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Cornell University Library 
 HS718.N56 J56 
 
 The centennial history of Jerusalem Chap 
 
 3 1924 030 342 178 
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THE CHARTER. 
 
 DeWitt Clinton, Grand High Priest. 
 Thomas S. Webb, Deputy Grand High Priest. 
 Thomas Frothingham, Grand King. 
 Jedediah Sanger, Grand Scribe. 
 
 We, The Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the State of New York, in 
 antient form assembled, according to the Constitution of the General 
 Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the Northern States of America, viz. : 
 
 The Most Excellent DeWitt Clinton, Esquire Grand High Priest, 
 
 The Most Excellent Thomas S. Webb. .. .Deputy Grand High Priest, 
 
 The Most Excellent Thomas Frothingham Grand King, 
 
 The Most Excellent Jedediah Sanger Grand Scribe, 
 
 Do, by these presents, appoint, authorise, and empower our Worthy 
 Companion John West to be High Priest, our Worthy Companion 
 Thomas Waring to be King, and our Worthy Companion Alexander 
 
 Stewart to be Scribe of a Chapter 
 
 OF Royal Arch Masons 
 
 to be by virtue hereof formed, constituted and holden, at the City of 
 New York, in the State of New York, which shall be distinguished by 
 the name, style, or title, of Jerusalem Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, 
 
 No. 8, and the said High Priest, King, and Scribe 
 
 and their successors in office, are hereby respectively authorised and 
 
 directed, by and with the consent of a majority of said Chapter 
 
 duly to be notified and present upon such occasions, to elect 
 
 and install the officers as vacancies may 
 
 happen, in manner and form as is or may be prescribed by the Con- 
 stitution of the General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Chapter, and 
 the Regulations of this Grand Royal Arch Chapter. 
 
 AND, FURTHER, the said Chapter of Royal Arch Masons is hereby 
 invested with full power and authority to assemble upon proper and 
 lawful occasions and to admit members ; and also to do and perform all 
 and every such acts and things appertaining to the Art as have been 
 and ought to be done for the honour and advantage thereof ; conforming 
 in all their proceedings to the Constitution of the said General Grand 
 Royal Arch Chapter, the Regulations of the Grand Royal Arch 
 Chapter, and paying their annual dues regularly and punctually ; other- 
 wise this Warrant, and the powers thereby granted, to cease, and be 
 of no further effect. 
 
 GIVEN under our Hands, and the Seal of our Grand Royal Arch 
 Chapter, in the City of New York, in North America, this Eighth Day 
 of April, in the Year of the Christian Era, One Thousand Seven Hun- 
 dred and Ninety-nine, and in the Year of Masonry, .... Thousand. 
 
 John Hanmer, G. Secretary. 
 
 Registered in the Book of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter. 
 
THE CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8 
 
 ROYAL ARCH MASONS 
 
Centennial f^tstotp 
 
 of 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter 
 
 iBto. 8 
 
 of 
 of 
 
 1799^1899 
 
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 Prtnttns anU ^oofiiiinains Com^anp 
 
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 A'1J^6'^d'f 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 INTRODUCTION. page 
 
 With a Brief History of Royal Arch Masonry i 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Proceedings of 1799. 
 Organization of the Chapter — Biography of John E. West, Grand 
 King and our First High Priest 16 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 Proceedings of 1800-1801. 
 
 Biography of Thomas Waring, High Priest 21 
 
 CHAPTER HI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1802-1803. 
 
 Biography of Alexander M. Stewart, High Priest 24 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1804. 
 
 Biography of Thomas Daniel, High Priest 26 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Proceedings of 1805. 
 
 Inventory of the Property of the Chapter 27 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Proceedings of 1806-1807-1808. 
 Removal to St. John's Hall— Reprint of the First Set of By-laws 
 — Biography of Thomas Lownds, Deputy Grand High Priest 
 and High Priest 29 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1809. 
 
 Biography of Thomas Sketchley, High Priest 43 
 
 vii 
 
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 Proceedings of i8io. tacx 
 
 Biography of Benjamin C. Stevenson, High Priest 45 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Proceedings of i8ii. 
 
 Biography of George Weir, High Priest 46 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 Proceedings of 18 12. 
 Biography of Joel Hart, M.D., Deputy Grand High Priest and 
 High Priest 48 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 Proceedings of 1813-1814. 
 Removal to New Masonic Hall— Biography of William Shippy, 
 High Priest Si 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1815. 
 
 Biography of James Herring, Sr., High Priest 54 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1816. 
 
 Biography of George W. Hyer, High Priest 56 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1817. 
 
 See Chapters XII. and XVIII 58 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Reference to the Hiatus which occurred at this Time in the Pro- 
 ceedings of the Chapter 60 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 Reprint of the Minutes of the only Meeting recorded in 1819 — 
 Proofs gleaned from the old Ledger that Thomas Kinch was 
 High Priest this year— Biography of Thomas Kinch, High 
 Priest 62 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 Proceedings of the Last Half of 1820. page 
 
 Reference to Charles Woollen, High Priest 65 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1821-1822. 
 
 Death of Companion John Utt, Secretary — ^Loss of Two Small 
 
 Minute-books containing Records of 1818-1819, and a Portion 
 
 of those of 1820 — Revival in the Affairs of the Chapter in 
 
 1822 — Biography of Christian Truss, High Priest 67 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Proceedings of 1823. 
 
 Biography of Thaddeus Whitlock, High Priest 70 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 Proceedings of 1824. 
 Large Additions to the Membership — A Second Inventory of the 
 Property of the Chapter — Order from the Grand Chapter to 
 Cease holding Sunday Meetings — Exaltation of the Marquis 
 de Lafayette and his Son, George Washington Lafayette — 
 Biography and Address of Lafayette 73 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 Proceedings of 1825. 
 Presentation of Testimonial to Joseph Hoxie — Biography of Joseph 
 Hoxie, High Priest 80 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 Proceedings of 1826. 
 Resolutions adopted for the Establishment of a Permanent Fund 
 — Biography of Lewis Belden, M.D., High Priest 83 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 Proceedings of 1827. 
 Removal to New Masonic Hall on Broadway — Report of Committee 
 of the Grand Chapter on the Death of William Morgan 87 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1828. 
 
 Biography of Maurice Hoyt, High Priest 91 
 
X TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1829. page 
 
 Removal to St. John's Hall— Biography of Richard Pennell, M.D., 
 Grand High Priest, and High Priest of the Chapter in 1824, 
 1829, 1840, and 1850 93 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1830. 
 
 Biography of James Robinson, High Priest 98 
 
 CHAPTER XXVn. 
 
 Proceedings of 1831. 
 
 Biography of George Arnold, High Priest loi 
 
 CHAPTER XXVni. 
 Proceedings of 1832-1833-1834-1835. 
 Removal to Masonic Hall in 1833 — Biography of Oliver Whittle- 
 sey, High Priest 102 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 Proceedings of 1836. 
 Period of the Lowest Ebb in the History of the Chapter — Biography 
 
 of Levi Strangmann, High Priest 106 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 Proceedings of 1837-1838. 
 Revival of Interest under the energetic Leadership of James Her- 
 ring, Jr. — Removal to the Howard House — Biography and 
 Address of James Herring, Jr., High Priest 107 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1839. 
 
 Biography of Alexander Copeland, High Priest 115 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 Proceedings of 1840. 
 Renewal of Work and Interest under M.-.E.-. Richard Pennell, 
 re-elected High Priest for the Third Time 1 16 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIir. 
 
 Proceedings of 1841. page 
 
 Removal to No. 33 Canal Street — Biography of W. W. Nexsen, 
 High Priest 117 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1842. 
 
 Biography of Charles S. Rowell, High Priest 118 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1843. 
 
 See Chapter XXXI 119 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 Proceedings of 1844. 
 Proposition to Suspend the Meetings of the Chapter sine die — 
 Biography of Robert R. Boyd, Grand High Priest and High 
 Priest 120 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 Proceedings of 1845. 
 Removal to Warren Hall — Biography of William H. Skeats, High 
 Priest 123 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 Proceedings or 1846. 
 
 Biography of Elias W. Nexsen, High Priest 125 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 Proceedings of 1847-1848. 
 Biography of Oscar Coles, Deputy Grand High Priest and High 
 Priest, with an Address by the same 126 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 
 Proceedings of 1849. 
 
 Biography of George Ackerman, High Priest 131 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1850. 
 
 Renewal of Interest under M. .E.-. Companion Pennell, re-elected, 
 
 for the Fourth Time, High Priest — Removal to the Howard 
 
 House, the name of which was changed to City Hotel — 
 
 Tribute to Companion Rickers 132 
 
xii TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 Proceedings of 1851. i'age 
 
 Biography of Companion John VanBuren, Exalted this year — 
 Biography of James W. Powell, M.D., Deputy Grand High 
 Priest and High Priest ^35 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII. 
 Proceedings of 1852. 
 By-laws Revised and Amended— Biography of William B. Shove, 
 High Priest 140 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV. 
 Proceedings of 1853-1854. 
 Removal to 643 Broadway— Biography of Hamilton Dill, High 
 Priest 149 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1855-1856-1857-1858. 
 
 Records of the Difficulties experienced with the Grand Chapter 
 
 and the subsequent Suspension and Restoration of the Chapter 
 
 by that Grand Body — Biography of Samuel C. Swartz, High 
 
 Priest 152 
 
 CHAPTER XLVI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1859-1860. 
 
 Biography of Godfrey W. Steinbrenner, High Priest 166 
 
 CHAPTER XL VII. 
 Proceedings of 1861-1862-1863-1864. 
 Removal to No. 8 Union Square — M.-.E.-.James M. Austin, elected 
 an Affiliate Member — Biography of Horace S. Taylor, Grand 
 High Priest and High Priest 169 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1865. 
 
 Biography of Jotham Post, M.D., High Priest 174 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX. 
 Proceedings of 1866-1867-1868. 
 Establishment of a Permanent Fund — Biography of Zachariah 
 Dederick, High Priest 175 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii 
 
 CHAPTER L. 
 Proceedings of 1869-1870. page 
 
 Biography of John T. Conover, High Priest 179 
 
 CHAPTER LI. 
 Proceedings of 1871-1872. 
 Conferring the Royal Arch Degree, in Irving Hall, before Four- 
 teen Hundred Royal Arch Masons — Biography of James F. 
 Ferguson, M.D., High Priest 181 
 
 CHAPTER LII. 
 Proceedings of 1873-1874. 
 Removal to the New Masonic Hall, Twenty-third Street and Sixth 
 Avenue — Biography of Eugene Van Benschoten, High Priest. 185 
 
 CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1875. 
 
 Biography of Thaddeus M. B. Cross, M.D., High Priest 188 
 
 CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1876-1877. 
 
 Biography of John A. Mapes, High Priest 190 
 
 CHAPTER LV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1878. 
 
 Biography of Royal E. Deane, High Priest 193 
 
 CHAPTER LVI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1879-1880. 
 
 Biography of Frank H. Hinds, High Priest 195 
 
 CHAPTER LVII. 
 
 Proceedings of 1881. 
 
 Biography of James M. Austin, General Grand High Priest, whose 
 Death occurred this Year — Biography of William Downes, 
 High Priest 197 
 
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER LVIII. 
 Proceedings of 1882-1883. pag= 
 
 Biography of Charles Roome, High Priest 202 
 
 CHAPTER LIX. 
 Proceedings of 1884. 
 Death of M.-.E.-.Horace S. Taylor— Biography of Albert G. Good- 
 all, High Priest , 206 
 
 CHAPTER LX. 
 Proceedings of 1885-1886. 
 Resolutions on the Death of Companion Charles W. Sy, Secretary 
 for Twenty-seven Years — Biography of Warren A. Conover, 
 High Priest 211 
 
 CHAPTER LXI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1887. 
 
 Biography of William F. Livermore, High Priest 215 
 
 CHAPTER LXn. 
 
 Proceedings of 1888. 
 
 Biography of Rollin M. Morgan, High Priest 217 
 
 CHAPTER LXin. 
 
 Proceedings of 1889. 
 
 Biography of Claudius Monell Roome, High Priest 220 
 
 CHAPTER LXIV. 
 
 Proceedings of 1890. 
 
 Biography of George Whitfield Brown, Jr., High Priest 222 
 
 CHAPTER LXV. 
 Proceedings of 1891. 
 Record Year for number of Additions to the Membership— Biog- 
 raphy of George E. W. Stivers, Grand High Priest and High 
 Priest 225 
 
 CHAPTER LXVI. 
 
 Proceedings of 1892. 
 
 Biography of John W. Sisson, High Priest 229 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS xv 
 
 CHAPTER LXVII. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS OF 1893. PAGE 
 
 Biography of William E. Hoxie, High Priest 231 
 
 CHAPTER LXVHI. 
 Proceedings of 1894. 
 Largest Balance ever shown in the General Fund — Biography of 
 William D. Critcherson, M.D., High Priest 233 
 
 CHAPTER LXIX. 
 
 Proceedings of 1895. 
 
 Chapter Incorporated — Reception to the Deputy Grand High Priest 
 — Biography of Samuel T. Armstrong, M.D., High Priest.... 236 
 
 CHAPTER LXX. 
 Proceedings of 1896. 
 Reception to the Grand High Priest — Biography of Charles Victor 
 Twiss, High Priest 239 
 
 CHAPTER LXXL 
 
 Proceedings of 1897. 
 
 Biography of John R. Gardner, High Priest 245 
 
 CHAPTER LXXn. 
 Proceedings of 1898. 
 Presentation of Testimonial to E. -.Companion Hinds — Address by 
 E.-.John R. Tresidder and Response by E.-. Companion Hinds 
 — Centennial Oration before the Grand Chapter by Companion 
 and Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D. — Biography of H. Eugene 
 Stafford, M.D., High Priest 248 
 
 CHAPTER LXXin. 
 Proceedings of 1899. 
 The Centennial Year, including an Account of the Centennial 
 Dinner and the Addresses made on that occasion — Biography 
 of John R. Tresidder, High Priest 262 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIV. 
 Our Secretaries 295 
 
xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER LXXV. i-aok 
 
 Our Treasurers 297 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVI. 
 Our Sentinel 298 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVII. 
 
 Conclusion 299 
 
 Present By-laws of the Chapter 305 
 
 Members of the Chapter who have received OfiSces in the Various 
 
 Grand Bodies 310 
 
 List of Members from the Foundation of the Chapter 313 
 
 List of Officers of the Chapter from its Foundation 325 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 PACE 
 
 The Old Charter Frontispiece 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Smith Webb, Founder of Royal Arch Ma- 
 sonry as practised in the United States 4 
 
 Portrait of DeWitt Clinton, First Grand High Priest 6 
 
 Map of New York City before 1799 18 
 
 Reproduction of Signatures of the Charter Members, and of the 
 
 Minutes of the First Two Meetings 20 
 
 St. John's Hall, Second Meeting-place of the Chapter 30 
 
 Reproduction of Certificate of Membership, 1808 40 
 
 Reproduction of Notice of Meetings 40 
 
 Reproduction of the Minutes of the Meeting noting the Exaltation 
 
 of Lafayette 74 
 
 Portrait of the Marquis de Lafayette, Exalted in 1824 78 
 
 Portrait of Joseph Hoxie, High Priest, 1825 80 
 
 Reproduction of the Recorded Addresses of Joseph Hoxie and 
 
 Lewis Belden, 1826 86 
 
 Masonic Hall, on Broadway near Duane Street, 1827 88 
 
 Portrait of Richard Pennell, M.D., Grand High Priest and High 
 
 Priest 94 
 
 Portrait of James Herring, Jr., High Priest 108 
 
 Portrait of Oscar Coles, Deputy Grand High Priest and High 
 
 Priest 126 
 
 Portrait of Samuel C. Swartz, High Priest 152 
 
 Portrait of Godfrey W. Steinbrenner, High Priest 166 
 
 Portrait of Horace S. Taylor, Grand High Priest and High Priest. 170 
 
 Portrait of Jotham Post, M.D., High Priest 174 
 
 Portrait of Zachariah Dederick, High Priest 176 
 
 Portrait of John T. Conover, High Priest 180 
 
 Portrait of James F. Ferguson, M.D., High Priest 182 
 
 jcvii 
 
xviii ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 New Masonic Hall, erected in 1875 1^4 
 
 Portrait of Eugene Van Benschoten, High Priest 186 
 
 Portrait of Thaddeus M. B. Cross, M.D., High Priest 188 
 
 Portrait of John A. Mapes, High Priest ipo 
 
 Portrait of Royal E. Deane, High Priest 192 
 
 Portrait of Frank H. Hinds, High Priest I94 
 
 Portrait of James M. Austin, M.D., General Grand High Priest. . 198 
 
 Portrait of William Downes, High Priest 200 
 
 Portrait of Charles Roome, High Priest 202 
 
 Portrait of Albert G. Goodall, High Priest 208 
 
 Portrait of Charles W. Sy, Secretary for Twenty-seven Years... 212 
 
 Portrait of Warren A. Conover, High Priest 214 
 
 Portrait of William F. Livermore, High Priest 216 
 
 Portrait of RoUin M. Morgan, High Priest 218 
 
 Portrait of Claudius M. Roome, High Priest 220 
 
 Portrait of George Whitfield Brown, Jr., High Priest 222 
 
 Portrait of George E. W. Stivers, Grand High Priest and High 
 
 Priest 226 
 
 Portrait of John W. Sisson, High Priest 230 
 
 Portrait of William E. Hoxie, High Priest 232 
 
 Portrait of William D. Critcherson, M.D., High Priest 234 
 
 Portrait of Samuel T. Armstrong, M.D., High Priest 236 
 
 Portrait of Charles Victor Twiss, High Priest 242 
 
 Portrait of John R. Gardner, High Priest 246 
 
 Portrait of Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D., Orator at the Cen- 
 tennial of the Grand Chapter 252 
 
 Portrait of H. Eugene Stafford, M.D., High Priest 260 
 
 Portrait of John R. Tresidder, High Priest 292 
 
 Portrait of Samuel Cheshire Wilson, Secretary 296 
 
 Portrait of Charles A. Whitney, Treasurer 297 
 
 Portrait of George Skinner, Sentinel 298 
 
 Interior of the Egyptian Room, Masonic Hall 304 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 In compiling the history of Jerusalem Chapter the 
 writer has endeavored to present it in a form that will 
 make it helpful to the student of Freemasonry, interest- 
 ing to the general reader, and instructive to those who 
 desire such information as it contains. 
 
 Naturally, the biography of those who have led, and 
 those who have otherwise been active in the afifairs of a 
 society, should occupy a large space in its records. There 
 seemed to be two methods open to the compiler whereby 
 such mention might be made. First, to write a biograph- 
 ical sketch of each High Priest and those who have other- 
 wise been prominent in the Chapter, or who have attained 
 distinction in other branches of Freemasonry, or who have 
 been men of note in private or public life, separate from the 
 various recorded events and other items of interest which 
 properly come under the head of the Chapter's history; 
 and, secondly, by arranging the material in hand so that 
 the history of a given period and a biography of those 
 who were its contemporaries might be embodied in separate 
 chapters covering the time of each administration. Be- 
 lieving the latter to be the better method, and to facilitate 
 the gathering of the materials necessary, this order of 
 arrangement has been followed. 
 
 Before proceeding with the history of the Chapter it 
 may be well to refer briefly to the beginning of the Capit- 
 ular Rite in this country, and at the same time to go back 
 even farther and make some reference to its origin in the 
 
2 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 old country. Royal Arch Masonry, as well as all other 
 branches of the Mystic Tie, was in a state of chaos at the 
 close of the last century in respect to an authoritative 
 government of the Craft, but master minds, under the 
 guidance of the Great Architect of the Universe, were try- 
 ing to bring order out of this unsettled state of affairs. It 
 is true that the principles of Speculative Masonry were well 
 defined and rehgiously practised by many of the Brethren, 
 but self-seekers had wormed their way into the Order; all 
 sorts of ambitions were rife; claims were made; and pre- 
 rogatives set up by lodges and individuals which are in- 
 comprehensible to those of the present day and generation. 
 
 It was honestly felt by many that the lessons taught in 
 Freemasonry were too extensive to be confined to the 
 symbolic lodges, while others saw in the separation of the 
 degrees greater opportunities for holding ofifice and other- 
 wise advancing their selfish interests. Whether this con- 
 fusion in the Craft was the result of the system of govern- 
 ment which had been established or not may be judged 
 by a careful study of what follows. 
 
 Freemasonry in England at the close of the last cen- 
 tury was divided into two camps, and had been for many 
 years. They were known as the " Ancients " and the 
 " Moderns," with the strange anomaly that the " An- 
 cients " were really the moderns, and vice versa. This 
 division came about as follows: Up to the year 1717, al- 
 though Masonic Lodges had existed from time immemo- 
 rial, no attempt had been made to establish them under a 
 Grand Lodge or Lodges. Through the marvellous activ- 
 ity and influence of Dr. John T. Desaguliers the four 
 oldest lodges in London came together and formed the 
 Grand Lodge of England in the year just mentioned. The 
 famous Rev. James Anderson, D.D., was delegated to 
 write a Book of Constitutions. He did so, and it was 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 3 
 
 adopted by the Grand Lodge in 1722. In 1738 Dr. An- 
 derson rewrote his Book of Constitutions, eliminated cer- 
 tain parts, added other matter, and made a number of 
 innovations. This new writing of the Constitution the 
 Grand Lodge adopted, but many of the brethren were in- 
 dignant that such changes should have been made; they 
 thereupon seceded and formed a new Grand Lodge, call- 
 ing themselves the " Ancients," for they were determined 
 to stand by the old customs, usages, and landmarks of the 
 Craft; at the same time they dubbed those who had been 
 guilty of making these changes " Moderns." The " An- 
 cients " became very popular. Their lodges spread rap- 
 idly; many eminent men were attracted to them, and they 
 were recognized by the Grand Lodges of Scotland and 
 Ireland. They were instrumental in introducing Free- 
 masonry into America. Provincial Grand Lodges were 
 chartered by them in New York, Pennsylvania, Massa- 
 chusetts, Virginia, and South Carolina. These Grand 
 Lodges of " Ancients " and " Moderns " kept up their 
 separate organizations until 1813, when, through the 
 efiforts of the Duke of Kent, Grand Master of the " An- 
 cients," and his brother the Duke of Sussex, at that time 
 Grand Master of the " Moderns," a union of the two Grand 
 Lodges was effected. 
 
 The moving spirit of the " Ancients," from its earliest 
 incentive, was Laurence Dermott, Grand Secretary, and 
 afterward Grand Master. " Dermott was greatly lacking 
 in charity and mildness, two characteristics which Masons 
 are always expected to possess; but in intellectual attain- 
 ments he was head and shoulders above his contempo- 
 raries, and was far in advance of the age in his appreciation 
 of the philosophical character of the Masonic institution." 
 To him we owe the establishment of Enghsh Royal Arch 
 Masonry, which was finally recognized by his opponents 
 
4 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 in 1813. " It is hardly now a question that the change 
 effected by him in the organization of the York Rite in 
 1740 has been of evident advantage to the service of 
 Masonic symbolism." — Mackay. 
 
 The Provincial Grand Lodge of New York having re- 
 ceived its charter from the Athol ("Ancient") Grand 
 Lodge of England, the Royal Arch System was received 
 with it as a matter of course. But in those early times 
 the degree was conferred upon Masters of Lodges only, 
 and in exceptional cases — by a Dispensation of the Grand 
 Master — on those who had attained some special promi- 
 nence in or out of the Craft. 
 
 In the year 1771 there was born in Boston, Mass., one 
 who was destined should cause not only a complete sepa- 
 ration of the Royal Arch Degrees from the control of 
 Symbolic Lodges, but who also enlarged and elaborated 
 the system as we now practise it in the United States — 
 Thomas Smith Webb. 
 
 " No name in Masonry is more familiar to the American 
 Mason than that of Webb, who was really the inventor 
 and founder of the system of work which, under the name 
 of the American Rite, is universally practised in the United 
 States." — Mackay. Through Webb's influence a Grand 
 Chapter was formed in Albany, N. Y., March 14, 1798. 
 This was organized in accordance with the Constitution 
 of the General Grand Chapter which had been formed in 
 the New England States the previous year, of which 
 Webb was the prime mover. As will be seen by copied 
 proceedings of the Grand Chapter, the representation at 
 this first session was very meagre, especially from the city 
 of New York, where two Chapters were located, each of 
 greater importance than Hibernian Chapter, the only 
 one represented, viz. : Old, or Ancient, and Washington 
 Chapters. 
 
THOMAS SMITH WEBB. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 5 
 
 One of Webb's most zealous supporters in the organiza- 
 tion of the Grand Chapter was John Hanmer, who came 
 to Albany from England in 1793, and was no doubt thor- 
 oughly familiar with the Royal Arch lectures. The two 
 Lodges of Master Masons then located in Albany, viz., 
 Masters' Lodge and Union Lodge, had received their 
 Charters from the English " Modem " Grand Lodge, and 
 therefore would not submit to the authority of the Athol 
 (" Ancient ") Grand Lodge, which had become the head 
 of the Craft in New York State in 1781. Webb and Han- 
 mer, with others, desiring to have a Lodge in Albany in 
 which the Royal Arch Degrees could be conferred, there- 
 fore applied to the Grand Lodge for a warrant, which 
 was granted in 1796, and a Lodge bearing the name of 
 " Temple " was formed. Ezra Ames, for many years the 
 Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of this State, 
 was one of the signers of the petition. 
 
 In order that the reader may have a clearer idea of the 
 beginning of the Grand Body under whose authority Jeru- 
 salem Chapter now works, extracts from the proceedings 
 are herewith given: 
 
 Temple Lodge Room, 
 Albany, N. Y., March 14, 1798. 
 Agreeably to the sixth article of the Constitution of the 
 Grand Chapter of the Northern States of America, the follow- 
 ing Royal Arch Masons from their several Royal Arch Chap- 
 ters within this State, being duly assembled in conformity to 
 said Constitution, viz. : 
 
 Comp. Samuel Edmonds, Jun., H. P. 
 
 Thomas Frothingham, K. 
 
 John Hanmer, H. P., Temple Chapter. 
 
 Gideon Fairman, K., Temple Chapter. 
 
 Sabastian Vischer, S., Temple Chapter. 
 
 Caleb B. Merrill, H. P., Horeb Chapter. 
 
 Jedediah Sanger, K., Horeb Chapter. 
 
6 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Comp. George Kasseck, S., Horeb Chapter. 
 
 " Thomas Smith Webb (proxy), Hibernian Chapter. 
 Daniel Hale, Jun., H. P., Montgomery Chapter. 
 Ashbel Meacham, K., Montgomery Chapter. 
 The above named Companions produced their respective au- 
 thorities from their several Chapters, and proceeded as follows : 
 For the more effectual purpose of promoting harmony and 
 regularity, and in conformity to ancient usage, the Compan- 
 ions present found it necessary to elect a Chairman and Sec- 
 retary, whereupon Companion Thomas Frothingham was 
 unanimously chosen Chairman, and Companion Sabastian 
 Vischer, Secretary. 
 
 The Constitution was read by Companion Thomas Smith 
 Webb, and in conformity to the eighth section thereof it was 
 unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That thjs Committee prodeed to the choice of 
 officers for the government of this Deputy Grand Chapter. 
 
 The following Companions were regularly chosen by ballot, 
 viz. : 
 
 Comp. DeWitt Clinton, Deputy Grand High Priest. 
 Thomas Frothingham, Deputy Grand King. 
 Jedediah Sanger, Deputy Grand Scribe. 
 John Hanmer, Deputy Grand Secretary. 
 Ami Rogers, Deputy Grand Chaplain. 
 Thomas S. Webb, Deputy Grand Treasurer. 
 John C. TenBroeck, Deputy Grand Marshal. 
 Benjamin Whipple, Deputy Grand Sentinel. 
 Isaac Sturges, Deputy Grand Tiler. 
 Companion Frothingham being the oldest High Priest pres- 
 ent, proceeded to install the Deputy Grand High Priest elect; 
 which being done, the Deputy Grand High Priest installed all 
 the officers elect that were present; all of which was done in 
 ancient form and with due decorum. 
 
 After the installation our Most Illustrious Companion De- 
 Witt Clinton, Deputy Grand High Priest, delivered a very 
 pathetic and affectionate address on the laudability of this in- 
 stitution, and the necessity of adopting the same. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 7 
 
 The Deputy Grand Chapter was then opened in ample form. 
 Motion was made and seconded, that a Committee be chosen 
 to draft a code of By-Laws for the government of this Chapter, 
 which was unanimously agreed to, and the following Com- 
 panions were appointed for that purpose : 
 Comp. John Hanmer, 
 " Samuel Edmonds, 
 " Caleb B. Merrill, 
 " Thomas S. Webb, 
 " Daniel Hale, Jr. 
 Chapter was closed in due form until next morning, and 
 then to be opened precisely at ten o'clock. , 
 " By order of the Deputy Grand High Priest." 
 
 The foregoing are the minutes of the first day's session. 
 
 The Grand Chapter assembled in Albany for its second 
 annual session January 29, 1799. 
 
 The minutes of this session state that a " Dispensation 
 was granted to several Royal Arch Masons to hold a Chap- 
 ter in the City of New York, by the name of Jerusalem 
 Chapter, and for which the Chapter paid fees amounting 
 to $40." 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter is not mentioned in the minutes of 
 the various sessions of the Grand Chapter held from this 
 time forward, until the session of 1803, when the follow- 
 ing resolution was adopted: 
 
 " To appoint a Committee to wait on the proxies appointed 
 by Jerusalem and Hibernian Chapters, of New York, to re- 
 quest them to pay the moneys in their hands into the Grand 
 Treasury." (These proxies were not held by members of said 
 Chapters.) 
 
 It was the manifest design of the Grand Chapter that 
 Royal Arch Masonry should be a ritualistic body, as the 
 following report of a committee testifies: 
 
8 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 " The Committee charged by the Grand Chapter at the last 
 session to provide the respective Grand Officers with suitable 
 dresses, submit the following: 
 
 " I. The garments of the Most Excellent H. P., which, if 
 entire, should consist of three coats, and two girdles or sashes, 
 viz.: 
 
 " 1st. The under coat, to be made of fine white linen or 
 striped dimity, covering the body from neck to feet, narrow 
 to the waist, then widening gradually to the border, with nar- 
 row sleeves, etc., etc. Around this a girdle or sash ought to 
 go, of four fingers in breadth and of sufficient length, made of 
 fine white linen, hollow inside throughout, and, as far as it may 
 be, exposed to sight, to be ingeniously embroidered with crim- 
 son, purple, and azure. 
 
 " 2d. The middle coat to reach from the neck to a little be- 
 low the knees, sufficiently wide so as to show numbers of 
 plaits, to be made of light blue. Around its broad hem are to 
 be placed alternately small silver bells and globules in the shape 
 of pomegranates, covered with crimson, azure, and purple. 
 The number of each ought not to be less than twenty-five. In 
 lieu of the bells, pomegranates may altogether be put on it. 
 
 " 3d. The upper coat must reach from the neck down to 
 nine inches below the hips, without sleeves. This should be 
 made of a rich brocade, interwoven with gold and silver thread 
 and spangles. Unto this is incorporated the upper girdle or 
 sash, four fingers in breadth, and so long as to wind round the 
 body three times, and hang down in a handsome bow knot. 
 This ought to be made of white silk, double, and richly em- 
 broidered with crimson, azure, and purple silk, and with thread 
 and spangles of gold and silver. In lieu of brocade a crimson 
 silk damask may be substituted. On the girdle the two lower 
 corners of the breast-plate are to be fastened with silver chains, 
 as the same is hung or fastened above. 
 
 " The dress of the Most Excellent D. G. H. P. to consist of 
 above, similar to the High Priest; under coat with a grand 
 girdle similar to the Most Excellent G. H. P.'s outer girdle. 
 
 " II. The garments of the excellent King should consist of 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 9 
 
 " 1st. A purple mantle, or cloak, lined with white flannel, 
 and spotted with black to resemble ermine, with a large cape 
 covering the shoulders, made of white rabbit-skins tipped with 
 black fur, and a broad facing of the same from the neck down 
 to the border before, with a pair of silver clasps to fasten it. 
 
 " 2d. A waistcoat of light blue silk with sleeves and small 
 cuffs of crimson silk, with an embroidered belt or girdle of 
 crimson silk, and a suitable buckle to it in front. 
 
 " 3d. A pair of overalls considerably large, made of fine 
 striped dimity. 
 
 " 4th. A pair of boots of yellow or red morocco, bound with 
 gold or silver lace on the top, with a tassel of the same in front. 
 
 " 5th. A suitable coronet and sceptre neatly trimmed and 
 gilded. 
 
 " III. The garment of the Scribe is to consist of a coat or 
 gown made like the High Priest's under-coat of white linen 
 or striped dimity, with a girdle or sash of suitable chintz, if it 
 can be had, if not it must be linen and embroidered ; his head 
 to be bare ; in his right hand holding a parchment roll. 
 
 " IV. The garments of the Secretary and Treasurer to be 
 gowns reaching from neck to feet made of white linen, sleeves 
 somewhat wide and drawn, with crimson silk capes, cuffs, and 
 borders before, and their crimson sashes over them. 
 
 " V. The gown for the Chaplain ought to be made of black 
 silk, in the shape of a Bachelor of Arts gown, with a white 
 band and black silk girdle. 
 
 " VI. All the members having seats and votes in the Grand 
 Chapter ought to appear in proper uniform, viz. : In plain white 
 gowns with red sashes over them. 
 
 " VII. The Committee further beg leave to remark that the 
 habiliments of this Grand Chapter ought to excel the dresses 
 of all other Royal Arch Chapters in grandeur, elegance, and 
 artfulness, wherefore neither labor nor cost ought to be spared 
 to procure the fittest and best materials, etc." 
 
 The history of Royal Arch Masonry in New York State 
 from the formation of the Grand Chapter in 1798 is per- 
 
lO HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 fectly clear to the student so far as it relates to the pro- 
 ceedings of that Grand Body. During the first four or 
 five years the sessions of the Grand Chapter were poorly 
 attended. The representatives were mainly from Tem- 
 ple, Hudson, and Horeb Chapters, located in Albany and 
 vicinity. Webb, in his Monitor published in 1797, gives 
 a list of the Chapters located in New York State, viz.: 
 Old and Washington of New York City, Montgomery of 
 Stillwater, Temple of Albany, Hudson of Hudson, and 
 Herkimer of Herkimer. It is thus evident that Hibernian 
 Chapter of New York City, which received its charter at 
 the first session of the Grand Chapter, had not at that time 
 been organized. As a matter of fact, many of the Royal 
 Arch Masons of New York City did not entertain a high 
 opinion of the Grand Chapter during the first few years 
 of its existence. 
 
 The experience which Hibernian and Jerusalem Chap- 
 ters had had with their proxies — ^two Companions then 
 residing in Albany — was not of a kind to inspire confidence. 
 It seems that the amount of their annual dues was appro- 
 priated by these proxies. Furthermore, the Grand Chapter 
 had a formidable rival in the City Grand Chapter, which 
 was formed the same year as the State Grand Chapter, 
 viz., 1798. 
 
 When Webb sought to find Royal Arch Chapters that 
 were willing to accede to his proposition to form one 
 Grand Chapter which would assume authority over all sub- 
 ordinate Chapters he met with little favor in New York 
 City. As before stated, two Chapters were already estab- 
 lished here, but each declined to entertain his proposition; 
 at least the inference is that such was the fact, and subse- 
 quent events give it the stamp of probability. 
 
 Washington Chapter — known as the Mother Chapter — 
 had been established for twenty years or more and had as- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER ii 
 
 sumed the prerogatives of a Grand Chapter by issuing 
 warrants to several Chapters in Connecticut and elsewhere. 
 Old Chapter — ^or Ancient No. i, as it is now known — 
 claims a much earlier origin. The historian of the latter 
 Chapter states that a warrant was granted it in 1763 by 
 the Grand Lodge of England, and in view of the power 
 thus conferred assumed the title and exercised the pre- 
 rogatives of a Grand Chapter. There is no authority for 
 this statement, for there is no record of such a warrant 
 ever having been issued. 
 
 It is a curious fact that the card of Old Chapter was 
 not published in the City Directory until 1796, while that 
 of Washington Chapter and of every Blue Lodge known 
 to have been in existence at that time were published for 
 several years previously. During five or six years before 
 the above date Washington Chapter is advertised as meet- 
 ing " twice a year or oftener if necessary." This Chapter 
 was not then designated by a number. 
 
 There is a tradition among the members of Phoenix 
 Chapter that Hibernian Chapter, the name it was first 
 known by, received a charter from Old Chapter prior to 
 the one granted by the State Grand Chapter in 1798. 
 This is only a tradition, however, for there is no evidence 
 to support it as a historical fact. 
 
 The card of Hibernian Chapter does not appear in the 
 City Directory until 1800, one year later than that of 
 Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
 The probabilities are that Webb, on finding that he 
 could induce neither of the two Chapters already organ- 
 ized to co-operate with him, hastily formed Hibernian 
 Chapter, and succeeded in interesting DeWitt Clinton, 
 then the Grand Senior Warden of the Grand Lodge — and 
 who was not in favor with the Grand Master, Robert R. 
 Livingston, personally, politically, or masonically — to be- 
 
12 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 come a member of the same, with the promise of being 
 made the chief ofificer in the proposed new Grand Body 
 of Royal Arch Masons. Abraham Skinner, the Grand 
 Junior Warden of the Grand Lodge for the next year, 
 1799, was at that time High Priest of Old Chapter. It is 
 significant that Clinton failed of re-election as Grand 
 Senior Warden in 1799, while Abraham Skinner was 
 elected Junior Grand Warden. 
 
 The card of Old Chapter does not appear in the Direc- 
 tory of 1798. In its stead there is the card of a Grand Chap- 
 ter with the name of Abraham Skinner as Grand High 
 Priest. The Grand Chapter met at the same place as Old 
 Chapter did the previous year — No. 87 Fair Street. This 
 form of advertisement was kept up until 1802, when two 
 cards appear, viz., one for Ancient Chapter No. i and an- 
 other for the Grand Chapter as heretofore. From this, and 
 from extracts from the proceedings of the State Grand 
 Chapter, which are referred to later, it will be seen that 
 there were two distinct camps of Royal Arch Masons in 
 this city — Ancient and Washington Chapters comprising 
 one, and Hibernian and Jerusalem Chapters the other. 
 
 The historian of Ancient Chapter again states that " sev- 
 eral Chapters were chartered by it as a Grand Chapter, 
 known as Independent, Rising Sun, Fredonia, and Wash- 
 ington, and that no trace of these Chapters can be found 
 after 1804." This is mostly conjecture. It is evident that 
 Washington Chapter did not receive its charter from An- 
 cient No. I, and it was in existence as late as 181 1. Ris- 
 ing Sun Chapter may have received its charter from 
 that source, for the said Chapter applied for admission 
 to Jerusalem Chapter in 1804, but its terms were not 
 acceptable to our members, and it later received a war- 
 rant from the State Grand Chapter. Fredonia Chap- 
 ter was undoubtedly chartered by Ancient No. i, or more 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 13 
 
 properly the City Grand Chapter, for a Chapter bearing a 
 similar name was granted a warrant by the State Grand 
 Chapter in 1807, and it is stated in the minutes that this 
 Chapter was formerly under the jurisdiction of Ancient 
 Chapter. This is the date of the admission of Ancient 
 and Washington Chapters into the fraternal union which 
 was begun at Albany nine years before. 
 
 It is a pity that the minutes of Ancient Chapter pre- 
 vious to 1827 have been lost or destroyed. It has been 
 seen that it is older than the present Grand Chapter, how 
 much older we are unable to determine. 
 
 Washington Chapter ceased to exist after 18 12, and 
 Phoenix Chapter, No. 2, has only its old charter, dated 
 1798, which was issued to Hibernian Chapter, No. 3 — and 
 of which Chapter it is the legal successor — to show the 
 actual date of its birth. This old charter of Phoenix Chap- 
 ter has had two erasures, one of its name and another 
 of its number. The earliest minutes of this Chapter now 
 extant are dated December 21, 1822. The Chapter had 
 been dormant for some time previously, and was about to 
 have its charter annulled when it was revived by several 
 members of Jerusalem Chapter, who for some unknown 
 reason withdrew from the Chapter that year. 
 
 This meeting of Phoenix Chapter, which assembled De- 
 cember 21, 1822, was held under a Dispensation from the 
 Deputy Grand High Priest. The first business was receiv- 
 ing the propositions of six Companions, late of Jerusalem 
 Chapter, No. 8. They were immediately elected to mem- 
 bership without fee. An election of officers for the ensuing 
 year was then held, and these six Companions were elected, 
 respectively, to the offices of High Priest, King, Scribe, 
 Secretary, Captain of the Host, and Royal Arch Captain. 
 The actual beginning of Jerusalem Chapter is shrouded in 
 mystery. That the Chapter was organized before 1799 is 
 
14 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 evident from the language used in the opening minutes, 
 wherein it states that "a brother was elected to receive 
 the degrees whose name had been proposed some time 
 previous." The Chapter is particularly fortunate in having 
 not only its old charter, which is precisely in the same con- 
 dition as when it was first issued — barring the " sere and 
 yellow leaf " color of its parchment — but also its minutes, 
 which are practically intact from 1799 to date. There is 
 a small hiatus of two years — viz., 18 18-19 — during which 
 time there is little to show what happened. 
 
 The card of Jerusalem Chapter, published in the City 
 Directory for 1799, gives a complete list of the officers and 
 states that the Chapter meets at No. 3 Slote Lane. In 
 perusing the early minutes one will observe that the Chap- 
 ter was always opened on the Mark Degree, during which 
 the regular business was transacted. There were Lodges, 
 known as Mark Lodges, which conferred that degree only. 
 Candidates from such Lodges were received for the subse- 
 quent degrees in the Chapter. 
 
 The Excellent Master's Degree was the same as that 
 now known as the Past Masters' Degree. It was not 
 deemed necessary that masters of " Blue " Lodges should 
 receive this degree, and it was sometimes referred to as 
 the Chair Master's Degree. 
 
 " The Most Excellent Master's Degree as now practised 
 was the invention of Thomas Smith Webb, and is pecul- 
 iarly American, for to this day it is practised in no other 
 country." — Mackay. 
 
 The Royal Arch Degree was practically the same as 
 now, the true symbolism of the degree having been prac- 
 tised by the " Ancients " in England for many years pre- 
 viously. Some have thought by the word " Royal " in the 
 title of the Capitular Rite, or by calling it the " Royal 
 Art," that the brethren still cling to monarchical forms 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 15 
 
 in a country which has thrown off the monarchical yoke. 
 But the word " Royal " in connection with Freemasonry 
 does not mean anything pertaining to a family, an office, 
 or a system. It goes farther back and simply uses the 
 word in its true meaning. " If ye fulfil the royal law ac- 
 cording to the Scriptures — Thou shalt love thy neighbor 
 as thyself — ye do well." 
 
 It has been the aim of the best minds of those who have 
 from time to time graced the rolls of the Chapter to put 
 this Royal Law into practice. How well they have suc- 
 ceeded will be found in the pages which follow this in- 
 troduction. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 1799 
 
 John E. West, High Priest 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter began work under the most aus- 
 picious circumstances. It had regularly received its char- 
 ter, paid its quota to the Grand Chapter, and started the 
 noble and glorious work of making Royal Arch Masons 
 under the new regime which in time was to grow to mag- 
 nificent proportions in the jurisdiction of this great Em- 
 pire State. 
 
 By-laws for its government were adopted at an early 
 meeting. Unfortunately these were not recorded in the 
 minute-book, and there are no means of knowing their 
 contents. 
 
 The regular meetings, as they were called, not convoca- 
 tions as now termed, were to be held on the first Wednesr 
 day in each month. Those of February, March, April, 
 July, November, and December are fully recorded. The 
 leaves containing, most likely, the minutes of the May and 
 June meetings have been loosened or torn from the min- 
 ute-book and lost. In July the Chapter voted to call off 
 until October, but it failed to meet again until November. 
 The annual election occurred at the regular meeting in 
 December. The minute-book contains the records of six 
 regular and five " extra " meetings held during the first 
 year. 
 
 It is recorded in the minutes of the July meeting that 
 " Companion Gordon presented a petition signed by a 
 
 16 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER \^ 
 
 number of Royal Arch Masons praying Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter to recommend them to the State Grand Chapter in 
 order to obtain a warrant to hold a Royal Arch Chapter, 
 but after some observations from the Chapter he requested 
 ' that the petition might lie over for some short time.' " 
 It is not known where these Companions hailed from, pos- 
 sibly they were members from the two Chapters then 
 meeting in the city who would not give allegiance to the 
 State Grand Chapter. The matter did not come up again, 
 which perhaps disgruntled Companion Gordon so that he 
 withdrew from the Chapter the following year. It is 
 curiously stated in the minutes of November 6th, " The 
 M. E. H. P. proceeded to open the Chapter with the usual 
 Solemnities and Ancient Customs. The Chapter being 
 opened, the business commenced with the Installation of 
 the M. E. H. P." Who installed him is not stated, and 
 the reason why the installation was postponed until that 
 late day does not appear. 
 
 At this same meeting Companion John Hanmer, Grand 
 Secretary of the Grand Chapter, was elected an honorary 
 member. 
 
 About this time a committee was received from Hiber- 
 nian Chapter who made the request " that their Chapter 
 be permitted to meet in the same room." At a subsequent 
 meeting it was unanimously agreed that the committee 
 appointed to confer with the Committee from Hibernian 
 Chapter with reference to giving them the privilege of 
 meeting in the same room, " that the Committee should 
 be invested with full powers to treat, and agree, with Hi- 
 bernian Chapter on the best possible terms, for the good 
 of Jerusalem Chapter." 
 
 There must have been a Mark Lodge working in con- 
 junction with the Chapter, with a separate set of officers, 
 for it is recorded in the December minutes : " On motion 
 
l8 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 of our Worshipful Master, that the officers of the Mark 
 Lodge remain as last year, it was unanimously agreed to." 
 
 At an "Extra Meeting," held Wednesday, December 
 1 8, 1799, the ofificers were elected and installed, but the 
 installing officer is not named. 
 
 It is recorded that " M. E. Thomas Waring being High 
 Priest, a charge was delivered by him to the respective 
 officers concerning their official cappacities." 
 
 A charge was also delivered by him to a newly exalted 
 candidate — " which done him much honor in his new ex- 
 alted office." 
 
 At the close of this meeting, the minutes state, " It was 
 unanimously agreed we dine on the first day of January 
 next in company with Hibernian Chapter in our Chapter 
 Room." 
 
 The first annual return to the Grand Chapter contains 
 the names of fourteen charter members, ten of whom were 
 exalted during the year, and one rejected candidate. 
 
 It is interesting to know how many branches of busi- 
 ness were represented in the occupations of the charter 
 members, not one of whom was a professional man. It is 
 not to be inferred from this that men in professional life 
 did not seek the fraternity. Robert R. Livingston, Jacob 
 Morton, and DeWitt Clinton were prominent examples of 
 the lawyer in Masonry at the close of the last century; 
 Livingston being Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, Clin- 
 ton the Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter, and Jacob 
 Morton the first presiding officer of Knights Templar. It 
 so happened that our charter members were all engaged 
 in the simpler pursuits of life : West was a builder. Waring 
 a hosier, Stewart a ship chandler, Kennedy, Holmes, and 
 Rodgers merchants, Stevenson a mariner, Williams a car- 
 penter, Archer a tailor, Burtsell a stationer, Carr a butcher, 
 and Gordon a silversmith, Fryatt and Cheetham kept 
 
APlan o&^tKe City of New"* 
 
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 City before 1799. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 19 
 
 porter-houses, and John Douglass, the treasurer, kept a 
 tavern, where the Chapter held its meetings. The only 
 " gentleman of leisure," among the first members, was 
 Peter C. Schuyler. He lived at No. 46 Broad Street. 
 
 Slote or Sloat Lane, where the Chapter held its ear- 
 liest meetings, led from William Street opposite Beaver, 
 and, turning to the right, terminated in Pearl Street at 
 Hanover Square. Vide City Directory. This lane now 
 comprises a part of Beaver Street and a part of Hanover 
 Street. The meeting-place chosen by the Chapter was 
 convenient to the residences of the most if not all the mem- 
 bers. The thickly settled portion of the city was then 
 south of Wall Street. Few business places were to be 
 found above that now famous thoroughfare, and the resi- 
 dences that were then north of it were scattering. This 
 was before the new City Hall was even contemplated, and 
 the Commons, from which was chosen later a site for this 
 beautiful structure, was then considered well out into the 
 country. 
 
 The humble tavern, kept by Companion John Douglass, 
 was poorly adapted for the rendition of the mysteries 
 contained in our Royal Art, and as the members gathered 
 around the log fire of a winter's night and by aid of 
 the dim light of the tallow dip gazed into each other's 
 faces, they little dreamed that their weak attempt to shed 
 forth the splendid illumination of Royal Arch Masonry 
 would reach the magnificent proportions which it has 
 since attained. 
 
 Primitive, indeed, were these efforts of our first Com- 
 panions, but the daily doings of the people were at that 
 time in nearly as primitive a state as they had been for 
 centuries. Not one of the great latter-day inventions was 
 then hardly dreamed of. Lighting by gas and electricity, 
 
20 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 motive by steam-power, coal for fuel, the telephone and 
 telegraph, and the thousand and one things which have 
 since been devised to contribute to the comfort and safety 
 of life, were then unknown. 
 
 In view of their environment and limited means, the 
 fathers of our institution are entitled to our undying grati- 
 tude for their faithful endeavors in promulgating the noble 
 and glorious work in which we are now engaged. 
 
 The little that is known of Companion West, the first High 
 Priest, is recorded here. He lived at No. 236 Greenwich 
 Street, and was by occupation a builder, which would seem 
 to be an appropriate calling for the Companion selected as the 
 first presiding officer of the Chapter. 
 
 He was Secretary of Hiram Lodge, No. 7, in 1799. The 
 greater number of the charter members of the Chapter hailed 
 from that Lodge. 
 
 He continued an active member of the Chapter for many 
 years. He served on the Standing Committee; was elected 
 Principal Sojourner in 1802; Master of the 2d Vail in 1806; 
 and the following year was elected Grand King of the Grand 
 Chapter at Albany. 
 
 He was also an active Knight Templar, having been Grand 
 Master of St. Peter's Encampment of K. T. in 1799. 
 
 How long he continued a member of Jerusalem Chapter is 
 not known. He paid dues as late as October 5, 1819. 
 

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CHAPTER II. 
 
 1800-1801 
 
 Thomas Waring, High Priest 
 
 The meetings of 1800 were held quite regularly. Twelve 
 in all were convened, three of them being " extras." At 
 the April meeting three candidates were rejected, which 
 so wrought upon the feelings of the members that " Com- 
 panion Kennedy (the Scribe of the Chapter) gave notice 
 that he would (on the next Regular) bring forward the 
 following motion," viz. : " ' that if a brother proposed to 
 the Chapter for exaltation and be balloted for, and there 
 should appear one Black Ball against the Candidate, the 
 Companion so Black Balling shall give his reasons for so 
 doing; on refusal, the Black Ball to be counted of non- 
 eiifect.' " This motion was adopted at the next regular 
 meeting and remained in force for a number of years. 
 
 At the last meeting in 1800, the old century was closed 
 by re-electing all of the principal officers to serve the first 
 year of the new century. 
 
 The meetings this year were held regularly throughout 
 the summer, but no " extra " meetings were called. The 
 newly elected Secretary, Companion Samuel Howlett, 
 started out with a great flourish of penmanship, but failed 
 to fulfil his duties after the September meeting, and al- 
 though re-elected in 1802 he never recorded the minutes 
 of another meeting, and left the city early in 1802. 
 
 Nothing of importance occurred during the last year of 
 Companion Waring's administration. 
 
22 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 The years 1800 and 1801 are notable ones in the history 
 of Freemasonry in New York State. The first saw the 
 close of the long and brilliant rule of Grand Master Rob- 
 ert R. Livingston over the Grand Lodge, and the latter 
 brought to an end the reign of DeWitt Clinton as Grand 
 High Priest of the Grand Chapter. Undoubtedly the 
 growth and the influence of Royal Arch Masonry were 
 more or less retarded by the opposition that these two great 
 men always had for each other. At first Clinton had little 
 influence in the Grand Lodge, and although elected Grand 
 Senior Warden for one year, he did not receive advance- 
 ment. On the other hand, Clinton and his adherents dom- 
 inated the affairs of the Grand Chapter. Whatever sympa- 
 thy Livingston had for Royal Arch Masonry was probably 
 given to the City Grand Chapter, of which Abraham Skin- 
 ner, Grand Junior Warden of the Grand Lodge, was the 
 Grand High Priest. At any rate this lack of unanimity 
 among those who had received the Capitular degrees no 
 doubt deterred many Master Masons from seeking admis- 
 sion to the Royal Craft who otherwise would have done so. 
 
 From 1 80 1 to 1803 the yellow fever was prevalent in 
 New York City. Mayor Edward Livingston, the Deputy 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, was very attentive to 
 the sufiferers. He lost his fortune, and nearly his life, 
 through his devotion to this cause. 
 
 Companion Waring, our second High Priest, was a man of 
 ability and character. The minutes heretofore recorded, briefly 
 refer to his ability. He was not particularly prominent in the 
 Craft and apparently confined his Masonic work to the sub- 
 ordinate Lodge and Chapter. He was Master of Hiram Lodge 
 No. 7 in 1799, and for several years thereafter. After the re- 
 tirement of Companion John Douglass as Treasurer, in 1801, 
 Companion Waring was elected to succeed him and served in 
 that office six years. He retained his membership in the Chap- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 23 
 
 ter until January 28, 1824, when he was suspended for non- 
 payment of dues. 
 
 This action by the Chapter was unfortunate to say the least. 
 The amount owed by Companion Waring was only five dollars, 
 and he claimed the Chapter owed him this sum for carriage hire 
 incurred at the funeral of Companion John Utt, Secretary of 
 the Chapter, who died in 1822. To take such summary action 
 against one who had served the Chapter in its highest and most 
 responsible position, and who was the only livir^g charter mem- 
 ber, seems unjustifiable, and contrary to the teachings of Free- 
 masonry. 
 
 Companion Waring was the first of the many old merchants 
 of New York whose names have graced the rolls of the Chap- 
 ter. He was a hosier, and kept shop at No. 104 Broadway. 
 
 Companion John Douglass, Companion Waring's predecessor 
 in the ofSce of Treasurer, was something of a character. He 
 was " mine host " of the Chapter, and kept the tavern at No. 
 3 Slote Lane, where the Chapter held its meetings. From 
 all accounts, he provided generously for the entertainment 
 of the members, and when he moved into the country, i.e., 
 Corlears Hook, in 1801, the Chapter owed him a large amount 
 of money, which probably was never liquidated. His son was 
 admitted to the Chapter later on, his fee being credited to 
 the Chapter debt legacy which his father left him. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 I 802- I 803 
 
 Alexander M. Stewart, High Priest 
 
 Twelve regular and three extra meetings were held 
 in 1802. 
 
 About this time the Chapter found itself in financial dif- 
 ficulties, although candidates for membership were plenti- 
 ful. It was therefore moved " that a Committee be ap- 
 pointed to investigate the accounts of the Secretary and 
 Treasurer." The motion was adopted, and it was found 
 that the Chapter owed £131, with only £30 8s. od. in hand. 
 (This was before the decimal computation of our currency 
 had become to be in general use.) This amount of indebt- 
 edness was not so large as it seems, for the York pound, 
 like the well-known York shilling, was only about one- 
 half the amount of the English computation for those sums. 
 
 There was also found to be due from members £54 5.^. 
 yd. This investigation caused the Chapter no great con- 
 cern, for the money was all owed to Thomas Waring, John 
 Douglass, and one or two other members. 
 
 At the annual election in 1802 it was voted " to elect 
 officers by a show of hands for that evening only." Com- 
 panion Stewart was re-elected High Priest. 
 
 In 1803 only seven regular meetings and two " extra " 
 meetings were held. An effort was made early in the year 
 to establish fraternal relations with Old and Washington 
 Chapters, who were not then in union with the Grand 
 
 24 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 2$ 
 
 Chapter, but nothing came of it, and the Chapter was later 
 rebuked for its action by the Grand Chapter. 
 
 Companion Stewart, the third High Priest of the Chapter, 
 was a ship chandler. He carried on business at No. 68 Wall 
 Street. He was active in Lodge, Chapter, and Commandery, 
 being at this time Captain-General of St. Peter's Encampment, 
 K. T. The last edition of the By-laws incorrectly states that 
 he died in 1802. He was re-elected High Priest of the Chap- 
 ter in 1805. He was the first of its members to represent the 
 Chapter at the Grand Chapter sessions. He was elected Cap- 
 tain of the Host in 1808, and Treasurer in 1809. There is 
 no record of his death or withdrawal. He was living although 
 not a member of the Chapter as late as 1821. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 1804 
 
 Thomas Daniel, High Priest 
 
 At the August meeting this year twelve Companions 
 applied for affiliation on the following conditions, viz. : 
 that they be allowed to join at about one-half the regular 
 fee, and they further made a stipulation that before they 
 completed their membership the Chapter was to free it- 
 self entirely from debt. The prayer of the petitioners was 
 denied, although the records do not state which of the 
 conditions imposed was most distasteful. This thrifty 
 company of twelve was known as Rising Sun Chapter, but 
 its rays did not emanate from the true Sun of the Craft, 
 and were soon extinguished. 
 
 Companion Thomas Daniel, our fourth High Priest, was ex- 
 alted in Jerusalem Chapter in 1802. He served as Secretary — 
 or Deputy Scribe, as the office was then called — in 1803 with 
 marked faithfulness and ability, which gave promise for a 
 brilliant administration as High Priest, but the Grand High 
 Priest of the Universe called him from labor to refreshment 
 early in April, and the Chapter experienced its first great sor- 
 row. Companion Daniel must have been exceedingly popular 
 to have been advanced so rapidly. The City directories of 
 1802, 1803, and 1804 do not contain his name, therefore his 
 occupation cannot be given. 
 
 At the June meeting. Companion Stewart was unanimously 
 chosen to fill the unexpired term. This, perhaps, was the right 
 thing to do at the time, although a better way has since been 
 learned. 
 
 26 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 1805 
 
 Alexander M. Stewart, High Priest 
 
 Ten regular and four extra meetings were held this 
 year. At the April meeting an agreement was entered into 
 between Jerusalem, Hibernian, and Rising Sun Chapters, 
 whereby the property of the first two Chapters was to be 
 jointly owned by the three Chapters on payment of $159.23 
 on the part of Rising Sun Chapter, which sum was to be 
 divided equally between Jerusalem and Hibernian Chap- 
 ters, and as half-cents were then in circulation there was 
 no necessity for drawing lots to see which Chapter should 
 have the odd cent. 
 
 The inventory of said property, and the way it is re- 
 corded, will be interesting to some of the readers of this 
 history : 
 
 INVENTORY 
 
 " East. Screen of Columns, Cornice &c.. Steps, Platforms 
 &c. supporting the same. Curtains and Hangings thereto : 
 two antient Caps carved in wood, railing in front and 
 hanging thereto. Cushion, Bible, Maul. Surplice. P. M. 
 Jewel, Silver square, large Sopha, 3rd. 2nd. and ist. 
 vails with hangings, sashes, curtain rods &c.. Sundry 
 dresses for the 3 first ofiEcers, wardrobe. Silver key. Silver 
 pen and 2 Silver rules. 
 
 "West. Platform, 2 Columns with a vase on each. Canopy 
 with hangings thereunto, 3 Figures and Brackets, Glass 
 
 27 
 
28 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Chandelier, S. W. Jewel & Truncheon, 4 Lamps, 5 Swords, 
 a wire fender & 3 pair morocco slippers. 
 " South. Steps, Railing and Truncheon, Hangings; J. W. 
 Jewel & ribbon, 2 triangular Tables, Brass Squares for M. 
 Degrees, 2 Deacons Rods, Crowbar, Pickax and Shovel, 
 China, Brass Candelsticks as fixed to preparing room. 
 Hat & Caps, Compasses & Seats." 
 
 At the June meeting a motion was adopted " that all 
 members of this Chapter who are in arrears for three 
 months have notice from the Secretary that unless the 
 dues that each respectively owes is not discharged on the 
 next regular meeting their names will be struck off the 
 book, and they no longer be considered as members, and 
 a report of the same be made to the different Chapters of 
 this city and to the Grand Chapter." This was easier said 
 than done, and nothing came of the resolution. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 1806-1807-1808 
 
 Thomas Lownds, High Priest 
 
 Freemasonry in all its branches was at this time in a 
 generally prosperous condition throughout the State. At 
 the annual Communication of the Grand Lodge in 1806 
 DeWitt Clinton was elected Grand Master, which gave 
 new impetus to Symbolic Masonry. The Grand Chapter, 
 under the wise rule of M. E. Companion Ezra Ames, was 
 becoming a powerful body, and by a firm but tactful policy 
 was beginning to draw to itself all who gave allegiance to 
 the Capitular Rite. Old and Washington Chapters were 
 still holding out against the Grand Chapter in 1806, and 
 although some impatience was shown by the City Chap- 
 ters, who were in union with the Grand Chapter, at the 
 unyielding attitude of that Grand Body, there was no dis- 
 loyalty on their part. At the February meeting in 1806 
 a committee was appointed to confer with committees 
 from other Chapters and remonstrate with the General 
 Grand Chapter against a " Law of limitation " concern- 
 ing communication with members of other Chapters not 
 under the same jurisdiction. This is an early evidence of 
 the wisdom of governing the various branches of the Craft 
 by a General Grand Body. The success of Royal Arch 
 Masonry and of Knight Templarism has been largely due 
 to this centralization of the law-making power. How 
 many errors might have been avoided, how much less dif- 
 ficult would it be now for Masons to fraternize between 
 
 29 
 
30 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 some of the State jurisdictions of Symbolic Masonry, if 
 the various Grand Lodges were under the control of a 
 General Grand Lodge. Although this form of govern- 
 ment is not looked upon with favor by many of the Grand 
 Lodges, with proper limitations it seems to be more in 
 accord with the form of the civil government of the United 
 States. 
 
 The Grand Chapter had been trying for a number of 
 years to induce the two Chapters above mentioned to 
 come into its fold. At the annual session in 1802 the fol- 
 lowing resolution was adopted, viz. : " That the Grand 
 Secretary be and is hereby directed to write to the two 
 Chapters in New York City at present not under this 
 jurisdiction and inform them that if they come in by the 
 first day of September next they will rank as was men- 
 tioned in a former communication; but, if they refuse, all 
 correspondence will be cut off from them and all Chapters 
 under their jurisdiction." This resolution had no efifect, 
 and in 1803 a direct blow was aimed at these Chapters in 
 the following resolution, viz. : " That all communication, 
 either public or private, is hereby forbidden between any 
 Chapter or Lodge under this jurisdiction, or any member 
 of either of them, and any Chapter, Lodge, or Assembly 
 which has not complied with Article III., Section 2, of the 
 General Grand Constitution, or with any member or per- 
 son exalted in or advanced in such illegal Chapter or Lodge, 
 and that the Grand Secretary be directed to forward the 
 said resolution to every Chapter and Mark Lodge under 
 this jurisdiction, and also communicate it to the several 
 Grand Chapters in the Northern States." Still the desired 
 efifect was not attained, and the case seemed so hopeless, 
 that the Companions were prompted to make the appeal, 
 or remonstrance, to the General Grand Chapter, as noted 
 above. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 31 
 
 Twelve regular and ten extra meetings were held in 1807. 
 A large number of candidates were exalted, but somehow 
 the new influences which were governing the Chapter do 
 not seem, at this writing, to have been altogether desir- 
 able. The old leaders appear to have been cast aside. 
 The proceedings were less dignified. Candidates were 
 hurriedly exalted, and the records indicate a general lower- 
 ing of the tone of the Chapter. The receipts from fees 
 and dues were large, and, strange to say, although the 
 Chapter had a regularly elected treasurer, the entire re- 
 ceipts of each convocation were paid over to the High 
 Priest and disbursed by him at his own pleasure. 
 
 On April 17, 1807, the Chapter met for the last time at 
 No. 3 Slote Lane, and on the 22d of the same month moved 
 into St. John's Hall. This building was located at No. 8 
 Frankfort Street, immediately in the rear of the present 
 World building. The Hall was four stories in height. 
 The ground-floor contained a reading-room, a saloon, and 
 living apartments. The second and third floors were 
 fitted up for lodges, and were very plainly furnished, while 
 the fourth floor was set apart for Chapter and Encamp- 
 ment rooms, and was highly ornate. The accompanying 
 cut is probably as correct an illustration of the building 
 as may be found. This new meeting-place brought the 
 Chapter out of its environment of tavern life and trade 
 into a situation which was then second to none in the 
 city. The costly and splendid City Hall was rapidly near- 
 ing completion within a biscuit toss of St. John's Hall, 
 and the lovely park, so long afterward the pride of our citi- 
 zens, was being laid out. St. John's Hall, which had been 
 set apart for the exclusive use of the Craft, was in conse- 
 quence of these surroundings brought into greater promi- 
 nence than it would have been in any other section of the 
 city. The adaptability of the hall for ritualistic work was 
 
32 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 an incentive to the Companions to develop that feature 
 of the work, and no doubt attracted candidates and con- 
 tributed largely to the growth of membership experienced 
 at this time. 
 
 A practical illustration of the efifect of the resolution 
 with reference to the blackballing of candidates, which 
 was passed in 1800, occurred this year. At the Novem- 
 ber meeting " Bro. E. Burrill was balloted for, and was 
 found to have one ball against him, when the sense of the 
 Chapter was taken whether Bro. Burrill should be ad- 
 mitted." As it was considered that " the Brother who 
 Black Balled him did not give sufficient reasons for so do- 
 ing, the ' Voice of the Chapter ' being taken, it went in 
 favor of Bro. Burrill being admitted." 
 
 At the March meeting it was voted that the M. E. H. P. 
 prepare proper dresses for the Chapter, and $100 be ap- 
 propriated for that purpose. 
 
 At the December meeting Companion Lownds was 
 elected High Priest for the third time, and there was a com- 
 plete change in the other offices; every position, down to 
 Tyler, having a new occupant. Companion Waring was 
 deposed from the Treasury after filling that office for six 
 years. 
 
 Companion John E. Ruckle was elected Principal So- 
 journer, " and was allowed by the Chapter the privilege 
 of appointing a deputy; accordingly, Francis Dubaur was 
 by him nominated to that office." 
 
 Companion Joel Hart, the newly elected Deputy Scribe, 
 or Secretary, had the peculiarity of recording the minutes 
 in various styles of handwriting. Some of his minutes are 
 written in back-hand, others in a heavy mascuhne chirog- 
 raphy, still others in a delicate feminine style. This pe- 
 culiarity is evidenced even in his signature, which varies 
 in accordance with the body of the minutes. At the close 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 33 
 
 of his minutes he made use of this expression, " and the 
 Lodge closed with characteristic affection." 
 
 The year 1808 was a specially prosperous one, not only 
 for the Chapter but for the entire Capitular Rite in this 
 State. The various Chapters composing it were for the 
 first time dwelling in perfect harmony. At the annual 
 session of the Grand Chapter in 1807, Ancient and Wash- 
 ington Chapters of this city were finally admitted to fel- 
 lowship and given their charters. Fredonia Chapter was 
 also instituted, making six Chapters in all in New York 
 City. At the same time there were about twenty " Blue " 
 Lodges in the city. There were still a few Mark Lodges, 
 but a movement was then on foot in Chapter circles to 
 abolish these Lodges. 
 
 In 1808, Hibernian Chapter, No. 3, which had so long 
 fraternized with Jerusalem Chapter, petitioned the Grand 
 Chapter to change its name to Phoenix, which was granted. 
 The reader will understand by this explanation why no 
 further reference is made to Hibernian Chapter in these 
 pages. 
 
 On May 12, 1808, a resolution was adopted " that a 
 Mark Master Mason not regularly made in a Chapter shall 
 not be admitted to visit or be Marked in this Lodge." 
 Heretofore they had been received and given the succeed- 
 ing degrees at the usual charge, less the amount of the 
 fee for the Mark Degree. 
 
 It was deemed unnecessary at this time to confer the 
 Past Master's Degree, or Chair Master's Degree, as it was 
 then termed, on regularly elected Masters of Lodges, and 
 candidates who had served as Masters of " Blue " Lodges 
 were not required to pay the fee for the Past Master's 
 Degree. A resolution was adopted in 1808 which showed 
 how well grounded the Craft was at that time in their de- 
 termination to disjdlow participation in, or discussion of, 
 
34 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 political subjects. A circular letter was received from the 
 Tammany Society requesting the Chapter to join with it 
 in interring the bones of those American citizens who had 
 perished on board the Jersey (British) Prison ship. The 
 Deputy Scribe was authorized to reply " that the Chapter 
 expresses its perfect sense of the laudable and patriotic 
 intentions of the Tammany Society, but from its being an 
 ' uncustomary ' thing for Masonic institutions to partici- 
 pate in political subjects, the Chapter is desirous of being 
 excused." 
 
 The Chapter reached this conclusion even before the 
 Grand Lodge adopted similar resolutions. 
 
 Storm-clouds must have been lowering early in 1808, 
 or the following resolution would not have been adopted, 
 viz. : " On motion it was resolved, unanimously, that the 
 earnest thanks of the Chapter be returned to M. E. H. P. 
 Lownds for his meritorious and constant endeavors to 
 promote the welfare of the Chapter, and that they enter- 
 tain the most exalted opinion of his Conduct, unshaken 
 by the foul breath of Calumny, or the sinister designs of 
 his unprincipled enemies." 
 
 The By-laws of the Chapter were revised in 1808, and 
 it " was resolved, unanimously, that the Deputy Scribe be 
 desired to notify all members that they must subscribe to 
 the same in their own handwriting by October, or they 
 will not after that time be considered members of the 
 Chapter." 
 
 These By-laws were duly recorded in a special book still 
 in possession of the Chapter. 
 
 The provisions of these By-laws are peculiar. As will 
 be seen, some of the provisions are iron-clad and were 
 probably not enforced on all occasions. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 35 
 
 BY-LAWS OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Article I. 
 
 The regular night of meeting of this Chapter shall be the 
 second Wednesday in every month, and at such other times 
 as the M. E. H. P. shall, for the benefit of the Chapter, think 
 proper; that from the first of October till the first of March 
 the hour of meeting be at 6 o'clock, and the remaining months 
 at 7 o'clock. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 Every Companion shall observe the strictest decorum while 
 the Chapter is engaged, and, that, in default of this observ- 
 ance he conduct himself in a reprehensible and Anti-Masonic 
 manner, it shall be the duty of the High Priest to call him to 
 order or reprove him in what manner he may think proper ; if 
 he still persist in the improper conduct he shall be expelled 
 for the evening and be at the mercy of the Chapter for his re- 
 admission. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 Every Companion of this Chapter shall appear in the Mark 
 Master Masons lodge with the Mark of Distinction apper- 
 taining to that degree of Masonry, and in a Royal Arch Chap- 
 ter with the several badges of his Order — and that in a de- 
 termined omission of this order he shall not be allowed to 
 perform the duties of a Royal Arch Mason in the Chapter. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 No member shall be permitted to rise and speak more than 
 twice on one subject without permission of the presiding 
 officer. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 No Brother shall be permitted to visit more than once, ex- 
 cept he be a sojourner or member of some regular Chapter 
 in the United States. 
 
