Hntt QJoUege of AgricuUttte _ . ^__ .Cornell University Library PA 2092.M8 Lessons in pharmaceutical Latin and pres 3 1924 014 556 652 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014556652 LESSONS , IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN AND PRESCRIPTION WRITING AND INTERPRETATION BY HUGH C. MULDOON, Ph.G. PKOFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, ALBANY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY TOTAL ISSUE, FIVE THOUSAND NEW YORK JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc. London: CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited Copyright, 1916 BY HUGH C. MULDOON PRESS OF BRAUNWORTH & CO. ■OOK MANUFACTURCRS BROOKLYN. N. Y. PREFACE This book is the product of several years' experience in the teaching of " Pharmaceutical Latin," and is designed to present, in a simple and practical manner, such rudi- ments of Latin as will enable the pharmacist to interpret correctly those portions of the language which he may encounter in the practice of his profession. It endeavors to teach these essentials in the limited time usually devoted to this subject, recognizing the fact that students come variously prepared in regard to both preliminary education and pharmaceutical training. Neither drug store experience nor previous knowledge of Latin on the part of the student is assumed, and careful explanation is made of such points as are likely to prove troublesome. Simplicity is obtained by spending but little time upon pronimciation; by omitting exceptions to general rules; by noting but four cases of the noun and adjective, with stress upon the Genitive; by simplifying the third declension as much as seems advisable; and by redudng verb work to a minimtun. The greater portion of the exercise work is on translation from Latin to English, and the exercises and sentences are carefully graded in difficulty and lead gradually into prescription work. Especial attention has been given to the writing of titles, and to prescriptions, the study of which is begim early in the course and continued imtil the end. Detailed explana- tion of Metric prescriptions is given, and the requirements iv PREFACE of " Harrison Law " prescriptions are noted. An unusally large number of prescriptions is presented, many of these having been selected from the files of prominent drug stores of Boston and vicinity. The appendix contains matter valuable for supplementary work and for reference, the Latin-English vocabulary being particularly complete. Though divided into twenty-five lessons, the course may, if advisable, be shortened by the omission of a portion of the exercises, or lengthened by the introduction of other work, such as the discussion of closely related pharmaceutical topics, and the introduction of bona fide prescriptions for inspection and interpretation. The reqxurements of the course of study presented in " The Pharmaceutical Syllabus " have been met, and though this volume is designed primarily as a text book for colleges of pharmacy, it is hoped that it may prove of value to the student of medicine, and also find a use as a reference book in the hands of the practising pharmacist and physician. H. C. M. Boston, Mass. June, igi6. CONTENTS CHAPTER rAGB I. Introductory i Why Latin is Used in Pliarmacy. Tlie Alphabet. English Pronunication. Roman Pronunciation. Parts of Speech. Gender. Number. Case. Nouns. Verbs. II. First Declension 8 Nouns. Adjectives. Translation from Latin to English. Translation from English to Latin. Subject. Limiting Noun. Predicate Nominative. Normal order of Latin Sentence. III. First Declension (continued) li Declining together a Noun and its Adjective; a Noun and a Limiting Noun. Direct Object. Translation of Sentences. IV. Second Declension i6 Masculine Nouns and Adjectives. Nouns in er. Use of in meaning "place where." V. Second Declension (continued) 20 Neuter Nouns and Adjectives. Greek Nouns in on. Names of Elements. VI. Adjectives of First and Second Declensions 24 Adjectives in er. Agreement in Gender, Number, and Case. Latinizing Names of Acids. Formation of Adjectives from other words. VII. Nomenclature 29 Capitalization. Single Words. Noun and Adjective. Parts of Plants. Pharmaceutical Preparations. Names of Classes of Preparations. VIII. Nomenclature (continued) 33 Chemical Compounds. Acids. Arrangement of Adjectives. Declension of Titles. IX. Nomenclature (continued) 37 Use of Prepositions and Conjunctions. Modern Words, not Latinized. Compound Words. Alkaloids. Cardinal Numeral Adjectives i to 20. Declension of unus, duo, and tres. X. Nomenclature (continued) 43 Latinizing words in in and ine. Cardinal Numeral Adjec- tives 20 to 1000. Declension of mille. V vi CONTENTS CHArTBIt 'AC^ XI. Ordinal Numeral Adjectives 46 Reading and Writing Fractions. Use of semis and dimi- ditim. Abbreviations and Symbols of Apothecaries' Weights and Measures. XII. The Prescription Si Definition. Simple. Complex. Polypharmacal. Parts of Prescription. Parts of Inscription. Abbreviations. Gram- matical Construction. "External Use," "Shake," and "Poi- son" Labels. Abbreviations. XIII. The Prescription (continued) S8 Indicating an Unusual Dose. Determining an Excessive Dose. Modes of Administration. Veterinary Doses. "Har- rison Law" Prescriptions. Prescriptions "by parts." Ex- ceptional Prescriptions. Abbreviations. XIV. Metric Prescriptions 64 Measures of Volume and Weight. Metric Equivalents. Abbreviations. XV. First Conjugation Verbs 68 Principal Parts. Use. of Verb Forms. Abbreviations. XVI. Second, Third, and Fourth Conjugations 73 Verb fio. Abbreviations. XVII. Third Declension Nouns 78 Masculine and Feminine Case Endings. Group i. Names of Acid Radicals. Latinizing Names of Acid Radicals of Oxy-acids. Use with Adjectives of Other Declensions. Abbre- viations. XVIII. Third Declension (continued) 83 Group 2, Nouns in is. Group 3, Nouns in x. Abbre- viations. XIX. Third Declension (continued) 87 Neuter Endings. Group 4, Nouns in ma. Group 5, Nouns in ol. Abbreviations. XX. Third Declension Adjectives 91 Adjectives of Two Terminations. Use with Nouns of Other Declensions. Abbreviations. XXI. Third Declension Adjectives (continued) 95 Adjectives of One Termination. Adjectives in ex and ns. Abbreviations. XXII. Fourth Declension 99 Prepositions Requiring the Ablative. Prepositions Requir- ing the Accusative. Abbreviations. CONTENTS VU CHAPTER PAGE XXIII. Fifth Declension 103 Greek Prefixes. Latin Prefixes. Prefixes not Derived from Numerals. Indeclinable Nouns. XXIV. Comparison of Adjectives 107 Irregular Comparison. Declension of Comparatives. For- mation of Adverbs. Comparison of Adverbs. XXV. Common Svnonyms iii "Signas" to translate. Prescriptions. APPENDIX List of Abbreviations 115 Topics for Class Discussion ; . . 120 Prescriptions for Interpretation 121 Roman Numerals 1 24 Cardinal Numeral Adjectives < 1 25 Ordinal Numeral Adjectives 125 Tables of Declensions of Nouns 1 26 Tables of Declensions of Adjectives 1 29 Tables of Conjugations 130 Latin-English Vocabulary 140 English-Latin Vocabulary 159 Index > 170 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY Why Latin is Used in Pharmacy. Before iindertaking the study of that portion of the Latin language directly related to phamaacy, some notice should be taken of the reasons why this ancient language should find a present-day use in chemical and phannaceutical nomenclature, and par- ticularly in the writing of prescriptions. Its emplo)Tnent for these purposes is not of recent origin, but may be traced back through the centuries to the time of the ancient Romans, and presents but one of the many evidences of the antiqmty of the sciences of medicine and pharmacy. Several reasons may be advanced for the desirability of its continued use. In the first place it is a " dead " language, no longer used as a conversational language by any people, and consequently there is no increase in its vocabulary and the meanings of its words do not change. This is entirely true of classical Latin, which is the foxmda- tion of Phannaceutical Latin, though the latter does in- crease its vocabulary. New words with Latinized forms are coined as the need for them arises, but the meanings of 2 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN the words so formed do not change any more than do the meanings of the words of classical Latin. A second reason for its retention is that it is a imiversal language, imderstood by educated persons in all parts of the world, and so may be used as a means of international commimication. By learning to read Latin, the pharmacist rids himself of the necessity of becoming familiar with the numerous modern languages, inasmuch as a prescription properly written in Latin may be interpreted by a trained pharmacist in any coimtry, regardless of the nationality of the prescriber. Thus a Latin prescription written by a German physician may be interpreted in Italy, England, or the United States, or a prescription by an American phy- sician, in any foreign coimtry. This is of great convenience to the traveling public. A third reason is that in many instances the Latin names of drugs and chemicals are more distinctive than are their vernacular names, which vary in different coimtries, or even in different parts of the same country. The use of the Latin name thus lessens the liability of error in dispensing. If " snake root " is prescribed, any one of several drugs might properly be dispensed; but if the Latin name " ser- pentaria " is employed, only " Virginia snake root " may be used. " Wintergreen " may mean either " gaultheria " or " chimaphilia," and " chamomile " either " anthemis " or " matricaria." Numerous other examples might be given. The use of Latin also helps to conceal the kind of med- icine being taken, and perhaps the nature of the disease being treated, from the patient himself, if this be desirable, and also from other inqmsitive persons who may have a more or less legitimate interest in the patient. That this is sometimes necessary may be readily imderstood. INTRODUCTORY 3 Various arguments have been advanced to show the advisability of discontinuing the use of Latin in medicine and pharmacy. Some of them are well founded, but the sur- vival of its use for so long a period of time seems to in- dicate that it supplies a real need, else it would have long since fallen into disuse. 2. The Alphabet. For our purpose the Latin alphabet contains the same letters as does the English. The alphabet of classical Latin does not contain the letters w and j, k is seldom used, and y and z occur chiefly in words borrowed from the Greek. In Pharmaceutical Latin these letters appear in modem words which have been given Latin forms. 3. The Vowels. The vowels are a, e, i, 0, u, and y; other letters are consonants. 4. Pronunciation. The proper method of pronunciation to use for Pharmaceutical Latin seems to be, on the whole, a matter of individual taste. For classical Latin two dis- tinct methods are employed: the Roman, preferred generally by scholars, which aims to reproduce the pronunciation of the ancient Romans; and the Enghsh method, by which the words are in the main pronounced as in English. Though the latter method is recommended as being the more prac- tical because of its similarity to English, it will be found that many prominent men in the profession use the Roman method, or perhaps, more generally, a mingling of the two methods. It is difficult for students who have learned the Roman method in their study of classical Latin to change to the English method, and vice versa, and while tables showing the principles of both methods are included, we consider the matter of pronunciation as of secondary importance and something to be learned in the classroom mider the guidance of an instructor. In the interest of simplicity diacritical marks have been generally omitted 4 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN throughout the text and the use of one of the more complete Latin-English dictionaries is recommended to those persons who may use this work for self-instruction. It is much more practical for a pharmacist to be able to interpret a pre- scription correctly, than it is for him to be able to pronounce in a faultless manner the Latin contained therein. 5. Principles of the English Method. VOWELS a as in paper a as in fat e as in me e as in get i as in mine i as in lid 6 as in note 6 as in hot u as in tube fl as in pull y as i in fine y as i in since Diphthongs are combinations of vowels expressed by a simple soimd. The commoner ones are pronounced as follows: ae as e oe as e, or e au as 6 in 6r. eu as u. As a rule the consonants are pronoimced as in English words. Final es is pronounced as ease, c and g are hard (c, as in cake, g, as in gas) before the vowels a, 0, and u, and before all consonants, including h. 6. Principles of the Roman Method. VOWELS £ as in arm & as in ask e as in prey e as in met i as in machine i as in pin 5 as in tone 6 as in for u as 00 in tool a. as 00 in took INTRODUCTORY 5 Y is pronounced as the German ii, a sound intermediate between u and i. DIPHTHONGS ae as ai in aisle ce as oi in toil au as ou in our eu as eu in feud CONSONANTS c is pronovmced as k j as y in yes g as g in go ph as f V as w ia went ch as k. 7. Syllables. Each Latin word has as many syllables as it has vowels and diphthongs, as gla-ci-a'-le. All final vowels are pronotmced, as ma'-sti-che. A single consonant standing between two vowels is pro- noimced with the following vowel, as a'-qua. Of two or more consonants standing between two vowels, as many are joined to the following vowel as can be pro- nounced with it, as ex-trac'-tum. 8. Accent. The final syllable of a word is called the tiltima; the next to the last the penult; and the one pre- ceding the penult, the antepenult. Words of two syllables have the accent on the penult; sa'-po; bo'-nus. Words of more than two syllables have the accent on the penult, if the penult is long, otherwise on the antepeniilt; a-ce'-tum; a'-my-lum. The ultima is never accented. 9. Parts of Speech. The parts of speech are the same as in English with the exception that there is no article, the words "the," "an" and "a" being supplied in the translation as they are needed. Thus: aqua, the water; puella, a girl; extractum, an extract. '6 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 10. Genders. There are three genders, masculine, fem- inine, and neuter. The gender is determined sometimes as in English, by the meaning of the word, but more often by grammatical rules which consider its termination. Names of males are masculine, and of females, feminine; but many words that in English are of neuter gender, in Latin are either masculine, feminine, or neuter, according to their endings. Thus, tinctura, a tinctiure, ending in a, is feminine; syrupus, a sjnnip, ending in us is masculine; and eztractxxm, an extract, ending in um is neuter. Names of countries and trees are feminine without regard to their ending. All indeclinable nouns are neuter, 11. Numbers. As in English there are two numbers, singular and plural, though the plural forms of many of the noims are seldom used. 12. Cases. Six cases are used in classical Latin, but in " Pharmaceutical Latin " we have to do with but foiu:, viz.: Nominative, Genitive, Accusative, and Ablative. Of these, the Nominative and Genitive, in the singular nimiber, are of the most importance. The Nominative is the naming case, corresponding to the English nominative; the Genitive denotes possession, and is translated by the possessive ceise, or by the objective case with the preposition " of "; the Accusative corresponds to the objective case in English, and the Ablative is translated by the objective case with the prepositions " with," " by " or " from." 13. Nouns. There are five different declensions, each of which has a distinctive set of case endings which must be committed to memory. Noims of each declension are de- clined by adding these special case endings to a basic part of the word which remains imchanged throughout the de- clension. INTRODUCTORY 7 14. Verbs. There are many irregular verbs, in addition to the four regular conjugations, but as verbs appear in " Pharmaceutical Latin " to only a limited extent, their study is simplified by noting only a few of the necessary forms for each conjugation. CHAPTER II FIRST DECLENSION 15. Nouns of the first declension end in a and are declined as follows: Singular N. medicin-a, a medicine G. medicin-ae, of a medicine Ac. medicin-am, a medicine Ab. medicin-a, with, by, or from a medicine Plural Case Endings Sing. PIu. N. medicin-ae medicines a ae G. medicin-arum, of medicines as arum Ac. medicin-as, medicines am as Ab. medicin-is, with, by, or from medicines a is Commit to memory the table of terminations and apply to nouns and adjectives of the first declension. Adjectives of this declension end in a., and are declined in the same manner as nouns. Note that the Genitive singular and the Nominative plural are alike, their translation into English depending upon the construction of the sentence in which they stand. The Ablative singular differs from the Nominative singular only by being long in quantity. 16. Translating from Latin to English. It will be ob- served from a study of the above paradigm, that a single Latin word may be used to express a thought which in English 8 FIRST DECLENSION 9 requires more than one word, and that by a simple exchange of case endings a different meaning may be conveyed. To obtain the EngUsh equivalent of a Latin word, the basic part of the word to which the case ending has been added is first considered, and its meaning determined. Next, the case ending is observed, and if necessary the relationship to other words is studied, and the proper translation care- fully determiaed. As an example, consider the word cap- sula. If capsula is used it means simply " a capsule." Capsulse may be either in the Genitive singular, translated " of a capsule," or in the Nominative plural, in which case it means " capsules." Which translation to use is decided upon after considering the sentence as a whole, and noting the 'relationship of the words to each other. Capsulam means " a capsule " and is the form which is used as the object of a verb or of a preposition. Capsula will be trans- lated " with," " by," or " from a capsule " as the meaning of the sentence may require. The plural forms are trans- lated in a similar manner. 17. Translating from English to Latin. Li translating from EngUsh to Latin, we first determine the Latin word which will express the intended meaning, and then give to it the proper case ending. If we wish to write simply the Latia word for " medicine," or to have it stand as the sub- ject of a sentence, medicina is used. To express " of a med- icine," we take the word medicina and give to it the ending of the Genitive singular case, medicinse. " Of medicines " would be written medicinarum, using the plural case ending because more than one medicine is indicated. To write " with medicine," " with a medicine " or " with the med- icine " we use the Ablative singular, medicina. Medicinis would mean " with medicines," and in like manner we make use of each of the various cases. 10 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN i8. VOCABULARY alba, s, adj. white. flava, 86, adj. yellow. amara, se, adj. bitter. fluida, ae, adj. fluid. ammonia, se, f. ammonia. herba, ae, f. herb. aqua, se, f. water. massa, ae, f. mass. amica, ae, f. arnica. medicina, ae, f. medicine. belladonna, ae, i. belladonna. mistura, ae, f. mixture. bona, SB, adj. good. multa, ae, adj. many, much. cafieina, », f. caffeine. pilula, ae, f. pill. camphora, ee, f. camphor. pura, ae, adj. pure. capsula, ae, f. capsule. quinina, ae, f. quinine. drachma, se, {. drachm. rosa, ae, f. rose. dura, se, adj. hard. sunt, V. (they) are. est, V. he (she, it) is. tinctura, ae, f. tincture. et, conj. and. uncia, ae, f. ounce. With the exception of a few nouns from the Greek 'end- ing in ma, all nouns ending in a belong to the first de- clension. Drachma ends in ma, but it is a first-declension noun. The adjectives in the above vocabulary have been given the feminine ending, and in their present form are to be used only with feminine nouns. Decline in English and in Latin all noims in the vocab- ulary. 19. The Subject. The subject of a finite verb is in the Nominative case. Rosa est alba, the rose is white. 20. Limiting Noun. A noim limiting another noun and not meaning the same person or thing is put in the Gen- itive case. Capsula cArrEiN.^, a capsule of caffeine. Tinc- tura arniCjE est fluida, tincture of amica is a fluid. 21. Predicate Nominative. A noun or adjective in the predicate, referring to the same person or thing as the subject, is put in the Nominative case. A Predicate Nom- inative is used with est or sunt or some other form of the verb " to be." FIRST DECLENSION 11 Belladonna est medicina, belladonna is a medicine. Aqua est fluida, water is a fluid. Pilulse sunt alb^, the pills are white. 22. The Latin Sentence. The normal order of words in a Latin sentence is as follows: stibject, modifiers of sub- ject, modifiers of the verb, and, finally, the verb. The direct object is placed before the verb, and the Predicate Nom- inative either before or immediately following. An adjective follows the noun which it modifies. In " Pharmaceutical Latin " this order is often changed. 23. Translate, i. Medicina amara. 2. Rosa alba. 3. Rosas albse. 4. Tinctura belladonnas. 5. Misturam bonam. 6. Massa pilularum. 7. Pilulse qiiininse. 8. Capsula caf- feinse. 9. Aqua ammonias. 10. Aquas purae. 11. Tincturas amicffi. 12. Drachma aquas rosas. 13. Medicinae sunt ama- rae. 14. Tinctura belladonnas medicina bona est. 15. Pil- ulse quininas sunt albas. 16. Rosas sxmt flavas. 17. Massa pilularum est flava. 18. Tinctura arnicas et aqua camphorae sunt fluidas. 19. Herbae multae simt medicinae bonas. 20. Tinctura belladonnas est pura. 21. Mistura medicinarum multarum est amara. 22. Aquas, tinctures, et misturas, sunt fluidas. 23. Pilulae caffeinas dura et albas sunt. 24. Tinctura amara est fluida flava. 24. Write in Latin, i. White pill. 2. White pills. 3. Of a white piU. 4. Of white piUs. 5. Good medicine. 6. Of a yellow mixture. 7. An oimce of the tincture. 8. Of the tincture of belladonna. 9. A tincture of arnica. 10. Capsules of caffeine. 11. The water is pure. 12. The mix- ture is bitter. 13. Rose water (water of rose) is a fluid. 14. The capsule of quinine is white. 15. Tinctures are good medicines. 16. Many medicines are bitter mixtures. CHAPTER III FIRST DECLENSION {Continue^ 25. Declension of Noun and Adjective. In declining together a noun and its adjective modifier, the adjective as well as the noun undergoes all of the case changes. Thus: Singular N. capsula alba, a white caspule G. capsulse albae, of a white capsule Ac. capsulam albam, a white capsule Ab. capsula alba, with, by, or from a white capsule Plukal N. capsulse albae, white capsules G. capsularum albarum, of white capsules Ac. capsulas albas, white capsules Ab. capsulis albis, with, by, or from white capsules Decline together: charta medicata; pilula amara; medi- cina bona; essentia pura. 26. Declension of Two Nouns. In declining together two nouns, one of which limits the other, the limiting noim, which is in the Gentive case, remains imchanged throughout the declension, while the noun in the Nominative is regularly declined. The reason for this may be seen by noting the English translation. Thus: 12 FIRST DECLENSION ifimtinued) 13 Singular N. pilula strychninsB, a pill of strychnine G. pilulse strychninse, of a pill of strychnine Ac. pilulam strychninse, a pill of strychnine Ab. pilula strychninse, with, by, or from a pill of strychnine Plural N. pilulse strychninse, pills of strychnine G. pilularum strychninse, of pills of strychnine Ac. pilulas strychninse, pills of strychnine Ab. pilulis strychninse, with, by, or from pills of strychnine Decline together: Tinctura herbarum; mistura medicina- rum; pilula quininse; capsula caffeinse. 27. Direct Object. The direct object of a verb is in the Accusative case. Puella medicjnam habet, the girl has the medicine. Medicinas miscet, he mixes the medicines. Recipe and other verbs in the Imperative mode are not exceptions to this rule. Recipe unclam tincturse, you take an oimce of the tincture. Recipe drachmam amicae, you take a drachm of arnica. 28. Subject of Verb. In using Latin verbs the subject may be expressed, as puella tincturam habet, the girl has the tincture; or it may be interpreted from the ending of the verb, as Medicinam habET, he (she, it) has the medicine. Medicinam habENT, they have the medicine. 29. Translation of Sentences. In translating a Latin sentence, note first whether the verb is singular or plural. If singular, look for a noun in the Nominative singular for its subject; if plural, its subject will be in the Nominative plural. If the subject is not expressed, it is supplied accord- ing to the ending of the verb, using " he," " she," or " it," if the verb is singular, and " they " if plural. Should the 14 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN verb be est or sunt or some other form of the verb " to be," look for a noun or adjective which ma^ be in the position of a Predicate Nominative. If the verb is not some form of " to be " look for a noirn in the Accusative which may be the direct object. The framework of the sentence is now complete, and the next task is to translate the remaining words in connection with the words which they modify, remembering that adjectives are generally placed after their nouns, and for the present will have similar case endings. 30 VOCABULARY acacia, se, f. acacia; gum arable. magnesia, ae, f. magnesia. aloe,* es, f. aloe. mastiche,* es, f. mastic. amygdala, se, f. almond. medicata, ae, adj. medicated. asafoetida, se, f. asafetida. mentha, ae, f. mint. charta, ae, f. paper. miscet, v he, (she, it) cinchona, 86, f. f cinchona. \ calisaya. miscent, v. mixes, they mix. cocaina, ae, f. cocaine. non, adv. not. copia, se, f. plenty. phiala, ae, f. bottle; vial. creta, ae, f. essentia, ae, f. chalk, essence. piperita, », adj. • peppery, pepper. gaultheria, se, f j gaultheria. I wintergreen. puella, ae, f. recipe, v. imper. giri. you take. gutta, ae, f. drop. spatula, ae, f. spatula, ladle habet, v. he (she, it) has. strychnina, ae, f. strychnine. habent, v. they have. vanilla, ae, f. vanilla. The adjectives in the above vocabulary have been given the feminine ending and in their present form are to be used only with feminine nouns. 31. Translate, i. Essentia vanillse. 2. Uncia strych- ninae. 3. Pilulae aloes. 4. Tinctura cinchonae flav3e. 5. Drachmam essentiae menthae piperitae. 6. Mistura cretae *"Aloe" and "mastiche" are nouns of Greek derivation and belong to this declension. In the singular their endings are: N. e, Gen. es, Ac. en, Ab. e; their plural endings are regular. FIKST DECLENSION {Pordinued) 15 albae. 7. Mistura cretae alba. 8. Amygdalae sunt amarae. 9. Tincturam vaniljse habet. 10. Tincturas multas non habent. 11. Recipe unciam tincturae gaultherias. 12. Re- cipe drachmam tincturae menthae piperitae et unciam aquae. 13. Pilulas albas strydminae amarae habet. 14. Pilulae amarae aloes et mastiches sunt durae. 15. Puella phialam strydminae habet. 16. Medicinas spatula miscet. 17. Recipe capsulam Strydminae et beUadonnae. 18. Cocaina et strych- nina non sunt fluidae. ■ 19. Puella medicinas flmdas multas miscet. 20. Mentha piperita est herba. 21. Magnesia est alba. 22. Unciam tincturae vanillae et drachmam aquae miscet. 23. Mistura cretae non est medicina amara. 24. Asafcetida herba non est. 32. Write in Latin, i. An oimce of belladonna. 2. A drachmof acada. 3. Of the tincture of asafetida. 4. Of the essence of wintergreen. 5. Bitter tincture of aloe. 6. Cap- sule of strychnine. 7. Of peppermint. 8. He mixes pure medicines. 9. Quinine is a bitter medicine. 10. The chalk mixture is white. 11. They mix tinctures and waters. 12. They have medicated papers. 13. Many piUs are hard and white. 14. You take a drachm of the tincture of winter- green. 15. It is not good. 16. You take an oimce of acada and an ounce of rose water. CHAPTER IV SECOND DECLENSION. MASCULINE NOUNS 33. Nouns of the second declension commonly end in us or um, and in this chapter those noims ending in us are considered. These noims are masculine in gender, except such nouns as ficus, fig, juniperus, jimiper, and prtinus, plum tree, which are feminine by exception. Us nouns are declined as follows: N. syrup-us, G. syrup-i, Ac. syrup-um, Ab. syrup-o, Singular a syrup of a syrup a syrup with, by, or from a syrup Plural N. syrup-i, G. syrup-orum, Ac. syrup-OS, Ab. syrup-is, Case Sing. us i um Endings Plu. i orum OS is syrups of syrups syrups with, by, or from syrups From the above paradigm it will be noted that o in the second declension takes the place of the a of the first de- clension in the Ablative singular and in the Genitive and Accusative plural. If i precedes the us of the Nominative singular, the Gen- itive singular ending will be ii and the Ablative plural will end in iis. Ex. : Nom. congius. Gen. congii, etc. 16 SECOND DECLENSION. MASCULINE NOUNS 17 Commit to memory the table of terminations and apply to us noims and adjectives of the second declension. Second declension adjectives ending in us are declined in the same manner as are the noims. 34- VOCABULARY aconitina, n, f. aconitine. gratus, i, adj. pleasing. segrotus, i, adj. alcoholicus, i, adj. sick, alcoholic. hyoscyamus, i, m. ■ hyoscyamus, henbane. althsea, s, f. r althaea. I marshmallow. misce, v. imper. mix (thou at you). aromaticus, i, adj. aromatic. ^octarius, i, m. pint. caryophyllus, i, m clove. phannacopceia, se, {. pharmacopaeia. cera, se, f. wax. phosphorus, i, m. phosphorus compositus, i, adj compound. puer, i, m. boy. congius, i, m. gallon. scatula, se, t. box. emeticus, i, adj. emetic. scilla, se, f. squill. ezpressus, i, adj. expressed. scrupulus, i, m. scruple. fluidiachma, se, f. fluid drachm. succus, i, m. juice. fluiduncia, se, f. fluid ounce. tabeUa, se, f. tablet. glycyrrhiza, se, f. licorice. tolutanus, i, adj. of tolu. The adjectives in the above vocabulary have been given the masculine ending and in their present form are to be used only with masculine nouns. There are a few nouns and adjectives of the second de- clension which end in er. They are masculine in gender and are irregular only in the Nominative singular. Ex. puer, boy; ruber, red. Decline: succus expressus; sjniipus compositus; gallon of syrup; sick boy. 35. Place Where. In, meaning " place where," is fol- lowed by the Ablative case. Ex. : Medicina est in phiala, the medicine is in the bottle. Tabella est in scatxtla, the tablet is in the box. 36. Translate, i. Syrupi aromatid. 2. Fluidundam sjt:- upisdllas. 3. Scrupulum strychninae. 4. Octarium essentiae 18 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN menthas piperitse. 5. Syrupi fici. 6. Drachma caryophyl- lorum. 7. Succus expressus. 8. Cera est alba. 9. Pueri sirnt aegroti. 10. Tabells amarae sunt in scatula. 11. Althaea at acada sunt albae. 12. Recipe unciam cerae flavae. 13. Syrupus glycyrrhizae est gratus. 14. Puer aegrotus misturam amaram habet. 15. Caryophylli sunt aromatici. 16. Puella octarium syrupi fici habet. 17. Syrupus tolutanus non est emeticus. 18. Tinctura hyoscyami est in phiala. 19. Misce sjTiipum acadae et aquam rosae. 20. Medicinae multae bonae in Pharmacopoeia sunt. 2 1 . Recipe drachmam s)Tupi tolutani et scrupiilum quininas. 22. Tabellas aconitinae stmt albae. 23. Syrupus scillae compositus est in Pharmacopoeia. 24. Octarium syrupi tolutani et fluidrachmam tincturae hyoscyami habent. 37. Write in Latin, i. Of Jimiper. 2, A scruple of marshmallow. 3. An ounce of cloves. 4. Of an aromatic syrup. 5. A gallon of the syrup of squill. 6. A drachm of aconitine. 7. Of a compoimd S3Tup. 8. Licorice sjTrup. 9. The boy is sick. 10. You take the white wax. 11. The boy has the expressed Juice of an herb. 12. Syrups are not alcoholic. 13. Mix the strychnine and the caffeine. 14. The tablets of aconitine are in the box. 15. The girl has tincture of beUadoima and tincture of hyoscyamus. 