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 DA 550.172 1869 suppl. ^ 
 
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SUPPLEMENT 
 
 TO THE 
 
 ANNALS OF OUR TIME 
 
 A DIURNAL OF EVENTS, 
 
 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL, HOME AND FOREIGN, 
 FROM FEBRUARY 28, 1871 to MARCH 19, 1874. 
 
 JOSEPH IRVING. 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 1875. 
 
oo* The ^>'- 
 
 ProsidQiu White ^ 
 
 Library 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ■;'v?o 
 
TABLE OF ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 First Lord of Treasury . . ."^. 
 Iiord Chancellor ........ 
 
 Iiord President of Council . . . 
 
 Iiord Privy Seal . 
 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer . . 
 
 Home Secretary 
 
 Foreign Secretary ....... 
 
 Colonial Secretary 
 
 Secretary-at-War 
 
 War Secretary 
 
 Board of Control (India) 
 
 Indian Secretary 
 
 Board of Trade 
 
 Duchy of Lancaster 
 
 Postmaster-General 
 
 First Lord of Admiralty .... 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland . . . 
 Chief Secretary of Ireland . . . 
 Woods and Forests (Public Works) 
 Vice-President of Board of Trade 
 Attorney-General 
 
 Solicitor-General 
 
 Lord Advocate of Scotland . . . . 
 
 Majorities determining the fate of 
 above Ministries. 
 
 Gladstone Ministry, 
 1868. 
 
 W. E. Gladstone, Esq. 
 
 fLord Hatherley 
 iLord Selborne 
 (Earl De Grey 
 I Lord Aberdare 
 fEarl of Kimberley 
 IVLscount Halifax 
 /Robert Lowe, Esq. 
 IW. E. Gladstone, Esq. 
 (H. A. Bruce, Esq. 
 IRobert Lowe, Esq. 
 /Earl of Clarendon 
 lEarl Granville 
 /Earl Granville 
 I Earl of Kimberley ' 
 
 Edward Cardwell, Esq. 
 
 Duke of Argyll 
 
 John Bright, Esq. (res.) 
 ,Ch. Fortescue, Esq. 
 
 /Lord DufFerin 
 
 I John Bright, Esq. 
 
 (Marquis of Hartington 
 
 IW. Monsell, Esq. 
 
 'H. C. E. Childers, Esq. 
 G. J. Goschen, Esq. 
 
 Earl Spencer 
 
 fC. H. Fortescue, Esq, 
 IMarquis of Hartington 
 /A. H. Layard, Esq. 
 lA. S. Ayrton, Esq. 
 
 W. H. Gladstone, Esq. 
 (Sir R. P. Collier 
 (Sir H. James 
 fSir J. D. Coleridge 
 \ Sir James Jessell 
 (SirW. V. Harcourt 
 
 J. Moncreiff, Esq, 
 .Geo. Young, Esq. 
 
 Feb. 1874. 
 
 B. Disraeli, Esq. 
 Lord Cairns 
 Duke of Richmond 
 Earl of Malmesbury 
 Sir S. Northcote 
 R. A. Cross, Esq. 
 Earl Derby 
 Earl Carnarvon 
 
 Gathorne Hardy, Esq. 
 
 Marquis of Salisbury 
 Sir C. Adderley' 
 Colonel Taylor 
 Lord John planners 
 G. Ward Hunt, Esq. 
 Duke of Abercom 
 Sir M. H. Beach 
 Lord H. Lennox 
 G. C. Bentinck, Esq. 
 Sir R. Baggallay 
 
 Sir J. Holker 
 
 E. S. Gordon, Esq. 
 
 Ministerial Majority. 
 Irish Church Bill (third 
 
 reading). 
 For ....... 361 
 
 Against 247 
 
 Majority 114 
 
 (See May 31, 1869, p. 872.) 
 Resigned Feb. 1874. 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924028400301 
 
ANNALS OF OUR TIME. 
 