36 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 Any Brother applying for initiation or as an adjoining mem- 
 ber shall be regularly proposed and seconded on the one night 
 of meeting, and the name of the candidate so proposed shall 
 be, by the Secretary, handed to the Standing Committee who, 
 having favorably reported of him — shall be balloted for on 
 the next night, and two black balls shall exclude his admission ; 
 it, however, shall be discretionary with the presiding officer to 
 send the ballots round again to ascertain if the black balls were 
 put in through mistake — should he be admitted he shall pay 
 on the night of his exaltation or admission the necessary fees 
 or, upon inability to do so, he shall give a promissory note to 
 the secretary for the amount, but not to exceed in time three 
 months after his admission. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 All committees not exceeding three shall be appointed by the 
 presiding officer. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 The Standing Committee shall be appointed at the annual 
 election of officers, and shall consist of five persons whose duty 
 shall be to scrupulously inquire into the character, abilities, and 
 profession of all candidates for exaltation in the Chapter, and 
 to make faithful reports of the same in writing. Such can- 
 didate or candidates shall not be balloted for till the report 
 of the Committee shall have been read to and considered by 
 the Chapter. It shall be their further duty to inspect the 
 books of the Treasurer and Secretary, to supervise the finances, 
 to report the state of the funds half yearly, to superintend the 
 necessary preparations for the meeting of the Chapter and to 
 observe that the Tyler keep the room clean and in good order, 
 a report signed by three of said committee shall be considered 
 sufficient. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 3; 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 No Past High Priest shall be elected to the office of High 
 Priest to preside over the Chapter, nor shall a Companion be 
 elected to the functions of High Priest more than two con- 
 secutive years. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a regular list of 
 the members and minutes of all the transactions of this Chapter 
 which are proper to be committed to writing — that he shall 
 collect all moneys due the Chapter and pay the same into the 
 hands of the Treasurer, that he shall transmit a written notifi- 
 cation to every newly admitted Companion respectfully re- 
 questing his "attendance at the next meeting of the Chapter, 
 and that he shall send a written notice of the night of meeting 
 to every Companion. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Scribe of the Chapter to super- 
 intend all the minutes and vouchers of the Secretary, and to 
 aid and assist him in his office if requested. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 The Treasurer shall receive from the Secretary all moneys 
 collected by him on account of the Chapter, he shall keep exact 
 accounts of the same and duly pay all orders drawn upon him 
 by the authority of the Chapter; he shall keep regular entries 
 both of receipts and disbursements, and have his books and 
 vouchers always ready for examination when called upon for 
 that purpose by the authority of the Chapter. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Tyler — who must be correct in 
 his principles and of unimpeachable character — to keep the 
 Chapter and rooms appertaining to it in good order, and to 
 
38 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 make every necessary preparation for the meeting of the Chap- 
 ter; he shall be peculiarly careful not to admit any person — 
 even a member, without the consent of the presiding officer, 
 and that it shall be his position and indispensable duty to pre- 
 vent the admission of any companion into the Chapter that may 
 appear in a state of inebriation — he shall regularly serve all 
 summonses immediately on receiving them from the Secretary, 
 to the Companion they may be directed to — that the said Tyler 
 shall be paid one dollar per night for Tyling the Chapter and 
 serving its summonses, and also one dollar for every Compan- 
 ion that shall be exalted in the Chapter, and fifty cents for every 
 adjoining member. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 Each Companion shall subscribe twenty-five cents per month 
 to defray the necessary expenses of the Chapter, and twelve and 
 one-half cents per quarter as Grand Chapter dues ; that a ma- 
 jority of Companions present on regular night of meeting can 
 relinquish the payment of the above dues, save those of the 
 Grand Chapter, and that in the same manner the payment can 
 be again instituted when found necessary. 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 The foregoing Article shall not affect members residing in 
 the country or being distant above seven miles from the Chap- 
 ter; they shall be bound to pay the Grand Chapter dues only. 
 
 Article XVI. 
 
 Persons exalted in the Chapter on an extra night of meet- 
 ing shall be considered as members equally with those exalted 
 on a regular night. 
 
 Article XVII. 
 
 A default of the payment of dues for three months (unless 
 a reasonable excuse be offered) shall prevent a companion en- 
 joying the rights and privileges appertaining to this Chapter. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 39 
 
 Article XVIII. 
 
 Any Companion intending to withdraw himself from the 
 Chapter and requesting a certificate shall pay three dollars for 
 the same to the Secretary on delivery, he must also send in his 
 written resignation addressed to the Secretary, or, notwith- 
 standing his absence, he will be considered as a member of the 
 Chapter. 
 
 Article XIX. 
 
 The High Priest, Past High Priests, and Secretary shall be 
 exempt from all dues, those to the Grand Chapter excepted. 
 
 Article XX. 
 
 The following are the fees that shall be paid by candidates 
 admitted as members of this Chapter, viz.: for the four de- 
 grees of Mark Master, Excellent Master, Most Excellent Mas- 
 ter, and Royal Arch Mason twenty dollars ; for the three de- 
 grees of Excellent Master, Most Excellent Master, and Royal 
 Arch, sixteen dollars; for the two degrees of Most Excellent 
 Master and Royal Arch, twelve dollars and fifty cents. This 
 last, however, not to extend further than to Masters of lodges 
 or Past Masters who have regularly presided — for adjoining 
 members the fee of admission shall be five dollars. 
 
 Article XXI. 
 
 These By-laws, Rules, and Regulations, when ratified and 
 confirmed by the Chapter, shall be binding on the same, and 
 the making, altering, or rescinding any by-law, rule, or regu- 
 lation shall be after the following manner: A written propo- 
 sition for any order or regulation or any alteration in or for 
 the rescinding of any existing order or regulation shall be 
 presented to the Secretary by the Companion on a regular night 
 of meeting, which proposition shall be immediately read and 
 then to lie over till the next regular night of meeting for the 
 consideration of the members then present, a majority of whom 
 shall decide on its acceptance or rejection. 
 
40 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 It will be seen by these By-laws that the hours for as- 
 sembling have been greatly changed in these latter days. 
 Six o'clock now would be a most inopportune hour to open 
 a Masonic Assembly. But in those days, with dinner a 
 mid-day meal, tea at five o'clock, and the Chapter room 
 within short walking distance of the residences of nearly 
 all the members, it was no doubt a convenient hour; fur- 
 thermore, it was much more unseemly then than now for 
 the brethren to be seen coming from a lodge meeting in 
 the " wee sma' hours " of the morning, and " early to bed 
 and early to rise " was a maxim faithfully lived up to. A 
 facsimile of the form of notice and the style of a member- 
 ship certificate referred to in the By-laws is herewith 
 shown. 
 
 A great deal of work was accomplished the last year of 
 Companion Lownds's reign. Fourteen regular meetings 
 were held. There are also the records of eighteen extra 
 meetings. Companion Lownds would call an " Extra " 
 whenever the spirit moved him to do so. The regular 
 officers, other than himself, rarely attended these extra 
 meetings. Many members were added to the rolls, but 
 they were railroaded through the Chapter in true " rapid 
 transit " style. Oftentimes they were proposed, balloted 
 for, and received all the degrees at one session. 
 
 Companion Lownds, our fifth High Priest, was a remarkable 
 man in many respects. There is no disputing the fact that he 
 was a man of great energy and resources. He was an accom- 
 plished ritualist in all branches of Freemasonry, but it is ques- 
 tionable if his activities were altogether unselfish. Like Micaw- 
 ber, he was always " waiting for something to turn up," but, 
 unlike that mercurial gentleman, he generally got what he 
 wanted and in large slices. He was a Past Master and Treas- 
 urer of Washington Lodge, No. 21, and was somewhat active 
 
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 iiiiii 
 
 Reproduction of Notice of Meetings. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 41 
 
 in the Grand Lodge. At one time he was appointed on a com- 
 mittee of the Grand Lodge to visit Lodges and endeavor to 
 produce a uniformity in the work. He was also a Grand 
 Visitor of the Grand Lodge, but it was in the higher degrees 
 that he shone the brightest. In Chapter, Council, and En- 
 campment he was very efficient as a worker in conferring the 
 degrees and orders. 
 
 To Companion Lownds is due the establishment of the Cryp- 
 tic Rite in this State. In some way he became the owner of 
 the Royal Master's Degree of that Rite. He established Colum- 
 bian Council, No. i, which acted as the Grand Council for this 
 degree, and which in time was succeeded by the present Grand 
 Council, R. & S. M., of the State of New York. He was 
 especially active in Templarism. He was the first Commander 
 of Columbian Commandery, No. i, in 1810; served in that 
 capacity until 1820; was elected Grand Warder of the Grand 
 Commandery in 1818; and Deputy Grand Master in 1819- 
 20-21-22; DeWitt Clinton being at the time Grand Master. 
 He was also General Grand Warder of the Grand Encamp- 
 ment. 
 
 But it was in Royal Arch Masonry he attained the greatest 
 prominence. By a provision of the new By-laws of the Chap- 
 ter he could not be re-elected High Priest for 1809, but he had 
 aspirations for Grand Chapter honors and induced the Chap- 
 ter to appoint him its proxy for the annual session of the 
 Grand Chapter held in February, 1809. He failed to receive 
 the desired honors until 1812, when he was elected D. G. 
 H. P. On his retirement from the office of High Priest of 
 Jerusalem Chapter, he was presented with a handsome jewel. 
 Nevertheless the storm which had been gathering during the 
 last year of his administration soon after broke, when it was 
 found by a committee appointed for the purpose, that there 
 was a shortage in the funds, and he having received all 
 the money was asked to explain. He presented an account 
 setting forth that the Chapter owed him over three hundred 
 dollars. He did not give a definite account of his expenditures, 
 and observing that the feelings of the Companions were taking 
 
42 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 an adverse turn, he with several other Companions resigned, 
 and immediately made application for a recommendation to 
 the Grand Chapter to form a new Chapter, to be known as Mt. 
 Zion, which was granted. This was on April 12, 1809. 
 
 The following year he appeared at the Chapter and re- 
 quested a recommendation to form another Chapter, to be 
 known as Columbian ; this was also granted. As already stated, 
 he was elected Deputy Grand High Priest of the Grand Chap- 
 ter in 1812. He visited Jerusalem Chapter that year and made 
 a report of the proceedings of the Grand Chapter with reference 
 to Mark Lodges. In 1813 he was re-elected D. G. H. P. and 
 installed the officers of Jerusalem Chapter. In 1814 he was 
 again elected D. G. H. P., and Jerusalem Chapter being in need 
 of a Tyler, Companion Lownds applied for the position and re- 
 ceived the appointment. One office gave him high honor, and 
 the other the largest emolument of any office in the Fraternity. 
 The Tyler received a stated amount for each meeting, and 
 one dollar for every candidate exalted. 
 
 Companion Lownds failed of reaching a higher office in the 
 Grand Chapter, but he retained the tylership of Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter for four years. It has been claimed that Companion Lownds 
 rejoined Jerusalem Chapter, but this is incorrect, although 
 he frequently presided over it as High Priest pro tern. In 
 August, 1812, he was presented as the M. E. H. P. of Eagle 
 Chapter. He was the High Priest of Eagle Chapter as late 
 as 1820. He represented Fredonian Chapter at the Grand 
 Chapter in 1814. He was Grand Visitor of the Grand Chap- 
 ter from 18 13 to 1820. The last mention of Companion 
 Lownds's name appears in the records of May, 1823, when a 
 committee was appointed to wait upon him and make inquiry 
 about a stove and a Bible belonging to the Chapter. When he 
 joined the Chapter he was engaged in the grocery business at 
 No. 158 Greenwich Street. He was living as late as 1825, and 
 was at that time keeper of the City Jail. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 1809 
 
 Thomas Sketchley, High Priest 
 
 Considerable activity was displayed this year. Eleven 
 regular and thirteen extra meetings were held. 
 
 It had been the custom, in fact a provision of the By- 
 laws permitted the same, to allow candidates to give their 
 promissory notes for exaltation fees. Such flagrant abuse 
 had been made of this privilege, it was found that over 
 seven hundred dollars worth of these notes were held 
 against the members. A motion was therefore made at 
 the February meeting to amend Article VI. of the By- 
 laws, which authorized the Secretary to receive promis- 
 sory notes from candidates for their exaltation fees, " that 
 it be and the same is hereby rescinded." It was also re- 
 solved " that the report of the Standing Committee re- 
 specting the state of the funds, and the appointment of a 
 Companion to collect the monies due the Chapter, passed 
 at the last meeting, be reconsidered, and that a special 
 committee be appointed to investigate the expenditures of 
 the Chapter for the last year and ascertain if any monies, 
 and to what amount, have been paid without being regu- 
 larly passed by the Chapter, and that they receive all notes 
 belonging to the Chapter, etc." This resolution resulted 
 in the contention with Companion Lownds whereby he 
 withdrew from the Chapter. As already stated, there was 
 a wholesale withdrawal of members which was not detri- 
 mental to the best interests of the Chapter. At the 
 
 43 
 
44 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 August meeting it was voted " to return the following 
 property to M. E. Companion Lownds, viz. : 12 Candle- 
 sticks, I Key Stone, 3 Squares, 2 Chisels, i Maul. & i 
 R. A. Cap." 
 
 The minutes for the first three months of 1809 were 
 recorded by Companion Sitcher (not Stitcher, as printed 
 in the last edition of the By-laws). He resigned early in 
 the spring, and Companion George Clarke was elected 
 Secretary for the unexpired term. A reprint of Com- 
 panion Clarke's minutes would be highly amusing to the 
 reader. Here are one or two specimens : " the Commit- 
 tee reported on Companion Rogers bill for rent and sperets 
 £17 8.y. Resolved that it be paide according to the re- 
 porte." After the officers had been elected for 1810 he 
 made this record : " The M. E. H. P. Then enstauled the 
 officers in that truly Hansome and Masonic manner that 
 will rank among the Greatest of Princes." 
 
 John P. Roome, a prominent city official for many years, 
 was exalted this year. 
 
 Companion Sketchley, the sixth in line of succession to the 
 office of High Priest, was exalted in 1806. He hailed from 
 Adelphi Lodge, No. 23, of which he was at one time Master. 
 He was Principal Sojourner in 1807. He was installed High 
 Priest, December 18, 1808. The minutes say, " The High 
 Priest elect was for the first time clothed in his robes and con- 
 ducted to the solemn Sanctuary." 
 
 Companion Sketchley was a school teacher, and lived at No. 
 281 Broadway. He was doubtless a good ritualist, and did the 
 work impressively, for he was appointed Grand Visitor of the 
 Grand Chapter in 1809. Notwithstanding, he was persona non 
 grata with the Companions of his Chapter as well as his Lodge, 
 and resolutions which had been adopted to present him with 
 a jewel were expunged, and he requested his name to be erased 
 from the list of members in 1810. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 1810 
 
 Benjamin C. Stevenson, High Priest 
 
 The members made a great mistake in electing Com- 
 panion Stevenson to preside over the Chapter. He was 
 totally unfit for the position. Consequently, the interest 
 of the members flagged; few meetings were held, and lit- 
 tle work was done. No meetings were held from August 
 to November. 
 
 The Chapter was represented at the Grand Chapter by 
 Companion W. T. Hunter. At this session of the Grand 
 Chapter, M.\E.-. Companion Lownds presented a report 
 which was commendatory of Companion Sketchley in the 
 latter's work as Grand Visitor. 
 
 Companion Stevenson was a charter member of the Chap- 
 ter. He served as Master of the First Vail, Royal Arch Cap- 
 tain, and Secretary. After his election as High Priest he 
 attended two meetings of the Chapter, and failed to put in an 
 appearance again until a committee was appointed in May 
 to wait on him, and ascertain his reasons for failing to fill the 
 position to which he had been elected. His excuse was that 
 his business — he was a mariner — had prevented him. He 
 promised to attend regularly after that night. Companion 
 Stevenson belonged to that class of brethren who are anxious 
 for the honor but unwilling to do the work incident to the 
 office of High Priest. There will always be found such. 
 
 45 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 1811 
 
 George Weir, High Priest 
 
 There were twenty-four regular and extra meetings, 
 which kept the Chapter busy. The Chapter adopted the 
 bad practice of holding Sunday meetings. 
 
 This was continued for many years, not only by our 
 Chapter, but nearly all Lodges and Chapters maintained 
 the practice until the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter 
 put a stop to the unholy procedure. At the September 
 meeting " a chest was ordered to be purchased for the 
 purpose of holding the books, papers, etc." This chest is 
 still in our possession and used by the Sentinel for the 
 storage of old books, etc. 
 
 Companion Weir was a man of great probity and upright- 
 ness of character, and highly esteemed by his Companions. 
 He was exalted February 5, 1800. He hailed from St. Andrew's 
 Lodge, at that time one of the leading Lodges of the city. He 
 was a Past Master of that Lodge. He was Captain of the Host 
 in 1804 and 1805, and accepted the office of Master of the First 
 Vail in 1806. He was elected King in 1807 and again in 1810. 
 He accepted an election as Master of the Third Vail in 1813, 
 and died in September of the same year. The Chapter adopted 
 the following resolutions on his death: 
 
 " Resolved, That the members of this Chapter entertain a 
 high sense of the merits of our lately deceased M. E. Compan- 
 ion and P. H. P. George Weir. That while we bow with sub- 
 
 46 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 47 
 
 mission to the will of the Supreme Dispenser of Events, we 
 lament the bereavement of our beloved Companion, as a loss 
 to the fraternity, to his friends, and to society in general, to 
 all of which he was endeared by his engaging manners and 
 amiable qualities, and that we wish to console them with the 
 hope of his immortal soul being in happiness with his Maker." 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 1812 
 
 Joel Hart, M.D., High Priest 
 
 Dr. Joel Hart was elected High Priest at the annual 
 meeting in December, 181 1, and entered upon a year of 
 great activity and prosperity. No less than thirty-four 
 meetings were held. At the annual meeting of 181 1 
 " Bro. Friday proposed for exaltation Bro. John Oxy of 
 Hiram Lodge " — ^this was undoubtedly John Hoxie, whose 
 name was correctly recorded in the minutes of subsequent 
 meetings. He was elected Secretary in 1813. The name 
 of this Companion is spelled in several places " Hoxy," 
 but never " Oxy," except in this one instance. 
 
 The name " Hoxie " is a familiar one in the annals of 
 Jerusalem Chapter, as many of the Companions know. 
 
 A Companion by the name of Jacques was elected Sec- 
 retary for this year, but, finding the duties of that ofi&ce too 
 arduous, resigned at the March meeting, and Companion 
 James Herring, Sr., was elected to fill the unexpired term. 
 
 Companion Herring proved to be a model secretary. 
 Being an Englishman, he found it difficult to enumerate 
 in dollars and cents, and did so in pounds, shillings, and 
 pence. Up to this time the Chapter had had twelve regu- 
 larly elected secretaries, besides five or six who had filled 
 unexpired terms. There was no salary paid to this officer 
 at the time, which may account for the difficulty of filling 
 the position. 
 
 A curious motion was adopted at one of the meetings 
 
 48 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 49 
 
 held this year, whereby " each member of a Committee 
 appointed by this Chapter be allowed twenty-five cents for 
 each meeting when on business of the Chapter." 
 
 The Secretary was not held in such strict accountability 
 in collecting the initiation fees as in these days. At a 
 meeting held in June, 1812, it was resolved, " that the 
 Secretary be instructed to wait upon a companion and re- 
 quest the payment of his exaltation fee, at the same time, 
 in case of refusal, to set forth the heinousness of his crime 
 and inform him that it is the determination of the Chap- 
 ter not only to exclude him from the benefits of Masonry, 
 but also to publish his conduct and his delinquency to 
 the World," but, notwithstanding a good deal of con- 
 tumacy on the brother's part in many unsatisfactory in- 
 terviews with a committee afterward appointed. Masonic 
 charity prevailed, and the brother was given a further 
 chance, even though, as the minutes say, " it be at the 
 eleventh hour." The result was a final apology by the 
 brother and the payment of his fee. 
 
 Companion Hart lived at No. 176 Pearl Street. He was 
 the first professional man to preside over the Chapter. He 
 was exalted in 1807, and previous to his election as High 
 Priest had filled but one office, viz.: that of Secretary or 
 Deputy Scribe. That he was a man of ability is evinced by 
 his election to the office of D. G. H. P. of the Grand Chap- 
 ter in 181 5, and his re-election to the same office in 1816. He 
 served one year only as High Priest of the Chapter, and the 
 following year was elected Master of the Second Vail. In 
 1814 he was elected Captain of the Host, and Scribe in 1815. 
 
 In 1817 Companion Hart was appointed U. S. Consul to 
 Scotland. Previous to this, and while D. G. H. P., he granted 
 a Dispensation to several Royal Arch Masons to form a Chap- 
 ter — to be known as Eagle Chapter — in New York City, and 
 received the usual fee. This fee he turned over to a Compan- 
 
50 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ion — not of Jerusalem Chapter — with the request that he pay 
 the same over to the Grand Chapter. The Companion failed to 
 do so, which failure placed Companion Hart in bad repute with 
 the Grand Chapter for several years, until after his return to 
 this country, when the matter was explained by him and the 
 explanation accepted by the Grand Body. There is no record 
 of his death or withdrawal. 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 
 1813-1814 
 
 William Shippy, High Priest 
 
 The first year of Companion Shippy's administration 
 was actively spent. Twenty-six meetings were held. A 
 brother by the name of James Douglass, son of John 
 Douglass, a charter member and the first Treasurer of the 
 Chapter, was exalted at the August meeting, and it was 
 voted that the amount of his exaltation fee be charged to 
 his father's estate, if found to be due. In other words, the 
 Chapter owing the estate of John Douglass a considerable 
 sum, it was proposed to admit his son to membership, his 
 fee to be charged against that debt, providing it was 
 found that there was anything due the son James from 
 the estate. Apparently it was not clear to the members 
 that the Chapter owed the estate of John Douglass any- 
 thing, and a committee was appointed to ascertain if such 
 was the fact, but James Douglass was exalted without 
 waiting for a report of the committee. 
 
 The early minutes failed to note by name those in at- 
 tendance at the various meetings, but human nature was 
 much the same as now, and many of the members failed 
 to attend regularly. At the March meeting in 18 14 a 
 motion was adopted which inflicted a penalty on those re- 
 siding within seven miles of the city who failed to attend 
 for six months in succession, the penalty for which was 
 that their membership cease, unless said members assign 
 good and sufficient reasons. 
 
 51 
 
52 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 On May ii, 1814, this motion was adopted unani- 
 mously " that in consequence of the violent and anti- 
 Masonic proceedings of the Trustees of St. John's Hall the 
 Chapter Room in that building has been entirely stripped 
 of its furniture and thereby rendered unfit for Royal Arch 
 Masons to congregate in, Jerusalem Chapter will no longer 
 hold its meetings at St. John's Hall, and the Chapter will 
 meet in the future at Masonic Hall, No. 55 Nassau Street." 
 The rent of the room there was $60 per annum. 
 
 At the April meeting, for some reason not stated. Com- 
 panion Amos Curtis, Scribe; Jacob Friday, Treasurer; and 
 George W. Hyer, Secretary, resigned. Their reason may 
 have been that Companion Lownds had been appointed 
 Tyler, and was to be allowed, in addition to other per- 
 quisites, a commission of ten per cent, on the collection 
 of all dues. This action of the Chapter with reference to 
 the collection of dues was undoubtedly taken with the 
 idea that the Chapter would thereby be placed in good 
 financial condition. It did not avail however, for in the 
 autumn of this year the Chapter found itself in hard straits, 
 and it became necessary to ask the loan of $2 from each 
 member to extricate it from the debt with which it was 
 burdened. 
 
 Joseph Cerneau, founder of the Cerneau rite of A. A. 
 S. R. Masonry, visited the Chapter in April and acted as 
 Senior Warden pro tern. 
 
 The times were hard when Companion Shippy presided over 
 Jerusalem Chapter; the war of the United States with Eng- 
 land had severely aflfected business here in New York, and 
 more attention was being paid by its citizens toward recuperat- 
 ing their finances than to anything in the way of social func- 
 tions or fraternal associations. Companion Shippy was active 
 in the work of the Chapter, faithful to his duties, and generally 
 esteemed by the members. Previous to his election as High 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 53 
 
 Priest he had served as Secretary, Scribe, and King. His 
 business was that of auctioneer ; his shop was located at No. 50 
 Front Street. He moved to New Jersey in October, 1814, and 
 was therefore obliged to resign his office. The Grand Chapter 
 at that time allowed resignations from the office of High 
 Priest. Companion Shippy's resignation was accepted with 
 deep regret. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 i8is 
 
 James Herring, Sr., High Priest 
 
 The aggressive character of James Herring, Sr., in- 
 stilled new life into the Chapter, and great activity pre- 
 vailed this year, and yet the Chapter was approaching the 
 most disastrous period in its existence. Perhaps one of 
 the causes which led up to this was the practice of hold- 
 ing meetings on Sunday, but the most potent was the 
 extravagant and unbusiness-like methods which prevailed. 
 
 Thomas Lownds, late D. G. H. P., was elected " Cen- 
 tinel " of the Chapter; this was the first time that that title 
 was given to the Tyler. Companion Lownds continued to 
 handle the greater part of the money received, and on May 
 loth he presented a bill for " Tyling, Candles, Incense &c 
 for £52 14s. 6d.," against which he credited the Chapter 
 with £34 i8s. 6d. — for what, he did not state, but probably 
 for dues collected. Again, on August 9th, he presented an- 
 other bill for £38 4s. 6d. This bill was referred to a com- 
 mittee, which found the items correct, but reported that the 
 amount of the bill should be only $67.99, about $30 less 
 than claimed by Companion Lownds. 
 
 Companion Herring was a man of strong personality, but 
 for some reason was not popular with his Companions, and 
 failed of a re-election at the annual meeting in 1815. 
 
 He was an Englishman and came to this country in 1805. 
 He established himself in business as a brewer. He was ex- 
 
 S4 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 55 
 
 alted in Jerusalem Chapter in 1812, and at once took an active 
 part in the work. He filled the unexpired term of Companion 
 Jacques as Secretary in 1812 ; was elected Scribe in 1813, and 
 King in 1814. Whatever the opposition was to his re-election 
 as High Priest for 1816, he overcame it the following year, and 
 was again elected to preside over the Chapter for 1817. In 
 the list of High Priests, compiled by a former Secretary, Com- 
 panion Herring is credited as High Priest for the subsequent 
 three years, viz.: 1818-19-20. There is no authority for this; 
 neither is it correct to credit him with being High Priest again 
 in 1837 and 1838, as stated in the last issue of the By-laws. 
 Companion James Herring, Sr., became persona noh grata 
 with the members of the Chapter soon after his retirement from 
 his second term. He owed the Chapter forty dollars, which 
 he could not or would not pay and was later suspended. After 
 a time he was restored to membership on partial payment 
 being made. There is no record of his death or withdrawal 
 from the Chapter. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 1816 
 
 George W. Hyer, High Priest 
 
 The Chapter began its work this year most unpro- 
 pitiously. A brother by the name of WilHam Osborn, 
 from Companion Herring's Lodge — Mt. Moriah, No. 132 
 — was exalted, and immediately elected Secretary. This 
 Companion adopted the practice of recording his minutes 
 in a small hand-book. The first meeting recorded for 18 16 
 was one held July 29th. The records of this meeting state 
 that Brother James Herring, Jr., who had formerly been 
 proposed for exaltation, was balloted for and elected. At 
 the next meeting. Brother Thomas Kinch, of whom more 
 will be learned hereafter, was elected to membership. The 
 minutes of only two of the meetings held this year were 
 signed by Companion Osborn. Some are unsigned. One 
 is signed by Companion James Herring, Jr., and is prob- 
 ably the first signature to the minutes of a Masonic body 
 made by this Companion, who afterward became famous 
 as the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of the State 
 of New York. 
 
 Companion James Herring, Jr., however, did not re- 
 ceive his Royal Arch Degree until January 3, 18 17, and 
 then at a Sunday meeting. 
 
 56 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 57 
 
 Companion Hyer, who presided over the Chapter in 18 16, 
 was a poor administrator, although prominent in Masonic cir- 
 cles. His business was that of a grocer at No. 6 George Street. 
 He was a Past Master of Mt. Moriah Lodge. 
 
 He was elected Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge in 1827. 
 
 He was Secretary of the Chapter in 1814, and Treasurer 
 in 1817. 
 
 There is no record of his death or withdrawal from the 
 Chapter. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 1817 
 
 James Herring, Sr., High Priest 
 
 The annual meeting- held in 1816 was a peculiar one. 
 The High Priest was absent, and Companion Herring pre- 
 sided and announced his own election. Companion Thad- 
 deus Whitlock was elected King, and Companion Osborn, 
 perhaps as a reward for his efficient(?) services as Secre- 
 tary, was elected Scribe. Companion Augustus Harbeck 
 was elected Secretary and proved to be a greater failure 
 in that office than Osborn, who preceded him. The min- 
 utes for this year are recorded up to and including a meet- 
 ing held Sunday, March i6th. From that time on to 
 1820, with one exception, there are no minutes on record, 
 and if it were not for the old ledgers and account books, 
 which contain sufficient data to throw some light on the 
 doings of the Chapter, all that was done during those two 
 or three years would be a blank. 
 
 Companion John Utt, who was Secretary in 1822, has 
 written in one of the minute-books as follows: 
 
 " The following are exact copies of the minutes of Jerusalem 
 Chapter, No. 8, taken from two small books from the second 
 of October 1816 until 1820, by different Secretaries during 
 that time, and under the administration of different High 
 Priests of said Chapter now copied by Companion John Utt, 
 begun May 1822." 
 
 58 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 59 
 
 He then proceeds in a style of chirography similar to 
 that of the late Horace Greeley to copy the minutes of 
 two meetings which had already been written in by for- 
 mer secretaries acting as such pro tern., when his courage 
 or his penmanship gave out, and the minutes for those 
 years, with the above exceptions, were lost forever to the 
 Chapter. Companion Utt was taken ill soon after this and 
 died the same year. It is more than likely that the two 
 small books referred to by Companion Utt were lost at 
 his death, for in 1828 a Mrs. Meserve, widow of a Com- 
 panion, appUed to the Chapter for relief, but as some 
 Companion expressed the belief that said Companion had 
 been expelled, it was decided to look up the matter. The 
 committee reported they could not find the volume not- 
 ing such suspension. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 1818 
 
 Probably it will never be known who was the High 
 Priest of Jerusalem Chapter in 1818. It is doubtful if 
 Companion Herring was re-elected, for he owed the Chap- 
 ter a considerable sum of money, and was not in favor with 
 the members. 
 
 Companion Whitlock, the King for 1817, would have 
 been the logical candidate if Companion Herring was not 
 re-elected, but there is nothing that gives the stamp of 
 probability to such a claim. Companion Whitlock was 
 Treasurer in 1819, but he was never referred to as a M. E. 
 Companion until his election as High Priest in 1822. The 
 only other office of which there is a record for 1818 is that 
 of Tyler, filled by Companion John Utt. 
 
 The failure of the officers to perform their duties and 
 their lack of foresight to do whatever was necessary to 
 perpetuate the regular and systematic work which thus 
 far had obtained are unaccountable, and yet there may have 
 been extenuating circumstances. The business of the city 
 was at this time almost in a state of paralysis. A great 
 commercial crisis had lasted for nearly two years, which 
 occasioned many failures and much suffering. Some of 
 the officers may have been involved so severely that the 
 business of the Chapter was overlooked. That the meet- 
 ings were not entirely suspended is due to a few faithful 
 Companions, of whose kind the Chapter has ever had 
 enough to keep its lifeblood flowing. 
 
 60 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 6 1 
 
 Under the date September 23, 1818, is the following 
 brief inventory, written on the fly-leaf of the old ledger, 
 viz.: "Amt. of Dresses, 12 in number & six sashes, two 
 Dozen and nine aprons and two Leather. Three Cirplusses, 
 14 Brass candlesticks." 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 1819 
 
 . Thomas Kinch, High Priest 
 
 The last issue of the By-laws credits the office of High 
 Priest for this year with the name of M. E. Companion 
 Thomas Lownds. This is an error, for there is nothing 
 that leads to the belief that Companion Lownds ever joined 
 the Chapter a second time. It is true a loose leaf was re- 
 cently discovered among the archives of the Chapter, con- 
 taining the minutes of a meeting held this year, which state 
 that M..E. '.Companion Lownds presided as High Priest. 
 This he did frequently, before and after this year. All there 
 is of this leaf follows: 
 
 " At a regular meeting of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, R. A. 
 M., held at St. John's Hall, present: 
 
 " Thomas Lowndes, M. E. H. P., 
 
 " Thomas Kinch, M. E. K., and a number of Companions. 
 
 " Duly convened, the Chapter was opened in the M. E. Mas- 
 ter's Degree. EfKngham Beaman received the degree of M. E. 
 M. Chapter closed and reopened in the R. A. Degree. Comp. 
 Beaman was admitted and exalted to the Sublime Degree of 
 a Royal Arch Mason. 
 
 " The minutes of our last Regular read and approved. 
 
 " The special letter having not been served upon Seixas 
 Nathan his case was postponed until our next Regular. 
 
 " No further business appearing the Chapter closed in har- 
 mony. 
 
 W. F. Piatt, 
 
 D. S. P. T." 
 
 62 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 63 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 " Committee appointed to wait on the widow Duryee beg 
 leave to report that she has been waited on and in the opinion 
 of your Committee found worthy and in want. They accord- 
 ingly, in compliance with the resolution of our last regular, 
 presented her with $5.00." 
 
 " Signed, Christian Truss, 
 
 Charles N. Baldwin." 
 
 Companion Piatt was a member of Jerusalem Chapter. 
 He later joined Phoenix Chapter and was its High Priest 
 for a number of years. Piatt Lodge, No. 194, was named 
 after him. He was Grand Master of R. S. and M. and 
 Grand Commander of K. T. of New York. 
 
 Companion Charles N. Baldwin was present at the 
 Grand Chapter in 1819 as the representative of the Chap- 
 ter, but he was never referred to as a M.-.E.-. Companion. 
 
 The proof that Companion Eanch was High Priest this 
 year is found on page 83 of the old ledger, in Companion 
 John Utt's handwriting, as follows : 
 
 " 1819. Companion Arno paid his Chapter and Grand 
 Chapter dues in full up to the 9th of December, 1818, $2.00." 
 
 " N. B. Companion Arno paid his dues in the Chapter 
 Room to Companion Kinch, the M. E. H. P., not to Companion 
 Utt." 
 
 For some reason Companion Utt deemed it advisable 
 to make this entry to show that the High Priest and not 
 the Tyler had received these dues from Companion Arno. 
 
 Companion Utt was Tyler in 1818 and 18 19, and the 
 following account which he rendered is amusing as a speci- 
 men of bookkeeping: 
 
64 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 New York, July 20, 1819. 
 
 Received from Companions $51.00 
 
 N. B. Charged myself with seventy-five cents more 
 than I had received which must be deducted from 
 Companion Riley's account -75 
 
 $50.25 
 Balance due Comp. Utt 1-75 
 
 $52.00 
 Settled with the Standing Committee the 20th of July, 1819, 
 
 as follows: 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, to John Utt, Dr., for Tiling, 
 serving summons, &c $32.00 
 
 Cash paid for plate for simimons, to Mr. Lansing. ... 15.00 
 
 Companion's ten Per cent, for collecting fifty Dollars. . 5.00 
 
 $52.00 
 
 For proof that Companion Whitlock was Treasurer for 
 these two or three years there is the following entry by 
 Companion Utt in the old ledger: " N. B. My Last Set- 
 tlement with T. Whitlock, Treasurer, was to the nth of 
 October, 1820, $28.00." 
 
 There is no record on the books of a Companion named 
 Effingham Beeman. No doubt the above minutes refer 
 to Ephraim Beeman, who joined the Chapter at about this 
 time. 
 
 There is little to record of Companion Kinch. Early in 1821 
 he was suspended and was reported to the Grand Chapter " for 
 holding in his hands the Chapter money and leaving the city 
 without accounting for the same." No wonder Companion 
 Utt wished to have it go on record when Companion Kinch 
 received money, that it was not paid to himself. His business 
 consisted of selling groceries at No. 540 Pearl Street. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 1820 
 
 Charles Woollen, High Priest 
 
 The first recorded meeting for 1820 was held August 
 2d. It was an " extra " meeting, and was held in St. 
 John's Hall, and was presided over by Companion Truss, 
 High Priest pro tern. The only business transacted was 
 the presentation of the name of Brother Patrick Mott of 
 Morton Lodge, No. 63, for membership. The next meet- 
 ing was held August 23d, when another brother was pro- 
 posed. A regular meeting was held September 23d and 
 was presided over by Thomas Lownds as High Priest pro 
 tern., when all the degrees were conferred upon the several 
 brethren previously proposed. 
 
 Thirteen regular and special meetings are recorded for 
 the last half of the year. 
 
 A good deal of mystery surrounds the record of Companion 
 Woollen, the High Priest for 1820. There is no record on 
 the minutes of his election to this or any other office. The 
 information that he was the High Priest of Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter this year was obtained from the City Directory. As already 
 stated elsewhere in this volume it was once the custom for 
 the various Masonic bodies to publish their cards in the City 
 Directory. This method continued for twelve or fifteen years 
 after the first directory was issued, but ceased in the early 
 years of the present century. The year 1820 proved an ex- 
 ception, and the cards of all or nearly all of the various Lodges 
 and Chapters appear in the issue of that year. The card in- 
 
 65 
 
66 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 serted by Jerusalem Chapter contains the following list of 
 officers, viz. : Charles Woollen, H. P. ; Christian Truss, K. ; 
 Charles N. Baldwin, S. ; W. F. Piatt, C. of H. ; Edward Riley, 
 P. S. ; E. Beeman, R. A. C. ; Ed. G. Wilson, C. of 3 V. ; John 
 J. Gantz, C. of 2 V. ; Daniel Wright, C. of i V. ; T. Whitlock, 
 Sec. ; Z. Seeley, Treas. ; J. G. Finn, Herald ; John Utt, Cen- 
 tinal. Woollen, Truss, Baldwin, Piatt, and Utt compose the 
 Standing Committee, and the Past High Priests noted are 
 Hart, Shippy, J. Herring, Hyer, and Kinch. All the above 
 names, except that of the High Priest, are familiar. His name 
 appears several times on the old ledger, and each time it is 
 spelled differently. Under date of 1816 it is written Woollen. 
 In another place it is Wooling, and again Wooley. His 
 name appears but once in the minutes, viz. : at the annual 
 meeting held in December, 1820, wherein P. H. P. Woollen 
 is credited with the payment of fifty cents Grand Chapter 
 dues. Among the names recorded in the directories for sev- 
 eral years prior and subsequent to 1820, there is none of this 
 spelling. The nearest to it is Woolley, " Charles Woolley, 
 cartman, Ludlow and Rivington Streets," is the way the record 
 reads. 
 
 It is strange that the name of this Companion does not ap- 
 pear anywhere on the minutes as participating in the work of 
 the Chapter in some capacity, for we have the minutes of the 
 last half of the year that he was High Priest. 
 
 It is a source of gratification that the advertisement in the 
 directory of 1820 furnishes one more link in the chain which 
 was broken about this time. There now remains only one 
 year — 1818 — that the name of the High Priest is missing. 
 Perhaps the wisdom of future generations may bring this one 
 name to light. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 1821-1822 
 
 Christian Truss, High Priest 
 
 At the second regular meeting held in 1821 P. H. P. 
 James Herring, Sn, appeared, and instead of paying the 
 balance which the committee appointed to settle with him 
 had agreed upon " as full Compensation for Interest, Prin- 
 cipal &c. ; viz. : 40 Dollars on his promise to pay the same 
 on or before the meeting of the Grand Chapter in Al- 
 bany," he offered ten dollars. The pressing need of money 
 to pay Grand Chapter dues and save the Warrant of the 
 Chapter induced the Companions to take what he offered 
 on finding he would pay no more. This sum was received 
 and endorsed on the back of the bond. Later in the year 
 he paid $5 additional. 
 
 The Chapter membership became quite cosmopolitan 
 this year. Brothers were proposed from England, the 
 Island of Cuba, New Brunswick, North Carolina, and else- 
 where from outside the State of New York. 
 
 At a regular meeting held September 12th a motion 
 was made " that M. E. H. P. Lownds be presented with 
 a piece of silver plate as an acknowledgment of his polite 
 attention and service in this Chapter." This testimonial 
 was in the shape of a silver bowl valued at $22. Twenty- 
 two regular and twenty-six extra meetings were held this 
 year. Meetings were called at all hours of the day — 
 morning, afternoon, evening, holidays and Sundays. Com- 
 panion Truss almost invariably presided. The annual 
 
 67 
 
68 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 election occurred December 26th, and Companion Truss 
 was again elected High Priest. At a subsequent meeting 
 the officers were installed by M. E. Companion Lownds. 
 At the first regular meeting held this year it was resolved 
 " that Comp. Herring be noticed that unless he settle with 
 the Chapter on or before the first day of February he will 
 be suspended and reported to the Grand Chapter at their 
 Annual." 
 
 At the first regular meeting held in March, Brother 
 Joseph Hoxie of St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 7, was proposed 
 by Companion Whitlock. 
 
 At the second regular meeting Companion James Her- 
 ring, Jr., whose name had not been mentioned in the min- 
 utes since he was exalted in 181 7, proposed Brother Rich- 
 ard Pennell of Independent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2. At 
 a later meeting Brother George Arnold of Trinity Lodge, 
 No. 39, was elected. Still later. Brother Lewis Belden 
 was elected. All of these brethren were afterward elected 
 to the highest office in the gift of the Chapter, and all 
 presided with marked ability. 
 
 The following motion was adopted at one of the meet- 
 ings, viz. : " Any officer of this Chapter who shall neglect 
 his duty for three months may be suspended by a new 
 election, at the discretion of the Chapter." 
 
 Companion Utt, who had been Secretary for the past 
 year, died August ist, and Companion James Herring, Jr., 
 was deputed to deliver an eulogy. 
 
 A bill for $9 was presented from " three black-men for 
 laying out Comp. Utt." After some debate it was resolved 
 that the bill be paid. 
 
 Brother Richard Ellis, who afterward became the Grand 
 High Priest of this State, was about this time proposed 
 for membership by Companion Truss, but very likely with- 
 out his knowledge or consent, for his name never came up 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 69 
 
 for election. This brother was later proposed and elected 
 in Ancient Chapter, No. i. 
 
 At the close of this year the Chapter began to take on 
 a new lease of life. The character of the candidates ex- 
 alted; their eminent fitness to carry on the work of the 
 Chapter, and the great renewal of interest in Freemasonry 
 generally, were the causes leading up to this revival. The 
 Companions who had joined the Chapter during the past 
 two years came to the front and took the reins in their 
 own hands. 
 
 When the difficulties arose which finally caused a sepa- 
 ration of the city and country lodges in 1822, the follow- 
 ing members of the Chapter were appointed on a com- 
 mittee for reconciling the differences then existing, viz. : 
 James Herring, Jr., Independent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 
 2; Richard Pennell, of the same Lodge; J. G. Finn, Trin- 
 ity Lodge, No. 39; Patrick Mott, Morton Lodge, No. 46, 
 and George W. Hyer, Mt. Moriah Lodge, No. 132. 
 
 Companion Truss presided over the Chapter for two years, 
 and, although he was attentive to his duties, he was not the 
 kind of man to give much intellectuality to the work. He 
 was a butcher by occupation. His habits finally compelled 
 the Companions to suspend him. After some years he re- 
 formed, and was restored to membership, and was appointed 
 Tyler in 1832. He was expelled in 1837 by action of the Grand 
 Lodge. He was a Past Master of Benevolent Lodge which 
 seceded from the Grand Lodge in 1837. 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 1823 
 
 Thaddeus Whitlock, High Priest 
 
 At the annual election in 1822 Companion Pennell was 
 elected King and Companion Joseph Hoxie Scribe. Com- 
 panion Henry Basley was elected Secretary. His work was 
 a great improvement over that of all the secretaries who 
 had preceded him. A new record-book was purchased, 
 and was used for the succeeding twelve years, and is now 
 in a fine state of preservation. The annual election was 
 held December nth, and the officers were installed by 
 M. E. Companion Lownds on December 21st. 
 
 Forty regular and extra meetings were held this year; 
 much business was transacted, and many candidates were 
 exalted. 
 
 On July 23d Brother Maurice Hoyt of Clinton Lodge 
 was proposed. Brother Hoyt afterward became High 
 Priest. 
 
 On August 13th a Hst of names with this heading is 
 recorded : 
 
 " Individuals in arrears up to the last Election, 1822, 
 according to the Books, viz. : " 
 
 This list contains one hundred and five names, with an 
 aggregate amount of $1,142.60 owed by them. P. H. P. 
 Truss heads the list with $71.87-1 against his name. This 
 was no doubt for fees and dues which he had collected. 
 About two months later he reported that he had lost the 
 
 70 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 71 
 
 receipts. At a later meeting the committee reported that 
 P. H. P. Truss owed the Chapter $88, for which he showed 
 vouchers for money expended amounting to $87.75, leav- 
 ing a balance of twenty-five cents due the Chapter. 
 
 The books of the Secretary and Treasurer were care- 
 fully examined, and it was found that there were $161.31 
 cash in hand. Companion James Herring, Jr., ofifered a 
 resolution " that a committee of five be appointed to take 
 into consideration the expediency of establishing a perma- 
 nent fund." Companions Scriba, Hunter, Herring, Basley, 
 and Hoxie were appointed. The committee reported later, 
 although the report is not recorded, and was discharged. 
 Possibly the committee concluded that the eleven hundred 
 and odd dollars of unpaid dues was too permanently in 
 the pockets of the delinquents to warrant the attempt to 
 establish a permanent fund with only $160 on hand. 
 
 Companions Herring, Hoxie, and Pennell were at this 
 time the active and leading spirits in all transactions of 
 the Chapter. Companion Hoxie must have been musical, 
 for a motion was made by Companion Herring that " Com- 
 panion Hoxie be a Committee to procure a new Tone 
 for the M. M. Ode." 
 
 During the year the Chapter met in conjunction with 
 Ancient, Fredonian, and Rising Sun Chapters. 
 
 Candidates were exalted hailing from Spain, Ireland, 
 Curasao, Georgia, and other foreign jurisdictions. 
 
 The Chapter apparently had concurrent jurisdiction with 
 the whole world at this time. 
 
 The revival of prosperity caused the Companions to re- 
 plenish their equipment of properties and paraphernalia, 
 and considerable money was expended for this purpose. 
 The items in one of the bills presented are as follows, viz. : 
 " 3 plain helmets $18, i silver helmet $16, i gilt helmet 
 $12, I hat $2, I Crown $13, i mitre $12, i cap $3.50." 
 
72 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Perhaps the head-gear previously used had become too 
 small for the newly elected officers. 
 
 Yellow fever, which had afflicted the city so many 
 times, again appeared with great virulence in the summer 
 of 1823, although it is not recorded that it caused the death 
 of any of the Companions. 
 
 Companion Thaddeus Whitlock, the High Priest for this 
 year, was not efficient as a presiding officer. He presided 
 at two meetings only, the king. Companion Pennell, officiat- 
 ing regularly in his stead. 
 
 Companion Whitlock was a school-teacher and by nature and 
 training better fitted to hold office pertaining to the duties of 
 Secretary or Treasurer, both of which he filled with marked 
 ability and faithfulness in some of the trying years of the Chap- 
 ter. He continued a member until his death in 183 1. Out 
 of respect to his memory the Chapter was ordered in mourning 
 for ninety days. 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 1824 
 
 Richard Pennell, M.D., High Priest 
 
 The annual meeting, held Christmas Eve, 1823, was 
 largely attended. Three of the Companions who had been 
 exalted in 1822, viz., Companions Pennell, Hoxie, and 
 Lewis Belden, were elected to the three principal offices. 
 The next day (Christmas) the Chapter met, pursuant to 
 adjournment, and the officers were installed by P. D. G. 
 H. P. Joel Hart. 
 
 Companion Hart made a motion, which was unani- 
 mously adopted, viz. : " that we view with great satisfac- 
 tion the conduct of Companion Henry Basley in resign- 
 ing from the office of Treasurer in order to promote the 
 harmony and prosperity of Jerusalem Chapter, and that 
 he is entitled to the thanks of the members." Companion 
 Basley declined the office in order to appease Companion 
 Hunter, an old member, who had served the previous year 
 as Treasurer. 
 
 This year was one of the most memorable in the his- 
 tory of the Chapter. 
 
 Thirty-nine meetings were held, and thirty candidates 
 were proposed in the first two months. Two things oc- 
 curred, however, to mar the harmony of the proceedings. 
 A motion to present Excellent Companion Whitlock with 
 a medal was negatived, and the Standing Committee, 
 composed of Companions James Herring, Jr., Thaddeus 
 Whitlock, George Scriba, Jr., Joseph Hoxie, and Henry 
 
 73 
 
74 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Basley, were cited to show cause why the Chapter should 
 not pass a vote of censure upon them. They later gave 
 satisfactory reasons for their action, and the vote of cen- 
 sure was not adopted. 
 
 At the April meeting an inventory of the property and 
 effects of the Chapter was presented by the Standing 
 Committee, as follows: 
 
 " The Warrant, Secretary's and Treasurer's books, wood- 
 cut for Certificate, Chapeau, 12 Badges with 12 Jewels appen- 
 dant thereto, i Keystone, 2 Blocks for Craftsmen, 3 Wallets 
 & 3 Chisels, 2 Pillars for W. & S., 2 Bibles, 3 Prs. Snuffers and 
 3 Snuffer trays, 11 Candlesticks, i Square, and i Compass for 
 Altar, 50 Aprons, 4 Prs. Slippers, i Jug for incense, i Cable- 
 tow 4 yds. long, 3 Cabletow's 7 yds. long each, i Mark Mas- 
 ter's Jewel, An Ark with contents complete. Masonic Register 
 presented by Companion Pratt, The Seal and the Stamp of the 
 Chapter, Candle Box, Chest of drawers with closet on top, 2 
 Swords with green handles. High Priest's dress, viz.. Mitre, 
 Breast-plate, Vestment Robe with owncher & bells, silk sash. 
 
 " King's dress, viz. : Crown, Pantaloons, Jacket, Cloak, and 
 Sceptre. Scribe's dress, viz.: Cap, Gown, and Vestment. 
 Captain of the Host's dress, viz. : Gold Helmet, Cloak, and 
 Sash. Principal Sojourner's dress, viz. : Cap, Cloak, and Sash. 
 Royal Arch Captain's dress, viz. : Silver Helmet, Cloak, and 
 Sash. Captain of ist, 2d, and 3d Vails, Brown Helmet, Cloak, 
 and Sash for each. Tyler's dress, viz. : Chapeau, Cloak, and 
 Sash, 20 Surpluses and 20 Red Sashes for Companions." 
 
 At a subsequent meeting in April the following Com- 
 panions paid their dues and withdrew from the Chapter, 
 viz. : George Scriba, Jr., W. T. Hunter, H. T. Powell, Piatt 
 Stratton, Oliver Hull, John Guion, John Solomon, H. S. 
 Roberts, and Henry Dwight. This created vacancies in 
 the offices of Treasurer, Master of 2d and 3d Vails, and 
 on the Standing Committee. No reasons are given for 
 

 ^■tu- 
 
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 7/ 
 
 W 
 
 dr 
 
 liL 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 Reproduction of the Minutes of tlie IMeeting Noting the Exaltation 
 
 of Lafayette. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 75 
 
 their withdrawal, but they were at once recommended 
 to the Grand Chapter for the purpose of forming a new 
 Chapter. 
 
 Brother Robert R. Boyd, who later joined the Chapter 
 and became very prominent in the Grand Chapter and in 
 the Grand Lodge, requested that his proposition, which 
 had been presented at a previous meeting, be withdrawn. 
 
 In September, 1824, two interesting events are recorded. 
 On the 8th inst. Brother George Washington Lafayette, 
 son of the great Marquis, was proposed, and at a special 
 meeting held the next day all the degrees were conferred 
 upon him. It was also voted to present him with a gold 
 medal as a token of the respect and esteem in which he is 
 held by the members of this Chapter. Three days later 
 the Marquis himself was proposed, elected, and received 
 the degrees at one convocation. 
 
 At the annual session of the Grand Chapter this year a 
 Companion ofifered the following resolution, the adoption 
 of which forever put a stop to the practice of holding Sun- 
 day meetings by the subordinate Chapters, viz. : 
 
 " Whereas, It is represented to this Grand Chapter, that 
 some subordinate Chapters are in the habit of occasionally hold- 
 ing convocations for labor, and also informal meetings for 
 lecturing, on the Sabbath, and 
 
 " Whereas, The Supreme Architect of the universe, after 
 having completed the wonderful work of the Creation not only 
 rested from his labor on the seventh day, but afterward issued 
 His divine injunction commanding that it should forever there- 
 after be hallowed as a day of rest : and 
 
 " Whereas, The Holy Bible is the universal standard for 
 the rule and guide of the faith and conduct of all Chapters of 
 Royal Arch Masons : and 
 
 " Whereas, The practice above set forth is an infringement 
 of the principles and spirit of the Masonic institution, and has 
 
76 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 a tendency to injure and degrade it in the eyes of the reUgious 
 community, therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved, That no subordinate Chapter, under the jurisdic- 
 tion of this Grand Chapter, be allowed to hold communications 
 on the Sabbath, either for actual labor, or for the purpose of 
 lecturing on any of the degrees." 
 
 The foregoing resolution of the Grand Chapter, which 
 was in advance of any similar action by the Grand Lodge, 
 reveals the high character and true religious instincts of 
 those who were directing the affairs of Capitular Masonry 
 at this time. 
 
 A portrait of Lafayette and a brief history of his Masonic 
 career would seem to be an appropriate part of this vol- 
 ume, and are therefore presented. 
 
 Lafayette arrived in New York August 15, 1824, and 
 for some days was entertained by the city authorities with 
 great hospitality. He then travelled to other cities in the 
 East and returned to New York in September, when he 
 was invited by the Grand Lodge to participate in a great 
 celebration in his honor. This was given September 20th, 
 and it will be seen that Jerusalem Chapter entertained him 
 and conferred the Capitular Degrees upon him eight days 
 earlier than the reception given to him by the Grand 
 Lodge. We have no record of what the Chapter did to 
 entertain the distinguished visitor on this occasion other 
 than that contained in the minutes, a fac-simile of which 
 is shown on another page. It is very likely that he was 
 entertained in some manner and that remarks appropriate 
 to the occasion were made by the officers and responded 
 to by Brother Lafayette. 
 
 Although there is no record of a subsequent visit to 
 the Chapter by this illustrious Companion, it would seem 
 from the following account that he must have visited it 
 about a year later. This account is copied from a news- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER ^^ 
 
 paper clipping pasted on a cover of one of the minute- 
 books. It was evidently taken from a Tennessee news- 
 paper : 
 
 " During his last visit to the city of New York, General 
 Lafayette was received with appropriate marks of respect, in 
 Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, of Royal Arch Masons, and in reply 
 to the address of the M. E. High Priest, made the following 
 remarks, which we esteem it our duty to record, on account of 
 the high and well-merited compliment they contain to the im- 
 proved condition of Masonry in Tennessee. 
 
 " ' Most Excellent High Priest and worthy Companions. It 
 was in this city where I first met with that kind reception and 
 those cordial welcomes which I have repeatedly experienced 
 in the progress of my late journey through the twenty-four 
 States of the Union. It was here, also, within these walls, that 
 I first received admission to the higher" orders of Masonry, 
 and I may, therefore, justly regard this Chapter as the cradle 
 of my Masonic life; having been, by your kindness, enabled 
 to visit the various Masonic institutions throughout the United 
 States. Indeed, I may justly be regarded as one of the greatest 
 Masonic travellers in this country; having, in my late tour 
 with my son, George Washington Lafayette, and my worthy 
 companion, M. LaVasseur, visited all the Grand Lodges, and 
 higher Masonic bodies of the United States, with great pleas- 
 ure and satisfaction. I am also happy to state that I have found, 
 in my travels, the Masonic fraternity flourishing and harmoni- 
 ous, and held in high public respect and honor. Even in some 
 of the more recently settled portions of the country, in Cincin- 
 nati, and particularly in Nashville, it was with no less surprise 
 than pleasure, that I observed the Masonic societies had made 
 improvements so creditable to themselves, and honorable to the 
 order. 
 
 " ' The harmony and respectability of Masonry throughout 
 this extensive country may well be regarded as affording an 
 important pillcw of support and union to its free institutions and 
 happy form of government. 
 
78 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 " ' Accept, therefore, in return for your kindness, my sincere 
 thanks, for having afforded me the facilities of being so hon- 
 orably received and accepted by all the higher Masonic insti- 
 tutions in the twenty-four states of this republic' " 
 
 The following Masonic biography of Lafayette is taken 
 from a well-known publication of undoubted authority : 
 
 " His becoming a Mason was probably due in a great meas- 
 ure to his intimacy with Bro. George Washington. Much 
 uncertainty prevails, however, as to where and when he was 
 made a Mason; Morristown, N. J., Newburgh and Albany, 
 N. Y., each claiming the distinction. Some authorities agree 
 that the time was his twentieth year — Washington's own 
 age when he became a Mason, a quarter of a century pre- 
 vious. The place is stated, by one Masonic writer, to have 
 been a room over the' bar of the old Freemen's Tavern, in Mor- 
 ristown, and the same writer also states that Washington him- 
 self presided at the ceremony as Master, though no proof of 
 these statements is advanced with them, and they lack cor- 
 roboration elsewhere. The weight of probability is in favor 
 of the ceremony having been performed in some military lodge 
 and at some time prior to the capitulation of Yorktown, for it 
 is recorded that there, Washington, La Fayette, Marshall, and 
 Nelson came together in Lodge No. 9, immediately after the 
 surrender. 
 
 " In 1784, on a visit to America, Bro. La Fayette became 
 Washington's guest at Mount Vernon, when he presented 
 Bro. Washington a Masonic apron, beautifully embroidered 
 in colored silk, the handiwork and gift of Madame de La 
 Fayette, together with another gift of Masonic ornaments in- 
 cased in a handsome rosewood cabinet, beautifully inlaid with 
 appropriate emblems of the order. The apron is now the cher- 
 ished property of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, while the 
 cabinet is an object of great interest in the museum of the Lodge 
 of Washington, at Alexandria, Virginia. 
 
 " In 1824, Bro. La Fayette again visited the United States 
 
THE MARQUIS DE LA l-AYETTE 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 79 
 
 on the invitation of Congress, and, on his arrival at New York, 
 was immediately invited by the citizens of Alexandria to be- 
 come their guest. On the i6th of October, he was received 
 with an ovation, and Lodges Nos. 22, 47, and 8 extended him 
 their hospitalities. 
 
 " After the ceremonies of the day were over he found time to 
 visit the tomb of Washington and pay a silent tribute to the 
 memory of his late Brother and beloved foster father. He 
 visited the Grand Lodge of Louisiana later in October and re- 
 turning to Alexandria, was present at its three Lodges, in joint 
 session, February 21, 1825, previous to a magnificent banquet, 
 given by them in his honor, which was attended by many promi- 
 nent men and Masons of the day. Many tokens of honor, re- 
 spect, and love were shown the distinguished guest of the 
 Nation and of American Masonry upon this occasion. . . . 
 
 " A patriot, a soldier, and an exemplary Mason, he was a 
 faithful friend and a fearless foe, and perhaps the best pane- 
 gyric upon the high and noble consistency of his behavior 
 throughout all his life, was pronounced when Madame de Stael 
 wrote of him : ' You can with certainty predict what he would 
 do under any and all circumstances.' Brave yet tender, firm 
 yet gentle, he was, indeed, a pillar of light to Masons and to 
 all mankind, and his sterling, manly, and Masonic virtues well 
 qualified him to become the chosen friend and dear adopted 
 son of 
 
 " — ^the first — the last — the best. 
 The Cincinnatus of the West," 
 
 and Brother of our Craft, George Washington." 
 
 " Brother La Fayette died May 20, 1834, ten years after 
 his last visit to America. Two nations mourned his death with 
 all the world in sympathy for the keen grief felt over the de- 
 parture of one whose career had exhibited so much of honor- 
 able and magnanimous action." 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 1825 
 
 Joseph Hoxie, High Priest 
 
 Great activity and prosperity attended the Chapter 
 again in 1825. Forty-eight meetings were held. A large 
 number of candidates were exalted, and the year closed 
 with over $800 in the Treasury. 
 
 The first recorded visit of the Grand Officers was on 
 June 8, 1825. The following day the General Grand Chap- 
 ter held its triennial meeting in the Chapter room. 
 
 Harmony had again resumed her sway in the Chapter, 
 and Companion Whitlock was presented with a testi- 
 monial, a motion for procuring the same having been 
 negatived the previous year. " A piece of silver-plate, val- 
 ued at $100, was also voted to Companion Hoxie on his 
 retirement from office." 
 
 Companion Hoxie was a brilliant man and a fine administra- 
 tor, and, although but thirty years of age when called to pre- 
 side over Jerusalem Chapter, his work left an indelible impress 
 upon its history. 
 
 He hailed from old Saint Andrew's Lodge, which in the early 
 years of Freemasonry in this city was very prominent. A 
 Past Master of this Lodge, James McCuen, was chairman of 
 the meeting which organized the Provincial Grand Lodge in 
 1781. The Rev. William Walter, also of Saint Andrew's 
 Lodge, was the first Grand Master. Bro. McCuen later became 
 Deputy Grand Master. Saint Andrews Lodge was at this 
 time numbered 169. On the founding of the Sovereign Grand 
 
 80 
 
JOSEPH HOXIE. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 8 1 
 
 Lodge of New York, in 1784, it was given the number 3. 
 Later, when Lodges in the interior of the State, which had had 
 an earlier beginning, yielded obedience to the Grand Lodge, 
 St. Andrew's was given the number 7. The Lodge had a pros- 
 perous existence until the Morgan affair, and in 1835 surren- 
 dered its Charter. 
 
 Companion Hoxie was active in this Lodge and served as its 
 Master. 
 
 He was born in the State of Rhode Island, August 13, 1795. 
 He came to New York City about 1815, and opened a school. 
 Some twenty years later he engaged in mercantile pursuits as 
 an importer and jobber of dry goods. He became interested 
 in politics, and in 1837 was elected Alderman of the Seventh 
 Ward, and the same year was elected County Clerk of the 
 City and County of New York. Later he was elected a Judge 
 of one of the City Courts. 
 
 About 1850 he became agent for a number of fire and marine 
 insurance companies. In 1853 he organized the Common- 
 wealth Fire Insurance Company, and was its President for a 
 number of years. Later he organized the Amicable Life In- 
 surance Company, and was President of the same until his 
 death. 
 
 For thirty years he was a stanch supporter of the Whig 
 and Republican parties, and, in addition to the political offices 
 already mentioned, he was appointed Collector of Internal 
 Revenue by President Lincoln. He was a fine political orator 
 and campaign singer. There are those living who remember 
 him well as an eloquent Whig advocate. He was President of 
 the New England Society in 1838. For the few years that Com- 
 panion Hoxie was connected with Jerusalem Chapter he gave 
 it much of his time and talents. He served the Chapter as 
 Scribe in 1823; was elected King in 1824; High Priest in 
 1825, and again in 1827. It was the year that he was King 
 that the Marquis de Lafayette was exalted in Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter. In those days the officers were all clothed in special cos- 
 tumes, the High Priest wearing a mitre, the King a crown, and 
 the Scribe a turban. 
 
82 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 After the ceremony of the exaltation of Lafayette, he turned 
 to Companion Hoxie and uttered with much feeling these 
 words : " Sir, you are the first Crowned Head that ever treated 
 me kindly." When Companion Hoxie with other brethren of 
 St. Andrew's Lodge relinquished its Charter in 1835, he for- 
 sook Masonry for the remainder of his life. If it had not been 
 for the Morgan episode, it is quite within the range of probabil- 
 ity that the said Lodge would now be flourishing among other 
 old Lodges, and Companion Hoxie would have remained an 
 honored Past High Priest of Jerusalem Chapter until his death, 
 which occurred in Rhode Island, August 18, 1870. But though 
 he could not consistently allow his name to be retained on the 
 rolls, he left an inheritance in his son. Companion William 
 E. Hoxie, a respected and much esteemed Past High Priest 
 and still in the flesh. 
 
CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 1826 
 
 Lewis Belden, M.D., High Priest 
 
 Fifty-three meetings were held this year, many can- 
 didates exalted, and a large amount of business was trans- 
 acted. Companion William Belden, a brother of the High 
 Priest, was elected Secretary, and a model one he proved 
 to be. For six years he kept the records. He was an ex- 
 ceedingly neat penman. Much of his handwriting is as fine 
 as copper-plate. He not only wielded a facile pen, but his 
 sentences were grammatical. 
 
 The High Priest presented Companion Hoxie with the 
 piece of plate which had been voted to him as a testi- 
 monial, and his speech, with Companion Hoxie's reply, 
 were entered in the minutes verbatim. The pure and elo- 
 quent English expressed by these Companions, and the 
 beautiful penmanship of the Secretary, are worthy of re- 
 production in this volume, and on other pages the reader 
 will find a fac-simile of these speeches as entered in the 
 minutes. 
 
 A creditable feature of the work at this time was the 
 charitable donations made by the Chapter. Many sums of 
 money were given in charity, not only to members and 
 their families, but also to sojourning Companions. 
 
 Notwithstanding all the harmony and good-fellowship 
 which prevailed, personal asperities sometimes arose, as in 
 the case of charges proposed by Companion John F. Sibell 
 against Companion Dunham, King of the Chapter. The 
 
 83 
 
84 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 minutes state that the evidence submitted occupied several 
 hours in the reading, which was heard in patience, but the 
 Chapter voted not to sustain the charges. The virtue of 
 patience was surely manifested in this case. 
 
 Ambition, or some better reason, caused several Com- 
 panions to resign at the August meeting. James Herring, 
 Jr., headed the list. These Companions at once presented 
 their petition to be recommended to the Grand Chapter 
 for a warrant to form a new Chapter, which was afterward 
 known as Temple Chapter. The petition was granted, 
 and the members showed their magnanimity by allowing 
 the new Chapter to use their paraphernalia until they could 
 afiford to purchase their own. 
 
 At a stated meeting held August 23d the following reso- 
 lutions with reference to the establishment of a permanent 
 fund were adopted, viz. : 
 
 " Whereas, The funds of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, by the 
 resignation of our late worthy Treasurer, have reverted to the 
 immediate care and superintendence of the Chapter, in order 
 to the greater increase and security of the same, be it 
 
 " Resolved, That said funds forever hereafter be under the 
 special superintendence of a committee of six members of this 
 Chapter, whereof the M. E. H. P., the King, and the Scribe, 
 for the time being, shall be members by virtue of their office ; 
 and the others shall be chosen by ballot, to continue in office 
 until the next annual election, and shall forever after be chosen 
 annually in like manner at the annual election of officers of this 
 Chapter, and this committee shall be called the Committee of 
 the Permanent Fund. 
 
 " Resolved, That it be the duty of said Committee to deposit 
 all the monies belonging to this Chapter except as hereafter 
 mentioned, in the Savings Bank in the City of New York,* or to 
 invest them in mortgage securities, or in the stock of such Char- 
 
 * The Bank for Savings, known as the " Bleecker Street Bank," established 
 in 1819, and the first one of these valuable institutions to be founded. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 85 
 
 tered Company of said city as in their judgment may render 
 the Permanent Fund of the Chapter most productive and secure. 
 
 " Provided always, That when said monies shall thus be de- 
 posited or invested, they shall at no future time be withdrawn 
 or transferred, unless by a vote of the Chapter duly and for 
 that purpose specially notified; or unless the fund shall be in 
 danger of immediate loss; in which case the Committee or 
 any three of them may use such means for its security as they 
 may judge proper. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Treasurer of this Chapter, at the re- 
 quest of said Committee, shall, from time to time, deliver into 
 their hands such unexpended monies as remain in his posses- 
 sion, reserving to himself for the exigencies of the Chapter, a 
 convenient sum, yet not to exceed $150; and the Committee 
 shall annex said monies, as soon as practicable, to the Perma- 
 nent Fund. 
 
 "Resolved, That said Committee report the state and con- 
 stitution of the Permanent Fund together with their doings 
 thereon, to the Chapter, once in six months, during each year 
 (viz.:) at the first stated meeting of the Chapter in July, and 
 at the meeting of the annual election of officers of the Chapter ; 
 and at such other times as they may judge expedient." 
 
 When Companion James Herring, Jr., withdrew from 
 the Chapter, his accounts as Treasurer are recorded as 
 follows : 
 
 In savings bank $785.00 
 
 In current money 81.15 
 
 Bills of Tradesmen's Bank 42.00 
 
 Bills of Jersey Bank 12.00 
 
 $920.15 
 
 At the September meeting the High Priest gave notice 
 " that the General Grand Chapter had appointed to hold 
 a session in the Lodge room to-morrow at 11 o'clock 
 A.M.," and submitted the following resolution, which was 
 
86 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 passed in the affirmative, viz. : " that Jerusalem Chapter, 
 No. 8, appoint a Committee of one to wait on the G. G. 
 H. P. and tender him our Jewels and furniture for the use 
 of the G. G. Chapter during its present session." 
 
 The first case of a Companion being healed in the Chap- 
 ter is recorded this year. He hailed from Harmony Chap- 
 ter, Philadelphia, which was not then in communion with 
 or acknowledged by the General Grand Chapter of the 
 United States. 
 
 For some reason now unknown all of the officers, with 
 the exception of the Secretary and Treasurer, failed of re- 
 election at the annual convocation. There was a large at- 
 tendance at this annual convocation. Fifty-nine members 
 came forward and paid their dues before voting. Eleven 
 candidates were proposed. Companion Joseph Hoxie was 
 elected High Priest for the second time. 
 
 Companion Belden was a popular High Priest. As in Com- 
 panion Hoxie's case, he was presented with a valuable piece 
 of plate on his retirement from office. 
 
 He was a practising physician and surgeon, and lived at 
 No. i6 Eldridge Street. He was the third doctor of medicine 
 elected to preside over the Chapter. His lodge affiliation was 
 Manhattan, No. 370, of which he was a Past Master. His 
 brother, William Belden, who was elected Secretary this year, 
 and whose penmanship has been referred to, was a school- 
 teacher at No. 8 Dominick Street. Companion Belden died 
 in 1830. 
 

 
 ■- ■' V- . f / ' i, y . 
 
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 ■Uino^ uy/yCfyy i^yyA^-r/ /Ae-y/y c^^t Acy^f^j Ay y/iry^ipA AAcy yifyiy-yfA'-'^^"^'^'^^'^"^ 
 
 Reproduction of the Recorded Addresses of Joseph Hoxie 
 and Lewis Belden, 1826. 
 
// /'-^ / / '■ y ■ f ■ ^ , ^ /^' ■ 
 
 '^ / . /., /? ,^/ . / .- 
 
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 ' / ■ '^ ^ ' ' ' ■ 
 
 Reproduction of the Recorded Addresses of Joseph Hoxie 
 and Lewis Belden, 1826. — Continued. 
 

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 /:>l^i/yii ^' Oyriyyi- ..Ay,a,,^ at'L^ t^^n^i- Ay^yyyzZ^, J'^Z A-yi--/ j/!it^^i //L. ^/C 
 
 Reproduction of the Recorded Addresses of Joseph Hoxie 
 and Lewis Belden, 1826. — Continued. 
 
' / " ■ / y ■ ■ n ^ / ' ' '/ 
 
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 Reproduction of the Recorded Addresses of Joseph Hoxie 
 and Lewis Beldcn, 1826. — Coiitiiincd. 
 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 1827 
 
 Joseph Hoxie, High Priest 
 
 It is not . clear why Companion Hoxie was called to 
 the East this year. Possibly it was owing to the trouble 
 between Companions Dunham and Sibell. However, 
 Companion Dunham, who had served as King, was not 
 advanced, and he, with Companion Cleeve, the Scribe, and 
 Companion Baldwin, chairman of the committee which 
 exonerated Companion Dunham, applied for a recommen- 
 dation to the Grand Chapter to form a new Chapter, to 
 be known as Fidelity Chapter, and their application was 
 granted. 
 
 In the early part of the year a bill of seven years' stand- 
 ing, for refreshments provided for the Standing Commit- 
 tee in 1820, was presented and referred to a committee. 
 The only evidence the committee had that the bill was 
 correct was a statement by Companion Truss, the King 
 for that year, who testified that the refreshments had been 
 furnished, and, so far as he knew, the bill had not been 
 paid. The committee reported that " though they were 
 not prepared to decide the propriety of the claim, yet 
 considering the character of Companion Dodge, who pre- 
 sented the claim, which stands fair, and that his present 
 circumstances render the payment very necessary, if due, 
 do cheerfully recommend its payment, but stipulate that 
 the money should be paid for the use of his family." As 
 a result of this report it was voted that " hereafter bills of 
 
 87 
 
88 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 long standing and doubtful character should be repudi- 
 ated, and that all bills of longer standing than one year 
 shall not be paid when presented to the Chapter." 
 
 At the January meeting several Companions of the 
 Chapter living in Greenwich Village submitted a petition 
 to the Grand Chapter, for which they asked to be recom- 
 mended by Jerusalem Chapter, for a grant of the old 
 Charter of Washington Chapter, No. 2, or for a new one 
 to be known as Greenwich Chapter. Recommendation by 
 Jerusalem Chapter was granted, and several members 
 withdrew to assist in the formation of said Chapter. 
 
 The members of Fidelity Chapter, the founders of which 
 had just left Jerusalem Chapter, made a request that a 
 portion of the funds of Jerusalem Chapter be donated to 
 aid them in the purchase of their jewels, implements, etc. 
 Their request was emphatically denied. 
 
 In March it was voted " that the Chapter move from 
 its present place of meeting, from and after May ist next, 
 to the Masonic Hall now erecting on Broadway." On the 
 first meeting in May the Chapter met in the new Masonic 
 Hall. On May 23d, the Grand Lodge being then in ses- 
 sion, and many Companions desiring to attend, the meeting 
 was adjourned without transacting any business. 
 
 The session of the Grand Lodge here referred to was 
 probably that of the " City " Grand Lodge. For five 
 years there had been a " Country " and a " City " Grand 
 Lodge. Negotiations were then in operation toward a 
 reunion. This reunion was consummated at the annual 
 session of the " Country " Grand Lodge two weeks later. 
 