16. You mix a drachm of gum arable and an oimce of rose water. 38. Correct Errors, if Any. i. Syrupus aromatica. 2. Puer aegrotum. 3. Tabella glycyrrhiza. 4. Cera alba. 5. Pilulae strychninae. 6. Aqua menthae piperita. 7. Guttas tincturam asafetidae. 8. Tinctura aloarum. 9. Undam tinctura mentha piperitae. 10. Scrupulum syrupi sdllae. n. Misce strychnina et aconitina. 12. Succus expressum. 13. Tinctura hyoscyamae. 14. Syrupus compositus. 15. Octarium tincturae. 16. Syrupi tolutani. 17. Misce scrupulus strych- ninae et congiiun syrupi acaciae. 18. Redpe cocaina et strych- SECOND DECLENSION. MASCULINE NOUNS 19 nina. 19. Recipe scrupulus cocaine et drachmam strych- ninae. 20. Miscet tincturam et syrupiim. 21. Phialam tincturae cinchonae habet. 22. Tinctura aloes est amaram. 23. Strychnina est albam et amara. 24. Misce syrupus glycerrhizae et tinctura cinchona. 25. Pueri habent multas medicinas. CHAPTER V SECOND DECLENSION. NEUTER NOUNS 39. Nouns of the second declension which end in um, are neuter in gender and are decUned as follows: N. acid-um, G. acid-i, Ac. acid-um, Ab. acid-o, N. acid-a, G. acid-orum, Ac. acid-a, Ab. acid-is, SiNGxn-AR an acid of an acid an acid with, by, or from an add Plural acids of acids acids with, by, or from adds Case Endings Sing. Plu. um i um a orum a is The case endings differ from those of the masculine nouns in that the Nominative singular ends in um and the Nominative and Accusative plural end in a. Commit to memory the table of terminations and apply them to neuter nouns and adjectives of this de- clension. Neuter adjectives of the second declension end in um, and are declined in the same manner as are the noims. 20 SECOND DECLENSION. NEUTER NOUNS 21 40. VOCABULARY aconitum, i, n. aconite. folium, i, n. leaf. anunonimn, i, n. ammo- hydrochloricum, i, adj. hydro- nium. chloric amylum, i, n. starch. hydroxidum, i, n. hydroxide ante, prep, (with Ac.) before. iodidum, i, n. iodide. antidotum, i, n. antidote. iodum, i, n. iodine. aurantium, i, n. orange. lazativum, i, adj. laxative. bromidum, i, n. bromide. nitricum, i, adj. nitric. chloridvim, i, n. chloride. opium, i, n. opium. cibus, i, m. food. ozidum, i, n. oxide. corrosiTum, i, adj. corrosive. post, prep, (with Ac.) after. decoctum, i, n. decoction. rheum, i, n. rhubarb. dilutum, i, adj. diluted. somnus, i, m. sleep. eztractum, i, n. an extract. sulphidtim, i, n. sulphide. fluideztractum, i, n. fluidex- sulphuricum, i, adj. sulphuric. tract. venenum, i, n. poison. The adjectives of the above vocabulary have been given the neuter form, which is to be used only with neuter nouns. There are a few nouns of Greek origin belonging to this group of second declension nouns. Their Nominative sin- gular ends in on, and their smgular case endings are: N. on. Gen. i, Ac. on, and Ab. o. Among these nouns may be noted, eriodictyon, i, n. eriodictyon, yerba santa; erythroxylon, i, n. coca; and hsematozylon, i, n. logwood. Decline in singular, decoction of herbs; extract of hyos- cyamus; syrup of orange; iodide of sodium. 41. Names of Elements. With the exception of phos- phorus, which has already been noticed as a masculine noun of the second declension, and sulphur, which will be studied as a third declension noun, the Latin names of all the elements end in um. This classes them as neuter nouns of the second declension. The names of the elements of greatest importance in pharmaceutical work are as follows: 22 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Latin Name. Symbol. English Name. Aluminum (Aluminium) Al Aluminum. Antimonium (Stibium) Sb Antimony. Argentum Ag Silver. Arsenum (Arsenicum). As Arsenic. Aurum Au Gold. Barium Ba Barium. Bismuthum Bi Bismuth. Bromum Br Bromine. Cadmium Cd Cadmium. Calcium Ca Calcium. Carboneum C Carbon. Cerium Ce Cerium. Chlorum CI Chlorine. Cliromium Cr Chromium. Cuprum Cu Copper. Ferrum Fe Iron. Hydrargyrum Hg Mercury. Hydrogenium H Hydrogen. ledum I Iodine. Litliium Li Lithium. Magnesium Mg ....... Magnesium. Manganum Mn Manganese. Ozygenium O Oxygen. Plumbum Pb Lead. Potassium (Kalium) K Potassium. Sodium (Natrium) Na Sodium. Strontitmi Sr Strontium. Zincum Zn Zinc. Give the Nominative and Genitive Singular Forms of the Following. Fluidextract of rhubarb. Tincture of opium. Silver oxide. Chloride of copper. Fluidextract of aconite. Syrup of yerba santa. Chlorine water. Oxide of iron. Chloride of mercury. Nitric acid. Tincture of iodine. Alu- minum oxide. Leaf of hyoscyamus. Potassium bromide. Yellow iodide of mercury. Yellow oxide of mercury. Diluted sulphuric acid. Sodium iodide. Syrup of orange. Sulphide of antimony. Calcium chloride. Potassiiun iodide. SECOND DECLENSION. NEUTER NOUNS 23 42. Translate, i. Acidum sulphuricum. 2. Acidi nitrid diluti. 3. Belladoimae foliorum. 4. Ante somnum. 5. Drachmam fluidextracti opii. 6. Fluidextracti rhei. 7. Acidi sulphurid corrosivi. 8. Aqua ammoniae. 9. Ammonii chloridum. 10. Post dbum. 11. Extracta et fluidextracta habent. 12. Adda liquida sunt corrosiva. 13. Decoctum herbarum est laxativiun. 14. Ammonii chloridiun non est corrosiviun. 15. Arseni oxidum antidotum habet. 16, Est ferri hydroxidum. 17. ^grotus syrupum aurantii habet. 18. Tinctura iodi est veneniun. 19. Amylum est antidotum. 20. Redpe dradunam addi hydrodilorid diluti et undam aquae. 21. Addum nitricum et addum sulphuricum adda corrosiva simt. 22. Misce quininam et addum sulphuricum dilutum. 23. Puer aquam et tincturam iodi non miscet. 24. Puella pilulas opii habet. 43. Write in Latin, i. Of the extract of opium. 2. The antidote of the poison. 3. Ammonium bromide. 4. Fluid- extract of hyoscyamus. 5. Of corrosive nitric add. 6. Before food. 7. Of diluted hydrochloric acid. 8. Decoc- tions are liquid medicines. 9. Belladonna is an antidote of strychnine. 10. Mix ammonium bromide and potassium bromide and water. 11. Many poisons are medicines. 12, Many medicines are poisons. 13. He has a decoction of the leaves of an herb. 14. You take an ounce of the yellow iodide of mercury. 15. Nitric acid is a corrosive poison. 16. He has a gallon of the aromatic S3a^lp of rhubarb. CHAPTER VI ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS 44. Abjectives of the first and second declensions have distinct forms for each of the three genders. If a single form for any gender is known, all forms for each gender may be constructed from it by a simple change of case endings. The feminine form ends in a and follows the first declension; the masculine form ends in us and is declined like a mas- culine noun of the second declension; and the neuter form ends in um and is declined like a neuter noun of the same declension. In preceding lessons only a single gender form for each adjective has been given, and from these forms the student is expected to recognize and use any of the forms for any gender that may be required, thus: Masc. Fern. Neut. amarus amara amarum bonus bona bonum durus dura durum expressus expressa ezpressiim purus pura pumm In the vocabularies of the succeeding lessons, only the masculine form will be given in full; the feminine and neuter forms will be indicated; as bonus, a, um, instead of bonus, bona and bonum. 24 ADJECTIVES OF FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS 25 45. Declension. Singular Masc. Fern. Neut. N. bonus bona bonum G. boni bonae boni Ac. bonum bonam bonum Ab. bono bona Plural bono N. boni bonae bona G. bonorum bonarum bonorum Ac. bonos bonas bona Ab. bonis bonis bonis A few adjectives end in er in the masculine Nominative and in changing to the feminine and neuter forms the e before the r is omitted; niger, nigra, nigrum; black; ruber, rubra, rubrum, red. The masculine form is declined by changing the er to r to form the base, and adding to it the case endings: N. niger, G. nigri, Ac. nigrum, Ab. nigro. The feminine and neuter forms are regularly declined. 46. Agreement of Adjectives. Adjectives must agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. 47. Agreement in Gender. By this is meant that the masculine form of the adjective must be used with a mas- culine noun, the feminine form with a feminine noun, and the neuter form with a neuter noun. Thus we say: Syrupus albus, not S3rrupus alba nor sjrrupus album. Tinctura aromatica, not tinctura aromaticus nor tinctura aromaticum. Eztractum purum, not extractum pura nor eztractum purus. 26 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN If this rule is borne in mind the gender of an unfaniiliar novin may often be determined by observing the gender of its accompanying adjective. 48. Agreement in Number. If the noun is in the plural number, the. adjective must also have the plural form; if the noim is singular, the adjective must also be singular. Thus syrupus purus, or syrupi puri but not syrupus puri nor syrupi purus. 49. Agreement in Case. An adjective must be in the same case as the noun which it modifies; if the noun is in the Nominative, the adjective must also be; if the noun is in the Genitive, the adjective must have this form. Thus: syrupus purus, syrupi puri; tinctura pura, tincturse purae. This involves an agreement in case end- ing only when the noun and adjective belong to the same declension. 50. Latinizing Names of Acids. To form the Latin names of acids from the English names, change the Enghsh ending ' ic " to icum, and " ous " to osum; thus, nitric add, acidum nitricum ; nitrous add, acidum nitrostun ; hypo- phosphorous add, acidum h3^ophosphorosum. 51. Formation of Adjectives from Nouns. Many adjec- tives have been formed from nouns and other adjectives by using the prindpal portion of the word as a base to which atus or osus has been added, making adjectives of the first and second declensions. Their meaning is apparent in many cases from the meaning of the base. Some of these adjectives in common use are: Aquosus, a, um, watery; aromatisatus, a, um, aromatized; benzo- atus, a, um, benzoated; benzoinatus, a, um, benzoinated; camphoratus, a, um, camphorated; cantharidatus, a, um, cantharidated; carbolatus, a, um, carbolated; chloratus, a, um, chlorated; chlorinatus, a, um, chlor- inated; citratus, a, um, citrated; decoloratus, a, um, decolorized; deodoratus, a, um, deodorized; glycerinatus, a, um, glycerinated; iodatus. ADJECTIVES OF FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS 27 a, Urn, iodized; satch'aratus, a, um, saccharated; salicylatus, a, um, salicylated; saponatus, a,, um, saponated; sulphuratus, a, um, sulphur- ated; sulphurosus, a, um, sulphurous; vinosus, a, um, vinous. 52. -■ VOCABULARY boricuS, a, um, adj. boric. lavandula, se, f. lavender. carbolicus, a, um, adj. carbolic. minimum, i, n. minim. causticus, a, um, adj. caustic. morrhua, ae, f. the cod. citricus, a, um, adj. citric. oleum, i, n. oil. Cubeba, se, f. cubeb. optimus, a, um, adj. the best. ergota, ae, f. ergot. praecipitatus, a, um, adj. precipi- gelatinum, i, n. gelatine. tated gelatinus, a, um, adj. of gelatine. seima, ae, f. senna. glycerinum, i, n. glycerine. suppositoritun, i, n. supposi- granum, i, n. a grain. tory impurus, a, um, adj. impure. unguentum, i, n. ointment. infusum, i, n. infusion. vel, conj. or. jalapa, se, f. jalap. vinum, i, n. wine 53. Translate, i. Extractum aquosum. 2. Minimum fluidextracti. 3. Tinctura iodi decolorata. 4. Pilulas jalapse. 5. Caffeina citrata. 6. Oxidum hydrargyri praecipitatum. 7. Fluidextractum impunmi. 8. Acldimi citricimi. 9. Tinc- turas opii deodorati. 10. Oxidum rubnmi. 11. Potassii hydroxidi. 12. Suppositoria opii et belladonnse. 13. Infusimi semiae. 14. Acidum citricima non est causticum. 15. Un- guentum carbolatum. 16. Suppositoria glycerini sunt alba. 17. Recipe granum extracti ergotas et drachmam gelatini glycerinati. 18. Acidum carbolicum est venenum causticum. 19. Oleimi morrhuae optimimi non est medicina grata. 20. Unguentum zinci oxidi et imguentum acidi borid miscet. 21. Misce tincturam opii deodorati et misturam cretae. 22. Recipe unciam vini rubri et drachmam syrupi sdllse. 23. Infusum sennse compositum est nigrum. 24. Oxidum hydrargyri est flavum vel rubrum. 54. Write in Latin, i. Pure carbolic acid. 2. Of car- bolic acid. 3. Tincture of lavender. 4. Precipitated oxide 28 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN of manganese, 5. Deodorized opium. 6. Tincture of deo- dorized opivun. 7. Deodorized tincture of opium. 8. Com- poimd infusion of senna. 9. Oil of peppermint. 10. Potas- sium hydroxide is a caustic medicine. 11. You mix the ointment of rose water and the ointment of belladonna. 12. He has the ointments of mercury, of iodine, and of the yellow oxide of mercury. 13. You take a minim of the fluidextract of ergot and a drachm of pure water. 14. Wine of opium, wine of iron, bitter wine of iron and wine of ergot are in the Pharmacopoeia. 15. He has many caustic acids. CHAPTER Vn NOMENCLATURE 55. The titles of medicinal substances and of prepara- tions made from them may consist of single words, or of two or more related words. The order of arrangement of words in a title is determined by certain definite rules which are followed as a matter of convenience and which are not dependent upon grammatical construction. 56. Capitalization. All important words in a title are capitalized: Tinctura Cinchonae; Tinctura lodi Decolorata; Pilulse Opii et Plumbi. 57. Single Words. Single words used as titles, whether of chemical, botanical, or pharmaceutical origin, are in the Nominative case. Coca. Ferrum. lodum. Aconitum. Tincturse. 58. Noun and Adjective. If a title consists of a noun with an adjective modifier, the noun in the Nominative case precedes the adjective, which must agree with the noun in in gender, number and case: Ferrum Reductum; Amygdala Amara. 59. Parts of Plants. In writing titles of parts of plants, the name of the plant in the Genitive precedes the name of the part in the Nominative; Belladonnse Folia. Aconiti Folia. 60. Pharmaceutical Preparations. In titles of pharma- ceutical preparations, the name of the kind of preparation, in the Nominative, precedes the name of the drug or drugs from which the preparation is made, in the Genitive. Any 29 30 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN adjectives which may be included follow the principal words of the title, regardless of their position in the English trans- lation. Extractum Ergotae. Pilulae Strychninae. Tinctura Opii Camphorata. In an alphabetical list, this arrangement brings together all preparations of similar nature. Thus in the Pharmacopoeia, National Formulary, and other similar books, all tinctures, extracts, syrups, etc., are grouped to- gether, which is convenient for quick reference. ' The names of the principal classes of preparations which have Latin names belonging to the first or second declension are as follows : Latin Name English Name Latin Name , English Name acidtun, add. mistura, mixture. acetum, vinegar. oleatum, oleate. aqua, water. oleoresina, oleoresin. balsamum, balsam. oleosaccharjim, oil-sugar. ceralum, cerate. oleum, oil. collodium, collodion. pasta, paste. decoctum, decoction. pilula. pill. empiastnun, plaster. resina, Jresin. emulsum, emulsion. syrupus, syrup. extractum, extract. tabella, tablet. fluidextractum, fluidextract. tabletta, tablet. glyceritum, glycerite. tinctura, tincture. infusum, infusion. trochiscus, troche. linimentum, liniment, unguentum, ointment. massa, mass, vinum, wine. 6i. VOCAE ULARY adhaesivus, a, um, adj. adhesive. cinnamomum, i, n. cinnamon ampulla, se, f. ampule, coca, as, f. coca. small foeniculum, i, n. fennel. bottle. morphina, se, f. morphine. aspidium, i, n. aspidium, myristica, ae, f. nutmeg. male fern. mjrrrha, ae, f. myrrh. cascara sagrada, se, f. cascara s a - nasus, i, m. nose. grada. oculus, i, m. eye. NOMENCLATURE 31 olla, ae, f. pancreatiniun, i, n. pepsinum, i, n. petrolatum, i, n. praBscriptum, i, n. pro, prep, (with Abl.) quassia, se, i. reductus, a, um, adj. jar. pancreatin. pepsin. petrolatum. prescription. for. quassia. reduced. remedium, i, n. ricinus, i, m. spissus, a, um, adj. stypticus, a, um, adj. tamiicus, a, van, adj. tepidus, a, um, adj. . oil remedy, castor plant, thick, not fluid, styptic, tannic, warm, tepid, 62. Translate. Acetum Opii. Aqua FoenicuK. Cera Flava. Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. Mistura Ferri Composita. Creta Prascipitata. Decocta. Collodium Cantharidatum. Emplastrum Belladonnas. Emulsum Asafoetidae. Fluidex- tractum Quassiae. Extractum Glycyrrhizas Purum. Infusum Rosae Compositum. Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum. De- coctum Aloes Compositum. Mistura Rhei Composita. Ole- atum Zinci. Petrolatmn Saponatum Spissum. Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhfe. Unguentimi Hydrargyri Diluttmi. 63. Write Correct Latin Titles. Vinegar of squill. Emul- sion of castor oil. Infusion of senna. Oil of clove. Aconite leaves. Mass of mercury. Balsam of tolu. Bitter wine of iron. Glycerite of boric acid. Ointment of the red oxide of mercury. Pills of opium. Tincture of aconite. Lead plas- ter. Peppermint water. Aromatic tincture of rhubarb. Iodine ointment. Camphor cerate. Syrup of acacia. Tro- ches of cubeb. Syrup of orange. 64. Correct Errors, if Any. Tincturae Rhei. Aloe Puri- ficatus. Tinctura Cinchonae Compositae. Oleum Mentha Piperita. Unguentum Potassii lodidtma. Emulsum Oleimi Ricini. Hyoscyami Extractum. Pilulae Ferri lodidi. Fluid- extracttmi Gentiana. Vinum Ferrum. Cubeb Oleoresinae. Ceratum Resinae Compositas. Vinum Rubrus. Misturas Glycyrrhizae Composita. Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. Oleatum Quininae. Unguentum Hydrargynmi. Ceras Albae. Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches. Syrupus Acacia. 32 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 65. Translate, i. Guttae pro oculis. 2. Emplastrum ad- haesivum. 3. Oleoresina aspidii est in ampulla. 4. Fluid- extractum cascarae sagradae habet. 5. Quassia est amara. 6. Pepsinum et pancreatinum remedia bona sunt. 7. Un- guentum pro naso. 8. Emulsum olei ricini non est gratum. 9. OIe\im dnnamomi, oleum myristicae, et oleimi ricini simt in praescripto. 10. Capsulas gelatinas morphinae habet. II. Unguentum zinci oxidi est in oUa. 12. Recipe scrupulimi pepsini, draclunam addi hydrochlorici diluti, et unciam aquae; misce. 13. Pancreatinum et acidum hydrochloricimi dilutum non miscet. 14. Praescriptum est pro oculo nigro. 15. Recipe unciam cerati camphorse et imciam imguenti aquae rosae; misce. CHAPTER Vin TITLES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS 66. In writing the titles of chemical compounds, the name of the metal or positive radical, in the Genitive case, precedes the name of the negative element, or acid radical in the Nominative case. Ex. Sodii Bromidum, translated either as sodium bromide or bromide of sodium. If the same elements or radicals form more than a single compound, adjectives are used to distinguish them one from the other. Ex. Hydrargyri lodidum Flavum. Hydrar- gyri lodidum Rubrum. These adjectives follow the words which form the prLticipal part of the title, and in their use the general rules for the agreement of adjectives with their nouns must be observed. Though acids are chemical compounds, their official titles follow the method of arrangement used for pharma- ceutical preparations, in order that all of the acids may be grouped together. The word " Acid " is placed first, the adjective denoting the kind of acid chemically, is placed next, and this in turn is followed by the adjective denoting strength, purity or quality, if one is used. Ex. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. 67. Declining Latin Titles. In declining a title, only the word or words in the Nominative case are affected, those in the Genitive case remaining imchanged throughout. A translation of the Latin forms into English shows why this should be so. Especial attention should be given to the 33 34 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Genitive singular, as it is the form commonly used in pre- scription writing. The plural forms are seldom used. N. Tincttira cinchonse flavae, G. Tincturae cinchonse flavae, Ac. Tincturam cinchonas flavae, Ab. Tinctura cinchonas flavae, Singular tincture of yellow cinchona of a tincture of yellow cinchona tincture of yellow cinchona with, by or from a tincture of yellow cinchona Singular N. Sodii Bromidum, bromide of sodium (sodium bromide) G. Sodii Bromidi, of the bromide of sodium Ac. Sodii Bromidum, bromide of sodium Ab. Sodii Bromido, with, by, or from the bromide of sodium 68. anisum, i, n. catharticus, a, um, adj. chloroformum, i, n. coUyrium, i, n. concentratus, a, um, adj. cyanidum, i, n. dioxidum, i, n. disulphidum, i, n. fac, V. imper. fiat, V. subj. fiant, V. subj. granulatus, a, um, adj. guaiacum, i, n. hydratus, a, um, adj. hydriodicus, a, twi, adj. VOCABULARY cathartic. chloroform. eye lotion. concen- trated. cyanide. dioxide. disulphide. (with Ac.) make (You). let it be made. let them be made. granulated. guaiac. hydrated. hydriodic. bydrobromicus, a, um, hydrobrom- adj. ic. hydrobromidum, i, n. hydrochloridum, i, n. hydrocyanicus, a, um, adj. muriaticus, a, um, adj. nitrohydrochloricus, a, um, adj. oleicus, a, um, adj. peroxidum, i, n. prasparatus, a, um, adj. sacchanun, i, n. solidus, a, um, adj. tartaricus, a, um, adj. trioxidum, j, n. verus, a, um, adj. hydrobro- mide. hydrochlor- ide, hydrocy- anic, muriatic, hydro- chloric, nitrohydro- chloric. oleic, peroxide, prepared. sugar. solid. tartaric. trioxide. true. TITLES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS 35 69. Translate. Aluminii Chloridum. Acidum Sulphuri- cum Aromaticum. Ferri Oxidum. Potassii Bromidum. Arseni Trioxidum. Auri et Sodii Chloridum. Carbonei Disulphidum. Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubnun. Ferri Hydroxi- dum. Potassii Cyanidimi. Acidimi Tannicum. Ferrum Re- ductum. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum. Argenti Ox- idum. Mangani Dioxidum. Acidum Nitricimi Concentratum. Antimoiiii Sulphidum. Arseni lodidum. Ammonii Bromi- dum. Acidum Tartaricimi. Acidxma Carbolicvim lodatum. Give the Genitive singular of each of the above titles. 70. Write Correct Latin Titles. Sodium chloride. Alu- minmn trioxide. Magnesium oxide. Lithium bromide. Po- tassiimi hydroxide. Oleic acid. Saccharated citric add. Hydrated oxide of bismuth. Yellow oxide of mercury. Am- monixun iodide. Chromimn trioxide. Diluted hydrochloric acid. Corrosive chloride of mercury. Nitrohydrochloric acid. Muriatic acid. Ammoniated mercury. Prepared chalk. Red oxide of copper. Diluted hydrocyanic add. Red phosphorus. 71. Correct Errors, if Any. Arsenii Bromidum. Cupnun Chloridum. Ferrum Hydroxidum. Ammoniae Bromidvmi. lodidi Potassium. Chloridum Ferri. Corrosivum Acidmn Nitricum. Acidum Hydrochlorid Concentrati. Sodi Hy- droxidum. Flavi Oxidum Hydrargeri. Strontii lodidmn. Hydrogenii dioxidi. Acidmn Hydrocyanicus Dilutus. Ox- idum argenti. Acidimi Muriaticus Purus. Bromidum Lith- ium. Calcium Oxidi. Hydrargyri lodidi. Acidum Hydro- bromicus. Plumbi Oxidxma Rubrus. Hydriodicum acidum. 72. Translate, i. Acidum tannicum est flavum. 2. Acidum muriaticum est acidum hydrochloricxun. 3. Ferrum reductum est nigrum. 4. Cascara sagrada est cathartica. 5. Creta praeparata non est creta praecipitata. 6. Fac octa- riiun aquae anisi. 7. Oleum gaultheriae optimimi est oleum 86 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN verum. 8. Acidum carboliciim non est acidiim verum. 9. Recipe graniun camphorae et scrupulum acidi borici et fiat collyrium. 10. Misce drachmam opii et drachmam acidi taimici. 11. Recipe argenti cyanidum et addum hydro- chloricum et fiat acidum hydrocyanicum dilutum. 12. Fac emulsum chloroformi. 13. Recipe ammonii chloridum, gly- cyrrhizam et saccharum granulatum et fiant trochisci. 14. Acidum citricum est solidum. 15. Hydrogenii peroxidum est aqua hydrogenii dioxidi. CHAPTER IX NOMENCLATURE {Continued) 73. Prepositions. Certain Latin titles include prepo- sitions which are followed by the same cases that they take in ordinary grammatical construction. The words whose cases they govern, and the prepositions themselves, remain unchanged during inflection. Ex. Hydrargyrum cum Creta. Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Ozido. Syrupus Pruni Virginianse sine Morphina. 74. Conjxmctions. Conjunctions are used in a few titles to connect two or more words which must be in the same case, but which need not necessarily agree in gender and num- ber. Conjunctions do not govern the case of the word or words following them, as is the case with prepositions. Ex. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhse. Linimentum Aconiti et Chloro- formi. 73. Modem Words. A few titles are exceptional in that they include a modem word, generally a proper name, which has not been Latinized. Ex. Tinctura lodi, Churchill. 76. Compound Words. Some titles contain words which are formed by the union of an adjective and a noun, or of two noims, as sodio-benzoas; citro-chloridum; oleo-stearas. In declining, only the final noun is affected. 77. Nomenclature of Alkaloids. Alkaloids and a few organic basic substances which have an English name end- ing in "ine" (old form "ia") are Latinized by changing the " ine " to ina, thus making them feminine nouns of the first declension. Ex. Quinine, Quinina. Atropine, Atropina. .37 38 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN As alkaloids form salts which are true chemical compounds the rules for the nomenclature of chemical salts are follQwed in naming them. Ex. Quininse Hydrochloridum. Hojia- tropinse Hydrobromidum. Among the principal alkaloids and bases Latinized in this way may be noted the following: Aconitine, aniline, antipyrine, apomorphine, atropine, brucine, caffeine, cinchonidine, dnchonine, cocaine, codeine, colchicine, emetine, homatropine, hydrastine, hyoscine, hyos- cyamine, morphine, narcotine, peUeterine, physostigmine, pilo- carpine, piperazine, piperine, quinine, quinidine, sanguinarine, strychnine, and veratrine. 78. Cardinal Numeral Adjectives. Cardinal adjectives are the nimieral adjectives which answer the question " How many? " Between one and one hundred, these adjectives are not declined, with the exception of one, two, and three. By not being declined is meant that the single form given may be used unchanged for all cases. The first of these numerals are as follows: unus, a, um, I undecim, II duo, se, 0, 2 duodecim, 12 tres, tria, 3 tredeciin, 13 quatuor, 4 quatuordecim, 14 quinque, s quindeeim, IS sex, 6 sedecim, 16 septem, 7 septendecim, 17 octo, 8 duodeviginti (2 from 20), 18 novem, 9 iindeviginti (1 from 20), 19 decern, 10 viginti, 20 79. Declension of Unus, D uo, and Tres. Masc. Fern. Neut. N. unus una t mum No plural form G. unius unius t inius Ac. unum unam i mum Ab. uno una I mo NOMENCLATURE (flontinrnd) 39 Masc. Fern. Neut. N. duo duae duo No singular form G. duorum duanim duonim Ac. duos duas duo Ab. duobus duabus duobus Masc. and Fern. Neut. N. tres tria No singular form. G. trium trium Ac. tres tria Ab. tribus tribus 80 VOCABULARY acetanilidum, i, n. acetanilid. maltum, i, n. malt. aceticus, a , um, adj. acetic. marrubium, i, n. hoarhound. acetomim, i, n, acetone. oliva, se, f. an olive. ammomacum, i, n. ammoniac. ovum, i, n. an egg. chloraluTTi i, n. chloral. prunus virginiana,* i, wild cherry. cum, prep (with abl.] with. ae, f. eucalyptus ,*i,f. eucalyptus. quantum sufficiat 1 quantiun sufBcit / as much as exsiccatus , a, um, adj. exsiccated. suffices. frumentum, i, n. grain. rhanmus purshiana,* cascara sa- fuscus, a, um, adj. brown. i, SB, f. grada. glandula, 3e,f. gland. salvia, ae, f. sage. hora, ae, f. an hour. siccus, a, um, adj. desiccated; iodoformum, i, n. iodoform. dried. ipecacuanha, se, f. ipecac. sine, prep, (with abl.) without. jentaculum, i, n. breakfast. talcum, i, n. talcum. liquidus, a , um, adj. liquid. vitellus, i, m. yolk. lycopodium, i, n. lycopodium vitnim, i, n. glass. • 81. Write Correct Latin Titles for the Following. Apo- morphine hydrochloride. Diluted acetic acid. Extract of malt. Aromatic, plaster. Cyanide of mercury. Zinc oxide. * Eucalyptus, prunus, and rhamnus are feminine nouns of the second declension, and their accompanying adjectives must have the feminine form. 40 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Pure acetone. Fluidextract of ipecac. Aromatic pepsin. Fluidextract of sage. Lassar's zinc paste. Homatropine hydrobromide. Hydrated chloral. Mercury with chalk. Best olive oil. Compound liniment of opium. Mixture of ammonium chloride. Oleate of aconitine. Morphine hydro- chloride. Hydroxide of iron without magnesia. Piperine. Ointment of tannic acid and opium. Emulsion of cod liver oil with extract of malt. Citrated caffeine. Brown syrup. Yolk of an egg. Fluidextract of hoarhoimd. Cocaine hydro- chloride. Syrup of wild cherry. Camphorated chloral. Syrup of citric acid. The best purified talcum. Dried glands. Ammoniac plaster with mercury. Camphorated brown plaster. Compoimd mixture of chloral and potassimn bromide. Fluidextract of cascara sagrada. Saponated liquid petrolatvmi. White magnesia. Fluidextract of eucalyptus. 82. Translate, i. Fluidextract! ipecacuanhas. 2. Hora una post jentaculum. 3. Fac suppositoria iodoformi. 4. Acetonum estliquidum; lycopodium non est. 5. Fiantpilulae acetanilidi. 6. Chloralum hydratum non est chlorali hy^ droxidum. 7. Oleum olivae bonum est flavum. 8. Misce imciam unam syrupi pruni virginianse et uncias duas syrupi tolutani. 9. Emulsum olei morrhuae sine pruno virginiana habet. 10. Recipe saccharum granulatum, aquam, et acetum scillas et fac syrupiun. 11. Recipe fluidextractimi ipecac- uanhas, acidiun aceticum, glycerinum, saccharum purum, et aquam; misce et fiat syrupus ipecacuanhse. 12. Recipe imciam olei olivas optimi et viteUimi ovi et fiat emulsum. 13. Recipe drachmam imam olei gaultheriae, et unciam unam talci puri, et octarios duos aquae destillatae et fiat aqua medicata. 14. Recipe grana duo hydrargyri oxidi rubri et unciam unam petrolati albi; misce et fiat unguentum. 15. Recipe opii granulati unciam unam; cinnamomi, drachmas NOMENCLATURE (Continued) 41 duas; caryophylli, drachmam unam; vini albi, octariiun iinum; misce et fiat vinum medicatum. i6. Recipe ammonii chloridi, drachmas tres; extract! glycyrrhizae drachmas duas; acacise, scrupulos duos; sacchari granulati puri, quantum sufficit; misce; fiant trochisci. CHAPTER X LATINIZING WORDS ENDING IN "IN" AND "INE' 83. Many modem words ending in " in," " ine," and a few in " ene," and not belonging to the class of alkaloids, are Latinized by changing the " in " or " ine " to inum, and the " ene " to enum, thus making them neuter noims of the second declension. Included in the list are the glucosides and neutral principles. Among the principal ones may be noted: Acetphenetidinum, aloinum, aspirinum, benzenum, ben- zinum, benzoinum, boroglycerinum, chrysarobinum, elater- inum, glycerinum, glycyrrhizinum, kaolinum, keratinum, naphthalenum, nitroglycerinum, pancreatinum, pepsinum, phenacetinum, podophyllinum, pyroxylinum, saccharintun, salicinum, santoninum, terebenum, terpinum, urotropinum, and vaselinum. 84. Cardinal Numerals (continued) viginti et unus (viginti unus) 21 viginti et duo 22 viginti et tres 23 viginti et quatuor 24 viginti et quinque 25 viginti et sex 26 viginti et septem, 27 duo de triginta, 28 un de triginta, 29 triginta, 30 triginta et unus, 31 duo de quadraginta, 38 un de quadraginta, 39 42 quadraginta, 40 quinquaginta. 5° seiaginta. 60 septuaginta, 70 octoginta, 80 nonaginta, 90 centum. 100 centum unus. lOI centum duo de viginti. 118 centum sexaginta. 