 Feb. 24. — Earl Granville, on the part of her 
 Majesty's Government, endeavours to obtain 
 some modification in favour of France of the 
 war indemnity of six milliards of francs said 
 to be demanded by Prussia. Government, he 
 wrote, felt the difficulties which arise from 
 their ignorance of the offers made on the side 
 of France, and they bear in mind that this 
 country is one only among the neutral powers, 
 all bound by the obligations of friendship to 
 both parties. " But her Majesty's Government 
 are willing, in consideration of the extreme 
 pressure of time, to make representations to 
 Germany on the amount of this indemnity, and 
 to tender their good offices in the spirit of 
 iiiendship to both parties, under the conviction 
 that it is the interest of Germany, as well as of 
 France, that the amount of the indemnity 
 should not be greater than that which it is 
 reasonable to expect could be paid. " 
 
 — Invasions of Looshai tribes into the tea 
 districts of Cachar and Sylhet, North-east 
 India, leading to the despatch of a combined 
 party of British and native troops to i-ecover a 
 young girl named Winchester, who had been 
 carried off after the murder of her father. 
 
 26. — Some remarks in the way of censure 
 having been made in Parliament regarding the 
 manner of the withdrawal of the British am- 
 bassador from Paris in September last. Lord 
 Lyons writes to-day from Bordeaux : — " I con- 
 ceived at the time that it was my duty neither 
 to reject the advice of the French Minister for 
 Foreign Affairs, nor to separate myself from 
 my principal colleagues, and I thought it would 
 be on all accounts inexpedient for me to allow 
 myself to be shut up in Paris and to be de- 
 prived of all speedy and satisfactory means of 
 communicating with your lordship. My sub- 
 sequent experience has, I confess, confirmed 
 me in these opinions. On the day after I left 
 Paris, all communication by road with that 
 place was intercepted, aiid on the following 
 day the last telegraphic wire was cut. The 
 diplomatists who were left in the besieged city 
 were refused by the German authorities posi- 
 tively all facilities for corresponding with their 
 Governments otherwise than by letters left open 
 for the inspection of those authorities. My 
 having resided at the seat of the Delegation of 
 the Government at Tours, and having followed 
 them to Bordeaux, have been accepted by the 
 French as manifest proofs of the desire ot her 
 Majesty's Government to maintain intimate and 
 friendly relations with them, while my domg so 
 has affbrded her Majesty's Government the 
 readiest and most effectual means of maintain- 
 ing such relations in fact. " 
 
 26. — A person understood to be a police spy, 
 engaged in watching the National Guards de- 
 filing in front of the Column of July, seized by 
 a mob of infuriated Republicans, and, after 
 being subjected for hours to a series of gross 
 outrages, is at last bound hand and foot and 
 thrown into the Seine. 
 
 27. — Proclamation signed by Thiers and 
 Picard posted in Paris, urging the inhabitants 
 to accept even the hard terms of peace im- 
 posed by the Germans as the only means of 
 saving France. During six days, it was said, 
 the negotiators fought foot by foot, and did 
 what was humanly possible to obtain the most 
 favourable conditions. " If the Convention be 
 not respected the armistice will be broken, and 
 the enemy, already masters of the forts, will 
 occupy in strong force the entire city. Private 
 property, the works of art, and the public 
 monuments are guaranteed to-day ; but should 
 the Convention cease to be in force misfortune 
 will await the whole of France. The fearful 
 ravages of war, which hitherto have not ex- 
 tended beyond the Loire, will then extend to 
 the Pyrenees. It is absolutely true to say that 
 the safety of Paris affects the whole of France. 
 Do not imitate the fault of those who did not 
 wish us to believe, ei^ht months ago, that the 
 war would be so fatal. The French army, 
 which defended Paris with so much courage, 
 will occupy the left of the Seine and ensure the 
 loyal execution of the new armistice. The 
 National Guard will undertake to maintain 
 order in the rest of the city, as good and 
 honoured citizens, who have shown themselves 
 to be brave in the face of the enemy, and this 
 cruel situation will end in peace and the return 
 of public prosperity." 
 
 28. — Treaty of Commerce between Spain 
 and Sweden and Norway signed. 
 