 At the November meeting the piece of plate voted as 
 a testimonial to Companion Belden was presented by 
 Companion Hoxie, to which Companion Belden made a 
 suitable response. They were each requested to furnish a 
 copy of their addresses to be entered on the minutes, but 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 89 
 
 neither of them materialized in that form. It is safe to 
 presume from the character and education of these Com- 
 panions that these addresses were not a repetition of the 
 ones made by them on a former occasion. 
 
 The Rev. James H. Teller was exalted this year. He was 
 the first clergyman to join the Chapter. Several members 
 of the now defunct Fidelity Chapter rejoined the Chapter 
 in June. The usual adjoining fees were remitted. 
 
 Companion Peter N. Ferris was granted the sum of $50 
 for delivering a course of four lectures on the four Chap- 
 ter degrees. The following minutes from the Grand 
 Chapter proceedings for this year are interesting enough 
 to be incorporated in this volume. 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter was represented by Companion Jo- 
 seph Hoxie; M. E. Richard Pennell was also present. 
 
 The first allusion to the affair of William Morgan, in the 
 Grand Chapter, follows: 
 
 " A Committee of seven members were appointed to report 
 what measures are proper to be adopted, relative to the affair 
 of William Morgan." Companion Pennell was appointed the 
 Chairman of this Committee. 
 
 " A Warrant was granted to Companion James Herring, Jr., 
 High Priest, and others, to hold a Chapter in the City of New- 
 York, by the name of Temple Chapter, No. 125." 
 
 " A Warrant was refused to hold a Chapter in the City of 
 New York, by the name of Fidelity Chapter, to Companions 
 Hampton Dunham, Charles Cleve, and Abraham D. Wilson." 
 
 " M. E. Richard Pennell was again re-elected D. G. H. P." 
 
 " The Committee on the affair of William Morgan reported 
 in part as follows : 
 
 " Whereas, The rights of personal liberty and security are 
 guaranteed by the free constitution under which we, the mem- 
 bers of this Grand Chapter, in common with the rest of our 
 fellow-citizens, have the happiness to live ; and 
 
 " Whereas, We esteem the preservation of these rights of 
 
90 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 vital importance to the perpetuity and full enjoyment of the 
 blessings of our republican institutions; and 
 
 " Whereas, The community has lately witnessed a violation 
 of the same under the alleged pretext of the masonic name and 
 sanction, in the case of William Morgan ; and 
 
 " Whereas, The principles of our ancient and honorable fra- 
 ternity contain nothing which, in the slightest degree, justify 
 or authorize such proceedings; but, on the contrary, do, in 
 all their tenets and ceremonies, encourage and inculcate a just 
 submission to the laws; the enjoyment of equal rights by 
 every individual ; and a high and elevated spirit of personal as 
 well as national independence; therefore 
 
 " Resolved, By this Grand Chapter, that we, its members, 
 individually and as a body, do disclaim all knowledge or ap- 
 probation of the said proceedings, in relation to the abduction 
 of the said William Morgan; and that we disapprove of the 
 same, as a violation of the majesty of the laws, and an infringe- 
 ment of the rights of personal liberty secured to every citizen of 
 our free and happy republic." 
 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 1828 
 
 Maurice Hoyt, High Priest 
 
 The Morgan affair, which was destined to cause such 
 havoc in the Craft a little later, was now in its second year, 
 and thus far it had had no perceptible effect on the pros- 
 perity of the Chapter. Twenty-two meetings were held 
 this year. David Hosack, M.D., a prominent physician con- 
 nected with the New York Hospital, was exalted this year. 
 
 A second piece of plate was voted to Companion Hoxie. 
 After the convocation held October 22d, a committee from 
 Temple Chapter, No. 125, which was formed the year pre- 
 vious by Companions who had seceded from Jerusalem 
 Chapter, were received, and stated that they were author- 
 ized to entertain a proposition for a union of the two Chap- 
 ters. A committee was appointed to confer with them. 
 The proposition submitted by Temple Chapter was this, 
 viz. : " that Jerusalem Chapter shall pay $400 for the fur- 
 niture of Temple Chapter, and $17 for each candidate who, 
 having been proposed by a member of Temple Chapter, 
 shall be exalted in Jerusalem Chapter, until the debt of 
 Temple Chapter is paid, then the members and property 
 of Temple Chapter to become the members and property 
 of Jerusalem Chapter." 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter's proposition was " to receive the 
 members of Temple Chapter on ballot, without payment 
 of adjoining fee, and to allow them the proceeds as above 
 mentioned for two years, also to allow them to dispose of 
 their furniture for their own benefit." This would seem 
 to be eminently just and fair, but the Chapters could not 
 
 91 
 
92 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 agree, and negotiations were broken off. Temple Chap- 
 ter was unable to continue long, and in 1829 surrendered 
 its warrant. 
 
 At the annual session of the Grand Chapter in 1828, on 
 motion of Companion O. M. Lownds, it was resolved " that 
 Phoenix Chapter, No. 3, held in the city of New York, be 
 hereafter known and distinguished as Phoenix Chapter, No. 
 2, and the Grand Secretary be directed to alter the number 
 in the Warrant accordingly." Thus the second erasure was 
 made on the Charter of Phoenix Chapter. 
 
 Companion Hoyt joined the Chapter in 1824. He had the 
 distinction of having been exalted at the same time Lafayette 
 was exalted. He was a Past Master of Clinton Lodge. He 
 was Master of the Third Vail in 1825 ; Principal Sojourner in 
 1826 ; and King in 1828. 
 
 At the time of his election to the office of High Priest he 
 was, and had been for some years, a school-teacher, and lived at 
 No. 22 Eldridge Street. He must have left the city in the 
 early thirties, for his name does not appear in the City Direc- 
 tory after that time. 
 
 There is no record of the withdrawal of Companion Hoyt 
 from the Chapter. He dropped out, however, for his name does 
 not appear on the records after 1830. He visited the Chapter 
 in 1870 and rather startled the Companions when he made 
 himself known. It seems that Companion Mapes noticed an 
 old gentleman sitting on the benches, before the Chapter was 
 opened, and inquired of him " what Chapter he hailed from? " 
 The old Companion's reply was, " I am Companion Maurice 
 Hoyt, a Past High Priest of Jerusalem Chapter, and I was 
 exalted with Lafayette in 1824." He proved his identity, and 
 was most cordially received. He was then proposed, and 
 elected to rejoin the Chapter. Where he had been all these 
 years is not recorded. The sum of $50 was afterward appro- 
 priated and he was made a life member. His next appearance 
 in the Chapter was on June 4, 1875. He died in Warwick, 
 N. Y., February 10, 1877, aged eighty-five years. 
 
CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 1829 
 
 Richard Pennell, High Priest 
 
 For some reason there was another diversion at the 
 annual election held in 1828. M.-.E/. Companion Pennell 
 was called to the East for the second time. He was at 
 the time D. G. H. P. of the Grand Chapter. Maurice 
 Hoyt, the retiring High Priest, was elected Principal So- 
 journer. A new ofifice was established, i.e., Chaplain, and 
 the Rev. James H. Teller was elected. The Chapter, in 
 common with other Masonic bodies, began to feel the de- 
 pression resulting from the Morgan afifair. Only eighteen 
 meetings were held, two of them specials. 
 
 The funds had been reduced to $381.19 at the annual 
 meeting in 1828, only $100.16 of which was in the Sav- 
 ings Bank. Nevertheless, a piece of plate valued at $100 
 was voted to Companion Hoyt. 
 
 The Chapter voted to return to St. John's Hall, where 
 it formerly met. The new Masonic Hall was rather poorly 
 managed, and much fault had been found for the two years 
 the Chapter had been meeting there. 
 
 Furthermore, the room in St. John's Hall could be ob- 
 tained for $85 yearly, whereas the Masonic Hall manage- 
 ment demanded $100. The Chapter removed to St. John's 
 Hall in March. The Chapter was called ofif May i8th and 
 met again September 14th. Seven or eight propositions 
 were handed in and the candidates elected, only two of 
 whom were exalted, viz.. Companions Dardon and Whit- 
 tlesey. 
 
 93 
 
94 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 There is not much available information with reference to 
 the private life or professional record of M.-.E.-. Companion 
 Pennell. He was bom in England — ^town or city not known 
 — November 22, 1798. It is not known when he emigrated to 
 New York. His name first appears in the City Directory in 
 
 1821. He was graduated that year from the College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons, and for the next two or three years was 
 an apothecary at the New York Hospital. He then became 
 a regular practitioner, and in 1847 associated himself with 
 others of the medical profession who formed the Academy of 
 Medicine. He was commissioned Surgeon General of the State 
 of New York, February 4, 1832. 
 
 Companion Pennell was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter in 
 
 1822. He was elected King in 1823, and at the annual election 
 held that year he was elected High Priest. He had then just 
 turned the age of twenty-five years, and was probably the 
 youngest Companion ever elected to preside over the Chap- 
 ter. The following February he was elected Deputy Grand 
 High Priest of the Grand Chapter. It is doubtful if a younger 
 Companion ever filled this ofiSce. He was re-elected four times 
 to this position, viz. : in 1825, 1827, 1828, and 1835. At the 
 annual session of the Grand Chapter, held in February, 1829, 
 he was elected Grand High Priest. He was then just past 
 thirty years of age. Companion Pennell must have impressed 
 the Companions of the Royal Craft as possessing marked 
 ability. He was endowed with the qualities of a successful 
 administrator, which he displayed the first year he was High 
 Priest. He exalted thirty-nine Companions that year; an 
 unusual number even in these times. He was always in the 
 forefront in all matters pertaining to Lodge, Chapter, and 
 Commandery. Companion Pennell was chosen chairman of 
 a committee of seven, appointed by the Grand Chapter in 1827, 
 to report on the affair of William Morgan, whose mysterious 
 death had caused such commotion in the land. The preamble 
 and resolutions presented by the committee — which were 
 drafted presumably by the chairman — breathed the most 
 patriotic sentiments and should have convinced any reasonably 
 
'^^i^^-'C^^^^^^^^^tf-^^^yi:^, 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 95 
 
 minded person of the purity of intention of the Craft in its 
 loyalty to our country, and its regard for the rights of men 
 whether Masons or otherwise. The sentiments contained in 
 the report are applicable to this day and generation. The 
 reader will note that they are recorded in full under the year 
 1827. 
 
 But like all good and true men, Companion Pennell was not 
 without his enemies. A Companion hailing from Oneida Chap- 
 ter, Utica, in 1830, presented a memorial which reflected on 
 the character of Companion Pennell. The memorial was re- 
 ferred to a select committee of the Grand Chapter and its 
 report is as follows: 
 
 " The Select Committee, to whom was referred the memorial 
 of Companion John E. Hinman, with the documents accom- 
 panying the same, report: 
 
 " That they have examined the subject committed to them 
 with that care and attention which its importance and deli- 
 cacy required ; and that, from the proof and circumstances pre- 
 sented to the Committee, they are of the unanimous opinion 
 that there is nothing exhibited to them which derogates in the 
 least from the high character which the presiding oificer of this 
 Grand Chapter so deservedly sustains as a Mason, a philan- 
 thropist, and a friend to our republican institutions. Although 
 a native of the ' mother country,' he has ever exhibited an 
 untiring zeal in the prosperity of this, his adopted country. 
 
 " The Committee are pleased to have it in their power to 
 state that the charges and allegations preferred are founded 
 entirely in misapprehension, and are extremely gratified to say 
 that the complainant himself, on the exhibition of the testi- 
 mony, was convinced of this fact, and withdrew every allega- 
 tion that had been presented. The Committee scarcely know 
 how to approach the proceedings of the Companions in Utica 
 upon this subject. These proceedings are wrong in principle 
 and contrary to the Constitution of this Grand Chapter. Yet 
 the Committee are constrained to believe that it was an error 
 of the head and not of the heart, on the part of those whose 
 names are attached to the circular, and unauthorized altogether 
 by the Chapter in Utica." (Grand Chapter Proceedings, 1830.) 
 
96 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Perhaps Companion Pennell's English birth aroused the 
 animosity of his traducers; however, the Grand Chapter 
 vindicated him by re-electing him Grand High Priest at 
 the same session. Companion Pennell did not attend the 
 Grand Chapter in 1831, but sent the following communi- 
 cation : 
 
 " New York, January 30, 1831. 
 " M. E. Companions : 
 
 " It is with unspeakable emotions of regret, that, owing to 
 a recent indisposition, I am deprived of the pleasure of attend- 
 ing the present session of the Grand Chapter; but I take the 
 opportunity of informing my Companions of my determination 
 to decline a re-election to the distinguished ofhce to which your 
 preferences have for two successive years called me. Elevated 
 as I was from the situation of Deputy Grand High Priest, 
 where I had previously been honored with your suffrages, it 
 could not be considered by me but as indicative of your kind 
 and approbatory feelings for an individual whose zeal for a 
 distinguished order was perhaps as unabating as his abilities 
 were few ; but that kindness and approbation have been to me 
 as a ' pillar of light ' in the cloud and tempest with which 
 masonry has been for a time temporarily enveloped. 
 
 "It is with no ordinary feelings of sensibility that I now 
 address you — a stranger I arrived on your hospitable shores, 
 and as a friend have I been welcomed. And, although occa- 
 sionally asperities have appeared in our path, the kind and 
 best feelings of your hearts have made the ' rugged paths 
 smooth.' 
 
 " Companions, in tendering this, my resignation, receive the 
 best wishes of a grateful and overburdened heart ; and believe 
 me when I assure you that no matter where kind Providence 
 may please to place me, nor in what country I may be destined 
 to reside, a Mason will always find in me a sincere friend. 
 
 " Receive, also, the renewed assurances of my respect and 
 esteem, and believe me to be your affectionate Companion, 
 
 " Richard Pennell." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 97 
 
 The Companions were moved to adopt the following 
 resolution : 
 
 " Resolved unanimously, That the thanks of this Grand 
 Chapter be presented to M. E. Richard Pennell, for the faith- 
 ful, able, and impartial manner in which he has discharged 
 the duties of the office of Grand High Priest of the Grand 
 Chapter." (Grand Chapter Proceedings, 1831.) 
 
 Companion Pennell was an active Templar. He was Com- 
 mander of Morton Commandery, No. 4, in 1824. There was 
 quite a contest between him and Oliver M. Lownds, son of 
 Thomas Lownds, and Commander of Columbian Comman- 
 dery, No. I, at that time, as to which one should have the 
 honor of knighting Lafayette. Sir Knight Lownds won the 
 day. 
 
 Most Excellent Companion Pennell died April 11, 1861, 
 and thus passed away a Companion, the light of whose benefi- 
 cent influence had been shed on the Chapter for nearly forty 
 years. 
 
CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 1830 
 
 James Robinson, High Priest 
 
 The annual meeting, held December 15, 1829, bore a 
 gloomy aspect, for although there were still a goodly 
 number of members on the rolls of the Chapter, the funds 
 had fallen to a low ebb. The Treasurer reported only 
 $56.62 on hand. The proposed Permanent Fund had com- 
 pletely vanished. Unpaid bills amounting to $25 were 
 presented. Twenty-six members paid dues at this convo- 
 cation, amounting to $16, which, with Companion Whit- 
 tlesey's exaltation fee, left about $67 for the incoming 
 High Priest to begin the new year with. 
 
 Notwithstanding a lack of work and candidates, twenty- 
 three meetings were held this year, many of them with 
 barely a constitutional number of the Companions present. 
 The outlook was so dark, about all they could do was to 
 commiserate with each other on the tmfortunate pass to 
 which the grand old Order had come. Dark days they 
 were indeed, not only for Jerusalem Chapter, but for the 
 Craft throughout the State. All of which was caused by 
 the fanaticism aroused by the mysterious death of the 
 miserable Morgan in Batavia, N. Y., three years pre- 
 viously. 
 
 At the January meeting the circular already referred to 
 as emanating from Oneida Chapter, No. 57, which deeply 
 afifected the character of M.-.E.. Companion Pennell, the 
 
 98 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 99 
 
 G. H. P. of the State, was received by the Chapter and 
 referred to a committee. 
 
 The committee reported the following resolutions and 
 recommended their adoption, viz. : 
 
 "Resolved, That the allegations and insinuations contained 
 in the circular of the committee of Oneida Chapter, are, in the 
 opinion of this Chapter, malicious and unfounded, and merit 
 the indignation of every worthy member of the fraternity. 
 
 " Resolved, That in the opinion of this Chapter the pro- 
 ceedings of Oneida Chapter are not only irregular and unwar- 
 ranted by Masonic usage, but unjust and cruel in the extreme, 
 in thus endeavoring to wrest from Dr. Pennell that which 
 should be dearer to him than his life (his reputation), and that 
 without giving him an opportunity to vindicate it." 
 
 Signed, Joseph Hoxie, 
 
 Maurice Hoyt, 
 William Belden. 
 
 Several propositions were received this year, but not a 
 candidate was exalted. 
 
 It became necessary to economize, and it was voted to 
 meet but once a month, the rent of room to be $40 per 
 annum. This vote was reconsidered, and it was then 
 voted to meet twice a month at $80 per annum. Under 
 this arrangement the Chapter was to have the full use of 
 the gas-lights. Illuminating gas, which was first intro- 
 duced into the city in 1825, was a luxury, and was used 
 with the greatest economy. The Chapter paid dues to 
 the Grand Chapter amounting to $29, thus paying for 
 fifty-eight members. 
 
 No particular merit can be attributed to Companion Robinson. 
 His work consisted of merely presiding at the meetings. Com- 
 panion Robinson was exalted in 1824. He hailed from St. 
 Andrew's Lodge. He was elected Captain of the Host in 1827, 
 
100 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 and King in 1828 and 1829. His occupation was that of sail- 
 maker, and from the fact that he withdrew from the Chapter 
 in 1835 it is quite probable he trimmed his sails with reference 
 to the Masonic wind then blowing, the direction of which 
 carried him away from the moorings of the old Craft of which 
 he once had been a master. 
 
CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 183 1 
 
 George Arnold, High Priest 
 
 Twenty-nine members paid annual dues at the elec-; 
 tion in 1830, amounting to $22.62^. At the April meet- 
 ing a committee was appointed to investigate the financial 
 condition of the Chapter. They reported that there was 
 $19.95 cash on hand, and bills owing as follows: Grand 
 Chapter, dues, $32; Tiler's bill, $34.44, and rent due to 
 November, 1830, $82, leaving a deficit of $128.49. It was 
 therefore voted at the May meeting to meet but once a 
 month. 
 
 At the June meeting it was voted to restore Companion 
 Truss to membership, he having become reformed. At 
 the December meeting a collection was taken, and $32.50 
 was raised among the members in aid of the Chapter funds. 
 
 Twenty-three meetings were held and two candidates 
 were exalted. 
 
 Companion Arnold, who was exalted in 1822, did not reach 
 the ofiSce of High Priest until a period when the greatest dis- 
 couragement prevailed, otherwise his record might have been 
 as brilliant as some of his predecessors. He is to be commended 
 for faithfulness under the trying circumstances of the times. 
 
 Companion Arnold was a ship pilot by occupation, and for 
 the little time he was at the helm of the Chapter he steered 
 the old ship safely and well, and made as good headway as it 
 was possible to do, considering the turbulence of the waters 
 which were then surging around the old Craft. 
 
 Companion Arnold moved to Michigan in 1834. 
 
CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 1832-33-34-35 
 Oliver Whittlesey, High Priest 
 
 Only thirteen meetings were held in 1832. Several 
 candidates were proposed, but two only were exalted. 
 
 Companion William Belden, who had filled the office 
 of Secretary with marked ability for six years, declined 
 further service at the annual meeting in 183 1. 
 
 At the March meeting in 1832 P. H. P. Whitlock was 
 reported dead, and the Chapter was ordered in mourning 
 for ninety days. 
 
 Very little business was transacted or work done this 
 year. The Asiatic cholera was epidemic in the summer 
 of 1832, and largely depopulated the city; in consequence 
 of this no meetings were held in August or September. 
 
 After the annual election in 1832 the Chapter did not 
 meet again until February, 1833. 
 
 Sixteen meetings were held in 1833. At the March 
 meeting it was voted to remove again to the Masonic 
 Hall. The Chapter began meeting there in May, 1833. 
 
 At the March meeting it is recorded that " Worshipful 
 P. H. P. James Herring was proposed by Companion 
 Arnold as an adjoining member." This refers to Com- 
 panion James Herring, Jr. He received the title of P. H. 
 P. by having been chosen High Priest of Temple Chapter, 
 which was organized by him in 1827, after his withdrawal 
 from Jerusalem Chapter. At the April meeting he was 
 balloted for and elected. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 103 
 
 Two candidates were exalted in 1833, several Compan- 
 ions rejoined the Chapter, and there was a slight rift in 
 the clouds. 
 
 In 1834 nineteen meetings were held. New By-laws 
 were adopted which eliminated some of the unreasonable 
 clauses of the original By-laws adopted in 1808. 
 
 Returns made to the Grand Chapter in February, 1834, 
 show that forty-two members were on the rolls in good 
 standing. Among them were the following Past High 
 Priests, viz.: Richard Pennell, George Arnold, Joseph 
 Hoxie, and James Herring, Jr. The Chapter paid dues 
 to the Grand Chapter amounting to $23.75, ^"^^ ^^^ 
 obliged to ask for a remission of the dues for 1832. Four 
 candidates were exalted in 1834, one of whom was Brother 
 Christian G. Gunther, founder of the great fur house of 
 C. G. Gunther's Sons and the father of Mayor Christian 
 G. Gunther. 
 
 At the annual election in December, 1834, Companion 
 Whittlesey was again called to the East. Nineteen meet- 
 ings were held in 1835. Only one candidate was exalted, 
 although two or three others received the minor degrees. 
 Very little of interest occurred, except the expulsion of 
 a former Secretary and a former Treasurer, each of whom 
 had withheld funds belonging to the Chapter. In the case 
 of the former, he made restitution and was restored. 
 
 On March 17, 1835, the Chapter met in conjunction 
 with Ancient Chapter to receive the G. H. P., the D. G. 
 H. P., and the Grand Treasurer of the Grand Chapter. 
 
 The Chapter adjourned on June 17th for three months. 
 The annual election, held December 16, 1835, resulted in 
 a change of ofificers. Companion Whittlesey announced 
 to the Companions that he would not be a candidate for 
 re-election. He thanked the Chapter for the kind support 
 it had given him for four years past and signified his will- 
 
104 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ingness to discharge the duties in any minor station the 
 Companions might deem proper to assign him. 
 
 The great fire which occurred in New York City in 1835 
 fortunately did not spread to such an extent that the Chap- 
 ter lost any of its valuables, and although this and other 
 conflagrations have laid waste much that the Craft would 
 gladly have saved, Jerusalem Chapter, though slightly 
 scorched on one or two occasions, has been singularly ex- 
 empt from any serious loss. 
 
 Companion Whittlesey certainly showed great faithfulness 
 through these, the darkest days which Freemasonry has ever 
 experienced. The quiet but constant endeavors of the High 
 Priest to hold the Companions together are deserving of our 
 most profound gratitude. He seems to have been specially 
 raised up to carry the Chapter through this trying ordeal, and 
 save it for the benefit of future generations. Older, more brill- 
 iant, and more experienced Companions were still members of 
 the Chapter, but it fell to the lot of Companion Whittlesey to be 
 placed at its head within two years of his exaltation, there to 
 reign for four years, during which period thousands of Masons 
 renounced their allegiance to the Craft. It is true that the po- 
 litical opposition to Masonry had spent itself as early as 1832, 
 but the period of social ostracism continued for many years. 
 The Grand Secretary reported only forty-nine Lodges repre- 
 sented at the Grand Lodge session in 1835. Out of five hundred 
 Lodges on the rolls in 1826, four hundred and twenty had sur- 
 rendered their warrants, while many Lodges throughout the 
 State had distributed their property and funds and allowed 
 their warrants to disappear or be destroyed. A bare existence 
 was about all the twenty odd Lodges in New York City sought 
 for, and it will be seen how very difficult it was for a Chapter 
 of Royal Arch Masons to hold together. 
 
 Among the Lodges which surrendered their warrants in 
 1835 was St. Andrew's, No. 7, a Lodge which furnished the 
 Chapter with some of its brightest Companions. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER lOS 
 
 Companion Whittlesey, who served the Chapter with such 
 unwavering fidelity in this gloomy period of depression, was a 
 member of Minerva Lodge. He was a jeweller by trade and 
 had a shop at No. 4 Tryon Row. 
 
 His record shows that he was of pure gold, and that he 
 came through the furnace of persecution a bright and shining 
 example of the faithful Companion. 
 
 After his retirement as High Priest he was elected Principal 
 Sojourner in 1836, and Captain of the Host in 1837 ^^^ 1838. 
 
 There is no record of his death or withdrawal. His name 
 was recorded for the last time in January, 1839. 
 
CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 1836 
 
 Levi Strangman, High Priest 
 
 Only six meetings were held this year. In fact, no 
 meetings were held from March i6th to December 21st. 
 No candidates were proposed, elected, or exalted; prac- 
 tically no business whatever was transacted. 
 
 The Chapter made a mistake in electing Companion Strang- 
 man High Priest. Why he was chosen is not clear. Perhaps 
 he was the only one willing to assume the position. He joined 
 the Chapter in 1825, withdrew in 1827, and later rejoined, 
 after which he served as Captain of the Host and Scribe. He 
 was a carpenter, and his shop was at No. 364 Broome Street. 
 Companion Strangman was expelled December 4, 1837, in 
 accordance with instructions from the D. G. H. P. He was a 
 Past Master of Silentia Lodge, which joined the Atwood forces 
 in 1837. 
 
 106 
 
CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 1837-1838 
 
 James Herring, Jr., High Priest 
 
 At the annual election, held December 21, 1836, the 
 Chapter decided to call up its strongest men, those who 
 would extricate it, if possible, from the slough in which it 
 was so fast held, and James Herring, Jr. — although the Jr. 
 was not at that time attached to his name, his father in 
 all probability having passed away — ^was elected High 
 Priest. Richard Pennell, the old wheel-horse of the Chap- 
 ter, was elected King, and Ransom Crosby, who joined in 
 1824, but heretofore had taken little active part, was 
 elected Scribe. Thus all the Past High Priests of the 
 Chapter were assigned to active positions. At this meet- 
 ing Companion Truss was for the second time restored to 
 membership. 
 
 Under the energetic management of Companion Her- 
 ring, who was at that time Grand Secretary of the Grand 
 Lodge, the Chapter took on a new lease of life. Fifteen 
 meetings were held. At the first meeting in January 
 Companion Herring proposed five adjoining members, 
 among them Companion R. R. Boyd, later a High Priest 
 of the Chapter. Several more adjoining members were 
 added during the year. The only exaltation recorded for 
 the year was held on the afternoon of July 4th at the 
 Howard House, where the Chapter began meeting in May. 
 Nearly all the meetings were held in conjunction with 
 
 107 
 
Io8 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Ancient Chapter, or Phoenix Chapter; sometimes all 
 three would meet at the same time. Additional trouble 
 was in store for the Chapter, as will be seen by a com- 
 munication of the Grand High Priest. The Grand Bodies 
 were determined to uphold the dignity and ancient usages 
 of the Craft and compel every brother to show where he 
 stood. The following communication from the D. G. H. P., 
 issued by direction of the G. H. P., caused the expulsion 
 of several Companions: 
 
 " To the Companions Royal Arch Masons of Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter, No. 8. 
 " Respected Companions : I have received a communica- 
 tion from the Grand Secretary of the Grand Chapter of the 
 State of New York, that it is the opinion of the Grand Council 
 that all persons who have been expelled by any Lodge of com- 
 petent Jurisdiction, from all the rights and privileges of Ma- 
 sonry, should be forbidden to visit, or sit in any Chapter of 
 Royal Arch Masons, and that it is the duty of all Royal Arch 
 Masons to abstain from all Masonic communication with per- 
 sons so expelled. 
 
 " I have deemed it my duty to communicate the same to the 
 different Chapters for their information and guidance. Re- 
 spectfully, I remain. Companions, 
 
 " Yours fraternally, 
 
 " Richard Ellis, D. G. H. P., 
 " of the G. C. of the S. of N. Y." 
 " 14 Cherry Street, 
 " 14th November A.L. 5837. 
 
 The High Priest, after directing that the above should 
 be entered at length on the minutes, informed the Chap- 
 ter that he considered himself bound to conform to the 
 opinions expressed by the Grand Council, and that he 
 should accordingly refuse admittance to expelled Masons 
 at all meetings of this Chapter. 
 
I^^^^^^^W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Er-"'-»-^'.3t;-f ■.■■•■;;--,■■■■ ... .;W^^^^b| 
 
 
 
 
 (^^^f^^^^^ /r^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 109 
 
 This communication caused the Chapter to expel Com- 
 panions Strangman and Truss and several others, their 
 Lodges having been expelled from the Grand Lodge. This 
 was the year of the Atwood schism. Companion Herring 
 was Secretary of the Grand Lodge at the time, and with 
 the Deputy Grand Master held that it was an edict of the 
 Grand Lodge that Lodges should not parade in public. 
 Certain Lodges persisted, and under the lead of Henry C. 
 Atwood seceded from the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The year 1838 was uneventful. The Chapter met more 
 or less regularly at the Howard House, but, strange to 
 say. Companion Herring presided at two meetings only. 
 M. .E.-. Companion Richard Ellis of Ancient Chapter, the 
 then D. G. H. P. of the State, presided at the remaining 
 ten meetings. Companions Jarvis and Mason — not of 
 Jerusalem Chapter — acted respectively as King and Scribe 
 at nearly all of the meetings. The returns to the Grand 
 Chapter at the annual session in 1838 contained thirty 
 names only in good standing, among them P. H. Priests 
 Pennell, Whittlesey, and Herring. 
 
 . At the April meeting Brother W. W. Nexsen of St. 
 John's Lodge, No. i, was proposed and later exalted; he 
 was the only Companion exalted during this year. 
 
 Brother Greenfield Pote of Mount Moriah Lodge was 
 proposed at the May meeting, but was not exalted until 
 the following year. Brother Pote gained the distinction 
 later of contributing the first dollar paid into the fund for 
 the erection of the new Masonic Temple. 
 
 Companion Herring deserves a warm spot in the hearts of 
 all Masons. To him, perhaps, more than any other, is due the 
 credit of having kept the Grand Lodge from experiencing a 
 hiatus in its existence. 
 
 Companion Herring was appointed Assistant Secretary of 
 
no HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 the Grand Lodge September 3, 1828, and was elected Secre- 
 tary June 3, 1829. During the period of his service as Grand 
 Secretary, events of great importance occurred. In 1826 the 
 mysterious disappearance of William Morgan from Batavia, 
 N. Y., said to have been caused by his publishing an expose 
 of Freemasonry, created an anti-Masonic spirit among the 
 residents of that section of the State, which was fanned into a 
 flame that had enveloped the entire Commonwealth by 1828, 
 and aroused the most bitter denunciation of Freemasonry on 
 all sides. The feeling thus created caused thousands of the 
 Craft to renounce their allegiance to the Masonic institution. 
 
 " Lodge after Lodge closed its doors. Hundreds surren- 
 dered their Charters. Many did not even take the trouble to 
 observe this formality and simply stood abandoned. As the 
 excitement progressed, men who were known to be Freemasons 
 w-ere hooted and jeered at on the streets, and found their per- 
 sonal safety often in peril. Persuasion, as well as force and 
 threats, were used to induce the brethren to renounce their 
 oaths. Doctors were compelled to do so to retain their pa- 
 tients; tradesmen to transact their business; and clergymen 
 to be regarded as loyal to their Master. The bitterness of the 
 struggle handicapped all officials in public life who were known 
 or suspected of belonging to the Craft. A candidate for any 
 political office, who had expressed even a degree of sympathy 
 for the institution, who thought that Freemasons were entitled 
 to fair treatment as were all other classes of citizens, was a 
 marked man, and his canvass weakened if not ruined." 
 (Ross's " History of Freemasonry in New York.") 
 
 But the excitement brought forth the most energetic efforts 
 on Companion Herring's part to stem the tide. " He stood 
 firm as a rock, while the hurricane of destruction levelled the 
 greater number of the Lodges in the State ; and the Lodges of 
 the City of New York are indebted to him for their salvation 
 during that stormy period. In spite of threats and dangers, 
 he managed to induce the Grand Lodge not to cease its regular 
 meetings." 
 
 As a master stroke he conceived the idea of having the 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER m 
 
 Grand Lodge elect as its Grand Master, General Morgan 
 Lewis, a revolutionary patriot, who was beloved and respected 
 by the whole people. Without previously consulting the Gen- 
 eral, the Grand Lodge elected him to the office of Grand Mas- 
 ter, and much to the gratification and no doubt to the surprise 
 of the committee who waited upon him to inform him of his 
 election, he accepted it forthwith and for fourteen years the 
 Craft enjoyed his wise leadership. 
 
 Companion Herring was born in London, Eng., January 
 12, 1794. He was educated under the watchful eye of his 
 father, after whom he was named, and who instilled into him 
 the feeling of interest for the American Republic, then in the 
 early years of its existence, which he himself felt for her in- 
 stitutions. In 1805 the family emigrated to this country, and 
 young Herring finished his education at an academy in Flat- 
 bush, L. L He became a portrait painter, and in 1832 pub- 
 lished " The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri- 
 cans," of which all of the portraits were painted by himself. 
 Companion Herring was made a Mason in Solomon's Lodge, 
 Somerville, N. J., in 1816. On July 29th of the same year, 
 he was proposed for membership in Jerusalem Chapter. He 
 was then a little more than twenty-two years of age. He did 
 not remove to New York until 1822, and, therefore, did not 
 take an active part in the Chapter until then. He affiliated with 
 Independent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2, and later with Clinton 
 Lodge, No. 143, and became Master of the latter Lodge in 1827. 
 He was re-elected Master each year from 1828 to 1832 and 
 again in 1834, a period when it did not add to a man's popu- 
 larity or advantage to be a leader in Freemasonry. In 1833 
 Clinton Lodge united with St. John's Lodge, No. i, and Com- 
 panion Herring, therefore, became a member of the latter 
 Lodge. Later he was the leading Charter member, and first 
 Master of Strict Observance Lodge, No. 94. Companion 
 Herring was Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge until 1846. 
 In 1849 he became Grand Secretary of the schismatic body 
 known as the Phillips Grand Lodge, which was terminated by 
 the union of the two Grand Lodges in 1858. 
 
112 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Companion Herring was also interested in Templar Ma- 
 sonry. He was Commander of Columbian Commandery, No. 
 I, from 1826 to 1831, Deputy Grand Commander of the Grand 
 Commandery from 1829 to 1833, and Grand Commander in 
 1834. He was Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment of 
 the United States 1829-35, Grand Generalissimo of the same 
 from 1835 to 1841. His interest in the Capitular Rite was 
 nearly as great as that which he had for Ancient Craft Masonry. 
 He was Treasurer of Jerusalem Chapter in 1825 and 1826, but 
 withdrew in the latter year to form, with others. Temple Chap- 
 ter, of which he was the first and only High Priest. Temple 
 Chapter became defunct shortly after, and for five years he was 
 not connected with any Chapter of Royal Arch Masons. He re- 
 joined Jerusalem Chapter April 22, 1833, just at a time when 
 it needed support. Others who had enjoyed high honors in 
 the Chapter, and who should have stood by it, were withdraw- 
 ing their names from the rolls. Companion Herring not only 
 rejoined, but he gave the Chapter the benefit of his position and 
 influence as Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, and per- 
 haps by his encouragement kept it alive. He was rewarded 
 by election to the office of High Priest in 1837 and 1838, and 
 was elected King in 1839. He was elected General Grand 
 Secretary of the General Grand Chapter in 1842. 
 
 Companion Herring was an orator of considerable power, 
 and delivered many public addresses. In an address which 
 he made in 1837 he referred to the Morgan affair and set forth 
 the true position of the Craft in this matter in the following 
 succinct and eloquent statement: "In the autumn of 1826, 
 Masonry received a most tremendous and unexpected shock. 
 Three persons in Batavia, two of whom were said to be Ma- 
 sons, agreed to publish a book on Freemasonry, and bound 
 themselves by oath to each other to keep their speculation 
 secret, until it should be published. But the third party, con- 
 cluding that a still-bom book would be likely to cost more than 
 it would return, betrayed the secret to the Masons of his ac- 
 quaintance, and urged them by all means to prevent its pub- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 113 
 
 lication. Without knowing more about the embryo volume 
 than he chose to communicate, they fell into the snare and 
 attempted by violence to destroy the manuscript and the print- 
 ing-office altogether. 
 
 " They then devised a plan to remove the reputed author 
 out of the influence of his associates, and he accordingly passed 
 from place to place to the Niagara frontier, where all trace of 
 him is lost, and the general belief is that there he perished by 
 violence. That such an outrage on the liberty and life of a 
 citizen should be followed up by public indignation was natural 
 and right; and the guilty in this case, so far as could be dis- 
 covered, were punished. But an extraordinary excitement pre- 
 vailed through all parts of the community. Great numbers 
 were believed to have been concerned in the abduction and ca- 
 tastrophe, who were shielded and protected by Masonic influ- 
 ence in high places. The whole Masonic Fraternity was 
 charged with guilt; the Institution and its members were de- 
 nounced as dangerous; churches, families, and friends were 
 divided; and the whole social system was for a long time up- 
 rooted and dismembered. Now all this excitement against 
 Masonry was founded upon false premises. No Masonic duty 
 interferes with the duty a man owes to his country. The ab- 
 ductors of Morgan were as much without excuse as though 
 they had not been Masons, and their crime was never palliated 
 nor defended by the Fraternity in general, nor by the Grand 
 Lodge in particular, nor was there even a dollar of the funds 
 appropriated to aid or shield the guilty." 
 
 To Companion Herring is due the credit for devising the 
 scheme which resulted in the establishment of the Hall and 
 Asylum Fund of which the present generation is reaping the 
 benefits. 
 
 " Companion Herring removed to Paris, France, after the 
 union of the Grand Lodges in 1858, and died there at the resi- 
 dence of his daughter October 8, 1867. On October loth his 
 remains were forwarded to New York. 
 
 " The religious funeral services were held in St. Stephen's 
 
114 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Church, Sunday, October 27th, in the presence of an immense 
 congregation. The Masonic ceremonies were performed at 
 Greenwood Cemetery, by his Lodge, which with several New 
 York and Brooklyn Lodges made an imposing procession." 
 
 " Peaceful he sleeps, with all our rights adorned, 
 Forever honored and forever mourned." 
 
CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 1839 
 Alexander Copeland, High Priest 
 
 The Chapter continued to take on new life during 1839. 
 Thirty-four names were reported to the Grand Chapter for 
 the year ending 1838, and this number was augmented 
 by the exaltation of six candidates during the year. 
 Twenty-one meetings were held. 
 
 Of Companion Copeland there is little to record. His busi- 
 ness consisted of selling groceries at No. 656 Water Street. 
 
 As High Priest he labored under great disadvantages, yet 
 received the heartfelt thanks of his Companions. He withdrew 
 from the Chapter in 1843, immediately after his second term as 
 High Priest. Probably he then became connected with Nas- 
 sau Chapter. He represented that Chapter at one of the Grand 
 Chapter sessions. 
 
 "5 
 
CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 1840 
 
 Richard Pennell, High Priest 
 
 For the third time M.-.E.. Companion Pennell was called 
 upon to take charge of the Chapter — for what reason, is 
 not stated. Companion Copeland seemed to have done 
 as well as some of his predecessors, if not better. Com- 
 panion Copeland courteously accepted election as Cap- 
 tain of the Host, which showed there was no feeling of 
 resentment on his part in not having been re-elected. 
 
 Companion B. de Lapierre, who had been a faithful mem- 
 ber of the Chapter since 1812, was elected Treasurer. 
 
 Twenty-two meetings were held this year and five can- 
 didates were exalted, two of them future High Priests — - 
 Companions Rowell and E. W. Nexsen. 
 
 At the annual election Companion W. W. Nexsen was 
 elected High Priest. 
 
 116 
 
CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 1841 
 
 W. W. Nexsen, High Priest 
 
 Twenty-two meetings were held in 1841. On July 
 1st the Chapter changed its meeting-place to the Barnes 
 Building, No. 33 Canal Street, a room in which building 
 they had hired and fitted up in conjunction with Ancient 
 and Phoenix Chapters and Columbian and Morton Com- 
 manderies; each body agreeing to pay rent at $60 per 
 annum. Companion James Herring withdrew from the 
 Chapter this year. Four candidates were exalted. 
 
 Companion W. W. Nexsen hailed from St. John's Lodge, 
 No. I, and was a Past Master of this Lodge. He was a 
 brother, probably, of Companion E. W. Nexsen. He was a 
 printer by trade. He was active in the work of the Chapter 
 and filled several minor offices. He was Secretary of the Chap- 
 ter for four years, but was very irregular in his attendance 
 while filling that office, and the minutes were frequently left 
 unread, as both the Secretary and books were absent. He was 
 suspended in 185 1. He rejoined the Chapter in 1859, and 
 was later made a life member. He died September 26, 1884. 
 
 117 
 
CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 1842 
 
 Charles S. Rowell, High Priest 
 
 Considerable prosperity attended the Chapter in 
 1842. Twenty-five meetings were held, five candidates 
 were exalted, and several Companions rejoined the Chap- 
 ter. The report to the Grand Chapter in 1842 contained 
 thirty-seven names, which, though many less than the 
 Chapter had had on its rolls fifteen years previously, still 
 it was a great improvement over the numbers reported for 
 several years past. 
 
 At the meeting held January 3, 1842, the By-laws were 
 amended so that it required only a plurality of votes to 
 elect officers, instead of a majority as heretofore. 
 
 Companion Rowell was a member of old St. John's Lodge, 
 No. I. For some years he was active in the work of the Chapter 
 and filled various offices, but his interest flagged, and in 1849 
 he was dropped for non-payment of dues. 
 
 In 1845 he was Commander of Columbian Commandery, 
 No. I. 
 
 He was a dentist, his office being at No. 23 Chambers Street. 
 
 118 
 
CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 1843 
 Alexander Copeland, High Priest 
 
 The year 1842 was closed showing an increase in num- 
 bers, but the Chapter was still very poor in purse. There 
 was but $13.17 on hand at the annual election, and some 
 bills remained unpaid. 
 
 At the first meeting held in 1843 ^ motion was made 
 " that the landlord be requested to furnish a stove, or 
 stoves, to suitably warm the room." A committee was 
 appointed to wait upon the landlord forthwith. The com- 
 mittee soon returned with this report, viz. : " that they 
 had performed the duty assigned them, and the landlord 
 informed them he would comply with the request of the 
 committee when the Chapter paid their rent." Evidently 
 it was a case of " freeze-out " on the part of the landlord. 
 
 Companion Copeland attended the session of the Grand 
 Chapter at Albany in February, and on his return made 
 a very complete report of the proceedings, concluding 
 with these words : " I take pleasure in saying that every- 
 thing connected with the Institution manifested a pros- 
 perous condition, with a revival of several dormant War- 
 rants." 
 
 Twenty-eight meetings were held this year, but only 
 three candidates were exalted. 
 
 119 
 
CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 1844 
 
 Robert R. Boyd, High Priest 
 
 At the annual election, held December i8th, a surprise 
 came by the election of Robert R. Boyd to the office of 
 High Priest. The only office he had heretofore filled was 
 that of Captain of the Host in 1839. Companion Cope- 
 land, the retiring High Priest, resigned immediately after 
 the election, also one or two others withdrew, so that there 
 were but thirty-four members to be reported to the Grand 
 Chapter. The Standing Committee reported " that there 
 were $33 outstanding dues, which if paid to the Chapter 
 there would be a balance of $2.42 in the Treasury." 
 
 This was an exceedingly poor year for the Chapter in 
 every respect. Only eleven meetings were held. How the 
 Chapter came to be so unfortunate cannot now be explained. 
 Companion Boyd was elected D. G. H. P. at the annual 
 session of the Grand Chapter. The By-laws were care- 
 fully revised, and some propositions were received, but 
 not a candidate was exalted throughout the year. 
 
 A motion was made at the June meeting that " Jerusa- 
 lem Chapter, No. 8, suspend its regular nights of meeting 
 and meet in conjunction with some other Chapter, at the 
 will of the High Priest." After that, one meeting was 
 held in August, but the Chapter did not meet again until 
 the annual election. The minutes would lead one to in- 
 fer that Companion Boyd, having had his ambitions grati- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 121 
 
 fied, did not care to do anything further to help the 
 Chapter along to greater prosperity. 
 
 Possessed of a large amount of energy Companion Boyd 
 managed to receive many honors in Masonry, but in nearly all 
 positions he failed to uphold the true dignity and work which 
 they entailed. His work as High Priest of the Chapter was 
 a fair example of what he did in other positions. He was 
 elected D. G. H. P. of the Grand Chapter in February, 1844, 
 and was re-elected in 1845, 1846, 1847, ^iid 1848. He was 
 elected Grand High Priest in 1849 ^"d 1850. 
 
 It is true that Royal Arch Masonry was at a very low 
 ebb while Companion Boyd was the D. G. H. P. of the Grand 
 Chapter. From 1833 to 1847 less than a score of Chapters 
 were represented at the annual sessions of the Grand Chapter, 
 and not all of these paid annual dues. Thus, the Grand Body 
 as well as the subordinate Chapters had a very precarious ex- 
 istence. In 1847, only fourteen Chapters were represented, 
 among them Jerusalem, No. 8. There were also two reported 
 as under dispensation which were in reality applications for 
 restoration. This was a mighty fall from the one hundred or 
 more Chapters reporting to the Grand Chapter in 1827. For 
 twenty years the winds of adversity had swept over the Royal 
 Craft, but now the breeze had changed its course and the pros- 
 pects for better weather were bright. Unfortunately, M.-.E.-. 
 Companion Boyd did little to encourage it. At the time that 
 he was holding the position of Chief of Capitular Masonry, he 
 was Secretary of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Companion Boyd was elected Grand Secretary of the Grand 
 Lodge in 1846, running in opposition to Companion James 
 Herring, who had filled that office since 1828. 
 
 The following year, 1847, ^e was again elected Grand Sec- 
 retary, Bro. Herring running as the opposing candidate. Dur- 
 ing all this time trouble was brewing between the city and 
 country brethren in the Grand Lodge, with reference to the 
 restriction of representatives ; it being the desire of the coun- 
 try Lodges to eliminate the Past Masters. The country breth- 
 
122 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ren were most persistent in trying to bring this about. For 
 the third time, in 1848, Companion Boyd was pitted against 
 Companion Herring for the office of Grand Secretary and de- 
 feated him. The storm which had been brewing burst at the 
 Grand Lodge session held in 1849. Whichever faction was in 
 the right, or however beneficial the result of the action taken at 
 that time, is not to be judged here, but Companion Boyd, the 
 Grand Secretary, was clearly irregular in reporting that cer- 
 tain amendments had been accepted by a majority of the 
 Lodges, before calling the roll of Lodges. This action pre- 
 cipitated the disorder and confusion which followed the an- 
 nouncement, whereas a clearer head might have prevented the 
 tumult, if not altogether stopped the formation of a third Grand 
 Lodge in New York, which was the result before the close of 
 the following day. Companion Boyd's career, personal and 
 Masonic, was, to say the least, unfortunate and full of trouble 
 throughout his whole life. He was Master of Howard Lodge, 
 No. 35, in 1828 and 1833, Commander of Columbian Com- 
 mandery. No. i, 1841, 1842, 1843, and 1844, and Grand Com- 
 mander of Knights Templar of the State of New York, 1845 
 to 1849. He was for many years engaged in the wholesale dry 
 goods trade. He died in Connecticut, September 3, 1878. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 1845 
 William H. Skeats, High Priest 
 
 A LITTLE more life was instilled into the work and pro- 
 ceedings of the Chapter this year. Twenty-one meetings, 
 regular, special, and adjourned, were held. Companion 
 Skeats, the new High Priest, had been active for several 
 years, although not continuously in office. The mem- 
 bership was small, and many of the members were so 
 lacking in interest it was difficult to get the offices filled. 
 It was therefore necessary to elect three Past High Priests 
 to subordinate offices, viz. : W. W. Nexsen, Secretary; 
 Charles S. Rowell, Royal Arch Captain; and Robert R. 
 Boyd, Master of the 3d Vail. Only thirty-three members 
 were reported at the February session of the Grand 
 Chapter. 
 
 Early in the year the Chapter voted to meet in con- 
 junction with Phoenix Chapter. It was still meeting at 
 the Barnes Building, No. 33 Canal Street, but in April it 
 was voted to meet thereafter at Warren Hall. The rent 
 of this hall was $25 per annum. 
 
 At the March meeting Brother Oscar Coles of Inde- 
 pendent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2, was proposed for ex- 
 altation by M.'.E.-. Companion Pennell. Brother Coles and 
 two others were the only candidates exalted this year. At 
 the May meeting M.-.E.-. Companion Boyd made the fol- 
 lowing statement, viz. : " that he had, some four years 
 since, during a debate in relation to the conduct of a cer- 
 
 123 
 
124 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 tain Companion, made a remark relating to Companion 
 James Herring which was injudicious, and he was sorry 
 he made it, and wished this entered on the minutes of 
 the Chapter." 
 
 Possibly the discussion above referred to may have been 
 the cause of Companion Herring's withdrawal in 1841. 
 
 Companion Skeats was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter in 
 1826. He withdrew with others to form Temple Chapter, and 
 was readmitted as rejoining member in 1837. After filling 
 various positions, he was elected High Priest in 1845, ^^d con- 
 tinued a member until the suspension of his Lodge by the Grand 
 Lodge in 1851. He was a plasterer by occupation. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 1846 
 
 Elias W. Nexsen, High Priest 
 
 Not a candidate was exalted in 1846, and although 
 sixteen meetings were held they were very irregularly at- 
 tended by the officers. The meetings were frequently pre- 
 sided over and officered by members of other Chapters. 
 It was again found necessary to elect several Past High 
 Priests to the subordinate offices. In consequence of the 
 difficulty of obtaining a quorum, and the expense of a 
 meeting-place, a committee was appointed in the early 
 part of the year to confer with Phoenix and Ancient Chap- 
 ters, and prepare an agreement whereby they could meet 
 in conjunction. An elaborate form was prepared, but was 
 not adopted. 
 
 Companion George Skinner of Ancient Chapter, No. i, 
 the present Sentinel of our Chapter, was marked as a- vis- 
 itor October 7, 1846. 
 
 Companion E. W. Nexsen, presumably a brother of Com- 
 panion W. W. Nexsen, hailed from St. John's Lodge, No. i. 
 He was quite active in the work and filled various minor of- 
 fices, before and after serving as High Priest. He was Prin- 
 cipal Sojourner for three years. His Lodge was suspended by 
 the Grand Lodge in 1851, and he was in consequence barred 
 from further membership in the Chapter. 
 
 He was a ganger and later a merchant. 
 
 125 
 
CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 1847-1848 
 
 Oscar Coles, High Priest 
 
 Twenty-two meetings were held in 1847, and under 
 the vigorous administration of Companion Coles the Chap- 
 ter was prosperous. Thirty-one members were reported to 
 the Grand Chapter in February, among them Past High 
 Priests Pennell, Boyd, Rowell, Skeats, W. W. and E. W. 
 Nexsen. Seven candidates were exalted, among them 
 Charles L. Church, who afterward became Grand High 
 Priest of the State and Grand Treasurer of the Grand 
 Lodge. On April 21st the Chapter removed to the How- 
 ard House. 
 
 The bright prospects which seemed to lie before the 
 Chapter were dissipated in 1848. Companion Coles was 
 re-elected High Priest, but the fates were against him. 
 Ten meetings only were held and two candidates only were 
 exalted. From May 24th to November 24th every date 
 of the regular meetings is marked " No quorum " in the 
 records. 
 
 Companion Coles was a man of much force of character and 
 his career in Freemasonry was eventful. At the time of his 
 election as High Priest he was engaged in the ship-chandlery 
 business. Originally hailing from Independent Royal Arch 
 Lodge, No. 2, he withdrew from that Lodge in 1845, with sev- 
 eral other brethren, and formed Manitou Lodge, No. 106. He 
 was its first Master, and served in that capacity for five years. 
 In 1848 Companion Coles was elected Deputy Grand Master of 
 
 126 
 
OSCAR COLES. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 127. 
 
 the Grand Lodge, in opposition to Brother Isaac Phillips who 
 afterward formed the schismatic " Phillips Grand Lodge." 
 He was active and instrumental in bringing about the reunion 
 of the regular Grand Lodge and the schismatic " St. Johns " 
 or " Atwood " Grand Lodge, which occurred in 1850, and was 
 elected the first Grand Master of these reunited Grand Bodies 
 in 1851. 
 
 Companion Coles exerted himself to get the Phillips seceders 
 to abandon their schism, and to him, perhaps more than to any 
 other man, is due the credit of bringing them back into the true 
 fold. On his retirement from the office of Grand Master he 
 delivered an address full of dignified sentiments and of hope- 
 ful augury for the ultimate reunion of the Craft. 
 
 M.-.E.-.Companion Coles was elected Deputy Grand High 
 Priest of the Grand Chapter in February, 1851, and was unani- 
 mously elected Grand High Priest in 1852, which election he 
 declined, as will be seen by the following extract from the 
 proceedings of the Grand Chapter: 
 
 " Companion Coles expressed his grateful acknowledgments 
 to the Grand Chapter for this distinguished mark of their con- 
 fidence, and this manifestation of their approval of the manner 
 in which he had discharged the duties of the past, most ex- 
 pectedly devolving upon him during the past year, but respect- 
 fully declined accepting the office." " A resolution was adopted 
 thanking the Excellent Companion for the prompt, able, and 
 efficient manner in which he had discharged the duties of the 
 office of Grand High Priest which devolved upon him by the 
 death of the G. H. P. Orville Hungerford." 
 
 Companion Coles was also active in Templarism. He was 
 Commander of Columbian Commandery, No. i, in 1847 ^"d 
 1848. He was elected Deputy Grand Commander of the Grand 
 Commandery in 1851, and was Grand Recorder of that body 
 for two years previously. 
 
 He served as Treasurer of Jerusalem Chapter in 1850 and 
 1 85 1. Those were busy years for Companion Coles, but there 
 is every evidence that he discharged the duties appertaining to 
 all of the various offices he filled with dignity and faithfulness. 
 
128 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Companion Coles remained a member of the Chapter until 1867, 
 when he withdrew.* 
 
 As has been well said of him, " The work of such a man has 
 its influence for years after the work is performed, and the 
 brethren rejoice to honor one whose voice was always raised 
 in the cause of peace and harmony, and whose every effort was 
 for unity in action." 
 
 As a specimen of the oratorical ability displayed by Com- 
 panion Coles, the address delivered by him at the annual con- 
 vocation of the Grand Chapter in 185 1 is herein incorporated. 
 The Grand High Priest, M. .E.-. Companion Hungerford, died 
 while in office, hence certain allusions in the address. 
 
 His reference to the harmony and reunion of the two Grand 
 Lodges, which was consummated the previous year, is couched 
 in simple but significant language. 
 
 " Companions : 
 
 " Once more, through the beneficence of Divine Providence, 
 we are permitted to assemble within these walls, to engage in 
 friendly deliberations upon subjects directly connected with the 
 interests of our beloved order ; and I do sincerely trust that we 
 bring with us such sober judgment and kindness of temper 
 as will render our deliberations effective and of benefit to all. 
 You have left your homes and here meet to extend to each other 
 the grip of friendship ; but our altar, covered with the solemn 
 emblems of mourning, reminds us that he who should bid us 
 welcome, he who should have occupied the position held by 
 me, is not here. In this council one is missing. Its chief dwells 
 no more among us. Ere we fully knew his worth, ere we had 
 learned to appreciate his kindness of heart and gentle nature, 
 ere the body who had selected him as its presiding officer had 
 enjoyed the benefit of their choice. Death, the grand leveller 
 of human greatness, claimed him for his own. We feel his loss 
 and mourn it. We feel that if society has been deprived of a 
 useful and valuable citizen, the Grand Chapter has lost a 
 
 * Companion Coles passed from this earth to the life everlasting on the 12th 
 day of October, 1899, at Bellport, L. I. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 129 
 
 worthy and beloved Companion. May the gentle spirit of him 
 who has gone from us hover over and among us, and impart 
 to us some of his kindly nature. 
 
 " Although time may have softened the anguish of his fam- 
 ily, and a fresh reference to their loss may rekindle feelings 
 dark and mournful within their hearts, yet our duty prompts 
 us to share their griefs and show to them that we, too, mourn 
 the death of our beloved chief. We should pour consolation 
 into the wounded spirits of his relatives, by expressing our 
 hopes that he whose guileless life endeared him to his fellow- 
 men, having finished his course upon the broad level of time, 
 has been wafted to the boundless realms of eternity, to be re- 
 ceived into that Grand Chapter above, where the Supreme 
 Grand High Priest alone presides. 
 
 " Companions, to you I leave the task of paying such a tribute 
 to his memory as affection alone can prompt. 
 
 " It affords me much gratification to be enabled to report 
 that the utmost harmony prevails throughout our branch of 
 the Masonic family, and that a manifest increase is perceptible. 
 The number of Lodges has swelled to an extent almost incred- 
 ible, and Masonry has revived in portions of the State where 
 the name of Brother has not been heard for many years. The 
 struggles we have been forced to encounter are ended. The 
 poisoned shafts of political ambition which were levelled 
 against the time-worn walls of our old institution have lost 
 their venom. The demagogies, who knowing little of, and 
 caring less, for the principles taught by us, are silent, and 
 Masonry from her lofty eminence now looks down upon the 
 stream of time, carrying upon its resistless and impetuous cur- 
 rent those who raised the standard of persecution against her. 
 
 " Chapters are formed from Lodges, Companions from 
 Brothers, and may we not be permitted to draw a reasonable 
 inference in our Lodges, that the same spirit which animates 
 the growth of Masonry will continue, and that in a few short 
 years this Grand Chapter will assume that high and lofty posi- 
 tion she attained in the days of the immortal Clinton. Upon 
 you who are members of this body devolve many duties; to 
 
130 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 you, as the Representatives of Royal Arch Masonry through- 
 out the State, your Chapters look for calm deliberation and 
 sound judgment upon all matters which may be presented to 
 you. Let me then ask that all personal feelings, if any such 
 exist, be laid aside, and that each and all of you perform the 
 several duties assigned you without a thought of sectional 
 interest, but with a sincere and honest determination to act for 
 all." 
 
CHAPTER XL. 
 
 1849 
 
 George Ackerman, High Priest 
 
 The Chapter made a weak selection in the choice of 
 its High Priest this year. A stronger man was needed to 
 lead it out of its difficulties. The work was started well, 
 and a number of candidates were proposed; five were ex- 
 alted before the summer vacation, but from that time on 
 no work was done until the annual meeting in December. 
 
 Companion Ackerman was a blacksmith at No. 575 Hudson 
 Street, but he struck no effectual blows for Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
 He was a member of Strict Observance Lodge, No. 94, and 
 was not particularly prominent in the Lodge, neither was he 
 very active in the Chapter ; he filled but one office other than 
 that of High Priest, viz. : that of King in 1848. He withdrew 
 from the Chapter in 1852. He visited the Chapter as an unaf- 
 filiated Royal Arch Mason in May, 1877. He died in New 
 York City, February 6, 1885. 
 
 131 
 
CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 1850 
 
 Richard Pennell, High Priest 
 
 Once more it was deemed necessary to call upon the 
 " old wheel-horse," who had stood by the Chapter through 
 thick and thin, to pull it out of its " slough of despond." 
 With an uninterrupted existence for half a century, with 
 every incentive for keeping it alive, now that the Ancient 
 Craft, the source of all the higher grades, was about to 
 enter upon a period of splendid unity, the members of 
 Jerusalem Chapter acted wisely in calling Dr. Pennell to 
 take the helm once more. It could not be expected that 
 he would take hold, at his time of life, as actively as a 
 younger man, and he therefore allowed the younger men 
 to do the active work of the Chapter, while he gave them 
 the benefit of his wisdom and experience. Companion 
 Powell, the King, a new member, presided at most of the 
 meetings. 
 
 Twenty-eight meetings were held and nine candidates 
 were exalted, the largest number for more than twenty 
 years. There was so much work to do that the Chapter 
 voted to hold weekly meetings, but after a month or two 
 returned to bimonthly meetings. The Chapter now met 
 at the Howard House, the name of which was changed 
 to the City Hotel in May. This building was located at 
 No. 429 Broadway. 
 
 Companion George Skinner, the present Sentinel, was 
 proposed and elected an adjoining member in July. 
 
 Immediately after the union of the two Grand Lodges 
 
 132 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 133 
 
 the way was open for some old members of the Chapter 
 to rejoin, among them Companion J. J. Rickers, a former 
 Secretary. This Companion died before the close of the 
 year. The following tribute to his memory by the Secre- 
 tary of the Chapter is touching, and at the same time re- 
 veals an animus against Companion James Herring, whose 
 unyielding attitude toward certain Lodges that desired to 
 have a public procession in 1837 caused a split in the 
 ranks of Freemasonry and the organization of the " At- 
 wood Grand Lodge." 
 
 Tribute to Companion J. J. Rickers 
 " Before closing the books for the year, I would respectfully 
 remind the Companions that Divine Providence has been 
 pleased to take from amongst us Companion John J. Rickers. 
 
 " The evening of our election is not an occasion that will 
 admit of any lengthened remarks in reference to our deceased 
 Brother. But permit me to say that his Masonic character is 
 in many respects well worthy of example. For over thirty-five 
 years he was a constant adherent and firm supporter of our 
 institution. During the time he was Secretary of this Chapter 
 he was scrupulously regular in his attendance, and it was only 
 a difference of opinion, occasioned by the unfortunate difficul- 
 ties which occurred mainly through the instrumentality of 
 James Herring, many years since, that caused him, as well as 
 many other worthy members of the Fraternity, to desert us. 
 Not one who sustained that difference was more rejoiced at a 
 reconciliation than the deceased. He was the very first to 
 again unite with his old associates of Jerusalem Chapter. It 
 is here he was exalted and it was while actively engaged with 
 us that Death found him. The principles of Masonry were to 
 him his Religion, and his death was the death of a good man. 
 While we are taught to submit cheerfully to the dispensation 
 of God, let us in justice to the memory of our late Companion, 
 record his name with that respect which it so worthily de- 
 serves." Samuel Drum'mond, Secretary. 
 
134 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 There was a strong desire in the Chapter to have all its 
 proceedings regular and to recognize and receive only 
 those who were in good standing in the regular Grand 
 Lodge, as the following motion attests. 
 
 Upon motion of Companion Powell, it was ordered 
 " that the Secretary be directed to notify the Grand High 
 Priest of this State that Ancient Chapter, No. i, contrary 
 to the command of the Grand Chapter, continues to meet 
 and hold Masonic intercourse with expelled Masons and 
 to acknowledge as the Grand Lodge of this State the or- 
 ganization known as the Phillips party, and, also, to inquire 
 what action we are to take with members hailing from 
 that Chapter." 
 
 At the October meeting it was voted to pledge the 
 Chapter to pay $ioo toward the proposed Masonic Temple. 
 
 At the close of 1850 thirty-eight members were re- 
 corded, also nine transient members and one honorary 
 member. 
 
CHAPTER XLII. 
 
 1851 
 
 James W. Powell, M.D., High Priest 
 
 A NUMBER of events of interest occurred this year, and 
 one or two that are amusing. The Chapter was still meet- 
 ing at the City Hotel, formerly the Howard House, and 
 as for several years past, in conjunction with Phoenix 
 Chapter, No. 2. A large number of meetings were held, 
 forty-six in all, and the High Priest presided at very few 
 of them. Companion Sewell T. Fisk of Phoenix Chapter, 
 and that year Sentinel of Jerusalem Chapter, presided, and 
 conferred the degrees the greater part of the time. 
 
 At the close of 1850 there were but thirty-eight mem- 
 bers on the rolls. Three died during the year, and eight 
 others ceased to be members by action of the Grand 
 Lodge which expelled certain Lodges of which they 
 were members. Among them were Past High Priests 
 W. W. and E. W. Nexsen and W. H. Skeats, also Com- 
 panion Charles L. Church, who later afifiliated with Zet- 
 land Chapter, and became Grand High Priest in 1856. 
 
 Among the officers elected this year was George Skin- 
 ner, Captain of the Host. 
 
 Thirteen candidates were exalted during the year, 
 among whom were Companions Samuel C. Swartz, who 
 was later elected High Priest; Theophilus C. Callicott, 
 who remained a member for forty-one years, and Charles 
 B. Burckhardt, a noted writer and musical critic. Other 
 notable brothers proposed were Colonel Santiago Flores, 
 Chief Civil Engineer and Director of Public Works to the 
 
 135 
 
136 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Government of Peru, and Brother John Van Buren, Wor- 
 shipful Master of Kingston Lodge, Kingston, N. Y., and 
 Past Grand Senior Warden of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 At the first meeting in April Companion Coles, D. G. 
 H. P., presented a written notice in these words : " Where- 
 as, Ancient Chapter, No. i, in this city, having failed to 
 comply with the regulations of the Grand Chapter, the 
 warrant of said Chapter has been declared forfeited, and sub- 
 ordinate Chapters in this jurisdiction are forbidden to hold 
 Masonic intercourse with said Ancient Chapter, No. i." 
 
 At the first meeting in September, Companion Swartz, 
 who had been acting Secretary pro tern, for several meet- 
 ings, made the following record, which sharply reproved 
 the regular Secretary in a way he richly deserved, in the 
 following language: 
 
 " For the information of future ages of those in whose Jiands 
 this book may come, the mirmtes of this Chapter having been 
 kept in a most horrible and shocking manner since May last, 
 and several meetings have been held of which no minutes have 
 been kept, therefore I hold myself guiltless for the vacancies 
 which occur previous to this page; and, having the good of 
 the Chapter at heart, I have volunteered my services to bring 
 the books np to date, which I have done to the best of my 
 ability." 
 
 At the April meeting a visiting brother presented a copy 
 of a prospectus for the purpose and object of erecting a 
 Masonic Home for distressed and needy brethren in the 
 City and County of New York. The House was to cost 
 $35,000, and the shares were placed at $10 each. The 
 Chapter voted to subscribe for ten shares. 
 
 As a sample of the methods employed to transact busi- 
 ness when the two Chapters — Jerusalem and Phoenix — 
 were meeting in conjunction, the following is a copy of 
 the minutes of a special meeting held October 9, 1851 : 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 137 
 
 '"At a Special meeting of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, held 
 at the City Hotel, Thursday eve, October 9th A. L. 5851. 
 
 " Present Comp. Sewell T. Fisk, Rt. W. M. 
 " S. C. Swartz, S. W. 
 " Compton, J. W. 
 
 " Lodge opened in the Mark Masters Degree. Minutes of 
 last meeting were read and approved. 
 
 " A bill was presented from Companion Sewell T. Fisk for 
 tiling and rent, amounting to $108.37, on which he has re- 
 ceived $50, leaving a balance due him of $58.37. On motion 
 of Companion Swartz, the balance was ordered paid if found 
 correct. There being no member of Jerusalem Chapter present 
 to second the motion, whereupon the Rt. W. Master of Phoenix 
 Chapter duly seconded the motion (it being his prerogative) 
 which was unanimously carried, there being one vote in the 
 affirmative. 
 
 " No further business offering the Lodge closed in harmony. 
 
 " S. C. Swartz, Sec. P. T." 
 
 At the first meeting in November another unusual pro- 
 ceeding is recorded. A brother hailing from Independent 
 Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2, was elected, and an application 
 was immediately presented to the Chapter by the said 
 brother praying the Chapter to give him permission to 
 take the degrees in another Chapter and in another State 
 or city, other than this Chapter and the State and the city 
 of New York, for which, the records say, " the brother gave 
 good and sufficient reasons." 
 
 The application was granted. 
 
 During this year Companion John Wright, whom the 
 records state " was exalted in 1799," was proposed for 
 affiliation. This Companion was exalted in 1808, not in 
 1799. 
 
 Two testimonials were voted to be presented at the an- 
 nual meeting this year — one to Companion J. W. Powell, 
 the High Priest, " as a mark of respect and esteem," and 
 
138 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 another to Companion Fisk " for his kindness in presid- 
 ing and doing the work of said Chapter in the absence of 
 the officers." Companion Shove, who offered the latter 
 motion, got in a Httle rebuke for the High Priest which 
 was well deserved. The Chapter closed the year with 
 forty-five members. 
 
 Companion John Van Buren, probably a relative but not 
 " the son of President Martin Van Buren and known in po- 
 litical story as ' Prince ' John because he had once danced with 
 Queen Victoria" as stated by a Masonic historian, was exalted 
 this year. This Companion had a long and prominent Masonic 
 career. He was made a Mason in 1824 and became Master of 
 Kingston Lodge, Kingston, N. Y. He served as Grand Junior 
 Warden of the Grand Lodge in 183 1 and 1832 and Grand 
 Senior Warden in 1833 and 1834. Shortly after his exaltation 
 in Jerusalem Chapter he withdrew, and with other Royal Arch 
 Masons of Kingston and vicinity applied in 1853 for a restora- 
 tion of the Charter of Horeb Chapter which years before had 
 been relinquished. He became the first High Priest of the 
 newly revived Chapter now known as Mount Horeb, and for 
 two years was in active attendance at the Grand Chapter ses- 
 sions. On January 16, 1855, just before the annual session that 
 year, he passed away, loved and honored by his townsmen and 
 his brethren. The Grand High Priest, M.-.E.-. Companion John 
 L. Lewis, paid this touching tribute to his memory : " New 
 forms and faces are here; those of you who have entered our 
 Grand Tabernacle for the first time, and whose flashing glances 
 of interest, and movements of zeal and enthusiasm, assure us 
 that the hopes we entertain of their future co-operation and 
 labors will not be disappointed. But we look in vain for the 
 manly form and kindling eye, and listen in vain for the full clear 
 tones, of Van Buren ; him we shall see no more forever. For 
 him the ' rugged paths ' of life have no more trials, and he 
 has now passed the veils of eternity." 
 
 Companion Powell was an able man and perfectly compe- 
 tent to fill any position, but he was no doubt busily engaged in 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 139 
 
 his profession as an oculist and as Secretary of the Grand 
 Lodge, and finding others willing to do the work of the High 
 Priest, allowed them to do it. Companion Powell hailed from 
 Independent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2. 
 
 He was Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge in 1850, 1851, 
 and 1852. Very likely he would have been continued in this 
 office if he had not joined the eighteen brethren who entered 
 a protest against the election of Chancellor Walworth to the 
 office of Grand Master. 
 
 He was D. G. H. P. of the Grand Chapter in 1852 and 1853. 
 
 Companion Powell seems to have gotten into other difficul- 
 ties in 1852 as well as the one in the Grand Lodge. While 
 attending the annual election of Jerusalem Chapter he was 
 requested by several members of Phcenix Chapter present — 
 it being the custom for the two Chapters to meet conjointly 
 — to open Phoenix Chapter, as the High Priest was not present 
 with the Charter. Companion Powell being D. G. H. P. of 
 the State, they deemed his authority sufficient to do so with- 
 out the presence of the warrant. 
 
 Accordingly he opened Phcenix Chapter. One of the Com- 
 panions then stated that an election had been held the week 
 previous which he deemed illegal, and the officers then chosen 
 as having been illegally elected. Companion Powell, after 
 hearing this statement and the evidence supporting it, declared 
 said annual meeting and election void. The Chapter then pro- 
 ceeded to elect other officers. 
 
 The trouble between these Companions was caused by a 
 misunderstanding as to when the regular meeting nights should 
 be held, one party claiming them to be on the first and third 
 Wednesdays — the other side the second and fourth Wednes- 
 days. Companion Powell decided in favor of the latter. The 
 matter was referred to the Grand Chapter for a decision, and 
 Companion Powell's judgment was reversed — which may have 
 been the cause whereby he failed of re-election in the Grand 
 Chapter the following year. 
 
 He withdrew from Jerusalem Chapter in 1854. 
 
CHAPTER XLIII. 
 
 1852 
 
 William B. Shove, High Priest 
 
 This was a remarkably busy year. Thirty-six meetings 
 were held and fifteen candidates were exalted, also a num- 
 ber of adjoining members were elected. At one of the 
 December meetings thirteen candidates were elected. 
 
 Zetland Chapter, whose first High Priest was Compan- 
 ion Charles L. Church, a former member of Jerusalem 
 Chapter, and who a few years later attained the position 
 of Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter, received its 
 Charter at the annual session of the Grand Chapter, and 
 the Companions were immediately invited by Jerusalem 
 Chapter to meet in conjunction with it until they were 
 able to provide a place of meeting for themselves. 
 
 At the February meeting a committee was appointed 
 to revise the By-laws, which was subsequently accom- 
 plished, and as this period represents the first half-century 
 of the Chapter it has been deemed advisable to reprint 
 these By-laws in full. It will be interesting to compare 
 them with those adopted and printed by the Chapter in 
 1808, and again with those contained in the last edition 
 of the By-laws. 
 