160 ducenti, se, a. 200 ducenti octoginta et tres, 283 trecenti, ee, a, 300 LATINIZING WORDS ENDING IN "IN" AND "INE" 43 quadringenti, ae, a, 400 nongenti, se, a, 900 quingenti, ae, a, Soo tnille, 1000 sescenti, se, a, 600 millia duo 2000 septingenti, ae, a. 700 milliatria 3000 octingenti, se, a. 800 millia quinque Sooo The numerals beyond 17 are made by combining a higher numeral with one of the numerals between i and 10, using et or de, as is exemplified by the numerals between 18 and 30. The hundreds, with the exception of centum, are de- clined like the plural of bonus. Mille is not declined in the singular, but when used in the plural is declined as follows: N. millia Ac. millia G. millium Ab. millibus 85- VOCABULARY ad, prep, (with ace.) to, up to. gradatim, adv. gradually. Americanus, a, um, adj. American. intime, adv. intimately amylaceus, a, um, adj. of starch. litrum, i, n. liter. antisepticus, a, um, adj. antiseptic. menstrutun, i, n. menstru- balneum, i, n. bath. um benzoicus, a, um, adj. benzoic. medicamentarius, i, m. druggist. butyrum, i, n. butter. medicamentum, i, n. drug. calidus, a, um, adj. warm. milUlitrum, i, 11. milliliter. caute, adv. cautiously. pabulum, i, n. food. centimetrum, j, n. centimeter. pomatus, a, um, adj. pertaining cubicus, a, um, adj. cubic. to apples destillatus, a, um, adj. distilled. taraxacum, i, n. dandelion. diureticus, a, um, adj. diuretic. vehiculum, i, n. vehicle. frigidus, a, um, adj. cold. 86. Translate. Quindecim; undetriginta; centum et quin- que; sedecim; quingenti etsexaginta; septuaglntaetquatuor; mill e, ducenti et nonaginta; tredecim; quinquaginta et sex; duo de septuaginta; centimi et imdeviginti; undecim; unde- sexaginta; viginti tres; triginta et septem; octingenti; decem millia; duo millia, quadringenti et tres; quingenti 44 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN et qulnquaginta; tindeqiiinquaginta; nonaginta et octo; mille, centum et unus. 87. Write in Latin. 40 ; 13; 76; 88; 3000; 420; 100; 9; 32; 16; 2000; 500; 324; 14; 28; 7s; 54; 1201; 7; 83; 39; 90; 120; 240; 1000; 60; 48; 15; 8; 150. 88. Translate, i. Millilitrum est centrmetrum cubicum. 2. Litrum est mille millilitra. 3. Medicinas multae simt diu- reticae. 4. Medicamentarius medicamenta multa habet. 5. Aqua hydrogenii dioxidi est antiseptica. 6. Pepsinmn vel pancreatinimi cmn addo concentrate non miscet. 7. Aqua frigida non est menstruum bonum. 8. Tincturam ferri poma- tam habet. 9. Misce caute et gradatim addum nitricum et addum hydrochloricmn. 10. Syrupus aurantii est vehiculum bonimi. II. Butyrum antimonii est antimonii trichloridum, 12. Capsulae amylaceae sunt albae. 13. Fluidextractum tarax- aci Americani habet. 14. Redpe drachmam unam addi benzoid; drachmas duas talci; et amyli quantum suffidt ad undam unam; misce intime. 15. Recipe centimetra cubica quatuor chloroformi et litrum imum aquae destillatae; misce et fiat aqua medicata. 16. Redpe, Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, graniun unum; Tincturae Benzoini, minima qtiindedm; Glycerini, drachmas duas; Aquae Aurantii, quantum suffidt ad imdas quatuor. Misce et fiat mistura. 89. Write in Latin, i. Fluid extract of dandelion. 2. Starch capsules. 3. American dandelion. 4. Cold bath. S. A liter of warm water. 6. A milliliter of diluted hydro- chloric add. 7. He does not mix the liquid medicines. 8. Acetic acid and glycerine are good menstruums. 9. Mix syrup of ipecac or syrup of squill and syrup of wild cherry. 10. Take of iodoform ten grains, of camphor two grains and of opium eight grains; mix them. 11. Take of red iodide LATINIZING WORDS ENDING IN "IN" AND "INE" 45 of mercury two grains, of petrolatum four drachms; mix them and make an ointment. 12. Take of Oil of wintergreen, one cubic centimeter, Talcimi, a sufficient quantity, Distilled water one liter. Mix. Make a medicated water. CHAPTER XI ORDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES 90. The ordinal numeral adjectives, translated in English as " first," " second," " third," etc., have but a limited use. They have endings us, a, and um, making them adjectives of the first and second declensions and are declined like bonus. The ordinals from first to twentieth are given below and a more complete list may be found in the appendix. ISt, primus, a, um nth, undecimus 2d, secundus 1 2 th, duodecimus 3d, tertius 13th, tertius decimus 4th, quartus 14th, quartus decimus 5th, quintus 15th, quintus decimus 6th, sextus i6th, sextus decimus 7th, Septimus 17th, Septimus decimus 8th, octavus 1 8th, duodevicesimus 9th, nonus 19th, undevicesimus 10th, decimus 20th, vicesimus I 00th. centesimus, a, um. 91. Reading and Writing Fractions. In reading a frac- tion, or in writing it in complete Latin, the feminine form of the ordinal is combined with the word pars,* part (fem.); thus pars tertia, one- third part; pars decima, one- tenth part. In prescriptions the Accusative form is used; partem tertiam; partem decimam; quatuor quintas partes. * For complete list of case endings for pars see list of case ending? for feminine nouns of the third declension on p. 79. 46 ORDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES 47 In writing the fraction " one-half," some fomi of the word semis is generally used. It is declined as follows: Sing. Sing. No plural. N. semis Ac. semissem G. semissis Ab. semisse When used without a whole number, it is an adjective and takes the same case as the name of the quantity to which it refers; drachma semis; drachmam semissEM. When used with a whole number it is a noun, and is pre- ceded and governed by the preposition cum, which requires that it be placed in the Ablative case; uncias duas cum semisse; drachmas tres cum semisse. If the whole nimi- ber is " one," the name of the quantity is placed in the singular, drachmam unam cum semisse (one drachm with one-half), although it is frequently translated " one and one-half drachms." If the conjunction et is used instead of cum, semis must appear in the same case as the quantity to which it refers, as drachmam et semissem. To express " one and one-half ounces " the word sesuncia has occasionally been used. The use of the noun dimidium or the adjective dimidius, a, um, in place of the word semis is sometimes encountered, but it is not in common use at the present time. The Latin names of the various Apothecaries' weights and measures commonly used in prescription writing, to- gether with their abbreviations and symbols, are listed below. m minimum, i, n. a mimm. gtt. gutta, as, f. a drop. gr. granum, i, n. a grain. 9 scrupulus, i, m. a scruple. 5 drachma, as, f. a drachm. 48 LESSONS IN PH^MACEUTICAL LATIN f3 fluidrachma , ae, f . a fluid drachjn. 5 uncia, x, f . an ounce. fB fluiduncia, ae, f . a fluid oiuice. lb. ft) libra, ae, f. a pound. 0. octarius, i, m. a pint. c. congius, i, m. a gallon. 92. VOCABULARY alkalinus, a, um, alkaline. pencillum, i, m. brush or pencil. adj. pistillum, i, n. pestle. anunoniatus, a, ammoniated. ponderosus, a, heavy. um, adj. um, adj. betula, 8e, f. birch. prandium, i, n. dinner. bolus, i, m. large pill, bolus. purificatus, a, purified. cyathus, i, m. wineglassful. um, adj. digitus, i, m. finger. rectificatus, a, rectified. filtrum, i, n. filter. um, adj. frangula, se, f. buckthorn, fran- sulphonethylme- sulphonethylme- gula. thanum, i, n. thane, trional. gaUa, SB, f. nutgaU. sulphonmetha- sulphonmethane, gossypium, i, n. cotton. num, i, n. sulphonal. lactucarium, i, n lactucaritmi. terebinthina,se, f. turpentine. lignum, i, n. wood. thyroideus, a, thyroid. mitigatus, a, um, mitigated. um, adj. adj. tragacantha, se, f . tragacanth. mortarium, i, n. mortar. triticum, i, n. triticum, couch parafSnum, i, n. parafSne. grass. parvus, a, um small. Valeriana, ae, f. valerian. adj. vita, ae, f. life. 93. Latin Titles for the Following. Oil of birch; syrup of buckthorn; tincture of tolu; purified cotton; heavy oxide of magnesium; desiccated thyroid glands; rectified oil of turpentine; infusion of couchgrass; nutgall ointment; bolus of aloes; syrup of lactucaritmi; purified benzoic acid; after- dinner pills; oleoresin of turpentine; troches of santonin; fluidextract of sage; konseals of sulphonmethane; acetic fluidextract of belladonna; ammoniated tincture of valerian; ORDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES 49 suppositories of boroglycerine; alkaline fluidextract of cas- cara sagrada; resin of jalap; compound laxative pills; pilo- carpine hydrochloride; expressed oil. of almond; liniment of turpentine. 94. Translate. Medicamentarius mortarium parvum et pistillum habet. 2. " Lignum vitse " est lignum durum. 3. Sulphonmethanum et sulphonethylmethanum sunt med- icinse pro somno. 4. Pilulse ferri reducti stmt nigrae. 5. Terebinthina est oleoresina vera. 6. Tragacantha: est alba. 7. Medicamentarius pilulas post prandium, Lady Webster, habet. 8. Addum tannicum est in galla. 9. Oleimi betulse non est oleum gaultherise verum. 10. Recipe, tincturse ben- zoini compositae, drachmam unam; glycerini, drachmas sep- tem; misce. ii.- Recipe, iodi, granum unum cum semisse; potassii iodidi, grana duo cum semisse; syrupi, unciam se- missem; aquae, quantum sufl&cit ad uncias quatuor; misce, et fiat mistura. 12. Recipe, strychnine, grani partem quar- tam; sacchari, quantima sufficit; misce et fiant pilulse quin- decim. 13. Recipe, olei cinnamomi, centimetrum cubicum unum cum semisse; aquas destillatae, quantum sufficit ad litrum unum. 14. Recipe, Tincturse Opii Camphoratas, unciam unam, Vini Ipecacuanhse, drachmas duas cum semisse, Syrupi Scillae, drachmas tres, Syrupi Aurantii, quantum sufficit ad uncias sex. Misce; fiat mistura. 95. Write in Latin, i. You take one ounce of tincture of valerian, one ounce of compound tincture of lavender, and one oimce of pure water; mix. 2. You take one and one-half ounces of ointment of zinc oxide, one-half ounce of 50 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN white petrolatum and fifteen minims of carbolic acid; mix, 3. You take three and one-half drachms of diluted hydro- chloric acid, one-half ounce of essence of pepsin and enough water to make six ounces; mix. 4. You take twelve grains of citrated caffeine, two drachms of phenacetine and three drachms of soda; mix. 5. You take of Tincture of Iron Chloride, ten drachms. Diluted phosphoric acid, two and one-half ounces, Glycerine, four ounces, Water enough to make eight ounces. Mix them. CHAPTER XII THE PRESCRIPTION 96. The word " prescription " is derived from the Latin prae, before, and scribe, I write, and, translated literally, means " that which is written before." At present it is restricted to mean the written order of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian, to a pharmacist, directing him to prepare and dispense a certain medicine or medicines for the use of a particular patient. The name " prescription " is also popularly applied to the medicine itself, prepared after the formula of the written prescription. In addition to enimier- ating the drugs and the quantities of each to be used, the prescription states the form in which the medicine is to be prepared, whether pill, powder, mixture, etc., and generally indicates the dosage and maimer of administration. A prescription may be " simple," calling for but a single drug, or "complex," calling, for a number of ingredients. If the number of ingredients is excessive, the name " poly- pharmacal " prescription or " shot gun " prescription is used. 97. Parts of a Prescription. A complete prescription may be divided into four principal parts: Superscription, Inscrip- tion, Subscription, Signa. In addition to these main parts, the physician's name and address, the date, and the patient's name and address, should be included. 98. Superscription. The Superscription, meaning liter- ally, what is written above, consists of the symbol I^. The letter R is from the Latin Recipe, the Imperative form of the verb recipio, and means " You take." The origin of 61 52 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN the dash across it is obscure, but it is thought to be a portion of Qi, the astronomical sign for Jupiter, which was used on prescriptions in ancient times as an invocation to this deity. In French prescriptions the superscription consists of P. or Pr. from Prenez, meaning " You take." 99. Inscription. The Inscription, meaning what is writ- ten within the prescription, includes the names and quantities of the ingredients. In a complete prescription, it is sometimes subdivided into four parts. Base, Adjuvant, Corrective, and Vehicle. Any or all of these parts, with the exception of the Base, may be lacking, and the modern practitioner makes no attempt to include all of them in each prescription. The Base is the principal ingredient which is depended upon to bring about the desired change in the patient's condition. The Adjuvant is any substance used to increase the activity of the Base or to assist it in doing its work. The Corrective {Corrigent) modifies or lessens any imdesirable or harmful effect of the Base or Adjuvant. The Vehicle is the substance used as a means of putting the other ingre- dients in proper form for administration. The Vehicle may be in the nature of an excipient or diluent, oftentimes improves the taste of a mixture, and aids the patient in securing a more accurate dose of potent drugs. 100. Abbreviations. In writing the Inscription it is desirable that the official names of drugs should be used when they are available, and though abbreviations are always used to a greater or less extent, there is grave danger of error unless care is taken in employing them. When used, they should be of such a character that they may be inter- preted in but one way, so that the compounder is not left in doubt as to what the prescriber intended. The abbreviation Hyd. Chlor. might mean chloral hydrate, calomel, or cor- rosive sublimate; Bar. Sulph. either barium sulphide or THE PEESCRIPTION 53 barium sulphate; Acid Hydroc. DU., either diluted hydro- chloric add or diluted hydrocyanic acid. Careful observance of the official abbreviations introduced in the ninth decennial revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia will prevent much of this confusion. "Sulph." is used only for "sulphate." Sulphur, sulphite and sulphide are not abbreviated. "Chlor.", unless otherwise specified, means "chloride." For "chlor- ate " the word chloras is used. The use of chemical symbols instead of chemical names is to be discouraged because of the double chance for error in their use by the physician, and in their interpretation by the pharmacist. loi. Grammatical Construction. As the quantity of each ingredient is the direct object of the verb Recipe, when the prescription is written in complete Latin, each quantity must appear in the Accusative case. The names of the ingredients are in the position of limiting nouns and, as such, must be put in the Genitive case. This gives us a general rule that the names of all drugs shall be put in the Genitive case and the names of all quantities in the Accus- ative case. This rule is followed with a few exceptions which will be noted hereafter. 102. Writing the Inscription. The name of each ingre- dient, followed by its quantity, is placed on a separate line, and all important words are capitalized. The abbreviations and symbols noted in Chapter XI are used for the different quantities and these are followed by Roman numerals de- noting the required amoimt. Arabic nmnerals are not used except to express fractions other than "one-half," and in writing prescriptions in which the Metric system is used. The abbreviation ss or ^, from semissem, meaning " one- half," is commonly used. In writing the Roman nmnerals, final I is generally written as J, and when V is used as the first letter in a numeral, its side is sometimes extended above 54 LESSONS IN PHAEMACEUTICAL LATIN the following numerals, as Wg Dots are placed above I and J to aid the pharmacist in identifying these numerals. A carelessly written II will not be mistaken for V when these dots are present. The letters "P," from pauper, meaning poor, or "PP," from pauperrimus, very poor, are used by the physician to bring to the pharmacist's attention the fact that the patient is poor, and that the price of the prescription should be made as low as possible. 103. Subscription. The Subscription follows the Inscrip- tion and contains the prescriber's directions to the compounder as to the maimer of mixing the ingredients, and as to the form that the finished product shall assume, whether tablet, solution, or powder, etc. Formerly the prescriber was at great pains to give directions as to the proper order in which to mix the various ingredients, the employment of heat, filtration, etc., but at the present time this is tmnecessary and is seldom done. The Subscription generally consists of the abbreviation " M." from the Latin Misce, followed by other simple directions that may be necessary, as M. Fiat mistura. Mix and let a mixture be made; M. Fiant pilulse sexaginta. Mix and let sixty pills be made. The order of arrangement of the ingredients in the written prescription has nothing to do with the order of their use in compounding, this being left entirely to the judgment of the pharmacist, the physician often writing, " M. S. A.," from Misce secxmdum artem," meaning " Mix according to art." 104. Signa. The Signa (Signatura) follows the Sub- scription and contains the directions to the patient as to how the medicine is to be administered. It is these direc- tions which are to be written upon the label placed upon the container of the medicine, for the guidance of the patient THE PRESCKIPTION 55 in its use. When written in Latin, the quantity appears in the Accusative case, being the object of the verb Cape or Capiat understood; Cape drachmam, You take a drachm. Capiat drachmam, Let him take a drachm. At present the Signa is commonly written in English, though Latin abbrevi- ations and symbols of quantities are frequently employed. When used, these abbreviations and symbols are inter- preted by the pharmacist for the information of the patient and the directions are carefully placed upon the label in a correct and concise manner. The practice of a physician's giving the patient verbal directions, and of writing upon the prescription simply, " As directed," is not a good one, as the patient is liable to misvmderstand or to forget the instruc- tions, and the pharmacist is deprived of a valuable means of guarding against excessive dosage. Printed " External Use," and " Shake " labels are used upon containers without the express order of the physician, if the pharmacist considers that they are desirable; but " Poison " labels are not generally used on preparations for internal administration unless the physician so directs. A complete prescription as it comes to the pharmacist is given below. Superscription. ^ Base Syr. Scillae, 5vi Inscription. Adjuvant Corrective Vin. Ipecac, Syr. Aurant., 5iiss 5ii Vehicle Aq. Dest. q. s. ad 5vi Subscription M. Ft. Mist. Signa. Sig. 5i qq. 4 hr. Physician's name, address, James Smith, M.D., and date 88 Court St., Boston, Dec. 12, 191 7 Patient's nan ae and address For Mrs. B. B. Brown, 126 State St. 56 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN In complete Latin: Recipe, Syrupi Scillae, drachmas sex, Vini Ipecacuanhas, drachmas duas cum semisse, Syrupi Aurantii, uncias duas, Aquae Destillatse quantum sufficit ad uncias sex. Misce. Fiat mistura. Signa. Drachmam unam quaque quarts hora. In English: You take of. Syrup of squill six drachms. Wine of ipecac two and one-half drachms, Syrup of orange, two ounces. Distilled water as much as suffices to make six ounces. Mix, and let a mixture be made. Write. One teaspoonful every four hours, (Every fourth hour). Included in this lesson, and in those which follow, will be found a short list of Latin pharmaceutical terms and phrases, together with their English equivalents and the contractions and abbreviations which are most commonly used. These should be committed to memory. A more complete list, alphabetically arranged for reference, will be found in the appendix. ABBREVIATIONS Aqua destillata Aq. dest. Distilled water. Divide, dividatUT Div. Divide. Let be divided. Fac, Fiat, Fiant Ft. Make. Let be made. Misce M. Mix. Pilula. Pilulse Pil. A pill. Pills. Post cibum. Post cibos P.O. After food. After meals, Quantum sufficit ' Quantum sufficiat . Q.S. A sufficient quantity. Quaque hora Qq. hor. Every hour. Signa, Signetur Sig. Write. Let be written. Ter in die i T. I. D. Three times a day. Utdictiun Ut diet. As directed. THE PKESCRIPTION 57 105. PRESCRIPTIONS Recipe, Cocainae Hydrochloridi, Homatropinae hydrobromidi, Aquse Destillatae, Misce. Fiat coUyrium. Signa. Guttam unam in oculo ut dictum. granum semissem, granum semissem, minima triginta. If Salicin, gr. XL If Lactucarium, gss Strychnine, gr. i Ammon. Chlor., Siiss Rhei, gr. XXX Acacia, 5ii Ext. Taraxac, q. s. Syrup, q. s. M. Ft. Pil. no. XL. M, Signa. Unam p. c. Ft. Troches no. C. Sig. Ut dictum. ^ Boric acid, gr. XV Aq. Camph., 5ss If Pure Ext. Glycyrr., 3i Aq. Rosse, Bss Acacia, 9i M. Sig. CoUyr. Camphor. Tr. Opium, Sss Wine Antimony, 3iss ^ Ferri Reduct., 3iss Water, q. s. ad giii Quin., 3i M. Sig. 3i qq- 4 hr. Strych., gr. i M. Ft. Mass. If Fl. Ext. Ipecac, 3i Div. in pil. no. lx. Acetic Acid, m. XV Sig. One t. i. d. Glyc, 3iii Sugar, Si If Chloroform, 3i Aq. Dest. q. s. ad giv Exp. Oil Almond, 3ii M. Ft. Syrup. Tragacanth, gr. XX Sig. Syrup of Ipecac. Water, q. s. ad Biii M. Ft. Emulsion Sig. 3ii p. c. CHAPTER XIII PRESCRIPTIONS {Continued) io6. Unusual or Excessive Doses. A pharmacist must be continually on guard to detect overdoses of potent drugs iti the prescriptions which he dispenses, inasmuch as he may be held responsible not only for his own errors in dispensing, but also for failing to detect any serious mistake in dosage that the physician may make in writing the prescription. At times it may be desired to administer a certain drug in an amount larger than is usually employed. It is to be re- gretted that no general method of indicating the correctness of such an unusual or apparently excessive dose has been adopted, in order that the pharmacist may be sure of the physician's intention, and thus avoid unnecessary delay in dispensing. Of the several methods in use at the present time, the most desirable is to follow the S3Tnbol or abbre- viation of the quantity and its Roman numeral by a paren- thesis inclosing the English name of the quantity and num- eral, written in full, thus: Strychninae, 5ii (Two drachms.) Other methods are to underline the quantity, as morphinse, gr. x; or to place the letters "Q. R." from "quantum rectum" the correct quantity, or its English equivalent, " O. K.," at the rignt of the quantity. An exclamation point in the same position has sometimes been used, but it is liable to be mis- taken for a part of the numeral. In determining whether or not a certain dosage of a drug is excessive, the pharmacist should remember that the doses 58 PRESCRIPTIONS (Continued) 59 of drugs, as generally published, are the average doses, and that a much larger dose of many of them may be safely em- ployed under the direction of a physician. The age, size, sex and condition of a patient should be considered; a large person may generally take a greater dose than one of smaller stature, a man a larger dose than a woman, and a mature person a larger dose than a child. Doses should be lessened for children and for very old people in proportion to their ages. The frequency of administration should be noted and also whether the medicament is lasting in its effect, or acts in a cumulative manner. The mode of administration also has a direct bearing upon the size of the dose that may be given with safety. The following methods of administration are arranged in order of their activity: i. Hypodermic injections and inhalations; 2. Internal administration by means of liquids, powders, pills, tablets, etc.; 3. External administration by means of liniments, ointments, plasters, and most suppositories. The doses of drugs in veterinary work vary greatly accord- ing to the kind of animal, and its size and weight, but, roughly speaking, a large-sized dog and a man take the same dose of most drugs; a cat one-half, a horse sixteen times and a cow twenty-four times as much as a man. The filling of any doubtful prescription should always be deferred until such time as information to clear up the diffi- culty may be procured from the prescriber. 107. Harrison Narcotic Law Prescriptions. The national narcotic law, popularly known as the Harrison law, which went into effect March i, 19 15, makes certain regulations regarding the sale of opium and coca leaves and any of their compounds, derivatives, or preparations, such as alpha eucain, beta eucain, apomorphine, cocaine, codeine, dionin, heroin, morphine, etc. 60 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN These drugs may not be dispensed by a retail pharmacist except on a prescription which must bear the date, the name and address of the patient, and the name, address, and registry number of the prescriber, who may be a duly licensed physician, dentist or veterinarian. The dispenser must date the pre- scription when filled and preserve it for at least two years in such a manner that it is easily accessible for inspection. Such a prescription may not be refilled under any circum- stances. 1 08. Exemptions. The law does not apply to the sale of these drugs in "preparations" or "remedies" which do not contain more than two grains of opium, one-fourth grain of morphine, one-eighth grain of heroin, or one grain of codeine, or salts or derivatives of any of them, in a fluid oimce for liquids, or in an avoirdupois oimce for sohds or semi-solids. Nor does it apply to liniments, or ointments, or other prep- arations for external use only, provided that they do not contain cocaine or any of its salts, derivatives or substitutes. Solutions, ointments, and other preparations for use in the eye, ear, or nose, or for rectal, vaginal, or urethral adminis- tration, are not considered as being preparations for exter- nal use. " Preparations " or " remedies " are defined to be prepara- tions of the United States Pharmacopoeia or other compound mixtures such as are usually carried in stock by druggists and dispensed without a prescription, and which are prepared in accordance with a recognized or established formula. They may contain not more than one of the enumerated drugs in a quantity not greater than that specified, together with other active medicinal drugs which will confer upon such a prepara- tion or remedy valuable medicinal qualities other than that possessed by the narcotic drug if dispensed alone. Simple dilutions with sugar of milk or other similar substances, or PRESCRIPTIONS (.Continued) 61 simple solutions in water, syrup, etc., are not considered as bona fide medicinal preparations or remedies. An extempo- raneous prescription calling for even a very small amount of any of the proscribed drugs is not classed as a "prepara- tion" or as a "remedy," and so is not exempt from the pro- visions of the law, unless it calls for a standard preparation containing less than the given amounts of these drugs, to be dispensed without addition or change of any sort, even of dilu- tion. Paregoric may be used as an example. This is an official preparation which contains not quite two grains of powdered opium to the fluid ounce and therefore does not come within the scope of the law. It may be sold without a prescription, and if dispensed on a prescription calling for paregoric alone, without admixture with other substances, no special treatment is accorded the prescription. How- ever, if paregoric is prescribed in combination with another substance or substances, the resulting naixture is not, imder this law, technically a "preparation" or "remedy" and all of the requirements for narcotic prescriptions must be fulfilled. There is this exception, however, that if the paregoric were combined with other non-narcotic medicinal agents which would effect a dilution of the paregoric, the refilling of the prescription would be permitted. A correctly written narcotic prescription which would be accorded special treatment is given below: IJ Morphinas, gr. x Ipecacuanhas, gr. xx Sacchari, 5iss M. Div. in chartulas No. XL. Sig. Unam h. s. Dr. John Smith, 82 State St., Boston, Mass., Sept. I, 1916. Fed. Reg. No. 1200, 3d Dist. Mass. For Mrs. John Brown, 82? Court St.. Boston. 62 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 109. Prescriptions " By Parts." In some prescriptions and formulas the word "part" is used instead of calling for a certain amoimt of each ingredient, and the only amount def- initely specified is that of the finished product. Example: I^ Acidi Borici, Paraffin!, Petrolati Albi, M. Ft. ungt. Mitte unciam unam. Sig. Ungt. Boric Acid, 10 parts 10 parts 80 parts 110. Exceptional Prescriptions. In a few prescriptions, the rule that names of all drugs shall be in the Genitive case, and of all quantities in the Accusative case, is not followed. Examples are given below. I^ Pilulas Asafcetidae, U. S. P. xx Sig. Unam p. c. IJ Strychninae, Divide in chartulas, No. VI. Sig. Unam t. i. d. grani partem decimam ABBREVIATIONS Admove, Admoveatur Ana Ante cibum. Ante cibos Charta. Chartula Cochleare magnum Cochleare medium Cochleare parvimi Gargarisma Hora somni Mitte Mitte viginti tales Pro recto Admov. aa A. C. Chart. Coch. mag. Coch. med. Coch. parv. Garg. Hor. som.; H. Mitt. Mitt XX tal. Pro rect. Apply. Let be applied. Of each. Before food. Before meals. Paper. (Powder.) Tablespoonful. Dessertspoonful. Teaspoonful. A gargle. At bedtime. Send. Send twenty such. Rectal. PRESCRIPTIONS (,Cmtinued) 63 III. Recipe. Tincturae Myrrhse, Acidi Carbolici, Glycerini, Aquae Destillatse, PRESCRIPTIONS drachmas quatuor, scrupulum unum, drachmas tres, quantum sufiicit ad uncias octo. Misce. Signa. Gargarisma. I^ Syr. Acidi Hydriodic, giss Aq. Chloroform, 5ii Syr. Ipecac, 5i Syr. Wild Cherry, gi Syr. Tolu, q. s. ad Biv M. Ft. Mist. Sig. 5i t. i. d. M, Ext. Opii, gr. x Ext. Bellad., gr. i Cocaine Hydrochloride, gr. ii Gelatine, gr. xii Aq., m.xLviii Glyc, m. XX Ft. Suppos. No. XX. Sig. For ear. R Tinct. Iodine, Siii Glycerine, q. s. ad 5i R Ac. Tannic, 3ss M. Ft. mist. Opii, Signa. Admov. qq. hor. Ext. Bellad., aa Vaselini, 3i 3vii IJ Mitte decern suppositoria opii M. et ft. ungt. pro recto, gr. ii. Sig. Admov. h. s. R Resin Guaiac, 3i R Codeine, gr. ii Oil Turpentine, 3iii Ammon. Chlor., 3ii Vitellum ovi. Syr. Prun. Virg., ad Siv Aquae, giiiss M. Ft. Mist. M. Ft. Emulsum. Sig. Coch. parv. ut diet. Sig. Coch. mag. t. i. d., a. c. CHAPTER XIV METRIC PRESCRIPTIONS 112. The Metric System of Weights and Measures, which originated in France, is gradually supplanting the Apothe- caries' and Avoirdupois systems throughout the world, both for scientific and conmiercial purposes. Being a decimal system, it is simpler and more scientific than either of these systems, and its use in the United States Pharmacopoeia, the National Formulary, and other works of like character has done much to popularize its use in prescription writing by American physicians. The measures of volume in common use are the cubic centimeter, or, more correctly, the milliliter, and the Liter, which contains one thousand milliUters. For units of weight, the milligram, the Gram, containing one thousand milli- grams, and the Kilogram, containing one thousand grams, are used. These words have been Latinized as follows: English Latin Abbreviations cubic centimeter centimetrum cubicum c.c. milliliter » Tnillilitni-m mil Liter Litrum L. milligram milligramma mg. Gram Gramma Gm. Kilogram Kilogramma Kg. Gramma is a neuter noun of the third declension and will be studied more fully in a later lesson. It is now necessary 64 METRIC PRESCRIPTIONS 65 to know but two forms: Ace. sing, gramma, and Ace. plu. grammata. Quantities of weight are written as grams and decimals of a gram, and read as grams and milligrams. Vol- umes of liquids are written as milliliters, and decimals of the same, and are so read. Arabic numerals are always used. When a decimal fraction is used without a whole number, the decimal point should be preceded by a cipher to show that a whole number has not been carelessly omitted. Instead of using the decimal point, whole numbers and decimals are sometimes separated by a vertical line, numerals to the left of the line being read as whole numbers and those to the right as decimals. Unless otherwise specified, parts by weight are generally understood, regardless of whether the substance is a liquid or a solid; but the custom of using measures of voliune, if the medicine is a liquid, and of weight, if a solid, is followed under the Metric as well as the Apothecaries' system. This rule is not adhered to if a thick, heavy, or adhesive liquid such a ichthyol, is to be dispensed. Inasmuch as a physician cal- culates doses by volume, disregarding specific gravities, and the patient makes measurements of doses by volume, it is entirely logical to use parts by volume in dispensing liquids. In writing the Signa of liquid preparations, frequent use is made of the Latin words and abbreviations for teaspoonful, dessertspoonful, etc. If the dose is expressed in the Metric system it must be converted to these common measures for the convenience of the patient, or else a measuring vessel, accurately graduated in the Metric system, should be sup- plied. If the quantity is not expressed, cubic centimeters or milliliters are generally xmderstood; thus, 4 t. i. d. would be interpreted four milliliters, or one teaspoonful, three times a day. 66 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Approximate Metric equivalents are here listed: I mil or c.c. 15 mm. 2 mils one-half teaspoonful. 