 — The American House of Representatives 
 pass a bill repealing the duty on coal. 
 
 — News from Paris indicate great uneasi- 
 ness regarding the entry of the German troops 
 and some necessary precautions were taken for 
 avoiding a street conflict. In the afternoon 
 the statues in the Place de la Concorde were 
 veiled with thick crape, though "Strasburg" 
 was still permitted to retain the flags and im- 
 mortelles with which it had been bedizened for 
 months past. By midnight the streets were 
 reported to be unusually clear, a result partially 
 accomplished by the closing of the theatres 
 and cafes. 
 
 — The first Act of the Session, authorising 
 an annuity of 6,ooo/. to her Royal Highness 
 the Princess Louise, receives the Royal assent. ' 
 
 B 
 
MARCH 
 
 187I. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 March 1. — This (Wednesday) lovenoon the 
 German army, to the numher of 30,000, com- 
 mence to ejiler Paris. The first Uhlan made 
 his appearance at the Arc de Triomphe about 
 nine o'clock. He was soon followed by other 
 Uhlans, and then by the mstn body qf the 
 occupying troops, the 6(h awd nth Prussian 
 Corps, with about 11,000 Bavarians, which 
 had previously. beeai reviewed by the. Emperor 
 at Longchamps. Not being able to pass 
 under the arch, they turned down the Avenue 
 des Champs Elysees, and proceeded in the 
 direction of the Place de la Concorde, their 
 bands meanwhile sounding out the ever-popu- 
 lar "Wacht am Rhein." The Duke of 
 Coburg, General Blumenthal, and their respec- 
 tive staffs, rode in at the head of the troops, 
 followed by a squadron of Bavarian Hussars, 
 with bright pennons of blue and white silk. 
 Following these, and evidently in honour of 
 Bavaria, came two batteries of Bavarian artil- 
 lery, and then rifles and infantry. There 
 (writes the Times correspondent) was the 
 "I-,ei,b Regiment," with its shattered companies 
 only a quarter of their original strength, and 
 their flag hanging in ribbons from the stump of 
 SI broken staff. As they marched past the 
 closed arch an ofiScer's horse slipped and fell, 
 and a crowd pressed round the dismounted 
 tider-. Instantly a comrade rode to his assist- 
 ance am.id the hisses of on-lookers ; one man 
 was ridden over, and two or three horsemen 
 charged along the pavement. This had the 
 effect of scattering the mob, and from that 
 moment they looked on ia profound and re- 
 spectful silence. For an hour and a half did 
 the incessant stream of Bavarians continue, 
 with here and there an interval occupied by 
 some general and his staff. Then came the 
 Grand Duke of Mecklenburg. Bismarck him- 
 self, smoking a cigar, rode suddenly up, looked 
 QB the scene for a few minutes without going 
 beyond the crest of the hUl, and then turned 
 away in the direction of Verssiilles, whither the 
 Em.pttOsT and. Crown Prince had retired after 
 the review in the morning. 
 
 — Lord Lurgan's famous greyhound, 
 Master M'Grath, shown to the Queen at 
 Windsor, and afterwards to various members of 
 the Court circle. 
 
 — Came on at the Central Criminal Court 
 before the Recorder, the trial of Martha Tor- 
 pey, aged 28, described as a married woman, 
 charged as an accomplice in the robbery of 
 jewels belonging to W. H. Ryder (see Jan. 12, 
 iSfi, p. 973). The shopman, Parkes, de- 
 tailed bis experience within the house in Upper 
 Berkeley Street, into which he was admitted 
 by a man describing himself as Tyrell, but now 
 known to be Torpey. He took, he said, some 
 of the jewellery out of a bag, and stated the 
 prices of the different articles. He there saw 
 the; pi:ison.er sitting at the fire. Witness stood 
 at qne side of the table, and the rpan on the 
 <!'.her. When some of the articles, were exa- 
 