 140 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 141 
 
 By-laws of Jerusalem Royal Arch Chapter, No. 8, 
 
 Adopted, 5799; 
 
 Revised and Amended April 14, 5852. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 The regular meetings of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, shall be 
 held on the second and fourth Wednesdays in each calendar 
 month, at 7J4 o'clock p.m. from the 25th of March to the 25th 
 of September, and at 7 o'clock p.m. from the 25th of September 
 to the 25th of March, and at such other times as the M. E. H. 
 P. may deem necessary. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 This Chapter may adjourn for any time not exceeding three 
 months, from the first meeting in July to the first meeting in 
 October — two-thirds of the members present concurring. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 The officers of this Chapter shall be, M. E. H. P., K., S., C. 
 of H., P. S., R. A. C, three Grand Masters, Secretary, Treas- 
 urer, Chaplain, Organist, and Sentinel — who shall be annually 
 elected by ballot, at the regular meeting preceding the festival 
 of St. John the Evangelist — except the Organist and Sentinel, 
 who shall be appointed by the H. P. elect, at said meeting. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 Each member of this Chapter shall be entitled to one vote, 
 but should the dues of any member remain unpaid at the regu- 
 lar night of election, he shall not be eligible to any office, nor 
 entitled to vote on any subject. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 A Standing Committee of five Companions shall be appointed 
 at the annual election, including the H. P., who shall be Chair- 
 man of said Committee, whose duty shall be to examine the 
 books and accounts of the Secretary and Treasurer ; to super- 
 
142 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 vise the finances, and to report, at the first regular meeting 
 previous to the election (or oftener, if required), the state of 
 the funds, and the receipts and disbursements of the past year. 
 Three members of this Committee shall constitute a quorum, 
 and all reports must be signed by that number before being 
 presented to the Chapter. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Secretary to record the proceed- 
 ings of the Chapter, receive all moneys due the Chapter, and 
 pay the same (without delay) into the hands of the Treasurer, 
 taking his receipt therefor ; to notify the members of all meet- 
 ings ; countersign all bills that have been passed for payment, 
 if found correct; and, finally, to do all things appertaining to 
 his office ; for which, if done and performed to the satisfaction 
 of the Standing Committee, he shall receive twenty dollars per 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive from the 
 Secretary all moneys paid into the Chapter; keep a just and 
 regular account thereof; pay all bills indorsed by the H. P. 
 and Secretary; also to attend the meetings of the Standing 
 Committee, with his books and vouchers, for inspection, when 
 required so to do. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 The Sentinel shall be subject, in all things relating to his 
 duty, to the H. P. It shall be his duty, in addition to guarding 
 the door, to serve all notices and summons; to see that the 
 room, furniture, regalia, etc., are in proper order, and to have 
 all things in readiness for the meetings, in due season; also 
 to collect all bills handed to him by the Secretary. For the 
 faithful performance of his duties he shall receive one dollar 
 and fifty cents each meeting, and one dollar for every Exalta- 
 tion. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 Should any officer of this Chapter absent himself from its 
 meetings for two months without showing sufficient cause for 
 said neglect, his office shall be declared vacant. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 143 
 
 Article X. 
 
 In case of the death, resignation, disquaHfication, or removal 
 from office of either of the officers of this Chapter, it shall be 
 the duty of the presiding officer, by and with the consent of a 
 majority of the members present, to appoint some Companion 
 to fill such vacancy until the next annual election. 
 
 Article XL 
 
 All candidates for Exaltation in this Chapter shall be pro- 
 posed in writing by a member thereof at one meeting, and 
 balloted for at a subsequent one ; the member making the prop- 
 osition shall at the same time state the name, age, occupation, 
 and residence of the person proposed (which shall be handed 
 to a committee for investigation), and pay to the Secretary the 
 sum of five dollars, which sum, should the candidate be re- 
 jected, will be returned to him — if not, said sum shall be con- 
 sidered as a part of the Exaltation fee. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 All candidates proposed and elected in this Chapter must 
 come forward to receive the degrees within three months from 
 the time they were proposed, otherwise their names shall be 
 stricken from the list of candidates, and the proposition fee 
 forfeited. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 If on balloting for a candidate a black ball appear, a second 
 balloting may be had, when, if a black ball again appear, the 
 candidate shall be declared rejected. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 All adjoining members must be proposed agreeable to Ar- 
 ticles XI., XII., and XIII., except the proposition fee, which 
 shall be three dollars. 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 No Companion shall be considered a member of this Chapter 
 until he shall have the Royal Arch Degree ; nor shall such be 
 entitled to vote, or be eligible to any office in the same, until 
 he shall have signed the By-laws. 
 
144 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Article XVI. 
 
 The fee of every adjoining member shall be three dollars ; 
 for every candidate for Exaltation twenty dollars, which sum 
 must be paid to the Secretary before receiving the degree of 
 Mark Master. 
 
 Article XVII. 
 
 Every M. Master, P. Master, or M. E. M. Mason wishing 
 to become a member of this Chapter, shall pay for the P. Mas- 
 ter's Degree five dollars; for the M. E. Degree five dollars, 
 and for the Royal Arch Degree six dollars, in addition to the 
 adjoining fee. 
 
 Article XVIII. 
 
 The yearly dues for each member (except transient mem- 
 bers) shall be two dollars and fifty cents, payable at the an- 
 nual election of officers, except the Secretary, Chaplain, and 
 Sentinel, who shall be exempt from all dues while performing 
 their several duties. 
 
 Article XIX. 
 
 Any Companion wishing to withdraw his membership must 
 pay up his dues and make known his intention in open Chapter, 
 or in writing to the H. P. or Secretary. 
 
 Article XX. 
 
 All Royal Arch Masons, members of this Chapter, in good 
 standing, may receive a certificate on applying for the same 
 in open Chapter, and paying the sum of one dollar. 
 
 Article XXI. 
 
 Transient members shall pay the sum of one dollar per an- 
 num, but shall not have the right to vote in this Chapter. 
 
 Article XXII. 
 
 If any member of this Chapter shall leave this State, or 
 move into the jurisdiction of another Chapter, in arrears for 
 dues, and shall neglect to communicate with this Chapter for 
 two years, he shall be suspended. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 145 
 
 Article XXIII. 
 
 Any member of this Chapter being in arrears for dues, for 
 a longer time than one year, shall be suspended, unless suffi- 
 cient cause be shown to remit said member's dues; and any 
 member holding funds or property belonging to this Chapter, 
 neglecting or refusing to deliver up the same when demanded 
 of him by anyone authorized to receive the same, shall forth- 
 with be suspended or expelled. 
 
 Article XXIV. 
 
 All petitions for relief shall be referred to a committee, who 
 shall investigate the same and report to the Chapter. 
 
 Article XXV. 
 
 No part of these By-laws shall be repealed or suspended, nor 
 shall any new one be passed contrary hereto, unless the same 
 shall have been made in writing, laid before the Chapter at a 
 regular meeting, and approved by two-thirds of the Compan- 
 ions present, at the next regular meeting, provided always that 
 the members shall be notified of all propositions to repeal or 
 revise the same. 
 
 Article XXVI. 
 
 All former By-laws, Rules, and Regulations made and used 
 by this Chapter shall be and are hereby repealed. 
 
 Following is a copy of a printed list of the officers pasted 
 in the back of one of the minute-books. Some Companion 
 has marked the names of the King, Scribe, Captain of the 
 Host, and Sentinel with the legend, " The four who did 
 not forsake the Chapter." 
 
 Officers. 
 William B. Shove, H. P. ; H. Dill, K. ; S. C. Swartz, S. ; 
 George Skinner, Cof . H. ; Thomas Hays, P. S. ; George C. 
 Stone, R. A. C. ; James Narine, M. 3 V. ; Alexander Frear, 
 M. 2 V. ; J. M. Clark, M. i V. ; M. E. James W. Powell, M.D., 
 Treasurer; John F. Robinson, Secretary; D. H. VanSice, 
 Sentinel. 
 
146 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Dissatisfaction among some of the members impelled the 
 Companions to appoint a committee, early in the year, to 
 arrange with Phoenix Chapter for a separation of prop- 
 erty and other interests and dissolve the connection which 
 had been established between the Chapters for some years, 
 but, instead of bringing this about, the result of the labors 
 of the committee was to adopt a written agreement to 
 continue meeting together, as follows : 
 
 " Chapter No. 2, on a proposition to meet in conjunction, 
 reported as follows: 
 
 " The Joint Committee of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, and 
 Phoenix Chapter, No. 2, having had the subject of a union of 
 the two Chapters under consideration, respectfully report, 
 
 " That they have decided upon the following articles of 
 agreement, in the event of such an union being agreed upon, 
 by the vote of both Chapters : 
 
 " 1st. That the meetings of both Chapters shall be held at 
 the Masonic Temple, comer of Broome and Crosby Streets, in 
 conjunction, the High Priest of each presiding on their al- 
 ternate regular night, as prescribed in their By-laws. 
 
 " 2d. Each Chapter shall consider itself bound to assist the 
 other in its work; and each candidate shall be considered as 
 a member of the Chapter in which he shall have been proposed. 
 
 " 3d. The properties of each Chapter shall remain as at 
 present, each supervising their own. 
 
 " 4th. That the rent for the remainder of the year be paid 
 by each Chapter, as before their union. That the first meet- 
 ing in conjunction be held on the first Wednesday in October. 
 
 " On motion. Resolved, That the words in 4th Section, ' ist 
 Wednesday in October,' be stricken out — agreed to. On mo- 
 tion, duly seconded, Resolved, That the Report as amended be 
 accepted and adopted, on the part of their Chapter, and the 
 Committee discharged. 
 
 " Agreement between Phoenix Chapter and this Chapter 
 adopted." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 147 
 
 The Secretary for 1851, Companion Stewart, was very 
 neglectful of his duties, and for his inattention received the 
 following severe rebuke from the Standing Committee: 
 
 " Your Committee regret to say that the records and ac- 
 counts of the Chapter have been kept during the past year 
 in a very loose and irregular manner, there having been several 
 meetings of which we are unable to find any records for or 
 any account of what became of the funds received at said 
 meetings, and we find it our duty to return the thanks of this 
 Chapter to the brethren who have kindly volunteered their 
 services at various times during the past year to officiate as 
 Secretary in the absence of Companion Stewart." 
 
 The committee made a strong recommendation in their 
 annual report to dissolve the connection now existing with 
 Phoenix Chapter, in order that each Chapter may meet 
 on separate nights, which recommendation did not meet 
 with the approval of the members. 
 
 The question of the standing of some of the Compan- 
 ions, owing to difficulties in the Grand Lodge, was one 
 that had frequently to be settled, as, for instance, the case 
 of Companion Unkhardt. 
 
 At a regular meeting held January 21, 1852, " M. E. 
 Companion J. W. Powell presented a verbal request from 
 Mr. Unkhardt to be officially informed why he had not 
 been notified to attend the usual communications of the 
 Chapter, as he claimed to be a member of the same; that 
 in case the reason might be his adherence to a Lodge of 
 Master Masons under suspension, it might be brought up 
 for judicial action by the authorities competent to take 
 cognizance of the same." 
 
 A reply was given " that as Brother Unkhardt willingly 
 continued a member of the late Pythagoras Lodge, No. 
 86, now under suspension for good and sufficient reasons, 
 
148 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 his further connection or membership with this Chapter 
 could not be recognized, and that by his own act he stood 
 suspended." 
 
 The records do not so state, but it seems that a com- 
 mittee was appointed to wait on Companion Coles, who 
 was then acting Grand High Priest, for an opinion in this 
 matter, and on January 27th the committee presented his 
 opinion, which reads as follows: "That inasmuch as said 
 Unkhardt adheres to the body known as Pythagoras 
 Lodge, now under suspension, said Unkhardt cannot be 
 acknowledged as a Royal Arch Mason, neither can he be 
 allowed to sit in a legally constituted Chapter of Royal 
 Arch Masons." 
 
 Companion Shove presided at three meetings only during 
 the year. He was a Charter member and the first Master 
 of Atlantic Lodge, No. 178, in 1850. This Lodge has fur- 
 nished the Chapter with many candidates, and some of our most 
 honored and faithful High Priests. Companion Shove served 
 as Principal Sojourner in 1851, which was the only other office 
 he ever held in the Chapter. Some ten or fifteen years later 
 he affiliated with Adelphic Chapter, No. 158. 
 
 Companion Shove was the first lawyer to preside over the 
 Chapter. 
 
CHAPTER XLIV. 
 
 1853-1854 
 
 Hamilton Dill, High Priest 
 
 Great prosperity attended the Chapter these two years. 
 Under the faithful and energetic administration of Com- 
 panion Dill much work was done. The first year there 
 were twenty-four meetings held and eleven candidates 
 exalted. The second year thirty meetings were held and 
 twenty-one candidates were exalted. Among the latter 
 were Caleb D. Gildersleeve, who continued an active mem- 
 ber until his death in 1892; John F. Baldwin, a well- 
 known figure in Freemasonry for nearly half a century, 
 especially in Palestine Commandery; Adelmour W. King, 
 who was Treasurer of the Chapter for seventeen years; 
 also Joseph D. Evans, Grand Master of Masons in New 
 York. 
 
 In May, 1853, the Chapter moved to rooms located at 
 643 Broadway, northwest corner of Bleecker Street. 
 
 The Chapter had previously purchased a half-interest 
 in a melodeon, and a Companion by the name of Bristow 
 was appointed organist. When the Chapter moved to 
 the more aristocratic neighborhood of Bleecker Street it 
 deemed the old melodeon unworthy of transportation 
 thither, and disposed of its interest in it for $55. It may 
 have been the new place of meeting which attracted some 
 of the prominent candidates who were proposed at this 
 time. During these two years there were clergymen, 
 judges, lawyers, artists, and authors among the candidates. 
 
 149 
 
I50 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 The old Charter had at this time become so worn it 
 was voted to have a copy of it made, which if done would 
 have been clearly illegal except by the authority of the 
 Grand Chapter. In later years this was legally accom- 
 plished. 
 
 Among those who affiliated with the Chapter in 1853 
 were M. E. Companion Asa Child, P. G. H. P. of Con- 
 necticut, also the Reverends J. H. Perry, John A. Edwards, 
 and Thomas Hancock. 
 
 Companion B. de Lapierre, who was exalted in 18 12 
 and who had been a contributing member for forty-one 
 years, was made an honorary member in 1853. 
 
 At the close of 1854 there were sixty-seven contributing 
 members, a gain of thirteen over the previous year. There 
 were also ten candidates in waiting for the degrees. The 
 following extract is interesting: 
 
 " The Degrees and Membership of this Chapter, having been 
 conferred on Comp. Robt. Crighton of The Three Bells by Ini- 
 tiation, as a Token of Esteem for his great service in the cause 
 of Humanity, and Comp. Alex. Frear having paid the fees 
 demanded by the By-laws, 
 
 " It was on motion of Comp. Samuel C. Swartz, ' Resolved, 
 That the fees ($20) be refunded Comp. Alex. Frear, also the 
 Thanks of the Chapter tendered to him for introducing Comp. 
 Crighton to this Chapter.' " — Extracts from Minutes, March 
 
 22, 1854. 
 
 Captain Crighton commanded the British ship Three 
 Bells and rescued a regiment of United States troops at 
 sea. The poet Whittier has immortalized his heroic deed 
 in verse, of which the following are the last two stanzas : 
 
 Sail on, Three Bells, forever, 
 
 In grateful memory sail ! 
 Ring on, Three Bells of rescue, 
 
 Above the wave and gale ! 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 151 
 
 Type of the Love eternal, 
 
 Repeat the Master's cry, 
 As tossing through our darkness 
 
 The lights of God draw nigh ! 
 
 Companion Dill was very popular with the members, and 
 at the beginning of his second term he was presented with a 
 magnificent gold watch and chain. At the end of his second 
 term he was re-elected for a third time, but declined the honor. 
 His second testimonial was a diamond cross. Companion Dill 
 was one of those men who are too modest to allow their names 
 to be put in the City Directory. Companion Skinner says, " he 
 was some sort of a broker." 
 
 Previous to his election as King, in 1852, he had filled none 
 of the subordinate offices, having been exalted the previous, 
 year. After his retirement as High Priest he continued active 
 in the work and was appointed Captain of the Host in 1859 
 and i860. 
 
 He ceased to be a member of the Chapter in 1870. 
 
CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 1855-56-57-58 
 
 Samuel C. Swartz, High Priest 
 
 If it had not been for the unflinching courage of Com- 
 panion Swartz the Chapter might at this time have gone 
 out of existence. As it was it came dangerously near los- 
 ing its Charter, and as a matter of fact was suspended 
 from the Grand Chapter. 
 
 The trouble was started by proposing for membership 
 four brethren from Holland Lodge, No. 8. Holland 
 Lodge had for some reason forsworn its allegiance to the 
 regular Grand Lodge and joined forces with the body 
 known as the " Phillips " Grand Lodge in 1855. 
 
 Some Companion of the Chapter must have notified 
 the D. G. H. P., Charles L. Church, that these brothers 
 were to be proposed at this meeting, for he appeared 
 shortly after the propositions were read and admonished 
 the Chapter that it must abide by the edicts of the Grand 
 Chapter with reference to the admission of Royal Arch 
 Masons into Chapters. 
 
 The purport of his remarks was that the Grand Chapter 
 was going to uphold the regular Grand Lodge in its con- 
 test with that body which claimed to be regular, but clearly 
 was not. 
 
 At the following meeting the trouble began in earnest 
 when Brother Skidmore, one of the candidates, was re- 
 jected. Such a thing as blackballing a candidate in the 
 Chapter had not occurred since its earliest years, and to 
 
 152 
 
sa:\iuel c. swartz. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 153 
 
 have it occur with the ballot on a candidate of the unex- 
 ceptionable character borne by Brother Skidmore angered 
 the Companions so that their subsequent action was be- 
 yond all reason and precedent. As a reflex of their state 
 of mind on this occasion an extract of the minutes of that 
 meeting shows how indignant they were : 
 
 " The Standing Committee reported favorably in regard to 
 Bro. B. D. Skidmore for exaltation and membership, when on 
 motion the report was accepted and the Brother balloted for. 
 On an examination of the ballot, the M. E. H. P. announced 
 to the Chapter that the ballot was not clear, whereupon a very 
 warm and serious discussion arose among a number of the 
 Companions, several of whom in their remarks vouched for the 
 very high moral character of Bro. Skidmore both as a man 
 and a Mason. 
 
 " Companion Dill read a resolution requesting that the Chap- 
 ter might be informed of the cause of the objection of the can- 
 didate, inasmuch as so many of the officers and members had 
 asserted that they knew the Brother to be above suspicion. The 
 M. E. H. P. decided ' that the resolution ' was not in order — 
 whereupon discussion was again resumed. 
 
 " A long debate then ensued as to the propriety of this or 
 any Chapter of Royal Arch Masons taking any part in the 
 troubles and quarrels which have existed among the Masonic 
 Lodges of this State during the past quarter of a century. 
 
 " M. E. Companion Asa Child, after a few very eloquent 
 and fraternal remarks, offered the following : ' Resolved, That 
 in the judgment of this Chapter, the fact that a Master Mason 
 is a member of Holland Lodge (of which J. J. Crane is Mas- 
 ter), or any other Lodge, constitutes no objection to his being 
 received a member of this Chapter, he being found of unex- 
 ceptionable character, and in the judgment of this Chapter no 
 Companion ought to make an objection to the admission of a 
 candidate for Exaltation on such grounds.' 
 
 " Companion J. B. Taylor moved that the resolution be laid 
 upon the table, which was lost. The M. E. H. P. then informed 
 
154 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 the Chapter that he regretted exceedingly that this question 
 had been forced upon the Chapter, it being the first time that 
 the harmony and unanimity of the body had been disturbed 
 during the number of years he had enjoyed the privilege of 
 being a member, as well as the first time that a candidate had 
 been blackballed. The yeas and nays being called on M. E. 
 Companion Child's resolution, it was adopted by the following 
 vote: 
 
 Affirmative, g. Negative, 4. 
 
 S. C. Swartz, Bendy, 
 
 Alexander Frear, Phillips, 
 
 H. H. Ward, J. F. Baldwin, 
 
 A. Child, J. B. Taylor. 
 
 H. Dill, 
 
 George Skinner, 
 
 J. M. Turner, 
 
 A. W. King, 
 
 A. Bamberger. 
 " Companions Dean, White, Shields, and Carhart declined 
 voting." — Extract from the Minutes. 
 
 Companion Dill reproposed for exaltation and member- 
 ship Brother B. D. Skidmore, and he also proposed as ad- 
 joining members Companions Frederick Fawcett, Isaac 
 V. Fowler, A. H. Bartlett, Edward Bill, J. H. Mott, J. J. 
 Crane, and Henry Walters, all formerly of Phoenix Chap- 
 ter. On motion, the names were referred to the Standing 
 Committee. 
 
 At the following meeting the D. G. H. P. again ap- 
 peared at the Chapter, and the following extracts show 
 what took place: 
 
 " The M. E. D. G. H. P. Chas. L. Church took the chair and 
 addressed the High Priest pro tern., officers, and members on 
 the necessity of adhering to the Edicts of the Grand Chapter. 
 M. E. Hamilton Dill, acting H. P., responded, apologizing for 
 the absence of the High Priest." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 155 
 
 " M. E. Companion Child addressed the M. E. D. G. H. P., 
 requesting information as to the resolution regarding the ad- 
 mission of candidates and Royal Arch Masons in Chapters, 
 whereupon the M. E. D. G. H. P. read a resolution passed by 
 the M. E. Grand Chapter in relation thereto. The M. E. D. 
 G. H. P. having again informed the Chapter they must adhere 
 to this regulation under the penalty of his demanding their 
 Charter, then withdrew." 
 
 " M. E. Companion Child offered the following preamble 
 and resolution: 
 
 " Whereas, The M. E. D. G. H. P. having come into this 
 Chapter, he took the chair and stated to the Chapter that he 
 had been informed that this Chapter had not conformed to the 
 requisition of the Grand Chapter in respect to the application 
 and admission of members, and further stated that he now di- 
 rected that the H. P. and members of this Chapter shall comply 
 with the requisition of the Grand Chapter and abstain from ad- 
 mitting members who had been expelled from any Lodge of 
 Master Masons, and stated that if his order should not be com- 
 plied with, he should feel it his duty to demand the Charter 
 of this Chapter ; therefore, be it ' Resolved, That the communi- 
 cation of the M. E. D. G. H. P. be referred to a committee of 
 five members to consider and report what action on the part 
 of this Chapter that communication requires.' " 
 
 The question being put, the motion was lost. 
 
 At the next meeting of the Chapter, held November 
 28th, Companion Dill ofifered the following preamble and 
 resolutions : 
 
 " Whereas, The M. E. Charles L. Church, D. G. H. P. of the 
 Grand Chapter of the State of New York, on a visit to this 
 Chapter on the loth day of October last, took occasion to state 
 (in substance) ' that he deemed it proper to require the Chap- 
 ter to abstain from any affiliation or communication with men 
 who had been expelled from any Master Masons' Lodge,' but 
 gave no intimation of the existence of any reasons for such a 
 
156 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 communication (although requested so to do by our M. E. 
 High Priest) ; 
 
 " And Whereas, The said M. E. D. G. H. P. on another visit 
 to this Chapter, on the 13th of November (during the absence 
 of the High Priest, and while one of our Past High Priests 
 temporarily occupied the Chair), took occasion to state that 
 when present at a previous meeting he had directed this Chap- 
 ter to abstain from associating with men who had been ex- 
 pelled from any Master Masons' Lodge and that he regretted 
 to learn that the Chapter had not complied with this require- 
 ment, and he again directed the High Priest and Companions 
 of this Chapter to conform to the requirements before made, 
 and on failure to do so he should demand the Warrant of this 
 Chapter ; 
 
 " And Whereas, The members of this Chapter are not ap- 
 prised of the grounds upon which the D. G. H. P. deemed the 
 above named requirements and direction necessary, not having 
 given (so far as we have knowledge) occasion for it as re- 
 spects the ch9,racter of the men (either morally or in a Masonic 
 view) with whom we have fraternized, nor intentionally vio- 
 lated any rule of the order; therefore, be it 
 
 " Resolved, That Jerusalem Chapter recognizes the Consti- 
 tution of the General Grand Chapter of the United States as 
 one paramount law, and that of the Grand Chapter of this State 
 as subordinate to it, and that we never have knowingly or wil- 
 fully violated it, nor do we intend to do so in any respect so long 
 as said Constitution, Laws, etc., do not conflict with the sacred 
 duties we owe to our God, our country, our neighbor, or our- 
 selves. 
 
 " Resolved, That without intending (and we hereby expressly 
 disclaim) any disrespect to our M. E. Companion Church, this 
 Chapter refrains from admitting or denying the correctness of 
 his course or the authority which he has exercised. 
 
 " Resolved, That from respect to our M. E. D. G. H. P. and 
 to the end that this Chapter may be fully informed as to its 
 duty and conform in all respects to the Constitution, Laws, etc., 
 that it be referred to a committee of five members to be ap- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 157 
 
 pointed by the presiding officer to inquire into and report as to 
 the grounds of the action of the M. E. D. G. H. P., and what 
 action is necessary (if any) on the part of this Chapter in the 
 premises, said committee to report as speedily as the importance 
 of the subject will permit." 
 
 These resolutions were adopted and a committee was 
 immediately appointed. 
 
 The resolutions were no sooner adopted than the M. E. 
 D. G. H. P. was announced, admitted, and received the 
 chair from the High Priest. He then addressed the Chap- 
 ter in a few words, ending them by declaring Jerusalem 
 Chapter suspended, and demanded the Charter and prop- 
 erties. 
 
 The High Priest replied respectfully, declining to de- 
 liver up the warrant and properties, and informed the 
 M. E. D. G. H. P. that he would appeal to the M. E. Grand 
 Chapter at its annual session in February next. 
 
 The D. G. H. P. then retired, accompanied by a few 
 members of the Chapter. 
 
 Companion Narine then addressed the Chapter, and 
 offered the following resolutions: 
 
 " Resolved, That this Chapter disapproves of all or any mat- 
 ters being introduced or entertained by this Chapter apper- 
 taining to the difficulties that may or do exist in the Grand 
 or subordinate Lodges of this or other States, and it is hereby 
 further 
 
 " Resolved, That no question shall be hereafter introduced 
 into this Chapter relating to matters connected with a distinct 
 or separate organization that is calculated to involve any of its 
 members in disgrace with the Masonic Fraternity." 
 
 These resolutions were unanimously adopted. 
 The Chapter then proceeded to ballot for the following 
 brothers for exaltation, viz.: B. D. Skidmore, Cornelius 
 
158 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Grinnell, Jacob and F. S. Vanderpool, and William Dale; 
 and the following Companions for affiliation, viz.: Isaac 
 V. Fowler, A. H. Bartlett, Edward Bill, Frederick Faw- 
 cett, J. H. Mott, J. J. Crane, and Henry Walters. All were 
 elected. 
 
 The Chapter continued to meet regularly, and at its 
 annual convocation re-elected Companion Swartz High 
 Priest. 
 
 The following resolutions were ofifered at the annual 
 convocation : 
 
 " Resolved, That any Companion Royal Arch Mason, after 
 being properly proved or vouched for, who shall make applica- 
 tion for admission into this Chapter shall be admitted without 
 regard to the jurisdiction from whence he may hail. Jerusalem 
 Chapter, No. 8, only desires to bar her doors against clandestine 
 or illegitimate Masons." 
 
 Companion Fawcett ofifered this amendment : 
 
 " Resolved, Further, that in view of the arbitrary conduct 
 of the M. E. D. G. H. P. this Chapter for the present declares 
 itself free of all Grand Bodies whatever." 
 
 These resolutions were considered a little too radical, 
 however, and they were laid on the table. 
 
 At the February meeting in 1856 the High Priest in- 
 formed the Companions that he had forwarded a statement 
 of the Chapter's difficulties to the Grand Chapter, but 
 thus far had received no notice of what action had been 
 taken by that Grand Body. 
 
 The Chapter held twenty-four meetings in 1855 and 
 exalted twelve Companions. Of course no report of its 
 work or membership was made to the Grand Chapter. 
 
 M.-.E.-. Companion Church alluded to the difficulties of 
 the Chapter in his report to the Grand Chapter in the 
 following words : 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 159 
 
 " Having learned from authentic sources that Jerusalem 
 Chapter, No. 8, in the city of New York, was in the habit of 
 associating with and permitting clandestine and expelled Ma- 
 sons to remain as members of said Chapter, contrary to the 
 express regulations of this Grand Chapter, I visited them, and 
 finding the same to be true and well founded, I warned them 
 of the impropriety of such a course and the result which must 
 necessarily follow if persisted in. Finding on several subse- 
 quent visitations they still continued to disregard my counsel 
 and slight my authority, I was compelled in the name of the 
 M. E. Grand Chapter to demand of its High Priest their War- 
 rant, books, and properties, and to declare Jerusalem Chapter, 
 No. 8, to be suspended from all their rights and privileges ; 
 but failing to obtain the properties as demanded, I granted, 
 upon the application of a large and respectable number of the 
 true and loyal members of said Chapter, a Dispensation to 
 enable them without delay to continue their work and form a 
 new Chapter under the name of Corinthian Chapter, in which 
 M. E. Companion Royal G. Millard is named as High Priest." 
 
 Subsequently the Grand Chapter adopted the following 
 resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Warrant of said Jerusalem Chapter, 
 No. 8, be, and the same is hereby, declared forfeited, and that 
 the Grand Secretary be directed to demand the surrender of 
 the Warrant and properties of said Chapter." 
 
 It will be seen that the Grand Chapter paid no atten- 
 tion to the communication of the High Priest, if such 
 communication was ever received by it, and it is doubtful 
 if the Grand Secretary ever made the demand he was in- 
 structed to make of the Chapter. 
 
 The only reference to Jerusalem Chapter in the Grand 
 Chapter proceedings of 1857 was that made by the Com- 
 mittee on Warrants, which was in the form of a recom- 
 mendation that the fee of Corinthian Chapter be remitted, 
 
l6o HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 as it was the expectation of the Companions composing 
 that Chapter that they would be considered as a legal con- 
 tinuation of Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter continued its meetings with more or 
 less regularity in 1856; sixteen meetings were held and 
 nine candidates were exalted. 
 
 The year 1857 was one of gloom, and showed how neces- 
 sary it is for a society to have a reason for its existence and 
 opportunities for the greatest fellowship in it, otherwise it 
 must soon wither and die. No candidates were exalted 
 this year, and but nine meetings were held — two in Jan- 
 uary and none from February nth to June 24th. The 
 very ones who had caused the suspension of the Chapter 
 failed to attend and support their Companions. 
 
 At the September meeting the High Priest brought up 
 the subject of continuing the organization of the Chapter, 
 as follows : 
 
 " The M. E. H. P. addressed the Chapter on the necessity 
 of our adopting some uniform course, either suspending or 
 continuing our regular meetings, expressing himself favorably 
 to the latter. M. E. Companion Dugan, an afifiliate member from 
 Phoenix Chapter, seconded the M. E. H. P. in favor of a regu- 
 lar organization. Comp. Narine recommended appointing a 
 committee to consider the subject, but after some discussion he 
 offered the following resolution, which was adopted : 
 
 " Resolved, That the M. E. H. P. be requested to address a 
 circular to the members of this Chapter, requesting their at- 
 tendance to confer on the necessity of keeping up our regular 
 organization." 
 
 At the following meeting, held October 14th, the High 
 Priest addressed the Companions in a very forcible and 
 earnest manner and urged their more prompt and regular 
 attendance, in which he was seconded by several Com- 
 panions. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER i6l 
 
 In order to test the sense of the members Companion 
 Burkhardt offered the following resolution, viz. : 
 
 " Resolved, That this Chapter suspend its meetings sine die." 
 
 This was unanimously voted down, as might have been 
 expected, for those who attended the meetings of the Chap- 
 ter were probably in favor of continuing it. In reply to 
 a question of a Companion the High Priest stated " that 
 the position of this Chapter in relation to the Grand Chap- 
 ter, was, that the Chapter had not been regularly suspended 
 or expelled by that Body, but that we were not acknowl- 
 edged by it at the present time." 
 
 The High Priest could not have been informed of the 
 action of the Grand Chapter or he would not have made 
 such a statement, for the action of the Deputy Grand High 
 Priest in suspending the Chapter was clearly approved by 
 the Grand Body at its annual meeting in 1856. 
 
 However, the Chapter was soon to emerge from its 
 night of gloom, and the disgrace with which it had been 
 branded for two years was about to be removed. It was 
 in the air that before many moons the two Grand Lodges 
 of the State would soon be reunited, and when this was 
 consummated all Companions of the Chapter would be in 
 good standing. 
 
 At the session of the Grand Chapter in 1858 Com- 
 panion J. B. Taylor of Corinthian Chapter, a former mem- 
 ber of Jerusalem Chapter, offered the following resolu- 
 tion, viz. : 
 
 " Resolved, That a committee be appointed to act in the 
 premises, to receive and determine any proposition which may 
 be made for the restoration of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, to 
 all the rights and privileges of a subordinate Chapter in good 
 standing." 
 
l62 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 This was referred to the Grand Council. 
 
 This motion by Companion Taylor was no doubt 
 prompted by the fact that the objectionable members of 
 the Chapter had at that time already withdrawn their 
 membership from the Chapter. 
 
 The communication these Companions had addressed 
 to the Chapter was dated January 28, 1858, the next day 
 after its first meeting since* the annual election in 1857. 
 
 The communication follows: 
 
 " New York, January 28, 1858. 
 " J. F. Robinson, Secretary of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8 : 
 
 " The undersigned Companions, members of Jerusalem 
 Chapter, No. 8, do respectfully withdraw our membership from 
 the same, and request you to have this duly entered upon the 
 minutes. 
 
 " This act arises solely from what we consider a just and 
 fraternal duty toward those Companions who will be thus left 
 untrammelled in their efforts to place the Chapter in that pros- 
 perous condition to which she is entitled. 
 
 " At the same time we recognize now, as ever, the principle 
 of our rights, which we as a little band of Royal Arch Masons 
 have so nobly maintained. We shall hold and cherish these 
 Companions as most worthy of our fraternal esteem and re- 
 gard." 
 
 Signed A. W. King, Frederick Fawcett, J. Ogden Hoffman, 
 Alexander Frear, Henry Walters, Isaac V. Fowler, R. Ayres, 
 Peter Gardner, Henry H. Ward, John J. Crane, J. H. Mott, 
 Jacob Vanderpool, V. Whitcomb, Edward Bill, F. S. Vander- 
 pool, Thomas Shiers, and A. H. Bartlett. 
 
 The first meeting of the Chapter after this communica- 
 tion was mailed did not occur until March 24th, two 
 months later. 
 
 A committee was therefore appointed to draft a petition 
 to the Grand Chapter for reinstatement. This was un- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 163 
 
 doubtedly referred to the D. G. H. P., Companion James 
 M. Austin, for on July 14th the Chapter met under a dis- 
 pensation from the D. G. H. P. The High Priest read 
 the dispensation and explained the cause of so few names 
 being attached thereto. A resolution was then adopted 
 whereby the names of twenty-seven Companions were 
 added, among them several of those who had withdrawn 
 a few months previously. 
 
 Fourteen meetings were held in 1858 and four candi- 
 dates were exalted. M. .E.. Companion Asa Child, who 
 had been a strong tower of defence to the Chapter through- 
 out its trouble with the Grand Chapter, passed away Sep- 
 tember 28th. 
 
 In October the following brethren were proposed, and 
 afterward became very prominent in the work, viz. : 
 Brother Charles W. Sy of Atlantic Lodge, for twenty- 
 seven years Secretary of the Chapter; Brother Jotham 
 Post of Holland Lodge, and Companion Horace S. Tay- 
 lor, by affiliation from Morning Star Chapter, Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 Acting under the advice of M. .E.. Companion Austin 
 the Chapter held its annual election in December and chose 
 Companion Alexander Frear High Priest. 
 
 At the session of the Grand Chapter in February, 1859, 
 the Chapter was restored to good standing by the adoption 
 of the following resolution, viz. : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Warrant of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, 
 be restored to the Chapter on payment to the Grand Secretary 
 of the exaltation fees of all members exalted to the Royal Arch 
 Degree by the Chapter while acting under Dispensation, and 
 that an election of officers be ordered by the Grand High Priest." 
 
 The Chapter paid fees for the eight Companions exalted 
 during the previous six months. 
 
164 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Several of the candidates who joined the Chapter from 
 1855 to 1858 were well-known citizens of New York, 
 some of whom attained high honors in Freemasonry. 
 Among them Edward Bill, one of the substantial mer- 
 chants of the metropolis — he was an honored member of 
 Holland Lodge and of great value as the representative of 
 that Lodge on the Board of ReHef; J. N. Balestier, a Past 
 Master and the historian of Holland Lodge; H. C. Banks, 
 active in the Scottish Rite, and a prime mover in uniting 
 the various Grand Bodies representing that branch of 
 Freemasonry in 1862 — he was one of the first thirty-three 
 active 33d Degree Masons; John J. Crane, M.D., Past 
 Master of Holland Lodge and Grand Master of the Grand 
 Lodge in 1862 — he continued a member of the Chapter 
 until his death in 1890; Jeremiah Car hart, famous for his 
 invention of the exhaustion bellows and tubular reed-board 
 for reed instruments — he was the partner of Excellent 
 Companion Swartz in the manufacture of church organs; 
 also Isaac V. Fowler, Postmaster of New York City. 
 
 Ancient Chapter, No. i, which had been under suspen- 
 sion for about ten years, was also restored to good stand- 
 ing at this session of the Grand Chapter, but was obliged 
 to pay fees on the forty candidates it had exalted during 
 that time. 
 
 On the 9th day of February, 1859, the Chapter met in 
 regular convocation, when M.-.E.'.James M. Austin, Grand 
 High Priest of the State, opened the Chapter and made 
 the following statement, viz. : 
 
 " I appear here this evening by the authority of the Grand 
 Chapter of the State of New York for the purpose of restoring 
 to Jerusalem Chapter the ' Old Warrant,' which for a time had 
 been declared forfeited, and it affords me great pleasure in 
 thus placing Jerusalem Chapter in possession of that time- 
 honored relic." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 165 
 
 The restoration was a mere formality, for as a matter 
 of fact the warrant was never for a moment out of the 
 possession of the High Priest. 
 
 The old Charter has been handed down from High 
 Priest to High Priest, and is prized so highly by the mem- 
 bers that it is brought out once a year only at the annual 
 convocation. It has come down the century without alter- 
 ation or erasure, and though for years it has shown the 
 wrinkles of its age, it is to-day clearly legible, with the im- 
 mortal name of DeWitt Clinton at the head of its list of 
 signers. 
 
 Great credit is due Right Excellent Companion Fergu- 
 son for his influence in persuading the Grand Chapter to 
 issue the duplicate warrant under which the Chapter is 
 now working. The possession of two warrants under such 
 circumstances is unique in the Masonic history of this State. 
 
 Companion Swartz, who upheld the organization of the 
 Chapter during these troublous times, is entitled to the great- 
 est credit. It was not contumacy that led the Chapter into 
 rebellion against the governing body of the State. Had it been 
 that spirit that prompted the Companions to take such action, 
 they should receive the severest censure. Rather, it was the 
 principle of justice which they contended for. 
 
 They are entitled to the greatest commendation for unflinch- 
 ing courage in maintaining what they deemed to be their rights. 
 A large share of the credit should be paid to the courageous 
 Companion who led the Chapter through its perilous situation. 
 
 Companion Swartz was associated for many years with the 
 firm of Carhart, Needham & Co., organ builders. He was a 
 charter member, the first senior deacon, and the second Master 
 of Atlantic Lodge. In addition to his four years' service as 
 High Priest he was for two years King and one year Scribe 
 of the Chapter, and in 1859 and i860 was Principal Sojourner. 
 He was also active in Templarism. He was Commander of 
 Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, in 1859. He died De- 
 cember 2, 1865, in New York City. 
 
CHAPTER XLVI. 
 
 1859-1860 
 
 Godfrey W. Steinbrenner, High Priest 
 
 On the restoration of the Chapter to good standing, an 
 election of ofificers for the ensuing year was held at the 
 February convocation. For some unexplained reason the 
 Companions did not elect Companion Frear, who had 
 been provisionally elected High Priest at the annual con- 
 vocation held in December, 1858, but instead chose Com- 
 panion Steinbrenner to preside over its councils. An- 
 other important change was the election of Companion 
 Charles W. Sy as Secretary in place of Companion Rob- 
 inson, who had served the Chapter with faithfulness and 
 ability since 1852. At this meeting Companion George 
 Skinner was appointed Sentinel, which office he has filled 
 each consecutive year since. 
 
 Excellent Companion W. W. Nexsen, a Past High 
 Priest, was restored to membership this year. 
 
 A testimonial, consisting of a silver tea-set, valued at 
 $200, was presented to Companion Swartz on his retire- 
 ment from office. 
 
 The Book of Marks, which has been used to record the 
 marks of the Companions up to the present time, was 
 purchased this year. Nineteen meetings were held in 
 1859 and four candidates were exalted. On May nth 
 there were the names of forty-six Companions on the rolls. 
 
 At the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter in i860 
 Jerusalem Chapter returned the names of forty-eight mem- 
 
 166 
 
Xfyyys'UA^^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 167 
 
 bers, the smallest number reported by any of the nine 
 Chapters in New York City for that year. 
 
 The next year, however, showed a marked improve- 
 ment. There were nineteen convocations in i860. 
 
 Companion Sy was the first of our Secretaries to use the 
 word " convocation." It is very appropriate for gatherings 
 of Royal Arch Masons, signifying, as it does, " a calling to- 
 gether," and as every Chapter of Royal Arch Masons is 
 a representation of dispersed Masons who are convoked 
 to rebuild the " Second Temple," the significance is es- 
 pecially applicable. Twelve candidates were exalted this 
 year. Among these candidates are the names of Charles 
 A. Clinton, a son of DeWitt Clinton; Dr. Robert George 
 Remsen, an eminent physician — he remained a member of 
 the Chapter for thirty-six years, until his death in 1896; 
 Charles A. Rapallo, a prominent lawyer who later was 
 chosen a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; Hiram Cranston, 
 famous as " mine host " of the New York Hotel; also J. 
 Howard Wainwright, Sr., son of Bishop J. Mayhew Wain- 
 wright, who was once Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge 
 and an active Mason in his day. Fifty-seven names were 
 returned to the Grand Chapter. 
 
 Companion Steinbrenner was born in New York City in 
 1828. He was made a Mason in Atlantic Lodge in 1852. He 
 served as Secretary of the Lodge the same year; was elected 
 Senior Warden in 1854, and Master in 1856 and 1857. He 
 joined the Chapter in 1853. He was Principal Sojourner in 
 1855 ^nd 1858, and again in 1861. 
 
 Companion Steinbrenner possessed a philosophical mind 
 which led him to study the deeper things relative to the Institu- 
 tion of Freemasonry. He early accumulated a Masonic library 
 which was considered the most valuable one of its kind in 
 New York City, if not in the country. He was instrumental in 
 forming a society principally composed of members of Atlantic 
 
l68 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Lodge and known as the Litomia Society. It was the custom 
 of the members of this society to prepare and read papers on 
 and discuss all sorts of abstruse subjects in any way connected 
 with the subject of Freemasonry, and although the society was 
 philosophical in its character, the social side of Freemasonry 
 was not lost sight of, and their meetings were truly symposiums 
 in the highest sense. Companion Steinbrenner terminated his 
 membership in the Chapter in 1865. He died in Mount Vernon, 
 N. Y., July 16, 1893. 
 
CHAPTER XLVII. 
 
 1861-62-63-64 
 
 Horace S. Taylor, High Priest 
 
 Prosperity was a marked characteristic of the Chap- 
 ter during the first year of Companion Taylor's admin- 
 istration, notwithstanding the great Civil War which 
 commenced this year. 
 
 At the beginning of 1861 the Chapter was still meeting 
 at No. 643 Broadway, but in February it was voted to 
 meet in Holland Lodge-rooms, No. 8 Union Square, and 
 the first meeting in March was held there. Prior to the 
 date of the next meeting a disastrous fire occurred in that 
 building, and the Chapter was forced to return to the City 
 Hotel. There was no great loss by this fire; only the 
 officers' jewels and a portion of their regalia were destroyed. 
 On May 4th the Chapter met at No. 305 Fourth Street, in 
 the Atlantic Lodge-rooms, but returned to No. 8 Union 
 Square on June 22d. 
 
 Early in the year the By-laws were revised and some im- 
 portant alterations were made in them. The annual dues 
 were raised from $2.50 to $5 and the exaltation fee from 
 $20 to $30. The Secretary's salary was raised from $25 
 to $50 per annum. 
 
 At this time the Chapter was largely dominated by 
 members hailing from Holland Lodge, No. 8, and nearly 
 all of the long list of candidates proposed this year were 
 from that Lodge. Twenty-five meetings were held and 
 seventeen candidates were exalted in 1861. Dr. Alex- 
 
170 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ander B. Mott, son of the famous Dr. Valentine Mott, and 
 himself a very skilful surgeon, was exalted this year. The 
 year closed with sixty-nine members on the rolls. 
 
 Fourteen candidates were exalted in 1862, and the rolls 
 contained the names of eighty-one members. Brother B. 
 D. Skidmore, whose proposition and rejection some years 
 before caused so much bitterness, was proposed again this 
 year, and was in due course elected and exalted. Other 
 candidates were Samuel L. M. Barlow, a prominent attor- 
 ney-at-law in this city and noted as a collector of valuable 
 books. He died in 1889. Henry B. Clitz, a gallant soldier 
 of two wars, who was brevetted First Lieutenant for 
 bravery at the battle of Cerro Gordo in the Mexican War; 
 lost a leg at the Seven Days' Battle in Virginia during 
 the War of the Rebellion, and was brevetted Lieutenant- 
 Colonel in the Regular Army. Edward Cooper, Mayor 
 of New York City from 1879 to 1881, and one of the 
 famous Committee of Seventy to investigate the Tweed 
 Ring. Dr. J. M. Carnochan, a famous surgeon of his 
 day. In 1851 Dr. Carnochan performed an operation for 
 the cure of elephantiasis, which had heretofore resisted 
 all methods of treatment, and was so successful that the 
 patient entirely recovered. He was the first to remove 
 the entire lower jaw at one operation, which he did in 
 1 85 1, the patient being alive and well four years later. 
 In 1856 he performed an original operation in a case 
 of chronic facial neuralgia, which gave him a world-wide 
 reputation as a bold, dexterous, and successful operator. 
 He was Professor of Surgery in the New York Medical 
 College for a number of years and was Health Officer 
 of the Port of New York in 1870-71. Dr. Henry F. 
 Quackenbos, another noted member of the medical pro- 
 fession, was admitted a member of the Chapter this year. 
 Dr. Quackenbos rendered distinguished services for the 
 
yi^>^^^ -^^-j^^^/^^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 171 
 
 city in the cholera epidemic of 1849, when he took charge 
 of Bellevue Hospital and scarcely rested day or night until 
 the disease abated its violence. Dr. Quackenbos had a 
 large practice among the members of the dramatic profes- 
 sion, and was the intimate friend of Edwin Forrest, John 
 Brougham, Davidge, and others. Companion Oscar C. 
 Ferris, who, next to Companion Skinner, is the senior mem- 
 ber of the Chapter, was also exalted this year. 
 
 M.-.E.-. Companion James M. Austin, P. G. H. P., was 
 elected an affiliate member of the Chapter. 
 
 The report of the Standing Committee in December, 
 1862, showed a very satisfactory condition, and in closing 
 the report the committee made this statement : 
 
 " In submitting this report your Committee would congratu- 
 late the Chapter on the steady progress which it has made 
 during the past year not only as regards its financial condition, 
 but in the number of its members and in the increased interest 
 and zeal generally manifested by the Companions. It should 
 be, indeed, a matter of pride and congratulation that Jerusalem 
 Chapter can now safely be said to have entirely recovered from 
 the state of decline in which it was thrown by the unfortunate 
 circumstances of 1857, which are still fresh in the memory of 
 some of the Companions. The subsequent experience of the 
 Chapter has demonstrated that the principles which it then 
 maintained were founded on right and justice, and have re- 
 sulted in placing it at this day second to none in the State." 
 
 The following year, 1863, was a gloomy one in the his- 
 tory of our country. The prestige of the Northern Arms 
 had not succeeded in establishing the confidence that their 
 efiforts would be successful, and there was in consequence 
 a general depression in the business, social, and fraternal 
 relations of our city. 
 
 Fewer meetings were held by the Chapter than usual; 
 
172 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 eight candidates only were exalted, and at the close of the 
 year a net loss of one was shown. 
 
 The afifairs of the Chapter for the next year, 1864, were 
 more in keeping with the brighter prospects then in view 
 toward ending the internecine strife which was desolating 
 our fair land. Twelve candidates were exalted, and the year 
 was closed with a total membership of ninety-two and with 
 the largest cash balance for many years. The Treasurer 
 reported $357.12 on hand. For the first time in the his- 
 tory of the Chapter the Royal Arch Degree was conferred 
 upon more than three candidates in one evening. 
 
 Companion George C. Rexford, at present a member of 
 the Chapter, was appointed organist this year at a salary 
 of $75 per annum. 
 
 Most Excellent Companion Horace S. Taylor was long prom- 
 inent as a banker in the financial district of New York City. 
 
 He affiliated with Holland Lodge, No. 8, in 1858, and was its 
 Master in 1863 and 1864. His three terms as District Deputy 
 Grand Master made him a noted figure in the Craft through- 
 out the Metropolitan district, long before his election to the 
 Deputy Grand Mastership of the State, which occurred in 1880. 
 As Grand Master he served the brethren faithfully in 1881. 
 One of the most praiseworthy things he did, and which has 
 redounded to the great credit of the Grand Lodge for many 
 years, was his appointment of Brother Edward M. L. Ehlers 
 to the office of Grand Secretary, made vacant by the death of 
 Dr. James M. Austin. 
 
 M. .E.-. Companion Taylor was Deputy Grand High Priest 
 of the Grand Chapter in 1863 and 1864, and Grand High Priest 
 in 1865 and 1866. 
 
 He joined Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, K. T., in 
 i860, and was its Eminent Commander in 1865-66-67. Com- 
 panion Taylor was a most faithful member of Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter, and his interest in it was of the closest up to the very time 
 of his death, which occurred May 21, 1884. For twelve years 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 173 
 
 he was the Treasurer of the Chapter, and too much praise can 
 hardly be given him for accepting this office amid the large 
 transactions of his own business afifairs. 
 
 The following flattering preamble and resolution were 
 adopted by the Chapter on the retirement of M.-.E.-. Compan- 
 ion Taylor from the office of High Priest : 
 
 " Whereas, M. E. Companion Horace S. Taylor, Grand High 
 Priest of the State of New York, who for four years filled the 
 office of High Priest of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, with marked 
 and distinguished ability, who now so eminently fills the High 
 office of Grand High Priest of the State, whereby this Chapter 
 has enrolled another name upon its lists of honored Past High 
 Priests, and 
 
 " Whereas, Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, was wont in days 
 gone by, in some particular manner, to show their appreciation 
 of those who labored and served them faithfully, and 
 
 " Whereas, That during the term of office of M. E. Compan- 
 ion Taylor, its progress and success has been unequalled; its 
 position and financial prosperity higher than ever before at- 
 tained ; that from owing a large debt and an empty Treasury, 
 to the satisfaction of not having an outstanding obligation; 
 with a surplus of funds on hand; and 
 
 " Whereas, This agreeable change in its afifairs is justly due 
 in a great degree to the zeal, industry, and persevering efforts 
 of M. E. Companion Taylor; 
 
 " Therefore, in order to render a proper regard for these 
 valued services, be it 
 
 " Resolved, That a special Committee of three be appointed to 
 procure a suitable testimonial to be presented to M. E. Com- 
 panion Horace S. Taylor on behalf of the Companions of Jeru- 
 salem Chapter, No. 8, in token of their affection and esteem." 
 
 This testimonial consisted of a handsome gold watch 
 valued at $385. 
 
CHAPTER XLVIII. 
 
 1865 
 
 JoTHAM Post, M.D., High Priest 
 
 If 1864 showed a greater degree of prosperity in the 
 Chapter than had been experienced for many years, this 
 year, 1865, was in all respects the best the Chapter had 
 had for forty years. Thirty-three candidates were exalted, 
 the largest number since 1824. One hundred and nine- 
 teen members were on the rolls, which surpassed all pre- 
 vious records. The Rev. Dr. Sullivan H. Weston, a 
 minister of Trinity Parish and Chaplain of the Seventh 
 Regiment, was exalted this year. Companions H. Cruger 
 Oakley and George G. Wilmerding, still on the active list, 
 were also among the candidates. Although considerable 
 money was spent for paraphernalia and in paying a large 
 debt, amounting to $250 and of about ten years' stand- 
 ing, the finances were in good condition. One hundred 
 dollars was appropriated to the Hall and Asylum Fund; 
 $100 toward rebuilding the Masonic Temple in Columbia, 
 S. C, which was destroyed during the War of the Re- 
 bellion; $50 was donated to the Salem Town Monument, 
 and $50 to the Mackay Testimonial; and yet the Treasurer 
 reported a balance of $404.77 at the annual meeting. 
 
 Companion Post served as King during the four years that 
 M. E. Companion Taylor was High Priest. He hailed from 
 Holland Lodge, of which he was Master in 1861 and 1862. His 
 interest in the Chapter was only passive, although he remained 
 a member until 1874. He was by profession a physician, but 
 being a wealthy man had long been retired. He lived in Paris 
 for many years, until his death, which occurred there in 1877. 
 
 174 
 
o^^^^^^. 
 
CHAPTER XLIX. 
 
 1866-67-68 
 
 Zachariah Dederick, High Priest 
 
 The Chapter experienced marvellous prosperity during 
 the three years of Companion Dederick's reign. Perhaps 
 this was to be expected, for everything was booming after 
 the Civil War. At the close of 1866 the rolls contained the 
 names of one hundred and sixty-nine members, forty-nine 
 having been exalted during the year. Among these can- 
 didates were Harkness Boyd, E. L. Merrifield, William H. 
 Atwater, Pierre Lorillard, and Alfred L. Seton, all still on 
 the active list; also John E. Bendix, Colonel of the Tenth 
 New York Volunteers in the Civil War and distinguished 
 for bravery. Two others exalted this year were Walter 
 Cutting, a recent Grand Commander of Knights Templar 
 in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and James E. Morri- 
 son, who later became Grand High Priest of New York. 
 The number exalted was the highest record ever achieved 
 up to that time. The receipts for the year were over $2,000. 
 Large sums were expended, among them $230 for banners, 
 %yy for aprons, $148 for a supper, $161 in charity, and $152 
 for paraphernalia. The By-laws were again revised, and 
 important changes made in them. The exaltation fee was 
 raised to $50, the affiliation fee to $25, and the annual dues 
 to $10. No member was allowed to vote or be elected to 
 office who had failed to pay his dues at the annual convo- 
 cation. There was a provision in the By-laws whereby a 
 
 175 
 
176 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Companion paying the sum of $50 was to be exempt from 
 annual dues. The money thus paid in was to be devoted 
 to a Permanent Fund. Companion J. H. Toone was the 
 first member to contribute to the fund. 
 
 Thirty- two Companions were exalted in 1867, and the 
 year's work resulted in a membership of one hundred and 
 ninety. Among the candidates were John L. Dudley, F. 
 D. Hughes, Jr., and Haskell A. Searle, still on the active 
 list. Thirteen members paid life dues, making the Per- 
 manent Fund $650. 
 
 This money was invested in United States Bonds bear- 
 ing interest at six per cent.' Over $2,100 was otherwise 
 received, and there was a balance of $248.87 in the General 
 Fund at the close of the year. The Chapter was about as 
 free in its expenditures as it had been the year previously. 
 Generous amounts were given in charity. Fifty dollars 
 was appropriated for fifty tickets to a concert to be given 
 in aid of Southern Masons. The mileage and expenses 
 of the King and Scribe to the Grand Chapter were paid 
 and amounted to $72.80. 
 
 A change in the manner of electing the officers was 
 made at the annual convocation in 1867, presumably in 
 accordance with new rules adopted by the Grand Chapter. 
 The Council officers, the Secretary, and the Treasurer only 
 were elected. All other officers were appointed. 
 
 The year 1868 was not quite as prosperous as the two 
 preceding years. Only twenty-four candidates were ex- 
 alted, among them James Benkard, William F. Moller, and 
 James R. Waterlow, all living and members at the present 
 time. Fourteen members withdrew. All through these 
 years, when so many candidates were being proposed, only 
 two were rejected. This spoke well for the character of 
 the candidates, for at nearly every convocation a list was 
 received from one or more of the other city Chapters 
 
><^?^?i^^Sa'i^.*</C ^J^^fi(:U'iU^^^KJ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 177 
 
 containing the names of those who had been rejected in 
 said Chapters. 
 
 These names were recorded in what was known as the 
 " Black Book." 
 
 The Chapter continued to make large appropriations of 
 money; $267 was given in charity, $200 was paid as salary 
 to the Secretary, $150 to the organist, and $50 as a 
 Christmas gift to a needy Companion. The year closed 
 with one hundred and ninety-seven members, eighteen be- 
 ing life members. There were $587.60 in the General 
 Fund and $703.50 due from members. 
 
 Companion J. S. Waterbury presented the Chapter with 
 a silver urn — for what purpose, no one ever knew. The 
 Companion was later made a life member for his gen- 
 erosity(?). The urn is still among the archives. 
 
 The three years of Excellent Companion Dederick's 
 administration have been alluded to as highly prosperous, 
 and yet it is a question whether the work accomplished 
 was of a lasting character. There was a great deal of so- 
 ciability; the members attended the convocations in large 
 numbers; the receipts were large. On the other hand, 
 it does not appear that the candidates were greatly im- 
 pressed with the rendition of the work or that much was 
 done in the way of teaching the fundamental principles of 
 the institution. 
 
 Financially speaking, there was too prodigal an expen- 
 diture of the funds, and some donations for charitable pur- 
 poses were made without due investigation. However, the 
 members could hardly be blamed for their lavishness. It 
 was but the reflex of all business and social life at this 
 period. Money was quickly and easily obtained and as 
 freely spent in all departments of city life. 
 
178 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Zachariah Dederick, as his name implies, was a descendant 
 of the old Knickerbockers. He inherited their love for the 
 genial, social side of life, and was ever ready to give of his time 
 and means to provide enjoyment for others. 
 
 Companion Dederick was an energetic and indefatigable 
 worker, and his brethren could always rely upon him to be 
 faithful to every trust reposed in him, and to fulfil every duty 
 assigned to him. He was made a Mason in Atlantic Lodge 
 in 1853, and the same year was appointed Senior Deacon. He 
 was Junior Warden in 1854, Senior Warden in 1856-57-58, 
 and Worshipful Master in 1859 and i860. In the Chapter — 
 which he joined in i860 — he served as Master of the First Vail, 
 Principal Sojourner, and Scribe, before his election as High 
 Priest in 1866-67-68. He was also active in Templarism and 
 was Commander of Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, in 
 1876 and 1877. 
 
 He was a member of the Building Committee of the Masonic 
 Hall, and later was a Trustee of the Masonic Hall and Asylum 
 Fund. Companion Dederick was a Chemist and Assayer. He 
 died October 19, 1893. 
 
CHAPTER L. 
 
 I 869- I 870 
 
 John T. Conover, High Priest 
 
 The rising tide of prosperity started by M. .E/. Com- 
 panion Taylor and continued by Companion Dederick did 
 not continue in its strong upward tendency during 1869 
 and 1870. Eleven candidates were exalted the first year 
 and sixteen members withdrew or were dropped. The 
 second year had a little better showing than the first. 
 Nineteen candidates were exalted, which enabled the Chap- 
 ter to show slight gains. However, perhaps the time had 
 arrived when some of the tares ought to be removed. Com- 
 panions William C. Smith, James Harper, Leonard W. 
 Warner, and former Judge Alfred T. Ackert were among 
 those exalted, who are still on the active list. 
 
 The Chapter continued in its somewhat generous out- 
 lay of money which had obtained for several years past. 
 The Secretary and Organist received large salaries. The 
 expenses of the King and Scribe in their attendance at 
 Grand Chapter sessions were still paid by the Chapter. 
 Over $500 was given in charity this year. 
 
 The building in which the Chapter held its meetings 
 was leased by Companion Dederick at a rental of $2,500 
 per annum, and the Chapter agreed to assume one-half 
 the responsibility of the lease, the rent it was to pay, how- 
 ever, being $400 per annum. 
 
 At the close of 1869 the Permanent Fund amounted to 
 $1,045.89, with nineteen contributing members. In 1870 
 it was increased to $1,300, with twenty-three life members. 
 
 179 
 
l8o HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 The ritual of the Royal Craft at this time was inter- 
 preted about as each Chapter pleased, and many practices 
 were introduced which did not accord with the history 
 and principles of Capitular Masonry. The Grand Chapter, 
 in consequence, passed the following resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That Subordinate Chapters be forbidden to in- 
 troduce or practise any ceremonies in conferring the Capitular 
 degrees, not contained in the rituals as now taught by the Grand 
 Lecturer, and that none but officers of the Chapter be allowed 
 to interfere or participate in the ceremonials, except such as 
 may be specially detailed therefor by the High Priest; and 
 any violation of this rule shall subject the offending Chapter 
 to a forfeiture of its warrant." 
 
 Companion Conover was a noted builder of large buildings 
 in New York City. He was the second builder to preside over 
 the deliberations of the Chapter. 
 
 He was the builder of the new Masonic Hall which was in 
 course of construction while he was High Priest of the Chapter. 
 
 He hailed from Holland Lodge, but his chief activities in 
 Masonry were in Chapter and Commandery. He was Com- 
 mander of Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, in 1872 and 
 
 1873- 
 
 It was a source of great pride to Companion Conover that 
 his son Warren was the first brother to receive the Mark De- 
 gree in the new Temple which he had wrought so faithfully to 
 erect for the use of the Craft. Companion Conover remained 
 a steadfast member of the Chapter until his death in 1879. 
 
iT^ 
 
CHAPTER LI. 
 
 1871-1872 
 
 James F. Ferguson, M.D., High Priest 
 
 Companion Ferguson achieved the distinction of 
 bringing the membership of the Chapter beyond the 
 double-century mark. At the end of his first year there 
 were two hundred and six members on the rolls, and by 
 the end of the second year of his administration the num- 
 ber was increased to two hundred and eleven. The Chap- 
 ter was very prosperous financially. About $2,000 was 
 received the first year, and the Permanent Fund was in- 
 creased to $1,400. 
 
 The deaths of R.-.E.. Companion Powell, late D. G. H. P. 
 of the State and a P. H. P. of this Chapter, and of Com- 
 panion A. W. King, for a long time Treasurer of the Chap- 
 ter, occurred in 1872. 
 
 The most important event during Companion Fergu- 
 son's administration was the conferring of the Royal Arch 
 Degree in Irving Hall in the presence of a vast assemblage 
 of Royal Arch Masons, larger perhaps than had ever before 
 been congregated at any one time and place. 
 
 This convocation was not only a great success in at- 
 tendance and in the exemplification of the degree — it was 
 a noteworthy epoch in the history and progress of the 
 Craft. It was quite impossible in so large an assemblage 
 as gathered in Irving Hall to count the exact number 
 present, but it was estimated that there were 1,400 Com- 
 panions in the hall. 
 
l82 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 The Grand High Priests of New York, New Jersey, 
 and Pennsylvania, besides a number of Past Grand High 
 Priests, the High Priests and a delegation from each of 
 the thirty-six Chapters in this city and vicinity, together 
 with a large number of our own Companions, graced the 
 occasion by their presence. 
 
 The officers chosen for the several stations in the work 
 of the degree were as follows : 
 
 R.-.E.-. Jackson H. Chase, Grand Lecturer, as High 
 Priest; R.-.E.-.John Sheville, as King; E.-.Morton C. 
 Tomlins, as Scribe; R.-.E. .George Van VHet, as Captain 
 of the Host; Companion T. M. B. Cross, as Principal So- 
 journer; Companion Charles Roome, as Royal Arch Cap- 
 tain; E. -.William F. Costenbader, as Master of the Third 
 Vail; Companion Burgess, as Master of the Second Vail; 
 E.-.H. S. Knapp, as Master of the First Vail. 
 
 The efifectiveness of the ceremonies of the degree was 
 greatly enhanced by the choir, chosen to sing at appro- 
 priate points in the work. 
 
 Companion Ferguson was the first member of Kane Lodge, 
 No. 454, to be exalted in Jerusalem Chapter. He was made a 
 Mason in Kane Lodge in 1864 and joined Jerusalem Chapter 
 in 1865. The following year he was appointed Master of the 
 Second Vail. He was Captain of the Host in 1867 and 1868. 
 He was elected Scribe in 1869, King in 1870, and High Priest 
 in 1871 and 1872. The history of the minutes for the two 
 years that he was High Priest indicate the energetic character 
 of Companion Ferguson's administration, and is but the index 
 of the manner in which he performs every duty devolving upon 
 him. 
 
 He has been a member of Cceur de Lion Commandery since 
 1865, but was never so active in Commandery or Lodge as he 
 has been in the Chapter, although preferment in both of these 
 bodies could have been his had he chosen to accept the offices 
 proffered him. 
 
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HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 183 
 
 He has been rather active in the Scottish Rite, and was 
 crowned honorary member of the 33d, and last degree, Sep- 
 tember 18, 1888. 
 
 James Francis Ferguson was the fourth son of John and 
 Janete Ferguson and was bom at the corner of Prince and 
 Marion Streets, in the city of New York, on the loth day of 
 October, 1839. 
 
 In 1841 his father moved with his family from No. 63 Prince 
 Street to No. 5 Waverley Place. He entered the office of Dr. 
 James R. Wood in the fall of 1857, at No. 2 Irving Place, and 
 at that time matriculated in the medical department of the 
 University of the City of New York. He graduated from this 
 institution as Doctor of Medicine in 1861 and received the same 
 degree from the Bellevue Medical College in 1862. In i860 
 he was appointed a Junior Assistant Surgeon in Bellevue Hos- 
 pital, and later transferred for temporary duty as House Sur- 
 geon in the Charity Hospital, Blackwell's Island, and again re- 
 turned in 1861 as a Senior Assistant in the Bellevue Hospital. 
 
 At the breaking out of the Civil War he offered his services 
 to the State; was commissioned an Assistant Surgeon in the 
 Second New York State Militia; and was mustered into the 
 service of the United States on May 21, 1861. He served with 
 his regiment at the Battle of Blackburn's Ford, July 18, 1861, 
 and at the first Battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, in which 
 fight he was wounded seriously in the left leg, captured, and 
 taken a prisoner of war to Orange Court House, Va., and after- 
 ward to Libby Prison. His mother succeeded in passing the 
 lines and was successful in obtaining his release on parole in 
 the late fall of 1861, when he was brought under a flag of truce 
 to Fortress Monroe, and from thence returned home, where he 
 remained on parole until discharged, August 21, 1862, in Balti- 
 more. 
 
 Having been exchanged he accepted a commission as Major 
 and Surgeon of the i6sth New York Volunteers (Second 
 Duryees Zouaves) and was again mustered into the United 
 States service September 9, 1862. He served with General 
 Banks in his campaign in Louisiana, was present at the Battle 
 
1 84 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 of Plain Stores on May 21, 1863 ; at the siege of Port Hudson, 
 and in the battles at that place on May 27, June 8, and June 14, 
 1863. He was surgeon in charge of the Field Hospital on the 
 left of the line during the siege. 
 
 After the capitulation he was ordered to New Orleans, and 
 appointed Provost Surgeon in the city of New Orleans in 
 charge of Confederate prisoners, and examining surgeon of re- 
 enlistments. He then returned to his regiment, serving in the 
 campaigns in the Teche country and was honorably discharged 
 at Franklin, La., March 25, 1864. He was brevetted Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of New York Volunteers. 
 
 His professional appointments have been as follows, viz. : 
 
 Attending Surgeon Bellevue Hospital, Outdoor Department, 
 1870-1871 ; Visiting Surgeon to the Charity Hospital, Black- 
 well's Island, 1872-1892; Visiting Physician to Hospital for 
 Nervous Diseases, 1886-1892 ; and Consulting Physician of 
 the Charity, now City Hospital, since 1892. 
 
 He is a member of the following societies, viz. : 
 
 The Society of the Alumni of Bellevue Hospital, the Medical 
 Society of the County of New York, the New York Academy 
 of Medicine, the New York Neurological Society. He is also 
 a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the 
 United States, first class, insignia 581, February 6, 1867. 
 
 Since 1889 he has been the Proprietor and Medical Superin- 
 tendent of Falkirk, at Central Valley, N. Y., an institution for 
 the treatment of mental and nervous diseases. 
 
 Notwithstanding the arduous duties of his profession he still 
 retains a deep interest in all that pertains to Masonry in gen- 
 eral, and for Jerusalem Chapter in particular. 
 
Masonic Hall. Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenne. 
 
CHAPTER LII. 
 
 1873-1874 
 
 Eugene Van Benschoten, High Priest 
 
 The years 1873 and 1874 were successful ones in the work 
 of the Chapter, considering the times. The financial panic 
 of 1873 must have had a deterrent effect. The convoca- 
 tions were well attended and a number of candidates were 
 exalted — twenty-seven for the two years. Thaddeus P. 
 Mott, a famous soldier, son of Dr. Valentine Mott, was 
 one of the candidates. This Companion was an officer in 
 the Italian Army, served on the Union side throughout 
 the Civil War, and about 1869 was appointed a Major- 
 General in the Egyptian Army. Another candidate was 
 J. Edward Simmons, a man of high standing in the business 
 world and a Mason who has received the highest honors in 
 Freemasonry. He has by tongue and pen done much in 
 return for these honors. He is a Past Master of Kane 
 Lodge, No. 454. He was Grand Master of the Grand 
 Lodge in 1883. He was President of the Stock Exchange 
 in 1884-1885 and is connected with many financial institu- 
 tions at the present time. For twelve years he has been 
 the President of the Fourth National Bank, and is con- 
 sidered one of the leading financiers of this great and 
 wealthy city. He was for a time President of the Board 
 of Education. 
 
 There were a number of withdrawals in 1874, and 
 owing to large amounts owed by certain Companions, 
 several were suspended — sixteen at one convocation. 
 
 18S 
 
l86 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 The membership was increased to two hundred and seven- 
 teen the first year, but was reduced to two hundred and 
 three the second year. The number of life members in 
 1874 was thirty-three and the amount in the Permanent 
 Fund $1,400, $250 having been borrowed from the Fund 
 for current expenses. In March, 1874, it was proposed 
 that the Chapter move from No. 8 Union Square, where 
 it had been meeting for the past eighteen years, to the 
 new Masonic Temple, Twenty-third Street and Sixth 
 Avenue, then about approaching completion. This propo- 
 sition did not meet with the favor expected, and was de- 
 feated. The following month, however, the Chapter was 
 summoned to take action in this matter, and it was voted 
 to move to the new Temple on May ist. This was done, 
 and there was a large attendance to help in the " house- 
 warming." 
 
 One of the features of the convocation was the presen- 
 tation of a set of handsome gavels by Companion Dede- 
 rick. The Mark Master's Degree was conferred upon 
 Brothers Warren A. Conover and Dexter H. Walker. 
 
 The after-meeting was an elaborate affair. A sumptuous 
 banquet had been spread in the banquet-hall in the upper 
 part of the Temple, and there the Companions and Grand 
 Officers gathered and regaled themselves with the choice 
 viands which had been provided, after which remarks 
 felicitous of the occasion were delivered by some of the 
 shining Hghts, although no stenographic notes were taken. 
 
 It was a happy coincidence that a son of the builder of 
 the Temple should have been the first brother to be 
 " marked " therein. 
 
 Companion Van Benschoten was born in New York City 
 in 1832. At an early age he engaged in the jewelry trade, and 
 for many years was the importer of the famous Jurgessen 
 watches. He was made a Mason in Atlantic Lodge in 1864 ; 
 
// 
 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 187 
 
 served therein as Senior Deacon and Senior Warden, and was 
 its Worshipful Master in 1867-1868. In the Chapter he served 
 as Scribe in 1869 and 1870; King in 1871 and 1872, and 
 High Priest in 1873 and 1874. Companion Van Benschoten 
 remained a faithful and attentive member of the Chapter for 
 nearly twenty years, and his quiet, genial presence made him 
 always welcome to his Companions at the many convocations 
 he attended. He died in 1896. 
 
CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 187s 
 Thaddeus M. B. Cross, M.D., High Priest 
 
 For some reason, perhaps on account of the stringency 
 in the business world, the high tide of prosperity which 
 the Chapter had previously enjoyed began to wane. 
 The convocations were well attended and the ofificers were 
 faithful in the discharge of their duties, and yet but two 
 propositions for membership were received during the 
 year and six candidates only were exalted; several mem- 
 bers withdrew, and the year closed with only two hundred 
 members on the rolls. Companion David Banks, a well- 
 known citizen of the metropolis, was exalted this year. 
 He was born in this city December 25, 1827. His grand- 
 father was a Revolutionary hero, the friend of Wash- 
 ington, and with him crossed the Delaware River on a 
 memorable occasion. Companion Banks is a man of large 
 public spirit and is invariably named on committees for 
 any great public function. He is a member of several 
 well-known clubs. He is active in the societies of the 
 Sons of the Revolution, the War of 18 12, the Colonial 
 Wars, and is now Commander of the Society of Foreign 
 Wars. He has been of invaluable service to the University 
 of the City of New York. The magnificent site that that 
 institution of learning now occupies was secured by his 
 efforts. He was for four years Commodore of the Atlantic 
 Yacht Club and is still familiarly addressed by that title. 
 His interest in Jerusalem Chapter is still actively displayed. 
 
t//ua^a^60^A^ (/^Ty . [/d 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 189 
 
 At the close of this year there were thirty-four life mem- 
 bers, with $1,400 in the Permanent Fund. 
 
 Companion Cross hailed from Wyoming Lodge, Boston, 
 Mass., and joined the Chapter in 1867. In 1874 he affiliated 
 with Atlantic Lodge. 
 
 He served as Captain of the Host and King, and was elected 
 High Priest in 1875. He withdrew from the Chapter in 1878. 
 He is still living, and practising the profession of medicine in 
 New York City. 
 
CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 I 876-1 877 
 
 John A. Mapes, High Priest 
 
 The numerical retrogression which began in 1873, and 
 continued throughout the two years of Excellent Com- 
 panion Mapes's administration, was doubtless caused by the 
 business depression which was at that time almost universal 
 throughout the country. 
 
 During 1876 four candidates were exalted and one Com- 
 panion affiliated. 
 
 Death dealt a heavy blow to the membership. Nine 
 Companions passed within the vails of the heavenly tab- 
 ernacle during that year. The year closed with one hun- 
 dred and ninety-four members on the rolls. The next 
 year six candidates were exalted and two Companions 
 affiliated, but death, withdrawals, and suspensions depleted 
 the numbers still more, and the year closed with a net loss 
 of four, leaving one hundred and ninety members. 
 
 Excellent Companion George Ackerman, a P. H. P. of 
 the Chapter, who had not been within its Tabernacle since 
 1850, visited the Chapter at one of its convocations in 1877. 
 Excellent Companions Maurice Hoyt and Jotham Post, 
 both Past High Priests of the Chapter, died during the 
 year. 
 
 The financial condition of the Chapter was not at its 
 best, as a natural result of the constant loss of members; 
 and although the Chapter had passed through much more 
 serious difficulties in this respect, there was cause for alarm, 
 
 190 
 
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HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 191 
 
 and a committee was appointed to consider the whole 
 financial question. The Chapter was in the possession of 
 a Permanent Fund amounting to $1,400, and though 
 members now and then paid life dues, it was found neces- 
 sary to divert the funds thus paid in, to the General Fund. 
 
 The proxies for King and Scribe had for a number of 
 years received the amount of their expenses to and from 
 the annual sessions of the Grand Chapter. The officers' 
 salaries were large, and the rent of the Chapter-room was 
 $100 more than is now paid, all of which made it necessary 
 to retrench. 
 
 Companion Mapes was bom in Orange County, N. Y., Jan- 
 uary I, 1833, and studied law in the ofHce of Wilkin & Gott at 
 Goshen in the same county. In 1855 he was admitted to the 
 bar and at once began the practice of law in New York City, 
 in which profession he has been a bright example of the honest 
 lawyer for more than forty-four years. His reputation for 
 ability and integrity is unsurpassed in the legal fraternity. He 
 is a sincere and earnest Christian believer, and has long been a 
 trustee and active worker in the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 He was early attracted to the tenets of Freemasonry, and at 
 the age of thirty years was initiated into its mysteries in At- 
 lantic Lodge, No. 178, and the same year was elected Junior 
 Warden. He was Master of the Lodge in 1865-1866. He 
 joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1868. He was appointed Royal 
 Arch Captain in 1871, Captain of the Host in 1872, and served 
 as Principal Sojourner in 1873-1874. He was elected King 
 in 1875, and High Priest in 1876-1877. 
 
 He was knighted in Cceur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, in 
 187s, and in this branch of Freemasonry Companion Mapes 
 found his greatest love. He was appointed Junior Warden 
 in 1876, and Prelate in 1877-78-79. He was elected Captain 
 General in 1880, and Generalissimo in 1881-1882. He was 
 elected Commander in 1883 and 1884, and was again appointed 
 
192 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Prelate in 1886 and 1887. The latter year he was, on the first 
 ballot, elected Grand Warder of the Grand Commandery of 
 Knights Templar of the State of New York. Such an elec- 
 tion to this office was quite an unusual occurrence, as it prac- 
 tically led to a preferment in all the succeeding offices up the 
 line. Companion Mapes was elected to the next highest office 
 the following year, and each year thereafter moved up one 
 round of the ladder, and at Utica, in 1896, he received the su- 
 preme authority of Grand Commander. It will thus be seen 
 that Companion Mapes has served almost continuously in some 
 Masonic office for thirty-three years. None of the Past Grand 
 Commanders of this State stands higher in the love and esteem 
 of his fraters than Right Eminent Sir Knight Mapes. He is 
 the ideal Sir Knight, chivalrous in bearing, courtly in de- 
 meanor, kindly in spirit ; in short, all of the best of the char- 
 acteristic features of the knights of old are manifested in his 
 daily walk and conversation. 
 
CHAPTER LV. 
 
 1878 
 
 Royal E. Deane, High Priest 
 
 Seven candidates were exalted and there was one affilia- 
 tion this year. Many ■ of the Companions had allowed 
 themselves to become so deeply in arrears for dues that 
 it was deemed best to summon them. Fifteen were sus- 
 pended at one time. These, together with deaths and 
 withdrawals, lowered the number to one hundred and 
 seventy-five. 
 
 Excellent Companion W. W. Nexsen, a Past High 
 Priest for thirty years or more, was made a life member, 
 and Excellent Companion T. M. B. Cross, another Past 
 High Priest, dimitted and removed to Tennessee. 
 
 Companion Deane has been active in the several branches 
 of Freemasonry for many years. He comes of good old New 
 England stock, and was born in Weston, Vt., May 27, 1830. 
 He received his education in the common schools of New 
 England and early made his way to the Metropolis, where 
 he has been in active business for more than forty years. He 
 is now President of the Bramhall Deane Company, manu- 
 facturers of practical and scientific heating and cooking appara- 
 tus. Companion Deane was initiated in Kane Lodge, No. 454, 
 in 1863. After serving in nearly all the minor offices he was 
 elected Master in 1881 and has served the Lodge as Trustee for 
 a number of years. He was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter in 
 1867. He was appointed Master of the Third Vail in 1871. He 
 was elected Scribe in 1876 and 1877 ^"d High Priest in 1878. 
 
 193 
 
194 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 He was knighted in Coeur de Lion Commandery in 1868, and 
 was appointed Warder in 1872 and 1873 and Prelate in 1874 
 and 1875. In 1876 and 1877 he was its Generalissimo, and 
 in 1878 — the year he was High Priest of the Chapter — was 
 elected Commander. 
 
 With the exception of two years, he was the Prelate of the 
 Commandery from 1880 to 189 1. In Cryptic Masonry he 
 served as Thrice Illustrious Master of Adelphic Council, No. 
 7, and was Grand Representative of New Jersey near the 
 Grand Council of New York. He bears the title of Right 
 Worshipful in Ancient Craft Masonry, having been Grand 
 Representative of New Hampshire near the Grand Lodge of 
 New York. 
 
 Companion Deane bears a quiet dignity that makes one 
 feel that in him will be found one of nature's noblemen, which 
 he is. 
 
-7(rh^i^C M /^^ 
 
CHAPTER LVI. 
 
 1879-1880 
 
 Frank H. Hinds, High Priest 
 
 During these two years fifteen candidates were ex- 
 alted, but deaths and other losses reduced the number of 
 Companions on the rolls at the annual convocation in De- 
 cember, 1880, to one hundred and seventy-one. 
 
 During the latter year the rent of the Chapter-room was 
 reduced from $400 to $320 per annum. Excellent Com- 
 panion John T. Conover, a Past High Priest, died at Dobbs 
 Ferry, October 24, 1879. 
 
 The installation of officers at the annual convocation 
 of 1879 was a feature of this year's work. There were 
 present four Past Grand High Priests of the State, viz. : 
 John W. Simons, James M. Austin, Horace S. Taylor, and 
 Thomas C. Cassidy. M..E.. Companions Simons and Cas- 
 sidy acted as installing officers. 
 
 The Chapter was imposed upon by a candidate who 
 was exalted in 1878, and his case came up in 1879. He 
 denied ever having been rejected by a Chapter of Royal 
 Arch Masons, but it was later found that he had been re- 
 jected by Oneida Chapter, No. 57. The said Chapter tried 
 the Companion, and he was expelled for unmasonic con- 
 duct. Oneida Chapter then demanded the exaltation fee. 
 The matter was finally adjusted by paying to Oneida Chap- 
 ter the amount of its exaltation fee at the time, which was 
 $25. The matter was not brought to an amicable conclu- 
 sion until 1 88 1. 
 
 195 
 
196 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Of all the Past High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter not one 
 has a higher record for faithful attendance and continuous 
 regard for the Chapter, or is more generally esteemed by 
 his Companions, than Companion Hinds. For over thirty 
 years he has gone in and out among his Companions, and is 
 as active and alert as ever to see that everything is done to 
 conserve the best interests of Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
 Companion Hinds was bom in Binghamton, N. Y., in 183 1. 
 (It is worthy of remark that he and the two preceding High 
 Priests, Companions Deane and Mapes, were all born within 
 two or three years of each other ; all entered the Chapter about 
 the same time, and all held the office of High Priest at close 
 intervals.) 
 
 Companion Hinds was made a Mason in Atlantic Lodge in 
 1865. He was elected Senior Warden in 1867-1868, and for 
 four years thereafter was its Worshipful Master. 
 
 He joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1869 ; was appointed Mas- 
 ter of the Third Vail in 1873; Royal Arch Captain in 1874; 
 Principal Sojourner in 1875-1876, and Captain of the Host in 
 1877. He was elected King in 1878, and High Priest in 1879 
 and again in 1880. Companion Hinds found the work of the 
 Chapter so much to his liking that he has been content to 
 rest there, and has gone no higher in Masonry, as the term 
 is used. 
 
CHAPTER LVII. 
 
 1881 
 
 William Downes, High Priest 
 
 Several events of importance occurred this year. M/. 
 E.-. Companion James M. Austin, the Grand Secretary of 
 the Grand Lodge, Past Grand High Priest of the Grand 
 Chapter, and Past General Grand High Priest of the General 
 Grand Chapter of the United States, and an affiliate mem- 
 ber of Jerusalem Chapter, passed away. Also the death of 
 Companion James A. Garfield, President of the United 
 States, was noted, and the following resolution was 
 adopted : 
 
 " Whereas, Our late Companion, President James A. Gar- 
 field of Mount Vernon Chapter, No. 3, Washington, D. C, has 
 been summoned from labor here below to enter the presence 
 of the Grand Council above, be it 
 
 " Resolved, That a memorial page be set apart upon our 
 records to the memory of our distinguished Companion — and 
 our jewels be draped in mourning for the period of ninety 
 days." 
 
 The Chapter had a largely attended convocation on one 
 occasion, when the degree of Past Master was conferred 
 by R.'.E.-.James E. Morrison, Grand Captain of the Host 
 of the Grand Chapter of New York. 
 
 Only three candidates were exalted this year, and the 
 net loss sustained was live, leaving the membership one 
 hundred and sixty-six. 
 
 A surprise occurred at the annual convocation by the 
 
 197 
 
198 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 election of Companion Charles Roome from the ranks to 
 the first position in the Chapter. Companion Goodall, 
 who had served in the Council some years before, was 
 elected King, and Companion Conover, the King for 1881, 
 was elected Scribe. 
 
 It was at this annual convocation that the following 
 references to the death of M. .E.. Companion Austin were 
 recorded : 
 
 " The M. E. H. P. announced the death of M. E. Compan- 
 ion James M. Austin, who died in this city, December 3d, and 
 read a communication from the Grand High Priest, officially 
 notifying the Chapters of the death of M. E. Companion James 
 M. Austin, Past Grand High Priest of the State and Past 
 General Grand High Priest of the United States. On motion 
 of M. E. Companion Dederick, a committee was appointed to 
 draft suitable resolutions expressive of the sympathies of this 
 Chapter on the death of the M. E. Companion. The M. E. H. 
 P. then appointed as such committee the present Past High 
 Priests, viz. : E. Companions Dederick, Mapes, Van Benscho- 
 ten. Hinds, Deane, Ferguson, and Taylor." 
 
 The communication from the Grand High Priest was 
 then read, as follows : 
 
 "Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons 
 
 OF THE State of New York. 
 
 Office of the Grand High Priest, 
 
 New York, December 3, 1881. 
 
 " Companions : 
 
 " The melancholy duty devolves upon me to announce to you 
 the decease of our venerated and much beloved M. E. Com- 
 panion JAMES M. AUSTIN, Past Grand High Priest of New 
 York and Past General Grand High Priest of the United States. 
 
 " The sad event occurred at his residence in the city of New 
 York on Saturday, December 3, 1881. For some days prior to 
 his death he recognized the inevitable, knew that his remain- 
 ing hours on earth were numbered, and accepted the fiat of the 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 199 
 
 All-wise with the fullest resignation. He was a man who 
 possessed a pure, simple, and guileless heart. He was scrupu- 
 lously honest in all his dealings with his fellow-men; a de- 
 voted Christian ; and he passed away in the assured belief that 
 at the Judgment-seat of the Great Jehovah he would be accorded 
 the communication of ' Well done thou good and faithful ser- 
 vant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will set 
 thee over many things ; enter into the joy of thy Lord.' 
 
 " Companion AUSTIN occupied a most prominent place 
 in Masonic affairs during the past thirty years, and no name 
 is better known among Masons, wheresoever dispersed, than 
 his. It is, therefore, proper that suitable expressions of 
 mourning should be uttered in the Chapters of the States in 
 view of the sad event. 
 
 " I therefore order that this missive be read in your Chap- 
 ter at the next Convocation after its receipt, and spread in full 
 upon the minutes ; I further direct that the furniture of the 
 Chapter be draped in mourning for a period of not less than 
 ninety days. 
 
 " Given under my hand and the seal of the Grand Chapter, 
 December 3, 1881. 
 
 " William T. Woodruff, Grand High Priest, 
 " Christopher G. Fox, Grand Secretary." 
 
 At a subsequent convocation the following report on the 
 death of M. .E.. Companion Austin was presented and 
 adopted: 
 
 " Your Committee charged with the duty of properly ex- 
 pressing the feelings of the Chapter on the death of a member 
 of great merit and extensive usefulness, respectfully report: 
 
 " That with deep regret and unfeigned sorrow, we mourn 
 the loss of our dear friend and Most Excellent Companion 
 JAMES M. AUSTIN, who, exalted in Life, was exalted in 
 Death, and is perpetuated in memory as a bright and shining 
 example to all who aspire to excellence in the present, and hap- 
 piness in the future. Called to high honors in official stations, 
 for more than a quarter of a century he received annual repeti- 
 
200 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 tions of approval, ending only with life itself. He was a wise 
 counsellor and a steadfast friend. Possessing a heart of ten- 
 derness, and sympathetic by nature, he was blessed with a 
 happy family and social relations. Our sorrow is lessened by 
 a knowledge of his virtues, but doubly increased by remember- 
 ing the grief of the afiflicted widow and children. * May the 
 Lord lift up the light of His countenance upon them and give 
 them Peace.' 
 
 " Signed by Horace S. Taylor, 
 
 Zachariah Dederick, 
 
 James F. Ferguson, 
 
 E. Van Benschoten, 
 
 John A. Mapes, 
 
 Royal E. Deane, 
 
 Frank H. Hinds, 
 
 William Downes, 
 
 Past High Priests. 
 
 Charles Roome, High Priest. 
 
 Albert G. Goodall, King. 
 
 Warren A. Conover, Scribe." 
 
 M.-.E.-. Companion Austin was born at Salem, Washington 
 County, in the State of New York, in 1813, and was gradu- 
 ated from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., in his twenty- 
 sixth year. 
 
 He studied medicine in Albany, receiving a diploma in 
 1843. Foi" tfi^ years he practised his profession in Water- 
 ford and Lansingburgh, and in 1853 removed to the city of 
 New York, where his professional reputation commanded a 
 profitable practice. 
 
 M.-.E. -.Companion Austin was made a Mason in Phoenix 
 Lodge, Lansingburgh, in 1844, and served as its Master for 
 several terms. On taking up his residence in New York he 
 affiliated with Mariners' Lodge, No. 67. In 1857 he associated 
 himself with Howard Lodge, No. 35, which had just been re- 
 vived after being dormant for many years. 
 
 He was made a Royal Arch Mason in Phoenix Chapter, 
 No. 133, in 1849, and later affiliated with Phoenix Chapter, 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 201 
 
 No. 2. In 1856 he united with Orient Chapter, No. 138, in 
 which he was elected High Priest. He became a member 
 of Jerusalem Chapter in 1862, retaining membership therein 
 until his death. He was a member of Adelphic Council, No. 
 7, R. and S. M., and of Morton Commandery, No. 4, K. T. 
 He received the 33d and last degree in the Scottish Rite in 
 1866. He was elected Grand High Priest of the Grand Chap- 
 ter in 1859 while a member of Orient Chapter, and in 1868, 
 while a member of Jerusalem Chapter, was elected General 
 Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter R. A. M. of 
 the United States. Companion Austin was elected Grand Sec- 
 retary of the Grand Lodge in 1853, succeeding Dr. James W. 
 Powell in that office, also a member and P. H. P. of Jerusalem 
 Chapter. 
 
 He served as Grand Secretary until his death, in 1881. 
 
 Dr. Austin was an able man, zealous in his work for the 
 Craft and devoted to the Order, and it was through his inde- 
 fatigable labors that the Masonic Hall was completed. 
 
 Companion Downes is another of the Past High Priests of 
 Jerusalem Chapter who hails from the staid old Lodge which 
 is named after the mighty ocean that laves the shores of our 
 city. 
 
 Companion Downes was born in Brooklyn, but in early life 
 came to Manhattan, and in 1870 was initiated into the mys- 
 teries of Freemasonry in Atlantic Lodge. He has not yet 
 passed through the chairs of the Lodge, but is its Senior 
 Warden at the present time. 
 
 He joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1871, and was soon ap- 
 pointed to office. He has filled every office in the Chapter ex- 
 cepting that of Captain of the Host. He has also been active 
 in the Cryptic Rite and served as Thrice Illustrious Master of 
 Adelphic Council, No. 7. He has held the office of Grand 
 Steward in the Grand Council and has for several years been 
 the Grand Representative of Maryland. 
 
 Companion Downes is a regular attendant at the Chapter 
 meetings, and is much esteemed for his genial companionship 
 and unwavering interest in the afifairs of the Chapter. 
 
CHAPTER LVIII. 
 
 I 882-1 883 
 
 Charles Roome, High Priest 
 
 It is not for the compiler of this volume to assign a 
 reason for the election of Companion Roome to the office 
 of High Priest at this time. 
 
 He was then in his seventieth year and had served as 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge and Grand Com- 
 mander of Knights Templar of the State of New York, 
 and although he had reached the allotted age of a man's 
 life, he was vigorous and performed his duties with as 
 much activity as many a younger man would have done. 
 Whatever may have been the opinion of some of the Com- 
 panions at the time of his election, the present generation 
 looks upon the choice then made of this grand old man 
 and brilliant Mason with pride and satisfaction. 
 
 Companion Roome induced several young and enthusi- 
 astic brethren to join the Chapter who later made the im- 
 press of their characters felt in its work. 
 
 During his administration the Chapter was active in visit- 
 ing other Chapters and receiving visits from them, which 
 stimulated the work, and at the end of the first year a gain 
 of five was made in the membership. Ten candidates were 
 exalted the second year, but owing to a large loss of mem- 
 bers by death and otherwise a net loss of two was sustained. 
 A pleasing event occurred at one convocation, when M. .E.-. 
 John W. Simons, Past Grand High Priest, presented to 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 203 
 
 Companion Roome a Royal Arch apron worn by the father 
 of Companion Simons fifty years previously. 
 
 The rather strange proceeding of conferring all the de- 
 grees at one time on a candidate occurred at one of the 
 convocations. 
 
 A disastrous fire occurred in the Masonic Temple about 
 December i, 1883, which deprived the Chapter of its regu- 
 lar place of meeting for a while. Little, if any, loss of 
 property was sustained. 
 
 A resolution of sympathy for the Trustees of the Hall 
 was passed, and the Chapter continued to meet as best it 
 could, thereby sustaining the Masonic authorities of the 
 Grand Lodge. This is a copy of the resolution adopted 
 on that occasion : 
 
 " Resolved, That this Chapter, sympathizing with the Trus- 
 tees in the arduous labors they are called to undertake in view 
 of the recent fire in the Temple, and its consequences, will con- 
 tinue to meet in the building, in such apartments as the Trus- 
 tees may be able to provide until the Chapter-room is again 
 ready for occupancy." 
 
 Companion Roome was born in the city of New York 
 August 4, 1812, and was the son of Nicholas Roome, a prom- 
 inent merchant. His father was a devoted Mason in his day, 
 as is shown by his Masonic record. He was the Master of 
 Independent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2, in 1809-10-11, the 
 High Priest of Ancient Chapter, No. i, and was also a Sir 
 Knight of Columbian Commandery, No. i. Knights Templar. 
 
 The son, therefore, had a most worthy sire, and the record 
 he made, with the shining example before him, reflects honor- 
 ably upon him as well as upon the author of the precepts 
 taught him. He early entered into business for himself — after 
 serving in a clerical position for some time in a mercantile 
 house — and met with eminent success in his venture. In 1837 
 he retired from the business he had established and accepted 
 
204 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 the position of assistant engineer with the Manhattan Gas 
 Light Company of New York City. At the end of five years 
 he was promoted to chief engineer of the company. In 1855 
 he was its president. Shortly before his death he was retired 
 and made emeritus or consulting president with continued 
 compensation. In the line of his profession he stood in the 
 front rank, his decisions being accepted as law on both sides 
 of the Atlantic. 
 
 During the Civil War he served with great distinction. He 
 recruited the Thirty-seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and led 
 it in person. For bravery and gallantry displayed on the field 
 he was commissioned a Brevet Brigadier-General of Volun- 
 teers. The Masonic history of Companion Roome is exceed- 
 ingly interesting. He was made a Mason in Kane Lodge, No. 
 454, in January, 1866, at the age of fifty-four years, and the fol- 
 lowing December was elected Senior Warden. He was elected 
 Master at the annual communication in December, 1867, and 
 was thus the second Master of this famous Lodge. His popu- 
 larity among the brethren during the three years of his service 
 in this position was unbounded. His retirement was marked 
 by gifts of the most expressive testimonials of their apprecia- 
 tion of his services, such as a massive and costly jewel, a 
 chronometer, and a set of handsomely engrossed resolutions. 
 
 In 1869 he was appointed District Deputy Grand Master of 
 the 25th Masonic District, and during several of the succeeding 
 years was the Grand Marshal of the Grand Lodge. He was 
 Grand Marshal when the new Masonic Temple was dedicated, 
 in 1875, and how impressive must have been the declaration as 
 delivered by his eloquent lips, when with commanding presence 
 he uttered these words : 
 
 " In the presence of the Supreme Architect of the Universe, 
 whose unnumbered blessings we humbly acknowledge, and by 
 order of the Most Worshipful Elwood E. Thome, Grand Mas- 
 ter of Masons, and under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of 
 the Most Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Ac- 
 cepted Masons of the State of New York, and the brethren 
 owing it fealty and allegiance, I declare the new Masonic Hall 
 dedicated." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 20S 
 
 Companion Roome's prominence in the Grand Lodge soon 
 led the brethren to look upon him as a worthy selection for 
 Grand Master, and in 1878 he was elected Deputy Grand Mas- 
 ter. The following year he was elected Grand Master. In 
 this office he served one year, the yearly term being in vogue 
 at that time. 
 
 Companion Roome also paid great devotion to Chivalric 
 Masonry. In that he was an enthusiast. The same year he 
 was raised a Mason he was knighted in Coeur de Lion Com- 
 mandery. No. 23, and was elected its Generalissimo in 1867. 
 He was its Eminent Commander in 1869-70-71. In 1869 he 
 was elected Grand Sword Bearer of the Grand Commandery, 
 and was advanced each year until 1875, when he was elected 
 Grand Commander. The representatives in the Grand En- 
 campment seeing his great worth, elected him to a leading 
 position in that body, and in 1886 he was elected Grand Master 
 of Knights Templar in the United States. 
 
 Although Companion Roome was exalted in Jerusalem 
 Chapter in 1866, he did not, for some reason, engage actively 
 in the Capitular Rite, and it was not until 1882 that he took any 
 prominent part in its work, when, as has been already stated, 
 he was elected High Priest from the floor of the Chapter. 
 
 Companion Roome received the Scottish Rite Degrees in 
 1866, and in 1871 w^s elected Master of the Lodge of Perfec- 
 tion of New York City. On September 19, 1872, he was 
 crowned an Inspector-General, 33d Degree, by the Supreme 
 Council, Northern Jurisdiction United States. 
 
 The stalwart physique of Companion Roome commanded the 
 attention of men wherever he went. His largeness of heart 
 and frankness of speech drew men to him. He was generous 
 and charitable, and had an implicit faith in God. His earnest- 
 ness of life was a remarkable characteristic, and his death was 
 as peaceful as the lovely day in June, 1890, when his body was 
 tenderly consigned to its last resting-place in historic Green- 
 wood, by the Brotherhood who were so dear to his heart. 
 
CHAPTER LIX. 
 
 1884 
 
 Albert G. Goodall, High Priest 
 
 The administration of Companion Goodall did not pos- 
 sess the quality of success that might have been expected 
 from so notable a man and Mason. 
 
 There was a great paucity of work, and only two can- 
 didates were exalted during the year. At the October 
 convocation the High Priest stated that " the probable 
 reason for this paucity of candidates and scarcity of work 
 was caused by the high charge for our exaltation fee," 
 and recommended a reduction in the interest of the Chap- 
 ter. This was adopted at a subsequent convocation, and 
 the fee was reduced from $50 to $30. 
 
 In November a Companion by the name of Andreas vis- 
 ited the Chapter and stated that he was a member of Rising 
 Sun Chapter, long since extinct; that he had visited the 
 Chapter sixty years before, and was present at the exalta- 
 tion of Lafayette in 1824. 
 
 The net loss of membership this year was four, which 
 left the number one hundred and sixty-five. 
 
 At the regular convocation held June 6, 1884, the High 
 Priest announced the death of M. .E.. Companion Horace 
 S. Taylor, and the following communication from the Grand 
 High Priest of the State was read: 
 
 205 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 207 
 
 " Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons 
 
 OF THE State of New York. 
 
 Office of the Grand High Priest, 
 
 New York City, May 23, 1884. 
 
 " M. E. Companions : In the midst of life we are in death ; 
 of whom may we seek for succor but of thee, O Lord ? 
 
 " It is my duty to make known to you the death of Most 
 Excellent HORACE S. TAYLOR, Past Grand High Priest 
 of this Grand Chapter, which occurred at noon of the 21st 
 instant. 
 
 " The grievous message was telegraphed to me by M. E. 
 Companion William T. Woodruiif, shortly after the sad event, 
 and I have waited only long enough to ascertain what would 
 be the arrangements for the burial, before speeding the sor- 
 rowful tidings to his Companions in the Royal Craft, which he 
 so devotedly loved. 
 
 " For more than twenty years Companion Taylor has actively 
 participated in the Councils of this Grand Chapter, and long 
 ago earned and filled with dignity a prominent place in its 
 affairs. 
 
 " As the presiding officer of our governing body he evinced 
 a tact, a power of control, and a soundness of judgment rarely 
 met with in any deliberative assembly. 
 
 " He was a man of great dignity of character, and the usual 
 quietude and reserve of his demeanor were but evidences of 
 that self-possession and calmness of mind which made him wise 
 and discreet in every relation of life. He was gentle and 
 courtly, not merely in conduct, but in nature. These qualities, 
 with the steadiness of his attachment to Masonry, could not 
 fail to make him distinguished in the Fraternity, nor to secure 
 to him the continued respect and the honor of all his peers. 
 
 " In accordance with his expressed wish, ' an unostentatious 
 family service ' was held at his funeral ; thus the last sad 
 rites were in keeping with his way of life — loving and true, 
 but unobtrusive. 
 
 " Companions, in this dark hour let us pray that God will 
 give comfort and consolation to the widow so suddenly stricken 
 
208 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 by an awful affliction, and that those who mourn may be sus- 
 tained by the firm belief that ' a good man and true ' has gone 
 to meet his reward. 
 
 " Let this communication be read in your Chapter, and a 
 copy entered upon the minutes, and such further action be 
 taken as may fittingly note the respect and kindly remembrance 
 of the Craft, sorrowing because of our beloved Companion's 
 death. 
 
 " Given under my hand and the seal of the Grand Chapter 
 this 23d day of May, A. I. 2414, A. D. 1884. 
 
 " James E. Morrison, Grand High Priest. 
 
 " Attest, Christopher G. Fox, Grand Secretary." 
 
 At the first convocation in September of the same year 
 the committee which had been appointed to draft suitable 
 resolutions on the death of M.-.E.-. Companion Taylor made 
 the following report : 
 
 " With deep feelings of sorrow we record the fact that the 
 Grand High Priest of the Universe, in His infinite wisdom, 
 has suddenly summoned from our midst an honored and be- 
 loved member of this Chapter. 
 
 " Most Excellent Companion Horace S. Taylor was called 
 to the highest office within our gift at a critical period of our 
 existence — he discharged the duties of High Priest faithfully 
 for four years — for twelve years thereafter he was unanimously 
 chosen Treasurer, and, by his earnest action, wise counsel, and 
 high integrity, contributed largely to our subsequent success, 
 and was a bright example of the best principles of our order. 
 
 " With bleeding hearts the officers and members of Jerusalem 
 Chapter sympathize with the disconsolate widow and afflicted 
 friends in this their sad bereavement. ' Their grief is ours, 
 for ours the loss they feel.' 
 
 " Signed, William Downes, 
 
 w. a. conover, 
 John McGlensey, 
 
 Committee." 
 
-C2/- 
 
 -^,3€.^^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 209 
 
 Companion Goodall was born in Montgomery, Ala., October 
 31, 1826. At the age of fifteen he was appointed midshipman 
 in the navy of the Republic of Texas, where he served for three 
 years, during which time he was in active service, cruising in 
 the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea during the war be- 
 tween Texas and Mexico. This service ended, he is next found 
 located on the " ever faithful isle, the Queen of the Antilles," 
 where, after encountering the various vicissitudes of the ups 
 and downs of life, he learned the art of copper-plate engraving. 
 
 From Havana he removed to the city of Philadelphia, where 
 he resided until 1862, during which time he became efficient 
 as a steel-plate engraver. His business relations made it 
 necessary for him to remove to New York City, where he es- 
 tablished the American Bank Note Company. His company 
 received large orders from European governments, and he re- 
 ceived valuable testimonials from the Czar of Russia and other 
 crowned heads. 
 
 While residing in Philadelphia he was raised to the sublime 
 Degree of Master Mason in Montgomery Lodge, No. 19, on 
 September 19, 1854, and was elected its Master in i860. He 
 was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter, No. 3, of Philadelphia, in 
 1856. 
 
 After removing to New York he affiliated with Holland 
 Lodge, No. 8, and with Morton Commandery, No. 4, and was 
 its Commander in 1872-1873. He was active in the Grand 
 Commandery and filled nearly all of the subordinate offices in 
 that Grand Body, and was the Deputy Grand Commander 
 when he died. 
 
 He was early active in the Scottish Rite, and was elected 
 and crowned an Active Member of the Supreme Council of 
 the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States, May 
 17, 1867. 
 
 He also had an active interest in the Grand Lodge, and was 
 appointed in 1882 the first representative of the Grand Lodge 
 of England in New York. 
 
 Companion Goodall was devoted to the interests of Jerusa- 
 lem Chapter, and, busy man that he was, he willingly ac- 
 
210 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 cepted an election to the office of Scribe in 1875, and was for 
 the next four years in the Council as Scribe and King. To 
 the latter position he was again elected in 1882 and 1883, 
 serving under Companion Charles Roome. In 1884 he re- 
 ceived the suffrages of his Companions for the office of High 
 Priest, which he filled with grace and dignity. He died Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1887. 
 
 " Companion Goodall was for many years President of the 
 American Bank Note Company, and it has been well said, 
 ' his life was divided into two clear-cut sections — business in 
 the Bank Note Company and pleasure and intellectual profit 
 in Freemasonry.' It can be truly said of him, he was the 
 architect of his own fortune — the master of his own destiny — 
 a self-made man: one, though thrown on his own resources 
 at an early age, failed not to appreciate the situation, and 
 surmounted all its embarrassments, and step by step, from 
 youth to manhood, maintained his self-respect and commanded 
 the admiration and esteem of all who knew him — one who 
 through life always acted out and lived up to the golden 
 maxim: 
 
 To thine own self be true, 
 
 And it must follow, as the night the day. 
 
 Thou canst not then be false to any man." 
 
CHAPTER LX. 
 
 1885-1886 
 
 Warren A. Conover, High Priest 
 
 The first year of Companion Conover's administration 
 was hopeful with a prospect for renewed activity and 
 growth. Eleven candidates were exalted, and the roll was 
 increased to one hundred and sixty-nine, but the second 
 year was not so fortunate. Seven candidates only were 
 exalted. There were a large number of suspensions, and 
 the year closed with one hundred and fifty-six Compan- 
 ions. Companion J. H. Toone, the first contributor to the 
 Permanent Fund, died in 1885. 
 
 On July 26, 1886, the Chapter was bereft of one of 
 its most steadfast and faithful Companions — Charles W. 
 Sy, for twenty-seven years its rehable and competent Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 Companion Sy joined the Chapter just as it was emerg- 
 ing from its difficulties with the Grand Chapter, and the 
 qualities which he possessed were exactly the kind the 
 Chapter needed in its re-entree into the regular arena of 
 Capitular Masonry. 
 
 Faithful in attendance, business-like in his methods of 
 work, genial in manner toward the Companions, and pos- 
 sessing a willingness to sacrifice his time and talents for 
 the " good of the Chapter," won for him the firm devotion 
 of all who came within the portals of our tabernacle. 
 
212 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 On the death of Companion Sy a committee was ap- 
 pointed to draft resolutions, which were presented and 
 adopted as follows: 
 
 " Companion Sy was advanced to the Degree of Mark Mas- 
 ter in this Chapter on the 27th day of October, 1858, and on 
 the same evening he received the degree of Past Master. 
 
 " He was received and acknowledged Most Excellent Mas- 
 ter on the loth day of November, and was exalted to the degree 
 of Royal Arch Mason on the 24th day of November in the 
 same year. 
 
 " In the spring following, on the 9th day of March, 1859, 
 he was chosen Secretary, in which capacity he served this 
 Chapter until his death, which occurred at his residence in 
 this city on the 26th day of July last. 
 
 " As he officiated as Acting Secretary for a number of con- 
 vocations previous to his election in March, 1859, almost the 
 entire period of his membership was devoted to the perform- 
 ance of those duties which have made his name and person 
 so familiar to the Companions of this Chapter. 
 
 " The careful and systematic manner in which he dis- 
 charged the duties of his offite is well known to us all, and 
 no eulogy on the part of your committee could add to the 
 appreciation his valuable services have so justly earned. 
 
 " His kindly manner, his warm and affectionate disposition, 
 his regular attendance at our convocations, and his conscien- 
 tious discharge of the duties of his office, made him loved and 
 respected by all who met him here. His conversation was 
 that of a kind and genial gentleman, his sympathy to all who 
 called upon him for help or advice was unaffected and freely 
 given, and among all of our Companions there was none 
 whose membership was more valuable or whose loss will be 
 more sincerely deplored. 
 
 " Both as a member of our Chapter and as a personal friend 
 the memory of his life will be warmly and affectionately cher- 
 ished, and will, we believe, long remain as an incentive and 
 example to those who still remain. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 213 
 
 " Our companion left a widow surviving him. 
 
 " Your committee therefore present the following reso- 
 lutions : 
 
 " Whereas, It has pleased the Supreme High Priest to take 
 from among us our much loved and esteemed Secretary, 
 Charles W. Sy; and, 
 
 Whereas, His long and faithful services to this Chapter have 
 contributed largely to that measure of prosperity which it has 
 enjoyed; and, 
 
 Whereas, His amiable disposition and his kindly manners 
 have made his loss a personal one to each of our companions ; 
 
 " Resolved, That while we shall ever be sensible of the 
 vacancy his death has caused, we rest assured that his up- 
 right, religious, and warm-hearted life will meet with that 
 reward which his character has so fully earned ; 
 
 " Resolved, That we shall always cherish his memory in our 
 hearts as that of a true and steadfast Mason as well as that 
 of a loved and honored friend ; 
 
 " Resolved, That these resolutions be spread in full on our 
 minutes ; that a copy thereof and of the foregoing memorial 
 be forwarded to the family of the deceased, that a page in our 
 minute-book be set apart to his memory, and that the jewels 
 of the Chapter be draped in mourning for the period of six 
 months." 
 
 " Signed, John A. Mapes, 
 
 Eugene Van Benschoten, 
 Claudius M. Roome, 
 
 Committee." 
 
 Owing to the large amount of indebtedness, it was 
 found necessary in 1886 to readjust the finances, and 
 it was therefore voted to withdraw from the Permanent 
 Fund an amount sufficient to meet these obligations, al- 
 though there was a large amount already due that Fund 
 from the General Fund. The result of this was that at 
 the close of 1886 instead of having $2,400 in the Perma- 
 
214 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 nent Fund to properly credit the dues of forty-eight life 
 members then on the rolls, there were only $859.37 in that 
 Fund, which left a deficit of $1,540.63. 
 
 Companion Conover was made a Mason in Holland Lodge, 
 No. 8, at the age of twenty-two years. His father, John T. 
 Conover, was a builder, and the son was associated with him 
 at an early age. Companion Conover therefore began the 
 study of Speculative Masonry at about the same age he com- 
 menced the labor of Operative Masonry. In the latter branch 
 he has built some of the largest of the many immense edifices 
 which have been erected in New York City, notably the Postal 
 Telegraph Building, the Commercial Cable Building, and the 
 Dun Building. 
 
 In Speculative Masonry he has been equally active. After 
 serving in several minor positions in Holland Lodge he was 
 elected its Master in 1882. 
 
 As has already been stated he was the first brother to be 
 " marked " in the new Masonic Temple in 1874, and after 
 serving as Master of the 3d Vail in 1876 he filled various 
 offices until 1885, when he was elected High Priest. 
 
 Companion Conover is connected with many societies and 
 clubs, which, with his large and confining business interests, 
 precludes the possibility of frequent attendance at the con- 
 vocations of the Chapter, but his interest in its work and well- 
 being has not diminished. 
 
CHAPTER LXI. 
 
 1887 
 
 William F. Livermore, High Priest ' 
 
 Under the energetic administration of Companion Liv- 
 ermore an era of prosperity was begun which has obtained 
 in every department of the Chapter for the past thirteen 
 years. Thirteen candidates were exalted and six Com- 
 panions affiliated, among them Frederick Kanter, who has 
 since served as Grand Master of the Grand Council R. and 
 S. M. of the State of New York. The number of members 
 was increased from one hundred and fifty-six to one hun- 
 dred and sixty-six. One hundred dollars was added to 
 the Permanent Fund, the first for a number of years. 
 
 Fifty-two life members had been created up to this time, 
 of whom thirty-eight were living. The Standing Com- 
 mittee recommended in its annual report that the Council 
 Officers prepare a history of the Chapter from its founda- 
 tion, to be incorporated in the next edition of the By-laws. 
 
 Excellent Companion Goodall, a P. H. P. of the Chap- 
 ter, died this year, also Most Excellent Companion James 
 E. Morrison, Past Grand High Priest and a former mem- 
 ber of this Chapter. 
 
 A feature of the work at one of the convocations was 
 the conferring of the Royal Arch Degree, with the follow- 
 ing Companions officiating in the various positions, viz. : 
 
 M.-.E.-.William Sherer, Grand High Priest, as High 
 Priest; R.-.E.-. Ernest Ringer, as King; E.. Eugene Van 
 
 215 
 
2l6 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Benschoten, as Scribe; R.-.E.-.W. J. McDonald, Grand 
 Captain of the Host, as Captain of the Host; E. .W. P. 
 Worster, as Principal Sojourner; R.-.E.'.U. S. Baker, 
 Grand Royal Arch Captain, as Royal Arch Captain; 
 E.John A. Mapes, as Master of the Third Vail; E/. Frank 
 H. Hinds, as Master of the Second Vail; R.-.E.-.O. G. Ahl- 
 strom, as Master of the First Vail. 
 
 Companion Livermore became so interested in Capitular 
 Masonry that he learned the entire ritual of every part, and for 
 his proficiency received the important appointment of Assistant 
 Grand Lecturer. In him the Chapter has, therefore, a Com- 
 panion generally at hand who is able to set the officers right 
 in their rendition of the ritual, and one who is ever ready to 
 fill any office at a moment's notice. Companion Livermore 
 is thus of invaluable service to the Chapter. 
 
 He received the appointment of Grand Master of the First 
 Vail in the Grand Chapter in 1889. 
 
 Companion Livermore was made a Mason in St. Nicholas 
 Lodge, No. 321. 
 
 He was knighted in Constantine Commandery, No. 48, and 
 was elected Eminent Commander of the same. 
 
 He dimitted from this Commandery and united with Da- 
 mascus Commandery, No. 58. 
 
 He is engaged in the real estate business. 
 
CHAPTER LXII. 
 
 1888 
 
 RoLLiN M. Morgan, High Priest 
 
 The good work begun by Companion Livermore was 
 continued by Companion Morgan with enthusiastic effort. 
 Faithful and conscientious attention to his duties had 
 marked Companion Morgan's work in the minor offices, 
 and his election to the highest office in the gift of the 
 Chapter was signalized by renewed activity all along the 
 line. 
 
 Companion Morgan's pertinacity no doubt saved the 
 Chapter from dissolution, as the following instance proves : 
 Not long after his entrance into the Chapter, the difficulty 
 of keeping up the regular meetings was so great it was 
 almost decided by the members that they would meet but 
 once a year — just often enough to retain the Charter. 
 Companion Morgan strongly opposed this procedure, and 
 by his zeal and persistency succeeded in reviving the in- 
 terest of the members and bringing needed funds into the 
 treasury, which, with the introduction of new blood, en- 
 abled the Chapter to " lengthen its cords and strengthen 
 its stakes." 
 
 The convocations in 1888 were well attended. Eleven 
 candidates were exalted, but the lopping off of some dead 
 wood caused a net loss of four members. 
 
 It was suggested by the High Priest that a committee 
 be appointed to compile the history of the Chapter from 
 
 217 
 
2l8 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 its foundation. Excellent Companions Ferguson and Liv- 
 ermore and Companion Stivers were appointed. 
 
 Among the Companions exalted this year was William 
 Homan, who has since gained the distinction of being the 
 youngest brother ever elected to the position of an active 
 33d Degree Mason in the Scottish Rite; also Companion 
 Charles H. Haswell, who had then reached the age of 
 seventy-nine years. Companion Haswell has been a fa- 
 mous civil engineer for nearly sixty-five years. He was 
 engineer of the first steam war-vessel in the United States 
 Navy in 1836. He was Chief Engineer of the Navy — the 
 position now so ably filled by Brother and Rear Admiral 
 George W. Melville — from 1844 to 1850. It is to his en- 
 ergy and devotion that the development of our steam navy 
 is in no small measure due. He has given the profession 
 of which he is a shining member the benefit of his knowl- 
 edge and experience in a volume which is deemed of the 
 highest value and authority. 
 
 He has also published a volume containing reminiscences 
 of New York life and society from 1816 to 1835. 
 
 Companion Haswell was Master of Kane Lodge under 
 dispensation in 1858. 
 
 Companion Morgan was bom in the town of Mount Ver- 
 non, Ohio, in 185 1. He was graduated from the University 
 of Ohio; came to New York City in 1878, and entered the Law 
 Department of Columbia College, from which he was gradu- 
 ated in 1880. After a short European trip, he returned to 
 New York and entered the law office of William M. Hoes, 
 with whom he was in partnership for over seven years. He 
 is at present the senior member of the firm of Morgan & 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Companion Morgan was made a Mason in Acacia Lodge, 
 No. 327, in 1880, but soon after affiliated with Kane Lodge, 
 No. 454. He was appointed Junior Deacon of this Lodge in 
 1883, and served successively as Senior Deacon, Junior War- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 219 
 
 den, and Senior Warden, and in 1889 was elected Worshipful 
 Master. This office he filled with such distinction he was 
 unanimously re-elected in 1890. He has been a Trustee of 
 the Lodge continuously since his retirement from the chair. 
 He has been a constant attendant at the sessions of the Grand 
 Lodge and has taken an active part in its proceedings, and 
 was Grand Steward. He was appointed Grand Marshal by 
 Grand Master Ten Eyck in 1892. He has served as a Com- 
 missioner of Appeals and was a member of the Committee on 
 Revision of the Constitution of the Grand Lodge in 1896. 
 
 Companion Morgan joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1881 ; 
 was appointed Master of the First Vail in 1882; Master of 
 the Third Vail in 1883 and 1884, and Captain of the Host in 
 1885. He was elected Scribe in 1886, and King in 1887. 
 
 For some years he has been the Grand Representative of 
 the Grand Chapter of Scotland near the Grand Chapter of 
 New York. 
 
 Companion Morgan was knighted in Coeur de Lion Com- 
 mandery, No. 23, in 1882, and after serving in nearly all the 
 subordinate offices was elected Eminent Commander in 1891. 
 
 In his profession Companion Morgan is generally acknowl- 
 edged as possessing high legal ability. His perceptions are 
 keen and his judgment wise. As an orator he is both pleas- 
 ing and convincing. He has been active in municipal politics 
 for many years. He served four terms as Democratic Alder- 
 man of the old Twenty-first District, known as the " diamond- 
 back " district. His great popularity was attested here, for 
 the district was strongly Republican in politics. He is at the 
 present time Special Counsel for the Corporation of the City 
 of New York. Companion Morgan was the principal com- 
 piler of the recently enacted Building Code for Greater New 
 York. 
 
 He is an active club man, and is a member of the following 
 clubs and societies : Transportation, New York Athletic, 
 Democratic, and Craftsmen's; Ohio Society, St. David's So- 
 ciety, Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the Association of the 
 Bar. 
 
CHAPTER LXIII. 
 
 1889 
 
 Claudius Monell Roome, High Priest 
 
 The same degree of activity which had been displayed 
 during Companion Morgan's term of office was continued 
 this year. Seventeen candidates were exalted, one affili- 
 ated, and there was a net gain of ten, making the total 
 membership one hundred and seventy-two. Four mem- 
 bers contributed life dues, and the Permanent Fund stood, 
 $1,159.37 on hand, with $1,640.63 due from the General 
 Fund. 
 
 Excellent Companion Livermore was appointed Grand 
 Master of the First Vail of the Grand Chapter, and was 
 presented with a handsome Royal Arch apron. 
 
 Companion Roome is the son of General Charles Roome, 
 and was born in the city of New York, April 25, i860. He 
 was graduated from Columbia College with the B.A. degree 
 in 1880, and from the Law School of Columbia College with 
 the degree of LL.B. in 1882. After a few years' practice at 
 the bar Companion Roome was attracted to the study of 
 theology, and entered the General Theological Seminary of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church, Chelsea Square, in 1890. 
 He was graduated from that institution in 1893 and received 
 the degree of B.D. He was ordained deacon by Rt. Rev. 
 Henry C. Potter, D.D., Bishop of New York, on Trinity 
 Sunday, 1893. Shortly afterward he received a call as assist- 
 ant minister of St. Luke's Church, Montclair, and remained 
 there until November, 1897, when he accepted a call to Christ 
 Church, at Seventy-first Street and Broadway, as assistant to 
 
■^£auA^diou^7nffvv££l /€&iryYi,^^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 221 
 
 the Rev. Dr. Shipman, where he is still engaged. Companion 
 Roome was ordered a Priest of the Church by Bishop Starkey 
 on the first Sunday in Lent, 1894, at Montclair, N. J. 
 
 Companion Roome was made a Mason in Kane Lodge in 
 1881. He was appointed Marshal in 1884 and 1885 ; Senior 
 Deacon in 1886 ; was elected Junior Warden in 1887 ; Senior 
 Warden in 1889 and 1890, and Master in 1891. He has been 
 a Chaplain of the Lodge since 1893. He joined Jerusalem 
 Chapter in 1882, and was appointed Master of the Second Vail 
 in 1883 and 1884 ; Principal Sojourner in 1885 and 1886 ; was 
 elected Scribe in 1887 ; King in 1888, and High Priest in 1889. 
 He was knighted in Coeur de Lion Commandery in 1883. Af- 
 ter serving in various positions he was elected Eminent Com- 
 mander of that body in 1890. 
 
CHAPTER LXIV. 
 1890 
 
 George Whitfield Brown, Jr., High Priest 
 
 Through the untiring eiiforts of Companion Brown 
 and his co-workers the foundations of the Chapter were 
 laid anew in the cement of brotherly love and affection, 
 which made them strong to support the superstructure 
 which has since been erected. The companionships which 
 were then formed may have contributed as much to the 
 successes which have since been achieved by the Chapter 
 as any other action that can be named. 
 
 Sixteen candidates were exalted in 1890, but the vine 
 still required some pruning, which, with a few deaths, left 
 a membership of one hundred and seventy. 
 
 The finances were placed upon a better basis than they 
 had been for some years. The Permanent Fund consisted 
 principally of United States Government Bonds which were 
 then nearing maturity. These were sold at a premium, 
 and the Fund stood, $1,380.50 cash on hand, with $1,619.50 
 due from the General Fund. 
 
 The convocations were well attended and the officers 
 were particularly faithful and interested, as they usually 
 are with a popular leader. 
 
 Companion Brown was born in New York City, March 12, 
 1856. He matriculated at Princeton College in 1873, and 
 four years later was graduated from that ancient seat of learn- 
 ing with the B.A. degree, and three years afterward received 
 the M.A. degree. While there he joined the American Whig 
 
^^^77^<r^t-t^^^;^^Z_^^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 223 
 
 Society, and laid the groundwork of his oratorical career in 
 the literary society of which one of the founders was that 
 Madison of the Class of 1771 who formulated the fundamental 
 political principles of the American Constitution. In 1878 he 
 entered the Law School of Columbia College, and was grad- 
 uated in 1880 with the LL.B. degree. These three years were 
 spent not alone in study, but in school-teaching and writing 
 for the press. Such had been his training when he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar before the General Term of the Supreme 
 Court of New York in the city of New York on May 28, 1880, 
 and afterward, with added experience from practice, to the 
 Supreme Court of the United States on motion of Hon. 
 Joseph H. Choate at Washington, D. C, on January 13, 1891. 
 Following scholarly examples, municipal politics early at- 
 tracted his attention, and his ability in turn attracted the 
 attention of the local powers, so that in 1883 he received his 
 first political appointment from Mayor Edson. Since then, 
 until now, he has served continuously in the executive office 
 under Mayors Grace, Hewitt, Grant, Gilroy, Strong, and Van 
 Wyck — seven Mayors thus far, perhaps with more to come — 
 a unique record in the history of the Mayoralty, and aside of 
 civil service. Besides doing his official duties he finds time 
 for private practice by realizing the maxim of Sir Edward 
 
 Coke : 
 
 Six hours in sleep, in law's grave study six; 
 Four spend in prayer, the rest on Nature fix. 
 
 Companion Brown is a member of the Association of the 
 Bar, the University, Princeton, and Democratic Clubs. In 
 his equipment he verifies the utterance of Sir Walter Scott 
 in " Guy Mannering " that " a lawyer without history or lit- 
 erature is a mechanic, a mere working mason ; if he possesses 
 some knowledge of these, he may venture to call himself an 
 architect." As is his diction, so his ritualistic work has been 
 embellished by rhetorical graces, while his esoteric lectures 
 have charmed as well as instructed his hearers. 
 
 Companion Brown was made a Mason in Kane Lodge in 
 1885. He received his first official appointment in the Lodge 
 
224 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 in 1891, when he was selected by Worshipful Master Claudius 
 M. Roome to fill the office of Senior Deacon. He was elected 
 Junior Warden in 1892 and 1893 ; Senior Warden, 1894 and 
 189s, and Master in 1896. He joined Jerusalem Chapter in 
 1885, and at once went to work, receiving the appointment of 
 Master of the Second Vail in 1886 and Principal Sojourner in 
 1887. The pleasing character of his work in this office is 
 still fresh in the memory of his Companions. He was elected 
 Scribe in 1888, King in 1889, and High Priest in 1890. 
 
 He was knighted in Cceur de Lion Commandery in 1886, 
 and was at once appointed Second Guard. He was Junior 
 Warden in 1887, Generalissimo in 1888, and was elected Com- 
 mander in 1889. 
 
 It was quite a coincidence that these three young brethren, 
 Brown, Roome, and Morgan, all close friends and all hailing 
 from Kane Lodge, should have respectively presided over 
 Coeur de Lion Commandery, Jerusalem Chapter, and Kane 
 Lodge for the year 1889 — a modern and moderate triumvirate 
 in York Rite Masonry. 
 
 Companion Brown was the Prelate of his Commandery in 
 1892 and 1893, '^nd in that office, as in other branches of Free- 
 masonry, his work was impressive and instructive. 
 
CHAPTER LXV. 
 
 1891 
 
 George E. W. Stivers, High Priest 
 
 The result of this year's work in the Chapter shows 
 how much one man can accomplish if he perseveres in the 
 task he maps out for himself. Companion Stivers ex- 
 celled all previous records in making additions to the 
 membership. Never before nor since has so large a num- 
 ber been exalted in any one year. Fifty candidates for 
 the Royal Arch Degree took part in the symbolism of 
 the erection of the Second Temple and six Companions 
 affiliated. At the beginning of the year there were one 
 hundred and seventy names on the roll; at its close the 
 net gain was forty-six, which made two hundred and 
 sixteen members — only one less than the previous high- 
 water mark attained by Companion Ferguson some twenty 
 years before. It is unnecessary to add that this large influx 
 of members strengthened the Chapter financially and in its 
 influence. More than $2,200 was received, and after pay- 
 ing all expenses there was a balance in the General Fund 
 of $999.09. The Chapter voted to transfer $500 of this 
 -amount to the Permanent Fund, making the Fund $2,000. 
 The evening of October i6th was a " red letter " night. 
 The sublime degree of Royal Arch Mason was conferred 
 on eleven candidates, the largest number ever before to 
 receive it in one evening. The Tabernacle was crowded 
 with our own and visiting Companions. Among the visit- 
 ors was Most Excellent William J. McDonald, Grand High 
 
 225 
 
226 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Priest, accompanied by his associate Grand Officers. A 
 most pleasing, unique, and memorable feature of this con- 
 vocation, and one that will ever be a source of pride to 
 Companion Stivers, was the presence of every living Past 
 High Priest of the Chapter. They were: Companions 
 Zechariah Dederick, James F. Ferguson, Eugene Van 
 Benschoten, John A. Mapes, Royal E. Deane, Frank H. 
 Hinds, William Downes, Warren A. Conover, William F. 
 Livermore, Rollin M. Morgan, Claudius M. Roome, and 
 George Whitfield Brown, Jr. 
 
 Among the members whom Companion Stivers added 
 to the rolls were three Companions who have since become 
 High Priests of the Chapter, also the present efficient Sec- 
 retary, Samuel C. Wilson. Companion J. Howard Wain- 
 wright, whose father was a member some thirty years be- 
 fore, and whose grandfather. Bishop J. M. Wainwright, was 
 a Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge ; Companion Frank 
 Keck, who has recently gained distinction as Major of the 
 Seventy-first Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., in the Cuban cam- 
 paign of the Spanish-American War, and is now in the 
 United States Army as Captain of Volunteers stationed in 
 the Philippine Islands; also Companion Joseph J. Little, 
 ex-member of Congress and at present President of the 
 Board of Education, a well-known and public-spirited 
 citizen. 
 
 Companion Stivers was born in Portchester, N. Y., July 
 26, 1845, ^^'^ has resided in New York City from the time he 
 was five years of age. Since 1862 he has been associated with 
 his father, Rufus M. Stivers, in the manufacture of carriages. 
 Companion Stivers was made a Mason in Kane Lodge in 
 1867. He was exalted in DeWitt Clinton Chapter in 1868, 
 and affiliated with Jerusalem Chapter in 1879. For the first 
 ten years of his Masonic life he was deeply engrossed in mili- 
 tary matters, having been connected with the Twelfth Regiment 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 227 
 
 during this period, and was honorably discharged in 1877, 
 after having had the offer of the Captaincy of his own com- 
 pany and of a similar rank in the Twenty-second Regiment. 
 During the next few years Companion Stivers was frequently 
 in attendance at Lodge and Chapter meetings, but another 
 ten years elapsed before he began to take an active interest 
 in the work. It was in 1887, nearly twenty years after his 
 entrance into the Capitular Rite, that he accepted the ap- 
 pointment of Master of the Second Vail. He was appointed 
 Captain of the Host in 1889 and in 1890, and the following 
 year was unanimously elected High Priest. His energy, ear- 
 nestness, and activity attracted the attention of the repre- 
 sentatives of the Grand Chapter, and in 1892 he was appointed 
 Grand Representative of the Grand Chapter of R. A. M. of 
 Connecticut. In 1894 he was appointed Grand Captain of 
 the Host of the Grand Chapter. In 1895 he was elected 
 Deputy Grand High Priest, and the following year attained 
 the exalted office of Grand High Priest. He is the fourth 
 Companion of the Chapter to receive this distinction. While 
 still a member of the Chapter, Companion Stivers went be- 
 yond " Red " Masonry into the Cryptic and Templar Rites. 
 He became a member of Adelphic Council, No. 7, Royal and 
 Select Masters, in 1887; was Marshal in 1888, Principal 
 Conductor of the work in 1889, Deputy Master in 1890, and 
 Master in 1891. On his retirement from this office the Coun- 
 cil showed substantial gains, both financially and numerically. 
 In 1894 he received the appointment of Grand Representative 
 of the Grand Council Royal and Select Masters of Tennessee. 
 He was knighted in CcEur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, 
 Knights Templar, in 1887, and at once took an active in- 
 terest, serving as Sword Bearer, Standard Bearer, Junior 
 Warden, Captain-General, and Generalissimo, and was elected 
 Commander in 1893. His work there was characterized by 
 the same zeal and indomitable energy he displayed in the 
 Chapter, and here again excelled all records made before or 
 since in the number of Praters knighted and added to the 
 rolls of the Commandery. In 1895 he was elected Treasurer, 
 
228 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 and has been re-elected each year since. He was honored 
 with the appointment of Grand Representative of the Grand 
 Commandery of Knights Templar of Connecticut in 1895. 
 
 " Few men have had a more active or more honorable 
 career in the Fraternity or better deserved high station or 
 carried their honors more modestly than our esteemed Com- 
 panion. As High Priest of Jerusalem Chapter, Master of 
 Adelphic Council, and Commander of Coeur de Lion Com- 
 mandery he achieved a reputation for ability and superiority in 
 the work that of itself will be to him an enduring monument." 
 
 The same energy, zeal, and fidelity characterized his ad- 
 mirable administration of the affairs of the Grand Chapter. 
 The year he was Grand High Priest he made a marvellous 
 record of visits to Chapters throughout the State — the num- 
 ber being fifty-six. This number does not seem so great, but 
 to accomplish this he travelled through the State (outside of 
 New York City and Brooklyn) more than 4,500 miles. There 
 was a coincidence in the number of Chapters he visited, that 
 being the number of Companions he added to the rolls of 
 Jerusalem Chapter while its High Priest. 
 
 Companion Stivers is one of those Companions who do 
 not lose interest in the bodies in which they have received 
 honors. He is very regular in his attendance at Lodge, Chap- 
 ter, Council, and Commandery, and is a constant visitor at the 
 convocations of other Chapters. 
 
 He is an honorary member of Phoenix Chapter, No. 2 ; Met- 
 ropolitan, No. 140 ; Medina, No. 281 ; and Noah, No. 284. He 
 is a member of the Scottish Rite Bodies, Northern Jurisdiction, 
 the Masonic Veteran Association, and is a Past President of 
 the Fraternal Union of Anointed High Priests. 
 
CHAPTER LXVI. 
 1892 
 
 John Wolcott Sisson, High Priest 
 
 This was another highly prosperous year, and although 
 the number of candidates was less than the preceding 
 year, still the goodly number of thirty-three was exalted 
 and seven others were affiliated or restored. The net gain 
 was thirty-two, which made the total membership two 
 hundred and forty-two, the largest in the history of the 
 Chapter up to that time. Among the Companions added 
 to the rolls were Rastus S. Ransom, Surrogate of New 
 York City, and Edward S. Rapallo, whose father was a 
 member in i860. About $2,000 was received this year. 
 There was a balance of $771 at the close of the year, $300 
 of which was transferred to the Permanent Fund, increas- 
 ing that fund to $2,800. 
 
 The good ritualistic work of Companion Sisson and his 
 corps of officers attracted many visitors. 
 
 A handsome testimonial, in the form of a High Priest's 
 Jewel, was presented to Companion Stivers at one of the 
 convocations. 
 
 Companion Sisson was born at Salem, Conn., September 
 25, 1855. He graduated from the State Normal School, and 
 spent the next two years in teaching. He soon after engaged 
 in business, and has for many years been connected with the 
 R. Wallace & Sons Manufacturing Company, manufacturers 
 of fine silver-ware. He is at present the New York manager 
 
 229 
 
230 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 for the company. Companion Sisson was made a Mason in 
 Compass Lodge, No. 9, Willington, Conn., in 1884. 
 
 In 1887 he affiliated with Kane Lodge, and was appointed 
 Senior Deacon of that Lodge in 1892 and 1893. He was 
 elected Junior Warden in 1894 and 1895 ; Senior Warden in 
 1896, and Master in 1897. 
 
 He joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1887. He was appointed 
 Royal Arch Captain in 1889; Principal Sojourner in 1890; 
 was elected King in 1891, and High Priest in 1892. Com- 
 panion Sisson was knighted in Cceur de Lion Commandery in 
 1888, and filled various offices until his election as Eminent 
 Commander in 1892. He was Prelate of the Commandery in 
 1894 and 1895. He is a Past Grand Representative of Con- 
 necticut near the Grand Chapter of New York and the Grand 
 Representative of Wisconsin in the Grand Commandery. Com- 
 panion Sisson has also been active in the Scottish Rite, and on 
 September 15, 1896, he received the 33d and last Degree, and 
 was crowned Sovereign Grand Inspector-General of the North- 
 ern Jurisdiction of the United States. 
 
wyc^^^/^i^^^y^ 
 
CHAPTER LXVII. 
 
 1893 
 William E. Hoxie, High Priest 
 
 Under Companion Hoxie the good work continued to 
 thrive, only in less degree. Nineteen candidates were ex- 
 alted and three affiliated. Among those added this year 
 were Companions George L. Montague, a brother who 
 has made a favorable reputation in the delivery of the his- 
 torical lecture of the Third Degree; Companion Mon- 
 tague is a veteran of the Civil War and was brevetted 
 Colonel for bravery in battle; Dr. Joseph H. Senner, Com- 
 missioner of Immigration ; and Thomas E. Stewart, one of 
 the most active and public-spirited of our citizens. Com- 
 panion Stewart was a member of the Board of Education 
 in 1854; member of the Assembly in 1865-66; member of 
 Congress in 1867-69, and Park Commissioner in 1875. 
 The losses this year were many, so that the net gain was 
 only eight. The total membership was two hundred and 
 fifty-six at the close of the year. One hundred dollars was 
 transferred to the Permanent Fund, increasing it to $2,450. 
 
 Excellent Companion Sisson was presented with a Past 
 High Priest's jewel at one of the convocations. 
 
 Companion Hoxie was born in New York City in 183 1, and 
 was the son of Joseph Hoxie, an honored Past High Priest of 
 Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
 Companion Hoxie entered Freemasonry late in life. Not 
 until 1889 was he initiated in Kane Lodge, but his interest 
 
 231 
 
232 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 was youthful, if his years were not, and he soon sought the 
 mysteries of the Royal Arch, and was exalted in Jerusalem 
 Chapter in 1890. The following year he was appointed Cap- 
 tain of the Host. In 1892 he was elected King, and in 1893 
 became High Priest of the Chapter. 
 
 Companion Hoxie was the fourth of those sons who became 
 High Priests of the Chapter over which their fathers had pre- 
 viously presided. 
 
 As a member of the Seventh Regiment he responded to the 
 call of his country and went to the front at the outbreak of 
 the Civil War in 1861. 
 
 Companion Hoxie has been engaged in the insurance busi- 
 ness for many years, and has many warm friends in that line 
 of business. 
 
CHAPTER LXVIII. 
 
 1894 
 
 William D. Critcherson, M.D., High Priest 
 
 This was the banner year up to this time in financial re- 
 sults, and, owing to the enormous receipts — over $2,800 — 
 and the light expenditures, the General Fund showed the 
 largest balance in the history of the Chapter at the annual 
 convocation. It was no less than $1,559.96. 
 
 The Chapter voted to liquidate the long-standing in- 
 debtedness to the Permanent Fund, which at the time 
 was $700, and to appropriate $250 additional for this pur- 
 pose, consequently the Permanent Fund reached the gen- 
 erous amount of $3,500. 
 
 The record of additions to the membership which Com- 
 panion Stivers made came near being equalled. Forty- 
 six candidates were exalted and six were affiliated or re- 
 stored, making the total only four less than the previous 
 highest record. The total membership at the close of 
 the year was two hundred and ninety-one. Companions 
 of note exalted this year were Andrew Patterson, a well- 
 known merchant and the present Grand Representative 
 of the Grand Lodge of Scotland near the Grand Lodge 
 of New York, also Frederick C. Wagner, one of those 
 Companions who is worthy of the highest honors that can 
 be conferred within our fraternity, but who, neverthe- 
 less, refuses to wear them. As in Freemasonry, so it has 
 been with him in other walks of life — always devising some- 
 thing which will give benefit or pleasure to others, and 
 
 233 
 
234 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Steadfastly refusing preferment for himself. For nearly 
 seventy years he has been a resident here, where he was 
 born. Companion Wagner was commissioned Provost 
 Marshal by President Lincoln in 1863, and for two years 
 was assigned to duty with the rank of Captain of Cavalry. 
 He is the intimate friend of many prominent political, busi- 
 ness, and Masonic notables. He has been a member of 
 Kane Lodge for forty years. 
 
 The convocations were largely attended, members and 
 visitors being attracted by the immense amount of work. 
 One of the features of the year was the presentation of 
 a Grand Chapter apron to R.-.E.. Companion Stivers, who 
 had been appointed Grand Captain of the Host. A testi- 
 monial in the form of a loving cup was presented to Com- 
 panion Hoxie on the occasion of the official visit of M. .E.'. 
 Companion Barnes, Grand High Priest, on April 20th. 
 On December 7th the Royal Arch Degree was conferred 
 upon fourteen candidates, the largest number ever before 
 exalted in one evening. 
 
 Companion Critcherson was born in Rhode Island Sep- 
 tember II, 1858. He received his education in the public 
 schools of Westerly. 
 
 He graduated in veterinary medicine in 1883, and received 
 the degree of M.D. from the University of the City of New 
 York in 1888. 
 
 He was made a Mason in St. James's Lodge, No. 23, of 
 Norwich, Conn., October 22, 1885. He affiliated with Excel- 
 sior Lodge, No. 195, of New York City, November 9, 1885, 
 and immediately took an active part in the work. He served 
 the Lodge as Steward, Master of Ceremonies, Senior Deacon, 
 Junior Warden, and Worshipful Master. He filled the latter 
 office with marked ability for two years, and declined a unani- 
 mous call to a third term. 
 
 He was appointed Chaplain in 1894-1895, and for three years 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 235 
 
 past has been a Trustee of the Lodge. Companion Critcher- 
 son was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter, May 2, 1890. At the 
 annual election that year he was appointed to the important 
 office of Principal Sojourner. He was elected Scribe for 1892, 
 King in 1893, and High Priest in 1894. 
 
 He was greeted in Adelphic Council, No. 7, R. and S. M., 
 and knighted in Cceur de Lion Commandery, but his Masonic 
 activities have been confined to Lodge and Chapter. On Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1894, he was accredited as Representative of the 
 Grand Lodge of Illinois near the Grand Lodge of New York. 
 
 Companion Critcherson's professional duties demand a great 
 deal of his time and attention, but he still finds time to keep 
 alive the interests of his Masonic ties. 
 
CHAPTER LXIX. 
 
 1895 
 Samuel T. Armstrong, M.D., High Priest 
 
 The year 1895 was not prolific of large financial results 
 or increase in membership, as ten candidates only were 
 exalted, but it was a memorable year in other respects. 
 
 In the first place the incorporation of the Chapter was 
 accomplished. Excellent Companion Brown very kindly 
 attended to this matter without fee or reward. The first 
 Trustees elected were Companions John A. Mapes, George 
 E. W. Stivers, and William D. Critcherson, M.D. 
 
 The second important work was the revision of the By- 
 laws. Companion C. Victor Twiss was appointed chair- 
 man of a committee consisting of himself, Frank H. 
 Hinds, William F. Livermore, George Whitfield Brown, 
 Jr., George J. Kilgen, George E. W.' Stivers, and Samuel 
 C. Wilson. After several months spent in careful revision 
 the report of the committee was presented on June 7th, 
 and the present By-laws were unanimously adopted. 
 
 Another feature of this year's work was the procuring 
 of a large photographic album and many photographs of 
 the Companions. 
 
 Early in the year Companion Critcherson was presented 
 with a handsome clock and mantel ornaments as a testi- 
 monial for his past services. 
 
 Companion Armstrong was obliged to leave the city in 
 July for the purpose of engaging in the work of his pro- 
 
 236 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 237 
 
 fession, which took him away from the jurisdiction of the 
 Grand Chapter. The business of the Chapter therefore de- 
 volved upon the King, Companion Twiss. 
 
 The regular work was proceeded with, and on October 
 i8th R. .E.-. Companion Stivers, the Deputy Grand High 
 Priest, with a large number of associate officers, was re- 
 ceived. The Royal Arch Degree was conferred upon three 
 Companions in the presence of one of the largest gather- 
 ings ever assembled in the Chapter-room. 
 
 A feature of this convocation was the presentation of a 
 Past High Priest's Jewel to R.-.E. .Companion Livermore 
 by Companion Stivers. Three life members were added 
 to the roll this year, making sixty-eight who had con- 
 tributed to the Permanent Fund. The Fund was increased 
 to $3,650. The total membership at the close of the year 
 was two hundred and eighty-nine. 
 
 Companion Armstrong was born in St. Louis, Mo., Novem- 
 ber 2, 1859, and is the oldest son of David Hartley Armstrong, 
 sometime United States Senator from Missouri. 
 
 His father was a member of George Washington Lodge of 
 St. Louis for forty-four years until his death, in 1893. The 
 son naturally followed the example set by his father, and at 
 an early age applied for admission to the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 He was graduated from the St. Louis University, receiving 
 the degree of Ph.B. and later that of Ph.D. He also was 
 graduated from the St. Louis Medical College, receiving the 
 degree of M.D. 
 
 On February 4, 1881, Companion Armstrong received an 
 appointment as Assistant Surgeon in the United States Marine 
 Hospital Service. He was promoted Past Assistant Surgeon, 
 March 28, 1884. He resigned his commission August 7, 1890. 
 While in the Government service he was on duty at New 
 Orleans, La. ; Key West, Fla. ; Memphis, Tenn. ; New York 
 City, and Cleveland, O. 
 
 Locating here permanently, he practised his profession in 
 
238 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 New York City until 1895, when he accepted employment with 
 a large insurance company as supervising medical examiner. 
 
 On the probable outbreak of hostilities between Spain and 
 the United States, in the spring of 1898, he volunteered his 
 services to the Government and was appointed Acting Assistant 
 Surgeon, April 19th. He was promoted Brigade Surgeon with 
 the rank of Major, June 4, 1898. 
 
 During the Spanish-American war he was on duty in the 
 Army General Hospital, Key West, Fla. ; with the Head- 
 quarters of the Fourth Army Corps in Tampa, Fla. ; with the 
 Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourth Army Corps, Hunts- 
 ville, Ala. ; and after the close of the war was stationed in 
 Cuba until late in 1899, when he returned to New York on 
 waiting orders to sail for the Philippines. 
 