4 mils one drachm; one teaspoonful. 8 mils. two drachms; one dessertspoonful, 1 6 mils four drachms; one tablespodnful. 30 mils (29.57) one ounce. 500 mils (one-half Liter) one pint. (16.9 oz.) I Liter 34 ounces. (33.81 oz.) I Gram 15 grains. (15.43 gr.) I Kilogram (1000 Gm.) 2 lbs. 3 oz. A typical Metric prescription: IJ Ammon. Chlor., IS Syr. ScilL, 8. 90. gramma unum cum semisse, millilitra octo, Mist. Glycjrrr. Co. q. s. ad M. F. Mist. Sig. 4 c.c. q.q. 3 his. In complete Latin: Recipe, Ammonii Chloridi, Syrupi Scillse, Misturae Glycyrrhizae Compositae quantum sufficit ad Misce. Fiat mistura. Signa. Cubica centimetra (millilitra) quatuor quaque tertia hora. In English: You take of, Ammonium Chloride, one gram and 500 milligrams, Syrup of Squill, 8 milliliters, Compound Mixture of Licorice enough to make 90 milliliters. Mix. Make a mixture. Write. One teaspoonful every three hours. millilitra nonaginta. Adhibendus Bis in die Capsula amylacea ABBREVIATIONS Adhib. B. L D. Cap. amyl. To be administered. Twice a day. Cachet; konseal; wafer. METRIC PRESCRIPTIONS 67 Diebus altemis Dieb. alt. On alternate days. Divide in partes aequales Div. in part. aeq. Divide into equal parts Non repetatur Non. rep. Not to be repeated. Pro ratione atatis Pro rat. ast. According to age. Secundiun artem S. A. According to art. Statim Stat. Immediately. Talis, Tales, Talia Tal. Such. PRESCRIPTIONS "3- Recipe. Sodii Bromidi, Tincturae Belladonnae, Tincturae Opii Camphoratae, Syrupi. Aqua: Destillatae, ana quantum sufficit ad millilitra nonaginta. Misce. Signa. Millilitra quatuor ter in die. grammata sex, millilitra duodecim, millilitra quindecim, I^ Acid Hydrochlor. Dil., It • I^ Morphine, o 06. Ess. Pepsin (Fairchild's), 45- Chloroform, I Aq. Menth. Pip. < id 90. Ammon. Chlor., I M. Ft. Mist. Syr. Ipecac, 12 Sig. Coch. med. a. c. Syr., q. s. ad I20 M. Ft. Syr. I^ Pepsin, 2 5 Sig. Adhib. pro rat. aet. Non rep. Rhubarb, 2 5 Magnesia, 4 I^ Kalii lodidi, 4 M. Div. in Cap. am yl. No. XII. Syr. Ferri lodidi, i6 Sig. One b. i. d., p. c Aq. Dest., ad M. Ft. Mist. 9° I^ Phosphorus, o.o6s Sig. 4 c.c. b. i. d. Div. in pil. No. C, s. a. Sig. Unam ut diet. I^ Ext. Bellad. Fol., Ungt. Acidi Borici, lO 90 I^ Podophyllin, gr.l Vaseline Alb., 100 Rhei, gr. ii M. Ft. Ungt. Ipecac, gr.i Sig. Apply statim. M. Ft. pil. tales No .XXIV Sig, One h, s. CHAPTER XV VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION 114. Verb forms do not appear in the titles of chemicals or pharmaceutical preparations and have but a Hmited use in the Subscriptions and Signas of prescriptions. The present tendency is to write the Signa in Enghsh, and to shorten the Subscription as much as possible; therefore but Uttle time need be spent upon their study. In classical Latin the study of the verb is rather complex, including four conjugations and many irregular verbs, each having characteristic endings throughout its conjugation. In Pharmaceutical Latin only eight verb forms are needed. Of these the Imperative and Subjunctive forms are the ones most frequently used. 115. The Principal Parts. The principal parts of a verb consist of four forms: the present indicative, first person, sin- gular; present infinitive; perfect indicative, first person sin- gular; and the perfect participle. As the name indicates, they are the principal forms from which the other forms are derived in conjugating the verb, and as each conjugation has characteristic principal parts, an observation of these wiU in- dicate to which conjugation a verb belongs. Unless the forms are irregular, only the present indicative is given in fuU in the vocabulary, and this is followed by the characteristic endings for the other forms, Ex. agito, are, avi, atus. 68 VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION ii6. First Conjugation Verb. Principal Parts 69 Pres. Ind. agit-0 Pres. Inf. agit-are Perf. Ind. agit-avi Past Part. agit-atus Imper. agit-a, You shake Gerundive. agit-andus, To be shaken 1 Act. SubJ. Pres. jd Sing. /him\ agit-et, Let 1 her 1 shake Act. Suij. Pres. 3d Plural. agit-ent, Let them shake Pass. Suhj. Pres. 3d Sing. /him\ agit-etvir, Let! her be shaken \it / Pass. SubJ. Pres. 3d Plural. agit-entur, ' Let them be shaken Pres. Part. agit-ans, Shaking Past. Part. agit-atus, Shaken Verbs of this conjugation are indicated by the ending are of the present infinitive, the second form of the principal parts. The imperative may be formed by dropping the final re of the present infinitive; agit-are, agit-a. The subjunctive plural forms are made from the singular forms by inserting the letter n between the final t and its preceding vowel; agit-et, agit-ent. In this conjugation the preceding vowel is e, but it changes with the various conjugations as wiU be noted later. Passive forms in the indicative and subjunctive modes are made from the corresponding active forms by adding to them the suffix ur; agit-et, agit-etur; agit-ent, agit-entur. 117. Use of Verb Forms. A verb in the imperative mode has for its subject the pronoun "you," understood, and takes its object in the Accusative case. Cola tincturam, you strain the tincture. Cola tincturas, you strain the tinctures. The subjunctive, in both active and passive voices, has its subject, if expressed, in the Nominative case and must agree 70 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN with it in number. Mistura filtret, let the mixture filter. Misturae filtrent, let the mixtures filter. Mistura agitetur, let the mixture be shaken. Medicamentarius tincturam colet, let the druggist strain the tincture. The gerundive has forms similar to adjectives of the first and second declensions and must agree with its noun in gen- der, number, and case. Syrupus colandus, the syrup to be strained. Medicina dispensanda, the medicine to be dis- pensed. Emplastrum applicandum, the plaster to be applied. Emplastra applicanda, the plasters to be applied. ii8. Following are the verbs of the first conjugation which are most frequently used: agito, are, avi, atus, shake. lavo, are, avi, atus, wash. applico, are, avi, atus apply. macero, are, avi, atus. macerate. colo, are, avi, atus. strain. percolo, are, avi, atus, percolate. coloro, are, avi, atus. color. pulverize, are, avi, atus, pulverize. contuso, are, avi, atus bruise. pulvero, are, avi, atus powder. dispense, are, avi, atus, dispense. renovo, are, avi, atus. renew. filtro, are, avi, atus, filter. signo, are, avi, atus. write. fonno, are, avi, atus, form. trituro, are, avi, atus. triturate. instillo, are, avi, atus, instill, drop. Irreg ular. do, dare, dedi, datus, give. 119. VOCAI ULARY seger, gra, grum, adj. sick. lachryma, se, f. tear. allium, i, n. garlic. laurocerasus, i, f. cherry laurel bene, adv. well. luteus, a, 11m, adj. yellow. carpus, i, m. wrist. macula, ae, f. spot. chinurgus, i, m. surgeon. nervus, i, m. nerve. detannatus, a, um. detannated. opticus, a, tmi, adj. optic. adj. siccatus, a, um, adj. dried. fascia, se, f. bandage, spongia, ae, f. sponge. band. tonicus, a, um, adj. tonic. hordetim, i, n. barley. Xericus, a, um, adj. sherry. in, prep, (with Ace. in. when motion is im- plied) VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION 71 Adde, Addatur Add. (not Ad) Add. Let be added, ki Ubitum Ad lib. At pleasure. Agitato vase Agit. vas. Shake the bottle. Capiat Cap. Let him take. Cujus libet Cuj. lib. Of any you please. Da, DettiT, Dentur D. Det. Give. Let be given. In aqua In aq. In water. Nocte maneque Noct. maneq. Night and morning. Pro usu externo Pro us. ext. For external use. Subinde Subind. Frequently. 120. Translate. Fascia applicanda. Vinum Xericmn de- tannatum. Signa. Signetur. Guttae instillandse. Colora tincturam. Medicina dispensetur. Pilulse formentur. Uncia iina detur. Unciae duae dentur. Da uncias duas. Mistura filtretur. Lava mortarium et pistillum. Tritura hydrargyrum et oleatum hydrargyri. Signa formulam. Sig- netur formula. Signa formulas. Formulae signentur. Ex- tractimi pulverandum. Contusa herbas. Agita phialam. Linimentum applicetur. Mistura agitanda. Fluidextractum percolet. Medicamentum in aqua maceret. Herba in mor- tario cum pistillo contusetur. Tritura oxidum argenti caute. Guttse itistiUandae in oculis. Pilulae dentur ante cibos. Lavetur macula cum aqua hydrogenii dioxidi. 121. Write in Latin. Let it be dispensed. Macerate. Let it be shaken! Give the medicine. Let the medicine be given. Apply the plaster. Shake the mixture. Let it be filtered. Strain the infusions. Let the almonds be bruised. Dispense the poison. Wash the mortar. Let the medicine be given. The water to be filtered. The suppositories to be formed. Instill a drop in the eye. Macerate the quassia in water. The tincture to be given immediately. The drugs to be powdered. Triturate in a mortar. Cherry laurel water. Let the surgeon apply the tincture of iodine. 72 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 122. PRESCRIPTIONS IJ lodoformi, grana duodecim, Acidi Tannici, grana viginiti et quatuor, Misce, et fiant suppositoria pro recto secundum artem, numero duodecim. Mitte sex. Signa. Unum ut dictum nocte maneque. I^ Tr. Bellad., Tr. Aconite, aa 5iv Lin. Chloroform add., 5ii M. Ft. Lin. Sig. Pro usu ext. ^ Iron, I 250 Iodine, 4 150 Dil. Hypophosphor. Ac. , 2 Sugar, 6o Water, q. s. ad lOO M. S. A. Sig. Syrup of Iron Iodide. 3 01. Ricin, 25- Gum Arabic, 6. Syrup, 10. 01. Gaulth., o-S Aq. Dest. q. s. ad 6o. M. Ft. Emuls. S. A. Sig. Coch. med. ad lib. Agit. v ase. I^ Arsenic Trioxide, 0.5 Dil. Hydrochloric Acid, 2.5 Aq. Dest., q. s. 60. M. Sig. Liq. Acidi Arsenosi. 10. 90. I^ Ammoniated Mercury, Petrolat. Alb. 01. Rosse, q. s. M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Apply subind. I^ Strych., gr. i Acid Phosphoric Dil., 5iss Ess. Pepsin (Wyeth's) ad, 5iv M. Ft. Mist. Sig. Cap. 3i in aq. t. i. d. 'Bf Vinegar of Squill, 45 . Sugar, 80. Aq. Dest., q. s. ad 100. M. Sig. Dentur 2 mils. t. i. d. CHAPTER XVI VERBS OF THE SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH CONJUGATIONS 123. The conjugation to which a verb belongs may be recognized by the endings of the present indicative, first per- son singular, and of the present infinitive. These endings are given below: Conjugation Verb First agito Second misceo Third mitto "lo" verbs of capio Third Fourth audio Pres. Ind. Pres. Inf. are eo ere ere 10 ere 10 ire The important forms for each of the above conjugations are as follows : Imperative Act. Subj. Pres. Third Sing. Third Plural 1st agita agitet agitent You shake /him\ Let 1 her 1 shake Let them shake 2d misce misceat misceant You mix /hiin\ Let 1 her 1 mix Let them mix 3d mitte mittat mittant You send /him\ Let 1 her ] send Let them send lo of 3d cape capiat /him\ Let ( her 1 take capiant You take Let them take 4th audi audiat audiant You hear /him\ Let 1 her j hear Let them hear 73 74 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Pass. Subj. Pres. Gerundive Third Sing. Third Plural 1st agitetur /him\ Let ( her 1 be shaken Vit / misceatur Let it be mixed mittatur /him\ Let 1 her 1 be sent Vit / capiatur /him\ Let Iher 1 be taken audiatur agitentur agitandus 2d 3d Let them be shaken misceantur Let them be mixed mittantur Let them be sent To be shaken miscendus To be mixed niittendus To be sent lo of 3d capiantur capiendus 4th Let them be taken audiantur To be taken audiendus Let ( her 1 be heard Vit / Let them be heard To be heard The Verb Fio. Though active in form, the verb fio is pas- sive in meaning, being used as the passive form of facio. The subjvmctive forms are: fiat, let it be made, and fiant, let them be made. When these forms are used, the thing made is put in the Nominative case. Fiat tinctura. Fiant pilulae. When fac, the imperative form of facio is used, the thing made is put in the Accusative case: Fac misturam. 124. VOCABULARY chartula, ss, f. small paper latus, a, um, adj. broad. (powder). longus, a, um, adj. long. collunarium, i, n. nasal douche. pimenta, ae, f. allspice. collutorium, i, n. mouth wash. sevum, i, n. suet. convallaria, se, f. lily of the statim, adv. Immediately. valley. stramonium, i, n. stramonium. dein, adv. then. totus, a, um, adj. the whole. lappa, se, £. burdock. formula, se, f . formula. admoveo, ere, movi, motus, 2d apply habeo, ere, ui, itus, 2d have, keep. misceo, ere, ui, mixtus, 2d mix. addo, ere , didi, ditus, 3d add. [VERBS OF SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH CONJUGATIONS 75 bibo, ere, bibi, bibitus, 3d drink, conspergo, ere, si, sus, 3d sprinkle. divide, ere, visi, visus, 3d divide. extendo, ere, di, sus, 3d extend. involve, ere, vi, volutus, 3d coat, surround. mitto, ere, misi, missus, 3d send. pono, ere, posui, positus, 3d place, put. prsescribo, ere, scripsi, scriptus, 3d prescribe. scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptus, 3d write. solvo, ere, Ivi, lutus, 3d dissolve. sumo, ere, sumpsi, simiptus, 3d take. capio, ere, cepi, captus, "io" of 3d take. facio, ere, feci, factus, "io" of 3d make. sufficio, ere, feci, fectus, "io" of 3d to be suflScient. audio, audiri, audivi, auditus, 4th hear. ABBREVIATIONS Absente febre Abs. feb. Fever being absent. Adstante febre Ads. feb. Fever being present. Aqua buUiens Aq. bull. Boiling water. Bulliat Bull. Let it boil. Hora decubita Hor. decub. At bed hour. Pro re nata P. r. n. As occasion arises. Saturatus Sat. Saturated. Solutio Sol. Solution. Sumat talem Sum. tal. Take one such. Sumendus Sumend. To be taken. 125. Translate. Admoveatur. Misce. Misceantur. Miscenda. Non misceant. Solve. Capiat. Fiant. Un- guentum admoveatur. Adde unciam. Mitte pilulas decern. Adde drachmam tincturse capsici. Addantur tinctura, essen- tia, et aqua. Divide in pilulas. Puer drachmam medicinae capiat. Extende emplastrum. Bibe misturam amaram. Consperge amylo. Involve balsamo tolutano. Capiat guttas quinque ante cibum. Mittatur statim uncia unguenti. Adda- tur drachma addi salicylici. Fiant chartae medicatae. Sume bis in die. Fiat emulsum. Fiant tabellae. Consperge gly- 76 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN cyrrhiza. Agitandus bene. Massa dividenda in pilulas. Praescriptuni non mittendum. Sodii bromidiun solvendum. Infusa facienda. Capiatur ad libitum. Admove omni hora durante dolore. Pilulae mittendae in scatula. 126. Write in Latin. To be prescribed. Mix intimately. Divide into tablets. To be added. Let him take. Let them take. To be mixed. Let it be coated with gelatine. Coat the pills with sugar. Send twenty-five pills. Let a pint be made. Write. To be taken frequently. Add four oimces of essence of wintergreen. Take at pleasure. Let fifty tablets be made. Mix an ounce of zinc oxide and an ounce of starch. Let it be dissolved in pure water. Let it be taken immediately after meals. Recipe, rss.j:joy^i xxiT ± i.\jn Olei Terebinthinse Rectificati, unciam semissem, Acacise, Syrupi Aurantii, Aquae Destillatae, ana quantum sufficit ad uncias quatuor. Misce. Fiat emulsum secundum artem. Signa. Cochleare parvum ter in die. IJ Syr. Scillas, S ss ^ Caffeine, gr. ii Paregoric, 3vi Phenacetine, gr. viii Syr. Tolu, 5i M. Div. in chart, no. ii. Aq. ad §iii Sig. Cap. unam p. r. n. M. Ft. Mist. Mitte uncias sex. I^ Ferri Reduct., 0.06s Sig. 5i P- r- u. Ft. pil. no. i, Mitte C. IJ Petrolati, 25- Sig. Sum. talem t. i. d. 01. Amyg. Express. ') 125. Gum Arabic, 10. If Hydrarg. Biniodid, gr. xii Tragacanth, 10. Pot. lod., 3i Water, q. s. ad Soo. Syr. Sarsap. Co. q. s. Siv M. Ft. Emul. S. A. M. Sig. Sig. Ssssumend. p. c. Agita bene. 3i t. i. d. a. c. et h. s. VERBS OF SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH CONJUGATIONS 77 1^ Iodoform, ^ Tr. Benzoin Co. Si Opium, aa gr. xii 01. Eucalyptus, m. xxiv M. Ft. Suppos. pro rect. no vi. M. Sig. One at night as directed. Sig. 3i to a pint of boiling water. CHAPTER XVII TfflRD DECLENSION NOUNS 128. For convenience in study, some of the noxins of the third declension have been grouped according to their gender and the manner in which their Genitive singular is formed. Those nouns not so grouped are treated separately after the groups have been studied. Careful attention should be given to the gender of all nouns of this declension in order that adjectives may be correctly used with them. The Genitive singular should be noted particularly. This is the form most often used in prescription work and contains the basic part to which the characteristic endings are affixed in fornaing the various cases. The case endings for masculine and feminine noims are identical, but the neuter endings differ. The plural forms are seldom used. 129. Group I. In this group are included the names of the add radicals of the o.xy-acids ending in as and is. They are masculine in gender, and form the base to which the case endings are attached by changing the final s of the Nominative singular to t. Among them may be noted: Acetas, acetate; arsenas, arsenate; benzoas, benzoate; bicarbonas, bicarbonate; bitartras, bitartrate; boras, borate; carbonas, carbonate; chloras, chlorate; chromas, chromate; citras, citrate; dichromas, dichro- mate; nitras, nitrate; oleas, oleate; oxalas, oxalate; permanganas, permanganate; phosphas, phosphate; salicylas, salicylate; stearas, stearate; sulphas, sulphate; tannas, tannate; tartras, tartrate; thio- sulphas, thiosulphate. Also, bisulphis, bisulphite; hypophosphis, hypophosphite; nitiis, ni- trite; phosphis, phosphite, and sulphis, sulphite, 78 THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS 79 They are declined as follows: Singular N. acetas, acetate G. acetat-is, of an acetate Ac. acetat-em, an acetate Ab. acetat-e, with, by, or from an acetate Pluiial N. acetat-es, acetates G. acetat-um, of acetates Ac. acetat-es, acetates Ab. acetat-ibus. with, by, or from acetates. M, . AND F. Nouns Case Endings Sing. Flu. as, (or various) es is um (ium) em es e(i] 1 ibus 130. Latinizing Names of Radicals of Oxy-Acids. In Latinizing the names of the acid radicals found in salts of oxy-acids, the English "ate" is changed to as, the "ite" to is, and any prefix that may appear in the English title is retained. Potassium nitrate, potassii nitras; potassium ni- trite, potassii nitris; bismuth subnitrate, bismuthi sub- nitras ; potassium perchlorate, potassii perchloras. 131. Adjectives. First and second declension adjectives may be used with third declension noims. When so used they must comply with the usual requirements of agreement in gender, nimiber, and case, but the endings of the noun and the adjective will differ as the adjectives retain the case end- 80 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN ings of the declension to which they belong. Ex. Phosphas prsecipitatus, precipitated phosphate. Arsenas ezsiccatus, exsiccated arsenate. 132. VOCABULARY aldehydum, i, n. aldehyde. lamina, ae, f. scales, thin pieces. aziingia, se, f. lard. Latine, adv. in Latin. carica, ae, f. fig. linum, i, n. flaxseed, linseed. carum, i, n. caraway. liquefactus, a. liquefied. chemia, se, f. chemistry. um, adj. creosotum, i, n. creosote. madidus, a, um. wet. crystallinus, a, crystalline. adj. um, adj. morbus, i, m. disease. denique, adv. at last. musculus, i, m. muscle. dispensatorium, dispensatory. pediluvium, i, n. footbath. i, n. potassa, ae, f. potassa; potassi- elastica, ae, f. rubber. um hydroxide. farina, ae, f . flour, meal. quillaja, ae, f. quillaia; soap fusus, a um, adj fused. bark. Gallicus, a tun, French, Gallic. senega, ae, f. senega. adj. soda, ae, f. soda; sodium hy- gentiana, ae, f. gentian. droxide. Collyrium Continuantur remedia Intime Omni quarta hora Pro vagina Pro urethra Sine aqua Si opus sit Stet, Stent Tere ABBREVIATIONS CoUyr. Cont. rem. Int. Omn. 4 hr. Pro vagin. Pro ureth. Sine aq. Si op. sit. Stet. Ter. An eye lotion. Continue the medicine. Intimately. Every fourth hour. Vaginal. Urethral. Without water. If there is need. Let stand. Rub. 133. Translate. Potassii nitras. Potassii nitris. Sodii benzoas. Bismuth! subnitratis. Barii sulphatis. Lithii car- bonas. Ferri et quininse citratis. Morphinse acetas. Cadmii sulphas. Cerii oxalas. Plumbi chromatis. Cupri acetatis. THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS 81 Natrii bisulphitis. Sodii arsenas exsiccatus. Argenti ni- tratis fusi. Syrupus ferri, quininse, et strychninas phosphatum. Mangani hypophosphitis. Strychninse nitratis. Calcii phos- phatis. Oleum lini. Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis. Tro- chisd sodii bicarbonatis. Ammonii benzoatis. Potassii dichromas. Acidum carbolicum liquefactum. Calcii car- bon'as praeparatus. Bismuthi et ammonii citras. Sodii phosphatis exsiccati. Elixir ferri et quininae phosphatimi. Strychninse sulphas. Unguentum zinci stearatis. Sodii oleas. Sodii carbonas crystallinus. Laminae pepsini. Habe fasdam madidam. Scribe Latine praescriptum. Acetommi est al- dehydimi. Morbum musculormn habet. 134. Write Nominative and Genitive Singtilar. Sodium borate. Potassiima chlorate. Saccharated carbonate of iron. Precipitated zinc carbonate. Potassium bitartrate. Mono- hydrated sodium carbonate. Iron and ammonium citrate. Sodium hyposulphite. Compound syrup of the hypophos- phites. Sodium thiosulphate. Pilocarpine nitrate. Silver nitrate. Mitigated silver nitrate. Codeine phosphate. So- dium nitrite. Glycerite of the phosphates of iron, quinine and strychnine. Granulated sulphate of iron. Sodiima citrate. Potassium chromate. Troches of potassium chlor- ate. Creosote water. Tincture of soap bark. Codeine phosphate. Predpitated calcium phosphate. 135. PRESCRIPTIONS Recipe, Morphinae Sulphatis, milligrammata sexaginta, Ammonii Muriatis, grammata duo, Syrupi Ipecacuanhae, millilitra quatuor, Syrupi Pruni Virginianae, quantum sufficit ad millilitra triginta. Misce. Mitte millilitra centum et viginti. SJgna. Millilitra quatuor omni quarta hora. 82 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN IJ Quin. Sulph., gr. XX IJ Zinci Sulph., gr. ii Strych. Sulph., gr.i Ac. Boric, gr. XV Ac. Hydrochlor. Dil., 3iss Aq. Dest. q. s. ad 5i Tr. Gent. Comp., 5i M. Ft. Collyr. Filtra. Syrup, q. s. ad 5iii Sig. Guttae pro oculis. M. Ft. Mist. Sig. Coch. parv. p. c. If Sod. Salicyl., 3ii Kal. Cit., 3iii IJ Arsenic Triox., gr.i Syr., 5i Strych. Sulph., gr. iss Aq. Pur. ad SK Quin. Sulph., gr. XL M. Ft. Mist. Mass. Ferri Garb., 5iii Sig. 5ss in aq. omni 2 hr. M. Ft. Mass. Div. in pil. no. LX. ^ Ungt. Galls, Sig. One b. i. d. Ungt. Stramonii aa M. Ft. Ungt. 5 iss H Ferri Sulph., " 6. Sig. Apply locally. Dil. Sulphuric Ac, lO. ■ Magnes. Sulph. 20. If Ungt. Hydrarg. Ox. Flav ', Tr. Gent. Co. 40. 1%, 15.000 Aq. q. s. ad M. Sig. 3i in aq. a. c. 120. Sig. Use in eye A. M. and P. M. CHAPTER XVIII THIRD DECLENSION (Continued) 136. Group 2. This group includes feminine nouns end- ing in is. The Genitive is identical with the Nominative; as N. digitalis, G. digitalis, Ac. digitalem, etc. Among them are: Cannabis, cannabis; digitalis, digitalis (foxglove); dosis, dose; febris, fever; finis, end; hydrastis, hydrastis; (golden seal); panis, bread; sinapis, mustard; sitis, thirst, and tussis, cough. A few nouns in is increase in the Genitive, which then ends in idis, as N. anthemis, G. anthemidis, Ac. an- themidem, etc. In this class are: Antfaemis, Roman chamomile; cantharis, cantharides (Spanish fly); colocynthis, colocynth (bitter apple); hamamelis, witch hazel; iris, iris; and macis, mace. 137. Group 3. This group includes feminine nouns end- ing in X. In forming the Genitive the x is changed to c and the regular ending is is added, thus, N. calx, G. calcis, Ac. calcem, etc. In this class are: Borax, borax; calx, lime; filix, fern; lux, light; nux, nut; pix, pitch; radix, root; salix, willow; and styrax, styrax or storax. If e precedes the x in the Nominative singular the e changes to i in forming the Genitive; as, Cortex, corticis, bark or rind; rumex, rumicis, yellow dock. 83 84 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 138. VOCABULARY abstractum, i, n. abstract. hydiosus, a, um, hydrous. arena, ae, f. sand. adj. bacillus, i, m. bacillus(lit.arod). Indicus, a, um, Indian. calendula, 3e, f. marigold. adj. carbasus, i, m. gauze. linteum, i, n. lint. castanea, se, i. chestnut. mica, ae, f. crumb. cetraria, as, f. Iceland moss. monobromatus, monobromated. dorsum, i, n. back. a, um, adj. fractus, a, urn, broken. nux vomica, nu- nux vomica. adj. cis vomicae, f. guttatim, adv. drop by drop. piz liquida, picis tar. hebdomada, ae, f week. liquidae, f. hedeoma, ae, f. pennyroyal. santalum, i, n. santal; sandal wood, ABBREVIATIONS Dm-ante dolore Dur. dol. While pain lasts. More dicto Mor. diet. In the manner directed. More solito Mor. sol. In the manner accustomed Ne tradas sine nununo Ne tr. sine num. Cash on delivery Nocte Noct. At night. Optimus Opt. The best. Post edente Post edent. After eating. Semihora Semihor. Half an hour. Singularum Sing. Of each. Ultimus Ult. The last. 139. Translate. Syrupus castaneae. Pro dose. Emplas- trum sinapis. Tinctura cantharidis. Belladonnae radix. Au- rantii corticis. Pro tussi. Mica panis. Tincturee nucis vomicae. Picis liquidae. Fluidextracti rumicis. Carbasus carbolatus. Mitte capsulas olei santali. Misce drachmam boracis et unciam aquae destillatae. Mitte undas duas fluid- extracti hydrastis. Solve in aqua unciam sodii boratis. Cal- cis chlorinatae. Tincturae calendulae. Extracti colocjTitliidis compositi. Mitte doses sex. Fluidextractum cannabis THIRD DECLENSION (Continued) 85 indicae. Linimentum calcis. Fiant octarii duo syrupi pro tussi. Calx sulphurata. Aurantii amari cortex. Adde gut- tatim drachmam tincturae benzoini compositae. Recipe aquam et cetrariam et fiat decoctum. Habet dorsum fractum. Misce uncias duas aquas hamamelidis et unciam unairi tincturae arnicae. Agita bene. 140. Write in Latin. Witch hazel bark. Oil of orange peel. Extract of colocynth. Of belladonna root. Of the extract of nux vomica. Of Spanish fly. Of cinnamon water. Tar ointment. Of the fluidextract of cannabis indica. Of the tincture of marigold. Send twenty doses. Orange peel. Make an oimce of the glycerite of hydrastis. Send a mixture for fever. Mix a drachm of zinc oxide and an ounce of car- bolated vaseline. Of yellow cinchona bark. Let him write the prescription in Latin. Oil of mustard. Tincture of the peel of bitter orange. Mustard paper. Medicated gauze. 141. Correct Errors, if Any. Aqua hamamelis. Nucis vomica. Infusum digitalis. Pro dosis. Oleum sinapidis. Extractum colocynthis compositus. Calx sulphurati. Pix hquida. Mistura pro febre. Syrupus aurantu corticis. Linimentum calx. Fluidextractum hamamelis foliorum. Mitte congimn unum aquae hamamelidis. Fluidextractum cannabis indica. Sjnnipus pruni virginias et pix liquida. Cor- tex hamamelidis. Mitte dosis decem. Drachmae duae sunt dosis. Sume drachma nocte. Mitte piraescriptum prima luce. Styrax est balsamum. Linteum antisepticus. Capiat med- icina subinde. 142. PRESCRIPTIONS Recipe, Infusi Digitalis, uncias duas, Nitroglycerini, grani partem tertiam, Essentiae Pepsini, quantum sufficit ad uncias quatuor. Misce. Signa. Cochleare parvum omni quarta hora. 86 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN I^ Acetan., gr. XL. Caffeine, gr. x Camphor Monobrotn., gr. x M. Div. in Pil. vel Cap., no. XXX Sig. Unam qq. semihor. dur. dol. I^ Balsam Copaiba, 5 ss Acacia Opt., 3i Tr. Lavender Comp., §i Water, q. s. ad g iii M. Ft. Mist. Sig. 3" t. i. d. post edente. N. Tr. S. Num. Cera Flav., S ss Cera Alb., 5v Exp. Oil Almond, gii Sod. Borate, gr. xv Rose Water, add. g vii Ft. Ungt. S. A. M Sig. Admove bene nocte. I^ Ac. Salicylic, i. Fl. Ext. Cannabis Ind., 0.5 Collodion, q. s. ad 30. M. Ft. Collodion. Sig. Applicandum more dicto. IJ Strych. Sulph., gr. sg Ferri Reduct., 3i Arsenic Triox., gr. i Quinine Sulph., 3 iii M. Ft. Pil. no. LX. Sig. One t. i. d. I^ Ungt. Hydrarg. Nitrat. Ungt. Plumbi Acetat., Ungt. Zinci Oxidi, aa giss M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Admove more solito. IJ Tab. Sod. Salicyl., gr. iii, No. xx Sig. One every three hours. CHAPTER XIX THIRD DECLENSION (Continued) 143. Third Declension. Group 4. This group includes nouns of Greek origin which end in ma. These words are exceptions to the general rule that all nouns ending in a belong to the first declension. They are neuter in gender and take the neuter case endings which are exemplified in the declension of gramma. Singular N. gram-ma, a gram G. gram-matis, of a gram Ac. gram-ma, a gram Ab. gram-mate, with, by, or from a gram. Plural Case Ending Sing. Plural. N. gram-mata, grams ma mata G. gram-matum, of grams matis matum Ac. gram-mata, grams ma mata Ab. gram-matibus (is), with, by, or from mate ibus (is) grams. Among the nouns of this group are: Cataplasma, poultice; decigramma, decigram; enema, enema, in- jection; gargarisma, gargle; gramma, gram; kilogramma, kilogram; magma, magma; milligramma, milligram; physostigma, physostigma, Calabar bean; rhizoma, rhizome, and theobroma, cocoa. 144. Third Declension. Group 5. This group includes neuter nouns iti ol. These nouns are sometimes consid- ered as being indeclinable, and many of them have optional 87 88 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN forms ending in um, making them neuter nouns of the sec- ond declension. In this group are included: Alcohol; aristol; creosol; cresol; eucalyptol; guaiacol; ichthyol; men- thol; naphthol; phenol; pyrogallol; resorcinol; salol, and thymol. I4S- VOCABULARY absolutus, a, um, absolute. adj. adeps, adipis, m., lard, fat. 3d sether, eris, m., ether. 3d caput, itis, II., 3d head, lana, ae, f. wool. liquor, oris, m., liquor, solution. 3d lotus, a, tun, adj. washed. nox, noctis, f., night. 3d papaver, eris, n., poppy. 3d pastillus, i, m. pastille. percolatum, i, n. percolate. percolum, i, n. percolator. Pemvianus, a, Peruvian. um, adj. piper, eris, n., 3d pepper, solutio, onis, f., a solution. 3d sterilisatus, a, sterilized. um, adj. sublimatus, a, sublimed. lun, adj. sulphur, uris, n., sulphur. 3d vas, vasis, n., 3d vessel. vitreus, a um, of glass. adj. zingiber, eris, n., ginger. 3d In the above vocabulary and in those of succeeding lessons will be found words of the third declension which do not belong to any of the groups which have been studied. These words have too great a variety of endings and genders to make it advisable to classify them into groups. This being the case, special attention must be given to their gender and the formation of the Genitive singular. ABBREVIATIONS Cochleare amplum Coch. amp. Tablespoonful. De die in diem De d. in di. From day to day. Fiat lege artis F. 1. a. Make according to art Guttatim Guttat. Drop by drop. Omni hora Omn. hor. Every hour. THIRD DECLENSION (.Continued) 89 Quantum libet Q. lib. As much as you wish. Quantum volueris Q. vol. As much as you wish. Quantum vis Q. vis As much as you wish. Quantum placet Q. plac. As much as you please. Sume, Sumendus Sum. Take. To be taken. 146. Ablative of Time. Time at or in which an action takes place is denoted by the Ablative without a preposition; as, Sume medicinam nocte, take the medicine at night. 147. Translate. Unguentum sulphuris. Liquor ferri ter- sulphatis. Oleoresina piperis. Adeps lanae. Alcoholis abso- lute Liquor sodii phosphatis compositus. Liquoris plumbi subacetatis. Sulphuris sublimati. Unguentum ichthyolis. Pastilli lactucarii. Liquoris sods chlorinatae. In vase vitreo. Piper rubrum. Alcohol dilutum. Aether purificatus. Succus papaveris. Liquor iodi carbolatus. Tinctura zingiberis. Tincturae physostigmatis. Cataplasmatis kaolini. Olei theo- bromatis. Liquor cresolis compositus. Liquor morphinae. Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, Pearson. N. F. Mitte pastse zinci oxidi imciam unam. Phenol est acidum carbolicum. Mitte granmia unum. Mitte grammata duo mentholis, et gram- mata sexaginta phenolis. Recipe milligrammata tria strych- ninae sulphatis et milligrammata ducenta quininae sulphatis. Mitte doses magnas duas essentiae zingiberis. Mitte in phiala vitrea. Fiat solutio sterilisata morphinae sulphatis. 148. Write in Latin. Solution of ammonium acetate. Washed sulphur. Black pepper. Solution of lead sub- acetate. Pure alcohol. Of precipitated sulphur. Antiseptic lint. Solution of iron subsulphate. Of purified phenol. Of the solution of chlorinated soda. A rhizome is a root. The ginger is in the percolator. Mix a drachm of menthol and a drachm of phenol. Salol is an antiseptic. Opium is the dried juice of the poppy. A percolator is a glass vessel. Send twenty-five grams of the oleoresin of ginger. Hydrous wool fat. Apply at night. 90 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 149. PRESCRIPTIONS Recipe, Tincturae Digitalis, Tincturae Ferri Chloridi, Acidi Phosphorici Diluti, Glycerini, quantum sufficit ad Misce et fiat mistura. Signa. Sume drachmam unam cum aqua post cibos. drachmas quinque drachmas quinque drachmas quinque uncias quatuor I^ Pilocarpine Nitrate, 0.2 IJ Kal. lod. Sat. Sol., 5i Morph. Sulp., 0.05 Sig. Gtt. X mor. diet. Cocaine Hydrochlor., 0.3 Aq. Dest., 20. IJ Resorcin, 3ii M. Ft. Sol. Filtra. Tr. Cantharid., Sss Sig. Pro oculo. Ut dicto. Witch Hazel, Svi Alcohol Dil., ad Oct.! I^ Ungt. Zinc. Ox., 5i M. Ft. Sol. Filtra. Ungt. Sulphur, 5i Sig. Applica nocte. Resorcin, 5iss Pro usu ext. Phenol, gr. XV M. Ft. Ungt. IJ Sol. Bichloride Hg. i :5oo, Oct. ii Sig. Applicandum noct. maneq. Sig. Apply every hour as directed. • Poison. I^ Bal. Peru, gr. X Eucalyptol, gr. X I^ Menthol, gr. ss Menthol, gr. V Camphor, gr. ss 01. Cinnamon, gtt. iv Iodine, gr. 1 Adeps Lanae Hyd. Liq. Vaseline, Si Zinc. Oleo-stearate, aa q. s. ad 5i M. M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Gtt. iii in nose t. i . d. Sig. Apply in nose with small brush. CHAPTER XX THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES 150. Adjectives of Two Terminations. Adjectives of the third declension may be divided into two classes: I. Those which have in the Nominative singular two different forms — the masculine and feminine forms being identical, the neuter form having a different ending. II. Those which have but one form in the Nominative singular, — the same for all gen- ders. In adjectives of the first class the masculine and feminine forms end in is and the neuter form in e. They do not increase in forming the Genitive, and are declined like nouns of the third declension. Singular Pltir AL Mas . and Fern. Neuter Masc. and Fern. Neuter N. sequalis sequale sequales sequalia G. sequalis sequalis sequaliiim sequaliiim Ac. aequalem sequale sequales sequalia Ab. aequale (i) sequale (i' ) sequalibus (is) sequalibus (is) In using these adjectives with nouns of other declensions, rules of agreement in gender, number, and case must be ob- served. When used in this way the case endings of a noun and its accompan)dng adjective will not be alike, as mentha viridis, coUodium flexile. 91 92 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN I5I. ADJECTIVES OF TWO TERMINATIONS sequalis, e, equal. omnis, e, all every. onimalis, e, animal. Portensis, e. Port. Canadensis, e Canadian, solubilis, e, soluble. communis, e. common. subtilis, e, very fine. dulcis, e. sweet. suprarenalis, e, suprarenal. flezilis, e. flexible. talis, e, such. fortis, e. strong. tenuis, e, fine, dilute. levis, e. light. viridis, e, green. mitis, e. mild. volatilis, e, volatile. mollis, e, soft. vulgaris, e, common. VOCABULARY 8ethyl, yUs, n., 3d ethyl. pars, partis, f., 3d part. amyl, ylis, n., 3d amyl. pepo, onis, m., 3d pumpkin seed auris, is, f. ear. persio, onis, f. 3d cudbear. calomelas, calomel- calomel. phenyl, ylis, n., 3d phenyl. anos, 11., 3d praeparatio, onis, f.. preparation. carbo, onis, m ., 3d charcoel. 3d color, oris, m. 3d color. pulvis, pulveris, m., powder. conf ectio, onis f., 3d confection. 3d glyceryl, ylis. n., 3d glyceryl. sal, sails, n., 3d salt. hydras, atis, m., 3d hydrate. sapo, onis, f., 3d soap. lagena, se, f. bottle. saturatus, a, um, saturated. limon, onis, f., 3d lemon. adj. lotio, onis, f., 3d lotion. trituratio, onis, £., trituration. methyl, ylis, n ., 3d. methyl. 3d ABBREVIATIONS Aqua pura Aq. pur. Pure water. Dentur tales doses D. t. d. Give of such doses. Ex aqua Ex aq. Out of water. In water. In scatula In scat. In a box. Mane primo Man. prim. First thing in the morn- Omni mane vel nocte Omn. man. vel noct. ing. Every morning or night. Phiala prius agitata P. p. a. The bottle first being shaken. THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES 93 Pro dose Pro dos. For a dose. Quotidie Quotid. Daily. Reductus in pulverem Red. in pulv. Reduce to a powder. 152. Translate. Pulvis aromaticus. Carbo animalis. Pulvis subtilis. Omni hora. Saponis mollis. Doses tales. Opii pulvis. Aquae menthse viridis. Oleum sinapis volatile. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis. Extractum solubUe. Terebin- thina Canadensis. Partes aequales. Amylis nitris. Aurantii cortex dulds. Pulveres subtiles. Glandulse suprarenales siccae . CoUodium flexile. Solutio composita. Ferri et qui- ninas citras solubilis. Magnesii oxidum leve. Methylis sali- cylas. Confectio sennae. Tinctura saponis viridis compo- sita. Pulveris acetanilidi compositi. Pulveres viginti. Cum grano salis. Aqua fortis est acidum nitricum. Mitte uncias quatuor tincturae saponis viridis. Coloretur cum tinctura persionis. Qleum rosae est oleum volatile; oleum theo- bromatis non est volatile. Divide in partes aequales duodedm. 153. Write in Latin. Animal extracts. Sweet tincture. Strong solution. Light powder. All parts. Mild chloride. Soft pills. Soluble iron and ammonium citrate. Of soluble iron and ammonium citrate. Green solution. Glyceryl hy- drate. Port wine. Soft capsules. Volatile oil. Antiseptic lotion. Of tincture of lemon. Purified animal charcoal. Emulsion of pumpkin seed. Lemon juice. Send a drachm of calomel. You take an ounce of the saturated solution of boric acid and a half an ounce of camphor water. Send four ounces of the liniment of soft soap. Add a drachm of the tincture of cudbear. Salol is phenyl salicylate. 94 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 154. PRESCRIPTIONS IJ Opii pulveris, gr. i Sacch. Alb., gr. iv M. Ft. Pulv. D. t. d. no. xxiv. Disp. in scatula. Sig. Cap. unam si op. sit. ^ Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit., gr. J Ext. Rhei, Ext. Colocynth Comp., aa gr. ss Ext. Hyoscyami, gr. | M. Ft. Pil. Tales No. L. Sig. Two pills pro dose. IJ Acidi Borici, part, v Adipis Lanse Hydrosi, part, xv Adipis Benzoinati, part, lxxx M. Ft. Ungt. Mitte unciam unam, Sig. I^ Ext. Opii, gr. vi Ac. Tannic, gr. xxiv 01. Theobrom., q. s. M. Div. in Suppos. No. xii. Consperge lycopodio. Sig. Unum nocte ut dicto. ^ Pulv. Senna, Pot. Bitart., Sulphur Lot., aa gi Zing, pulv., 3i M. Red. in pulv. Det. in scatula. Sig. 3iss mane primo ante cibum. I^ Liq. Magnesii Citrat., lagenam unam Sig. Capiat omnem ante cibum. I^ Pulv. Carbo. Lig., 3sb Tr. Nux Vom. 3i Ess. Pepsin, 3iii Syr. Acacia, 5ii Aq. Piu:. q. s. ad gvi M. Sig. 3i ex. aq. P. C. I^ 01. Ricin., f.§iv Acacia pidv. Aquje aa q. s. ut fiat emuls.f.gxii Adde Tr. Op. Camp., Syr. Pruni Virg., aa f.gii M. Sig. f.§ ss. b. i. d. p. p. a. CHAPTER XXI THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES {Continued) 155. Adjectives of One Termination. The third declen- sion adjectives which have the same form in the Nominative singular for all of the three genders, generally end in ns and form the Genitive by changing the ns to nt and adding is: absorbens, absorbentis. A few which end in ex form the Genitive by changing the ex to ic and adding is; simplex, simplicis. Singular Masc. and Fern. Neuter. N. potens potens G. potentis potentis Ac. potentem potens Ab. potente (i) potente (i) PL^IElAL Masc. and Fem. Neuter. N. potentes potentia G. potentium potentium Ac. potentes potentia Ab. potentibus potentibus Adjectives ending in ex are: Duplex, double; quadriplez, quadruple; simplex, simple, and triplex, triple. 95 96 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Adjectives in ns are: Absorbens, absorbent; adjuvans, helping; adstringens, astringent; aperiens, aperient, laxative; deliquescens, deliquescent; demulcens, demulcent; detergens, detergent, cleansing; dolens, painful; efiervescens, effervescent; emolliens, emollient, softening; fervens, hot; ftunans, fuming; laxans, laxative; potens, powerful; recens, recent, fresh, and rubefaciens, blistering. 156. VOCABULARY albumen, inis, n., 3d albumen. flos, floris, m., 3d flower. altunen, inis, n., 3d alum. fons, fontis, m., 3d spring. aluta, se, f. leather. genus, generis, n., 3d kind. antidiphthericus, antidiphther- lac, lactis, n., 3d milk. a, lun, adj. ic. ophthalmicus, a, urn, pertaining to berberis, idis, f., 3d barberry. adj. the eye. bini, se, a, adj. two each. OS, oris, n., 3d mouth. caro, camis, f., 3d flesh; beef. OS, ossis, n., 3d bone. cochleare, is, n., 3d spoonful. partitio, onis, f., 3d division. coctio, onis, f., 3d boiling. satis, adv. enough. colchicum, i, n. colchicum. semen, inis, n., 3d seed. dens, dentis, m., 3d tooth. ABBREV serum, i, n. serum. lATIONS Coque, Coquatur Coq. Boil. Let boil. Cras mane sumendus Cras man. sumend. Take to-morrow morning. Extractum Ext. An extract. Folium, Folia Fol. A leaf. Leaves. Gradatim Grad. Gradually. Modicus Mod. Moderate sized. Mollis, MoUe Moll. Soft. Omni quadrante horse Omn. quadra a. hor. Every fifteen minutes. Omni tertia hora Omn. tert. ho r. Every third hour. Solve Solv. Dissolve. 157. Translate. Colchici semen. Aliunen exsiccatum. Sodii phosphas effervescens. Serum antidiphthericum. Sac- chamm lactis. Cochleare amplmn. Syrupus simplex. Lotio adstringens. Acidi nitrici fumantis. Mistura aperiens. Pul- vis effervescens compositus. Tinctura herbarum recentiimi. THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES (Continued) 97 Aquse bullientis. Tinctura amicae florum. Fluidextractum colchici seminis. Lotio emolKens. Albumen punmx. Quil- laia est detergens. Aqua fontis. Pulvis pro dentibus. Misce et cape nocte. Mitte unciam amicae florum. Pars dolens. Capiat uncias duas aquae aperientis. Macera herbas recentes in alcohol dilute. Alumen est adstringens. 158. Correct Errors, if Any. Gossypiimi absorbentis. Magnesi sulphas effervescens. Pilulse laxans. Tincturae amicae flores. Alimien purus. Sacchari lactis. Syrupi sim- plex. Remedia potentia. Calcii chloridima dehquescens. Partes dolentia. Lotio opthalmicus. Solutio saturatus acidi borici. Linimentum hamamehs et amicae. Mitte lotio anti- septicus pro os. Medicinae laxantes multae sunt. Prse- paratio simplex. Cochleare duo. Semen bonum. Mitte uncias duo fluidextracti colchici semenis. Partitio aequalis. Extractum camis. 159. PRESCRIPTIONS ^ Tr. Digitalis, 4- I^ Menthol, gr.x Sod. Brom., 12. Acid Salicyl., 3i Syr. Zingiber, 30. Ungt. Simpl., Aq. Menth. Pip. ad 90. Lanoline, aa Sss M. Sig. Coch. Parv. in aq. qq. 4 hr. M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Apply as directed. ^ Tr. Nux Vom. 5iii Ext. Rham. Pursh. Fl., , 5i I^ Zinc. Ox., Sss Tr. Gent. Co. q. s. ad 3iii Ac. Carbolic, Sss M. Ft. Mist. Glycerine, 3i Sig. 5i in wineglass water t. i. d. Lime Water, q. s. ad Sviii p. c. M. Ft. Lotion. Sig. Apply night and morning. I^ Aspirin, gr. ii External use. Sod. Bicarb., gr. iii Phenacetine, IJ Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit, .06s Salol, aa gr. iss Sacch. Lact., 1. 000 M. Ft Pulv. tal. No. VI. M. Div. in Chart, no. xvi. Sig. One omn. tert. hor. Sig. One every hour ut diet. For Mrs. Jones' infant. 98 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN I^ Acetphenetedin, I^ Aloes, Si Salol, aa gr. iii Pulv. Zing., 3i Calomel, gr. i Glycerine, Soda Bicarb., gr. ii Aq., aa q. s. M. Ft. Pulvis et pone in capsula. M. Ft. Bolus. Mitte III tal. Mitte caps. no. X. Sig. Ut diet. Sig. Ut. diet. CHAPTER XXII FOURTH DECLENSION 160. Only a few nouns in common use belong to the fourth declension. Though these end in us, as do the masculine nouns of the second declension, they have an entirely dif- ferent set of case endings. With few exceptions the noims of this declension are masculine in gender.' They are de- clined as follows: N. spirit-US, G. spirit-us, Ac. spirit-um, Ab. spirit-u, Singular a spirit of a spirit a spirit with, by, or from a spirit Case Endings us us us uum um us u ibus Plural N. spirit-us, spirits G. spirit-uum, of spirits Ac. spirit-us, spirits Ab. spirit-ibus, with, by, or from spirits There are no adjectives of this declension. The noims most frequently used are: Fructus, us, m., fruit; haustus, us, m., draught, drink; manus, us, f., hand; potus, us, m., drink; quercus, us, f., oak; spiritus, us, m., spirit, and usus, us, m., use. 161. Prepositions. Following is a list of the prepositions commonly used in Pharmaceutical Latin. 99 100 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Governing the Ablative case: Cum. . . with Cum aqua. E or ex. . . .out of; from; in Ex aqua. Pro for Pro tussi. In (meaning "place where") in. .In phiala. Sine without Sine aqua. Governing the Accusative case: Ad to; up to Ad uncias tres. Ante before Ante cibum. Contra against Contra febrem. In (motion implied), in In pilulas. Per through Per os. Post after Post cibum. Secundum.according to Secundum artem. 102, VOCABULARY setas, aetatis, {., 3d age. ignis, is, m., 3d fire. ars, artis, f., 3d art. inflanunatio, onis, f., inflammation asellus, i, m. the cod. 3d calor, oris, m., 3d heat. inhalatio, onis, f., 3d inhalation. ceratus, a, tun, adj. waxed. injectio, onis, f., 3d injection. dolor, oris, m., 3d pain. jecur, oris, n., 3d liver. elixir, iris, n., 3d (or elixir. nebula, ae, f. spray. indeclin.) nitrosus, a, um, adj. nitrous. excipiens, entis, n., excipient. odontalgia, ae, f. toothache. 3d Saigonicus, a, um, Saigon. extemus, a, um, adj. external. adj. frigus, oris, n., 3d cold; chill. Zeylanicus, a, um, of Ceylon. hirudoi inis, f., 3d leech. ABBREV adj. lATIONS Collutorium CoUut. A mouth wash. CoUunarium CoUunar. A nasal douche. Ejusdem Ejusdem Of the same. Horse unius spatio Hor. un. spat. One hour's time. In die Indi. Daily. FOURTH DECLENSION 101 In loco frigido In loc. frig. In a cool place. Modo praescripto Mod. praes. In the manner prescribed. Octarius 0., Oct. A pint. Pel fistulam vitream Per fist. vit. Through a glass tube. Praecipitatus Ppt. Precipitated. 163. Translate. Ante cibos. Divide in pilulas. Ad pran- dium. In scatula. Pro injectione. Ex lacte. Cum creta. Elixir hypophosphitum cum ferro. Elixir terpini hydratis sine codeina. Sjnrupus pro tussi. Dispensa in capsulis. Emul- sum olei morrhuae cum calcii phosphate. Pilulse ad prandium. Pulvis cretae aromaticus cum opio. Dispensa in chartulis ceratis. Emulsum olei morrhuae cxirn calcii et sodii phospha- tibus. Lotio pro oculo. Spiritus frumenti. Ferri hydrox- idum sine magnesii oxido. Suppositoria acidi tannici cum opio. Suppositoria acidi tannici et opii. Applica ad partes dolentes. Elixir gentians cum ferri chlorido. Excipiens pro pilulis. Pulvis magnesii oxidi cum rheo. Mitte hiru- dinem pro oculo nigro. Mitte misturam contra febrem. Spiritus ammoniae aromaticus. Fiat potus laxans. 164. Write in Latin. For external use. Antiseptic spray for the nose. Emulsion of cod liver oil with extract of malt. For a chill. Liniment for the inflammation. Drops for toothache. Before food. Of the elixir of terpin hydrate with heroin. According to age. Rectal injection. With heat. Cough syrup without morphine. After breakfast. Lotion for inflammation of the eye. Tablets for sleep. In hot milk. After dinner. Rectified spirit of wine. Fluid- extract of white oak. Saigon cinnamon. Volatile oil of Cey- lon cinnamon. 102 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 165. PRESCRIPTIONS If Tr. Valerian, Tr. Lavand. Co., Spt. Ammon. Arom., aa M. Sig. Drachmam semissem in aq. P. C. If Cerium Oxalate, Bis. Subnit., Sod. Bicarb., Cafieine, M. Dent. Chart, tal. no. IV. Sig. Unam omn. tert. hor, If Tr. Nux Vom., gi Elix. Gent, cum Tr. Ferri Chlor. N. F., ad gviii M.. Sig. 3'ss t. i. d. a. c. et h. s. If Charcoal, gr. iss Magn. Ust., gr. iiss 5i 01. Menth. Pip. gtt. i ;m in M. et Ft. Pulv. no. i. Disp. xii. Sig. Utdict. gr. ii If Senna pulv.. 5" gr. V Pot. Bitart., gr. V Sulphur Loti, aa Si gr. iss M. Ft. pulv. Misce intime. • Sig. More solito. If Liq. Plumbi Subacetat., § i Tr. Opii, 5iv Liq. Calcis, q. s. ad 5 vi M. Sig. Add to 3 parts cold water. Apply every hour. ^ Ammon. Carb., 30. If Pot. Citrate, 3i^ Aq. Ammon., 90. Tr. Aconite, m. V 01. Lemon, 10, Sp. Nit. Ether, 5ii 01. Lavender, i-S Liq. Ammon. Acet., , ad 5i Alcohol, Soo. M. et Sig. 5i omn. quarta hora ex Aq. Dest. q. s. ad 1000. aq. M, . Ft. Sol. lege artis. Si|g, Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. CHAPTER XXIII FIFTH DECLENSION i66. NotTNS of the fifth declension end in es and are feminine in gender. They are declined as follows: Singular N. di-es, a day G. di-ei, of a day Ac. di-em, a day Ab. di-e, with, by, or from a day Plural Case Endings N. di-es, days es es G. di-enim of days ei arum Ac. di-es, days em es Ab. di-ebus. with, by, or from days e ebus There are no adjectives of the fifth declension. The most commonly used nouns are: Dies, ei, f., day; fades, ei, f., face; glacies, ei, f., ice; meridies, ei, f., noon; res, ei, f., thing, and species, ei, f., a mixture of herbs, a tea. 167. Prefixes. The following prefixes, derived from Latin and Greek numerals, are used to a considerable extent in chemical and pharmaceutical nomenclature. 103 104 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN From the Greek: From the Latin:. Mono; mon, one; single Un; iini, one; single. Di; dis , two; twice Duo; 1 Tri; tris, three; thrice Bi,* \ two; twice. Tetra, four; four times Bin, J Penta, five Ter; tri, three. Hexa, six Quadra; quadri, four. Hepta, seven Quinque ; quinqui, five. etc. Sexa; sexi, six. Sept; septi, seven. Octo; octi, eight. etc. The following prefixes, not derived from numerals, are also frequently used: Anti, against. Hypo, below, or under. Meta, beyond; changed. Ortho, ordinary; usual. Para, changed; altered; beyond. Per, through; wholly; entirely. Poly, many. Proto, lower; first. Pyro, altered by heating. Semi, one-half. Sesqiii, one and one-half; ratio of two to three. Sub, below; under. Super, above. Thio, containing sulphur which has replaced oxygen. i68. Indeclinable Nouns. Several nouns of other than Latin origin find a use in pharmaceutical nomenclature, but have not been given a Latin form. Among them are: * The prefix " bi " is also used to indicate an acid salt, as sodii bicarbonas. FIFTH DECLENSION 105 Agar-agar; buchu; catechu; diachylon; gambir; jabo- randi; kino; matico; sassafras; spermaceti, and sumbul. For these \yords the English and Latin forms are identical. Cajuputi, cajuput; caoutchouc, rubber; cusso, kousso, and gtunmi, gum, also belong to this group. Coca, elixir, and noiins ending in al and ol are sometimes included. 169. VOCABULARY bis, adv. twice. modulus, i, m. mould. bos, bovis, m., 3d ox. mors, mortis, f ,3d death. eras, adv. (or indeclin. to-morrow. mucilago, inis. f..3d mucilage. . noun) nomen, inis, n. .3d , name. factitius, a, tun, adj. Artificial; quantitas, atis. i; 3d quantity. manufac- quater, adv. four times. tured. semel, adv. once. fel, fellis, n., 3d bile; gall. sterilis, e, adj., 3d sterile. hypodermicus, a, lun, hypodermic. sudor, oris, m. 3d sweat. adj. ter, adv. three times lactopeptinum, i, n. lactopeptin. vesper, eris, m ,3d evening. medulla, ae, f. pith. vulnus, eris, n. ,3d wound. 170. Translate. Plumbi tetroxidum. Fel bovis. Sassa- fras medulla. Mucilaginis acaciae. Quantitatem senaissem. Fiat solutio morphinse hypodermica sterilis. Cras vespere sumendus. Emplastrum diachylon. Tincturas kino. Hydro- genii monoxidiim. Sodii orthophosphatis. Baiii peroxidum. Sodii hyposulphis. Fiant suppositoria in modulo. Sodii thi- osulphas. Admove glaciem ad faciem. Capiat cochlearia magna duo quater in die. Species emollientes. Species emol- liens. Hydrargyri subchloridum. Ferri sesquioxidum. Potassii hypochloris. Fluidextracti buchu. Spiritus glycer- ylis nitratis. Vulnus dolens habet. Dentur morphinae grana duo, bis in hora, ad mortem. Sal laxativum factitiiun. 171. Write in Latin. Bariiun dioxide. Infusion of buchu. Laxative species.' Mucilage of tragacanth. Elixir of phos- phorus. Apply three times. An equal quantity. Artificial 106 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN oil of wintergreen. Take four times a day. Oil of cajuput. Simple elixir. Flmdextract of jaborandi. Protochloride of mercury. Purified oxgall. Glyceryl trinitrate. Painful wound. Tincture of kino. Bismuth subnitrate. Potassium permanganate. Lead subacetate. Send a large quantity of sterile gauze. Mix quinine sulphate and diluted sulphuric acid and make quinine bisulphate. He has a pint of the fluidextract of buchu. Sodium hypophosphite. Elixir of orange is simple elixir. 172. PR ES ;cR IPTIONS I^ Quinine Sulph., 5ss If Bis. Subcarb., gss Dil. Sulphuric Acid, q. s., Resorcin, 3i Elixir Simpl., 5ii Magn. Ust., gi Aq. ad 5iii M. Div. in chart. No. xii M. Ft. Sol. Sig. One powder one hour P. C. Sig. 5ii qq 4 hr. ^ Menthol, . 23 If Ferri Reduct., Camphor, .25 Quin. Sulph., aa A 01. Eucalyptus, .50 Strych. Sulph., 01. Paraffine, 30. Ac. Arsenosi, aa 06 M. Sig. Nebula pro naso. M. et Div. in Chart. No .LX. Sig. One 4 i. d. If Lead Acetate, 17.5 Tr. Opium, 35. ^ Creasote Carb., 5i Aq. Dest., ad 1000. Powdered Acacia, M. Ft. Lot. Glycerine, aa 5iv Sig. Lead and Opium Wash. Syr. Hypophos. Na. and C !•) ad Siii If Ammon. Carb., gr. l M. S. A. Sp. Frument., Sig. 3i in 5i aq. a. c. Ext. Glycyrr. Fid., aa 5vi Aq. Pur. q. s. ad giv ^ Tr. Nuc. Vom., 5v M. Signetur, 3i omn. tert. hor. Tr. Ferri Citrochlor. 3v X Elix. Gentian Glycerinated, 5i If Lead Plaster, 50. Elix. Lactopeptine, q. s. ad Biv Olive Oil, so. M. Sig. CoCh. parv. t. i. d. a. c.^ Tr. Benzoin, 15. ex aq. " M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Ut dicto. CHAPTER XXIV COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 173. Adjectives of all declensions are compared in the ' same manner/ and have, as in English, three degrees of com- parison — positive, comparative, and superlative. Those which are regularly compared, add ior or ius to the basic part of the word to form the comparative, and issimus-a-um, to form the superlative. In forming the comparative, ior is used for a masculine or a feminine adjective, and ius for one of neuter gender. In the superlative, issimus, issima or issimum is used according to gender. Thus: Positive Comparative Masc. purus 1 purior 1 Fem. pura >pure purior > purer Neut. purum J purius J Superlative Masc. purissimus 1 purest, Fem. purissima > most pure, Neut. purissimum J very pure Also: Masc. levis ] levior | levissimus 1 lightest, Fem. levis [light levior [lighter levissima > very Neut. leve J levius J levissimum J light 174. Compare. Dolens, painful; dulcis, e, sweet; fortis, e, brave; mitis, e, mild; potens, powerful; simplex, simple; subtilis, e, fine, and tenuis, e, fine; dilute. 107 108 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 175. Irregular Comparison. Some adjectives are irregu- lar in their comparison: Positive Comparative bonus, a, um, good melior, ius, better magnus, a, um, large major, us, larger parvus, a, um, small minor, us, smaller Superlative optimus, a, um, best mazimus, a, um, largest minimus, a, um, smallest 176. Declension of Comparative. The comparative form is declined like an adjective of the third declension, the basic part being identical with the Nominative singular of the masculine gender. Singular Plural M.,F. Neut. M., F. Neut. N. purior purius puriores puriora G. purioris purioris puriorum puriorum Ac. puriorem purius puriores puriora Ab. puriori puriori purioribus purioribus The superlative forms are declined like adjectives of the first and second declensions. 177. Adverbs. Adverbs are sometimes formed from adjec- tives of the third declension by adding ter or iter to the basic part of the word formed by dropping the case ending of the Genitive singular. Thus, potens, powerful; potenter, powerfully; fortis, strong; fortiter, strongly. Occasionally the neuter Nominative singular, or the Abla- tive singular of the adjective is used. Thus, facile, easily; primo, firstly; verum, truly; dextro, on the right; and laevo, on the left. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 109 178. Comparison of Adverbs. Adverbs are compared as follows: Potenter, potentius, potentissime. The Accusa- tive neuter singular of the comparative form of the adjective is used as the comparative of the adverb, and the superlative is formed by using the ending e instead of us, a, or um. If the adjective is irregular in its comparison, the adverb will also be irregular as, bene, melius, optime. 179 VOCABULARY anserinus, a, um, of a goose. juscxxlum, i, n. broth; juice. adj. Isevus, a, um, left. basis, is, f., 3d base. adj. capsicum, i, n. capsicum; Cay- lenis, e, adj., 3d gentle. enne pepper. mos, moris, m., manner. cetaceum, i, n. spermaceti 3d chondrus, i, m. Irish moss. sanguinaria, se, f sanguinaria; cormus, i, m. corm. blood root cutis, is, f., 3d skin. sanguis, inis, m., blood. dexter, tra, tnim, right. 3d adj. sarsaparilla, es, f. sarsaparilla.. hepar, atis, n., 3d liver. sopor, oris, m., sleep. incisus, a, um, cut. 3d adj. tempus, oris, n., time. juglans, andis, f., butternut. 3d 3d zea, ae, f. corn silk. 180. Translate. Puella fortis. Puella fortissima. Reme~ diimi simplicissimum. Pulvis subtilis. Pulvis subtilissimus. Medicina potentior. Extractum purius. Acidum fortius. Spiritus tenuis. Oleum optimum. Vinum album fortius. Aqua ammoniae fortior. Aquae ammonias fortioris. Olei optimi. Infusum gentianae compositum fortius. Aquae rosae fortioris. Oleum olivae optimum. Spiritus dilutus. Acidum potentissimum. ^ther fortior. Adeps anserinus. Col- chici cormus. Hepar sulphuris. Leni igni. Jusculum bovis. Basis unguenti est adeps lanae. Radix incisa. Cortex jug- 110 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATEST landis. Mucilago chondri. Talcum est pulvis subtilissiraus. Habet alcohol purissimum. Tabellae pro sopore. i8i. PRESCRIPTIONS I^ Urotropin, I^ Ichthyol, 2. Potass. Citrate, aa 3iss Ungt. Zinc Oxide, IS- Syr. Lemon, gi Ungt. Aq. Ros. ad 60. Aq. Dest., ad 5iii M. Ft. Ungt. M. Ft. Mist. , Sig. Apply to leg. Sig. 3i in wineglass water ■41 . d. If Pil Cascara Sag., aa gr.v, no. IJ F. Ext. Ipecac, m. XXX XXX. Fl. Ext. Senega, Si lii Sig. Unam nocte. Fl. Ext. Rhubarb, m, ,CCXL Morphine Sulph., gr . viii If Tab. Strych. Sulph., gr. 1/60 Oil Sassafras, m. , XV Dent. tal. dos. no. l. Syrup, q. s. ad gxxxii Sig. One 4 times daily. M. Ft. Syr. Sig. Compound Syrup of Morphine If Lotio nigra. 250. Sig. Apply on soft cloth. Shake IJ Pot. lod.. 8. well. Vin. Colch. Rad., 12. Syr. Sarsap. Co., 50 • If Ammon. Chlor., 3i Aq. Dest., ad 90. Tr. Op. et Ipecac, 3ss M. Sig. 3i in aq. p. c. Syr. Squill, Sp. Nit. Ether, 3ii I^ Sp. Turp., 3x Liq. Ammon. Acetat., aa Siiss Aq. Ammon. Fort., 3x Syr. Tolu, 3iv Lin. Sap. q. s. ad Oct. ii. Aq., q. s. ad Siv M. Ft. Lin. M. Ft. mist. Sig. For horse. Sig. 3i in aq. qq. 3 hr.' l82. CHAPTER XXV VOCABULARY articulus, i, m, joint. latus, eris, n., 3d side. aut, conj. or. leviter, adv. lightly. brachium, i, n. arm. lingua, ae, f. tongue. capillus, i, m. hair. matricaria, », f. German chamo- chenopodium, i, American worm- mile. n. seed. nans, is, f., 3d nostril. cor, cordis, n., 3d heart. OS sepiae, ossis cuttlefish bone. corpus, oris, n., body. sepise 3d paucus, a, um, adj., little; plural, a cydonium, i, n. quince seed. few. delphinium, i, n. larkspur. pes, pedis, m., 3d foot. donee., conj. until. ren, renis, m., 3d kidney. fauces, jum pharynx; throat. stomachus, i, m. stomach. (plu), f., 3d tanacetiun, i, n. tansy. humulus, i, m. hops. vicis, is, f., 3d time; turn. labium, i, n. lip. 183. List of a few Commo n Synonyms Adeps gadi, Cod liver oil. Alumen ustum, Burnt alum; exsiccated alum. Aqua fortis, Nitric acid. Aqua phagedaenica flava, Yellow wash. Aqua phagedaenica nigra, Black wash. Aqua regia, Nitromuriatic acid. Arsenous acid, Arsenic trioxide. Balsam of fir, Terebinthina Canadensis. Basham's mixture, Liquor ferri et ammonii acetatis. Bay rum, Spiritus myrcise. Benzosulphinidum, Saccharin. Blaud's pills, Pills of ferrous carbonate. Brandy, Spiritus Vini Gallici. Brown mixture, Mistura glycyrrhizae composita. Ill 112 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Calomel, Canada balsam, Carron oil. Chromic acid, Cologne, Corrosive sublimate, Cresylic acid. Hydrargyri chloridum mite. Terebinthina Canadensis. Linimentum calcis. Chromium trioxide. Spiritus odoratus. Hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum. Cresol. Dobell's solution, Dover's powder. Liquor sodii boratis compositus. Powder of ipecac and opium. Elixir of orange, Elixir, simple, Epsom salt, Eserine, Aromatic elixir. Aromatic elixir. Magnesium sulphate. Physostigmine. Flowers of sulphur, Sublimed sidphur. Gin, Glauber's salt, Green soap. Spiritus juniperi. Sodium sulphate. Sapo mollis. Hive syrup Compound syrup of squill. Lanolin, Lugol's solution, Lunar caustic. Adeps lanae. Liquor iodi compositus. Argenti nitras fusus. Monsel's solution. Liquor ferri subsulphatis. Oil of bitter almonds, synthetic, Oleum jecoris aselli, Oil of wintergreen, synthetic. Oleum Theobromatis, Paregoric, Peruvian bark. Rum, Seidlitz powder, Slippery elm, Spirit of glonoin. Benzaldehyde. Cod liver oil. Methylis salicylas. Cocoa butter. Camphorated tincture of opium. Cinchona. Spiritus sacchari. Pulvis effervescens compositus. Ulmus. Spiritus glycerylis nitratis. COMMON SYNONYMS 113 Spirit of nitroglycerine, Spirit of turpentine, Spirit of nitre, sweet, Spirit of Mindererus, Spiritus tenuis. Sulphuric ether, Tannin, Triple rose water, Tully's powder, Whiskey, White precipitate, Witch hazel, Spiritus .glycerylis nitratis. Oil of turpentine. Spirit of nitrous ether. Liquor ammonii acetatis. Diluted alcohol. Mthei. Acidum tannicum. Aqua rosae fortior. Pulvis morphinas compositus. Spiritus frumenti. Spiritus liordei. Hydrargyrum ammoniatum. Aqua hamamelidis. 184. TRANSLATE M. Ft. Lotio. Liq. Plumbi, O. ss. Spiritus hordei. M. et gargarisma chlorinatum fiat. 5ss omn. quart, hor. Part, dolent. applicand. Agita. vase. Admoveatur b. i. d. Consperge pulvere aromatico. Sig. 8 p. r. n. Coch. amp. mane primo. Conspergentur cinnamomo. Pil. una b. i. d. per hebdom. Cap. ujiam semihor. p. c. Unum omni terti* hora. Lava partes afifect. Spiritus rectificatus. Cap. 3i 4 X day. Repetat omni hora. D. T. D. XX. Solve in aq. Fiat pil. Mitte xii tal, j noct. maneq. Inj. morph. hypod. 3iv, 5iv b. i. d. Ft. garg., subind. utend. M. tere in pidverem. 4 c.c. ad lib. 5i ss ex aq. 5ii t. i. d. post edente. Nocte una sumenda. Sumat nocte. Dentur in scatula. Dentur in capsulis. Hora decub. utend. Fiat pasta zinci mollis. Involve argento. Sumat talem subinde. Ft.emplastrum. Admov. man. prim. Det. pro. rat. set. Bull, horae unius spatio. M. et dentur tales numero iv in charta cerata. Tere simul et in chartulas no. vi divide. Ft. pil. una. Mitte xii, quarum cap. una omn. noct. si op. sit, M. Ft. Mist. Coch. mag. ter quaterve die sumend. Ft. mist. Cap. coch. med. qq. hor. et coch. mag. h. s. 114 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 185. PRESCRIPTIONS I^ Pulv. Amygd. Amar., sine cortice et oleo, 5i Pulv. Iridis, Sss Sod. Boratis, 3ii 01. Lavand., m. L M. bene. Per cribum trajice. Sig. Almond meal. IJ Santonin, gr. viiiss Calomel, gr. xii Sacch. Alb., 5i M. Div. in Chart, no. xii Sig. As directed. I^ Calomel, gr. iss Pulv. Rad. Rhei, gr.iv Oleosacch. Menth. Vir., 9i M. Ft. Pulv. D. T. D. no. vi. Disp. in chart, cerat. Sig. Una h. s. IJ Ac. Tannic, gr. ii Ac. Carbolic, gr. i 01. Theobrom., q. s. M. Ft. Suppos. tal. pro. ureth. no. vi. Sig. Ut dicto. IJ Creosote, gr. ii Phenyl. Sal. gr. iii M. Ft. Cap. Gel. Mitt. xxiv. tal. Sig. One t. i. d. Pulv. Opii, 0.4 Benzoic Acid, 0.4 Camphor, 0.4 01. Anise, o.S Glycerine, 4.0 Dil Alcohol q. s. ad 100. S. A. Ft. Tinct, M. Sig, Paregoric. IJ Tannin, Lead Acetate, aa gr. xii Ext. Bellad., gr. iv 01. Theobrom., q. s. M. Ft. Suppos. no. viii. Sig. Una nocte. For Mrs. Brown. IJ Fl. Ext. Bellad., Lini Farinae, Aq. Bull., q. s. M. Ft. Cataplasma. Admove calide ad dorsum. 