 mined, the man suggested that the prisoner 
 should go and call her sister. She went out - 
 of the room. When she returned she placed 
 a handkerchief over his face, and the man im- 
 mediately rushed at him and held his arms. 
 He siruggled, but the man continued holding 
 him, and the prisoner pressing the hand- 
 kerchief over his face. This lasted some 
 minutes. He was then forced backwards on 
 to a sofa. When he came to himself he 
 found himself tightly strapped. The man 
 Tyrell was standing over him, and said, " If 
 you move I will murder you.." Witness asked 
 him to loosen the strap over his breast, and he 
 did so. Witness attempted to get up to a sit- 
 ting position and look at the table, but Tyrell 
 forced him down, and put a handkerchief over 
 his eyes. He afterwards heard the front door 
 slam. He succeeded in loosening the straps: 
 on his wrist, and broke a pane of glass in the 
 vrindow, and gave an alarm. All the jewellery 
 on the table was gone, with the exception of a 
 small gold chain. The jury acquitted the pri^ 
 soner on the charge of robbery with violence, 
 and also on a second charge for assault, on the 
 ground that she had acted under her husband's 
 coercion. 
 
 1. — Died at Edinburgh, John Carmichad, 
 M,A., Senior Classical Master in the High 
 School. 
 
 — The Burials Bill, permitting Dissenters to 
 bury in parish churchyards with their own rites, 
 or no rites, read a second time in, the Commons 
 by 211 to 149 votes. 
 
 — The Lonrlon School Board, by a majo- 
 rity of 41 to 3, reject a proposal for teaching 
 the Bible without religious note or comment in 
 schools under their management. Lord San- 
 don protested against the startling notions and 
 new religion Professor Huxley had formerly 
 brought before the Board, to which the Pro- 
 fessor replied by reminding his lordship that 
 as Keats was reported to have been justly 
 killed by an article, so "any faith which can; 
 be killed by human effort ought to be so 
 killed." 
 
 — Died at Bordeaux, M. Kuss, Mayor of 
 Strasburg and Deputy for the Bas-Rhin. 
 
 2. — Bank of England rate of discount raised 
 from 24 to 3 per cent. The comparative quiet 
 prevailing at Paris combined with the accept^ 
 ance by the Assembly of the preliminaries of 
 peace, caused the Stock Market to maintain a 
 firm appearance, and even before business 
 hours the French loan had been run up over 
 I per cent. 
 
 — Describing the desolate condition of Paris, 
 the Journal Officiel records: "The Bourse 
 and all the shops are closed. Paris has volun- 
 tarily suspended her life, and feels, the respon- 
 sibility weighing upon her in such a painful 
 moment, that it becomes her not to add to the 
 misfortunes, she has already to hear others more 
 terrible that Baight be irreparable. After having 
 heroically endured faniiae an^ miseries, Paris is ; 
 
MARCH 
 
 1871. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 capable of a still greater courage." Other jour- 
 nals appeared with black borders. To-day the 
 German soldiers, in large numbers, visited the 
 Louvre, Carrousel and other places of public 
 resort, the populace, as a rule, looking on with 
 sorrow and resignation. The " Red " leaders 
 still maintained their cannon and barricades in 
 the Belleville, St. Martin, and Temple districts. 
 2. — Writing to Cardinal Patrizi, Dean of 
 the College of Jesuits and Vicar-General of the 
 Holy See, the Pope explains the nature of his 
 connection with the Jesuits, and defends the 
 order against attacks made on it by "the in- 
 vaders of our secular dominions." "We 
 often apply to the Fathers of the Company of 
 Jesus and entrust them with various Interests, 
 more especially those appertaining to the holy 
 ministry ; and they have continually shown 
 more and more of that laudable affection and 
 zeal in their fulfilment, for which our prede- 
 cessors often had occasion to praise them 
 largely. But this most just attachment and 
 esteem which we entertain for this order — so 
 well-merited from the Church of Christ, the 
 Holy See, and the Christian community in 
 general — is far from the abject servility attri- 
 buted to us by the scoffers, whose calumny we 
 disdainfully reject from us, as well as from the 
 humble devotion of the Fathers." 
 
 — Explosion in the Victoria Pit, Ebbw 
 Vale, Monmouthshire, causing the death of 19 
 out of 30 persons in the works at the time. 
 