 Companion Armstrong was made a Mason in Kane Lodge, 
 No. 454, in 1890. He was appointed Junior Deacon in 1893, 
 and Senior Deacon in 1894-1895. The change in his pro- 
 fessional duties indicated above compelled him to resign the 
 office of Senior Deacon, greatly to the regret of his brethren. 
 
 He was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter in 1891, and was ap- 
 pointed Principal Sojourner in 1892; was elected Scribe in 
 1893, King in 1894, and High Priest in 1895. He was 
 knighted in Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, in 1891, and 
 was appointed Warder in 1892, Senior Warden in 1893, and 
 was elected Captain-General in 1894. 
 
CHAPTER LXX. 
 
 1896 
 
 Charles Victor Twiss, High Priest 
 
 Although this year did not equal some of those pre- 
 ceding it in point of numbers added, it was nevertheless 
 a memorable one in the annals of the Chapter. 
 
 The most important function of the year was the re- 
 ception given to Grand High Priest Stivers. Immediately 
 after his election to that office in February a committee 
 was appointed to arrange for a Reception to be given at 
 the earliest possible date, and it was deemed advisable to 
 open the doors of the Chapter to the ladies, for the first 
 time in its history. The Commandery Room was there- 
 fore engaged for Friday evening, February 28th. The 
 arrangements were successfully carried out, as the follow- 
 ing extract from the " Masonic Press," published at the 
 time, indicates. 
 
 " To give eclat to the affair the reception was made public 
 that the ladies might be present. The wisdom of this movement 
 was shown by the immense gathering, which completely filled 
 every part of the large Commandery Room of the Temple. 
 The Associate Grand Officers were received by the High 
 Priest, Charles Victor Twiss, and then the guest of the evening 
 was escorted by a delegation consisting of ten of the Past 
 High Priests of the Chapter, and was received with a unique 
 and complimentary address by the High Priest, who escorted 
 him to the East and received him with the Public Grand Honors, 
 in which the ladies heartily joined. The distinguished guest 
 
 239 
 
240 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 made a most interesting address in reply, greeting the ladies, 
 and finishing with a eulogy on the Capitular degrees. Past High 
 Priest George Whitfield Brown, Jr.^ on behalf of the Chapter, 
 spoke in choice language appreciative of the pleasure that the 
 presence of the ladies always gives, and particularly of the 
 warm place that the companion of the Grand High Priest held 
 in their hearts, and to show that she was not forgotten by the 
 Craft when he was absent from her, attending to the duties of 
 his office, presented to Mrs. Stivers a handsome vase filled 
 with choice roses. The flowers would fade, but the vase would 
 ever be a reminder of this evening and its many pleasures. 
 The beautiful toilets of the ladies made a most charming and 
 brilliant scene. All in all, no Masonic affair this season has 
 outrivalled this." 
 
 After the addresses were delivered the following choice 
 musical and literary program was presented. The rendi- 
 tion of the various members was most artistic and enjoy- 
 able. 
 
 MUSICAL AND LITERARY PROGRAM 
 
 Artists 
 
 Miss Adele M. Arnold, Soprano. 
 Mrs. Emma Henry-Thomas, Soprano. 
 Miss Clara E. Stutsman, Contralto. 
 CoMP. George Albert Fleming, Baritone. 
 
 Mr. T. Avery Collett, Elocutionist. 
 
 AND 
 
 The New York Templar Quartette: 
 
 CoMP. Harry B. Mook, First Tenor. 
 CoMP. George S. Sturgis, Second Tenor. 
 CoMP. Will W. Thomas, First Bass. 
 CoMP. Herman Trost, Jr., Second Bass. 
 CoMP. Francis J. Barrett, at the Organ. 
 Mr. William J. Arnold^ at the Piano. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 241 
 
 PROGRAM 
 
 1. Spring Song Pinsuti 
 
 New York Madrigal Quartette: 
 Mrs. Thomas, Miss Stutsman, Comps. Sturgis and Thomas. 
 
 2. " My All" Bohm 
 
 Miss Arnold. 
 
 3. Dramatic Recital, " Out in the Life-Boat." 
 
 Mr. Collett. 
 
 4. " Because I Love You, Dear " Hawley 
 
 Comp. Mook. 
 
 5- " Woodland Roses " Moir 
 
 New York Templar Quartette. 
 
 6. " The Courier of Moscow " Rodney 
 
 Comp. Fleming. 
 
 7. " The Image of the Rose " G. Reichardt 
 
 Miss Arnold and Templar Quartette. 
 
 8. Dramatic Recital Selected 
 
 Mr. Collett. 
 
 9. " Come, Dorothy, Come " Swabian Volkslied 
 
 New York Madrigal Quartette. 
 
 10. " Adieu, Marie " Adams 
 
 Miss Stutsman. 
 
 11. " The Mariners " Randegger 
 
 Miss Arnold and Comps. Mook and Fleming. 
 
 12. " Evening " Abt 
 
 New York Templar Quartette. 
 
 At the close of this program a collation was served 
 in the banquet-room by Mazetti. Afterwards the guests 
 returned to the Commandery-room and danced until the 
 " wee sma' hours." 
 
 There were over five hundred persons present, among 
 them many of the Grand Officers and the representatives 
 of over forty Royal Arch Chapters. 
 
242 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 On the afternoon of March 20th a convocation was 
 held, at which time ten candidates received the Degree of 
 Mark Master, Past Master, and Most Excellent Master. 
 Among the candidates was the R. W. and Rt. Rev. Henry 
 C. Potter, D.D., Bishop of New York. 
 
 On April 17th these candidates were exalted to the 
 Sublime Degree of Royal Arch Mason in the presence of 
 a great number of the Craft. 
 
 Early in the year the High Priest called the attention 
 of the Companions to the desirability of choosing a com- 
 mittee to arrange for the observance of the centennial of 
 the Chapter three years hence. 
 
 In accordance with his suggestion such committee was 
 appointed, consisting of all the Past High Priests, the pre- 
 siding High Priest, and the Council officers for the years 
 1896, 1897, 1898, and 1899. 
 
 Previous to this year the work of the Most Excellent 
 Master's Degree had not been given with that attention 
 to detail that the beauty of the ritual demanded. It had 
 been the usual method to confer it in connection with the 
 Mark Master's and Past Master's Degrees, i.e., on the 
 same evening, with the result that it was generally given 
 in short form. 
 
 The High Priest adopted the custom of introducing 
 music in the rendition of this degree, and in other ways 
 did what he could to make the working of the degree 
 complete and impressive. 
 
 The custom then established has been followed by the 
 succeeding High Priests, and whenever the Most Excel- 
 lent Master's Degree is now to be conferred the Chapter 
 is certain of a good attendance. 
 
 At the annual convocation the auditing committee re- 
 ported that the sum of $2,039.35 had been received dur- 
 ing the year. 
 
6^^^^2^/^i^ ^A^'zU^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 243 
 
 Four life members were added to the list, and the Per- 
 manent Fund reached the sum of $3,850. 
 
 Twenty-eight candidates were exalted, and the total 
 membership was three hundred and eleven. Companion 
 Twiss thus had the honor of bringing the membership 
 past the third century mark. 
 
 Companion Twiss was born in Amherst, N. H., September 
 19, 1851. At the age of twenty years he secured employment 
 with the firm of Blake & Alden, furniture dealers, of Boston, 
 Mass. In 1884 he made an engagement with the house of 
 A. H. Davenport, decorator and furnisher, of the same city, 
 and in 1887 removed to New York City to take charge of the 
 New York branch-house for the same firm, which position he 
 still occupies. Soon after taking up a residence here he made 
 the acquaintance of Right Excellent Companion RoUin M. 
 Morgan, by whom he was proposed for membership in Kane 
 Lodge. He was raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason 
 in the autumn of 1891. 
 
 The following year he was appointed Senior Steward. One 
 year later he was appointed Senior Master of Ceremonies. In 
 1895 he was appointed Master of Fellow Crafts. He was 
 appointed Senior Deacon by Worshipful Brother Brown in 
 1896. In 1897 he was elected Junior Warden; in 1898 Senior 
 Warden; and in 1899 he served the Lodge as its Worshipful 
 Master. Owing to the death of Worshipful Brother Searight, 
 Master of the Lodge for 1898, Companion Twiss was Acting 
 Master of the Lodge for the last three months of that year. 
 
 He was urged to accept a re-election at the annual com- 
 munication of 1899, but declined on account of business re- 
 sponsibilities. He was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter in No- 
 vember, 1891. At the annual convocation in 1892 he was 
 appointed Principal Sojourner by Excellent Companion Hoxie. 
 He was elected Scribe in 1894, King in 1895, and High 
 Priest in 1896. He has been a Trustee of the Chapter for the 
 past three years. He was appointed Chairman of the Cen- 
 tennial Celebration Committee and Historian of the Chapter. 
 
244 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 He was knighted in Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, 
 K. T., in April, 1892. At the annual conclave in May of that 
 year he was appointed Sword Bearer by Eminent Sir Knight 
 Sisson. In 1893 he was appointed Junior Warden; in 1894, 
 Senior Warden. He was elected Generalissimo in 1895 and 
 Eminent Commander in 1896. 
 
 While Commander of Coeur de Lion Commandery, Com- 
 panion Twiss had the pleasure of introducing Rt. Rev. and 
 Companion Henry C. Potter, D.D., into the mysteries of Knight 
 Templarism. It was also his pleasure to lead a large detach- 
 ment of his Commandery on a pilgrimage to the city of Utica 
 in September, 1896, when Excellent Companion John A. Mapes 
 was elected Grand Commander of the State. 
 
 Outside of his regular business and Masonry, Companion 
 Twiss has been an active church worker for twenty-five years, 
 and for a number of years has been the Treasurer of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church of the Beloved Disciple, Eighty- 
 ninth Street and Madison Avenue. He is a member of the 
 Church Club and of the New England Society. 
 
CHAPTER LXXI. 
 
 1897 
 
 John R. Gardner, High Priest 
 
 This was another notable year in the work of the Chap- 
 ter. Forty-one candidates were exalted and five were 
 affihated or restored, which brought the total membership 
 up to three hundred and thirty-four. Four were added 
 to the life membership list, and the Permanent Fund was 
 raised to $4,103.97, $303.97 more than was necessary to 
 make the sum equal to $50 paid in by each Hfe member. 
 
 The receipts this year were over $2,400. At the con- 
 vocation held January 15th the High Priest announced 
 that he had appointed Excellent Companion Twiss a com- 
 mittee of one to assume charge of all matters appertain- 
 ing to the Centennial of Jerusalem Chapter and to collect 
 from time to time all such data as may be of interest in 
 completing the history of the same. This action of the 
 High Priest was approved by the Chapter. 
 
 A very handsome and unique testimonial in the form 
 of a jewel was presented to Companion Twiss at one of 
 the convocations, and a magnificent basket of flowers was 
 also presented to him as a slight token for the companion 
 of his home. 
 
 On June 4th an immense number of the Companions 
 and visitors assembled to greet Most Excellent Companion 
 Stivers on the occasion of the presentation to him of a 
 Past Grand High Priest's Jewel. M.-.E.. Frederick E. 
 Barnes, in a touching but witty and humorous manner, 
 performed the duty intrusted to him as chairman of the 
 
 24s 
 
246 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 committee by making the presentation speech. Excel- 
 lent Companion Brown, on behalf of the Companions of 
 the Chapter, presented to Companion Stivers, to be con- 
 veyed to Mrs. Stivers, a magnificent parlor cabinet. Ex- 
 cellent Companion Twiss also presented a bouquet of 
 flowers to be sent to Mrs. Stivers, and as it is well known 
 in the Royal Craft that the number three has always been 
 strongly connected with M.-.E.. Companion Stivers's life, 
 some Companions, whose modesty would not permit them 
 to let their generosity be known, sent a letter to the High 
 Priest asking him to present to M. .E.. Companion Stivers 
 a beautiful diamond ring as a token of their esteem for 
 Mrs. Stivers. 
 
 The entertainment closed with a choice musical pro- 
 gramme by the Templar Quartette and others. 
 
 Companion Gardner was born in Newark, N. J., October 21, 
 1859, and was educated with the view of entering Heidelberg 
 University, in Germany, and pursuing a professional career, 
 but he finally determined to engage in business pursuits. Re- 
 turning to America he became connected with a leading chem- 
 ical and drug establishment, and in that business still con- 
 tinues. 
 
 He was made a Mason in Excelsior Lodge, No. 195, in 1892, 
 and was soon appointed Senior Deacon. After serving one 
 year in that capacity he was elected Senior Warden, and the 
 following year was elected Master, to which office he was 
 elected three times. 
 
 He joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1892, and the next year 
 was appointed Royal Arch Captain. 
 
 He was appointed Captain of the Host in 1894. He was 
 elected Scribe in 1895, King in 1896, and was chosen High 
 Priest in 1897. 
 
 He received the appointment of Grand Representative of 
 Wisconsin, near the Grand Chapter of New York, during the 
 centennial year. 
 
^-^""^^^Wi-j/ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 247 
 
 He has (Jso served a term as Thrice Illustrious Master of 
 Adelphic Council, No. 7, R. and S. M., and is now Grand Con- 
 ductor of the Grand Council, and on the road to the highest 
 honors in that Grand Body. In 1897 he held the Charters 
 of his Lodge, his Chapter, and his Council, a remarkable 
 record, but Companion Gardner was equal to the task, and 
 all of the bodies prospered. He was knighted in Coeur de 
 Lion Commandery, and attained the position of Captain-Gen- 
 eral. He declined an election to the office of Generalissimo, 
 and is now a member of Palestine Commandery. 
 
 Companion Gardner is exceedingly quick to memorize, and 
 is therefore able to assume any position at short notice. 
 
 He is now one of the trustees of the Chapter. 
 
CHAPTER LXXII. 
 1898 , 
 H. Eugene Stafford, M.D., High Priest 
 
 The year preceding the centennial of Jerusalem Chapter 
 did not run along with the smoothness that characterized 
 some of the years during the decade then drawing to a 
 close. 
 
 The High Priest was taken ill early in the year and was 
 absent from several convocations, and in April he enhsted 
 in the Volunteer Army then organizing for the purpose 
 of taking the field against the Spanish forces. He con- 
 tinued with his regiment until late in the summer, and re- 
 turned only to be again taken seriously ill from the effects 
 of the Cuban campaign. He did not assume his regular 
 duties in the Chapter until late in the autumn. 
 
 Notwithstanding the prolonged absence of the High 
 Priest, twenty-three candidates were exalted; one life 
 member was added, and the Permanent Fund was raised to 
 $4,153.97. A handsome loving-cup was presented to Ex- 
 cellent Companion Gardner at the convocation held April 
 1st, the presentation being made by Excellent Companion 
 Critcherson. 
 
 A very pleasing ceremony took place at the convocation 
 held June 17th, when Excellent Companion Hinds was 
 presented with a handsome testimonial which the Com- 
 panions felt that they wished to give him as a reminder of 
 their regard for him and his long connection with the 
 Chapter. The presentation address was made by Com- 
 panion John R. Tresidder, the Acting High Priest. His 
 
 24S 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 249 
 
 remarks and the reply of Excellent Companion Hinds were 
 taken down in shorthand by Companion Morris, and as 
 they are both replete with beautiful sentiment they are 
 here reproduced: 
 
 Address of Companion Tresidder 
 Excellent Companion Hinds: 
 
 I welcome you to the position which you occupy before me 
 this evening, with a great deal of satisfaction. Since my as- 
 sociation with Capitular Masonry, I have been called upon, 
 at different times, to do little acts of favor and deeds of kind- 
 ness to Companions whom this Chapter has been pleased to 
 honor, but cannot recall any occasion that gave me the joy 
 that I feel now, in doing, at once, a deed of merit to you and 
 an act of grace for the Companions. 
 
 My acquaintance with you does not go back to the time 
 when you wielded the gavel and directed the work of the 
 Chapter; but I am assured that your official action always 
 commanded the respect of the members, and your exemplifi- 
 cation of the degrees invariably secured their approbation. 
 But it has been my privilege to witness those unofficial acts 
 which you have done from time to time in the presence of 
 many of the Companions who now surround you. You have 
 been punctual at our convocations, and whenever there was a 
 temporary vacancy, no matter in what station, you have been 
 always ready and willing to fill it, and have discharged the 
 duties thereof with a peculiar grace and archaic charm which 
 reflected credit upon yourself and afforded pleasure to your 
 Companions. 
 
 I regret to say, that when some of us have passed the chairs, 
 our interest in the success of the work of the Chapter seems 
 to cease, but this cannot be said of you. Age has not lessened 
 your activity in the work, or cooled your love for Old Jeru- 
 salem. By reason of this, it occurred to many of the members 
 of this Chapter that it would be only just, in some way, to 
 recognize your fealty and fidelity by presenting you with a 
 memento of their appreciation. 
 
250 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 We are conscious that your devotion has not been prompted 
 by vanity or induced by expectation of reward. On the con- 
 trary, you have been actuated by love and a profound sense 
 of duty. Like the celebrated Grand Masters of the Vails, you 
 have promoted the noble and glorious work without the hope 
 of fee or reward. 
 
 And now, on behalf of your Companions, permit me to pre- 
 sent you with this beautiful clock as a testimonial of their 
 respect, esteem, and commendation. 
 
 We do not give this to remind you that time is passing, for 
 we have now too many memorials of its fleetness. The foam 
 of the ocean, the lily of the valley, the rose of Sharon, the 
 fast-flying cloud, and the golden exhalations of the morn are 
 beautiful admonitions that we are rapidly gliding down the 
 river of life. No, we give it that it may bring to your mind 
 the happy hours you have spent among us, and as proof of 
 our affection. 
 
 Spencer says: 
 
 How noiseless falls the foot of Time 
 That only treads on flowers. 
 
 We trust that the foot of Time, during your remaining days, 
 will be soft and gentle to you, falling upon roses, whose color 
 and fragrance will delight your senses, and whose beauty and 
 symmetry remind you of the truth and beauty of Royal Arch 
 Masonry. 
 
 Beauty is truth, truth beauty — that is all 
 Ye know on earth and all ye need to know. 
 
 Past High Priest Frank H. Hinds, in accepting the tes- 
 timonial, replied as follows : 
 
 Excellent Sir: 
 
 If I do not deserve all that you have said complimentary of 
 and to me, I certainly thank you for the manner of expressing 
 yourself to me, and whatever I have not deserved in the past 
 I shall endeavor to in the future. It is indeed a pleasure to be 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 251 
 
 reminded that I hold the respect and good-will of the Compan- 
 ions of Jerusalem Chapter. You, Sir, very kindly alluded to my 
 regular attendance on the Convocations of the Chapter. Now, 
 Sir, I have not kept up my attendance for the purpose of making 
 a record, but, as has been stated, it has been from a pure love 
 of the Chapter and its work. For eight consecutive years I 
 took an active part in the work and business of this Chapter, 
 and at a time when the Chapter was in a far less prosperous 
 condition than it is now, and when to hold office here meant 
 work, and work to a degree that very few here present have 
 any idea of, and I sometimes think, Sir, that we of the olden 
 time, who stood in the breach when this Chapter was, if I 
 may so express it, in a transitory state, are entitled to some 
 credit for its prosperous condition now, for we certainly kept 
 the foundation of the temple in order and made it ready for 
 the beautiful superstructure which has since been erected upon 
 it. And, now. Sir and Companions, how can I thank you 
 sufficiently for this elegant and substantial testimonial? I 
 have received so many evidences of the kindness and good- 
 will of my Companions, that I was not taken altogether by 
 surprise, when it was intimated to me, by yourself, Sir, that 
 something of this kind was in contemplation, so that I can 
 only receive and accept it as another and more substantial 
 mark, perhaps, of the fraternal regard of my Companions. If 
 I should attempt to thank you and the Companions in words, 
 I know that I would fail lamentably. I can only say, Sir and 
 Companions, that this and all your previous courtesies and 
 kindnesses to me are registered where every day I turn the 
 leaf to read them. 
 
 A special honor was accorded the Chapter by the selec- 
 tion of one of its members to deliver the oration at the 
 centennial exercises of the Grand Chapter at Albany in 
 February — Companion Henry C. Potter, Bishop of New 
 York. The oration delivered by the distinguished Com- 
 panion on this occasion was printed verbatim in the Pro- 
 ceedings of the Grand Chapter and is worthy the perusal 
 
252 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 of every Royal Arch Mason. That the members of Jerusa- 
 lem Chapter may at least have the opportunity of doing 
 so it is herewith incorporated: 
 
 ORATION 
 
 Rt. Rev. and Companion Henry C. Potter, D.D., LL.D., 
 Bishop of New York 
 
 Men and Brethren : 
 
 The occasion which assembles us is historic. Fortunately 
 for you, the records of the hundred years of which this An- 
 niversary Service marks the close, will be submitted to you 
 by those who are qualified for such a task, as I am not ; and 
 it is permitted to me, therefore, during the few moments which 
 will elapse before they are presented to you, to ask your atten- 
 tion to words more general in their character, and yet not in- 
 appropriate, I venture to think, to this place and this occasion. 
 
 " Why are we here ? " I can readily imagine that it may be 
 asked, " and not elsewhere this afternoon in our commemora- 
 tion of this day? What fitness has this assemblage in this 
 Church, and what is the essential relation to this Order, and 
 to this Centennial, of these surroundings ? " Is not Masonry, 
 it may be asked, a secular and not a religious Order, and are 
 not its assemblages and its ceremonials appropriate rather in 
 a house or in a hall, than in a Church ? What is the past of 
 the Order of Knights Templar, and yet again of that larger 
 and wider Order of which it is a part? For what do they 
 stand, from what do they spring, and toward what do they 
 aim? 
 
 Such questions are not only natural, but proper, by whom- 
 soever they may be asked, and in whatsoever spirit they may 
 be urged. I am not unmindful that that spirit has often been 
 not merely curious but, quite as often, perhaps, sceptical, if 
 not contemptuous. Reserved and confidential though the laws 
 of Masonry may be, enough is known of its customs, its ter- 
 minology, its traditions, to give to the world a more or less 
 
jWmA jCirl^^/ ^ (r{C^ 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 253 
 
 distinct impression in regard to it; and it must be frankly 
 owned that not infrequently that impression is not of such a 
 character as to dispose those who are outside of it to take it 
 very seriously. Its purpose as an Order, aiming at mutual 
 beneficence, is probably sufficiently recognized; but that it 
 should affect such strict secrecy, that it should maintain such 
 elaborate ceremonial, that it should organize and maintain 
 itself in such various and archaic subdivisions, these are 
 characteristics concerning which, I presume, a great many 
 people would say that they do not see either their point or 
 value. 
 
 I do not wonder at this. The age in which we live is not 
 friendly to ceremonialism, nor to the conservation of what it 
 is wont to regard as the useless institutions of antiquity ; and 
 moreover, as to our claim to antiquity in any real sense of that 
 term, or to anything valuable as derived from or conserved out 
 of the past, there is a still larger number of people who are 
 no less doubtful. 
 
 Let me speak for a moment to these two points as opening 
 the way to what should follow. 
 
 There is that in Masonry, as I do not need to remind those 
 to whom I speak this afternoon, which connects it, as we be- 
 lieve, with the men and the times of the building of Solomon's 
 Temple. By more than one eminent and learned authority it 
 is true that this claim has been regarded as visionary and un- 
 warranted ; and the assertion has even been made that, as a 
 matter of fact, the Masonic Order is little more than a hun- 
 dred years old. The ground on which this is asserted is that, 
 whatever may have been the truth or the probability of the ex- 
 istence of such an Order in Solomon's time, its continuity or 
 perpetuation is something which cannot be shown. It is ad- 
 mitted that it may have existed at so early a date, and that 
 the chain of traditions on which this is maintained is as strong 
 in its several links as a great many other traditional chains 
 which furnish the main evidence for much that, in other con- 
 nections, men are wont to believe. But it is further urged 
 that the links that connect such earlier traditions with later 
 
254 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Orders, which may be said to be Masonic in their aims and 
 character, are largely if not wholly wanting. 
 
 For one I should be willing to concede such a position, 
 wholly and unreservedly. But in such a characteristic our 
 Ancient Order is, after all, singularly like another institution, 
 wider and more venerable even than Masonry — I mean that 
 which we call civilization. The history of civilization is the 
 history of a higher form of organized life or society, whose 
 dawnings were undoubtedly in the Far East. The influence 
 of this earlier civilization upon farther, and then upon nearer 
 Asiatic peoples, and then upon Greece, and Rome, and south- 
 ern and northern Europe, and then upon our own land, is 
 not something the links of which you can always trace and 
 handle like those of the chain which heaves an anchor and is 
 wound round the windlass of a ship ; but that there is a law 
 of continuity running through them all from the dawn of 
 letters in Phoenicia, to the telegraphing, as can now be done, 
 of the lines of a human portrait in New York, is something 
 concerning which I apprehend no scholar is in any serious 
 doubt or perplexity. 
 
 And so of the antiquity of Masonry. There are those, in- 
 deed, who, like the Reverend George Oliver, hold that " Moses 
 was a Grand Master, Joshua his Deputy, and Aholiab and 
 Bezaleel Grand Wardens ; " * but though the direct evidence 
 for this may be very slender, that of an inferential kind as to 
 the tradition that, out of the association formed by the archi- 
 tects of Tyre, known as the Dionysiac Fraternity — an asso- 
 ciation of builders exclusively engaged in the construction of 
 temples and theatres in Asia Minor — a migratory society or 
 brotherhood grew up, which, at the time of the Ionic migra- 
 tion in 1044 B.C., was established in Tyre, is not inconsider- 
 able. We have Biblical warrant for the belief that when 
 King Solomon was about to build the temple he sent to Hiram, 
 King of Tyre, for skilled workmen, and if so, what more 
 probable than that Hiram sent to his brother sovereign a band 
 of Dionysian workmen, who, in a strange land, lived, for mu- 
 
 * Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. IX., page 747. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 255 
 
 tual protection, both of themselves and the secrets of their 
 craft, in community, and who left behind them, at least, the 
 germs of those earliest trades-unions, of which, in the Middle 
 Ages, we find so large and various a development ? True, the 
 line of direct succession disappears in times of wars and con- 
 quests and great social upheavals ; but whether you choose to 
 call it, as a learned writer has called it, an illustration of the 
 general doctrine of psychical identity, or something much 
 nearer to what we call historical continuity, is not really ma- 
 terial. The thing that is material is that the original concept 
 survives, and appears and reappears, in varying forms and 
 under varying conditions, all down the track of the centuries 
 until this very hour. 
 
 In this connection, the resemblances of the various medi- 
 eval building corporations to the earlier practice and the later 
 theory of Masonry are startling. Those mediaeval associa- 
 tions or fraternities had, as Krause has shown in his " Die drei 
 altesten Kunsfurkunden der Freimaurerhruder shaft," * " an ex- 
 chequer, an archive, patrons, religious ceremonies, an oath, a 
 benefit and burial fund, and a register." They had officers 
 such as masters, deacons, censors, and, as we do, instructed 
 their apprentices in secret. The West invited them from 
 Byzantium to come to Europe, and the movement was much 
 increased by the iconoclasm of Pope Leo. It does not mat- 
 ter that the European building societies were distinct growths, 
 springing up about the great monastic buildings and around 
 churches and cathedrals which ecclesiastics were mainly in- 
 strumental in building. The germinal idea was the same — 
 the community of laborers, the secrets of their craft, the oaths 
 of their fraternity, the government of their lodges, the elab- 
 orations of their ceremonial. Here is a tree in your garden 
 which sprang up you know not how. The wind bore a seed 
 across the seas, it may be, and dropped it there. Shall the 
 oak disown its mother in another land? Nay, the resem- 
 blances are too strong and the essential identity too close and 
 
 * See also Rebold, Histoire Generale de la Franc-mafonnerie, of which there 
 is a translation by Brennan, Cincinnati, 1868. 
 
256 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 too convincing. " As architecture developed, and as with in- 
 creasing wealth the Church undertook larger and nobler 
 works, these societies of craftsmen also assumed a more defi- 
 nite and durable form. The taste and science of Gothic archi- 
 tecture," as Dr. W. C. Smith has shown,* " were, to a large 
 extent, the possession of the Bauhiitten, or wooden booths 
 where the stone-cutters, during the progress of their work, 
 kept their tools, wrought, held their meetings, and probably 
 also took their meals and slept." These, brethren, were our 
 Masonic ancestors, and I confess I have a somewhat malicious 
 satisfaction in believing as I have looked, as many of you have 
 doubtless done, upon the old gargoyles, water-spouts, finials, 
 and similar stone carvings of grotesque heads of monks and 
 priests in old European buildings, which caricatures, you 
 know, are said to have been one mode of revenge by which 
 inferior monks got even, as we should say, with their tyran- 
 nical or otherwise obnoxious superiors, that, sometimes, at 
 any rate, they were the work of an entered apprentice or fel- 
 low-craftsman, or master mason of humble degree, who thus 
 worked out his grudge, not in profanity or in a useless strike, 
 but in something which has enriched grotesque art so long as 
 it shall endure. 
 
 As thus we advance down the track of history, a very in- 
 teresting aspect of Freemasonry is that in which we read its 
 relations with ecclesiastical systems and ecclesiastical persons. 
 There arose, as you will see, almost inevitably, from the great 
 structural works in which the Masonic Orders were, during 
 the Middle Ages, so largely engaged, a more or less intimate 
 association between them and the Church. " The abbots 
 were, in many cases, the architects who employed the Masons 
 on ecclesiastical buildings and repairs." The initiation into 
 some of the Orders " is said to be copied from a Benedictine 
 consecration." f Brentano, in his History of Guilds, J says 
 that the arrangements differed when a Church and when a 
 
 * Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. IX., page 748. 
 
 t See Early History and Antiquities of Masonry, Philadelphia, 1877. 
 
 t History and Development of Guilds, London, 1870. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 257 
 
 house was built. In the former case the Master of the Lodge 
 was in control — in the latter the owner. In other words, the 
 Church and the Lodges worked in harmony; and the mem- 
 bers of the one were, doubtless, members of the other. But 
 the time came when Popes and Bishops found that they could 
 not control and regulate the Lodges as they pleased, and then 
 as, in the case of the Council of Trent and, later, of Popes 
 Clement XII. and Benedict XIV., who, in amusing oblivion 
 for the moment of the Jesuits, says, " Honesta semper publico 
 gaudent " — of Pius VII., Leo XII., and Pius IX., not to men- 
 tion the denunciations of a living incumbent of their office, 
 the note became one of crimination and condemnation. We 
 have been told that, in our Lodges, we assembled for " devils' 
 worship," and that our aims were Godless and diabolical. 
 
 The rightly instructed Mason knows sufficiently how ignor- 
 ant and untruthful is this reckless and foolish denunciation. 
 We are here to-day — to return to the question with which I 
 began — because all our Order and Ritual affirm and reaffirm 
 those august truths for which this Holy House and the wor- 
 ship and teaching that obtain here, forever stand. We are 
 here, because, step by step, as we ascend from the level of a 
 Master to that higher plane on which Royal Arch Masonry 
 has always stood, each successive Rite, Vow, and Degree de- 
 clares its loyalty to the Divine Head and Master of all the 
 race, and the truths for which He gave his life. These are 
 the impregnable facts, on which immovably we are planted, 
 and to which it is our joy that we are pledged. 
 
 And yet it is the glory of Masonry that while in these as- 
 pects of it it is an exclusive Body, there are others in which, 
 of all other societies, it is the most inclusive. An entered ap- 
 prentice, fellow-craft, or master mason, may be such holding 
 simply and only to a faith in God our Father, and our obliga- 
 tion of homage and obedience to Him. And so, to-day, those 
 races to whom the fulness of that revelation, which we find in 
 the New Testament, has not yet come, such as Hebrews and 
 those others in the far East or anywhere, who cry " Great is 
 God," and this or that man " Is his prophet," may ascend along 
 
258 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 the glorious pathway of Masonry to the rank of Master 
 Masons. But on the other hand, denying such a faith, they 
 cut themselves off from our fellowship ; and no nobler act has 
 adorned the history of the Grand Lodge of this Common- 
 wealth than the recent proclamation of its Grand Master, with 
 reference to the infidel pronunciamento of a Grand Lodge in 
 South America, in regard to its renunciation of all belief in a 
 Superior Being. Such action, as he rightly declares, is, Ma- 
 sonically considered, an act of suicide, and must, by all loyal 
 Masons, be so treated and regarded. 
 
 Have you ever thought, now, of the tremendous signifi- 
 cance of an Order so wide, so international, so all, but all-en- 
 compassing? What is there to be compared with it which 
 the wit of man has devised? What, if only its members will 
 rise to the height of its great possibilities, may it not accom- 
 plish for the good of men and the promotion of human 
 brotherhood ! How earnestly and constantly it ought to seek 
 to illustrate the principles of its constitution and the spirit of 
 love and loyalty and self-sacrifice that breathes through all its 
 rites and offices ! The warring world waits, my brothers, for 
 something which shall bind together men of warring races, 
 warring interests, warring creeds ; something that breathes in 
 all its speech, the fraternal spirit, and, that in all its life, will 
 live it ! May we be unwilling to lose the vision of so high an 
 aim, or, in what we are and do, to go below it ! 
 
 The anniversary, which we commemorate to-day, presents 
 another aspect of our great Order, which, just here, we may 
 appropriately recognize. A stranger who has thus far listened 
 to me might say: " This is all very well; but I do not quite 
 see what it has to do with Masonry as we know it to-day. 
 You have been talking of what, in our day, we would call a 
 trades-union or guild ; but surely Freemasonry is no longer 
 that. You are not a Mason in any sense which relates you, 
 organically or even intelligently, to the builders' art or trade; 
 and what is true of you is true of the great majority of those 
 with whom you are associated. Your designation is mislead- 
 ing, your association is unreal, your aims are fictitious." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 259 
 
 The answer to such objections, as I need not remind you, is 
 to be found in that history with which you are all familiar. 
 The time came in the life of Freemasonry when the Order 
 passed out of the domain of practical, into that of symbolic or 
 speculative Masonry ; when the art and craft and tools of 
 Masonry became, in other words, the signs or emblems of that 
 greater structure which we call human society. As the race 
 ascends out of barbarism, it steadily becomes increasingly 
 constructive, not only of houses, and roads, and temples, but 
 of that measured, well-ordered, squared and plumbed life, of 
 which a well-built house or temple is the enduring image. As 
 the Mason builds the house with a supreme reference to a 
 supreme law— the law of gravitation, which the great Archi- 
 tect of the Universe has ordained — so must you and I build 
 character, the family, the state, the nation. All powers, all 
 righteousness, all right-livedness, in other words, gravitate 
 back for their foundation and source to the Supreme Builder 
 of all. And so it was felt, a few centuries ago, in France, in 
 Scotland, in Germany, in Italy, in England, and elsewhere, 
 that any man who sought to build himself plumb to God's 
 law of obedience to Him and love to his brother man, might 
 well find his place in the Masonic Order ; and scholars and 
 thinkers ; merchants and travellers and poets ; men of great 
 rank and men of low rank, alike turned to it, in various and 
 widely separated lands, saying: "Here is a fellowship whose 
 aim is plain to the humblest and the highest alike; a fellow- 
 ship in which all differences disappear, and in which all, turn- 
 ing to the East for light, look and watch and wait for it ! " 
 
 The history of a century of Royal Arch Masonry at once 
 vindicates and illustrates that original aspiration. Coming 
 into being in another land, amid much discussion, and repre- 
 sented, originally, by two Bodies or Orders, each of which 
 disputed the legitimacy of the other, it, early in its history, 
 yielded to the wise influences which drew the " Ancient " and 
 " Modern " Royal Arch Masons together, and developed a 
 Ritual and Order which have served as a beneficent example 
 on both sides of the Atlantic. 
 
26o HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 You know its distinctive symbols, my brothers. The work- 
 ing tools of a Royal Arch Mason are the Crow-bar, the Pick- 
 axe, and the Spade — fit emblems of the arduous task which 
 belongs always and everywhere to him who is a Royal Arch 
 Mason. Out of the pathway of virtue and noble doing for 
 his Order, his household, the community, and the nation, he 
 is to roll away the obstructions that bar the onward march of 
 humanity. " Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things 
 are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are 
 pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of 
 good report," * these things he is to think on and to strive 
 for. His crow-bar is the enduring symbol of that higher 
 Masonry that forever lifts away obstructions and makes rough 
 places plain. 
 
 And so of his pickaxe and his shovel. There is ground 
 that must be broken up, there are foundations that must be 
 dug, there are the rubbish heaps '" of ignorance and of vice " 
 that must be removed, until he can discern " that eternal 
 foundation of truth and wisdom upon which he is to erect 
 the spiritual and moral temple of his second life." f 
 
 A high and noble and heroic purpose ! May our lives, my 
 brothers, who count it our joy and honor that we are Royal 
 Arch Masons, be worthy of it! The great Order of which, 
 in common with all Master Masons, whether or no they have 
 advanced to this high degree, we are members, stands for 
 great ideas, and for great possibilities for the country and the 
 race. If sometimes we have fallen below them — if we have 
 been content hitherto with those features of Masonry which 
 emphasize its social or mutually helpful character, its friendly 
 and convivial and self-protective aims, let us make this Cen- 
 tennial an occasion for advancing to a loftier conception of 
 its aims ; and striving for a loftier realization of its better as- 
 pirations. It stands supremely for human brotherhood. Let 
 us seek to make real that brotherhood all around the world! 
 It stands for loyalty to our common country and to the price- 
 less heritage of our free institutions. Let us jealously guard 
 
 * Epistle to the Philippians, iv. 8. 
 
 f Guide to the Royal Arch Chapter, page 167. New York, 1868. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 261 
 
 and defend them. No Free Mason may honorably bend the 
 knee to any foreign potentate, civil or ecclesiastical, or yield 
 allegiance to any alien sovereignty, temporal or spiritual. 
 See to it that you stand fast in that liberty wherewith God and 
 our fathers made us free. A Royal Arch spans with its lu- 
 minous splendors the ground on which our feet are planted 
 within this goodly fellowship. Peace be within her walls, 
 and plenteousness within her palaces ! 
 
 The membership of 1898 was reduced by deaths, dimits, 
 and suspensions, so that the loss exceeded the gain by five, 
 leaving three hundred and twenty-nine members on the 
 rolls December 16, 1898. 
 
 Companion Stafford is a native of Troy, Ohio, and was 
 graduated from the Medical Department of the University of 
 Tennessee. He came to New York soon afterward and be- 
 came connected with various Medical Associations, and for 
 three years was Secretary of the New York Polyclinic. His 
 special department in the profession is that of ophthalmology. 
 Some years ago he became assistant surgeon of the Twenty- 
 second Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. 
 
 When the Spanish- American War broke out he was anxious 
 for active service, and believing that his regiment might not be 
 called, he resigned and immediately enlisted in the Seventy- 
 first Regiment. He was appointed assistant surgeon, and 
 served throughout the campaign, enduring the hardships that 
 came to our " boys in blue " in that terrific Cuban summer 
 of 1898. Companion Staflford nearly succumbed to the fever 
 which was so prevalent among the troops, but was not de- 
 terred from seeking further service, and in April, 1899, he 
 received appointment in the Regular Army, and sailed for the 
 Philippine Islands, where he is still detailed.. 
 
 Companion Stafford was made a Mason in Roome Lodge, 
 No. 746, and presided as its Worshipful Master for two terms. 
 
 He joined Jerusalem Chapter in 1894; was Captain of the 
 Host in 1 895- 1 896 ; was elected Scribe in 1897, and High Priest 
 in 1898. He was knighted in Coeur de Lion Commandery, 
 and served in several of the minor offices ; was elected Cap- 
 tain-General in 1897, and Generalissimo in 1898. 
 
CHAPTER LXXIII. 
 
 1899 — Centennial Year 
 
 John R. Tresidder, High Priest 
 
 The centennial year opened auspiciously. At the first 
 convocation held in January, Companion Twiss, Chairman 
 of the Centennial Committee, reported that the committee 
 had held a meeting on December 30, 1898, at which meet- 
 ing there were eleven members of the committee present, 
 and that the committee had voted to recommend to the 
 Chapter that the celebration be held on the evening of 
 April 7th, that being the nearest to the date of the old 
 Charter, when arrangements could be made. 
 
 The committee also recommended that the sum of 
 $1,500 be raised for the purpose of defraying the expenses. 
 
 These recommendations were adopted by the Chapter. 
 At the next convocation M..E.-. Companion Stivers offered 
 the following resolution, viz. : " That our Excellent High 
 Priest prepare and issue a circular-letter to the members 
 making mention of the fact that this being the centennial 
 year of the Chapter, and in order to properly celebrate this 
 important epoch in the history of the Chapter, to ask con- 
 sent of the Companions to have the expense incurred paid 
 from the Permanent Fund." This resolution was adopted, 
 and the High Priest issued the following: 
 
 New York, January 30, 1899. 
 
 Dear Sir and Companion : 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, Royal Arch Masons, of the State 
 of New York, was organized February i, 1799, and granted a 
 
 262 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 263 
 
 Charter by the Grand Chapter of the State of New York, bear- 
 ing date April 8, 1799. 
 
 The coming month of April, 1899, will mark the end of the 
 first century of the existence of Jerusalem Chapter. When 
 we look at the record of the ages past, one century seems a 
 short space of time in the world's history. So it is. But when 
 we look at the roster of the Chapter, we find not one left 
 who was present at its organization. Time has wrought its 
 changes, but with all its strength and power has not altered 
 or changed one of the landmarks upon which the Chapter is 
 founded. 
 
 It is therefore becoming to the years and dignity of the 
 Chapter appropriately and fittingly to celebrate this, its Cen- 
 tennial Birthday. 
 
 In compliance with the expressed wishes of the Compan- 
 ions present at several stated convocations, a resolution was 
 adopted to appoint a Centennial Committee, to consider and 
 make recommendations for the appropriate celebration of this 
 One Hundredth Anniversary. 
 
 The Centennial Committee, consisting of all the Past High 
 Priests, together with the present Council Officers of the 
 Chapter, have submitted a report recommending April 7, 1899, 
 as the date for the Celebration, and that the sum of $1,500 be 
 raised, properly to carry out the same. Their recommenda- 
 tions were adopted by the Chapter at its last stated convocation. 
 
 To carry out the recommendations of the committee suc- 
 cessfully and in keeping with the honor and high standing of 
 Jerusalem Chapter, it will require the drawing of the money 
 from the Permanent Fund, but this is guarded by a law 
 so framed that it requires the written consent of a majority 
 of the members of the Chapter, before it can be appropriated 
 for any purpose. In order fully to comply with the provisions 
 of our By-laws, please sign the enclosed Amendment and mail 
 the same at once to the Secretary of the Chapter. 
 
 This will be the first celebration of its kind in the history 
 of our Dear Old Chapter, and will not have its duplicate until 
 all who participate in this will have passed away and left to 
 
264 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 others the duty of perpetuating that which has been left to us 
 by those who One Hundred Years ago met in " Love and 
 Unity " and opened the First Regular Convocation of Jeru- 
 salem Chapter. 
 
 Let us, therefore, make it a fitting close of the Chapter for 
 the century, and worthy of the imitation of those who shall 
 be present at and participate in its second centenary. 
 Sincerely and fraternally, 
 
 Samuel C. Wilson, Secretary. 
 
 By order of the Chapter, 
 
 John R. Tresidder, High Priest. 
 
 In response to this circular two hundred and five assents 
 were received; and on the strength of this large number 
 of written consents to have the By-laws amended so that 
 the amount required could be drawn from the Permanent 
 Fund, Excellent Companion Gardner moved to amend 
 Section i of Article IV. of the By-laws by adding the fol- 
 lowing words, viz. : " But a sum not exceeding fifteen 
 hundred dollars may be drawn from said Permanent Fund 
 for the Celebration of the Centennial of the Chapter in 
 the way and manner provided in Section i of Article XI. 
 of the By-laws." 
 
 The Chapter was then summoned, the amendment 
 adopted, and the sum of $1,500 was ordered to be placed 
 at the disposal of the Centennial Committee. At the 
 second convocation held in February the Royal Arch 
 Degree was conferred upon fifteen candidates, the largest 
 number for one evening in the history of the Chapter. 
 A handsome loving-cup was presented to Excellent Com- 
 panion Stafford by the Excellent High Priest. 
 
 At the convocation held March 17th the Chairman of 
 the Centennial Committee reported that the committee 
 had voted that the celebration of the Centennial include 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 265 
 
 a dinner, also a reception at another time, when the ladies 
 might be admitted. 
 
 The committee recommended that the dinner he held at 
 the Hotel Savoy, Saturday evening, April 22d. These 
 recommendations were adopted. 
 
 On the evening of April 7th, the date set for the first 
 observance of the centennial, the Grand High Priest and 
 a large delegation of Grand Officers and visiting Compan- 
 ions were present by invitation. 
 
 The Grand High Priest, M.-.E.-.John W. Palmer, was 
 received by the High Priest in a witty and eloquent ad- 
 dress of welcome, which was fittingly replied to by the 
 Most Excellent Companion. Short addresses were also 
 delivered by Companions J. Harris Balston, Grand King; 
 Clarence R. Hatton, Grand Captain of the Host; Derrick 
 Brown, Grand Royal Arch Captain; W. H. Sutton, Grand 
 Master of the Third Vail; I. H. Venn, Grand Master of 
 the First Vail; also M.-.E. .Companions W. J. McDonald 
 and George E. W. Stivers, Past Grand High Priests. A 
 pleasing feature of the occasion was the presentation of a 
 vase to M.'.E.-. Companion Palmer. A sumptuous banquet 
 was spread in the banquet-hall after the Chapter was closed, 
 of which nearly two hundred persons partook. The utmost 
 good-fellowship prevailed, and the Companions went to 
 their homes with sensations of deep and sincere pleasure 
 for this successful convocation and first celebration of the 
 centennial year. 
 
 The dinner which was held on the evening of April 22d 
 was a splendid afifair. Everything connected with it was 
 of a high order and of a character that gave an index of 
 the exalted standing and the solidity of the Chapter and 
 the earnest interest of its members in having everything 
 which is done in connection with Jerusalem Chapter con- 
 ducted with dignity and with the greatest loyalty to the 
 principles of Royal Arch Masonry. 
 
266 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 The Hotel Savoy, where the dinner was held, is one of 
 several magnificent structures erected within the last eight 
 or ten years for hotel purposes. 
 
 It is situated on the southeast corner of Fifth Avenue 
 and Fifty-ninth Street, overlooking Central Park. The 
 interior of the building is trimmed and decorated in a highly 
 ornate and costly manner. 
 
 On this occasion places were set for over two hundred 
 guests. The tables were decorated with exquisite taste, 
 the speakers' table being slightly raised, across the front 
 of which were festoons of red ribbon. The menu cards 
 were made of red paper, and at every plate was a bouton- 
 niere of red carnations. 
 
 What a contrast there would be in the appearance of this 
 magnificent banquet-hall and the plain little dining-room 
 of the hostelry where the forefathers of the Chapter sat 
 down one hundred years ago to break bread with the 
 Companions of Hibernian Chapter. If these early Com- 
 panions could have looked in on the handsome surround- 
 ings of the Savoy they would verily believe that a building 
 had been erected even more magnificent than the Temple 
 of Solomon. 
 
 The Companions began to assemble at 6.30 o'clock, and 
 by 7 o'clock were seated in their several places. The 
 menu was all that could be desired and was as follows : 
 
 MENU: 
 
 Huitres Pointe Bleue. 
 
 Consomme, Reine Hortense. 
 
 Timbale a la Hanoveraise. 
 
 Alose de Riviere, Planchee, Maitre d'Hotel. 
 
 Concombres. 
 
 Agneau du Printemps, sauce menthe. 
 
 Haricots verts au beurre, Pommes de Bermude, Rissolles. 
 
 Ris de Veau braise, Toulousaise. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 267 
 
 Petits Pois, Franqaise. 
 
 Sorbet en Surprise. 
 
 Ptarmigan d'Alaska, Gelee de Groseilles. 
 
 Salade de Saison. 
 
 Glace de Fantaisie. 
 
 Petits Fours. Fruit. 
 
 Cafe. 
 
 Samedi le 22 Avril, 1899. 
 
 After these viands had been discussed, the Excellent 
 High Priest, John R. Tresidder, made the opening address, 
 as follows: 
 
 OPENING ADDRESS 
 
 Excellent Companion John R. Tresidder 
 
 Companions : 
 
 The time has now arrived when we must repair from re- 
 freshment to labor ; I say labor, because post-prandial oratory 
 is often doubly laborious — laborious to the orator and some- 
 times more so to his audience. [Laughter.] 
 
 It afifords me great pleasure to welcome you to the cele- 
 bration of the first centenary of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, of 
 Royal Arch Masons in the State of New York. As this event 
 comes but once it is eminently fit that it should be commemo- 
 rated with pomp and circumstance. [Applause.] 
 
 From time immemorial it has been customary, in all civil- 
 ized communities, to celebrate important events by giving 
 public dinners. This custom is so popular in England that 
 Douglas Jerrold once said that if an earthquake should swal- 
 low up a portion of England to-morrow, he believed the sur- 
 vivors would come together the next day, to give a dinner 
 just to celebrate the event. [Laughter.] 
 
 There has never been a time in American history when pub- 
 lic dinners are more in vogue than during the current month. 
 We have just had the great ten-dollar dinner to celebrate 
 Jefifersonian simplicity and the little one-dollar dinner to popu- 
 
268 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 larize the silver ratio of sixteen to one, and the time would 
 fail me to tell of others, given to keep in mind weightier mat- 
 ters, but with less flourish of trumpets. 
 
 When our historian shall relate to us the salient features 
 of the history of the Chapter, we shall learn that Jerusalem 
 Chapter with Hibernian Chapter met in the year 1800, and 
 celebrated its organization by giving a public dinner. And, 
 as our ancient Companions opened the century with a public 
 dinner, so we appropriately close it with the same. [Ap- 
 plause.] 
 
 I am fully aware that this prandial observance was not al- 
 lowed to pass without criticism. It was urged that it could 
 be simpler and less expensive. This may be true, but would 
 it have comported with the reputation, dignity, and splendor 
 of Jerusalem Chapter? The Committee of Arrangements 
 thought otherwise, and they thought well, as the sequel has 
 shown, and I think you will agree with me, that no better 
 form could have been adopted than this dinner which has 
 brought together members of the Chapter whom we have 
 never seen before: who lived simply in memory, and whom 
 we may never see again. 
 
 The century through which Jerusalem Chapter has passed, 
 has no parallel. I shall not pause to pronounce a panegyric 
 upon it, for its glories have been often sung by the poet, 
 praised by the orator, and described by the historian. It is 
 rich with the inheritance of the ages. How great is the truth 
 in the line of " Locksley Hall : " 
 
 Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter has had one hundred years of America 
 — double the poet's limitation — which is better than the cycles 
 of all time, for it is the century of law, liberty, charity, and 
 justice. [Applause.] 
 
 The centennial oration of Mr. Chauncey M. Depew was 
 criticised by the English press on the ground that it did not 
 sufficiently develop the moral and educational progress of the 
 American people, but was, for the most part, an apotheosis 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 269 
 
 of wealth, power, and materialism. No such criticism can 
 be made of our celebration. No, Companions, we meet to 
 celebrate the moral stability of a social institution which for a 
 hundred years has stood, firm and unimpaired, amid the dis- 
 cords of sects, revolutions of mobs, and the fall of kingdoms 
 and empires. [Applause.] 
 
 We meet to celebrate the triumph of the ethical, charitable, 
 and religious principles as embodied in Royal Arch Masonry. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 We meet to celebrate the ascendancy of Masonry as a moral 
 force in the country, namely: the diffusion and distribution 
 of charity by means of secret, corporative organizations, and 
 secret-voluntary associations. This force pervades the whole 
 system of Masonry, and is the foundation of all subsequent 
 secret-benevolent societies. I believe that this potential factor 
 is more efficacious than any other terrestrial force in coun- 
 teracting the evils of wealth, selfishness, and materialism. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 We meet, therefore, to celebrate the triumph of associative 
 charity in the nineteenth century^ — that charity which is the 
 purest gem that adorns humanity; in its resplendence, the 
 diamond grows pale and the ruby hides its blushing rays — 
 that charity which is the amaranthine flower that surpasses 
 the beauty of the rose and the perfection of the pink. [Ap- 
 plause.] 
 
 I do not purpose to trace the history of the Chapter, for it 
 would trespass alike upon your time and the prerogative of 
 our historian. 
 
 There is one incident, to which, on account of its interna- 
 tional character, I may with propriety refer. 
 
 General Lafayette, as you well know, was a patriot of 
 France and an admirer of the American Republic. On the 
 base of his statue in Union Square are chiselled these words, 
 " As soon as I heard of American Independence, my heart 
 was enlisted." Having revisited the United States in 1824 
 he heard of Royal Arch Masonry and his heart was enlisted, 
 and he was made a Royal Arch Mason in Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
270 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 [Applause.] As the General hated tyranny and loved liberty, 
 he was not the favorite of kings. Having received his de- 
 grees, he turned to Joseph Hoxie, the King of the Chapter, 
 who was the father of our highly esteemed Excellent Com- 
 panion William E. Hoxie, now sitting at my left [applause], 
 and said, " You are the first crowned head that ever treated 
 me so kindly." This witty declaration demonstrates that the 
 King of that time was kind [applause], and kindness becomes 
 a King more than the glittering crown or golden sceptre. I 
 trust that this amiable attribute of our ancient King may dis- 
 tinguish the ofificers of the centennial year and be perpetuated 
 among their successors. [Applause.] 
 
 Companions, in a few hours, this brilliant pageant will have 
 passed away. It will only remain in what Tennyson calls 
 " The dewy dawn of memory." Its utility will depend upon 
 the augmentation of our membership, increase of our treas- 
 ury, and our enthusiasm for larger activity and doing greater 
 good. 
 
 I believe that every Companion present loves Jerusalem 
 Chapter. What nobler tribute of love can you offer than to 
 increase its membership? [Applause.] What grander record 
 can you transmit to its bicentennial than that during the year 
 you have written the names of one hundred new members 
 upon its rolls and put three thousand dollars into its treasury ? 
 [Applause.] For every year that is past, let there be one new 
 Companion. A century of years demands a century of new 
 members. 
 
 Let us strive, therefore, to put one hundred bricks into our 
 edifice. This result would set a precedent — and a precedent 
 always immortalizes a principle — to be followed in subsequent 
 years. 
 
 I hope that your love for the Chapter — that the inspiration 
 of this occasion — this " gay and festive scene and hall of 
 dazzling light " — will induce you to erect this magnificent 
 memento to the honor of our Centenary. 
 
 But, Companions, whether this consummation be realized, 
 or not, let us so live that the centennial year may eventuate 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 271 
 
 in drawing us closer together by the silken ties of friendship, 
 in augmenting our loyalty to the Chapter, in strengthening 
 our determination to maintain the excellence of the work and 
 the high, social character of its membership, and, finally, in 
 exemplifying conspicuously in our daily contact with the 
 world the beneficent efifects of Royal Arch Masonry, so that 
 Jerusalem Chapter may be the cynosure of every eye and the 
 admiration of good men who will say : 
 
 Si monumentum requiris, circumspice. 
 
 [Applause.] 
 
 The High Priest 
 Companions: 
 
 One of the speakers desires to go away, and in order to 
 accommodate him I am obliged to reverse the order of the 
 toasts. The first toast, under the change, is " The Ethics of 
 Royal Arch Masonry." 
 
 Those who do the work of the Craft become so absorbed 
 in its practical side that they sometimes seem to forget that it 
 has also an ethical side. Masonic ethics is the science of 
 human duty deduced from the precepts, tenets, principles, 
 forms, and ceremonies of Masonry as a whole, but the ethics 
 of the toast relates to Royal Arch Masonry as a part. 
 
 You will doubtless remember that, while acting as High 
 Priest last year, I gave, at our banquets, a series of short ad- 
 dresses, intended to ekicidate the ethics and symbolism of the 
 dififerent degrees, but I have reason to fear that my efforts, 
 like the arrows of the aged Priam, fell to the ground before 
 they reached the mark. I am happy to state, however, that 
 the ethics of Royal Arch Masonry will be treated this evening 
 by one whose large experience in ethical matters eminently 
 qualifies him to discharge the duties of the toast. 
 
 And, now, while our distinguished Companion is on this 
 subject, it would not be inappropriate if he would give us the 
 ethics of his mimic journey, under my escort, as Principal 
 Sojourner, from Babylon to Jerusalem, and of his victorious 
 march through the vails. I shall never forget — and I feel 
 
272 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 quite sure that he will always remember — the hour when he 
 passed under a Living Arch and his glorious ascent from the 
 depth of humility to the sublimity of Royal Arch Masonry, 
 which was symbolic of his own rise from a simple clergyman 
 to the great bishopric of New York. [Applause.] 
 
 It affords me the greatest pleasure, Companions, to present 
 to you Companion Henry C. Potter, the Right Reverend 
 Bishop of the Diocese of New York. [Great applause.] 
 
 . Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D., LL.D. 
 Companions and Brethren: 
 
 The High Priest never made a rasher statement than when 
 he undertook to say I was going to give you instruction. I 
 have sat here by his side through this delightful dinner with 
 considerable trepidation in apprehension lest at some idle 
 moment he might turn and examine me [Laughter], and I con- 
 fess I had hoped I should be privileged to escape out of this 
 room without any reference on his part to that large knowl- 
 edge which, so long as he gives me credit for it, I shall not 
 deny. He has said one of the speakers wanted to go away. 
 Gentlemen, there is no speaker in this room to-night who has 
 the solemn prospect of facing this audience who doesn't want 
 to go away [Laughter], and I confess that if I were to under- 
 take to deal with the very large subject that has been assigned 
 to me I should have escaped before this kindly introduction 
 on his part took place. 
 
 To-night has greatly enlarged my horizon. My associa- 
 tions and my recollections with the Royal Arch Lodge have 
 been of a kind which greatly impressed me with its ritual and 
 with the dignity of what may be called its public functions; 
 but I confess until this evening I had not supposed that the 
 resources of its hymnody were so large. I was not aware 
 that " Annie Rooney " and the " Hot Time in the Old Town 
 To-night " and the other dehghtful airs to which it has been 
 my privilege to listen were part of the instructions of Masonry. 
 It shows me, gentlemen, you are a much more widely culti- 
 vated body than I gave you credit for. [Laughter.] 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 273 
 
 Seriously, I am profoundly glad my friend has spoken of 
 the relations of ethics to Masonry, for I believe that whatever 
 may be the note which one is tempted to strike in a festive 
 gathering like this we cannot afford to forget it. Underneath 
 the social side of Masonry, which is all that exists in the 
 minds of a great many people who don't know any better, I 
 believe profoundly that the most potential factor in it as a 
 power whence everything has come, has been its ethical basis. 
 This is an age of trusts, but it is your dignity and distinction 
 as Free Masons to remember that the Masonic Order is of 
 its kind the oldest benevolent trust on this continent. That 
 statement I make as incapable of disputation. There is noth- 
 ing so old here in the way of association of fellowship as an 
 Order which during all its hundreds and thousands of years 
 has represented to man the character of all brotherhood ; that 
 has dismissed all other distinctions and made it possible for 
 men to recognize one another along that highest and most 
 fraternal line. I am often asked by people who are not Free 
 Masons what it was that originally interested me in Masonry, 
 and I have always answered that it was the fact that while so 
 many devout, serious-minded, blameless, and excellent people 
 whom I knew, of various characteristic names all over the 
 world, were not able to speak of one another with courtesy 
 or with justice, that in a Masonic Lodge all differences were 
 forgotten, and that the Masonic obligation dismissed all 
 claims of rank on the one hand and of inferiority of social 
 position on the other ; and when somebody said, " That's very 
 well, but what does it mean practically?" I have told them 
 this story: When I went abroad for the first time as a very 
 young man, travelling in Switzerland on one occasion, I came 
 to a great resort — I think it was Lucerne — in the middle of 
 August, with every hotel crowded to the roof. When I went 
 into the entrance of the hotel, what we should call the office 
 here, people were sitting about the house waiting for the pos- 
 sibility of some accommodations, and, sitting upon the edge 
 of a portmanteau with a very disconsolate air, I recognized 
 a young Englishman of very high rank (no less than an earl) 
 
274 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 whom I had had the pleasure of dining with in London a few 
 weeks before. " What are you doing here, my Lord," I said. 
 " Waiting for a room," he repHed. " Ah, indeed, are they as 
 scarce as that ? " I said, and then turning to the clerk, who was 
 near by, I made a sign which I need not repeat here, but 
 which the clerk recognized. I am obliged to confess that 
 it was with some little satisfaction I walked up to my room, 
 and when I came down to dinner after half an hour I found 
 the earl still sitting on the end of his portmanteau. [Laugh- 
 ter and applause.] Masonry has been kind in that far-ofif land 
 in the interest of brotherhood, and wherever I have gone I 
 have not failed to find it anything but kind. It is so, gentle- 
 men, because it is based upon the great principle of father- 
 hood, the divine fatherhood which is underneath all princi- 
 ples of brotherhood. 
 
 And so may I venture to express my profound sympathy 
 with the wish which my Companion the High Priest has ex- 
 pressed, that a great anniversary like this, the one hundredth 
 year of something so venerable and so distinguished as this 
 body, should be marked by such an occasion to its members 
 as shall make it more and more a power for God and for good 
 in this great community. I don't believe that we always 
 realize what it might do. I wonder if we have stopped to 
 ask ourselves what Masonry is to-day in lands other and less 
 favored than ours. I wonder if I may without violating 
 the most delicate propriety allude to the fact that in countries 
 like Mexico and Italy, where there has been very little free- 
 dom of thought and less freedom of speech and less freedom 
 of conscience, the door that opens into a Masonic Lodge, my 
 brothers, is the one door to which men have turned in the 
 hope that they might find the right to believe and the right 
 to act according to their own conscience and the enlighten- 
 ment of God ; and whatever any of us may think about it, it 
 must surely be admitted by you to be very full of painful ele- 
 ments. I confess I have often myself wondered if when we 
 went to the Philippine Islands, instead of undertaking to make 
 our way with sword and shot we had undertaken to recognize 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 275 
 
 the fact that all those twelve hundred islands — I am told — are 
 permeated with the inspiration of Masonry, and had under- 
 taken to establish some relations along Masonic lines with 
 these, our Brother Masons, whether we might not have earlier 
 and more securely have laid the foundation for those free in- 
 stitutions which we believe will be the greatest blessings we 
 can take to those far-off peoples. In that spirit I pray God, 
 my Brothers, the next century of this body, illustrious, vener- 
 able, and distinguished, may live. 
 
 One of these days I am going to grind my own little axe 
 in this connection and ask permission of the High Priest to 
 come to the Chapter and tell them of a dream I have, that 
 among the eight great columns, sixty feet high, which are, 
 please God, to stand around the altars in the Cathedral of St. 
 John the Divine, one of them should be placed there by the 
 Masonic Order in the City of New York, and will thus be a 
 witness to those who come after me of the fellowship and 
 brotherhood of man, which will always be as dear as it is 
 sacred and precious. [Great applause.] 
 
 The High Priest 
 
 Companions : 
 
 Your great enthusiasm assures me that you are delighted 
 with the witty, elegant, and beautiful address of our Reverend 
 Companion. I predict that as long as we live, whenever our 
 minds shall revert to this occasion, our ears will be ravished 
 with the eloquence and our hearts thrilled with the pleasure 
 which we now feel. How happily this address illustrates the 
 immortal line of Keats^ from " Endymion " : 
 
 A thing of beauty is a joy forever. 
 
 Let us now turn from the ethics of Royal Arch Masonry 
 to the thing itself — the Grand Chapter, our Alma Mater — 
 the embodiment of all jurisdiction in the State of New York. 
 It is said " Where Macgregor sits, there is the head of the 
 table." No matter, therefore, what may be the order of the 
 
2/6 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 toasts, that of the Grand High Priest must be first. Perhaps 
 Jerusalem Chapter is never more advantageously seen than 
 at the official visits of the grand officers. It was only two 
 weeks ago last night since they made us their annual visit, 
 and I have no hesitation in affirming that it will not be easily 
 forgotten by those who participated in the reception. The 
 welcome was warm and the mutual salutations and rejoinders 
 proved, as Lee says in his play of " Alexander the Great," that 
 
 When Greeks joined Greeks, then was the tug of war. 
 
 I take pleasure in presenting to you M.-.E.-.John W. Palmer, 
 whom we all know and esteem, the Grand High Priest of 
 Royal Arch Masonry in the State of New York, who will 
 respond to the toast, " The Grand Chapter of the State of 
 New York." 
 
 Most Excellent John W. Palmer, Grand High Priest 
 
 Excellent High Priest and Companions : 
 
 If the duties of the Grand High Priest were confined ex- 
 clusively to the execution of legislative matters I would feel 
 much more comfortable than I do to-night to stand before 
 this intellectual body of men to respond to a toast that has 
 been responded to for a century by men far more capable 
 than myself. 
 
 I don't propose to allude to or mention the subject of the 
 dinners spoken of by the High Priest, especially the " sixteen- 
 to-one dinner." I would not mention the subject at all ex- 
 cept to allude to the fact that we will consider this Chapter 
 for the time being as one to any other sixteen. [Laughter.] 
 
 The Grand Chapter is the legislative body of Royal Arch 
 Masonry. It is necessary for good order and government; 
 necessary as a fountain-head from which shall pour forth the 
 instructions and the guidance for the great body of the craft. 
 It presents a form of instruction to be given to the initiate 
 by the officers of the Subordinate Chapters in the exemplifica- 
 tion of the ritual ; but the novitiates cannot grasp at an initia- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 277 
 
 tion all that is beautiful in the greatest depths of research that 
 there may be in the beautiful mysteries which these rituals 
 are intended to convey to the human mind. It remains for 
 those who may be selected to represent the Grand Body from 
 time to time to illustrate that which is hidden, to preach to 
 you the doctrine of Royal Arch Masonry. 
 
 In the one hundred years that have passed, such men as 
 DeWitt Clinton, as Ames, as Lewis, as Pollard, as Morrison, 
 and Woodruff, were men whose works, whose speeches, whose 
 writings, live after them, and are a wonderful influence to-day 
 in the literature of Royal Arch Masonry. And of the men 
 of the present day there are such as Sherer, as McDonald and 
 Barnes, as exponents of Royal Arch Masonry, zealous and 
 active in everything that recommends Royal Arch Masonry 
 to the intelligent man ; and last, but not least, is your own 
 " George," the last from the Metropolitan District, whose 
 works and whose record will live for at least another hundred 
 years. 
 
 In public life so much of the utterances of our leading men, 
 statesmen, and those in other lines of public life, as are ac- 
 cepted by the people become, as it is termed, public opinion, 
 and may we not presume that the utterances of those of our 
 Companions who are speaking in our various Masonic assem- 
 blies mould the opinion and guide the thoughts of the entire 
 Masonic fraternity to a proper study and investigation into the 
 beauties of Royal Arch Masonry — and if that be true, how 
 proud we should be that we can have the services of the high- 
 est dignitary in the Church in this State to explain the ethics 
 of Royal Arch Masonry — a rebuke at once to all criticism 
 of Masonry on the part of the bigoted and the ignorant. 
 
 While, Companions, the propagation of the beauties of our 
 ritual and the teaching of our Order has become the duty of 
 the Grand Officers of the Grand Chapter to-day, as it is the 
 duty of the Chapter to impress upon the minds of candidates, 
 so far as able with the work at hand, the ritual, there is still a 
 higher and greater duty resting on each individual member 
 of a Chapter to elevate and dignify Royal Arch Masonry. I 
 
2/8 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ask you, Companions of Jerusalem Chapter, to do your part 
 as individual men. You are a body of men of intelligence, of 
 intellectuality, of influence in your community, and if you will 
 in your own daily lives and actions exert yourselves to the 
 highest ideal that you can imagine of manhood, then the glory 
 of the next century of the Grand Chapter will be as great as 
 its achievements in the past. [Applause.] 
 
 The High Priest 
 
 Companions : 
 
 The two addresses to which we have just listened, although 
 exceedingly interesting, yet are slightly remote from what is 
 uppermost in our minds, but we have now come to the matter 
 which specially concerns us, namely, the history of Jerusalem 
 Chapter. [Applause.] I am not quite sure but that this his- 
 tory will be just as new to some of us as it will be interesting. 
 I am now about to call upon the Herodotus of the Chapter 
 to give us the benefit of his lucubrations upon its archives. 
 " Anything but history," said Sir Robert Walpole, " for history 
 must be false." I cannot acquiesce in this splendid dictum. 
 I do not forget that Herodotus is called the " Father of lies " 
 [Laughter], but I have confidence to believe that our historian 
 will " Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice." 
 [Applause.] 
 
 There is one feature to-night upon which we may congratu- 
 late ourselves, and that is, that our historian is going to read 
 his address and not extemporize one. We are acquainted 
 with his unique manner of extemporaneous speaking — some 
 doubt, a little hesitation, and much repetition. This is said 
 to be indicative of confusion of mind, but to me it seems rather 
 to indicate conservatism of thought and extreme care to select 
 the best words to tell the truth. It suggests the manner of 
 Lord Eldon, who was so conservative in action that he would 
 never decide a matter without reading carefully all the papers 
 in the action, and, in order that he might do this the better, 
 he took them home with him. He carried the papers in bags ; 
 whence he was called " Old Bags." Whenever a new point 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 279 
 
 of law was argued before him, he would always say, " I doubt," 
 which Sir George Rose felicitously made proverbial by the 
 following lines : 
 
 Mr. Leach 
 Made a speech, 
 Angry, neat, but wrong ; 
 
 Mr. Hart 
 On the other part. 
 Was heavy, dull, and long ; 
 
 Mr. Parker 
 Made the case darker 
 Which was dark enough without : 
 
 Mr. Cooke 
 Cited his book. 
 And the Chancellor said, " I doubt." 
 
 These lines came into the hands of the Lord Chancellor, and 
 Sir George, shortly after, having a matter before him, in which 
 he was on the wrong side, the Chancellor gave judgment 
 promptly against Sir George's client, and said, " Sir George, 
 in this case the Chancellor does not doubt." [Laughter.] As 
 our historian's address is written, I can safely say, " In this 
 case Sir Charles does not doubt." [Laughter.] 
 
 It gives me unbounded satisfaction to introduce Excellent 
 Charles Victor Twiss, the best beloved man in Jerusalem 
 Chapter, and the organizer of the magnificent entertainment 
 which we are so heartily enjoying. [Great applause.] 
 
 Excellent Companion Charles Victor Twiss 
 Companions : 
 
 I am one of the speakers who does not want to go away. 
 Now, Excellent High Priest and Companions, as this is my 
 maiden effort; as this is the first time I have been on the 
 stage since my little heart went pit-a-pat when I was about 
 so high, I trust you will forgive any confusion, or any doubt, 
 or any lack of the proper words for the reflection that I am 
 under, and will listen attentively to the recorded events of the 
 history of Jerusalem Chapter, because that is to be the sum 
 
280 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 and substance of my speech. Unfortunately, age is creeping 
 on ; my eyesight is poor, and I may stumble over these type- 
 written sheets. If so, I know you will have patience with me. 
 I give you warning that I may try to spin this paper out until 
 the next speaker arrives. Most Excellent Companion Sherer 
 is expected here about half-past twelve o'clock, or a little ear- 
 lier. At any rate he will be here in time for the Sunday morn- 
 ing sermon. 
 
 Companion Twiss then read a paper containing a 
 synopsis of the history of the Chapter, closing with this 
 peroration : 
 
 Excellent Sir and Companions, there are many things . in 
 the history of Jerusalem Chapter I have not touched upon 
 which would make interesting reading. It is the design of 
 the Chapter to publish a volume that will contain every- 
 thing worthy of publication. In this book the work of each 
 High Priest will be reviewed. I hope that what you have 
 heard to-night has whetted your appetite sufHciently to make 
 you feel that you would like to possess such a volume, and 
 that each will do his share in promoting the publication of 
 the history. Companions, the first century of our Chapter 
 is now of the past, and what a wonderful period it has been 
 in the world's history. What marvellous growth ; what won- 
 derful inventions ; what a remarkable development of the nat- 
 ural resources of the country has occurred ; what an increase 
 of the blessings and comforts of life has been bestowed upon 
 us. To be sure, this old world is still checkered with good 
 and evil, but it is easier to be good than to be bad. Every- 
 thing is tending to make men better, kinder, more consider- 
 ate toward one another, more ready to lend a hand to a falling 
 brother. Withal there is a stronger desire than ever before 
 to uplift the nations still groping in darkness, and bring them 
 into the light of the great Sun of Righteousness. In the 
 divine Book of Revelation it is written, " And the earth helped 
 the woman in her struggle to escape from the fiery dragon." 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 281 
 
 Old Mother Earth is still ready to help man in his endeavor 
 to escape from sin and wrong-doing. Companions, as we 
 enter the new century, let us pause for a moment on the 
 threshold of the great future and think of those who, one hun- 
 dred years ago, were about entering on the century that is 
 now past. Not one of that band remains ; they, with hundreds 
 more of our Companions, have passed within the vails of the 
 Heavenly Tabernacle; into the presence of the Great Grand 
 Council ; and though we may " sigh for the touch of a van- 
 ished hand and the sound of a voice that is still," that hand 
 may not be touched, that voice may not be heard, for their 
 possessors have gone to " that land from whose bourne no 
 traveller returns." One by one we all, sooner or later, will 
 be called upon to give the pass which will admit us within 
 the vail of eternal life. Let us so improve the remaining span 
 of life that we may be accepted and recorded as faithful work- 
 men, and receive the wages of a well-spent life, and with those 
 who have gone before join in the refrain, " I was glad when 
 they said unto me. Let us go into the house of the Lord," " My 
 feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem." And when 
 those who follow us shall become weary and desire to " depart 
 and be with the Lord," may we hear this longing but tri- 
 umphant strain : 
 
 Jerusalem, high tower, thy glorious walls, 
 Would God I were in thee. 
 Desire of thee my longing heart enthralls. 
 Desire at home to be. 
 