5ss 5 xii APPENDIX i86 Term or Phrase. Absente febre, Adde. Addatur, Addatur cum tritu, Ad defectionem animi, Adhibendus, Ad libitum, Ad sectmdam vicem, Admove. Admoveatur, Ad partes dolentes, Adstante febre, Aggrediente febre, Agitato vase, Albus, Alvo adstricta. Ana, Ante cibum, Ante cibos, Aqua adstricta. Aqua aerata, Aqua bulliens. Aqua destillata, Aqua fervens. Aqua fontis, Aqua pluvialis, Aqua ptura, Balnetmi vaporis, Bis in die, Bulliat, Capiat, Capsula amylacea, Charta. Cbartula, ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation, abs. feb. add. (Not ad.) add. cum trit ad def. anim. adhib. ad lib. ad 2nd vie. admov. ad part, dolent. ads. feb. aggred. feb. agit. vas. alb. alv. adstr. aa. a,c. a.c. aq. ads. aq. aerat. aq. bull, aq. dest. aq. ferv. aq. font, aq. pluv. aq. pur. bain. vap. b. i. d. bull. cap. caps. amyl. chart. 115 Meaning. Fever being absent. Add. Let be added. Add with trituration. To fainting. To be administered. At pleasure. To the second time. Apply. Let be applied. To the painfiil parts. Fever being present. When fever is coming on. The bottle being shaken. White. For constipation. Of each. Before food. Before meals. Ice. Carbonated water. Boiling water. Distilled water. Warm water. Spring water. Rain water. Pure water. A steam bath. Twice a day. Let it boil. Let him take. Cachet. Konseal. Paper. (Powder.) 116 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Tenn or Phrase. Abbreviation. Meaning. Charta cerata, chart, cerat. Waxed paper. Cito dispensetur, cito disp. Let it be dispensed quickly, Cochleare amplum, coch. ampl. Tablespoonful. Cochleare magnum, coch. mag. Tablespoon! ul. Cochleare medium, coch. med. Dessertspoonful. Cochleare parvum, coch. parv. Teaspoonful. CoUunarium, collun. Nasal douche. Collutoritmi, collut. Mouth wash. CoUyrium, collyr. An eye lotion. Congius, cong. A gallon. Consperge. Conspergen- tur, Contere, - consperg. Sprinkle. Let be sprinkled. conter. Rub together. Continuantur remedia, cont. rem. Continue the medicine. Coque. Coquetur, coq. Boil. Let boil. Cras mane sumendus. cras man. stunend. Take to-morrow morning. Cujus libet, cuj. lib. . Of any you please. Cum, c. With. Da. Detur. Dentur, d. det. Give. Let be given. Decoctum, decoc. A decoction. De die in diem. de d. in di. From day to day. Deglutiatur, deglut. Let be swallowed. Dentur tales doses, d. t. d. Give of such doses. Diebus altemis, dieb. alt. On alternate days. Dilutus, dil. Diluted. Dunidius, dim. One-half. Directiones, dir. Directions. Dispensa. Dispensetur, disp. Dispense. Let be dis- pensed. Dividatur in partes div. in par. seq. Divide into equal parts. aquales, Divide. Dividatur, div. Divide. Let be divided. Donee alvus soluta f uerit. donee alv. sol. fuerit. Until the bowels are loos- ened. Dosis, dos. A dose. Durante dolore. dur. dol. While pain lasts. ' Ejusdem, ejusdem Of the same. Emplastrum, emplas. A plaster. Ex aqua. ezaq. In water. APPENDIX 117 Tenn or Phrase. Ez modo prsescripto, Eztende super alutam, Extractum, Abbreviation. e. m. p. ext. sup. alut. ezt. Meaning. In the manner prescribed. Spread upon leather. An extract. Fac. Fiat. Fiant, Fiat lege artis, Filtra, Folium, Gargarisma, Gradatim, Granum. Grana, Guttatim, Hora decubittt. Horse unius spatio, Hora somni, In aqua, In die. In loco frigido, In scatula. In vaso clauso, Intime, Liquor, Macera per horas decern, Magnus, Mane primo, Medius, Mica panis, Misce, Mitte, Mitte quinque tales, Modicus, Modo prsescripto. Mollis, More dicto. More solito. ft. f. 1. a. filt. fol. garg- grad. gr- guttat. hor. decub. hor. un. spat. li.s. in aq. in d. in loc. frig. in scat. in vas. claus. int. Uq. mac. per hor. x. mag. man. prim. med. mic. pan. M. mitt. mitt. V tal. mod. mod. prses. moll. mor. diet. mor. sol. Make. Let be made. Let be made according to the law of the art. Filter. Leaf. A gargle. Gradually. A grain. Grains. Drop by drop. At bed hour. One hour's time At bed time. In water. In a day. In a cool place. In a box. In a closed vessel.- Intimately. Liquor. Solution. Macerate for ten hours. Large. First thing in the morning. Medium. Bread crumb. You mix. You send. Send five such. Moderate sized. In the manner prescribed. Soft. In the manner directed. In the manner accustomed. 118 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Term or Phrase. Abbreviation. Meaning. Ne tradas sine nummo, ne tr. sin. num. Cash on delivery. Nocte, noct. At night. Nocte maneque, noct. maneq. Night and morning. Nonrepetatur, non rep. Do not repeat. Obduce. Obducatur, obduc. Coat. Cover. Let be coated. Octarius, 0, Oct. A pint. Oletun, ol. An oil. Omni hora. omn. hor. Every hour. Omni mane vel nocte, omn. man. vel. noct . Every morning or night. Omni tertia hora, omn. tert. hor. Every three hours. (Every third hour.) Omni quarti. hori, omn. 4 hr. Every four hours. Optimus, opt. The best. Pencillum camelinum. penc. camel. Camel's hair brush. Per fistulam vilream, per fist. vitr. Through a glass tube. Piiiala prius agitata. p.p.a. The bottle being first shaken. Pilula, pil. A pill. Praecipitatus, ppt. Precipitated. Post cibum. Post cibos. p.c. After food. After meals. Post edente, p. edent. After eating. Pro dose, pro dos. For a dose. Pro ratione setatis, pro rat. aet. According to age. Pro recto. pro rect. Rectal. Pro re nata, p. r. n. As occasion arises. Pro vagina, pro vagin. Vaginal. Pro urethra, pro ureth. Urethral. Pro usu externo. pro us. est. For external use. Pulvis, pulv. A powder. Quantmn libet, q.l. As much as you wish. Quantum placet. q. plac. As much as you please. Quantum sufficit (Q. suf- q. s. As much as suffices. iat), Quanttmi vis. q. vis. As much as you wish. Quantimi volueris, q. vol. As much as you wish. Quaque hora. qq. hor. Every hour. Quotidie, quotid. Daily. APPENDIX IIJ Tenn or Phrase. Abbreviation. Meaning. Reductus in pulverem, red. in pulv. Reduce to a powder. Ruber, rub. Red. Saturatus, sat. Saturated. Secundum artem, s. a. According to art. Semen, sem. Seed. Semi. Semis, ss. One-half. Semihora, semihor. Half an hour. Separatim, separ. Separately. Signa. Signetur, sig. Write. Let be written. Simplex, simpl. Simple. Sine aqua. sine aq. Without water. Sine ezpressione. sine express. Without pressing. Singularum, sing. Of each. Simul, simul At the same time. Si opus sit, si op. sit If there is need. Solutio, sol. A solution. Solve, solv. Dissolve. Spiritus, spt. A spirit. Spiritus vini rectificatus. spt. vin. rect. Alcohol. Spiritus vini tenuis. spt. vin. ten. Proof spirit. Diluted alco- hol. Statim, Stat. Immediately. Stet. Stent, St. Let stand. Subinde, subind. Frequently. Simiat talem. sum. tal. Take one such. Sume. Sumendus, sum. Take. To be taken. Suppositorium, suppos. A suppository. Suppositoria rectalia. suppos. rect. Rectal suppositories. TabeUa. Tabellse, tab. Tablet. Talis. Tales. TaUa, tal. Such. Tere, ter. Rub. Tere simul. ter. simul Rub together. Terindie, t. i. d. Three times aday. Trochiscus, troch. A troche. nitimus. ult. The last. nitimus praescriptus. ult. pr%s. The last prescribed. Unguentum, ungt. An ointment. Ut dictum. ut diet. As told. 120 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Term or Phrase. Ab})reviation. Meaning, Viridis, vir. Green. VolatUis, vol. Volatile. Zingiber, zz. Ginger. 187. TOPICS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION Is the use of English preferable to that of Latin for pre- scription writing in the United States? Why? How would you proceed if you were asked to fill a prescrip- tion having an inscription correctly written in Latin, but a subscription written in a language that you were unable to interpret? Is it proper to fill a prescription for the use of a person other than the one for whom it was originally intended? Why? How would you proceed if you were in doubt as to the deciphering of an ingredient or an amount? What are the objections, if any, to the refiilling of a pre- scription without the physician's knowledge? What points should be considered in determining an over- dose? What would be the method of procedure if an ap- parent overdose were detected? If a quantity were onaitted? Would it be proper to furnish the patient with a copy of a prescription covered by the Harris6n Law? Would you dis- pense such a prescription if the date were lacking? Is it permissible for a pharmacist to make alterations or additions to a prescription? Explain. What objections, if any, to the use of a "Poison" label on a preparation for internal use, when the physician has not specified that it shall be used? Would you dispense an ounce of morphine on a prescrip- tion which fulfilled all of the requirements of the " Harrison Law " as to date, signature, etc. ? APPENDIX 121 Would you fill a " Harrison Law " prescription if you were not famiUar with the signature of the prescriber? Would you refuse to dispense such a prescription if it were signed with the physician's initials only ? What information should be given on the label ? How are prescriptions best preserved for future reference? Who owns the prescription, the doctor, the patient, or the pharmacist? Why? i88. PRESCRIPTIONS FOR INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION Note errors of omission, transposed quantities and excessive doses I^ 1 Morphine Sulp., 3i Sacch. Lact., gr. ii M. Div in chart, no. x. Sig. Unam H. S. 2 H Potass. Sulphuret, Zinc Sulph., aa 3i' Aq. Ros., 5iv Glyc, 3ii M. Ft. Lotion. Sig. Ext. use as directed. 3 Vin. Antimony, gtt. l Syr. Scillse, 3ii Tr. Thebaicae, Deod., gtt. vi Ext. Glycyrr. Fid., 3i Syr. Tolu, q. s. ad giii M. Sig. 3i every 2 hours. 4 I^ Quin Sulph., Ext. Cannabis Ind., M. Ft. Pil no. XX. Sig. One pill once in 4 hours. ^ gr.xL gr. V I^ 01. Lini, giiss 01. Gaulth., 01. Cinnam., aa m. XV Chondrus, 3ss Aq., Siii Glycerine, Bi Dil. Acid Hydrocyan., m. XX Syr. Simpl., q. s. 5viii M. Ft. Mist. L. A. Sig. Coch. med. t. i. d. p. c 6 If Creosote, m. xviii Amylum, 3i M. Ft. Cap. no. xxxvi. Sig. One b. i. d. 7 ^ Kal. lod. 5i Aq. dest. q. s. 5i M. Ft. sol. Sig. Gtt. X t. i. d. 8 If Camphor Monobrom., gr. xxiv Ext. Bellad., gr. iv Sig. One H. S. 122 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 15 ^ Hydrargyri, SO- I^ Chrysarobin, gr. XXV Oleate Ejusdem, 2. Ac. Salicylic, gr. xii Prepared Suet, 23. Ether, 5i Benz. Lard, 25. Flex. Collodion, 5i M. Ft. Ungt. S. A. M. Ft. Collodion. Sig. Use at night. Sig. Ut. diet. 10 16 I^ Syr. Ferri lodid. IS- ^ Strych. Elix. Calisaya, 30 • Ac. Hydrochloric. Dil. 3iii Syr. Aurant. ad 90. Ess. Pepsin, q. s. Biii M. M. Sig. Zh t. i. d. p. c. Sig. Tonic. 3i ex aq. a. c. 17 11 IJ Olei Tiglii, I^ Sodii biborat.. 2. S 01. Olivas, aa m.i. Aq. Laurocerasi, ■ J I. M. et pone in small capsule. Mucilag. Cydonii, Aq. Dest., 10. 100. Dent. tal. Caps. no. iv. Sig. One capsule at 9. Repeat at M. Ft. Collyr. 10 if necessary. Sig. Lotion for the eyes. ~ 18 I^ Liq. Formaldehyde, m. V. 12 Sp. Vini Rect., 3iv ^ Quin. Sulph., 4- Glyc, Siv Fl. Ext. Glycyrrh., 12. Aq. Cinnamon, q. s. ad, Sviii Aq. Dest., q. s. ad 90. M. Ft. Garg. M. Ft. Mist. Sig. Ut diet. Sig. 4 c. c. omn. hor. 19 13 I^ Kal. Brom., 0.8 IJ Quin. Sulph., 4- Atrop. Sulph., O.OOOI Aq. Dest., q. s. 90. Magn. Ox. Pond., 0.4 M. Ft. Sol. M. Ft. Pulv. tenuis et dent. tal. Sig. 4 mils. omn. hor. dos. XXX. 14 Sig. One in one-half glass water ^ Syr. Squill, 3vii t. i. d., p. c. Tr. Euphrasia, 3v 20 Syr. White Pine Co., ^ Ferri Sulp. Exsicc, gr. ii Syr.Hydriodic Addl'Gardner's, Kalii Carb., gr. iss aa q. s. ad 5iv M. Ft. Pil. S. A. M. Ft. Mist. Ft. L. Obduc. aigento. Sig. s-20 gtt. qq. 3 hr. Sig. Iron pills. APPENDIX 123 21 I^ Staphylococcus Vaccine P. D. & Co., LOGO (1 c.c. representing 400 millions) Acid Salicylic, o . s Ac. Borici, 2. 01. Amyg. Dulc, S- Liq. Calcis, 5. Lanolin, q. s. ad 30. M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. "Vaccine Ointment." 22 I^ Ext. Pancreatin (F.), 3ss Pulv. Pepsin, 5ss Ingluvin, 3i Carbo Ligni, 3ii Sod. Bicarb., 3'ss M. Div. in konseals no. xxiv. Sig. One p. c. 23 IJ Argyrol, 10% sol. gii Adrenalin (i-iooo), 3ii M. Ft. Mist. Sig. Use as spray. 24 1^ Resorcin, gr. xl Acid Acetic Dil., m. xv Tr. Myrrh, m. x Alcohol, 5ii 01. Ricin., m. xx 01. Bergamott., m. ,v Aq. Dest., ad 5iv M. Ft. Sol. Sig. Apply daily as directed. 25 I^ Ac. Sal., 4' Sulphur Lot, 8 . Sapon. Virid., 20. Adipis Benz. ad 120. M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Apply once a day. 26 IJ Sal. Carolin. Fact. gss Sod. Bicarb., 5ii Ac. Tartaric Siss M. Ft. Pulv., Sig. Coch. parv. in aq. ut diet. 27 I^ Strych. Sulp. gr. ss Digitalin, gr.l Cinchonidine Sulp. gr. L Pulv. Rhei, gr. XL Ext. Taraxacum q. s. M. Ft.pil. no.L. Consperg.glycyrrh. Sig. One p. c. 28 ^ Menthol, gr. V 01. Eucalyptus, m. XV Po. Camphor, gr. X 01. Rose Geranium, gtt. iii Liq. Petrolat. q. s. gi M. Ft. Nebula. Sig. Use frequently. 29 IJ Phenol, gr. xii Glycerine, 3 iii Chloroform, m. iv Digitalin, gr.-i Sol. Nitroglyc. 1%, m. xx Liq. Strychnine, m. xv Ess. Pepsin, ad giv M. Ft. Mist. Sig. 3' in aq. t. i. d. 30 IJ Chloral Hydrate, Menthol, Pulv. Gum. Camph. aa 3 iii 01. Cajuput, 3vi Tr. Bellad., 3iv Sp. Vini Rect. q. s. ad gvi M. Ft. Lin. Sig. Liniment. Use as directed. 124 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 31 34 IJ Heroin Hydroch., If Spt. Glonoin, Menthol, aa gr. 1-20 Tr. Nux, Succ. Limon, Natr. Brom., Sp. Chlorof ., aa m. v Elix. Pepsin, Syr. Pruni Virg., Tr. Gent. Comp. q. s. ad Syr. Tolutan. aa m. xxv M. Ft. Mist. M. Mitte giii. Sig. 5i a. c. m. L 5iii 3ii Siiss 5vi Sig. 3i every 2 or 3 lirs. 32 If Cod. Sulph., Sp. Juniper, Ammon. Chlor., Elix. Terpin Hydrate, Syr. Tolu q. s. ad M. Ft. Mist. 2S- IS- 3S- 2. Sig. 3i qq- 3 Ji'- and H. S. 33 If Ac. Salicyl. Sulphur Precip., 01. Pic. Liq., Pulv. Creta., Vaseline Alb. ad M. Ft. Ungt. Sig. Apply twice a day. 35 If Balsam Copaiba, gr. V Sp. Mth. Nit., aa 5ss Fl. Ext. Glycyrr., 5i Simple Syr., giss Sp. Gaulth., 3iv M. Ft. Mist. Sig. Coch. parv. 4 i. d. p. c. 36 If Artificial Wintergreen, 1 . Oil Camphor, 4 . Turpentine, 4. Olive Oil, aa gii 2. Menthol, 5ss 30. 01. Mustard, gtt. xxx M. Ft. Lin. Sig. Apply ex. 189. Roman Numerals. The Roman numerals consist of the letters, I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. When a numeral is placed before one of the greater value, its value is to be sub- tracted from that of the greater. When placed after one of greater value, its value is to be added to that of the greater. I. I VII. 7 XIII. 13 XIX. 19 LX. 60 CC. 200 11. 2 VIII. 8 XIV. 14 XX. 20 LXX. 70 CD. 400 III. .s IX. 9 XV. IS XXV. 2S LXXX. 80 D. Soo IV. 4 X. 10 XVI. 16 XXX. 30 XC. 90 DC. 600 V. .s XI. II XVII. 17 XL. 40 C. 100 CM. 900 VI. 6 XII. 12 XVIII. 18 L. so ex. no M. 1000 APPENDIX 125 190. Cardinal Numeral Adjectives. The following Car- dinal niimeral adjectives furnish a basis for forming the other numbers used in counting. 15, quindecim 16, sedecim 17, septebdecim 18, duodeviginti 19, undeviginti 20, viginti 21, viginti unus 22, viginti duo 30, triginta 40, quadraginta 50, quinquaginta 60, sexaginta 70, septuaginta 75, septuaginta qtiinque 2000, duo millia Of these, only unus, duo, tres, the hundreds, and millia, the plural of mille, are declined. 1, unus, una, unum 2, duo, duse, duo 3, tres, tria 4, quatuor 5, quinque 6, sex 7, septem 8, octo 9, novem 10, decern 11, undecim 12, duodecim 13, tredecim 14, quatuordecim 80, octoginta 90, nonaginta 100, centum loi, centum et unus 200, ducenti, se, a 300, trecenti, se, a 400, quadringenti, se, a 500, quingenti, s, a 600, sescenti, ae, a 700, septingenti, se, a 800, octingenti, ee, a 900, nongenti, se, a 1000, mille Masc. and Fern. N. duo G. duonun D. duobus Ac. duos Ab. duobus Neut. duse duanim duabus duas duabus Masc. duo duonun duobus duo duobus Fern. tres trium tribus tres (tris) tribus Neut. tria trium tribus tria tribus The hundreds are ■ declined like the plural of bonus, and mille like the neuter plural of aequalis, e. 191. Ordinal Numeral Adjectives. The ordinal numerals denote order or place. They are declined like bonus. ist, primus loth, decimus 2d, secundus nth, undecimus 3d, tertius 12th, duodecimus 4th, quartus 13th, tertius decimus Sth, quintus 14th, quartus decimus 6th, sextus iSth, quintus decimus 7th, Septimus 16th, sextus decimus Sth, octavns 17th, Septimus decimus gth, nonus i8th, duodevicesimus 126 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN igth, undevicesimus 100th, centesimus 20th, vicesimus 200th, ducentesimus 2ISt, vicesimus pnmus 300th, trecentisemus 30th, tricesimus 400th, quadringentesimus 40th, quadragesiinus sooth. qiiingentesimus 50th, qumquageBimus 600th, sexcentesimus, 60th, sezagesimus 700th, septingentesimus 70th, septuagesimus Sooth, octingentesimus 80th, octogesimus 900th, nongentesimus 90th, nonagesimus loooth, millesimus N. V. medicin-a, G. D. Ac. Ab. N. V, G. D. Ac. Ab. medicin-ae, medicin-se, medicin-am, medicia-a, medicin-se, tables of declensions and conjugations Nouns 190. First Declension. Singular a medicine of a medicine to, or for a medicine a medicine with, by, or from a medicine Pluhal medicines niedicin-arum, of medicines medicin-is, to or for medicines medicin-as, medicines medicin-is, with, by or from medicines 191. Second Declension. Singular puer acidum puer-i acid-i puer-o acid-o puer-xun acid-um puer acid-um puer-o , acid-o N. syrupus G. syrup-i D. syrup-o Ac. sjrrup-um V. sjmip-e Ab. syrup-o APPENDIX Plural N. syrup-i puer-i acid-a G. sjrrup-orum puer-orum acid-orum D. syrup-is puer-is acid-is Ac. syrup-OS puer-os acid-a V. syrup-i puer-i acid-a Ab. sjrrup-is puer-is acid-is 192. Third Declension. Singular N. V. acetas tussis nuz G. acetat-is tuss-is nuc-is D. acetat-i tuss-i nuc-i Ac. acetat-em tuss-im nuc-em Ab. acetat-e tuss-i Plural nuc-e N.V. acetat-es tuss-es nuc-es G. acetat-um tuss-ium riuc-um D. acetat-ibus tuss-ibus nuc-ibus Ac. acetat-es tuss-es nuc-es Ab. acetat-ibus tuss-ibus Singular auc-ibus N.V. gramma alcohol solutio G. grammat-is alcohol-is solution-is D. grammat-i alcohol-i solution-i Ac. gramma alcohol solution-em Ab. grammat-e alcohol-e (i) Plural solution-e N.V. grammat-a alcohol-ia solution-es G. grammat-um alcohol-ium solution-um D. grammat-ibus alcohol-ibus solution-ibus 127 128 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Ac. grammat-a alcohol-ia solution-es Ab. grammat-ibus alcohol-ibus Singular solution-ibus N.V. anthemis papaver semen G. anthemid-is papaver-is semin-is Ac. anthemid-i papaver-i semin-i Ac. anthemid-em papaver semen Ab. anthemid-e papaver-e (i) Plural semen-e N.V. anthemid-es papaver-a semin-a G. anthemid-um papaver-um semin-um D. anthemid-ibus papaver-ibus semin-ibus Ac. anthemid-es papaver-a semin-a Ab. anthemid-ibus papaver-ibus semin-ibus 193. Fourth Declension. Singular Plural N.V. spirit-us spirit-us G. spirit-US spirit-uum D. spirit-ui spirit-ibus Ac. spirit-um spirit-us Ab. spirit-u spirit-ibus 194. Fifth Declension. Singular Plural N.V. di-es di-es G. di-ei di-enim D. di-ei di-ebus Ac. di-em di-es Ab. di-e di-ebus APPENDIX 129 ADJECTIVES 195. First and Second Declensions. Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter N. bon-us bon-a bon-um G. bon-i bon-ae bon-i D. bon-o bon-se bon-o Aa bon-um bon-am bon-nm V. bon-e bon-a bon-iim Ab. bon-o bon-a Plural bon-o *N. bon-i bon-se bon-a G. bon-onun bon-arum bon-orum D. bon-is bon-is bon-is Ac. bon-os bon-as bon-a V. bon-i bon-ae bon-a Ab. bon-is bon-is bon-is ] [96. Tliird Declension. Adjectives of Two Terminations Singular Plural Mas. and Fern. Neuter Mas. and Fern. Neuter N.V. seqiial-is sequal-e aequal-es aequal-ia G. aequal-is asqual-is sequal-ium sequal-ium D. sequal-i sequal-i sequal-ibus sequal-ibus Ac. £equal-em sequal-e sequal-es sequal-ia Ab. sequal-i sequal-i sequal-ibus sequal-ibus 130 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Adjectives or One Teemination Singular Plural Mas. and Fern. N. V. potens G. potent-is D. potent-i Ac. potent-em Neuter potens potent-is potent-i potens Mas. and Fern, potent-es potent-ium potent-ibus potent-es Neuter potent-ia potent-ium potent-ibus potent-ia Ab. potent-i (e) potent-i (e) potent-ibus potent-ibus First TABLE OF CONJUGATION: ACTIVE VOICE Second Third " io " of Third Fourth agit- agit- 97. INDICATIVE MODE Present Tense 6 'e-6 i-6 i-6 a-s e-s i-s i-s i-s a-t e-t i-t i-t i-t misc- • mitt -■ cap- aud- a-mus e-mus i-mus i-mus i-mus a-tis e-tis i-tis i-tis i-tis a-nt e-nt u-nt iu-nt iu-nt Imperfect Tense a-ba-m e-ba-m e-ba-m a-ba-s e-ba-s e-ba-s a-ba-t misc- e-ba-t mitt- 6-ba-t a-ba-mus e-ba-mus e-ba-mus a-ba-tis e-ba-tis e-ba-tis a-ba-nt e-ba-nt S-ba-nt rie-b a-m ie-ba-m ie-b a-s ie-ba-s ie-b a-t ie-ba-t cap- ' aud- ie-b a-mus ie-ba-mus ie-b a-tis ie-ba-tis ie-b a-nt ie-ba-nt APPENDIX 131 Future Tense 'a-bo e-bo 'am ia-m ia-m a-bis e-bi-s e-s ie-5 ie-s a-bi-t e-bi-t e-t ie-t ie-t agit- misc- ' mitt- cap- aud- a-bi-mus e-bi-mus e-mus ie-mus ie-mus a-bi-tis e-bi-tis e-tis ie-tis ie-tis a-bu-nt e-bu-nt e-nt ie-nt ie-nt Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense 'i era-m er-6 agitav- isti agitav- era-s agitav- eri-s miscu- it miscu- era-t miscu- eri-t mis- mis- I mis- ' cep- imus cep- era-mus cep- eri-mus audiv- istis audiv- era-tis audiv- eri-tis erunt era-nt eri-nt 198. *e"-{Li •te ausc- IMPERATIVE MODE Present Tense < ? . mitt- < . . cap- \ . . le-te li-te " U-te aud' "ii-te agit- . Future Tense 'a-to e-to i-to 'i-to i-ta a-to 6-t6 i-to i-t6 i-to misc- ' mitt- cap- • aud- < a-to-te e-to-te i-to-te i-to-te i-to-te a-nt-6 e-nt-6 u-nt-o i-un-to i-un-to 199. agit- - SUBJUNCTIVE MODE Present Tense e-m ea-m a-m la-m la-m e-s ea-s a-s ia-s ia-s e-t ea-t a-t ia-t ia-t misc- mitt-' cap- aud- e-mus ea-mws a-mus ia-mus ia-mus e-tis ea-tis a-tis ia-tis ia-tis e-nt ea-nt a-nt i ia-nt I ia-nt 132 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN agit- a-re-m a-re-s a-re-t misc- a-re-mus a-re-tis a-re-nt Imperfect Tense §-re-in e-re-m e-re-m i-re-m e-re-s e-re-s e-re-s i-re-s e-re-t e-re-t e-re-t ' i-re-t mitt- cap-' aud- e-re-mus e-re-mus e-re-mus i-re-mus» e-re-tls e-re-tis e-re-tis i-re-tis e-re-nt e-re-nt e-re-nt i-re-nt Perfect Tense r eri-m Pluperfect Tense agitav- miscu- mis- cep- audiv- en-s eri-t eri-mus eri-tis eri-nt isse-m agitav- isse-s miscu- isse-t mis- cep isse-mus au(Uv- isse-tis isse-nt Pres. agit-are Perf. agitav-isse Fut. agit-urus esse Pres. cap-ere Perf. cep-isse Infinitive misc-ere miscu-isse miz-turus esse aud-ire audlT-isse mitt-ere mis-isse mis-turus esse Fut. cap-turus esse audi-turus esse Participle Pres. agit-ans misc-ens mitt-ens cap-iens aud-iens Fut. agi-turus miz-turus mis-turus cap-turus audi-turu> G. D. Ac. Ab. agit- andi andd misc- andimi andd endi ends Gerund 'endi endo mitt- endum endo cap- endum endo iendi iendo aud- • iendum iendo 'iendi iendo iendum iendo Former, agita-tum Latter, agita-tu mix-turn miz-tu Supine mis-tum mis-tu cap-turn cap-tu audi-tum au(U-tfi APPENDIX 133 TABLE OF CONJUGATION: PASSIVE VOICE 200. INDICATIVE MODE agit- < agit- agit- Present Tense o-r e-o-r o-r • i-o-r i-o-r a-ris (re) e-ris (re) ie-ris (re) e-ris (re) i-ris (re) a-tur e-tur i-tur i-tur i-tur misc- mitt- cap- aud- a-mur e-mur i-inur i-mur i-mur a-mini e-mitii i-tnini i-mini i-mini a-ntur . e-ntur u-ntur iu-ntur iu-ntur Imperfect Tense ■a-ba-r e-ba-r e-ba-r a-ba-ris (re) e-ba-ris (re) e-ba-ris (re) a-ba-tur misc- e-ba-tur mitt- eb-a-tur a-ba-mur e-ba-mur e-ba-mur a-ba-mini e-ba-mini e-ba-mini a-ba-ntur e-ba-ntur e-ba-ntur ■ie- ba-r ie-ba-r ie- ba-ris (re) ie-ba-ris (re) ie- ba-tur ie-ba-tur cap- aud-' ie- ba-mur ie-ba-mxir ie- ba-inini ie-ba-mini ie- ba-ntur ie-ba-ntur Future Tense a-bo-r f e-bo-r a-r a-be-ris (re) e-be-ris (re) e-ris (re) a-bi-tur e-bi-ttir e-tur mlsc- mitt- a-bi-mur e-bi-mur e-mur a-bi-mini e-bi-mini e-mini I a-bu-nttir e-bu-ntur e-ntur 'ia- r ia-r ie- ris (re) ie-ris (re) ie- tur ie-tur cap- aud- ie-mur ie-mur ie-miiu ie-mini ie- atur I ie-ntur 134 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN Perfect Tense Pluperfect Future Perpect Tense Tense agitat f ■> sum eram ero mixt- us, a-um, es eras ens mitt- est erat erit capt- sumus eramus erimus audit- i, SB, a estis eratis eritis sunt erant erunt 201. (■a-re agit- \ misc- l a-mim IMPERATIVE MODE Present Tense §-re mitt- , g-inini e-re cap- e-re aud- ^i-re i-mini i-mini i-mini Future Tense agit- a-tor a-tor a-ntor e-tor e-tor e-ntor mitt- i-tor i-tor u-ntor cap- ■ i-tor i-tor iu-ntor aud- i-tor i-tor iu-ntoi 202. SUBJUNCTIVE MODE Present Tense agit- e-r ea-r a-r e-ris (re) ea-ris (re) a-ris (re) e-tur misc- ea-tur mitt- a-tur e-mur ea-mur a-mur e-mini ea-mini a-mini e-ntur ea-ntur a-ntur ia-r ia-r ia-ris (re) ia-ris (re) ia-tur ia-tur cap-' aud- ia-mur ia-mur ia-mini ia-mini ia-ntur ia-ntur APPENDIX 135 Imperfect Tense a-re-r f e-re-r e-re-r a-re-ris (re) e-re-ris (re) e-re-ris (re) a-re-tur e-re-tur e-re-tur agit- misc- mitt- a-re-mur e-re-miff e-re-mur a-re-mini e-rg-mini e-re-mini a-re-ntur e-re-ntur e-re-ntur e-re-r i-re-r e-re-ris (re) i-re-ris (re) e-re-tur i-re-tur cap- e-re-mur e-re-mini e-re-ntur aud- i-r§-miu- i-re-mini i-re-ntur Peefect Tense Pluperfect Tense agitat- mixt- mitt- capt- audit- us, a, um, i, ae, a, sim sis sit simus sitis sint essem esses esset essemus essStis essent I NFINITIVE Pres. agit-ari misc-eri mitt-I Perf. agitat-us esse mixt-us esse mitt-US esse Fut. agitat-um iri Pres. cap-I Perf. capt-us esse Fut. capt-um iri P mixt-um AKTICIPLE iri mitt-umiri aud-iri audit-US esse audit-um iri Perf. agitat-us mixt -us mitt-us Gerun dive, agit-andus misc -endus mitt-endus Perf. capt-us audit-us Gerunc live, cap-iendi IS aud-iendus IRREGULAR VERBS sum, esse, fui — To be. 136 LESSONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LATIN 203. INDICATIVE MODE Pres. Imp. FUT. Perf. Pluper. FuT. Per sum eram ero fui- fueram fuero es eras eris fuisti fueras fueris est erat erit fuit fuerat fuerit sumus eramus erimus fuimus fueramus fuerimus estis eratis eritis fuistis fueratis fuentis sunt erant erunt fuerunt (-re) fuerant fuerint 204. SUBJUNCTIVE MODE Pres Imp. Perf. Pluper. sim essem fuerim fuissem sis esses fueris fuisses sit esset fuerit fuisset sunus essemus sitis essetis sint essent 205 Present IMPERATIVE MODE es fuerimus fuissemus fueritis fuissetis fuerint fuissent INFINITIVE Present esse Future este esto esto estote sunto Perfect Future fuisse futurus esse FuT. Part, futurus, a, um The regular verb facio, facere, feci, factum, "to make" has the fol- lowing-irregular Passive: Fio, fieri, factus sum, to become, to be made. 206. INDICATIVE MODE flo, fimus Pres. fis, fitis fit, fiunt Imp. fiebam, etc. Future. fiam, etc. Perf. factus sum, etc. Plu. factus eram, etc Fut. Perf. factus ero, etc. 207- APPENDIX SUBJUNCTIVE MODE fiam, fiamus Pres. fias, fiatis fiat, fiant Perf. fierem, etc. Plup. factus sim, etc. Fut. : Perf. factus, essem, etc. INFINITIVE Pres. fieri Perf. factus esse Fut. factum iri 137 PARTICIPLE Perf. factus Geirundive. faciendus. VOCABULARIES The gender of nouns is indicated by the letters m. for mas- culine, f . for feminine, and n. for neuter. The declension to which nouns and adjectives belong is shown by numerals placed after the abbreviation for gender. If a word belongs to the first or the second declension, no numeral is used, it being understood that those whose Nominative singular ends in a are of the first declension, and those in us or um are of the second declension. Both vocabularies contain words not found in the lesson vocabularies and are to be used for reference when necessary. 139 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY A, ab, prep, with . ab., by; from. abdomen, inis, n., 3d, abdomen. ablutio, onis, £., 3d, a washing; cleansing. absens, entis, adj., 3d, absent. absinthium, i, n., wormwood. absolutus, a, um, adj., absolute. absorbens, entis, adj., 3d, absorb- ent. abstractum, i, n., abstract. ac, conj., and. acacia, ae, f., acacia; gum arabic. accurate, adv., accurately. acerbitas, atis, f., 3d, sourness; acidity. acerbus, a, xan, adj., sour. acetas, tatis, m., 3d, acetate. acetanilidum, i, n., acetanilid. aceticus, a, um, adj., acetic. acetonum, i, n., acetone, acetphenetidintun, i, n., acetphene- tidin; phenacetin. acetum, i, n., vinegar. aciditas, atis, f., 3d, acidity. acidimi, i, n., acid. acidus, a, um, adj., acid. aconitina, ae, f., aconitine. aconitiun, i, n., aconite, acuminatus, a, um, adj., pointed, acutifolia, with pointed leaves. ad, prep, with ace, to; up to. adde, v. imper.. You add. addo, ere, didi, ditus, 3d, add. adeps, ipis, m., 3d, lard; fat. adeps anserinus, goose grease. adeps ovillus (sevum), suet. adeps suillus, hog lard. adhaesivus, a, lun, adj., adhesive. adhibendus, a, um, gerund., to be applied. adhuc, adv., while; as yet. adjicio, ere, jeci, jectus, 3d, to pour in. adjuvans, antis, adj., 3d, helping; assisting. ad libitum, as much as one pleases. admoveo, ere, movi, motus, zd^ to apply. adstans, antis, adj., 3d, present. adstringens, entis, adj., 3d, astrin- gent. seger, gri, m., sick man. seger, gra, grum, adj., sick. segrota, se, f., sick woman. aegrotus, i, m., sick man. segrotus, a, um, adj., sick. aequalis, e, adj., 3d, equal. aer, aeris, m., 3d, the air. setas, atis, f., 3d, age. aether, eris, m., 3d, ether. aethyl, aethylis, n., 3d, ethyl. afiectus, a, imi, adj., aSected. agar-agar (indeclin.), agar-agar. agaricus, i, m., mushroom. agita, v., imper., You shake. agitando, gerundive, by shaking. agito, are, avi, atus, ist, shake. albumen, inis, n., 3d, albumen. albus, a, um, adj., white. alcohol, oils, n., 3d (or indeclin.), alcohol. alcoholicus, a, tun, adj., alcoholic. aldehydtmi, i, n., aldehyde. alga, ae, f., a sea weed. aliquot, indef. num., some; a few. alkaliilus, a, um, adj., alkaline. allevo, are, avi, atus, ist, relieve. allium, i, n., garlic. alnus, i, f., the alder. aloe, es, f. (ist decl.), aloes. 140 VOCABULARIES 141 aloinum, i, n., aloin. altemus, a, um, adj., alternate. althaea, ae, £., althaea; marshmallow. alumen, inis, n., 3d, alum. aluminium, i, n. (old form), alu- minum. aluminum, i, u., aluminum. aluta, se, f., leather. alvus, i, f., abdomen; belly. alvo adstricta, constipation. amarus, a, um, adj., bitter. Americanus, a, um, adj., American. ammonia, ae, f., ammonia. ammomacum, i, n., ammoniac. ammoniatus, a, um, adj., ammoni- ated. ammonium, i, n., ammonium. amphora, ae, f., a jar. amplus, a, um, adj., large; ample. ampulla, ae, f., ampule; small bottle. amygdala, ae, f., almond. amylaceus, a, um, adj., of starch. amyl, amylis, n. 3d, amyl. amylum, i, n., starch. ana, Gk. (indeclin.), of each. angina, as, f., sore throat; quinsy. Anglicus, a, um, adj., English. angustifolium, narrow-leaved. anilina, ae, f., aniline. animal, is, n. 3d, an animal. animalis, e, adj., 3d, animal. animus, i, m., life; breath. anisum, i, n., anise, anserinus, a, um, adj., of a goose. ante, prep, with ace, before. anthehninticus, a, um, adj., against worms. anthemis, idis, f., 3d, anthemis; Roman chamomile. anti, prep, with ace, against. antidiphthericus, a, um, adj., anti- diphtheric. nntidntiim, i, n., antidote. antimonium, i, n., antimony. antipyrina, ae, f., antipyrine. antisepticus, a, um, adj., antiseptic. aperiens, entis, adj., 3d, aperient; laxative. apertus, a, um, adj., opened, un- covered. apomorphina, ae, f., apomorphine. applico, are, avi, atus, ist, apply. applicandus, a, um, to be applied. aqua, ae, f., water. aqua aerata, carbonated water. aquosus, a, tmi, adj., watery. Arabicus, a, um, adj., Arabic. arena, ae, f., sand. argenteus, a, um, adj., silvery. argentum, i, n., silver. argilla, ae, f., clay. aristol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), aristol. aristolochia, ae, f., birth- wort. arnica, ae, f., arnica. aromaticus, a, tmi, adj., aromatic. aromatisatus, a,imi adj.,aromatized. ars, artis, f., 3d, art. arsenas, atis, m., 3d, arsenate. arsenicum, i, n., arsenic. arsenis, itis, m., 3d, arsenite. orsenosus, a, um, adj., arsenous. arsenous, a, imi, adj., arsenous. arsemun, i, n., arsenic. articulus, i, m., joint. asafcetida, ae, f., asafetida. asellus, i, m., the cod. asepticus, a, um, adj., aseptic. aspidium, i, n., aspidium; male fern. aspirinum, i, n., aspirin. ater, atra, atrum, adj., coal-black. atropina, ae, f., atropine. atropurpureus, a, um, adj., dark purple. audio, ire, ivi, itus, 4th, to hear. aurantium, i, n., orange. 142 VOCABULARIES aureus, a, um, adj., golden. auris, is, f., ear. aurum, i, n., gold. aut, conj., or. autuninalis, e, adj., 3d, pertaining to autumn. azungia, se, f., lard. Bacca, se, f., berry. bacillum, i, n., a bougie. bacillus, i, m., bacillus (lit. a rod). balneum, i, n., bath. balneum arense, a sand bath. balsamum, i, n., balsam. barium, i, n., barium. basis, is, f., 3d, base. belladonna, se, f., belladonna. bene, adv., well. benzenum, i, n., benzene; benzol. benzinum, i, n., benzine; petroleum benzine. benzoas, atis, m., 3d, benzoate. benzoicus, a, um, adj., benzoic. benzoinatus, a, um, adj., benzoin- ated. benzoinum, i, n., benzoin. benzosulphinidum, i, n., saccharin. berberis, idis, f., 3d, barberry. bergamotta,- se, f., bergamot. betula, SB, f., sweet birch. bi-, prefix, two; twice. bibo, ere, bibi, bibitus, 3d, to drink. bicarbonas, atis, m., 3d, bicar- bonate. bin, prefix, two. bini, adj., two each. bis, adverb, twice. bis, prefix, two. bismuthum, i, n., bismuth. bisulphas, atis, m., 3d, bisulphate. bisulphis, itis, m., 3d, bisulphite. bitartras, atis, m., 3d, bitartrate. bolus, i, m., bolus; large pill. bonus, a, um, adj., good, boras, atis, m., 3d, borate, borax, acis, f., 3d, borax, boricus, a, um, adj., boric, boroglycerinum, i, n., boroglycerine. bos, bovis, m., 3d, an ox. bougia, se, f., bougie. bougium, i, n., bougie. brachium, i, n., arm. brevis, e, adj., 3d, short. Britannicus, a, tmi, adj., British, bromidum, i, n., bromide, bromum, i, n., bromine. brucina, se, f., brucine. buchu, indeclin., buchu. bulliat, let it boil. buUiens, entis, adj., 3d, boiling. ' bullio, ire, ivi, itus, 4th, to boil. Burgundicus, a, um, adj.. Burgundy, butyrtmi, i, n., butter, butyrum cacaonis, cocoa butter. Cacao, onis, m., 3d, cacao. cadmium, i, n., cadmium. cseruleus, a, um, adj., blue. cafieina, se, f., caffeine. cajuputi, indeclin., cajuput. calcium, i, n., calcium. calefacio, ere, feci, factus, 3d, to make warm. calefactus, a, um, adj., warmed. calendula, £e, f., marigold. calide, adv., quickly. calidus, a, um, adj., warm. Califomicus, a, um, adj., Califomian. calomelas, calomelanos, n., 3d, calomel. calor, oris, m., 3d, heat. calx, calcis, f., 3d, lime. camelinus, a, wn, adj., of a camel. camphora, se, f., camphor. camphoratus, a, um, adj., cam- phorated. VOCABULARIES 143 Canadensis, e, adj., 3d, Canadian, cannabis, is, f., 3d, cannabis; hemp, cantharidatus, a, mn, adj., canthar- idated. cantharis, idis, f.^ 3d, cantharides; Spanish fly. caoutchouc, indeclin., rubber. capillus, i, m., hair. capio, ere, cepi, captus, " io " of 3d, to take. capsictun, i, n., capsicum; Cayenne pepper. capsula, as, f., capsule. capsula amylacea, konseal; cachet. caput, itis, n., 3d, head. carbasus, i, m., gauze. carbo, onis, m., 3d, charcoal. carbolatus, a, um, adj., carbolated. carbolicus, a, um, adj., carbolic. carbonas, atis, m., 3d, carbonate. carboneum, i, n., carbon. carbonicus, a, um, adj., carbonic. carica, se, f., fig. caro, camis, f., 3d, flesh; beef. Carolinus, a, um, adj., Carlsbad. carpus, i, m., wrist. carum, i, n., caraway. caryophyllus, i, m., clove. cascara sagrada, f., ist, cascara sagrada; rhamnus purshiana. castanea, se, f., chestnut. cataplasma, atis, n., 3d, poultice. catechu, indeclin., catechu. catharticum, i, n., a cathartic. catharticus, a, um, adj., cathartic. caulis, is, m., 3d, a stem. causticus, a, um, adj., caustic. caute, adv., cautiously. celeriter, adv., quickly. centesimus, a, um, adj., one- hundredth. centigramma, atis, n., 3d, centi- gram. centimetrum, i, n., centimeter. centtun, num. adj., indeclin., one hundred. cephalalgia, ae, f., headache. cera, se, f., wax. ceralis, e, adj., 3d, cereal. cerasus, i, f., cherry. ceratum, i, n., cerate. ceratus, a, um, adj., waxed. cerium, i, n., cerium. cetaceum, i, n., spermaceti. cetraria, se, i., Iceland moss. chalybeatus, a, um, adj., pertaining to iron. charta, se, f., paper; powder. chartula, se, f., small paper; small powder. chemia, se, f., chemistry. chenopodium, i, n., American worm- seed. Chinensis, e, adj., 3d, Chinese. chininum, i, n. (old form), quinine. chirurgus, i, m., a surgeon. chloralum, i, n., chloral. chloras, atis, m., chlorate. chloratus, a, um, adj., chlorated; chlorinated. chloridum, i, n., chloride. chlorinatus, a, um, adj., chlorinated. chloroformum, i, n., chloroform. chlorum, i, n., chlorine. chocolata, se, f., chocolate. chondrus, i, m., chondrus; Irish moss. chromas, atis, m., 3d, chromate. chromium, i, n., chromium. chrysarobinum, i, n., chrysarobin. cibus, i, m., food. cinchona, se, f., cinchona; calisaya. cinchonidina, se, f., cinchonidine.- cinchonina, se, f., cinchonine. cinnamomum, i, n., cinnamon. cito, adv., quickly. 144 VOCABULARIES citras, atis, m., citrate. citratus, a, um, adj., citrated. citricus, a, um, adj., citric. citro-chloridum, i, n., citro-chloride. coca, ae, f., coca. cocaina, ae, f., cocaine. coccus, i, m., a berry. coccus, i, m., cocliineal. cochleare, is, n., 3d, spoonful. coctio, onis, f., 3d, boiling. codeina, ae, f., codeine. cogantur, let tliem be combined. colatus, a, um, adj., strained. colchicina, ae, f., colchicine. colchicum, i, n., colchicum. collodium, i, u., collodion. collum, i, n., the neck. collunarium, i, n., nasal douche. collutorium, i, u., mouth wash. collyrium, i, n., eye lotion. colo, are, avi, atus, ist, strain. colocynthis, idis, f., 3d, colocynth. color, oris, m., 3d, color. colore, are, avi, atus, ist, color. coloretur, v. (from colo), let it be colored. commode, adv., rightly; suitably. communis, e, adj., 3d, common. compositus, a, um, adj., compound. compressus, a, tun, adj., com- pressed. concentratus, a, um, adj., concen- trated. concido, ere, cidi, cisus, 3d, to cut to pieces. confectio, onis, £., 3d, confection. congius, i, m., gallon. conserva, ae, f., a conserve; a pre- serve. conspergo, ere, si, sus, 3d, sprinkle. continuo, are, avi, atus, ist, con- tinue. contra, prep, with ace, against. contundo, ere, tudi, tussus, 3d, pound, crush, contuso, are, avi, atus, ist, bruise, contusus, a, um, adj., bruised, crushed. convallaria, ae, f., lily of the valley, convolutus, a, um, adj., rolled up. copia, ae, f., plenty, coquetiu', v. (from coquo), let it be boiled, coquo, ere, cozi, coctus, 3d, to boil or cook. cor, cordis, n., 3d, heart. cormus, i, m., corm. corpus, oris, n., 3d, body, corrosivus, a, um, adj., corrosive. cortex, icis, f., 3d, rind; bark. coxa, ae, f., the hip. eras, adv. (or indeclin. noun), to-morrow. eras mane, to-morrow morning, eras nocte, to-morrow night, creosol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), creosol. creosotum, i, n., creosote. cresol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), cresol. creta, ae, f., chalk. cribum, i, n., sieve. crispus, a, um, adj., curled, crocus, i, m., saffron. crudus, a, lun, adj., crude; unre- fined, crus, cruris, n., 3d, leg. crystalUnus, a, lun, adj., crystalline. cubeba, ae, f., cubeb. cubicus, a, um, adj., cubic. cucumis, eris, m., 3d, cucumber. cui (from qui), to whom, cujus (from qui), of which, cum, prep, with ab., with. cuprtmi, i, n., copper. I cusso, indeclin., cusso; kousso. VOCABULARIES 145 cutis, is, {., skin. cyanidum, i, n., cyanide, cyathus, i, m., wineglass. cydonium, i, n., quince seed. Da, v., imper. (from do), You give. decandrus, a, um, adj., having lo stamens. decern, num., adj., indeclin., ten. decigramina, atis, n., 3d, decigram. decimus, a, um, num. adj., tenth. decoctum, i, n., decoction. decoloratus, a, um, adj., decolorized. decoque, v., imp.. You boil down. decubitus, a, um (from decumbo), going to bed. defsecatus, a, um, adj., refined. deglutio, ire, — , — , 4th, to swallow. deicio, ere, deici, deictus, 3d, to throw up. dein, deinde, adv., then. deliquescens, entis, adj., 3d, deli- quescent. delphinium, i, n., larkspur. demulcens, entis, adj., 3d, demul- cent; softening. denique, adv., at last. dens, dentis, m., 3d, tooth. dentur, v. (from do), let them be given. deodoratus, a, um, adj., deodorized. depuratus, a, um, adj., clarified. despumatus, a, tmi, adj., clarified. destillatus, a, um, adj., distilled. destillo, are, avi, atus, ist, to distill. detannatus, a, um, adj., detannated. detergens, entis, adj., 3d, cleansing; detergent. detur, V. (from do), let it be given. dexter, dextra, dextrum, adj., right. di, dis, prefix, twice; two. diachylon, indeclin., diachylon. dichromas, atis, m., 3d, dichromate. dico, ere, dixi, dictus, 3d, to say; to tell. , dictum, V. (from dico), told. dies, ei, £., 5th, day. digitalinum, i, n., digitalin. digitalis, is, f., 3d, digitalis; fox- glove. digitus, i, m., finger. diluculuo, at daybreak. dilutus, a, um, adj., diluted. dimidium, i, n., one-half. dimidius, a, um, adj., one-half. dioxidum, i, n., dioxide. directio, onis, f., 3d, a direction. dispensatorium, i, n., dispensatory. dispenso, are, avi, atus, ist, dis- pense. disulphidum, i, n., disulphide. diureticus, a, um, adj., diuretic. dividatur, v. (from divido), let it be divided. divido, ere, visi, visus, 3d, divide. do, dare, dedi, datus, ist, give. dolens, entis, adj., 3d, painful. dolor, oris, m., 3d, pain. domesticus, a, um, adj., domestic. donee, conj., until. dorsum, i, n., back. dosis, is, f., 3d, dose. drachma, ae, f., drachm. draco, onis, m., 3d, dragon. ducenti, ae, a, num. adj., two hun- dred. dulcedo, inis, f., 3d, agreeableness. dulcis, e, adj., 3d, sweet. duo, ae, o, num. adj., two. duodecim, num. adj., twelve. duplex, icis, adj., 3d, double. durans, antis, adj., 3d, during. durus, a, wn, adj., hard. E, ex, prep, with ab., out of; from; in. 146 VOCABULARIES eadem (fern, idem), pronoun, the same. edens, entis, 3d, eating. eServescens, entis, adj., 3d, efEer- vescing. ejusdem (gen. sing, idem), of the the same. elastica, ae, f., India rubber. elaterinum, i, n., elaterin. electuaritmi, i, n., an electuary. elixir, iris, n., 3d (orindeclin.), elixir. embrocatio, onis, f., 3d, embroca- tion. emeticus, a, um, adj., emetic. emetina, ae, f., emetine. emolliens,. entis, adj., 3d, softening; emollient. emplastrum, i, n., a plaster. emplastrum vesicatorium, a blister- ing plaster. emtdsio, onis, f., 3d, emulsion. emulsum, i, n., emulsion. epistomium, i, n., a bung; a stopper. epitonium, i, n., a bung; a stopper. enema, atis, n., 3d, enema; injec- tion. ergota, ae, f., ergot. eriodictyon, i, n., 2d, eriodictyon; yerba santa. erythroxylon, i, n., 2d, erythroxylon; coca. essentia, ae, f., essence. est, v., (he, she, it) is. et, conj., and. etiam, conj., also. eucalyptol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), eucalyptol. eucalyptus, i, f., 2d, eucalyptus. eugenol, olis, n., 3d, eugenol. euphrasia, ae, f., euphrasia. ex, prep, with ab., out of; from; in. ezcelsus, a, um, adj., tall. ezcipiens, entis, n., 3d, excipient. ezpers, ertis, adj., 3d, without, expressus, a, um, adj., expressed, exsiccatus, a, um, adj., exsiccated. ex tempore, on the moment, extende, imper.. You spread, extendo, ere, di, sus, 3d, extend; spread; apply, externus, a, um, adj., external. extractum, i, n., extract. Fac, v., imper. (facio). You make. ' facere, inf. (facio), to make. facies, ei, f., sth, face. facile, adv., easily. facio, ere, feci, factus, " io," 3d, make. factitius, a, tun, adj., artificial; manufactured. farina, ae, f., flour; meal. fascia, ae, f., band; bandage. fauces, ium (plu.), f., 3d, pharynx, throat. febrilis, e, adj., 3d, febrile, feverish. febris, is, f., 3d, fever. fel, fellis, n., 3d, bile; gall. femigineus, a, um, adj., dusky. ferrum, i, n., iron, fervens, entis, adj., 3d, hot. fiat, v., subj. (from fio), let (it) be made, fiant, v., subj. (from fio), let (them) be made. fictilis, e, adj., earthen; of clay, ficus, i, f., fig. filix, icis, f., 3d, fern. filtro, are, avi, atus, ist, filter. filtrum, i, n., filter. finis, is, f., 3d, end. fistula, 86, f., tube, flavus, a, um, adj., yellow. flexilis, e, adj., 3d, flexible. flos, floris, m., 3d, a flower. fluidextractum, i, n., fluidextract. VOCABULAEIES ' 147 fluidrachma, se, £., fluid drachm. iluiduncia, as, f., fluid ounce. fluidus, a, um, adj., fluid. foeniculum, i, n., fennel. foetidus, a, um, adj., stinking. folium, i, n., leaf. fom.enttmi, i, n., a fomentation. fons, fontis, m., 3d, spring, foun- tain. fontanus, a, um, adj., pertaining to a spring. fonno, are, avi, atus, ist, form. formula, se, f., formula. fortis, e, adj., 3d, strong. fractura, se, f., fracture. fractus, a, um, adj., broken. fragrans, ntis, adj., 3d, fragrant. frangula, se, f., frangula; buck- thorn. fricettiT, v., let it be rubbed. frigidus, a, um, adj., cold. frigor, oris, m., 3d, cold. frigus, oris, n., 3d, cold; chill. fructus, us, m., 4th, fruit. frumenttmi, i, n., grain. frustillatim, adv., in small bits. fulvus, a, um, adj., reddish yellow. fumans, antis, adj., 3d, fuming. fundo, ere, fudi, fusus, 3d, to pour out. fuscus, a, um, adj., brown. fusus, a, um, adj., fused. Gadus, i, m. (gadus morrhua), the cod. galla, se, f., nutgall. Gallicus, a, um, adj., Gallic; French. gambir, indeclin., gambir. gargarisma, atis, n., 3d, gargle. gaultheria, se, f., gaultheria; win- tergreen. gelatinum, "i, n., gelatine. gelatinus, a, tun, adj., of gelatine, gentiana, se, f., gentian, genus, generis, n., 3d, kind; genus. Germanicus, a, um, adj., German. glaber, bra, brum, adj., smooth, glacies, ei, f., sth, ice. glandula, se, f., gland. glandulifera, bearing glands, gluten, inis, n., 3d., gluten, glycerinatus, a, xmi, adj., glycerin- ated. glycerinum, i, n., glycerine, glyceritum, i, n., glycerite. glyceryl, glycerylis, n., 3d, glyceryl, glycyrrhiza, se, f., licorice. glycyrrhizinum, i, n., glycyrrhizin. gossypium, i, n., cotton, gradatim, adv., gradually. gramen, inis, n., 3d, grass, gramma, atis, n., 3d, gram. granulatus, a, um, adj., granulated. granultun, i, n., a granule, granum, i, n., grain. gratus, a, um, adj., pleasing, gravis, e, adj., 3d, heavy; severe, grossus, a, um, adj., coarse, large. guaiacol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), guaiacol. guaiacum, i, n., guaiac. gummi, indeclin., gum. gtunmifer, gum bearing. gustus, us, m., 4th, taste, gutta, ffi, f., drop, guttatim, adv., drop by drop. Habeo, ere, ui, itus, zd, have; keep. habet, v., he (she, it) has. habent, v., they have, hsematoxylon, i, n., 2d, haematoxy- lon; logwood. hamamelis, idis, f., 3d, hamamelis; \ witch hazel. hanun, of these. 148 VOCABULAKIES haurio, ire, hausi, haustum, 4th, to drink. haustus, us, m., 4tli, draught. hebdomada, ae, £., week. hedeoma, ae, £., pennyroyal. hepar, hepatis, n., 3d, liver. hepta, prefix, seven. herba, ae, £., herb. herbaceus, a, tun, adj., herbaceous. heri, adv., yesterday. heza, prefix, six. hie, haec, hoc, adj., this. hirsutus, a, um, adj., bristly. hirudo, inis, f., 3d, leech. homatropina, ae, f., homatropine. hora, £6, f., hour. hordeum, i, n., barley. humescens, tis, 3d, deliquescent. humulus, i, m., hops. hydrargyrum, i, n., mercury, quick- silver. hydras, atis, m., 3d, hydrate. hydrastina, ae, f., hydrastine. hydrastis, is, £., 3d, hydrastis; gold- en seal. hydratus, a, um, adj., hydrated. hydriodicus, a, um, adj., hydriodic. hydrobromicus, a, um, adj., hy- drobromic. hydrobromidum, i, n., hydrobromide. hydrochloricus, a, um, adj., hydro- chloric. hydrocyanicus, a, um, adj., hydro- cyanic. hydrogenium, i, n., hydrogen. hydrosus, a, um, adj., hydrous. hydrozidum, i, n., hydroxide. hyoscina, ae, £., hyoscine. hyoscyamina, ae, f., hyoscyamine. hyoscyamus, i, m., hyoscyamus; henbane. hypo, prefix, below; under. hypochloris, itis, m.,3d, hypochlorite. hypodermicus, a, um, adj., hypo- dermic. hypophosphis, itis, m., 3d, hypo- phosphite. Ichthyol, oUs, n., 3d (or indeclin.), ichthyol. ichthyolum, i, n., ichthyol. idem, eadem, idem, pronoun, the same. (^ . , identidem, adv., repeatedly. ignis, is, m., 3d, fire. illico, adv., immediately. impurus, a, um, adj., impure. in, prep, with abL, meaning "place where," in. in, prep, with ace. (motion im- plied), in. incisus, a, um, adj., cut. Indicus, a um, adj., Indian. infectoiius, a, tun, adj., tainted. inflammatio, onis, f., 3d, inflamma- tion. infra, prep, with ace, beneath, later. infundo, fundere, fudi, fusus, 3d, pour into. infusiun, i, n., infusion. ingere, ingerendus, to put into; put- ting into. inhalatio, onis, f., 3d, inhalation. injectio, onis, £., 3d, injection. insero, ere, ui, sertus, 3d, to insert; to introduce. instanter, adv., instantly. instillo, are, avi, atus, ist, instill; drop into. integer, gra, grum, adj., whole. inter, prep, (with ace), between. intime, adv., intimately. inunctio, onis, f., 3d, inunction. involve, ere, vi, volutus, 3d, coat. iodatus, a, um, adj., iodized. iodidum, i, n., iodide. VOCABULARIES 149 iodoformum, i, n., iodoform. iodum, i, n., iodine. ipecacuanha, ae, f., ipecac, iris, iridis, f., 3d, iris. Italicus, a, um, adj., Italian. , iteretur, let it be repeated. Jaborandi, indeclin., jaborandi. jalapa, se, i., jalap, jam, adv., now. Jamaicensis, e, adj., 3d, Jamaican. jecur, oris, n., 3d, liver, jentaculum, i, n., breakfast. jucunde, adv., pleasantly. juglans, andis, f., ^d, butternut. julepum, i, n., a julep, juniperus, i, f., 2d, juniper. juscellum, i, n., a broth. jusculiun, i, n., soup; broth. juxta, prep, (with ace), next to. Kalium, i, n., potassium. kaolinum, i, n., kaolin. keratinum, i, n., keratin. kilogranuna, atis, n., 3d, kilogram. kino, indeclin., kino. Eiissingensis, e, adj., 3d, Eissingen. Labium, i, n., lip. lac, lactis, n., 3d, milk. lachiyma, se, f. (lachrima), a tear. lactopeptinum, i, n., lactopeptin. lactucarium, i, n., lactucarium. laevo, adv., on the left. laevus, a, um, adj., left. lagena, ae, f., bottle. lamella, ae, f., scale; flake. lamina, ae, f., scale; flake. lana, ae, f., wool. languesco, ere, langui, — , 3d, to be faint. lapideus, a, um, adj., of stone. lappa, SB, f., burdock. lardum, i, n., lard. laridum, i, n., lard. Latine, adv., in Latin. latus, a, tun, adj., broad, latus, eris, n., 3d, side. laurocerasus, i, f., cherry laurel. lavandula, ae, f., lavender. lazans, antis, adj., 3d, laxative. la^ativus, a, um, adj., laxative. laxus, a, um, adj., loose; open. lenis, e, adj., 3d, gentle; light. leniter, adv., gently. levo, are, avi, atus, ist, to relieve. levis, e, adj., 3d, light. leviter, adv., lightly. lex, legis, f., 3d, law. libra, ae, f., a pound. lignum, i, n., wood. limon, onis, f., 3d, a lemon. lingua, ae', f., tongue. linimenttun, i, n., liniment. linteum, i, n., lint. liniun, i, n., flaxseed. liquefacio, ere, feci, f actus, 3d, to liquefy. liquef actus, a, um, adj., liquefied. liquidum, i, n., a liquid. liquidus, a, um, adj., liquid. liquor, oris, m., 3d, liquor, solution, lithium, i, n., lithium, litrum, i, u., liter, longus, a, tun, adj., long. lotio, onis, f., 3d, lotion. lotus, a, um, adj., washed, luteus, a, um, adj., golden yellow, lux, lucis, f., 3d, light. lycopodium, i, n., lycopodium, Macera, v., imper., You macerate, macero, are, avi, atus, ist, to macerate. macis, macidis, f., 3d, mace, macula, ae, f., spot. 150 VOCABULARIES maculatus, a, um, adj., spotted. madidus, a, um, adj., wet. magma, atis, n., 3d, magma. magnesiimi, i, n., magnesium. major, oris, adj., 3d (comp. o£ magnus), larger. maltum, i, n., malt. malum, i, n., apple. mane, indeclin., morning. manipulus, i, m., a handful. manganum, i, n., manganese. mamma, se, f., breast. manus, us, m., 4th, hand. mare, is, n., 3d, the sea. maritimus, a, um, adj., marine. mamibium, i, n., hoarhound. mas, maris, m., 3d, male. massa, se, f., mass. mastiche, es, f..(ist declen.), mastic. materia, se, f., material. matico, indeclin., matico. matricaria, ae, f., matricaria; Ger- man chamomile. matutinus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the morning. maximus, a, um, adj. (super, of magnus), largest. medicamentarius, i, m., druggist. medicamenttmi, i, n., drug. medicatus, a, um, adj., medicated medicina, ae, f., medicine. medicus, i, m., physician. medius, a, um, adj., middle. medulla, ae, f., pith; marrow. mel, mellis, n., 3d, honey. melior, ius, adj. (comp. of bonus), better. mens, mentis, f., 3d, mind. menstruum, i, n., menstruum. mensura, ae, f., a measure. mentha, ae, f., mint. menthol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), menthol. meridies, ei, f., sth, noon. meta, prefix, beyond; altered. methyl, methylis, n., 3d, methyl. mica, ae, f., crumb. mica panis, bread crumb. mille (plu. millia), one thousand. milligramma, atis, n., 3d, milligram. millilitrum, i, n., milliliter. minor, us, adj. (comp. of parvus), smaller. TniniTniiiTij i, n., minim. minimus, a, um, adj., smallest, least. minutus, a, um, adj., minute; small. misce, v., imper.. You mix. miscent, v., they mix. misceo, ere, ui, mixtus, 2d, mix. miscet, v., he (she, it), mixes. mistura, ae, f., mixture. mitigatus, a, imi, adj., mitigated. mitis, e, adj., 3d, mild. mitte, v., imper., You send. mitto, ere, misi, missus, 3d, send. modicus, a, um, adj., moderate sized. modulus, i, m., mould. modus, i, m., manner. mollis, e, adj., 3d, soft. mon, mono, prefix, one; single. montanus, a, tmi, adj., mountainous. monobromatus, a, um, adj., mono- bromated. morbus, i, m., disease. more dicto, in manner directed. morphiua, ae, £., morphine. morrhua, ae, f., cod. mors, mortis, f., 3d, death. mortarium, i, n., mortar. mos, moris, m., 3d, manner; custom. mucilago, inis, f., 3d, mucilage. multus, a, vaa, adj., many; much. muriaticus, a, um, adj., muriatic; hydrochloric. musculus, i, m., muscle. VOCABULARIES 151 myrcia, ae, f., bay. myristica, se, f., nutmeg. myrrha, ae, f., myrrh. Naphthalentun, i, n., naphthalene. naphthol, oils, n. (or indeclin.), naphthol. naphtholum, i, n., naphthol. narcotma, se, i., narcotine. naris, is, f., nostril. nasus, i, m., nose. natrium, i, n., sodium. ne, adv., not. nebula, se, f., spray. nervus, i, m., nerve. niger, nigra, nigrum, adj., black. nisi, conj., unless. nitras, atis, m., 3d, nitrate. nitricus, a, um, adj., nitric. nitris, itis, m., 3d, nitrite. nitroglycerinimi, i, n., nitroglycer- ine. nitrohydrochloricus, a, um, adj., nitrohydrochloric. nitrosus, a, um, adj., nitrous. nivalis, e, adj., 3d, pertaining to snow. nobilis, e, adj., 3d, weU-known. nocte (ab. nox), at night. nomen, inis, n., 3d, name. non, adv., not. nonaginta, num, adj., ninety. nongenti, ae, a, num. adj., nine hun- dred. nonus, a, um, adj., ninth. novem, num. adj., nine. novus, a, um, adj., new. nox, noctis, f., 3d, night. numerus, i, m., a number. nummus, i, m., coin. nux, nucis, f., 3d, a nut. nux vomica, nucis vomicae, f., nux vomica. Obduce, obducatur, v., cover or coat; let be coated. obtwatus, a, um, adj., stoppered. octarius, i, m., a pint. octavus, a, um, adj., eighth. octi, prefix, eight. octingenti, ae, a, adj., eight hun- dred. octo, num. adj., eight. octoginta, num. adj., eighty. oculus, i, m., an eye. odontalgia, ae, f., toothache. odoratus, a, um, a;dj., fragrant. officialis, e, adj., 3d, official. officinalis, e, adj., 3d, pertaining to the store. oleas, atis, m., 3d, an oleate (salt of oleic acid). oleatum, i, n., an oleate (pharma- ceutical prep.). oleicus, a, um, adj., oleic. oleoresina, se, f., oleoresin. oleosaccharum, i, n., an oil-sugar. oleo-stearas, atis, m., 3d, oleo- stearate. oleosus, a, um, oily. oleum, i, n., an oil. oliva, ae, f., an olive. oUa, ae, f., a jar. omnia, omnium, 3d, plu., all. omnis, e, adj., 3d, every; all. opium, i, n., opium. ophthalmicus, a, imi, adj., pertain- ing to the eye. opticus, a, um, adj., optic. optimus, a, um, adj., the best. opus, eris, n., 3d, (or indeclin.), need; labor. omatus, a, um, adj., handsome. ortho, prefix, ordinary; usual. OS, oris, n., 3d, the mouth. OS, ossis, n., 3d, bone. OS sepiae, cuttlefish bone. 152 VOCABULARIES ovillus, a, um, adj., pertaining to sheep. ovis, ovis, f., 3d, sheep, ovum, i, n., egg. ozalas, atis, m., 3d, an oxalate, ozalicus, a, um, adj., oxalic. ozidum, i, n., an oxide. oxygenium, i, n., oxygen, oxymel, mellis, n., 3d, an oxymel; prep, of honey and vinegar. Pabulum, i, n., food. pallidus, a, um, adj., pale. paluster, tris, tre, adj., 3d, swampy. pancreatinum, i, n., pancreatin. panis, is, f., 3d, bread. pamius, i, m., cloth. papaver, eris, n., 3d, poppy. para, prefix, changed; beyond, paratus, a, um, adj., prepared, paro, are, avi, atus, ist, to prepare. pars, partis, f., 3d, part, partes (plu. pars), parts. partes sequales, equal parts. partitio, ouis, f., 3d, division, partitus, a, um, adj., divided, parvus, a, um, adj., small. pasta, ee, f., a paste. pastillus, i, m., a pastille. [few. paucus, a, um, adj., a little; plural, a. pauciflorus, with few flowers. paululus, a, imi, adj., a very little. paulatim, adv., little by little. pectus, oris, n., 3d, the chest, pediluvium, i, n., foot bath, pelleterina, ae, f., pelleterine. pencillum, i, n., pencil; small brush. pendens, entis, adj., 3d, weighing. pendo, ere, pependi, pensus, 3d, to weigh. penta, prefix, five; five times. pepo, onis, m., 3d, pumpkin seed. pepsinum, i, n., pepsin. per, prep, with ace, through. per, prefix, through; beyond; al- tered. percolatum, i, n., percolate. percolo, are, avi, atus, ist, to per- colate. percolum, i, n., a percolator. permanganas, atis, m., 3d, a per- manganate. peroxidum, i, n., peroxide. persio, onis, f., 3d, cudbear. pertussis, is, f., 3d, whooping cough. Peruvianus, a, um, adj., Peruvian. pes, pedis, m., 3d, foot. petrolattmi; i, n., petrolatum. phagedsenicus, a, um, adj., cancer- ous. pharmacopoeia, se, f., pharma- copoeia. phenacetinum, i, n., phenacetine. pharmaceuticus, a, um, adj., phar- maceutical. phenol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), phenol. phenyl, ylis, n., 3d, phenyl. phiala, ae, f., bottle; vial. phosphas, atis, m., 3d, phosphate. phosphis, itis, m., 3d, phosphite. phthisis, is, f., 3d, consumption. physostigma, atis, n., 3d, physostig- ma; Calabar bean. physostigmina, ae, f., physostig- mine. pilocaxpina, ae, f., pilocarpine. pilula, ae, f., a pill. pilus, i, m., hair. pimenta, ae, f., allspice. pinguis, e, adj., 3d, greasy. pinus, i, f., 2d, pine. piper, eris, n., 3d, pepper. piperazina, ae, f., piperazine. piperitus, a, um, adj., peppery; pepper. VOCABULARIES 153 pistilltun, i, n., a pestle. pix, picis, f., 3d, pitch. pix liquida, tar. placebo, I will please. plumbum, i, n., lead. pluvialis, e, adj., 3d, pertaining to rain. poculum, i, n., a cup. podophyllinum, i, n., podophyllin. podophyllum, i, n., podophyllum; mandrake. poly, prefix, many. pomatum, i, n., a pomade. pomatus, a, um, adj., pertaining to apples. ponderosus, a, tmi, adj., heavy. pone, v., imper.. You place. pono, ere, posui, positus, 3d, place; put. Portensis, e, adj., 3d, Port. post, prep, with ace, after. postridie, adv., on the next day. potassa, 3e, f., potassa; potassium hydroxide. potassiimi, i, n., potassium. potens, entis, adj., 3d, powerful. potenter, adv., powerfully. potio, onis, f., 3d, a potion; a drink. poto, are, avi, atus, ist, to drink. potus, us, m., 4th, a drink. prse, prep, with abl., before. prsecipitatus, a, xmi, adj., precipi- tated. praeparatio, onis, f., 3d, prepara- tion. preeparatus, a, um, adj., prepared. prfesciibo, ere, scripsi, scriptus, 3d, prescribe. praescriptum, i, n., prescription. prandium, i, n., dinner. primus, a, um, adj., first. prius, adv., before. pro, prep, with abl., for. pro ratione setatis, in proportion to age. proto, prefix, lower. prozimus, a, um, adj., the next. prunum, i, n., a prune. prunus, i, f., 2d, a plum tree. prunus viiginiana, f., wild cherry. pubescens, ntis, adj., 3d, downy. puella, 86, f., a girl. puer, eri, m., a boy. pulmo, onis, m., 3d, a lung. pulverizo, are, avi, atus, ist, pul- verize. pulvero, are, avi, atus, ist, powder. pulvis, eris, m., 3d, a powder. purgativus, a, van, adj., purging, cleansing. purificatus, a, um, adj., purified. purpureus, a, vtm, adj., purple. purus, a, um, adj., pure. pyro, prefix, changed by heat. pyrogallol, olis, n. 3d (or indedin.), pyrogallol. pyroxylinum, i, n., pyroxylin. pyxis, idis, f., 3d, a pill box. Quadra, prefix, four. quadraginta, num. adj., forty. quadrans, antis, m., 3d, a quarter; one-fourth part. quadringenti, se, a, num. adj., four hundred. quadriplex, icis, adj., 3d, quadruple. quam, adv., as much as. quam vis, as much as you wish. quantitas, atis, f., 3d, quantity. quantum, adv., as much as. quantum libet, as much as you wish. quantum placet, as much as you please. quantum satis, as much as is suffi- cient. 154 VOCABULARIES quantum sufSciat, as much as suffices. quantum sufficit, as much as suffices. quanttmi vis, as much as you wish. quantum Tolueris, as much as you wish. quaque (abl. of quisque), every. quartus, a, imi, num. adj., fourth. quarum (gen. plu. quae), of which. quassia, se, f., quassia. quater, adv., four times. quatuor, num. adj., four. quatuordecim, num. adj., fourteen. que, suffix or conj., and. quercus, us, f., 4th, oak. qui, qu£e, quod, pronoun, who, which, what. quillaja, se, f., quillaja; soap tree bark. quindecim, num. adj., fifteen. quingenti, se, a, num. adj., five hun- dred. quinidina, se, f., quinidine. quinina, ae, f., quinine. quinquaginta, num. adj., fifty, quinque, num. adj., five. quinque, quinqui, prefix, five. quintus, a, um, adj., fifth. quoque, adv., also. quotidie, adv., daily. Radix, icis, f., 3d, a root, rasus, a, um, adj., shaved; trimmed., ratio, onis, f., 3d, ratio; proportion. recens, entis, adj., 3d, recent; fresh. recipe, v., imper.. You take. recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 3d, to take. rectificatus, a, um, adj., rectified. rectum, i, n., rectum. reductus, a, um, adj., reduced, regius, a, um, adj., royal. reliquus, a, um, adj., the rest. remeditmi, i, n., a remedy. ren, renis, m., 3d, a kidney. renovetur, v., let it be renewed. renovo, are, avi, atus, ist, to renew. repens, ntis, adj., 3d, creeping. repeto, ere, ivi, itus, 3d, to repeat; to renew. res, rei, f., 5th, thing residuus, a, um, adj., remaining. resina, te, f., a resin. resorcinol, olis, u., 3d (or indeclin.), resorcin. resorcinum, i, n., resorcin. retineatur, v., let it be retained. rhamnus purshiana, rhamni pur- shianse, cascara sagrada. rheum, i, n., rhubarb. rhizoma, atis, n., 3d, rhizome. ricinus, i, m., castor plant. rigidus, a, um, adj., rigid, hard. rosa, ae, f., a rose. rosmarinus, i, m., rosemary. rubefaciens, entis, adj., 3d, rube- facient. rudicula, ae, f., a wooden spoon; a spatula. rudis, is, f., 3d, a rod. ruber, rubra, rubrum, adj., red. rumex, icis, f., 3d, yellow dock. Saccharatus, a, um, adj., sacc- harated. saccharinum, i, n., saccharin. saccharum, i, n., sugar, sspe, adv., often. Saigonicus, a, um, adj., Saigon. sal, sails, n. 3d, salt. salicinum, i, n., salicin. salicylas, atis, m., 3d, salicylate. salicylatus, a, um, adj., salicylated. salicylicus, a, um, adj., salicylic, salix, icis, f., 3d, willow. salol, oils, n., 3d (or indeclin.), salol.. VOCABULARIES 155 salvia, se, f,, sage. sanguinaria, as, f., sanguinaria; bloodroot. sanguinarina, ee, f., sanguinarine. sanguis, inis, m., 3d, blood. sano, are, avi, atus, ist, to cure. santoninum, i, n., santonin. sapo, onis, f., 3d, soap. saponarius, a, um, adj., soapy. saponatus, a, um, adj., saponated. sarsaparilla, ee, f., sarsaparilla. sassafras, indeclin., sassafras. satis, adv., enough. sativus, a, um, adj., cultivated satiu-atus, a, um, adj., saturated. scapula, ee, f., a shoulder blade. scatula, se, f., box. scilla, se, f., squill. scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptus, 3d, to write. scrupulus, i, m., scruple. secale, is, n., 3d, ergot. secundum, prep, with ace, accord- ing to. secundus, a, um, adj., second. sedecim, num. adj., sixteen. semel, adv., once. semen, inis, n., 3d, seed. semi, or sem, prefix, one-half. semis, issis, m., 3d, one-half. semihora, se, f., half an hour. semper, adv., always. semperviiens, ntis, adj., evergreen. senega, ae, f., senega. senna, a, f., senna. separo, are, avi, atus, ist, to divide. septem, num. adj., seven. septendecim, num. adj., seventeen. septi, prefix, seven. Septimus, a, um, adj., seventh. septingenti, m, a, adj., seven hun- dred. septuaginta, num. adj., seventy. sequens, ntis, adj., 3d, following. sericum, i, n., silk. serotinus, a, um, adj., late. serum, i, n., serum. sescenti, se, a, adj., six hundred. sesqui, prefix, one and one-half; ratio of two to three, sesuncia, a, f., an ounce and a half, seu, conj., or. sevum, i, n., suet. sex, num. adj., six. sexaginta, num. adj., sixty, sextus, a, um, adj., sixth. si, conj., if. siccatus, a, um, adj., dried, siccus, a, um, adj., dried; desiccated. signa, signetur, You write; let be written. signo, are, avi, atus, ist, write. similis, e, adj., 3d, like. simplex, icis, adj., 3d, simple, simul, adv., together; at once. sinapis, is, f., 3d, mustard. sine, prep, with abl., without. singularis, e, adj., 3d, each; alone, singularum, (gen. plu.), of each. sinister, tra, trum, adj., left. sit, V. (from sum), let it be. sitis, is, f., 3d, thirst. soda, ee, f., soda. sodio-benzoas, atis, m., 3d, sodio- benzoate. sodium, i, n., sodium. solidus, a, um, adj., solid, solitus, a, imi, adj., ordinary, solubilis, e, adj., 3d, soluble. solus, a, um, adj., alone, single. solutio, onis, f., 3d, a solution., solve, v., imper.. You dissolve. solvo, ere, Ivi, lutus, 3d, dissolve, somnifer, sleep producing, somnus, i, m., sleep. sopor, oris, m., 3d, sleep. 