 Wide from this world outleaping. 
 O'er hill and vale and plain. 
 My soul's strong wing is sweeping, 
 Thy portals to attain. 
 
 [Great applause.] 
 
 The High Priest 
 Companions : 
 
 I think you will all agree with me that the paper which has 
 just been read is a remarkable one. It is worthy of Jerusalem 
 
282 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Chapter, the Excellent Companion who compiled it, and to 
 form part of the records of the centennial year. Our historian 
 has fulfilled the command of Hamlet : 
 
 Horatio, I am dead ; 
 Thou livest, report me and my story aright 
 To the unsatisfied. 
 
 The proceedings of this meeting would be incomplete un- 
 less reference is made to our Past High Priests. The proud 
 position which Jerusalem Chapter holds among her sister 
 Chapters is due, in the greatest measure, to the zeal, fidelity, 
 and intelligence of her Past High Priests. As is the High 
 Priest so is the Chapter. The fame of our Past High Priests 
 is secure, for their deeds are inscribed upon the monument of 
 the century. Esto perpetual 
 
 While we highly respect our Past High Priests, still we 
 should like to become a Httle better acquainted with them, for 
 the appearance of some of them at our convocations is, as 
 Campbell says in " The Pleasures of Hope," 
 
 Like angel visits, few and far between. 
 
 I am glad to have the privilege to introduce to you Right 
 Excellent Companion Rollin M. Morgan, who will respond 
 to the toast, " The Past High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter." 
 [Applause.] 
 
 Right Excellent Rollin M. Morgan 
 Excellent High Priest and Companions : 
 
 You allowed the pulpit orator on my right, and the bar 
 orator who sat on my left, to escape, but I don't think anyone 
 need hesitate to rise to address the Companions of Jerusalem 
 Chapter to-night, for it was observable that when Excellent 
 Companion Twiss was delivering his Httle exhortation not 
 down upon paper, when looking for a word or two, there were 
 a number of Companions ready to put them into his mouth. 
 If you will ofifer me the same assistance I have no doubt I 
 will pull through this ordeal. 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 283 
 
 The committee which has afforded you the pleasure of 
 listening to those down upon the order of set toasts met with 
 great difficulty in securing someone to respond to the toast, 
 " The Past High Priests," and it became currently known 
 by the members of the committee that one reason which pre- 
 vented any of the Past High Priests from indicating a desire 
 to respond to this toast was that they preferred to hear their 
 own accomplishments recounted, and did not desire to re- 
 count the accomplishments of the others. [Laughter.] One 
 of them, who delivers his speeches after having committed 
 them, it was discovered had allowed his secretary to visit his 
 mother-in-law, and therefore could not deliver any appro- 
 priate speech. [Laughter.] Someone else said that " the Past 
 High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter look so much wiser than 
 they talk it was thought best not to have this toast responded 
 to at all." (I am looking now at Excellent Companion Brown 
 sitting down at Table " B.") [Laughter.] 
 
 The Past High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter as a body form 
 a very distinguished one. Modesty, as Companion Twiss has 
 said, prevents me from singling out the one. who is most 
 distinguished ; but this may be said of Jerusalem Chapter 
 throughout her history, that from the time of the administra- 
 tion of John West down to the time of the administration of 
 the present incumbent of that office, no taint of dishonor, so 
 far as I know, has attached to the character of any of the 
 High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter. So far as it was within 
 the bounds, the limits of human endeavor, they lived up to 
 the high ideals which they formed in their minds should char- 
 acterize the High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter. [Applause.] 
 It is a body of which we are all proud. I know it is a great 
 pleasure to those who have been here to-night to be present 
 at this Centennial Celebration, but our Excellent High Priest 
 cast a cloud over my mind when he suggested I might not 
 be present at the next centennial celebration of Jerusalem 
 Chapter. I hate to think that even in that distant future I 
 may miss a good dinner. [Laughter.] I thought the Past 
 Grand High Priest of Jerusalem Chapter would have an op- 
 
284 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 portunity to respond, and I endeavored to shift the effort 
 which I am now making upon the shoulders of Most Excellent 
 Companion Stivers. He suggested to me that if I would be 
 brief he would endeavor to occupy the rest of the time, and 
 in order not to stand in his way I shall take my seat. [Ap- 
 plause.] 
 
 The High Priest 
 Companions : 
 
 Our patience will be rewarded. The distinguished Com- 
 panion for whom we have waited has arrived. As we advance 
 in age we find our greatest consolation in reflecting upon the 
 ennobling associations of the past, for, as Moore says : 
 
 When Time, who steals our years away, 
 
 Shall steal our pleasures too, 
 The memory of the past will stay. 
 
 And half our joys renew. 
 
 I know of no one in Symbolic or Capitular Masonry whose 
 memory is richer with the glorious traditions of Masonry, and 
 pleasant reminiscences of our Past Grand High Priests, than 
 the illustrious Companion who will address you now. He 
 has worked industriously and successfully in both branches 
 of the Order. Indeed, I may say he has exhausted the quar- 
 ries in each, and proved himself so meritorious that he was 
 rewarded by being made the Grand Master of the one and the 
 Grand High Priest of the other. [Applause.] 
 
 I greatly appreciate the honor. Companions, of introducing 
 to you M. E. William Sherer, Past Grand High Priest of the 
 Grand Chapter of the State of New York, who will speak to 
 the toast, " The Past Grand High Priests of the Grand Chap- 
 ter of the State of New York." [Great applause.] 
 
 Most Excellent William Sherer, Past Grand High 
 
 Priest 
 Excellent Sir and Companions : 
 
 My purpose in coming here to-night was more to show my 
 esteem for Jerusalem Chapter as a body of Royal Arch 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 285 
 
 Masons, to testify my regard and friendship for very many 
 of its members, than for anything else. Unfortunately, like 
 many men who attempt to oblige everyone, I mistakenly made 
 two engagements for to-night, both of them dinners, one 'way 
 over in Brooklyn and the other here. I did not intend to 
 promise to be in two places at once, for, as it is wittily said, 
 " Man cannot be in two places at once, unless he is a bird." 
 I never claimed to wear wings, and don't know that I ever 
 shall. 
 
 I do not propose to give you the biographies of all the Past 
 Grand High Priests of the State of New York, because the 
 time at our disposal does not warrant it. Before commencing 
 that, just one word about the hundred years of the existence 
 of this Chapter. It seems when we look back — those of us 
 who can look back over more than half of that time — as though 
 it were scarcely possible for an organization of Masons, with 
 no other object in view seemingly than sociability and charity, 
 changing yearly, the membership every five years almost en- 
 tirely changed, should keep an existence continuously during 
 all that time. I read to-day, " One hundred years ago there 
 were twenty-five hundred Masons in the United States " — 
 now I suppose there are over two millions ; that is, two mil- 
 lions of men who have taken Masonic obligations. How 
 many Masons among them there are remains to be seen. As 
 in a good many other things, a man's reputation is one thing, 
 his character is another. We may have the reputation of be- 
 ing Masons while we may not have that character. 
 
 I am free to say that my knowledge of the Past Grand High 
 Priests of the State of New York extends over a good many 
 years. Individually and as a class of men they were true ex- 
 ponents of all the best teachings of the Capitular degrees. I 
 shall name a few of them only. John W. Simons, a man noted 
 for his intellectual strength; noted for his kindness of heart; 
 noted for his good fellowship ; exemplifying in his life a great 
 many Masonic virtues. Darius Ogden, of Penn Yan, not only 
 a good Mason but a learned Judge — a man held in great 
 esteem throughout the western part of the State. John L. 
 
286 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Lewis, also of Penn Yan, known wherever Masonry is known 
 and written about. James E. Morrison, from New York 
 City ; many of you knew him as a writer, as a brilliant, strong 
 young man, cut off early in life ; while he was active in Ma- 
 sonry. He certainly was admired by those of us who paid 
 attention to the finer qualities of manhood which he exempli- 
 fied. These men I speak of have all passed away. James M. 
 Austin, for a long time — more than thirty years — Grand Sec- 
 retary of the Grand Lodge. He also has passed within the 
 " Fourth Vail." 
 
 We also had William T. WoodruiT, well known in the Ma- 
 sonic fraternity for his ability as a debater and as a sharp 
 intellectual man. I could go on and give briefly by name al- 
 most every one of the many other Past Grand High Priests, 
 but the Grand Chapter one year ago celebrated its one hun- 
 dredth anniversary, and at that time its history was pretty 
 thoroughly gone over and published in the proceedings of the 
 Grand Chapter, and I have no doubt Jerusalem Chapter is 
 well represented in its archives, yet it will be interesting for 
 you to spend an hour in reading the history of Capitular 
 Masonry in this State. 
 
 The present Past Grand High Priests I shall not speak of. 
 They are still with us. We don't know what the result of 
 their lives may be or what they may leave to us tO' remember. 
 You have one of them in this body who certainly deserves, 
 up to the present time, all the good things that may be said 
 of him as an industrious, faithful, energetic man and Mason, 
 and at all times ready to sacrifice himself and his personal 
 interests for the good of Royal Arch Masonry. I allude to 
 the modest Companion who sits on my left — Most Excellent 
 Companion Stivers. 
 
 While I, in common with most of those who have given a 
 good deal of attention to Masonry, believe we ought not to 
 forget the foundation-stone of all — that is the Lodge; ought 
 not to forget the symbolic teachings taught there, should not 
 fail to remember that all that follows is but the inspiration, 
 and that he who best exemplifies in his life, acts, and thoughts 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 287 
 
 the teachings taught there in the foundation school of Ma- 
 sonry, is after all the highest Free Mason. It is not the 
 numerals that may be pasted upon his coat, it is not the high 
 title he may bear, that makes him the highest Mason. The 
 highest Mason is he who is truest to the teachings taught 
 there where the most beautiful symbols of Masonry come to 
 us in the First or Entered Apprentice Degree. I have all 
 regard for Capitular Masonry, and for all the other rites at- 
 tached to Free Masonry. The Capitular Rite was one of my 
 earliest loves, and the Companions generously rewarded me 
 far beyond my merit. If there is anything I am ready at all 
 suitable times and places to testify to, it is the great kindness 
 as a body that the Grand Chapter of the State of New York 
 has for all its members both in the Grand Chapter there at 
 Albany and the constituent bodies of which it is composed. 
 As an instance, once upon a time when I was very active in 
 the Grand Chapter and had been for some seven or eight years 
 prior to that, there was a vacancy in the position of Deputy 
 Grand High Priest. Being at that time the next in line — as 
 it was called — from New York, I naturally aspired to the 
 position, and the Companions accepted these aspirations and 
 said they would see them carried out. I expected to be pres- 
 ent at the Convocation of the Grand Chapter, but business 
 detained me in New York; I was obliged to stay here and 
 attend to some business transactions upon which a great deal 
 depended. I had either to become a professional Mason and 
 an amateur business man, or a professional business man and 
 an amateur Mason. Not being present, I expected my name 
 would not be presented. My feelings you can imagine, after 
 having worked the best I knew for many years, to see the 
 prize almost within my grasp and then to lose it. The Grand 
 Chapter heard the reason why I had been detained, and asked 
 " Why cannot we elect this Companion even if he is absent ? " 
 " Let us see the Constitution." Those whom I supposed were 
 not very warmly attached to my cause were the first to come 
 to the front and search the Constitution to find if there was 
 any legal reason why they should not elect a man to that 
 
288 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 position in his absence. He who was my opponent very gen- 
 erously stepped aside, and I was unanimously elected, al- 
 though I was one hundred and fifty miles away. Now, as we 
 go on striving and working for position, politically, profes- 
 sionally, socially, or in any other branch of life-work, that 
 evidence of kindness among men, many of them almost 
 strangers — because the Grand Chapter changes in its personnel 
 every year — will never be forgotten by me. They understood 
 the situation, and appreciating the fact that if they were in 
 my place how they would feel, very kindly and generously 
 gave me the position of Deputy Grand High Priest, which led 
 to the active honors that have come to me since. Whenever 
 the occasion has been proper I have spoken of it as an evi- 
 dence of that kindliness that runs through that Grand Body, 
 called by David F. Day the " Senate of Free Masonry." A 
 pretty high title to give it ; it might be the Senate of Free 
 Masonry so far as the interpretation of Masonic law and the 
 giving of Masonic precedents are concerned, but the Grand 
 Lodge of this State certainly has had a wider experience, cer- 
 tainly a greater number of cases to pass upon, and is a more 
 lively and energetic body of Masons than the Grand Chapter ; 
 yet the Grand Chapter has proved to me, if there is any dif- 
 ference at all, that the Grand High Priests are kind men; 
 charitable men in their thoughts ; men who are willing to work 
 and willing to share ; willing to assist each other in the ordi- 
 nary walks of life and make life pleasanter for having known 
 them. To that extent I beHeve it to be one of the most agree- 
 able bodies of Masonry I was ever connected with. I pay 
 this tribute here to the Past Grand High Priests for the influ- 
 ence they have exerted for all these years over the conduct 
 of Royal Arch Masonry in the State of New York. 
 
 Companions of Jerusalem Chapter, let me say to you, your 
 reputation in all the Chapters of the State where I have been 
 has always been that of as good as any, if not better, for the 
 reason that you have exemplified in your own Chapter that 
 very key to all that is best in Royal Arch Masonry — kindly 
 and generous feeling one to another. It is among my pleas- 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 289 
 
 antest remembrances that one of the Past High Priests of 
 this Chapter, Excellent Companion Charles Roome, was one 
 of my eariiest Masonic friends. I learned to love him. I 
 stood by him, and I have always been proud and glad of it. 
 He came to me with some of the members of Jerusalem Chap- 
 ter, and I believe did much to shape my Masonic career. 
 
 I am .proud to be with you this evening. I congratulate 
 you upon your one hundredth anniversary. I hope there will 
 be one hundred years hence as large a Chapter, if not a more 
 useful body of men than you are to-day. It only remains to 
 hand down from sire to son the traditions of the excellence of 
 your organization that have been handed down to you. The 
 outcome will be that they, one hundred years from now, will 
 be as proud of their organization as you are to-day. 
 
 I thank you for listening so patiently to this rambling talk, 
 but believe me I have been working very hard this evening in 
 other quarries. [Great applause.] 
 
 The High Priest 
 Companions : 
 
 Our celebration has now come to an end. We are about 
 to depart. We shall not meet again upon an occasion like this, 
 and if we should never meet in our own Chapter, which we 
 call " Jerusalem the Beautiful," may we all meet, at the last 
 day, as Companions in " Jerusalem the Golden." [Great en- 
 thusiasm.] 
 
 The Companions then struck up the song " Auld Lang 
 Syne," which was sung with great gusto. 
 
 Great enthusiasm was aroused by Bishop Potter's allu- 
 sion to the desirability of having the Masonic fraternity 
 erect one of the massive columns to be placed within the 
 chancel of the grand Cathedral now being built on Morn- 
 ingside Heights, and at the following convocation after 
 the dinner a committee, consisting of the Past High Priests 
 of the Chapter, was appointed to take this matter in hand 
 
290 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 and endeavor to raise the money to pay for one of the 
 columns. Perhaps it will go down to the credit of Jerusa- 
 lem Chapter during the next century that she was the 
 leader in the accomplishment of this noble object. 
 
 At the convocation held September 15th Excellent Com- 
 panion John R. Gardner was presented with a Grand Chap- 
 ter apron, he having received an appointment as Grand 
 Representative of the Grand Chapter of Wisconsin near 
 the Grand Chapter of New York. 
 
 A notable convocation was held December 2d, when the 
 Royal Arch Degree was conferred upon a large class. 
 
 The convocations of the Chapter were largely attended 
 throughout the year, and although the membership was 
 not increased by the addition of one hundred members, as 
 suggested by the High Priest as a fitting memorial of the 
 centennial year and a test of the standard of the loyalty 
 of the members, still a very creditable record was made. 
 
 Forty-five candidates were exalted, three affiliated, and 
 one was restored. There were sixteen elected candidates 
 left over. The membership was increased to three hun- 
 dred and sixty-six, the largest in the history of the Chapter. 
 
 Among the candidates proposed and elected, but who 
 failed to receive the degrees, were two eminent citizens of 
 New York City, viz., Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, United 
 States Senator, and Colonel Joel B. Erhardt, former Col- 
 lector of the Port of New York. Other notable candidates 
 for the year were Ruel Whitcomb Poor, banker; Colonel 
 Mason A. Stone, President of the Greenwich Insurance 
 Company; Charles N. Morgan, a prominent lawyer; Amos 
 H. Stephens, an officer of the Seventy-first Regiment in the 
 Spanish-American War, and several well-known physicians. 
 The receipts were $3,060.71, and the expenses, not includ- 
 ing $500 drawn from the Permanent Fund toward defray- 
 ing the expenses of the celebration, were $2,818.80. Four 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 291 
 
 members were added to the life membership class, making 
 eighty subscribers to the fund. The balance in the General 
 Fund at the annual convocation was $533.25. In accord- 
 ance with Section i, Article IV., of the By-laws, the sum 
 of $33.25 was added to the Permanent Fund, which in- 
 creased the fund to $3,837.22. The impairment of the 
 Permanent Fund as representing the payments of eighty 
 members was thus only a trifle more than $150. Sixty- 
 seven life members were reported by the Secretary as still 
 living, but this number includes those who have been placed 
 in the life membership class under the provisions of Article 
 III. of the By-laws. 
 
 The annual convocation was attended by the greatest 
 number in the history of the Chapter. It was a remarkable 
 coincidence that there were exactly one hundred members 
 of the Chapter in attendance. 
 
 The annual election of ofificers resulted in the choice of 
 Companions Thomas Cutwater Bell, High Priest; William 
 P. Martin, King; Henry W. Remington, Scribe; Charles 
 A. Whitney, Treasurer, and Samuel C. Wilson, Secretary. 
 The appointed ofificers were: Frank H. Richmond, Cap- 
 tain of the Host; James Chambers, Principal Sojourner; 
 Charles E. Thompson, Royal Arch Captain; Edwin C. 
 Swezy, Master of the Third Vail; David Banks, Jr., Master 
 of the Second Vail; George W. Berrian, Master of the First 
 Vail; George Skinner, Sentinel. These officers were in- 
 stalled by M.-.E.-. Companion George E. W. Stivers, P. G. 
 H. P. 
 
 Companion Tresidder was bom in the town of Camborne, 
 County of Cornwall, England, November 22, 1842. The 
 Tresidders are one of the oldest families of the county, which 
 is attested by the well-known lines : 
 
 By Tre, Pol, and Pen 
 
 You may know the Cornishraen. 
 
292 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 His father, in 1848, in common with many others during 
 that revolutionary year, having suffered great financial loss, 
 sold his property, and brought his family, with the remnant of 
 his fortune, to America, hoping to retrieve in the New World 
 what he had lost in the Old. 
 
 He purposed to stay in New York, but was persuaded to 
 go to Wisconsin, where he bought land in Milwaukee, and 
 began to build, but being seized of the fever and ague he 
 resolved to go where the climate was better, and where he 
 could regain his health. He thereupon disposed of his prop- 
 erty and moved his family into the State of Michigan, and 
 settled in the beautiful village of Sault Ste. Marie, situate at 
 the foot of Lake Superior. From that time until he retired 
 from business, he lived at different places on the shore of the 
 magnificent lake, and was engaged in mining and building 
 operations in the counties of Houghton and Keweenah. 
 
 Companion Tresidder attended the public school at Sault 
 Ste. Marie, where he learned the rudiments of education, 
 which were afterward extended and improved by private tui- 
 tion. He had made up his mind when a boy to become a law- 
 yer when he became a man. To this end his studies were di- 
 rected. He was a voluminous reader and hard student. He 
 read history, novels, poetry, and rhetoric. In order to pre- 
 pare himself to enter the University of Michigan, he attended 
 the Union Seminary at Ypsilanti, where he studied Greek, 
 Latin, history, and intellectual philosophy under the cele- 
 brated Professor Estabrooke. At his graduation, he delivered 
 an address in the Union Hall, which was received with so 
 much favor that it was deemed worthy of publication. It was 
 accordingly published in full in the Ypsilanti Sentinel. 
 
 While at the seminary he studied so hard that he fell ill, and 
 his father came and carried him away to Lake Superior, where 
 he soon became convalescent; but it was deemed unwise for 
 him to go to the University. It was decided, at last, that he 
 should go abroad, and, if he found conditions favorable, enter 
 the University of Oxford. 
 
 He went to England at the close of the war for the Union, 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 293 
 
 where he found the sentiment so bitter against the North that 
 he rehnquished the idea of a collegiate course, and resolved 
 to return to the United States, and, when prepared, to apply 
 for admission to the Bar. He remained abroad one year, 
 which he spent in travelling and laying the basis for acquir- 
 ing German, French, and Italian. 
 
 Soon after his arrival in New York, he studied law in the 
 office of the Hon. Peter Y. Cutler, at No. 5 Wall Street. He 
 was admitted to the New York Bar in February, 1866, and 
 entered immediately upon the practice of his profession. 
 
 Companion Tresidder was made a Mason in Concord 
 Lodge, No. 50, in 187 1. He afterward affiliated with Stella 
 Lodge, No. 484, and was Master in 1885. He subsequently. 
 May 29, 1888, united with Kane Lodge, No. 454, of which he 
 is still a member. He received the Royal Arch Degree in 
 Jerusalem Chapter, December 4, 1891. He was appointed 
 Principal Sojourner in 1896 and 1897. His work in this office 
 was very impressive. Companion Potter remarked at the 
 banquet-table after his exaltation that he was unable to ad- 
 dress the officers at that time by their official titles, but if he 
 were to name the Principal Sojourner he should by all means 
 give him the title of " Most Excellent Sojourner." Com- 
 panion Tresidder was elected King in 1898, and was chosen 
 High Priest for the centennial year. He was knighted in 
 Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, April 13, 1894. He 
 served as Junior Warden in 1896 and 1897. Here, again, in 
 the part of Zerubbabel, his rendition of the work was dra- 
 matic and of unusual excellence. 
 
 He was elected Eminent Commander in May, 1898, and 
 served in that office until May, 1899. He has also been 
 active in other organizations, especially in the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows, of which he is a Past Grand Master of 
 the State of New York. He is a churchman in religion, and 
 a republican in politics. He is a member of the Republican 
 Club of the City of New York, of the Liederkranz Club, of the 
 New York Law Institute, and a Fellow of the American 
 Geographical Society. 
 
294 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Companion Tresidder always holds the attention of his 
 hearers when addressing them upon any subject, for they are 
 sure to hear something that will be instructive. He has a 
 fund of anecdote, and is particularly happy in using it to give 
 pith and point to his subject. He is thoroughly familiar with 
 the philosophy of the various degrees, and has probably done 
 more than any one of the Past High Priests to turn the 
 thoughts of the Companions toward the deeper things in the 
 ritual. 
 
CHAPTER LXXIV. 
 
 Our Secretaries 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter has had thirty-six Secretaries during 
 its one hundred years. The terms of twenty-eight of those 
 who filled this office extended over a period of thirty-six years, 
 while the combined terms of the remaining eight cover sixty- 
 four years' service. Several of the Companions have filled 
 unexpired terms whose names do not appear on the official list. 
 
 For the first twenty-five years there was no salary attached 
 to the office, and it was difficult to find a Companion to fill it 
 for a longer time than one year. 
 
 The first one who officiated longer than one or two terms was 
 Companion William Belden, who was elected for the first term 
 in 1826. For six years he served the Chapter most acceptably. 
 
 Twenty-five years later another good Secretary was elected 
 — Companion John F. Robinson, in 1852. He served the 
 Chapter faithfully for seven years, and at a period when 
 there was a large volume of business transacted. The entries 
 were more voluminous for those seven years than they had 
 been for the previous twenty-five years. But Companion 
 Robinson never slighted his work. Everything that was said 
 and done during those trying years was faithfully recorded, so 
 that the fullest information is at hand regarding the trans- 
 actions of the Chapter. 
 
 In 1859 a new Companion came to the front who left a 
 marvellous record — Charles W. Sy. For twenty-eight years 
 he was regularly elected to this office. Companion Sy pos- 
 sessed every qualification for the position. His penmanship 
 was clear and legible. His records were entered with sys- 
 tematic method, so that it was possible for one to readily find 
 the entry sought for. It was quite an unusual thing for him 
 
 29s 
 
296 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ever to be absent from the convocations. He was punctual 
 in attendance, and very prompt in sending out notices or com- 
 munications. He knew personally every member of the Chap- 
 ter, and was in amicable relationship with all. He had great 
 tact in his dealings with the members, and always presented 
 to each a cheerful demeanor and a cordial welcome. His death 
 in 1886 was a heavy blow to the Chapter and a personal loss 
 to every Companion. 
 
 The Chapter has a worthy successor in our present Secre- 
 tary, Companion Samuel C. Wilson, who is now serving his 
 fourth year. 
 
 Companion Wilson is a member and Past Master of Henry 
 Clay Lodge, No. 279. He was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter 
 in 1891, and was elected Secretary in 1895. He was knighted 
 in Coeur de Lion Commandery in 1896, and was elected its 
 Recorder in 1897. 
 
 Companion Wilson is a native of New York City. On leav- 
 ing school he secured employment with the New York Central 
 Railroad, and is now in a highly responsible position in the 
 ticket office of that great corporation. 
 
 If the Secretaries for the first half of the century had exer- 
 cised as much care to have the minutes as fully and faithfully 
 recorded as those have for the last half, this volume would 
 undoubtedly contain many additional interesting facts. 
 
y^%^^^ 
 
fe^ 
 
CHAPTER LXXV. 
 Our Treasurers 
 
 Honest, faithful, and efficient Treasurers are most valuable 
 officers in any society. With one or two exceptions the Com- 
 panions who have filled this office in Jerusalem Chapter have 
 been such. Twenty-five Companions have served the Chapter 
 in this capacity, eleven of whom were Past High Priests ; an 
 evidence that some at least of those who have received the 
 highest honor in the gift of the Chapter have shown their will- 
 ingness to continue to give the Chapter the benefit of their 
 experience and judgment. 
 
 Companions de la Pierre and King filled this office with 
 faithfulness and ability for many years. 
 
 The present Treasurer, Companion Charles A. Whitney, is 
 now serving his eleventh year. 
 
 Companion Whitney is an officer of the East River Savings 
 Institution, No. 3 Chambers Street, and is therefore enabled to 
 render the Chapter the best kind of service in seeing that the 
 accounts are regularly deposited and looked after. He is a 
 member of Kane Lodge, and has been Treasurer of that power- 
 ful Lodge for sixteen years. 
 
 297 
 
CHAPTER LXXVI. 
 Our Sentinel 
 
 Companion George Skinner, the Sentinel of the Chapter, 
 has a marvellous record. He was born in Connecticut in 1822, 
 and moved to Massillon, Ohio, at a youthful age. He was 
 raised in Clinton Lodge, No. 47, of that town in 1844, and 
 removed to New York the same year. Shortly after his. re- 
 moval to New York he obtained a position in the Custom- 
 house. He was exalted in Ancient Chapter, No. i, in 1847. 
 He was a charter member and the first Master of Ocean 
 Lodge, in 1849. He affiliated with Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, 
 in 1850, for the reason that Ancient Chapter had been sus- 
 pended by the Grand Chapter. He was Captain of the Host 
 in 1851-52-53-55-56-57-58. He was elected Scribe in 1859, 
 but immediately resigned and was appointed Sentinel, to 
 which office he has since been appointed each recurring year. 
 
 Companion Skinner was a charter member of Kane Lodge, 
 No. 454. He has filled the position of Tyler of that Lodge 
 for thirty-three years. He has been the Tyler of Holland 
 Lodge for thirty-nine years, and he has also been the Sen- 
 tinel of Coeur de Lion Commandery for over forty years. He 
 was appointed Grand Pursuivant of the Grand Lodge in 1849, 
 and, with the exception of a few years, has filled that office 
 up to the present time. 
 
 Companion Skinner is a model Tyler. He is ever at his 
 post. Always genial in manner, he is on good terms with 
 everyone who is accustomed to visit the various apartments 
 of the Temple. 
 
 Note. — Since writing the above our old and faithful friend and Companion 
 has received that final summons from the Grand High Priest of Heaven and Earth 
 which we must all sooner or later obey. He was taken ill with a severe attack 
 of pneumonia, Saturday, February lo, 1900, and passed away on the morning of 
 the 14th. He was buried with Masonic honors on Friday, February i6th, by the 
 officers and members of Kane Lodge. The services were held in the Collegiate 
 Church, One Hundred and Twenty-first Street near Second Avenue, in the pres- 
 ence of a large gathering of the brethren. 
 
 298 
 
CHAPTER LXXVII. 
 Conclusion 
 
 This volume contains as complete a record of the trans- 
 actions of Jerusalem Chapter for the century which has 
 just passed into history as the minutes afford. Doubtless 
 some things have happened which, at the time they oc- 
 curred, were considered of vital importance by the mem- 
 bers of the Chapter, but which they deemed unwise to 
 commit to paper. 
 
 It must be remembered that in the early years of Free- 
 masonry it was thought to be highly improper to allow 
 more than the barest details to be entered in the minutes. 
 The records of Jerusalem Chapter are more voluminous 
 than those of some other Masonic bodies of equal age; 
 otherwise it would have been impossible to make this vol- 
 ume as replete as it is. 
 
 Some traditions have come down the years which are 
 not in accordance with the facts, but they have not been 
 referred to specifically, for it has been the aim of the com- 
 piler to marshal the facts only and present them in orderly 
 array. 
 
 With reference to the biography of those officers and 
 
 members who have been mentioned by name, events in 
 
 their lives equally as stirring and full of interest as those 
 
 which have been recorded could with propriety have been 
 
 given a place within these covers. Undoubtedly some 
 
 of these references would have given the book greater 
 
 vivacity. 
 
 299 
 
300 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Enough has been set forth to furnish those who desire 
 the information with a complete reference-book which 
 contains everything of essential value relative to the his- 
 tory of Jerusalem Chapter and of its presiding officers. 
 Those items of contemporaneous history which here and 
 there have been interspersed may prompt the reader to 
 seek for further information in the works from which ex- 
 tracts were taken; in such a case their value will be 
 enhanced. 
 
 It has been seen that the Chapter has had seasons of 
 great prosperity as well as periods of dire adversity; some- 
 times the former have been equally as dangerous as the 
 latter. 
 
 Certain Companions are so short-sighted that they can- 
 not see anything but good in a large influx of candidates 
 and the increased work which their entrance into the Chap- 
 ter entails. They contend that each candidate exalted 
 makes Royal Arch Masonry so much stronger numerically, 
 and that his fees and dues place so much additional money 
 to the credit of the working capital of the Chapter, and that 
 the Order must be strengthened thereby. Their argument 
 is fallacious, for money and numbers alone will never suc- 
 ceed in promulgating the principles of the Order. The 
 brethren have made it easy for unthinking and unprin- 
 cipled men to be admitted into the Masonic fraternity, and 
 the Companions of the Royal Craft have made it still easier 
 for these same men to enter the ranks of Royal Arch Ma- 
 sons. Many instances can be named whereby these Com- 
 panions have used the Chapter as a mere stepping-stone 
 to lift them higher into the Commandery and from there 
 into the Mystic Shrine. No matter how carefully and con- 
 scientiously the officers may endeavor to teach the prin- 
 ciples of Royal Arch Masonry, the instruction which they 
 try to impart will no more take root in the minds of these 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 301 
 
 thoughtless Companions than seed sown on the sands of 
 the desert. It behooves those who sincerely respect the 
 principles set forth in the Constitution and Ritual of Royal 
 Arch Masonry to be doubly watchful in these times when 
 large numbers of the brethren of the Ancient Craft are 
 seeking adtnission to the mysteries of the Royal Art. 
 
 Let the same conservatism which has been manifested 
 in the past still prevail in Jerusalem Chapter at least. Thus 
 will the dangers of too great a prosperity be successfully 
 avoided. 
 
 The crises of adversity in the Chapter have been cour- 
 ageously met and successfully borne. Never a one has 
 occurred which did not find enough faithful ones to carry 
 on the work. Never a year has passed that did not find 
 them trying to meet oftener than the Constitution requires. 
 The least number of meetings held in any one year was 
 six. This speaks well for the fidelity of the Companions. 
 Through their zeal the splendid heritage of one hundred 
 years has now come into the possession of the Companions 
 of the present day. May they and their successors of the 
 incoming century prize this heritage as highly, guard it 
 as faithfully, and present it as unsullied one hundred years 
 hence. 
 
 The names of more than sixteen hundred Companions 
 have been placed upon the rolls of the Chapter during the 
 past century. It would be presumptuous to say that all 
 were " good men and true," but the record of a vast ma- 
 jority of them is as an open book. They have been men 
 of high character and good reputation; many have been 
 and others still are in the forefront in the development of 
 afifairs in this great city, and have lived useful lives in the 
 sphere in which they moved. A large majority of our 
 Companions have dropped the working tools of life and 
 have been admitted within the Vails of the Celestial Tab- 
 
302 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 ernacle, into the presence of the Grand Council of Heaven, 
 there to have the mysteries of life revealed to them, in 
 which their participation here was so little understood. 
 Within that invisible tabernacle, the great principles of the 
 Order so poorly taught and faintly apprehended here, are 
 now by them fully comprehended. As Mark Masters they 
 now know what the wage of faithful service means. The 
 prompt response to the appeal of a destitute brother, and 
 the sacred character of an agreement between man and 
 man, are no longer depicted to them as mere ceremonies. 
 In the completion of their earthly tabernacle and the dedica- 
 tion of themselves — body, soul, and spirit — to the Grand 
 High Priest of the Universe, they have witnessed a ceremony 
 the grandeur of which far surpasses the dedication of that 
 famous Temple of Solomon so feebly commemorated here. 
 The work of rebuilding the Second Temple by these 
 Companions is finished. In a real sense they have been re- 
 leased from the bondage of sin to which they were carried 
 away captive, and with the signet of truth stamped upon 
 their hearts, and with the approval of the Grand Council, 
 they have passed within the Vails of the Unseen Temple. 
 May their devotion be an incentive to those who remain, 
 as well as to those who may come within the sacred pre- 
 cincts of our tabernacle during the century to come, to be 
 truer companions to each other, to think purer thoughts, 
 to live nobler lives, and to work harder in learning and 
 expounding the principles of Royal Arch Masonry. Let 
 each remember that the ceremony of erecting the Second 
 Temple is emblematical of the life to come. Therefore let 
 each erect the temple of his present life so that at the last 
 he can truly repeat the words of the psalmist, " Thy statutes 
 have been my song in the house of my pilgrimage." Then, 
 when the storms of life have cleared away; when the fade- 
 less flowers of Faith, Hope, and Charity shall forever 
 
HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 303 
 
 bloom upon the regenerate earth; when the songs of the 
 New Jerusalem shall be perpetually wafted to our ears — 
 may these spiritual buildings of ours, perfected there and 
 made eternal, be granted a place in " the City which hath 
 foundations whose builder and maker is God." 
 
 In conclusion the compiler of this volume desires to ten- 
 der the meed of praise due to those who have rendered him 
 kindly assistance in the preparation of the history of the 
 Chapter. To Companion Peter Ross, LL.D., Historian 
 of the Grand Lodge, he is indebted for personal efforts in 
 our behalf as well as for valuable information gleaned from 
 his admirable History of Freemasonry in New York. To 
 Colonel Ehlers, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, for 
 a number of courtesies granted. To Excellent Companion 
 Postley, of Phoenix Chapter, No. 2, custodian of the records 
 of that Chapter, for permission to have access to those 
 records. To Messrs. George P. Ludlam, Superintendent 
 of the New York Hospital, and John S. Brownne, Superin- 
 tendent of the Academy of Medicine, for information with 
 reference to Dr. Richard Pennell. To Companion David L 
 Jackson, Master of Holland Lodge, for the loan of por- 
 traits of Past High Priests of the Chapter, and to the 
 following Past High Priests of the Chapter: R.-.E.. Com- 
 panion Ferguson, M.-.E.-. Companion Stivers, and E.. Com- 
 panions Hinds, Downes, Brown, and Tresidder, for valuable 
 information, advice, and other assistance. 
 
o 
 o 
 
 M 
 
BY-LAWS 
 
 OF 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, Royal Arch Masons 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 STATED CONVOCATIONS. 
 
 Tlie stated convocations of this Chapter shall be held on the first 
 and third Fridays of each month. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Section i. Every petition for exaltation or for affiliation shall be 
 presented at a stated convocation, and referred to the council officers. 
 They shall ascertain the qualifications of all candidates and report 
 thereon, in writing, favorably or unfavorably, at a subsequent stated 
 convocation of the Chapter. 
 
 Sec. 2. A candidate elected for exaltation must present himself to 
 receive the degree of Mark Master Mason within three months after his 
 election, and each affiliate elected must complete his membership within 
 three months after notice from the Secretary of the receipt of his dimit 
 by the Chapter. The time above limited may be extended by a majority 
 vote of the members present at any stated convocation. 
 
 Sec. 3. Each member, upon perfecting his membership, shall be 
 furnished by the Secretary with a copy of the Constitution of the 
 Grand Chapter and of these By-laws. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 DUES. 
 
 Sec. I. Each candidate for exaltation shall pay thirty dollars be- 
 fore receiving the degree of Mark Master Mason. 
 
 Sec. 2. Each candidate for affiliation shall pay ten dollars before 
 subscribing to the By-laws. 
 
 Sec. 3. The yearly dues of each member (except honorary and life 
 members). Secretary, Organist, and Sentinel, shall be five dollars, 
 payable at the annual convocation. The dues of new members shall 
 
 30s 
 
3o6 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 commence on the first day of June or December following the com- 
 pletion of their membership. 
 
 Sec. 4. Any member may commute for all future annual dues by 
 payment of fifty dollars at one time and his dues to date of said pay- 
 ment, and become a life member. Any member who has paid annual 
 dues for fifteen consecutive years may commute for all future annual 
 dues by payment of twenty-five dollars at one time and his dues to 
 date of such payment, and become a life member. Such members 
 shall be entitled to receive a certificate of such exemption, duly certi- 
 fied by the proper officers, and an entry thereof shall be made of the 
 same in the records of the Chapter. A member who has paid life 
 dues and afterward withdraws from the Chapter shall not forfeit his 
 rights under this section if re-elected to membership. A member hav- 
 ing paid dues for twenty-five consecutive years shall be forever after 
 exempt from annual dues. 
 
 Sec. 5. A member in arrears for two or more years' dues, may, after 
 being duly summoned, be suspended by a majority vote of the members 
 present at a stated convocation. 
 
 Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the High Priest to summon any 
 companion who may be in arrears for two years' dues, or report the 
 case to the Chapter for its consideration. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 FUNDS. 
 
 Sec. I. All moneys of the Chapter shall be divided into two funds, 
 viz.: a Permanent Fund and a General Fund. The Permanent Fund 
 shall consist of all the moneys now in that fund, together with such 
 additional sums as are from time to time paid into the Chapter for 
 life dues, or from other sources designated for that purpose. All in- 
 terest derived from this fund may be paid into the General Fund of 
 the Chapter, but no part of the principal shall be so used. The General 
 Fund shall consist of all moneys of the Chapter not otherwise specified. 
 All moneys in excess of five hundred dollars shall be transferred to 
 the Permanent Fund at the annual convocation. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Permanent Funds of the Chapter shall be invested by 
 the Trustees, in United States, New York State, or New York City 
 and County interest-bearing bonds, or on bond secured by a first 
 mortgage on real estate in the cities of New York or Brooklyn. The 
 amount so loaned on real estate shall in no case exceed sixty per cent, 
 of the appraised value thereof. All investments shall stand in the 
 names of the Trustees as such. All uninvested moneys, of the Perma- 
 nent Fund, shall be deposited in a savings bank or trust company, in 
 the name of the Chapter, and withdrawn only on a warrant under the 
 signatures of a majority of the Trustees. 
 
BY-LAWS 307 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Sec. I. There shall be elected at the annual convocation of the 
 Chapter a High Priest, King, Scribe, Treasurer, and Secretary, in 
 accordance with Article II. of the Constitution of the Grand Chapter 
 of the State of New York; also three Trustees, in accordance with 
 Chapter 317 of the Laws of 1866 of the State of New York, and 
 amendments thereof. The Board of Trustees shall be so organized 
 that there shall be one vacancy to be balloted for at each annual con- 
 vocation, and each Trustee shall be elected for the term of three years. 
 Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Trustees shall be filled for the 
 unexpired term, by ballot, at the first stated convocation of the Chapter 
 thereafter, duly summoned for that purpose. 
 
 Sec. 2. The appointed officers of the Chapter shall be the Captain 
 of the Host, Principal Sojourner, Royal Arch Captain, Masters of 
 the Third, Second, and First Vails, Sentinel, Organist, and such other 
 officers as the High Priest may see fit to appoint. 
 
 Sec. 3. No member shall be eligible for election or appointment 
 to any office, or vote at any election, while in arrears for dues. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 
 
 Sec. I. The High Priest, King, and Scribe shall perform such 
 duties as are prescribed by the Constitution of the Grand Chapter. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Secretary shall record the proceedings of the Chapter, 
 receive all moneys due the Chapter, and pay the same without delay 
 to the Treasurer, taking his receipt therefor; keep an accurate account 
 of all dues and fees, and prepare and present at the annual convoca- 
 tion a list of all members in arrears to the Chapter; report the amount 
 of money received at each meeting, and from whom; notify members, 
 and such others as the High Priest may direct, of all convocations; 
 furnish in writing to each member of every committee a list of the 
 same, and a short abstract of the business for which they are appointed. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Treasurer shall receive from the Secretary all moneys 
 paid into the Chapter, and deposit the same without delay to the 
 credit of the Chapter in such savings bank or trust company as the 
 Chapter may direct; keep a true and accurate account thereof; pay 
 all bills for which a regular warrant is drawn; also, to submit to the 
 Auditing Committee, on or before the annual convocation, all his 
 books and vouchers for inspection. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Secretary and Treasurer shall render to the Chapter 
 at the annual convocation, and at such other times as the High Priest 
 
308 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 or the Chapter may direct, a full statement of its condition, so far as 
 their respective offices are concerned. 
 
 Sec. S- The Trustees shall have charge of the securities and all 
 other property of the Chapter, and perform such other duties as may 
 from time to time be confided to them. They shall report in writing, 
 on all matters relating to their trust, at the annual convocation, and 
 whenever directed by the High Priest or the Chapter. 
 
 Sec. 6. No Trustee shall be eligible to the office of Treasurer, 
 Secretary, or member of the Auditing Committee. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 SALARIES. 
 
 The Secretary, Organist, and Sentinel, for the faithful performance 
 of their several duties, shall receive such compensation as the Chapter 
 may direct at the annual convocation. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 COMMITTEES. 
 
 There shall be two Standing Committees, viz. : Auditing Committee 
 and Album and History Committee. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 AUDITING COMMITTEE. 
 
 The Auditing Committee shall consist of three members appointed 
 by the High Priest at each annual convocation. The duty of this 
 committee shall be to examine and audit all bills referred to it; also 
 to examine the finances of the Chapter, inspect the books, the reports, 
 and accounts of the Treasurer, Secretary, and Trustees, and report 
 thereon at the annual convocation, and at such other times as the 
 High Priest or the Chapter may direct. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 ALBUM AND HISTORY COMMITTEE. 
 
 Sec. I. The Album and History Committee shall consist of three 
 members appointed by the High Priest at each annual convocation. 
 
 Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of this committee to procure a photo- 
 graph of each member of the Chapter and preserve it in a Chapter 
 Album. It shall also be its duty to collect and compile the Masonic 
 
BY-LAWS 309 
 
 history of every member in suitable Chapter records, and to present 
 in writing, at each annual convocation, an historical account of the 
 Chapter during the year preceding such annual convocation. 
 
 ARTICLE XL 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 Sec. I. There shall not be expended during any Masonic year a 
 greater sum than the amount paid into the General Fund during said 
 year, except upon a two-thirds vote of the members present at a con- 
 vocation of the Chapter summoned for the purpose of taking action 
 thereon. 
 
 Sec. 2. The High Priest may, in emergent cases, disburse an amount 
 not to exceed ten dollars in any one case for charity. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 AMENDMENTS. 
 
 Sec. I. There shall be no amendment or repeal of these By-laws 
 except upon a written proposition submitted at a stated convocation, 
 entered in the minutes, and a copy thereof sent to the members. 
 
 Sec. 2. Such proposition shall be acted upon at a subsequent con- 
 vocation summoned for that purpose. 
 
 Sec. 3. No By-law can be amended or repealed unless two-thirds 
 of the members present vote in favor of such amendment or repeal. 
 
 Sec. 4. No part of these By-laws relating to the Permanent Fund 
 shall be amended or repealed except upon the written consent of a 
 majority of the members of the Chapter. 
 
 ORDER OF BUSINESS 
 
 I, 
 2. 
 3 
 
 4. 
 5 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 II 
 12. 
 
 Calling Roll of Officers. 
 
 Reading Minutes last convocation. 
 
 Sickness and distress. 
 
 Reports on candidates. 
 
 Balloting for candidates. 
 
 Propositions or Applications for Membership. 
 
 Conferring Degrees. 
 
 Reports of Special Committees. 
 
 Other Reports. 
 
 Reading Communications. 
 
 Miscellaneous Business. 
 
 Reading and Approving Minutes. 
 
310 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 MEMBERS OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Who have received elective or appointive offices in Grand Lodge, 
 Grand or General Grand Chapter, Grand Council, Grand Com- 
 mandery, or Grand Encampment, before, during, or after their member- 
 ship in this Chapter; the offices designated being the highest attained 
 by the various companions : 
 
 GRAND LODGE. 
 
 James M. Austin, Grand Secretary. 
 
 Robert R. Boyd, Grand Secretary. 
 
 Oscar Coles, Grand Master. 
 
 Charles L. Church, Grand Treasurer. 
 
 John J. Crane, Grand Master. 
 
 Joseph D. Evans, Grand Master. 
 
 George W. Hyer, Grand Treasurer. 
 
 James Herring, Jr., Grand Secretary. 
 
 William T. Hunter, Grand Steward. 
 
 James E. Morrison, Grand Marshal. 
 
 RoUin M. Morgan, Grand Marshal. 
 
 James W. Powell, Grand Secretary. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, Grand Chaplain. 
 
 Charles Roome, Grand Master. 
 
 George Skinner, Grand Pursuivant. 
 
 J. Edward Simmons, Grand Master. 
 
 Horace S. Taylor, Grand Master. 
 
 John Van Buren, Grand Senior Warden. 
 
 GRAND CHAPTER. 
 
 James M. Austin, General Grand High Priest. 
 
 Robert R. Boyd, Grand High Priest. 
 
 Oscar Coles, Deputy Grand High Priest. 
 
 Charles L. Church, Grand High Priest. 
 
 Asa Child, Grand High Priest Connecticut. 
 
 James F. Ferguson, Grand Master of the Second Vail. 
 
 Joel Hart, Deputy Grand High Priest. 
 
 James Herring, Jr., General Grand Secretary. 
 
 Thomas Lownds, Deputy Grand High Priest. 
 
 William F. Livermore, Grand Master of the First Vail. 
 
 James E. Morrison, Grand High Priest. 
 
 Richard Pennell, Grand High Priest. 
 
 James W. Powell, Deputy Grand High Priest. 
 
 George E. W. Stivers, Grand High Priest. 
 
 Horace S. Taylor, Grand High Priest. 
 
 John E. West, Grand King. 
 
BY-LAWS 311 
 
 GRAND COUNCIL. 
 
 John F. Baldwin, Grand Master. 
 
 William Downes, Grand Steward. 
 
 Francis Dubaur, Grand Marshal. 
 
 John R. Gardner, Grand Conductor of the Council. 
 
 Frederick Kanter, Grand Master. 
 
 Thomas Lownds, Grand Master. 
 
 Royal G. Millard, Grand Treasurer. 
 
 W. W. Nexsen, Deputy Grand Master. 
 
 William F. Piatt, Grand Master. 
 
 George Skinner, Grand Sentinel. 
 
 Samuel C. Swartz, Deputy Grand Master. 
 
 John Utt, Grand Warden. 
 
 GRAND COMMANDERY. 
 
 Robert R. Boyd, Grand Commander. 
 
 Oscar Coles, Deputy Grand Commander. 
 
 Walter Cutting, Grand Commander Massachusetts and Rhode Island. 
 
 Thomas Dugan, Grand Treasurer. 
 
 Albert G. Goodall, Deputy Grand Commander. 
 
 James Herring, Jr., Grand Generalissimo Grand Encampment 
 
 William T. Hunter, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 
 Herman R. Kretschmar, Grand Warder. 
 
 Thomas Lownds, General Grand Warder Grand Encampment. 
 
 John A. Mapes, Grand Commander. 
 
 Charles Roome, Grand Master Grand Encampment. 
 
 William F. Piatt, Grand Commander. 
 
 Richard Pennell, Grand Senior Warden. 
 
 Oliver Whittlesey, Grand Senior Warden. 
 
A LIST OF THE MEMBERS 
 
 OF 
 
 Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, Royal Arch Masons 
 
 OF THE CITY OF NEW. YORK 
 From its Foundation, February 6, jygg, to December 31, iSgg 
 
 Note. — Names in Capitals, Past High Priests of Jerusalem Chapter. 
 
 1799 Adams, William 
 
 1799 Archer, Ananias 
 
 1808 Andrews, Thomas 
 
 i8og Allen, Richard 
 
 1811 Anastassi, Josejph 
 
 1812 Antonio, Francis 
 
 1813 Allen, Prudden 
 
 1816 Anderson, George W. 
 
 1818 Arno, James 
 
 1821 Andrews, William 
 
 1822 ARNOLD, GEORGE 
 
 1823 Angiere, Samuel F. 
 
 1824 Allyn, Francis 
 
 1824 Alberson, Daniel 
 
 1825 Amsbury, Jabez A. 
 1825 Allen, George W. 
 
 1825 Adams, Charles 
 
 1826 Anstice, Moses 
 
 1826 Ames, Isaac 
 
 1827 Ayres, William 
 
 1831 Andrews, Alexander 
 
 1837 Atterbury, Robert B. 
 
 1840 Alcock, James 
 
 1847 ACKERMAN, GEORGE 
 
 1849 Andrews, George H. 
 
 1853 Ayres, Robert 
 
 1855 Allen, William 
 
 1862 Abbott, R. O. 
 
 1862 Austin, James M. 
 
 1864 Anthon, George C. 
 
 1864 Allen, Charles D. 
 
 1865 Angell, John C. 
 
 1866 Adams, Henry M. 
 1866 Atwater, William H. 
 1868 Andrews, John R. 
 i86g Ackert, Alfred T. 
 1870 Andrews, Thomas, Jr. 
 1876 Arnold, Glover C. 
 1876 Arnold, Robert T. 
 1880 Austin, Lewis H. 
 1882 Arthur, Charles S. 
 
 1885 Alley, William S. 
 
 1886 Anthon, Edward 
 
 1887 Acker, J. Frederick 
 1887 Andrews, Lilian Herbert 
 3887 Allen, William 
 
 18S7 Andruss, Charles 
 
 1891 ARMSTRONG, SAMUEL T. 
 
 1894 Andrews, Herbert F. 
 
 1897 Allen, Ralph O. 
 
 1897 Amerman, William F. 
 
 1898 Atkins, John 
 
 1898 Allen, G. Edgar 
 
 1899 Adams, James H. 
 
 1799 Brandt, James W. 
 
 1799 Burtsell, Peter 
 
 1800 Bennett, James 
 
 1802 Brown, Andrew 
 
 1803 Bell, James L. 
 
 1804 Baker, Stephen 
 1807 Burrill, William C. 
 1807 Beach, Daniel 
 1807 Blakewell, William 
 1807 Brown, Bush G. 
 1809 Byrns, Mathew 
 1809 Bremner, Andrew 
 1812 Baxter, Stephen 
 
 1812 Bellamey, Anthony 
 
 1813 Betts, Hiram 
 1815 Brown, Horace 
 
 1815 Browning, Thomas P. 
 
 1815 Boyden, Barnard 
 
 181S Bartow, Anthony 
 
 1S17 Boss, Joseph 
 
 1817 Baldwin, Charles N. 
 
 1819 Beeman, Ephraim 
 
 1820 Brewer, Peter 
 
 1821 Borden, R. 
 
 1821 Basley, Henry 
 
 1822 BELDEN, LEWIS 
 1822 Betts, Walter 
 
 1822 Blackwell, Joseph 
 
 1823 Broadbent, Abraham 
 1823 Bindernagell, Jacob 
 
 1823 Baldwin, Joseph D. 
 
 1824 Buckley, William 
 1824 Brett, Theodore F. 
 
 1824 Barriere, Hypolite 
 
 1825 Blossom, Nathaniel 
 1825 Bruen, Gamaliel 
 
 1825 Buckmaster, Thomas H. 
 
 313 
 
314 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 1825 Banks, Williani R. 
 
 1825 Belden, William 
 
 1825 Brewster, Jonathan L. 
 
 1826 Burrell, Benjamin 
 1826 Belden, Daniel 
 1826 Baker, John 
 
 1826 Buckingham, Ed. 
 
 1826 Barstrow, Thomas 
 
 1827 Boggs, William 
 1827 Bingle, Richard H. 
 1829 Bellamy, James S. 
 1831 Balchin, George 
 
 1837 BOYD, ROBERT R, 
 
 1843 Bouer, Frederick 
 
 1843 Beckwith, Joseph P. 
 
 1847 Browning, Ed. 
 
 1847 Bolton, E. C. 
 
 1849 Bishop, Godfrey H. 
 
 1850 Buffum, W. A. 
 
 1851 Burckhardt, Charles B, 
 
 1852 Bolton, John 
 1852 Benjamin, G. B. 
 1852 Bristow, William R. 
 
 1852 Bordman, Philip 
 
 1853 Bamberger, Albert 
 
 1854 Baldwin, John F. 
 
 1854 Buckhout, E. 
 
 1855 Bentley, John 
 1855 Bill, Edward 
 
 1855 Bartlett, Asa H. 
 
 1856 Babcock, Charles B-, Jr. 
 1858 Bell, Molyneux 
 
 1858 Balestier, Joseph N. 
 
 1858 Banks, Henry C. 
 
 1859 Berghause, Julius M. 
 i860 BrevQort, Henry W. 
 i86r Bradbury, Edward G. 
 
 1861 Black, Charles N. 
 
 1862 Bronson, Henry G. 
 1862 Barlow, Samuel L. M. 
 1864 Burns, Walter H. 
 
 1864 Betts, J. Sidney, Jr. 
 
 1865 Bilger, Tames M. 
 
 1865 Black, Edward G. 
 
 1866 Bradford, J. Henry 
 1866 Belcher, Charles S. 
 1866 Bailey, Charles H. 
 j866 Bruno, William S. 
 1866 Bradford, Richard M. 
 1866 Brown, Hervey 
 
 1866 Brown, Charles S. 
 
 1866 Bensell, Joseph 
 
 1866 Boyd, Harkness 
 
 1866 Blakeslevj Charles E. E. 
 
 1866 Bendix, John E. 
 
 1867 Burbank, George M. 
 1867 Bufford, Frank G. 
 
 1867 Bunker, William E. 
 
 1868 Benkard, James 
 1870 Burnett, James J. 
 1870 Burnett, Gilbert J. 
 1870 BlondelK Eugene 
 1870 Boyle, John C. 
 
 1870 Burke, Edward V. 
 
 1871 Browne, Jacob S. 
 
 1872 Barclay, Harrison S. 
 
 1872 Bryce, James, Jr. 
 
 1873 Bulkley, Charles H. 
 1873 Briggs, Newton S. 
 
 1875 Banks, David 
 
 1876 Bloomfield, Charles A. 
 1878 Browne, George B. 
 1880 Banks, David S. 
 
 1880 Bryant, Joseph D. 
 
 1882 Bruno, Richard M. 
 
 1883 Barnes, Davis 
 
 1884 Boll, Adolphus 
 
 1885 Br6wN, GEORGE WHIT- 
 
 FIELD, JR. 
 
 1S85 Bache, William F. 
 
 1887 Bartlett, Samuel C. 
 
 1889 Babbitt, Charles J. 
 
 1889 Brown, H. R. 
 
 1890 Barklow, Benjamin R. 
 
 1890 Brady, Thomas H. 
 
 1891 Burke, Tyree P. 
 1891 Billington, Reno R. 
 
 1891 Booth, Carlos R. 
 
 1892 Butler, Arthur A. 
 1892 Babcock, Frank A. 
 1892 Booth, Thomas C. 
 1892 Berg, Walter G. 
 1892 Brady, James T. 
 
 1894 Bell, Thomas Outwater 
 
 1894 Blackhurst, James F. C. 
 
 1894 Brumley, Avery 
 
 1894 Bogert, Abram B. 
 
 1894 Buckbee, John 
 
 1894 Billings, John H. 
 
 1895 Brumley, William S. 
 189s Bristol, Henry M. 
 
 1896 Burnside, Tames H. 
 
 1896 Bishop, Walter Vail 
 
 1897 Bagot, Peter 
 
 1897 Burrill, Percy Morris 
 
 1897 Bedell, William L. D. 
 
 1897 Brouillet, Charles E. 
 
 1897 Burke, James H. 
 
 1898 Brugmann, Albert F. 
 1898 Baxter, Philip W. 
 
 1898 Barnum, Orrin S. 
 
 1899 Boas, John C. 
 1899 Brown, Charles A. 
 1899 Ball, Samuel F. 
 1899 Berrian, George W. 
 1899 Breingan, Alexander S. 
 1899 Brown, Robert A. 
 
 1899 Banks, David, Jr. 
 
 1799 Cheetham, Benjamin 
 
 1799 Carr, James 
 
 1802 Costello, Thomas 
 
 1804 Cross, John, Jr. 
 
 1805 Curtis, Amos 
 1807 Charles, Robert 
 1807 Crosbie, Richard 
 1807 Cooper, Vernaldus 
 
 1807 Craig, William 
 
 1808 Colhe. David C. 
 1808 Clarke, George 
 1808 Crockett, Ebenezer 
 1808 Cotterall, Thomas 
 1808 Clough, John 
 
 1808 Collier, Frederick 
 
 1809 Cave, Stephen 
 1813 Chiesa, Peter 
 1815 Crany, Daniel 
 1821 Collis, William 
 1821 Cook, James 
 1821 Curtis, Joel 
 
 1821 Coates, John 
 
 1822 Church, Rodney S. 
 
 1822 Carey, Robert 
 
 1823 Clements, Robert D. 
 1823 Cleeve, Charles 
 
 1823 Cook, Edward 
 
LIST OF MEMBERS 
 
 315 
 
 1823 Cutler, John H. 
 
 1824 Crosby, Ransom 
 1824 Cripps, William 
 
 1824 Clegg, Isaac 
 
 1825 Croxson, William W. 
 
 1825 Colton, Nathaniel 
 
 1826 Couch, Hiram 
 1826 Conklin, John 
 
 1826 Chapman, Enoch C 
 
 1826 CoviU, Dennis 
 
 1827 Corneilson, Ab. D. 
 
 1827 Carlisle, John 
 
 1828 Cape, Christian 
 1833 Carter, Joseph 
 
 1837 COPELAND, ALEXANDER 
 
 1845 COLES, OSCAR 
 
 1845 Cron, Anthon 
 
 1847 Church, Charles L. 
 
 1831 Callicott, Theophilus C. 
 
 1851 Clark, John M. 
 
 1853 Corser, Benjamin F. 
 
 1853 Child, Asa 
 
 i8s4 Crighton, Robert 
 
 1854 Chapman, James H. T. 
 
 1854 Cronk, Samuel W. 
 
 1855 Compton, T. F. 
 1855 Carhart, Jeremiah 
 1855 Crane, John J. 
 
 i860 Coster, G. Washington 
 
 i860 Clinton, Charles A. 
 
 1861 Clark, Thomas 
 
 1861 Colman, William T. 
 
 1861 Cranston, Hiram 
 
 1862 Clitz, Henry B. 
 
 1862 Crawford, Samuel W. 
 
 1862 Cooper, Edward 
 
 1862 Carnochan, John M. 
 
 1864 Cathcart, John S. 
 
 1864 Curtis, Alfred L. 
 
 1864 Chambers, Mathew S. 
 
 1865 Crosby, Joshua W. 
 1S65 Carr, William H. 
 
 1865 CONOVER JOHN T. 
 
 1866 Conner, William C. 
 
 1866 Caldwell, Elisha S. 
 
 1867 Crane, Charles W. 
 1867 Chase, Edward P. 
 1867 Chapin, Edwin S. 
 
 1867 CROSS, THADDEUS M. B. 
 
 1867 Cutting, Walter 
 
 1868 Cumming, John T. 
 j868 Currier, Thomas J. 
 1871 Close, David A. 
 
 1871 Cruikshank, Aug. W. 
 
 1872 Colgate, John H. 
 
 1873 Cornwall, Adolphus B- 
 
 1874 CONOVER, WARREN A. 
 
 1874 Cobb, William S. 
 
 1875 Champney, Addison W. 
 1877 Calder, Patrick D. L. 
 1882 Carson, John 
 
 1885 Campbell, Geo. W., Jr. 
 
 1885 Clarke, John D. 
 
 i88s Cook, William W. 
 
 1887 Cleveland, Artie B. 
 
 1889 Cox, William C. 
 
 1889 Curtis, Edward W. 
 1880 Connell, J. Harvey 
 
 1890 CRITCHERSON, WILLIAM D. 
 
 1890 Cooke, Henry M. 
 i8gi Cordes, August W. 
 
 1891 Cobin, I. Jones 
 i8gi Chegnay, Henri 
 
 1893 
 1893 
 1894 
 1894 
 1894 
 1897 
 1897 
 
 1899 
 
 Clark, Oliver S., Jr. 
 
 Cooper, Joseph P. 
 
 Crow, Moses R. 
 
 Clark, Edmund C. M. 
 
 Coleman, Abraham B. 
 
 Copp, William Maltby 
 
 Clare, Henry. Jr. 
 
 Cook, Ellis L. 
 
 Chambers, James 
 
 Conrad, Theodore F. 
 
 xuyy Chandler, Charles B. 
 
 1899 Cooper, John H. W. 
 
 1899 Crisp, Charles S. 
 
 1899 Cornwall, Arthur B. 
 
 1899 Camerer, Emil E. 
 
 1799 Douglass, John 
 
 i8o2 DANIEL, THOMAS 
 
 1802 Donaldson, James 
 
 1802 Dobbs, Henry M. 
 
 1807 Dubaur, Francis 
 
 1807 Dobson, William B. 
 
 1808 Delavan, Daniel 
 1808 Downs, John 
 
 1808 Davis, James C. 
 
 1809 Donavan, William 
 
 1810 Doubleday, John 
 1810 Dunlap, James 
 
 1813 de La Pierre, Barth. 
 
 1813 Douglass, James 
 
 1813 Davis, George 
 
 1822 Day, Charles M. 
 
 1823 Dwight, Henry 
 1823 Duncan, John, Jr. 
 1825 Dunham, Hampton 
 1825 Duffy, Thomas P. 
 1825 De Rose, Anthony L. 
 1825 Dean, Benjamin 
 
 1825 Davis, George 
 
 1825 Douglass, John P. 
 
 1827 Duprat, Justin 
 
 1828 DriscoU, Jeremiah 
 
 1829 Dardon, George 
 
 1838 Davis, John H. 
 
 1839 DeRoll, Charles 
 1849 Drummond, Samuel 
 1851 Dederick, W. H. 
 1851 DILL, HAMILTON 
 1853 Daly, R. H. 
 
 1855 Drake, Charles 
 
 1855 Deagle, Lorenzo 
 
 1855 Dean, John E. 
 
 1856 Dugan, Thomas 
 
 i860 DEDERICK, ZACHARIAH 
 
 1861 Davis, Julian G. 
 
 1865 Degroot, Edmund D. 
 
 1866 Draper, John H. 
 1866 Draper, Henry 
 1866 Dean, Isaac W. 
 
 1866 Dally, James C. 
 
 1867 Docharty, Geradus B. 
 1867 DEANE, ROYAL E. 
 1867 Dudley, John L. 
 1867 Davis, Lewis H. 
 
 1867 Docharty, James B. 
 
 1868 Docharty, Augustus T. 
 1868 Davis, William H. 
 1868 Davis, Otis B. 
 
 1868 Decker, James M. 
 
 1869 Davis, Wm. Hitchcock 
 
 1870 Dickinson, Abisha S. 
 
 1870 Doscher, John E. 
 
 1871 Dewing, Edwin S. 
 
3i6 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 1871 Duckworth, William H. 
 
 1871 DOWNES, WILLIAM 
 
 1873 DeVulder, John 
 
 1874 Dunham, Sumner T. 
 
 1875 Dwinnell, William H. 
 
 1876 DuBois, Coert 
 
 1880 DesMarets, Ernest A. 
 
 1883 DeBaines, John 
 
 1887 Doubleday, Edwin S. 
 
 1888 Dixon, E. W. 
 
 1889 Dawson, John J. 
 1891 Dutcher, Alfred C. 
 
 1891 de-Lemos, Theo. W. E. 
 
 1893 DuBois, Cornelius 
 
 1893 Dimick, Jeremiah W., Jr. 
 
 1894 Doll, Edwin N. 
 
 1894 Dusenberry, Walter L. 
 
 1894 Davis, George DeWitt 
 
 1894 Dewey, Irving M. 
 
 1895 Davis, Benjamin W. 
 
 1896 Dyer, Henry L. 
 1896 Dall, Horace Holley 
 
 1896 Dyett, Arthur M. 
 
 1897 Dudley, Fred Maurice 
 1897 Dieges, Charles J. 
 
 1897 Deyo, Emery 
 
 1898 Daily, George M. 
 
 1808 Evans, Lewis 
 
 1808 Emmons, Eli 
 
 1827 Efner, Valentine 
 
 1827 Edson, Alvin 
 
 1827 Ellis, Benjamin 
 
 1834 Engold, John F. 
 
 184s Echart, Charles 
 
 1847 Elsessor, Seligman 
 
 1853 Evans, Joseph D. 
 
 1853 Edmonds, J. A. 
 
 1856 Edgerton, Theodore T. 
 
 1863 Eastman, Timothy C. 
 
 1864 Everson, Henry 
 
 1865 Earle, James 
 
 1865 Edwards, Richard T. 
 
 1867 Eager, William B. 
 
 1867 Erickson, William T. 
 
 1867 Ellis, Henry A. 
 
 1868 Elder, D. Riker 
 
 1872 Evans, Cadwalader 
 1883 Elliman, Arthur B. 
 
 1890 Ellicott, Joseph R. 
 
 1891 Edwards, James H. 
 
 1892 Evans, Hartman 
 1894 Ely, Alfred 
 
 1894 Erdmann, John F. 
 
 1896 Elmendorf, Dwight L. 
 
 1897 Elmore, Frank H. 
 
 1799 Frayard, William M. 
 
 1799 Fryate. William 
 
 1806 Frayard. William 
 
 1806 Fleming, Walter 
 
 1807 Ferris, George 
 1807 Forrester, Joseph 
 1807 Flemming, Thomas 
 181 1 Friday, Jacob 
 
 1819 Finn, Tames G. 
 
 1820 Fitch, 'Theodore S. 
 
 1821 Fink, John P. 
 
 1822 Folger, Benjamin H. 
 1822 Flack, Jacob 
 
 1824 Fish, (Jrlando 
 
 1824 Fisher, Charles 
 
 1824 Finch, Alvah 
 
 1824 Ford, Lewis F. 
 
 1826 Folger, Robert B. 
 
 1826 Frame, David A. 
 
 1828 Field, Peter 
 
 1841 Freshbein, Joseph 
 
 1842 Fowler^ James 
 
 1851 Fredericks, Charles D. 
 
 1851 Frear, Alexander 
 
 1851 Floras, Santiago 
 
 1852 Fredericks, G. W. 
 
 1853 Freeman, James 
 1853 Frank, P. W. 
 
 1853 Frank, W. K. 
 185s Fowler, Isaac V. 
 1855 Fawcett, Frederick 
 1862 Ferris, Oscar C. 
 
 1865 FERGUSON, JAMES F. 
 
 1868 Fahnstock, John 
 
 1868 Fowler, Abraham F. 
 
 1877 Fellowes, Ernest T. 
 
 1878 Freeborn, James F., Jr. 
 
 1879 Felthousen, John W. 
 
 1888 Fuller, Robert M. 
 
 1889 Fischer, Adolpho H. 
 
 1893 Frankel, Edward 
 
 1894 Fitch, William P. 
 1894 Fryer, Benjamin W. 
 1894 Eraser, Charles A. 
 1894 Fleming, George A. 
 1896 Frost, Albert H. 
 
 1896 Ferris, Henry J. 
 
 1897 Freeman, Albert 
 
 1799 Gordon, Alexander 
 
 1799 Gedalia, Isaac 
 
 1800 Grant, Benjamin 
 1802 Gibson, William 
 1808 Gray, James 
 1808 Graham, John 
 1808 GaJe, Coe, Jr. 
 1808 Guion, John 
 
 1808 Gomperts, Gompert S. 
 
 1814 Green, Samuel B. 
 
 1815 Garret, Albert 
 
 1816 Gantz, John J. 
 i8r6 Greenland, Stephen 
 
 1821 Garrettee, Jose 
 
 1822 Green, Reuben 
 
 1823 Gereardt, John P. 
 
 1823 Gray, Neil 
 
 1824 Goetner, John P. 
 1824 Gillender, John E. 
 1824 Greenup, George 
 1824 Gannon, John F. 
 1824 Gisner, James P. 
 1824 Greenup, William M. 
 
 1824 Gray, Samuel 
 
 1825 Gardner, George 
 
 1825 Gladding, WilHard 
 
 1826 Gantz, George W. 
 1826 Govert, Harman 
 
 1826 Gram, Hans B. 
 
 1827 Gage, Samuel 
 1827 Green, Israel 
 1834 Gray, John F. 
 
 1B34 Gunther, Christian G. 
 
 1840 Goulding, William R. 
 
 1842 Gibbons, George S. 
 
 1847 Gelston, Samuel 
 
 1852 Grace, Charles 
 
 1854 Gildersleeve, Caleb D. 
 
 1854 Grey, John 
 
 1855 Goodman, James 
 
LIST OF MEMBERS 
 
 317 
 
 1856 Gardner, Peter 
 
 1861 Gibbs, George 
 
 1865 Gray, John H. 
 
 1866 Gayler, James 
 1866 Graham, John R. 
 1868 Gage, Peter J. 
 1868 Griflien, Samuel P. 
 
 1871 GOODALL, ALBERT G. 
 
 1873 Gordon, JVI' ^uis L. 
 
 1875 Gibson, K-sson C. 
 
 1880 Garrison, William D. 
 
 1882 Goodall. Edwin 
 1S83 Gofife, \ harles C. 
 
 1883 Gregorj, G. Frederick 
 1886 Givaudan, Benjamin E. 
 188S Gurney, Robert F. 
 
 1890 Giles, James H. 
 
 1891 Goffe, Robert H., Jr. 
 1891 Goodsell, Edward L. 
 
 1891 Goss, Wright D. 
 
 1892 GARDNER, JOHN ROBERT 
 1S93 Gard, William E. 
 
 1894 Garr, John C. 
 
 1896 Gardner, J. A. L. 
 
 1896 Growtage, Harry 
 
 1S97 Gardner, Joseph W. S. 
 
 1897 Gardner, George Rivers 
 1899 Grosholz, Louis P. 
 1899 Goulding, William J. 
 1899 Gardiner, Charles B. 
 
 1799 Holmes, Thomas 
 
 1799 Hays, William 
 
 1800 Howlett, Samuel 
 
 1806 Harvey, John 
 
 1807 HART, JOEL 
 
 1807 Holmes, William 
 
 1808 Hiborn, James 
 180S Hunter, William T. 
 
 1810 Humbert, Jonas, Jr. 
 
 181 1 Hoxie, John 
 
 1812 Hassey, Henry J. 
 1812 HYER. GEORGE W. 
 
 1812 HERRING, JAMES, SR. 
 
 1813 Holdridge, Nathaniel B. 
 1813 Humphrey, Mathew 
 
 1815 Hoag, Philip 
 
 1816 Harbeck. Augustus 
 
 1817 HERRING, JAMES, JR. 
 1819 Hines, Luther 
 
 1821 Hallock, Charles 
 
 1822 HOXIE, JOSEPH 
 
 1822 Hector, John 
 
 1823 Hart, Joseph C. 
 1823 Henry, Philip 
 1823 Hassell, Josiah 
 
 1823 HOYT, MAURICE 
 
 1824 Hardy, William H. 
 1824 Henry, John 
 
 1824 Housman, William C. 
 
 1824 Hardenburgh, John 
 
 1824 Higgins, James P. 
 
 1824 Hull, Oliver 
 
 1825 Harding, James S. 
 
 1825 Hart, James H. 
 
 1826 Hardenbrook, J. R. 
 1826 Hilton, William 
 1826 Heath, S. V. R. 
 
 1826 Halsey, Luther 
 
 1827 Hartman, Gotfried 
 1S27 Heim, Joseph 
 1827 Hodkins, John 
 
 1828 Hosack, David 
 
 1833 Hendricks, Lewis 
 
 1833 Hemmingway, William T. 
 
 1834 Higbie, A. H. 
 183s Harway, John L. 
 1837 Hatch, Henry 
 1842 Hague, James 
 
 1849 Hopkins, Peter H. 
 
 1850 Harrison, Ed. H. 
 
 1850 Howlite, Henry 
 
 1851 Hays, Thomas E. 
 
 1852 Henry, Charles H. 
 
 1852 Hall, Thomas S. 
 
 1853 Hull, Charles W. 
 
 1854 Hillson, William B. 
 1854 Hawley, Charles B. 
 1854 Harley, James H. 
 1854 Hancock, Thomas P. 
 
 1854 Hamilton, James 
 
 1855 Houghton, F. E. 
 185s Hudson, H. Holly 
 
 1855 Hardenbrook, W. H. 
 
 1856 Hoffman, Josiah Ogden 
 1862 Hodges, Henry C. 
 
 1862 Hawke, Charles K. 
 
 1863 Hill, William H. 
 
 1864 Horton, John T. 
 
 1865 Hubbard, John M. 
 
 1865 Heckscher, John G. 
 186s Hull, William L. 
 
 1866 Halsey, Jonathan O. 
 1866 Howland, Meredith 
 1866 Harrison, Thomas B. 
 
 1866 Harrison, James 
 
 J867 Halstead, William H. 
 
 1867 Hoe, William A. 
 
 1867 Hughes, Ferdinand D., Jr. 
 
 1868 Hammond, John F. 
 
 1869 Hodgson, Thomas 
 1869 HINDS, FRANK H. 
 1869 Harper, James 
 
 Howe, Joseph W. 
 Hay, Silas C. 
 Hatfield, Robert F. 
 
 1878 Hurlburt Frazier W. 
 
 1879 Hoes, William M. 
 1885 Hopkins, Gustavus U. 
 1887 Harned, John M. 
 
 1887 Holian, James 
 
 1888 Haswell, Charles H. 
 1888 Henderson, Harold G. 
 i888 Homan, William 
 
 T890 HOXIE, WILLIAM E. 
 
 1891 Hazelton, Samuel 
 
 1891 Hall, William W. 
 
 1892 Hopkins, Selden R. 
 1892 Hadley, Benjamin F. 
 
 1892 Haverstick, Willis N. 
 
 1893 Hargraves, William 
 
 1894 Harrington, Albert V. 
 1894 Hodgskin, James B. 
 1896 Hawthorn, Daniel G. 
 
 1896 Harsha, William Justin 
 
 1897 Hartshorne, Edward C. 
 1897 Planey, James P. 
 
 1897 Hoole, William Robert 
 
 1897 Hanford, C. W. 
 
 1898 Hill, Herbert J. 
 
 1898 Haff, William B. C. 
 
 1899 Hassell, Gilbert L. 
 1899 Haney, John D. 
 1899 Hagemeyer, George 
 1899 Hall, Christopher W. 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 1873 
 
3i8 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 1850 Irving, John A. 
 1893 Ihl, John B. 
 
 Judah, Naphtali 
 Jackson, John 
 Johnson, William H. 
 Jones, William 
 Jackson, Archibald 
 Jacques, Robert 
 Jacobsen, Joseph 
 Jessup, William 
 Jones, Anthony W. 
 Johnson, James 
 Johnson, Martin 
 Johnson, William S. 
 Jewett, Noah 
 Jocelin, William H. 
 Jacobs, Samuel 
 Jameson, Joseph 
 Tansen, William A. 
 Jewett, Perry 
 
 i Johnson, Henry W. 
 Jessup, Henry 
 Judson, Levi Carroll 
 Jencks, Eleazer 
 Jackson, Richard C. 
 Jencks, Eleazer 
 Jackson, N. Hart 
 Jarman, Zadok H. 
 ackson, George R. 
 ackson, George H. 
 ackson, Jonathan B. 
 ackson, Charles H. 
 ames, Dudley L. 
 Janeway, James G. 
 Jarman, Robert P. 
 Judson, Cyrus Field 
 Jackson, David I. 
 Johns, Arthur S. 
 Johnson, Charles A. 
 Jackson, Charles R. 
 Jacobus, Arthur Middleton 
 Tones, Franklin M. 
 Jewett, William H. 
 Joy, John B. 
 
 1800 
 1801 
 1807 
 1807 
 1808 
 1808 
 1817 
 J821 
 1823 
 1824 
 1825 
 1825 
 1825 
 1825 
 1826 
 1827 
 1832 
 1S41 
 
 185 1 
 1851 
 1851 
 1859 
 1865 
 1870 
 1870 
 1870 
 1873 
 1877 
 1886 
 1891 
 1892 
 1892 
 1894 
 1897 
 1897 
 1897 
 1897 
 1897 
 1897 
 
 1799 Kennedy, Thomas H. 
 
 180S Knapp, Benjamin S. 
 
 1817 KINCH, THOMAS 
 
 1822 Kilpatrick, Joseph 
 
 1823 Kingsland, Cornelius 
 
 1824 Killett, Joseph 
 1824 Klauberg, Daniel 
 1824 King, Fred. Gore 
 1826 Knapp, Thomas 
 
 1826 Klauberg, Carl 
 
 1827 Kelly, Hezekiah 
 1852 Kohlman, Jacob 
 1854 King, Adelmour W. 
 1856 Kilham, George E. 
 i860 Kirby, Spencer 
 t86i Kuhne, Frederick 
 
 1868 Kendall. John H. 
 
 1869 Kemp, John H. 
 
 1869 Kreischer, George 
 
 1870 Kingsley, Charles S. 
 1870 Keeler, Henry H. 
 1872 Kenworthy, Joseph 
 1883 Kingsland, Albert A. 
 1886 Kelly, Richard B. 
 
 1886 Karsens, Henry James 
 
 1887 Kanter, Frederick 
 
 1890 Kretschmar, Herman R. 
 
 1890 Kaufman, Charles B. 
 
 1891 Keck, Frank 
 1891 Keep, Henry V. 
 1891 Kilgen, George J. 
 1891 Kram, George W. 
 
 1891 Keegan, Dermott W. 
 
 1892 Klein, John C. 
 1892 Koss, Charles G. 
 
 1892 Kinzy, William E. 
 
 1893 Kirkland, John B. 
 
 1894 Kiefer, Louis F. 
 
 1894 Kenworthy, Robert Judson 
 
 1897 King, Arthur Marcus 
 
 1897 Knapp, Alfred C. 
 
 1898 Kline, B. Clifford 
 
 1898 Kingsbury, Jerome 
 
 1899 Kenney, Joseph 
 
 1799 Laincourt, Stephen 
 
 1800 Leggett, Gabriel 
 1800 Lang, Gilbert 
 
 1803 LOWNDS, THOMAS 
 
 1804 Luis, Lambert 
 1804 Little, Isaac 
 
 1807 Lion, William W. 
 
 1807 Longbottom, Berkley T. 
 
 1807 Lewis, Philo 
 
 1807 Leggett, John 
 
 1808 Luff, William J. 
 
 1808 Lewis, Thomas 
 
 1809 Ladley, John 
 
 1812 Lowery, Richard G. 
 
 1812 Lee, William 
 
 1812 Little, Eliakin 
 
 181S Le Count, John R. 
 
 1821 Lockwood, Alfred S. 
 
 1823 Lewis, Philo 
 
 1823 Letson, Thomas W. 
 
 1824 Lewis, Stiles 
 
 1824 LeCarron, Charles 
 
 1824 LaFayette, George W. 
 
 1824 Lafayette, Marquis de 
 
 1825 Lawrence, August 
 
 1826 Leise, Frederick 
 
 1827 Lehman, John G. 
 1827 Lathrop, Rodney 
 
 1827 Lockwood, William 
 
 1828 Landau, Christopher 
 1833 Lombard, Harvey F. 
 1841 Leeds, Fred. W. 
 1841 Levison, David 
 
 1843 Laugh, Christopher 
 
 1843 Loder, George P. H. 
 
 1847 Lucy, James 
 
 1851 Landes, J. M. 
 
 1852 Lawson, Peter B. 
 
 1852 Lucky, J. C. 
 
 1853 LaManna, D. 
 185s Lawson, Joseph 
 1859 Leggett, Samuel 
 1862 Lee, Samuel W. 
 
 1864 Lesquereux, Henry 
 
 1865 Lathrop, William G., Jr. 
 
 1865 Loder, Benjamin 
 t866 Langford, John T. 
 
 1866 Leverich, Edward 
 
 1866 Lorillard, Pierre, Jr. 
 
 1867 Leggett, Francis A. 
 
 1870 Luqueer, Francis T., Jr. 
 T871 Livingston. William 
 
 1871 Lloyd, William T. 
 1874 Lawton, Walter E. 
 1874 Labagh, William O. 
 
LIST OF MEMBERS 
 
 L319 
 
 1874 Liebenau, J. Henry 
 
 1875 Leadley, Frederick H. 
 
 1880 LIVERMORE, WILLIAM F. 
 
 1889 Little, Charles C. 
 
 1891 Little, Joseph J. 
 
 1893 Lillard, Benjamin 
 
 1893 Leonard, William D. 
 
 1894 Laughlin, David 
 1894 Lackey, Edwin D. 
 1894 Linson, Washington F. 
 1894 Lamb, Fergus 
 
 i8g6 Ludlam, Frank 
 
 1896 Lewis, Wright F., Jr. 
 
 1897 Lent2, Harry D. 
 J898 Layson, William H. 
 1899 Lyon, George F. 
 1899 Lawrence, George A. 
 1899 Lyon, Palmer Heath 
 
 1799 McCulloch, William 
 
 1799 McKay, James 
 
 1799 McGarry, Thomas 
 
 1799 McCulloch, Hugh 
 
 1800 Morris, Lewis 
 
 1802 Murgarum, James T. 
 
 1805 Mustard, Alex. 
 
 1807 Miller, George 
 
 1807 Miller, Seth 
 
 1807 Merritt, Henry 
 
 1807 Myers, George 
 
 1808 McGowan, James 
 1808 Merrill, William 
 i8d8 Marriner, John 
 1808 Martin, Asher 
 1808 Mead, Moses L. 
 1808 Mansanto, Moses 
 1808 Marsh, Richard 
 1808 McAlpine, John 
 1808 Main, David 
 1808 Mason, John 
 
 1808 McGowen, James 
 
 1809 Mason, John F. 
 i8og Matthews, Edwin 
 1811 Murray, Robert 
 1813 Miller, Adam 
 
 181S Murattea, Stephen 
 
 1815 Mclntyre,_ Abraham 
 
 1815 Mead, William 
 
 1816 McNett, Martin 
 
 1817 Mathews, Thomas 
 1817 McKay, Richard 
 
 1820 Mott, Patrick 
 
 1821 Macbeth, James 
 1S21 Mascia, John 
 1821 Mathews, Francis 
 1821 Moore, Stephen 
 
 1821 McCready, Thomas 
 
 1822 McGarvey, James 
 1822 McLaughlin, Josiah 
 
 1822 Mason, Richworth 
 
 1823 Mansfield, S. H. 
 1823 Mosher 
 
 1823 MacGregor, Alexander 
 
 1824 Mitchell, Samuel L, 
 
 1824 McLeod, William 
 
 1825 Marshall Robert 
 1825 Mead, Henry 
 
 1825 Mcintosh, James M. 
 
 1825 Muzzy, Amos 
 
 1825 Mclntyre, Peter 
 
 J825 Mcllwaine, Cornelius T. 
 
 1825 Moore, Samuel L. 
 
 1825 Morton, Thomas J. 
 
 1825 Miles, Nehemiah G. 
 
 1826 Mayo, William 
 1826 Millar, James L. 
 1826 Meday, Christian 
 1826 Manahan, Thomas 
 1826 Manahan, Theodore 
 1826 Miller, James H. C. 
 1826 Mason, William S. 
 
 1826 Martin, John 
 1S27 Mahon, John 
 
 1827 Montague, Noble 
 1827 Meach, Abraham B. 
 1827 Morgan, George C. 
 1827 Meyers, George 
 1831 Murtch, John 
 
 1833 Mathews, Thomas L. 
 
 1834 Marvin, Smith 
 
 1837 MacKenzie, James H. 
 
 1839 Meilkie, Ed. C. 
 
 1839 Metcalf, Samuel W. 
 
 1842 Moffat, John 
 
 1843 Morley, Thomas W. 
 1850 McBurney, Samuel 
 
 1850 Mahon, J. F. 
 
 185 1 Matthews, M. 
 
 1852 McElrave, Andrew 
 1852 Mulligan, James 
 
 1852 McGovern, William 
 
 1853 McKenzie, Colin 
 I8S3 Millard, Royal G. 
 1855 Minnard, Louis F. 
 i8ss Mott, J. M. 
 
 1859 Mickels, Nicholas 
 
 i860 Mead, Charles D. 
 
 1861 Maxwell, George L. 
 
 1861 McCollum, John 
 
 1861 Morse, Anthony W. 
 
 1861 Mott, Alexander B. 
 
 1863 McCulIoh, Richard S. 
 
 1863 McCulloh, John S. 
 
 1864 Monson, Marcina, Jr. 
 
 1865 Minor, Jesse W. 
 
 1866 Markoe, Frank, Jr. 
 1866 Maxwell, James E. 
 1866 Milton, William F. 
 1866 Merrifield, Edward L. 
 1866 Minor, Charles E. 
 
 1866 Meeker, William B. 
 
 1867 Mowton, Charles C. 
 1867 Meyer, Otto 
 
 1867 Morrison, James E. 
 
 1867 Meeks, Joseph 
 
 1867 Mason, Thomas D. 
 
 1868 Moller, William F. 
 
 1868 MAPES, JOHN A. 
 1S68 McGIensey, John 
 
 1869 Munroe, William Otis 
 
 1870 Myers, John K., Jr. 
 
 1871 Marvine, William H. 
 
 1872 McLean, George W. 
 1874 McLelland, James B. 
 1874 Mott, Thaddeus P. 
 1877 Montague, Walter P. 
 
 1879 Mason, Theo. B. M. 
 
 1880 Mott, Hopper S. 
 i88o Mulford, Francis H. 
 
 1881 MORGAN, ROLLIN M. 
 1885 Martin, Edward W. 
 
 1885 Monroe, Augustin 
 
 1886 Millen, Loring R. 
 
 1886 McCormick, Edward W. 
 
 1887 Moore, Russell W. 
 18S7 Mayo, Wallace 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 1891 
 1891 
 1892 
 1892 
 1892 
 1892 
 1892 
 1892 
 1892 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 1894 
 1894 
 1894 
 189s 
 189s 
 1895 
 1897 
 1897 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 1899 
 1899 
 1899 
 1899 
 
 :8o2 
 1807 
 1808 
 1808 
 1812 
 1823 
 1827 
 
 1850 
 i8so 
 1856 
 1877 
 188s 
 1892 
 
 1807 
 181S 
 1822 
 1823 
 1826 
 i86s 
 1865 
 1865 
 1889 
 1891 
 1891 
 1892 
 189s 
 1896 
 
 1801 
 1807 
 1808 
 1808 
 
 Mills, Ezra P. 
 
 1808 
 
 MclUroy, William 
 
 1808 
 
 McClellan, J. Weller 
 
 1808 
 
 Mapes, Augustus S. 
 Moffat, Edwin C. 
 
 1S09 
 
 1812 
 
 MacGregor, James E. 
 
 1812 
 
 MacFarlane, Peter 
 
 1816 
 
 Mount, Henry R. 
 
 1817 
 
 Mason, Joel S. 
 
 1818 
 
 McDonald, Amos W. 
 
 1822 
 
 Mallet-Prevost, Severo 
 
 1822 
 
 Mook, Harry B. 
 
 1823 
 
 Montague, George L. 
 Merwin, Berkley R. 
 
 1824 
 
 1824 
 
 Martin, William P. 
 
 1825 
 
 Meyer, Ernest H. G. 
 
 1825 
 
 Muschenheim, William C. 
 
 1825 
 
 Marache, Felix F. 
 
 1826 
 
 Morrey, Edmund H. 
 
 1826 
 
 Morris, Charles W. 
 
 1826 
 
 MuUally, John B. A. 
 Metz, Herman A. 
 
 1826 
 
 1826 
 
 Molleson, George E. 
 
 1826 
 
 Macnee, Forrest 
 
 1827 
 
 Maynard, Reuben Leslie 
 
 1827 
 
 Milburn, James, Jr. 
 Masury, Frederick L. M. 
 
 1832 
 
 1833 
 
 Mitchell, Richard H. 
 
 1837 
 
 Mohr, Walter M. 
 
 1839 
 
 Medbery, Nathan B. 
 
 1849 
 
 McCarty, Charles W., Jr. 
 
 1850 
 
 Morse, George R. 
 
 :85i 
 
 Morgan, Charles N. 
 
 1852 
 
 
 i8S3 
 
 Newport Henry 
 Nixon, Richard 
 
 1853 
 
 1855 
 
 Newby, Ennis 
 
 1858 
 
 Nathan, Seixas 
 
 i860 
 
 Naiie, Jacob 
 
 1861 
 
 Nathan, Asher M. 
 
 1863 
 
 Neilis, Philip D. 
 NEXSEN, WILLIAM W. 
 
 
 Newhouse, John 
 
 1866 
 
 NEXSENj ELIAS W. 
 
 1866 
 
 Nichols William St. Clair 
 
 1866 
 
 Neary, James 
 
 1866 
 
 Nariue, James 
 North, Robert L. 
 
 1867 
 
 1874 
 
 Nevins, Frank R. 
 
 1874 
 
 Nesbit, William H. 
 
 1878 
 
 Nolen, George H. 
 Nye, Theodore S. 
 
 1879 
 
 1879 
 
 
 1881 
 
 O'Donnell, Edward 
 
 1882 
 
 Osborn, William 
 
 1886 
 
 Osborn, George 
 
 1889 
 
 Osborn, Isaac C. 
 
 1890 
 
 Osborn, Joseph 
 Osborn, John A. 
 Owen, Edward J. 
 
 1891 
 
 1891 
 
 1891 
 
 Oakley, H. Cruger 
 
 1891 
 
 Oothout, William, Jr. 
 
 1891 
 
 Oliver, James F. 
 Olpp, Charles F. 
 
 1892 
 
 1892 
 
 Osborn, Robert A. 
 
 1894 
 
 Oldham, DavidJ. T. 
 Otis, William K. 
 
 1894 
 1894 
 
 
 1895 
 
 Penny, Thomas 
 Paulding; Peter 
 Pexota, Moses L. M. 
 
 1896 
 
 1896 
 
 1896 
 
 Phelps, John 
 
 1897 
 
 Pontme, William M. 
 
 1897 
 
 Pitteman, J. C. 
 
 Piatt, Ephinatus 
 Phillips, Robert 
 Pinckney, Israel 
 Petrin, John 
 Pecovich, John 
 Patterson, William 
 Piatt, W. F, 
 Pratt, Luther 
 PENNELK RICHARD 
 Petterson, Robert 
 Phillips, Thomas 
 Phillip, John 
 Powell, H. T. 
 Paulding, William 
 Parker, Thomas 
 Palmo, Ferdinand 
 Plum, Nathaniel D. 
 Pope, Thomas 
 Pope, William 
 Paap, John W. 
 Plog, William 
 Plog, Charles 
 Payne, Seth 
 Pearsall, David 
 Pettalago, Lewis 
 Pangburn, Isaac 
 Packelton,' Lewis 
 Pote, Greenfield 
 POWELL, JAMES W. 
 Pay ton, Craven 
 Robinson, James L. 
 Pomeroy, George 
 Post, S. O. 
 Pray, John H. 
 Phillips, H. P. 
 Paton, Thomas C. M. 
 POST, JOTHAM 
 Penniman, George H. 
 Post, Edwin A. 
 Peck, Charles B. 
 Prentice, John 
 Peters, John C. 
 Piatt, Frank 
 Perry, Oliver H. 
 Powers, James G. 
 Prince, John D. 
 Powers, R. Augustus 
 Potter, Allen B. 
 Parshall, William A. 
 Peet, Charles B. 
 Plum, Elias, Jr. 
 Price, Walter J. 
 Parmele, Charles Roome 
 Phipps, Edward L'Estrange 
 Pink, Byron E. 
 Purnell, James E. 
 Putnam, Tarrant 
 Pearl, Dyer 
 Piercy, H. Clay 
 Prodgers, George W. 
 Pease, Daniel P. 
 Peet, Alexander J. 
 Pillot, P. Stuyvesant 
 Patterson, Andrew 
 Patterson, Frank N. 
 Probst, John D., Jr. 
 Powel, Milton 
 Potter, Henry Codman 
 Patterson, Harvey A. 
 Pegram, Fendall S. 
 Prior, Ernest Lee 
 Penfield, William Warner 
 
LIST OF MEMBERS 
 
 321 
 
 1899 Poor, Ruel W. 
 
 1899 Pickiord, Samuel 
 
 1899 Paxson, Warner 
 
 1862 Quackenbo s, Henry F. 
 
 1874 Quee, James 
 
 1799 Rodgers, William 
 
 5799 Royce, Allen 
 
 1802 Rathwell, James 
 
 1804 Rushford, William 
 
 1806 Ruckle, John E. 
 
 1807 Raymond, Isaac 
 1807 Reynolds, Alex. 
 1807 Robinson, Joseph 
 
 1807 Reynolds, Thomas 
 
 1808 Runkle, William 
 1808 Roll, Jacob C. 
 
 1808 Roberts, Robert 
 
 1809 Roome, John P. 
 1809 Ryan, John 
 
 1811 Russell, John E. 
 
 1811 Rutzer, Henry 
 
 1811 Rosencrantz, R. N. 
 
 1812 Robinson, John 
 
 1812 Rogers, John 
 
 1813 Riley, Edward 
 181S Roff, Henry 
 1815 Rebola, Lazarus 
 
 1821 Rodrego, Jose 
 
 1822 Robb, R. 
 
 1823 Roberts, Hugh S. 
 
 1824 ROBINSON, JAMES 
 1S24 Rockwell, William 
 
 1825 Reill, Henry 
 
 1825 Rickers, John J. 
 
 1826 Rohr, John G. 
 
 1826 Rudd, Richard 
 
 1827 Read, Eli 
 
 1828 Ridden, John 
 
 1840 ROWELL, CHARLES S. 
 
 1842 Ross, William 
 
 1846 Robinson, John F. 
 
 1848 Roberts, Gurdon 
 
 1851 Robinson, James D. 
 
 1852 Roberts, Charles 
 i860 Rapallo, Charles A. 
 i860 Refiord, John T. 
 i860 Remsen, Robert G. 
 1861 Reynolds, T. Spaulding 
 
 1865 Randolph, Frederick E. F. 
 
 1866 Rogers, John H. 
 1866 Rexford, George C. 
 1866 ROOME, CHARLES 
 
 1872 Robinson, Edward 
 
 1873 Remick, Albert 
 
 1874 Rigney, Thomas G. 
 
 1882 ROOME, CLAUDIUS M. 
 
 1883 Roome, William Harris 
 
 1887 Ryer, Alfred L. 
 
 1888 Reynolds, J. Hyatt 
 
 1889 Rathbone, Robert C. 
 1889 Root, John G- 
 
 1891 Read, Daniel P. 
 
 1891 Randell, Frank T. 
 i8gi Remington, Henry W. 
 
 1892 Ransom, Rastus S. 
 1892 Ransom, Porte V. 
 1892 Rapallo, Edward L. 
 1894 Rowe, William F. 
 1894 Reuter, George, Jr. 
 1894 Roberts, William J, 
 1896 Reinig, John P. 
 
 896 Rees, Howell C. 
 
 897 Ronalds, George Lorillard 
 897 Reid, William G. 
 
 897 Richmond, Frank H. 
 
 899 Richtberg, William 
 
 799 STEVENSON, BENJAMIN C. 
 
 799 STEWART, ALEXANDER M. 
 
 799 Steele, Robert 
 
 [799 Schuyler, Peter C. 
 
 803 SHIPPEY, WILLIAM 
 
 806 SKETCHLEY, THOMAS 
 
 806 Stewart, William F. 
 ,807 Smith, Geor§:e B. 
 
 807 Spence, Gavin 
 
 808 Shotwell, Jeremiah 
 808 Saloman, Hyman M. 
 808 Sitcher, Andrew 
 
 808 ShotwelL John 
 
 808 Smith, Theophilus 
 
 ;8o8 Smith, Moses 
 
 :8o8 Sherman, Alpheus 
 
 iSii Schuyler, Peter 
 
 :8ii Springsteel, Simeon 
 
 :8ii Sands, John J. 
 
 :8i2 Sayres, Thomas 
 
 814 Sayre, Nathan H. 
 
 815 Scott, Daniel 
 815 Seeley, Zadock 
 
 ;82i Schureman, William 
 
 822 Skellman, Jeremiah 
 
 822 Simmons, Peter 
 
 822 Steele, Christopher 
 
 822 Scriba, George, Jr. 
 
 823 Stratton, Piatt 
 823 Solomon, John 
 823 Spencer, Oliver 
 
 823 Stelfox, Peter 
 
 824 Sears, Prince 
 824 Sheed, Abm. A. 
 824 Seidell, Christian G. 
 824 Sibell, John F. 
 
 824 Smith, James H. 
 
 825 STRANGMAN, LEVI 
 825 Storms, Stephen 
 
 825 Stansbie, Luke 
 
 826 Shaw, William C. 
 
 826 SKEATS, WILLIAM H. 
 
 826 Spring, John 
 
 826 Sayre, Matthew 
 
 826 Shimeall, Richard C. 
 
 827 Smith, Stephen 
 827 Sidell, John C. R. 
 831 Sarisee, William 
 :840 Shaw, James 
 
 :842 Spier, Robert 
 
 ;847 Stetson, Robert 
 
 :85o Skinner, George 
 
 850 SHOVE, WILLIAM B. 
 [851 Schrieffer, R. D. 
 
 851 SWARTZ. SAMUEL C 
 851 Stewart, Henry 
 
 851 Stone, George C. 
 
 851 Suydam, Edraond 
 
 852 Sheldon, Preston 
 
 852 Smith, Edwin 
 
 853 STEINBRENNER, G. W. 
 :8S4 Stewart, Robert B. 
 
 854 Smith, James 
 854 Smith, Lafayette 
 :854 Sprague, C. A. 
 
 854 Starkweather, Daniel 
 
 854 Scherauwedel, John E. 
 
322 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 i8ss Shields, George 
 
 1856 Shiers, Thomas 
 
 1858 Spaulding, Morrel B. 
 
 1858 Sy, Charles W. 
 
 1859 Sanger, William W. 
 i860 Swan, Benjamin L., Jr. 
 i860 Sears, Herman B. 
 
 1862 Skidmore, Benjamin D. 
 
 1863 Strong, Charles E. 
 
 1863 Sears, Henry T. 
 
 1864 Stradley, Benjamin 
 
 1865 Stevens, Ambrose 
 1865 Stone, George C. 
 1865 Schoener, William L. 
 
 1865 Saunders, Samuel 
 
 1866 Schack, Otto W. C. 
 1866 Seton, Alfred L. 
 1866 Sigler, Sylvester 
 1866 Sancton, William E. 
 
 1866 Sturges, Appleton 
 
 1867 Stevens, John B. 
 1867 Smith, Edward 
 
 1867 Searle, Haskell A. 
 
 1868 Schmidt, Leopold 
 
 1868 Spaulding, Edward B. 
 
 1869 Smith, George W. 
 
 1869 Smith, William C. 
 
 1870 Strange, Theodore A. 
 1870 Stevenson, John 
 
 1870 Slote, Henry S. 
 
 1871 Simonson, William H. 
 1871 Swan, William L. 
 
 1871 Sniflfen, Elisha 
 
 1872 Soutter, Robert 
 
 1873 Shepard, Francis N. 
 1S73 Steele, Walter 
 
 1874 Savage, Jamison H. 
 
 1874 Simmons, Joseph Edward 
 
 1875 Simmons, Charles E. 
 1877 Soren, George C. 
 
 1877 Smith, Theodore V. 
 
 1878 Sayre, Charles H. H. 
 
 1879 Sayre, Lewis Hall 
 
 1879 STIVERS, GEORGE E. W. 
 
 1885 Soulard, Andrew L. 
 
 1887 Smith, Walker Breese 
 
 1887 Stebbins, Tames H., Jr. 
 
 1887 Sturgis, George S. 
 
 1887 SISSON, JOHN W. 
 
 1888 Stewart, Robert A. 
 
 1889 Smith, Millard F. 
 1889 Straeffer, John Q. 
 1889 Smith, Charles Gelson 
 
 1889 Simmons, William A. 
 i8go Sanborn, Noel B. 
 
 1890 Stimson, Charles W. 
 
 1890 Sprague, Charles 
 
 1891 Servoss, Mark G. 
 1891 Spencer, William Gay 
 1891 Sterling, Joseph H. 
 1891 Spooner, Peleg B. 
 1891 Sutton, George W., Jr. 
 1891 Stivers, Rufus M. 
 
 1891 Sprague, David H. 
 
 1892 Stephenson, William Pritchard 
 1892 Shrady, ^ohn 
 
 1892 Stuart, Lincoln A. 
 
 1892 Searight, James F. 
 
 1892 Snyder, Charles B. J. 
 
 1892 Shaw, William H. 
 
 1892 Snook, Samuel B. 
 
 1893 Senner, Joseph H. 
 1893 Stewart, Thomas E. 
 
 1893 Sprague, Stephen H. 
 
 1893 Smith, Robert L. 
 
 1893 Stevens, Franklin H. 
 
 1^3 Shaw, Charles R. 
 
 1893 Sloane, William 
 
 1894 Shepard. Anson M. 
 1894 Smith, Henry W. 
 
 1^4 STAFFORD, H. EUGENE 
 
 1894 Smith, Richard H. 
 
 1894 Sadler, George B. 
 
 1894 Spencer, Alexander H. 
 
 1894 Servin, Abram F. 
 
 1895 Sutton,- Eugene D. 
 
 1895 Simmonds, Philip R. 
 
 1896 Sayre, Reginald H. 
 
 1896 Stranahan, Charles W. 
 
 1897 Swain, A. Wildrick 
 1897 Seem, Herbert M. 
 1897 Scott, John R. 
 1897 Scott, Lloyd M. 
 1897 Sherin, Clarence E. 
 1897 Steele, John W., Jr. 
 1897 Spencer, Thomas P. 
 1899 Secor, Richard J. 
 1899 Stone, Mason A. 
 1899 Smith, A, Beverly 
 1899 Swezey, Edwin C. 
 1899 Sanderson, John E, W. 
 1899 Stone, Isaac F. 
 
 1899 Stephens, Amos H. 
 
 1801 Todd, Samuel 
 
 1804 Thorboss, Isaac 
 
 1807 Tanner, Thomas 
 
 1807 Tryon, Isaac 
 
 1808 Townsend, Charles 
 
 1808 Teubner, Charles 
 
 1809 Tonkin, John 
 1809 Taylor, James 
 
 181 1 Thorwilliger, Edward 
 
 1814 Toms, Leonard 
 
 1817 TRUSS, CHRISTIAN 
 
 1824 Tailer, Edward N. 
 
 1824 Tibbetts, John G. 
 
 1825 Tashera, Joseph L. 
 1825 Tecman, Paul 
 
 1825 Thornton, James B. 
 
 1826 Tappan, Charles B. 
 
 1826 Tuthill, Daniel S. 
 
 1827 Tidd, George C. 
 1827 Teller, James H. 
 1831 Torry, Dominick 
 1837 Treadwell, James 
 1850 Thomson, George W. 
 
 1853 Turner, James M. 
 
 1854 Taylor, James B. 
 
 1858 TAYLOR, HORACE S. 
 
 1861 Townsend, John J. 
 
 1862 Thompson, William W, 
 
 1864 Townsend, William E. 
 i86s Tiffany, Frank H. 
 
 1865 Toone, Joseph H. 
 
 1866 Thomas, Francis A. 
 
 1867 Thorn, Eugene 
 1871 Thomas, Robert H. 
 1878 Taylor, James T. 
 1878 Tompkins, Millard F. 
 
 1880 Truman, Mumford M. 
 
 1881 Tully, John 
 
 1883 Tucker, George Alfred 
 
 1883 Terry, George S. 
 
 1883 Temple, Thomas J. 
 
 1886 Tenney, Sutherland 
 
LIST OF MEMBERS 
 
 323 
 
 Thorpe, John R. 
 Thornbury, Henry B. 
 Tuttle, Arthur C. 
 Tooker, Edmund C. 
 Taussig, Walter M. 
 TRESIDDER, JOHN R. 
 TWISS, CHARLES VICTOR 
 Thomas, William H. 
 Thomas, Rolla 
 Taite, Ernest S. 
 Tripler, George Bradford 
 Taylor, John Howard 
 Treat, Charles R. 
 Taylor, Edgar J. 
 Todd, John H. 
 Thompson, Charles E. 
 Trimble, James A. 
 Titus, Edward C. 
 
 1887 
 1889 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 1891 
 1891 
 1891 
 1892 
 1894 
 1896 
 1896 
 1896 
 1896 
 1896 
 1893 
 1898 
 1899 
 
 1807 Utt, John 
 
 1808 Utt, Peter N. 
 
 1825 Underwood^ Phineas 
 
 1849 Unkhart, Edward 
 
 1884 Ulrich, Charles F. 
 
 1889 Urner, John R. 
 
 1898 Uffinger, Justin M. 
 
 1899 Unteidt, Henry J. 
 
 1802 Vaughan, Thomas 
 
 1808 Van Cortlandt, Philip 
 
 l8i2 Vriden, Martin 
 
 1813 Van Deuzer, Benjamin J. 
 
 1824 Van Pelt, Peter 
 
 1825 Van Norden, William 
 
 1826 Victor, Theodore 
 1845 Vonderleith, J. H. 
 1851 Van Buren, John 
 1854 Van Allen, Nathan 
 1854 Vanderpool, Jacob 
 
 i8s4 Vanderpool, Frederick S. 
 
 1863 Van Vliet, Stewart 
 
 1867 Vought, Samuel L. 
 
 1867 VAN BENSCHOTEN, EUGENE 
 
 1871 Voorhis, Jacob^ Jr. 
 
 1878 Van Wyck, William 
 
 1888 Vincent, Charles R. 
 
 1890 Van Auken, B. H., Jr. 
 
 1799 
 1799 
 1799 
 1800 
 1801 
 1804 
 1805 
 1806 
 1807 
 1807 
 1807 
 1808 
 1808 
 1808 
 
 1808 
 1808 
 1808 
 i8og 
 j8ii 
 1812 
 1812 
 1812 
 1813 
 
 WEST, JOHN E. 
 WARING, THOMAS 
 Williams, Daniel 
 WEIR, GEORGE 
 Waring, Jesse 
 Westerfield, John 
 Williams, Jeremiah 
 Weir, Thomas 
 Wilson, Alexander 
 Weatherspoon, Charles 
 Wark, John 
 Willets, Zebulon L. 
 Wright, John 
 Wilkinson, William 
 Webb, James 
 Wright, Nicholas 
 Williams, States 
 Whittlesey, Friend 
 Woodruff, George 
 Woods, Joseph 
 Westcott, Samuel 
 Williams, David 
 Wallace, Thomas 
 Williams, James 
 WHITLOCK, THADDEUS 
 
 1814 White, Thomas 
 
 1816 WOOLLEN, CHARLES 
 
 1817 Walbridge, Lyman 
 1817 Wilson, Edward G. 
 1817 Willis, Charles P. 
 
 1819 Wright, Daniel 
 
 1820 Whalen, George 
 
 1820 Whitman, Jacob 
 
 1821 Weed, Daniel H. 
 1821 Waring, Benjamin T. 
 1821 Weed, Raymond 
 1821 Wilkes, Charles 
 
 1823 Wilson, Abram D. 
 
 1824 Whitlock, Edward 
 1825' White, Aaron C. 
 
 1825 Waterman, Otis 
 1825 Wilkinson, George 
 
 1825 Webster, James 
 
 1826 Wiltsie, Jacob 
 1826 Willard, Orsamus 
 1826 Warner, Effingham 
 
 1826 Woolsey, John 
 
 1827 Whitney, Stephen N. 
 1827 Washburn, Job M. 
 1827 Whitman, Jacob 
 
 1S29 WHITTLESEY, OLIVER 
 1832 Willard, Timothy P. 
 
 1834 Westervelt, James 
 
 1835 Williams, Samuel M. 
 1839 Walker, Enoch 
 
 1839 Wenzel. Henry 
 
 1851 West, William R. 
 
 1852 Whipple, E. W. 
 1832 Wells, Helmus M. 
 1852 Walcott, Charles H. 
 
 1854 Ward, Henry H. 
 
 1855 Webster, David P. 
 i8ss White, Thomas 
 
 1855 Walters, Henry 
 
 1856 Winters, John 
 1856 Witcomb, Virgil 
 
 i860 Woodward, George F. 
 1S60 Wainwright, J. H., Sr. 
 1862 Wilmerdlng, John C. 
 1862 Wygant, Stephen T. 
 1865 Williams, A. Denison 
 
 1565 Winslow, Edward H. 
 1865 Wilmerding, George G. 
 1865 Wilson, George W. 
 
 1865 White, John P. P. 
 i86s Weston, Sullivan H. 
 
 1866 Waterhouse, James 
 1866 Warren, J. Kearney 
 
 1866 Walbridge, Daniel M. 
 
 1566 Whiting, Henry W. 
 
 1867 Weiler, Frank M. 
 
 1867 Waterburjr, John S. 
 
 1868 Worster, Joseph 
 1868 Wray, John H. 
 1868 Wright, Charles 
 
 1868 Waterlow, James R. 
 
 1869 Warner, Leonard W. 
 
 1870 Ward, Josiah O. 
 
 1870 White, J. Burchard 
 
 1871 Willis, William B. 
 
 1872 Wells, Lawrence 
 
 1872 Ward, Charles E. 
 
 1873 Whipple, John 
 1873 Weir, Albert M. 
 1875 Watts, G. Burghall 
 1875 Walker, Dexter H. 
 1877 Wolff, Charles G. 
 
 1880 Whitney, Charles A., Jr. 
 
324 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 1882 Waydell, Cornelius 
 
 1882 Wexell, John W. 
 
 1886 Walden, James H. 
 
 1886 Wills, Charles T. 
 
 1891 Wainwright, J. Howard, Jr. 
 
 1891 Wright, John S. 
 
 1891 Whitner, William R. 
 
 1891 White, David 
 
 1891 White, Samuel, Jr. 
 
 1891 Williams, Henry K. S. 
 
 1891 Wilson, Samuel Cheshire 
 
 1892 Wilson, William 
 1892 Westervelt, Josiah A. 
 
 1892 Williams, J. Castree 
 
 1893 Wakeman, Wilbur F. 
 
 1893 Ward, Frank B. 
 
 1894 Wagner, Frederic C. 
 
 1897 Wolters, Henry O, 
 
 1898 Weldon, Edward D. 
 
 1899 Wille, Carl A. E. T. 
 
 1899 Wilmurt, Thomas A., Jr. 
 
 1899 Weber, John 
 
 1899 Whitney, Charles Alvano 
 
 1899 Wood, Edward V. 
 
 1899 Winship, Francis A. 
 
 1804 Yates, Joseph 
 
 1808 Yarts, James 
 
 1808 Young, Robert 
 
 1825 Young, Pierre A. 
 
 1826 Youghey^ John 
 1865 Young, Ebenezer 
 1883 Young, Thomas A. 
 1891 Yoran, Frank 
 
 1891 Yergason^ J. S. 
 
 1896 Young, Charles H. 
 
 1831 Zanoni, James 
 
 1837 Zeitz, Charles 
 
A LIST OF THE OFFICERS 
 
 OF 
 
 JERUSALEM CHAPTER, No. 8, 
 
 From its Foundation, February 6, 1/99, to 1899 
 
 Year. High Fhxest. 
 
 1799 ^^^ E. West 
 
 1800 Thomas Waring 
 
 1801 Thomas Waring 
 
 1S02 Alexander M. Stewart 
 
 1803 Alexander M. Stewart 
 
 2804 Thomas Daniel 
 
 1805 Alexander M. Stewart 
 
 1806 Thomas Lownds 
 
 1807 Thomas Lownds 
 
 1808 Thomas Lownds 
 
 1809 Thomas Sketchley 
 
 1810 Benjamin C. Stevenson 
 
 181 1 George Weir 
 
 1812 Joel Hart 
 
 1813 William Shippy 
 
 1814 William Shippy 
 
 1815 James Herring, Sr. 
 
 1816 George W. Hyer 
 
 1817 James Herring, Sr. 
 
 1818 No record 
 
 1819 Thomas Kinch 
 
 1820 Charles Woollen 
 
 1821 Christian Truss 
 
 1822 Christian Truss 
 
 1823 Thaddeus Whitlocfc 
 
 1824 Richard Pennell 
 
 1825 Joseph Hoxie 
 
 1826 Lewis Belden 
 
 1827 Joseph Hoxie 
 
 1828 Maurice Hoyt 
 
 1829 Richard Pennell 
 
 1830 James Robinson 
 
 1831 George Arnold 
 
 1832 Oliver Whittlesey 
 
 1833 Oliver Whittlesey 
 
 1834 Oliver Whittlesey 
 183s Oliver Whittlesey 
 
 1836 Levi Strangman 
 
 1837 James Herring, Jr. 
 
 1838 James Herring, Jr. 
 
 1839 Alexander Copeland 
 
 1840 Richard Pennell 
 
 1841 William W. Nexsen 
 
 1842 Charles S. Rowell 
 
 1843 Alexander Copeland 
 
 1844 Robert R. Boyd 
 
 1845 William H. Skeats 
 
 1846 Elias W. Nexsen 
 
 1847 Oscar Coles 
 
 King. 
 Thomas Waring 
 Alexander M. Stewart 
 Alexander M. Stewart 
 Thomas H. Kennedy 
 Robert Steele 
 Henry Newport 
 Henry Newport 
 Henry Newj)ort 
 George Weir 
 Benjamin C. Stevenson 
 John E. Ruckle 
 George Weir 
 William T. Hunter 
 William Shippy 
 George Woodruff 
 James Herring, Sr. 
 James Gray 
 William T. Hunter 
 Thaddeus Whitlock 
 No record 
 No record 
 Christian Truss 
 Charles N. Baldwin 
 Peter Brewer 
 Richard Pennell 
 Joseph Hoxie 
 Lewis Belden 
 Hampton Dunham 
 Maurice Hoyt 
 Tames Robinson 
 James Robinson 
 Neil Gray 
 Thomas W. Letson 
 James S. Harding 
 William Boggs 
 William Boggs 
 Harvey F. Lombard 
 Timothy P. Willard 
 Richard Pennell 
 Richard Pennell 
 James Herring, Jr. 
 William H. Skeats 
 Charles S. Rowell 
 William C. Shaw 
 William C. Shaw 
 James H. MacKenzie 
 Frederick W, Leeds 
 Oscar Coles 
 James Fowler 
 
 32s 
 
 Scribe. 
 Alexander M. Stewart 
 Thomas H. Kennedy 
 Thomas H. Kennedy 
 Robert Steele 
 Thomas Daniel 
 Andrew Brown 
 William Shippy 
 William Shippy 
 Amos Curtis 
 Stephen Baker 
 Jeremiah Shotwell 
 William T. Hunter 
 William Shippy 
 John Westerfield 
 James Herring, Sr. 
 Amos Curtis 
 Joel Hart 
 Thaddeus Whitlock 
 William Osborn 
 No record 
 No record 
 
 Charles N. Baldwin 
 Thomas McCready 
 Ephraim Beeman 
 Joseph Hoxie 
 Lewis Belden 
 Hampton Dunham 
 Charles Cleeve 
 Neil Gray 
 Hans B. Gram 
 Neil Gray 
 Thomas W. Letson 
 Oliver Whittlesey 
 William Boggs 
 Harvey F. Lombard 
 Harvey F. Lombard 
 Levi Strangman 
 Lewis Hendricks 
 Ransom Crosby 
 Alexander Copeland 
 William H. Skeats 
 William W. Nexsen 
 James Shaw 
 William H. Skeats 
 Tames Allcock 
 Frederick W. Leeds 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 James Fowler 
 J. H. Vonderleith 
 
326 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Year. High Priest. 
 
 1848 Oscar Coles 
 
 1849 George Ackerman 
 
 1850 Richard Pennell 
 
 1851 James W. Powell 
 
 1852 William B. Shove 
 
 1853 Hamilton Dill 
 
 1854 Hamilton Dill 
 185s Samuel C. Swartz 
 
 1856 Samuel C. Swartz 
 
 1857 Samuel C. Swartz 
 
 1858 Samuel C. Swartz 
 
 1859 Godfrey W. Steinbrenner 
 i860 Godfrey W. Steinbrenner 
 
 1861 Horace S. Taylor 
 
 1862 Horace S. Taylor 
 
 1863 Horace S. Taylor 
 
 1864 Horace S. Taylor 
 
 1865 Jotham Post 
 
 1866 Zachariah Dederick 
 
 1867 Zachariah Dederick 
 
 1868 Zachariah Dederick 
 
 1869 John T. Conover 
 
 1870 John T. Conover 
 
 1871 James F. Ferguson 
 
 1872 James F. Ferguson 
 
 1873 Eugene Van Benschoten 
 
 1874 Eugene Van Benschoten 
 187s Thaddeus M. B. Cross 
 
 1876 John A. Mapes 
 
 1877 John A. Mapes 
 
 1878 Royal E. Deane 
 
 1879 Frank H. Hinds 
 
 1880 Frank H. Hinds 
 
 1881 William Downes 
 
 1882 Charles Roome 
 
 1883 Charles Roome 
 
 1884 Albert G. Goodall 
 188s Warren A. Conover 
 
 1886 Warren A. Conover 
 
 1887 William F. Livermore 
 
 1888 Rollin M. Morgan 
 
 1889 Claudius M. Roome 
 
 1890 Geo. Whitfield Brown, Jr. 
 
 1891 Geo. E. W. Stivers 
 J892 John W. Sisson 
 
 1893 William E. Hoxie 
 
 1894 William D. Critcherson 
 189s Samuel T. Armstrong 
 i8g6 Charles Victor Twiss 
 
 1897 John Robert Gardner 
 
 1898 H. Eugene Stafford 
 
 1899 John R. Tresidder 
 
 King. 
 George Ackerman 
 John F. Robinson 
 Tames W. Powell 
 Peter H. Hopkins 
 Hamilton Dill 
 Samuel C. Swartz 
 Samuel C. Swartz 
 Alexander Frear 
 Alexander Frear 
 Alexander Frear 
 Alexander Frear 
 J. N. Balestier 
 J. N, Balestier 
 
 iotham Post 
 otham Post 
 otham Post 
 otham Post 
 ohn J. Crane 
 John T. Conover 
 John T. Conover 
 John T, Conover 
 Joseph H. Toone 
 James F. Ferguson 
 Eugene Van Benschoten 
 Eugene Van Benschoten 
 Thaddeus M. B. Cross 
 Thaddeus M. B. Cross 
 John A. Mapes 
 Albert G. Goodall 
 Albert G. Goodall 
 Frank H. Hinds 
 William Downes 
 William Downes 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Albert G. Goodall 
 Albert G. Goodall 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Albert M. Weir 
 William F. Livermore 
 Rollin M. Morgan 
 Claudius M. Roome 
 Geo. Whitfield Brown, Jr, 
 tames Holian 
 John W. Sisson 
 William E. Hoxie 
 William D. Critcherson 
 Samuel T. Armstrong 
 Charles Victor Twiss 
 John Robert Gardner 
 George J. Kilgen 
 John R. Tresidder 
 Thomas O. Bell 
 
 JJ: 
 
 ScltlBE. 
 
 J. H. Vonderleith 
 George S. Gibbons 
 George H. Andrews 
 James Narine 
 Samuel C. Swartz 
 E. W. Whipple 
 Alexander Frear 
 Royal G. Millard 
 James Narine 
 James Narine 
 James Narine 
 Charles B. Babcock, 
 Charles B. Babcock, 
 Zachariah Dederick 
 Robert G. Remsen 
 Robert G, Remsen 
 Robert G. Remsen 
 Robert G. Remsen 
 George L. Maxwell 
 Joseph H. Toone 
 Joseph H. Toone 
 James F. Ferguson 
 Eugene Van Benschoten 
 John P. P. White 
 John P. P. White 
 Robert H. Thomas 
 Albert G. Goodall 
 Albert G. Goodall 
 Royal E. Deaiie 
 Royal E. Deane 
 William Downes 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Coert Du Bois 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Albert M. Weir 
 William F. Livermore 
 Rollin M. Morgan 
 Claudius M. Roome 
 Geo. Whitfield Brown, 
 James Holian 
 Lilian H. Andrews 
 J. Harvey Connell 
 William D. Critcherson 
 Samuel T. Armstrong 
 Charles Victor Twiss 
 John Robert Gardner 
 George J. Kilgen 
 H. Eugene Stafford 
 Thomas O. Bell 
 William P. Martin 
 
 Jr. 
 
 Year. Captain of the Host. 
 
 1799 Thomas H. Kennedy 
 
 1800 William Hays 
 
 1801 James W. Brandt 
 
 1802 William Rodgers 
 
 1803 William Gibson 
 
 1804 George Weir 
 180s George Weir 
 
 1806 Amos Curtis 
 
 1807 Joseph Yates 
 
 1808 Alexander M. Stewart 
 
 1809 Robert Young 
 j8io Bush G. Brown 
 
 1811 George Woodruff 
 
 1812 George Woodruff 
 
 1813 R. N. Rosencrantz 
 
 1814 Joel Hart 
 
 1815 John Utt 
 
 Principal Sojoitrker. 
 William Hays 
 Thomas Holmes 
 William Rodgers 
 John E. West 
 Lewis Morris 
 Thomas Lownds 
 Thomas Lownds 
 Joseph Yates 
 Thomas Sketchley 
 Francis Dubuar 
 William T. Hunter 
 George B, Smith 
 George Clarke 
 George Clarke 
 John E. Russell 
 Isaac Tryon 
 Mathew Byrns 
 
 Royal Arch Captain. 
 William Fryate 
 Benjamin C. Stevenson 
 Thomas McCready 
 Thomas Holmes 
 Samuel Todd 
 William Rodgers 
 Tames L. Bell 
 John Westerfield 
 William A. Frayard 
 Joseph Robinson 
 Bush G. Brown 
 Philo Lewis 
 Joseph Robinson 
 Thomas Weir 
 Martin Vriden 
 Richard G. Lowery 
 Joseph Forrester 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS 
 
 327 
 
 Year. Captain of the Host. 
 
 1816 George Clarke 
 
 i8z7 George Clarke 
 
 1818 No record 
 
 1819 No record 
 
 1820 W. F. Piatt 
 
 1821 Kphraim Beeman 
 
 1822 Daniel H. Weed 
 
 1823 Reuben Green 
 
 1824 Hampton Dunham 
 
 1825 Charles Cleeve 
 
 1826 Abram D. Wilson 
 
 1827 Tames Robinson 
 
 1828 Ransom Crosby 
 
 1829 Ransom Crosby 
 
 1830 Levi Strangman 
 
 1831 Charles Adams 
 
 1832 William Sarisee 
 
 1833 Levi Strangman 
 
 1834 Levi Strangman 
 
 1835 Timothy P. Willard 
 2836 Smith Marvin 
 
 1837 Oliver Whittlesey 
 
 1838 Oliver Whittlesey 
 
 1839 Robert R. Boyd 
 
 1840 Alexander Copeland 
 
 1841 Greenfield Pote 
 
 1842 James Alcock 
 
 1843 William R. Goulding 
 
 1844 William H. Skeats 
 
 1845 Robert Speir 
 
 1846 Charles S. Rowell 
 
 1847 John F. Robinson 
 
 1848 John F. Robinson 
 
 1849 William H. Skeats 
 
 1850 Peter H. Hopkins 
 
 1851 George Skinner 
 
 1852 George Skinner 
 
 1853 George Skinner 
 
 1854 Charles W. Hull 
 185s George Skinner 
 
 1856 George Skinner 
 
 1857 George Skinner 
 
 1858 George Skinner 
 
 1859 Hamilton Dill 
 i860 Hamilton Dill 
 
 1861 John T. Refford 
 
 1862 George L. Maxwell 
 
 1863 Oscar C. Ferris 
 
 1864 Henry F. Quackenbos 
 
 1865 Matthew S. Chambers 
 
 1866 John H. Gray 
 
 1867 James F. Ferguson 
 
 1868 James F. Ferguson 
 
 1869 Charles H. Bailey 
 
 1870 Thaddeus M, B. Cross 
 
 1871 Matthew S. Chambers 
 
 1872 John A. Mapes 
 
 1873 Albert G. Goodall 
 
 1874 William H. Davis 
 187s William H. Davis 
 
 1876 William H. Davis 
 
 1877 Frank H. Hinds 
 
 1878 Warren A. Conover 
 
 1879 John H. Colgate 
 
 1880 Robert T. Arnold 
 
 1881 Robert T, Arnold 
 
 1882 James F. Ferguson 
 
 1883 Albert M. Weir 
 
 1884 William F. Livermore 
 i88s Rollin M. Morgan 
 
 1886 William H. Nesbit 
 
 1887 William H. Nesbit 
 
 Principal Sojourner. 
 Henry Roff 
 Barnard Boyden 
 No record 
 No record 
 Edward Riley 
 Peter Brewer 
 William Jessup 
 Lewis Belden 
 Charles Cleeve 
 Abram D. Wilson 
 Maurice Hoyt 
 Joseph C. Hart 
 James H. Teller 
 Maurice Hoyt 
 Richard H. Bingle 
 William Hilton 
 Christian Truss 
 William Sarisee 
 William Sarisee 
 Thomas L. Mathews 
 Oliver Whittlesey 
 Lewis Hendricks 
 Timothy P. Willard 
 Timothy P. Willard 
 James Herring, Jr. 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 Thomas Knapp 
 James Fowler 
 William H. Skeats 
 William H. Skeats 
 George S. Gibbons 
 Charles L. Church 
 Charles L. Church 
 William B. Shove 
 Thomas Hays 
 Thomas Hays 
 James M. Turner 
 G. W. Steinbrenner 
 Edward Bill 
 Edward G, Bradbury 
 G. W. Steinbrenner 
 Samuel C. Swartz 
 Samuel C. Swartz 
 G. W. Steinbrenner 
 Charles A. Rapallo 
 Edward G. Bradbury 
 Zachariah Dederick 
 Zachariah Dederick 
 Joseph H. Toone 
 John H. Gray 
 Hervey Brown 
 Geradus B. Docharty 
 Geradus B. Docharty 
 Thaddeus M. B. Cross 
 Thaddeus M. B. Cross 
 John A. Mapes 
 John A. Mapes 
 Frank H. Hinds 
 Frank H. Hinds 
 William Downes 
 John H. Colgate 
 Coert Du Bois 
 Coert Du Bois 
 Ernest A. Des Marets 
 Ernest A. Des Marets 
 John H. Colgate 
 John H. Colgate 
 Claudius M. Roome 
 Claudius M. Roome 
 Gro. Whitfield Brown. Jr 
 
 RovAL Arch Captain. 
 
 Hiram Betts 
 Hiram Betts 
 No record 
 No record 
 Ephraim Beeman 
 Jacob Whitman 
 John Coates 
 Hampton Dunham 
 Abram D. Wilson 
 William Rockwell 
 George Arnold 
 George W. Gantz 
 Levi Strangman 
 Charles Adams 
 Oliver Whittlesey 
 John Ridden 
 John Ridden 
 Timothy P. Willard 
 Timothy P. Willard 
 William Sarisee 
 No record 
 Levi Strangman 
 James MacKenzie 
 William W, Nexsen 
 Henry Hatch 
 Henry Hatch 
 James MacKenzie 
 James MacKenzie 
 James Fowler 
 Charles S. Rowell 
 Robert R. Boyd 
 W. St. Clair Nichols 
 Charles L. Church 
 J. H. Vonderleith 
 J. H. Vonderleith 
 James Neary 
 George C. Stone 
 James Narine 
 Thomas Hays 
 John F. Baldwin 
 James F. Mahon 
 Charles B. Babcock, Jr. 
 Charles B. Babcock, Jr. 
 Thomas C. M. Paton 
 Samuel Leggett 
 Herman B. Sears 
 Herman B. Sears 
 Herman B. Sears 
 Herman B. Sears 
 Herman B. Sears 
 Herman B. Sears 
 John T. Horton 
 Frank Markoe 
 John T. Horton 
 John T. Horton 
 John A. Mapes 
 Eugene Blondell 
 Eugene Blondell 
 Frank H. Hinds 
 Thomas Hodgson 
 William Downes 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Coert Du Bois 
 Robert T. Arnold 
 Albert M. Weir 
 Albert M. Weir 
 John W. Felthousen 
 Walter P. Montague 
 Walter P. Montague 
 John Tulley 
 Edward W. Martin 
 . Edward W. Martin 
 
328 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Year. Captain of the Host. 
 
 1888 James Holian 
 
 1889 Geo. E. W. Stivers 
 
 1890 Geo. E. W. Stivers 
 i8gi William E. Hoxie 
 
 1892 Henry B. Thornbury 
 
 1893 James H. Edwards 
 
 1894 John Robert Gardner 
 
 1895 H. Eugene Stafford 
 
 1896 H. Eugene Stafford 
 
 1897 Walter L. Dusenberry 
 
 1898 William P. Martin 
 
 1899 Frank H. Richmond 
 
 Principal Sojourner. 
 Lilian H. Andrews 
 Lilian H. Andrews 
 John W. Sisson 
 William D. Critcherson 
 Samuel T. Armstrong 
 Charles Victor Twiss 
 George J. Kilgen 
 George J. Kilgen 
 John R. Tresidder 
 John R. Tresidder 
 William H. Thomas 
 James Chambers 
 
 Royal Arch Captain. 
 Benjamin E. Givaudan 
 John W. Sisson 
 J. Harvey Connell 
 James H. Giles 
 Reno R. Billington 
 John Robert Gardner 
 Joel S. Mason 
 Daniel P. Pease 
 Walter L. Dusenberry 
 Louis F. Kiefer 
 Herbert M. Seem 
 Herbert M. Seem 
 
 Year. Master of Third Vail. 
 
 1799 William Adams 
 
 1800 Peter C. Schuyler 
 
 1801 Lewis Morris 
 
 1802 Samuel Todd 
 
 1803 Hugh McCulloch 
 
 1804 James L. Bell 
 
 1805 John Westerfield 
 
 1806 Stephen Baker 
 
 1807 William F. Stewart 
 
 1808 Philo Lewis 
 
 1809 Thomas Tanner 
 
 1810 Stephen Cave 
 
 181 1 James Gray 
 
 1812 James Dunlap 
 
 1813 George Weir 
 
 1814 Mathew Byrns 
 
 1815 Richard G. Lowery 
 
 1816 Thomas Weir 
 
 1817 William Davison 
 
 1818 No record 
 
 1819 No record 
 
 1820 Edward G. Wilson 
 
 1821 Luther Pratt 
 
 1822 William Schureman 
 
 1823 James G. Finn 
 
 1824 John Solomons 
 
 1825 Maurice Hoyt 
 
 1826 Cornelius T. Mcllwaine 
 
 1827 Willard Gladding 
 
 1828 Charles Adams 
 
 1829 William S. Johnson 
 
 1830 Jeremiah Driscoll 
 
 1831 Peter Field 
 
 1832 Charles B. Tappan 
 
 1833 John J. Rickers 
 
 1834 Thomas L. Mathews 
 
 1835 Lewis Hendricks 
 
 1836 No record 
 
 1837 Timothy P. Willard 
 
 1838 Isaac Pangburn 
 
 1839 Isaac Pangburn 
 
 1840 Enoch Walker 
 
 1841 Henry Wensel 
 
 1842 William R. Goulding 
 
 1843 Henry Wensel 
 
 1844 Henry Jessup 
 
 1845 Robert R. Boyd 
 
 1846 J. H. Vonderleith 
 
 1847 Anthony Cron 
 
 1848 James Lucy 
 
 1849 Robert R. Boyd 
 
 1850 Gurden Roberts 
 
 1851 J. F. Mahon 
 
 1852 James Narine 
 
 1853 C. B. Burckhardt 
 
 1854 Robert Ayres 
 
 Master of Second Vail, 
 James McKay 
 Daniel Williams 
 Daniel Williams 
 Lewis Morris 
 James Donaldson 
 Samuel Todd 
 Joseph Yates 
 John E. West 
 John E. Ruckle 
 Thomas Weir 
 John Phelps 
 Andrew Bremner 
 John Wark 
 John Doubleday 
 Joel Hart 
 Anthony Bellamy 
 John Westerfield 
 Zadock Seeley 
 William Patterson 
 No record 
 No record 
 John T. Gantz 
 John J. Gantz 
 Jacob Whitman 
 George Arnold 
 Henry Dwieht 
 William C. Housman 
 Nehemiah G. Miles 
 Henry Riell 
 Peter Van Pelt 
 Luther Halsey 
 James S. Harding 
 John Hodkinds 
 Ransom Crosby 
 Charles Adams 
 John Hodkinds 
 John F. Engold 
 No record 
 Smith Marvin 
 Lewis Packelton 
 Henry Hatch 
 John Newhouse 
 William R. Goulding 
 David Levison 
 Ferdinand Palmo 
 Thomas W. Morley 
 Henry W. Johnson 
 Robert Speir 
 Robert R. Boyd 
 Robert R. Boyd 
 James Fowler 
 tames Fowler, 
 Robert Speir 
 Alexander Frear 
 Preston Sheldon 
 G. W. Steinbrenner 
 
 Master of First Vaiu 
 Benjamin C. Stevenson 
 Benjamin Cheetham 
 Gilbert Lang 
 Daniel Williams 
 Andrew Brown 
 James Donaldson 
 Isaac Little 
 George Weir 
 Thomas Weir 
 Robert Charles 
 George Woodruff 
 Edwin Mathews 
 Philo Lewis 
 John McAlpine 
 Thomas Weir 
 Bartholomew de la Pierre 
 George Clarke 
 John R. LeCount 
 John J. Gantz 
 No record 
 No record 
 Daniel Wright 
 Luther Hines 
 James Macbeth 
 Joseph Kilpatrick 
 Anthony W. Jones 
 George Greenup 
 Thomas J. Morton 
 William Hilton 
 Luther Halsey 
 Jeremiah Driscoll 
 William Hilton 
 William Hoggs 
 John J. Rickers 
 Enoch C. Chapman 
 Peter Field 
 Joseph Heim 
 No record 
 
 Christian G. Gunther 
 Henry Hatch 
 John Newhouse 
 Henry Wensel 
 James Alcock 
 Joseph Freshbein 
 James Fowler 
 Charles S. Rowell 
 Ferdinand Palmo 
 John Newhouse 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 Anthony Cron 
 Samuel Gelston 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 Samuel McBurney 
 John M. Clark 
 J. C. Lucky 
 R. H. Daly 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS 
 
 329 
 
 Year. 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 1859 
 i860 
 1861 
 1862 
 J863 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 1867 
 186S 
 1869 
 J870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 1894 
 1895 
 1896 
 1897 
 
 Master of Third Vail. "1 
 W. K. Frank 
 W. K. Frank 
 Peter Gardner 
 Albert Bamberger 
 Morrel B. Spaulding 
 Julius M. Berghause 
 Charles A. Rapallo 
 Benjamin L. Swan, Jr. 
 John McCollum 
 John McCollum 
 John McCollum 
 Charles B. Peck 
 John P, P. White 
 Charles W. Crane 
 Charles C. Mowton 
 Charles C. Mowton 
 Royal E. Deane 
 Theodore A. Strange 
 Frank H. Hinds 
 Thomas Hodgson 
 William Downes 
 William S. Cobb 
 John H. Colgate 
 Robert T. Arnold 
 Albert M. Weir 
 Thomas Andrews 
 William F. Livermore 
 John H. Colgate 
 Rollin M. Morgan 
 Rollin M. Morgan 
 No appoin ttnent 
 William S. Alley 
 Charles T. Wills 
 Geo. E. W. Stivers 
 Russell W. Moore 
 Russell W. Moore 
 Henry B. Thornbury 
 George W. Sutton, Jr. 
 George J. Kilgen 
 Henry R. Mount 
 Henry W. Smith 
 Augustus S. Mapes 
 Benjamin W. Fryer 
 Henry W. Remington 
 Henry W. Remington 
 
 Master of Second Vail. 
 Adelmour W. King 
 Charles B, Hawley 
 Robert Ayres 
 Robert Ayres 
 Peter Gardner 
 Caleb D. Gildersleeve 
 Charles D. Mead 
 Edward G. Bradbury 
 Charles B. Babcock, Jr. 
 Benjamin L. Swan, Jr. 
 Benjamin D. Skidmore 
 James F. Ferguson 
 Hervey Brown 
 Charles H. Bailey 
 Benjamin Loder 
 Benjamin Loder 
 Theodore A. Strange 
 David A. Close 
 Thomas Hodgson 
 William Downes 
 John H. Colgate 
 Warren A. Conover 
 Coert Du Bois 
 Frank R. Nevins 
 George C. Soren 
 William M. Hoes 
 William M. Hoes 
 Walter P. Montague 
 Claudius M. Roome 
 Claudius M. Roome 
 No appointment 
 Geo. Whitfield Brown, Jr. 
 Geo. E. W. Stivers 
 Russell W. Moore 
 John F. Acker, Jr. 
 John F. Acker, Jr. 
 George S. Sturgis 
 James H. Edwards 
 Joel S. Mason 
 Samuel C. Wilson 
 Henry W. Remington 
 Benjamin W. Fryer 
 Frank Ludlam 
 Charles W. Stranahan 
 Henry O. Wolters 
 
 Master of First Vail. 
 C. B. Hawley 
 G. W. Steinbrenner 
 Robert L. North 
 G. W. Fredericks 
 Caleb D. Gildersleeve 
 Albert Bamberger 
 Morrel B. Spaulding 
 George H. Penniman 
 Zachariah Dederick 
 Charles B. Babcock, Jr. 
 John T. Horton 
 John T. Horton 
 Jonathan O. Halsey 
 Charles C. Mowton 
 John S. Waterbury 
 John S. Waterbury 
 Eugene Blondell 
 Harrison S. Barclay 
 William Downes 
 John H. Colgate 
 J. Henry Liebenau 
 Kasson C. Gibson 
 Robert T. Arnold 
 Dudley L. James 
 Thomas Andrews, Jr. 
 William H. Simonson 
 John W. Felthousen 
 Rollin M. Morgan 
 James F. Ferguson 
 Arthur B. Elliman 
 No appointment 
 Patrick D. L. Calder 
 Ed. L'Estrange Phipps 
 John F. Acker, Jr. 
 Robert F. Gurney 
 Henry B. Thornbury 
 Edward W. Curtis 
 Robert P. Jar man 
 Henry R. Mount 
 Frank B. Ward 
 Thomas O. Bell 
 Thomas O. Bell 
 Thomas O. Bell 
 Henry O. Wolters 
 Richard J. Secor 
 
 Year. 
 1799 to rSoi 
 J 802 to 1807 
 1808 
 1809 
 1810 
 t8ii 
 1812 to 1814 
 
 I8IS 
 I8I6 
 I8I7 
 
 1818 to 1819 
 
 1820 
 
 I 82 I to 1822 
 1823 to 1824 
 1825 to 1826 
 1827 to 1830 
 I 83 I to 1834 
 1835 to 1838 
 
 1839 
 
 1840 
 I84I 
 1842 
 
 Treasurer. 
 John Douglass 
 Thomas Waring 
 Amos Curtis 
 Alexander M. Stewart 
 Francis Dubaur 
 George B. Smith 
 Jacob Friday 
 Francis Dubaur 
 Jacob Friday 
 George W. Hyer 
 Thaddeus Whitlock 
 Zadock Seeley 
 Thaddeus Whitlock 
 William T. Hunter 
 James Herring, Jr. 
 Cornelius T. Mcllwaine 
 James G. Finn 
 James Westervelt 
 Richard Pennell 
 Bartholomew de la Pierre 
 Richard Pennell 
 William W. Nexsen 
 
 Year. 
 
 1843 to 1849 
 
 1850 to 1851 
 
 1852 to 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 to 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 i860 to 1872 
 
 1873 to 1884 
 
 i88s to 1888 
 
 1889 to 1899 
 
 1799 
 
 1800 
 
 i8or to 1802 
 
 1803 
 
 1804 
 
 1805 to 1806 
 
 1807 
 
 1809 
 
 Treasurer. 
 Bartholomew de la Pierre 
 Oscar Coles 
 James W. Powell 
 Robert Ayres 
 Adelmour W. King 
 Asa H. Bartlett 
 Adelmour W. King 
 Horace S. Taylor 
 Royal E. Deane 
 Charles A. Whitney 
 
 Secretary. 
 William McCulloch 
 James W. Brandt 
 Samuel Hewlett 
 Henry Newport 
 William Shippy 
 Benjamin C. Stevenson 
 John Westerfield 
 Joel Hart 
 Andrew Sitcher 
 
330 
 
 HISTORY OF JERUSALEM CHAPTER 
 
 Year. 
 
 1810 
 
 1811 
 
 1812 
 
 1813 
 
 1814 
 
 1815 
 
 1816 
 
 1S17 
 
 1818 to 1819 
 
 1820 
 
 1821 
 
 1822 
 
 J823 
 
 1824 to 1825 
 
 1826 to 1831 
 
 1832 to 1833 
 
 IS34 
 
 1835 to 1841 
 
 1842 
 
 1843 
 
 1844 to 1847 
 
 1850 
 1851 
 
 1852 to 1858 
 1859 to 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 to 1895 
 1896 to 1899 
 
 Secketasy. 
 William Shippy 
 Jonas Humbert, Jr. 
 Robert Taques 
 John Hoxie 
 George W. Hyer 
 Thaddeus Whitlock 
 William Osborn 
 Augustus Harbeck 
 No record 
 
 Thaddeus Whitlock 
 Patrick Mott 
 John Utt 
 Henry Basley 
 Neil Gray 
 William Belden 
 Charles N. Baldwin 
 John J. Rickers 
 A. H. Higbie 
 Frederick W. Leeds 
 James Shaw 
 William W. Nexsen 
 Samuel Gelston 
 Elias W. Nexsen 
 Samuel Drummond 
 Henry Stewart 
 John F. Robinson 
 Charles W. Sy 
 Ernest A. Des Marets 
 Alfred L. Ryer 
 Samuel C. 
 
 <yer 
 
 Wils 
 
 Year. 
 
 1799 
 
 1800 
 
 i8ot to 1807 
 
 1808 
 
 1809 to 1812 
 
 1813 
 
 1814 to 1817 
 
 1818 to 1821 
 
 1822 to 1823 
 
 1824 to 1826 
 
 1827 to 1829 
 
 1830 to 1831 
 
 1832 
 
 1833 to 1834 
 
 1835 
 
 183S to 1837 
 1838 to 1839 
 1840 to 1841 
 1842 
 1843 
 1844 
 
 184s to 1846 
 1847 to 1850 
 
 1851 
 
 1852 to 1855 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 1859 to 1899 
 
 Sentinel. 
 Daniel Williams 
 Ananias Archer 
 Gabriel Leggett 
 Alexander Reynolds 
 Companion Varian 
 Henry Rutzer 
 Thomas Lownds 
 John Utt 
 Peter N. Utt 
 Joseph Woods 
 James P. Higgins 
 Joseph Woods 
 Christian Truss 
 Lewis Hendricks 
 Smith Marvin 
 Thomas L. Mathews 
 James Thorbum 
 William Boardman 
 James Shaw 
 Timothy P. Willard 
 Henry Hatch 
 Thomas Knapp 
 Greenfield Pote 
 Sewall T. Fisk 
 D. H. Vansice 
 William B. Shove 
 John Ewing 
 D. H. Vansice 
 George Skinner