156 VOCABULARIES spatium, i, n., space, spatula, se, {., spatula; ladle. species, ei, f., 5th, species; mixture of herbs; a tea. spermaceti, indeclin., spermaceti. spiritus, us, m., 4th, spirit. spiritus Tini gallici, brandy. spiritus vini rectificatus, alcohol. spissus, a, um, adj., thick; not fluid. spongia, se, f., sponge, stannum, i, n., tin. statim, adv., immediately. Status, us, m., 4th, state. Stearas, atis, m., 3d, stearate. sterilis, e, adj., 3d, sterile. sterilisatus, a, um, adj., sterilized. stet, stent, v., (from sto), let stand. stibium, i, n., antimony, stilus, i, m., pencil. sto, stare, steti, stitus, ist, to stand. stomachus, i, m., stomach. stramonium, i, n., stramonium. strontium, i, n., strontium. strychnina, ae, f., strychnine. stypticus, a, um, adj., styptic. styrax, acis, f., 3d, styrax; storax. sub, prefix, below; under, suber, eris, n., 3d, a cork. suberatus, a, tun, adj., corked. subinde, adv., frequently. sublimatus, a, van, adj., sublimed. subtilis, e, adj., 3d, fine. succinum, i, n., amber, succus, i, m., juice, sudor, oris, m., 3d, sweat. stifficio, ere, feci, fectus, " io " of 3d, to be suflBcient. suillus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the hog. sulphas, atis, m., 3d, sulphate. sulphidum, i, n., sulphide. sulphis, itis, m., 3d, sulphite. sulphonethylmethanum, i, n., sul- phonethylmethane; trional. sulphonmethanum, i, n., sulphon- methane; sulphonal. stilphur, uris, n., 3d, sulphur. sulphuratus, a, um, adj., sulphur- ated. sulphuricus, a, um, adj., sulphuric. sulphurosus, a, um, adj., sulphur- ous. sum, esse, fui, v., to be. sumat, V. (from sumo), let him take. sumbtil, indeclin., sumbul. simiendus, a, um, v. (from sumo), to be taken. stmio, ere, simipsi, sumptus, 3d, take. sunt, v., they are. super, prefix, above. suppositorium, i, n., suppository. supra, prefix, above. suprarenalis, e, adj., 3d, suprarenal. sylvaticus, a, um, adj., of the forest. syrupus, i, m., syrup. syrupus fuscus, molasses. Tabella, as, f., a tablet. tabletta, se, L, a tablet. tabletta triturationis, a tablet trit- urate. talcum, i, n., talcum, talis, e, adj., 3d, such. tanacetum, i, n., tansy. tannas, atis, m., 3d, tannate. taimicus, a, um, adj., tannic, taraxacum, i, n., dandelion, tartras, atis, m., 3d, tartrate. tempus, oris, n., 3d, time. tenuis, e, adj., 3d, fine; dilute, tepidus, a, um, adj., tepid; warm, ter, adv., three times. ter, tri, prefix, three; three times. tere, v., imper., You rub; triturate. VOCABULARIES 157 terebenmn, i, n., terebene. terebinthina, se, f., turpentine, terpinum, i, n., terpin. terra, se, f., earth, tertius, a, um, adj., third, testa, se, f., shell. tetra, prefix, four; four times, thesepoculum, i, n., teacupful. thebaicus, a, um, adj., containing opium, theobroma, atis, n., 3d, cocoa. thio, prefix, containing sulphur. thiosulphas, atis, m., 3d, thiosul- phate. thymol, olis, n., 3d (or indeclin.), thymol. thyroideus, a, um, adj., thyroid, tiglimn, i, n., croton. tinctoreus, a, um, adj., dyeing. tinctura, ae, f., a tincture, tolutanus, a, um, adj., of tolu. tonicus, a, um, adj., tonic, totus, a, um, adj., whole. trado, ere, didi, ditus,v.,3d, deliver. tragacantfaa, x, I., tragacanth. trajicio, jicere, jeci, jectus, 3d, to force through. trecenti, se, a, adj., three hundred, tredecim, num. adj., thirteen. tres, num. adj., three. tri, tris, prefix, three; three times. triandrus, a, um, adj., having 3 stamens. triginta, num. adj., thirty. triozidimi, i, n., trioxide. triplex, icis, adj., 3d, triple. tritictun, i, n., triticum; couch-grass. trituratio, onis, f., 3d, a tritura- tion. trituro, are, avi, atus, ist, triturate. tritus, us, m., 4th, a trituration; rubbing. trochiscus, i, m., a troche. tuber, eris, n., 3d, a tuber, tussis, is, f., 3d, a cough. TJlmus, i, f., elm; slippery elm. ulna, se, f., the lower arm. ultime, adv., finally; at last, ultimus, a, um, adj., the last. tm; uni; prefix, one; single. uncia, se, f., an ounce. undecim, num. adj., eleven, unguentum, i, n., an ointment, unguilla, se, f., ointment box. unius (gen. sing, of unus), of one. tmus, a, um, num. adj., one. tirethra, se, f., urethra, urgens, entis, adj., 3d, urgent. urina, se, f., urine, urotropinum, i, n., urotropin. ustus, a, um, adj., burnt, usus, us, m., 4th, use. ut, conj. (with subj.), so that. utendus, v., to be used. Vagina, se, f., vagina. valeras, atis, m., 3d, a valerate. Valeriana, se, f., valerian. valerianas, atis, m., 3d, valerianate, vanilla, se, f., vanilla, vapor, oris, m., 3d, vapor; steam. vas, vasis, n., 3d, a vessel; a bottle, vaselinum, i, n., vaseline. ve, suflSx or conj., or. vehiculiun,' i, n., vehicle. vel, conj., or. venenosus, a, um, adj., poisonous, venenum, i, n., poison. veratrina, se, f., veratrine. vermifugus, i, m., vermifuge, verus, a, um, adj., true. vesicatorius, a, um, adj., blistering, vesper, eris, m., 3d, evening. vices, iimi (plu. vicis), times. vicesimus, a, um, adj., twentieth. 158 VOCABULARIES Vichyanus, a, um, adj., Vichy. vicis, is, f., 3d, turn; time. viginti, num. adj., twenty. vinosus, a, um, adj., vinous. vinum, i, n., wine. Virginianus, a, um, adj., Virginian. viridis, e, adj., 3d, green. vita, se, f., life. vitreus, a, um, adj., of glass. vitellus, i, m., yolk. vitrum, i, n., glass. volatilis, e, adj., 3d, volatile. vomitio, onis, f ., 3d, vomiting, vulgaris, e, adj., 3d, common, vulnus, eris, n., 3d, wound. Xanthozylum, 1, n., xanthoxylum. Xericus, a, um, adj., Sherry. Zea, ae, f., corn silk. Zeylanicus, a, um, adj., Ceylon, zincum, i, n., zinc, zingiber, eris, n., 3d, ginger. ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY Above super, prefix. aperient aperiens, entis, according to secundum, prep. adj., 3d. with ace. apple malum, i, n. after post, prep, with ace. apply extendo, ere, di, against contra, prep, with sus, 3d. ace. are sunt, V. alcohol alcohol, oils, n., 3d arm brachitmi, i, n. (or indecl.). aromatic aromaticus, a, um, all omnis, e, adj., 3d. adj. allspice pimenta, se, f. arsenate aisenas, atis, m., almond amygdala, ae, f. 3d. aloin aloinum, i, n.. arsenic arsenicum, i, n. also quoque, adv. arsenite arsenis, itis, m., alternate altemus, a, um. 3d. adj. art ars, artis, f., 3d. althaea althaea, ae, f. asafetida asafoetida, ae, f. alum alumen,inis, n., 3d. as much as quantum, adv. aluminum aluminum, i, n. as much as r quantum libet. always semper, adv. you wish quantum vis, or, amber succinum, i, n. quanttmi voluerls. American Americanus, a, um, quantum satis, adj. as much as quantum sufficiat, ammonia ammonia, ae, f. suffices or, ammoniated ammoniatus, a,um. quantum sufficit. adj. aspirin aspirinum, i, n. ammonium ammonium, i, u. atropine atropina, ae, f. ampule ampulla, ae, f. amyl amyl, amylis,n.,3d. Back" dorsum, i, n. and et, conj. balsam balsamum, i, n. animal animal, animalis. barberry- berberis, idis,f.,3d. n., 3d. barium barium, i, n. animal animalis, e, adj., 3d. bark cortex, ids, f., 3d. antidote antidottun, i, n. barley hordeum, i, n. antimony antimonium, i, n., base basis, is, f., 3d. or, stibium, i, n. bath balneum, i, n. antiseptic antisepticus, a, um. bay myrcia, se, f. adj. beef caro, carnis, f., 3d. 159 160 VOCABULARIES before ante, prep, with brucine brucina, ae, f. ace. bruise contuso, are, avi, belladonna belladonna, ae, f. atus, ist. benzene benzenum, i, n. brush pencillum, i, n. benzine benzinum, i, n. buchu buchu, indeclin. benzoate benzoas, atis, m., buckthorn frangiila, ae, f. 3d. burdock lappa, ae, f. benzoic benzoicus, a, um, burnt ustus, a, um, adj. adj. butter butynim, i, n. berry bacca, se, f. butternut juglans, andis, f., best optimus, a, um, adj. 3d. between inter, prep, v/ith ace. Cacao cacao, onis, m., 3d. bicarbonate bicarbonas, atis, cachet capsula amylacea. m., 3d. cadmium cadmium, i, n. birch, sweet betula, ae, {. cajuput cajuputi, indeclin. bismuth bismuthum, i, n. calcium calcium, i, n. bitter amarus, a, um, adj. calisaya cinchona, ae, f. black niger, gra, grum. calomel calomelas, calomel- adj. anos, n., 3d. blood sanguis, inis, m., camphor camphora, ae, f. 3d. camphorated camphoratus, a. bloodroot sanguinaria, se, f. um, adj. blue cseruleus, a, um, Canadian Canadensis, e, adj., adj. 3d. body- corpus, oris, n., 3d. cantharides cantharis, idis, f., boil bullio, ire, ivi, itus, 3d. 4th. capsicum capsicum, i, n. bolus bolus, i, m. capsule capsula, ae, f. bone OS, ossis, n., 3d. caraway carum, i, n. borate boras, atis, m., 3d. carbolated carbolatus, a, um. borax borax, acis, f., 3d. adj. boric boricus, a, um. adj. carbolic carbolicus, a, um. bottle phiala, ae, f. adj. bougie bougia, ae, f. carbon carboneum, i, n. box scatula, ae, f. carbonate carbonas, atis, m.. boy puer, eri, m. 3d. brandy spiritus vini gallici. carbonic carbonicus, a, um, bread panls, is, f., 3d. adj. breakfast jentaculum, i, n. cascara sagrada rhamnus purshiana. bromide bromidum, i, n. catechu catechu, indeclin. bromine bromum, i, n. cathartic catharticus, a, um. brown fuscus, a, um, adj. adj. VOCABULARIES 161 caustic causticus, a, tun, compound compositus, a, um, adj. adj. cautiously caute, adv. compressed compressus, a, um. centigram centigramma, atis, adj. n., 3d. concentrated concentratus, a, centimeter centimetrum, i, n. um, adj. cerate ceratum, i, n. confection confectio, onis, f., Ceylon Zeylanicus, a, urn, 3d. adj. consumption phthisis, is, f., 3d. chalk creta, se, f. continue continuo, are, avi, chamomile, matricaria, se, f. atus, I St. German copper cuprum, i, n. chamomile, anthemis, idis, f., corked suberatus, a, um. Roman ^ 3d. adj. charcoal carbo, onis, m., 3d. corm cormus, i, m. cherry cerasus, i, f., 2d corn silk zea, ae, f. cherry laurel laurocerasus, i, f .,2d corrosive corrosivus, a, um. chest pectus, oris, n., 3d. adj. chestnut castanea, ae, f. cough tussis, is, f., 3d. chloral chloralum, i, n. cotton gossypium, i, n. chlorinated chlorinatus, a, um. cresol cresol, oils, u., 3d adj. (or indec). chlorine chlorum, i, n. crumb mica, ae, f. chloroform chloroformum, i, n. cudbear persio, onis, f., 3d. cinchona cinchona, se, f . cup poculum, i, n. cinnamon cinnamomum, i, n. cure euro, are, avi, atus. citric citricus, a, um, adj. 1st. cloth pannus, i, m. cut incisus, a, um, adj. clove caryophyllus, i, m. cuttlefish bone OS sepiae. coat involvo, ere, vi, volutus, 3d. cyanide cyanidum, i, n. cocaine cocaina, ae, f. Daily in die. cochineal coccus, i, m. dandelion taraxacum, i, n. cod morrhua, se, {. day dies, ei, f., 5 th, cold frigidus, a, um, adj. death mors, mortis, f., 3d. collodion coUodium, i, n. decigram decigramma, atis, colocynth colocynthis, idls, £., n., 3d. 3d. decoction decoctum, i, n. color color, oris, n., 3d. decolorized decoloratus, a, um, color colore, are, avi, adj. atus, I St. deliquescent deliquescens, entis, common communis, e, adj.. adj., 3d. [adj. 3d. desiccated desiccatus, a, um, 162 VOCABULARIES diachylon diachylon, indeclin. emetic emeticus, a, tunj dichromate dichromas, atis, m., adj. 3d. emulsion emulsum, i, n. digitalis digitalis, is, f., 3d. end finis, is, f., 3d. diluted dilutus, a, um,' adj. enema enema, atis, n., 3d, dinner prandium, i, n. English Anglicus, a, um, disease morbus, i, m. adj. dispense dispense, are, avi, ergot ergota, », f. atus, I St. essence essentia, se, t. dissolve, you solve, imper. evening vesper, eris, m., 3d. distilled destillatus, a, um. every omnis, e, adj., 3d. adj. excipient excipiens, entis, n.. diuretic diureticus, a, um, 3d. adj. expressed expressus, a, um, divide, you divide, imper. adj. dose dosis, is, f., 3d. exsiccated exsiccatus, a, um, double duplex, icis, adj.. adj. 3d. external extemus, a, um, drachm drachma, ae, f. adj. dried siccus, a, um, adj. extract extractiun, i, n. drink poto, are, avi, atus. eye oculus, i, m. I St. eye lotion collyrium, i, n. drink potus, us, m., 4th. drop gutta, 86, f. Face fades, ei, f., sth. drop by drop guttatim, adv. fennel foeniculum, i, n. drug medicamentum, i. fern filix, icis, f., 3d. n. fever febris, is, I., 3d. druggist medicamentarius. few paucus, a, um, adj. i, m. fifteen quindecim, num. during durans, antis, 3d. adj. dust conspergo, ere, si. fig flcus, i, f. sus, 3d. filter, to filtro, are, avi, atus^ I St. filtnim, i, n. Each singnlaris, e, adj., filter 3d. fine tenuis, e, adj., 3d. each, of singularum. finger digitus, i, m. ear auris, is, f., 3d. fire ignis, is, m., 3d. earth terra, se, f. first primus, a, um, adj. egg ovum, i, n. flaxseed linimi, i, n. eight octo, num. adj. flexible flexilis, e, adj., 3d. elixir elixir, iris, n., 3d flour farina, ae, f. (or indecl.). flower flos, fioris, m., 3d, elm ulmus, i, f . fluid fluidus, a, um, adj. VOCABULARIES 163 fluidextract fiuidextracttim, i, n. grain granum, i, n. fluidrachm fluidrachma, ae, f. gram gramma, atis, n.. fluidounce fluiduncia, as, f. 3d. following sequens, entis, adj.. granulated granulatus, a, um. 3d. adj. food cibus, i, m. green viridis, e, adj., 3d. foot pes, pedis, m., 3d. gum gummi, indeclin. tootbath pediluvium, i, n. for pro, prep, with abl. Hair capillus, i, m. form formo, are, avi. half semis, issis, m., 3d, atus, ist. or dimidium, i, n. four quatuor, num. adj. half an hour semibora, se, f. four times quater, adv. hand manus, us, m., 4th. French Gallicus, a, um, hard duTus, a, um, adj. adj. have, to habeo, ere, ui, itus, fresh recens, entis, adj.. 2d. 3d. head caput, itis, n., 3d. fruit fructus, us, m., 4th. hear, to audio, ire, ivi, itus, fused fusus, a, um, adj. . 4th. frequently subinde, adv. heart cor, cordis, n., 3d. heat calor, oris, m., 3d. Gall fel, fellis, n., 3d. heavy ponderosus, a, um. gallon congius, i, m. adj. gargle gargarisma, atis, u., hemp cannabis, is, f., 3d. 3d. herb herba, se, f. gauze carbasus, i, m. hoarhound marrubium, i, n. gelatine gelatinum, i, n. honey met, mellis, n., 3d. gentle lenis, e, adj., 3d. hops humulus, i, m. ginger zingiber, eris, n., hot fervens, entis, adj., 3d. 3d. girl puella, SB, f. hour hora, ae, f. give do, dare, dedi. hundred centum, indeclin. in datus, ist: sing. gland glandula, se, f. hundredth centesimus, a, um, glass vitrum, i, n. adj. glass, of vitreus, a, um, adj. hydrastine hydrastina, s, f. glycerine glycerinum, i, n. hydrastis hydrastis, is, f., 3d. glycerite glyceritum, i, n. hydrate hydras, atis, m., 3d. gold aurum, i, n. hydriodic hydriodicus, a, um. good bonus, a, tim, adj. adj. goose, of a anserinus, a, um. hydrogen hydrogenium, i, n. adj. hydrous hydrosus, a, um, gradually gradatim, adv. adj. 164 VOCABULARIES hydroxide hydroxidum, i, n. Lard adeps, ipis, m., 3d, hyoscyamus hyoscyamus, i, m. or axungla, ae, f . larger major, oris, adj., 3d Ice glacies, ei, f., sth. (comp. of mag- Iceland moss cetraria, », f. nus). if si, conj. largest mazimus, a, um, immediately statim, adv. adj. (superl. of impure impurus, a, um. magnus). adj. larkspur delphinium, i, n. in (place where] in, prep, with abl. last ultimus, a, um, adj. in (motion im- in, prep, with ace. lavender lavandula, ae, f. plied) laxative laxativus, a, um, Indian Indicus, a, um, adj. adj. inflammation inflanimatio, onis, law lex, legis, f., 3d. f., 3d. leaf folium, i, n. infusion infusum, i, u. leather aluta, ae, f. inhalation inhalatio, onis, f., leech hirudo, inis, f., 3d. 3d. left Isvus, a, um, adj. injection iujectio, onis, f., 3d. leg eras, cruris, n., 3d. instill instillo, are, avi. lemon limon, onis, f., 3d. atus, I St. licorice glycyrrhiza, ae, f. intimately intime, adv. life vita, ae, f. iodide iodidum, i, n. light lux, lucis, f., 3d. iodine iodum, i, n. lily of the valley convallaria, ae, f. iodoform iodoformiun, i, n. lime calx, calcis, f., 3d. ipecac ipecacuanha, ae, f. iris, iridis, f., 3d. liniment linimentum, i, n. iris lint liateum, i, n. Irish moss chondrus, i, m. lip labium, i, n. is (he, she, it) est. liquefy liquefacio, ere, fee!, factus, 3d. Jalap jalapa, ae, f. liquid liquidus, a, imi, adj. jar amphora, ae, f. liter litram, i, n. joint artictilus, i, m. little by little paulatim, adv. juice succus, i, m. liver hepar, atis, n., 3d juniper juniperus, i, f., 2d. logwood haematoxylon, i, n. 2d longus, a, um, adj. Kaolin kaolinum, i, n. long kidney ren, renis, m., 3d. lotion lotio, onis, f., 3d kilogram kilogramma, atis, n., 3d. lung pulmo, onis, m., 3d. kino kino, indeclin. Macerate, you macera, v., imper. konseal capsula amylacea. macerate macero, are, avi. kousso cusso, indeclin. atus. 1st. VOCABULARIES 165 magma magma, atis, n., 3d. mucilage mucilago, inis, f., make, to facio, ere, feci, 3d. factus, "io" of muriatic muriaticus, a, um, 3d. adj. male fern aspidium, i, n. muscle musculus, i, m. malt maltum, i, n. mustard sinapis, is, f ., 3d. manganese manganum, i, n. myrrh myrrha, ae, f. manner mos, moris, m., 3d. marigold calendula, ae, f. Name nomen, inis, n., 3d. marrow medulla, se, f. naphthalene naphthalenum, i, n. marshmallow althaea, ae, f. nasal douche collunaritun, i, n. mass massa, ae, f. need opus, eris, n., 3d. mastic mastiche, as, f., ist. nerve nervus, i, m. meal farina, ae, f. night nox, noctis, f., 3d. medicated medicatus, a, um. nine novem, num. adj. adj. ninety nonaginta, num. medicine medicina, ae, f. adj. menthol menthol, oils, n., 3d nitrate nitras, atis, m., 3d. (or indecl.). nitric nitricus, a, um, adj. mercury hydrargyrum, i, n. nitrite nitris, itis, m., 3d. mild mitis, e, adj., 3d. noon meridies, ei, f., 5th. milk lac, lactis, n., 3d. nose nasus, i, m. milligram milligramma, atis. nostril naris, is, f., 3d. n., 3d. not non, adv. milliliter millilitrum, i, n. nut nux, nucis, {., 3d. minim minimum, i, n. nutgall galla, ae, f . mint mentha, ae, f. nutmeg myristica, se, f . minute minutum, i, n. mitigated mitigatus, a, um, Oak quercus, i, f., 2d. adj. official officialis, e, adj.. mix, you misce, v., imper. 3d. mix misceo, ere, ui. oil oleum, i, n. mixtus, 2d. oil sugar oleosaccharum, i. ,n. mix, they miscent. oily oleosus, a, um, adj. mixture mistura, ae, f. ointment unguentum, i, n. molasses syrupus fuscus. oleate (salt of oleas, atis, m., 3d. morning mane, indeclin. oleic acid) mortar mortarium, i, n. oleate (pharm. oleatum, i, n. morphine morphina, ae, f. prep.) mould modulus, i, m. oleic oleicus, a, um, adj. mouth OS, oris, n., 3d. oleoresin oleoresina, ae, f. mouth wash coUutorium, i, n. olive oliva, ae, f. much multus, a, um, adj. once semel, adv. 166 VOCABULARIES one unus, una, unum, Port Portensis, e, adj., num. adj. 3d. or vel., conj. potassa potassa, ae, f. orange ounce atirantium, i, n. uncia, se, f. potassium r kalium, i, n., \ potassium, i, n. ox bos, bovis, m., 3d. poultice cataplasma, atis, n., oxide oxidum, i, n. 3d. oxygen ozygenium, i, n. pound libra, ae, f. powder, a pulvis, eris, m., 3d. Pain dolor, doloris, m., powder, to pulvero, are, avi. 3d- atus, I St. painful dolens, entis, adj., powerful potens, entis, adj.. 3d. 3d. pale pallidus, a, um, adj. preparation praeparatio, onis, t., pancreatin pancreatintun, i, n. 3d. paper charta, ae, f. prepared praeparatus, a, um. part pars, partis, f., 3d. adj. paste pasta, ae, f. prescribe praescribo, ere, pastille pastillus, i, m. scripsi, scriptus. pennyroyal hedeoma, ae, f. 3d. pepper piper, eris, n., 3d. prescription prsescriptum, i, n. peppery piperitus, a, um. pulverize pulverizo, are, avi, adj. atus, I St. pepsin pepsinum, i, n. pumpkin seed pepo, onis, m., 3d. percolate, a percolatum, i, n. pure purus, a, um, adj. percolate, to percolo, are, avi. purple purpureus, a, um. atus, I St. adj. percolator percolum, i, n. pyroxylin pyrozylinum, i, n. pestle pistiUum, i, n. petrolatum petrolatum, i, n. Quantity quantitas, atis, f., phenol phenol, olis, n., 3d 3d. (or indecl.). quickly cito, adv. pill piltila, ae, f. quince seed cydonium, i, n. pill box pyxis, idis, f., 3d. quinsy angina, ae, f. pint octarius, i, m. pitch pix, picis, f., 3d. Recent recens, entis, adj.. pith medulla, ae, f. 3d. plaster emplastnui, i, n. rectified rectificatus, a, um, plenty copia, ae, f. adj. poison venenum, i, n. red ruber, bra, bnim, pomade pomatum, i, n. adj. poppy papaver, eris, n., reduced reductus, a, um, 3d. adj. VOCABULARIES 167 remainder reliquus, a, um, send mitto, ere, misi, adj. missus, 3d. remedy remedium, i, n. send, you mitte,' imper. renew, to renovo, are, avi, seven septem, num. adj. atus, ist. seventh Septimus, a, um, repeat, to repeto, ere, ivi, adj. itus, 3d. Sherry Xericus, a, um, adj. rhizome rhizoma, atis, n., short brevis, e, adj., 3d. 3d. side latus, eris, n., 3d. rhubarb rheum, i, n. sieve cribum, i, n. right dexter, tra, trum. silver argentum, i, n. adj. simple simplex, icis, adj.. rind cortex, icis, f., 3d. 3d. root radix, icis, f., 3d. six sex, num. adj. rose rosa, m, f. sixth sextus, a, um, adj. rubber elastica, ae, f. skin cutis, is, f., 3d. rubefacient rubefaciens, entis. sleep somnus, i, m. 1 adj., 3d. small parvus, a, um, adj. soap sapo, onis, f., 3d. Saccharated saccharatus, a, um. soap tree bark quillaja, se, f. adj. soapy saponaiius, a, um. saccharin saccharinum, i, n. adj. saffron crocus, i, m. soda soda, ae, f. sage salvia, se, f. sodium ("natrium, i, n., \ sodium, i, n. Saigon Saigonicus, a, um. adj. soft mollis, e, adj., 3d. salicylate salicylas, atis, m.. solid solidus, a, um, adj. 3d. soluble solubilis, e, adj., salicylic salicylicus, a, um. 3d. adj. solution solutio, onis, f., 3d. salol salol, olis, n., 3d soup jusculum, i, n. (or indecl.). Spanish fly cantharis, idis, f., salt sal, salis, n., 3d. 3d. same idem, eadem, idem. spatula spatula, se, f. pronoun. spermaceti cetaceum, i, n. sand arena, ae, f. spirit spiritus, us, m., sassafras sassafras, inde- 4th. clin. sponge spongia, se, f. saturated saturatus, a, um. spoonful cochleare, is, n., adj. 3d. scales (flakes) lamella, se, f. spot macula, se, f. scruple scrupulus, i, m. spray nebula, se, f. seed semen, inis, n., 3d. spring fons, fontis, m., 3d. 168 VOCABULARIES sprinkle, to conspergo, ere, si, then dein, adv. sus, 3d. thing res, rei, f., Stii' squill scilla, ae, f. thirst sitis, is, f., 3d- stand, to sto, stare, steti, sti- thousand mille (indeclin. in tUS, I St. sing.) millia. starch amyltim, i, n. three tres, tria, num. adj. stomach stomachus, i, m. three times ter, adv. strain colo, are, avi, atus, time tempus, oris, n., 3d. ISt. tin stannum, i, n. strained colatus, a, tun, adj. tincture tinctura, ae, f. strong fortis, e, adj., 3d. together simul, adv. styptic stypticus, a, um. tolu tolutanus, a, tun. adj. adj. such talis, e, adj., 3d. to-morrow eras, indeclin. noun suet sevum, i, n. or adv. sugar sacchanun, i, n. tongue lingua, ae, f. sulphur sulphur, uris,n., 3d. tooth dens, deiitis, m., sulphuric sulphuricus, a, um, 3d. adj. toothache odontalgia, ae, f. sulphurous sulphurosus, a, um. trioxide trioxidtun, i, n. adj. triple triplex, icis, adj., surgeon chirurgus, i, m. 3d. swallow, to deglutio, ire, — , — , triturate, to trituro, are, avi. 4th. atus, ISt. sweat sudor, oris, m., 3d. trituration trittiratio, onis, f.. sweet dulcis, e, adj., 3d. 3d. syrup syrupus, i, m. troche trochiscus, i, m. true verus, a, um, adj. Tablet tabeUa, ae, f. tuber tuber, ens, n., 3d. take capio, ere, cepi, turpentine terebinthina, ae, f. captus, "io" of twelve duodecim, num. 3d. adj. take, let him capiat. two duo, duse, duo, talcum talcum, i, n. num. adj. tannate tannas, atis, m., 3d. twice bis, adv. tansy tanacetum, i, n. tar pix liquida. Uncovered apertus, a, um, adj. tear, a lachrima, se, f. until donee, conj. tell dico, ere, dixi. urine tuina, ae, f. dictus, 3d. use usus, us, m., 4th. ten decern, num. adj. tenth decimus, a, um. Vanilla vanilla, ae, f. adj. vehicle vehicultun, i, n. VOCABULARIES 169 vessel vas, vasis, n., 3d. wild cherry prunus virginiana. vinous vinosus, a, um, adj. willow salix, icis, f., 3d. volatile volatilis, e, adj., 3d. wine vinum, i, n. wineglassful cyathus, i, m. Wafer, starch capsula amylacea. wintergreen gaultheria, se, f. warm calidus, a, um, adj. witch hazel hamamelis, idis, f., washed lotus, a, um, adj. 3d. water aqua, se, f. with cum, prep, with ab. watery aquosus, a, um. without sine, prep, with ab. adj. wood lignimi, i, n. wax cera, as, f. wool lana, ae, f. waxed ceratus, a, um, adj. wound vulnus, eris, n., 3d. week hebdomada, se, i. wrist carpus, i, m. weigh to, pendo, ere, pe- scribe, ercj scripsi, pendi, pensus. write, to scriptus, 3d. 3d- signo, are, avi. weighing pendens, entis, adj., 3d. atus, I St. well bene, adv. Yellow flavus, a, um, adj. wet madidus, a, um. yellow dock rumex, icis, f., 3d. adj. yerba santa eriodictyon, i, n., which, of cujus. 2d. whole totus, a, um, adj. whooping cough pertussis, is, f., 3d. Zinc zincum, i, n. INDEX (The references are to paragraphs.) Ablative of time, 146 Abbreviations, list of, 104-162, 186 of Apothecaries' weights and i measures, 91 of Metric weights and measures, 112 use in I^ writing, loo Accent, 8 Adjectives, agreement with nouns, 46-49 cardinal numeral, 78, 84, 190 formation from other words, 51 in ex, 15s in ns, iss of first declension, 15, 25, 44, 4S, 19s of second declension, 33, 39, 44, 45, 19s of third declension, 150, 155, 196 ordinal numeral, 90, 191 position in titles, 58, 60 use with nouns of other declen- sions, 131 Adjuvant, the, 99 Adverbs, formation of, 178 comparison of, 178 Agreement of adjectives, 46-49 in case, 49 in gender, 47 in number, 48 Alkaloids, list of, 77 nomenclature of, 77 Aloes, 30 Alphabet, 2 Antepenult, 8 Apothecaries' weights and meas- ures, 91 Arabic numerals, use in prescrip- tion writing, 102, 112 Article, the, 9 Base, the, 99 Capitalization of titles, 56 Cardinal numeral adjectives, 78, 84, 190 Cases, 12 Chemical compounds, titles of, 66 Comparative degree, 173-175 Comparison of adjectives, 1 73 of irregular adjectives, 175 of adverbs, 178 Compound words in titles, 76 Conjugation of verbs, 114-118, 123, 197-202 of sum, 203 of fio, 206, 207 Conjunctions, use in titles, 74 Corrective, the, 99 Corrigent, the, 99 Decimals, use in Metric prescrip- tions, 112 Declension, 13 of adjectives in er, 45 of adjectives in ez, 155 170 INDEX 171 Declension, of adjectives in ns, ISS of adjectives of ist declen., 15, 45, 19s of adjectives of 2d declen., 33, 39, 4S, 19s of adjectives of 3d declen., 150- iSS. 196 of cardinal numeral adj., 78-79, 19a of comparative, 176 of Latin titles, 67 of noun and adjective, 25 of noun and limiting noun, 26 of nouns ending in a, 15 of nouns ending in as, 129 of nouns ending in er, 34 j of nouns ending in is, 129, 136 of nouns ending in ius, 33 of nouns ending in ma, 143 of nouns ending in ol, 144 of nouns ending in on, 40 of nouns ending in um, 39 of nouns ending in us, 33 of nouns ending in x, 137 Degrees of comparison, 173 Dimidium, 91 Diphthongs, s Doses, for the aged, 106 for children, 106 for women, 106 excessive or unusual, 106 Duo, declension of, 79, 190 Elements, list of, 41 External use labels, 104 Ficus, 33 Fifth declension, 166, 194 Fio, conjugation of, 206, 207 use of, 123 First conjugation verbs, 116, 197- 202 list of, 118 First declension adjectives, 15, 25, 44, 45, 19s First declension nouns, 15, 190 Fourth conjugation verbs, 123, 197-202 Fourth declension, 160, 193 Fractions, 91 Genders, 10 determination of, lo of countries and trees, 10 of indeclinable nouns, 10 Gerundive, the, 117 Gramma, declension of, 143 use of, 112 Grammatical construction of a prescription, loi Greek prefixes, 167 " Harrison Law," drugs affected by, 107, 108 exemptions, 108 prescriptions, 107, 108 example of, 108 extemporaneous, 108 preservation of, 107 refilling of, 107, 108 In, meaning " place where," 35 when motion is implied, 119 Indeclinable nouns, 168 Indicating an unusual dose, 106 Inscription, the, 97, 99 writing of, 102 lo verbs of 3d conjugation, 123, 197-202 Juniperus, 33 Labeling, 104 Latinizing names of acids, 50 radicals of oxy-acids, 130 words in " in " and " ine," 83 172 INDEX Latin prefixes, 167 Limiting nouns, 20 Mastiche, 30 Metric prescriptions, 112 Metric weights and measures, 112 Mille, declension of, 84 Modern words in titles, 75 Modes of administration of med- icines, 106 Names of the elements, 41 Nomenclature, 55-77 of alkaloids, 77 Nouns, 13 in ma, from the Greek, 18 in on, from the Greek, 40 Numbers, 11 Numeral adjectives, 78, 84, 90, 190, 191 Object, direct, 27 Ordinal numeral adjectives, 90, 191 Origin of sign IJ, 98 P., PP., abbreviation, 102 P., Pr., abbreviation, 98 Paregoric in relation to the " Harri- son Law," 108 Parts by volume in prescriptions, 112 by weight in prescriptions, 112 of speech, 9 Passive forms of verbs, 116, 200- 202 Penult, the, 8 Pharmaceutical preparations, titles of, 60 " Place where," how to express, 35 Poison labels, 104 Predicate nominative, the, 21 Prefixes, from the Greek, 167 from the Latin, 167 not derived from numerals, 167 Preparations, classes of, 60 definition under the "Harrison Law," 108 Prepositions governing the ablative, 161 governing the accusative, 161 use in titles, 73 Prescription, the, 96-112 by parts, 109 complex, 96 definition of, 96 derivation of word, g6 example of, 104 exceptional, no Metric, 112 parts of, 97 polypharmacal, 96 " shot gun," 96 simple, 96 Prescriptions for discussion, 105- 185, 188 Principal parts of verbs, 115 Pronunciation, 4 English method, 5 ■ Roman method, 6 Prunus, 33 Radicals of oxy-acids, 130 " Remedy," definition under the " Harrison Law," 108 Roman numerals, list of, 189 use in prescriptions, 102 Second conjugation verbs, izj, 197-202. Second declension, 33, 39, 191 adjectives of, 45 masculine nouns, 33 neuter nouns, 39 Semis, use and declension, 91 INDEX 173 Sentence, the, 22, 29 Sesuncia, 91 Shake labels, use of, 104 Signa, the, 97, 104 " Signas " to translate, 184 Signatura, the, 104 Subject, the, 19 expressed, 28 understood, 28 Subjunctive verb formr, 116, 199, 202 Subscription, the, 97, 103 Superlative degree, 173, 175 Superscription, the, 97, 98 Syllables, 7 Synonyms, common, 183 Third conjugation verbs, 123, 197- ^02 Third declension of adjectives, 150- iSS, 196 Third declension of nouns, 128-145, 191-192 group I, 129 group 2, 136 group 3, 137 group 4, 143 group s, 144 not grouped, 145 Titles, SS consisting of noun and adj., 58 consisting of parts of plants, 59 consisting of single words, 57 containing compound words, 76 containing conjunctions, 74 containing modern words, 75 Titles, containing prepositions, 73 of chemical compounds, 66 of pharmaceutical preparations, 60 Topics for class discussion, 187 Translation from English to Latin, 17 from Latin to English, 16 of sentences, 29 of words, 16 Tres, declension of, 79, 190 Ultima, the, 8 Unus, declension of, 79, 190 Vehicle, the, 99 Verb forms, use of, 117 Verbs, 14, 114-123, 197-202 of first conjugation, 114-116, 197-202 of second conjugation, 123, 197- 202 of third conjugation, 123, 197- 202 io verbs of third conjugation, 123, 197-202 of fourth conjugation, 123, 197- 202 principal parts, 115 Veterinary doses, 106 Vowels, 3 Why Latin is used in pharmacy, I Words in " in " and " ine," 83 Writing a prescription, 98-104 Writing a Metric prescription, in