 — In the Commons to-day the sitting was 
 chiefly occupied with a debate on the Govern- 
 ment proposal for a Select Committee to inquire 
 into the present disturbed condition of West- 
 meath. Sir Robert Peel, Mr. Osborne, and 
 others, taunting ministers for seeking to obstruct 
 free inquiry. - On a division the Committee was 
 carried by 256 to 1 75 votes. 
 
 — Explosion of the powder arsenal at 
 Morges, causing the death 'of twenty soldiers 
 engaged at the time in withdrawing bullets 
 from the French cartridges. 
 
 3. — ^The German soldiers begin to leave 
 Paris on their march homeward, Count Bis- 
 marck having obtained from Jules Favre, in the 
 forenoon, official intimation of the Treaty being 
 ratified by the Bordeaux Assembly. The Em- 
 peror telegraphed from Versailles to Berlin : — 
 " I have just ratified the conclusion of peace, 
 it having been accepted yesterday by the Na- 
 tional Assembly in Bordeaux. Thus far is the 
 great work complete, which by seven months' 
 victorious battles has been achieved, thanks to 
 the valour, devotion, and endurance of our 
 incomparable army in all its parts, and the 
 willing sacrifices of the whole Fatherland. The 
 Lord of Hosts has everywhere visibly blessed 
 cur enterprises, and therefore by His mercy 
 has permitted this honourable peace to be 
 achieved. To Him be the honour ; to the 
 army and the Fatherland I render thanks from 
 a heart deeply moved." This telegram was 
 publidy read at Berlin amid salvoes of artillery 
 3 
 
 and peals from the church bells. The city was 
 illuminated and an enthusiastic reception given 
 to the Empress and Princesses. 
 
 3. — Acting under the advice of his medical 
 adviser, Mr. Childers retires from the Admi- 
 ralty and is succeeded by Mr. Goschen. Mr. 
 Stansfeld afterwards succeeded to the Poor 
 Law Board, and Mr. Baxter became Secretary 
 to the Treasury. 
 
 — Destructive earthquake at Tanglandang 
 Island, one of the Sanguir group in the Malay 
 Archipelago, the sea rising to a great height 
 and sweeping hundreds of the inhabitants off 
 the streets and plantations on the coast. 
 
 4. — Commenced in the Commons, a debate 
 on the proposal for a second reading of the 
 Army Regulation Bill, Col. Lindsay moving 
 that the expenditure necessary for the National 
 Defences did not at present justify any vote of 
 public money for the extinction of purchase. 
 
 — Died at Haverstock Hill, aged 98, Lewis 
 Doxat, connected with the Morning Chronicle 
 in the early part of this century, and for fifty 
 years editor of the Observer. 
 
 6. — The Pope congratulates the Emperor of 
 Germany on the assumption of the Imperial 
 dignity as an event likely to be beneficial to all 
 Europe. "We return your Majesty, however, 
 special thanks for the expression of your friend- 
 ship for us, as we may hope that it will not in- 
 considerably contribute to the protection of the 
 liberty and the rights of the Catholic religion. 
 On the other hand, we request your Majesty 
 to be convinced that we shall neglect nothing 
 by which, when the opportunity presents itself, 
 we may be useful to your Majesty." 
 
 • — The ex-Emperor writes from Wilhelms- 
 hbhe, protesting against the deposition of his 
 dynasty as unjust and illegal — "Unjust, be- 
 cause, when war was declared, the feeling of 
 the nation, roused by causes independent of 
 my wish, produced a general and irresistible 
 enthusiasm ; illegal, because the Assembly, 
 elected for the sole object of concluding a 
 peace, has exceeded its powers in dealing with 
 questions beyond its competence, and because, 
 even were it a Constituent Assembly, it would 
 have no power to substitute its own will for 
 that of the nation. The example of the past 
 confirms this. The opposition of the Consti- 
 tuent Assembly, in 1848, yielded to the elec- 
 tions of the loth of December, and in 1851 the 
 nation, by upwards of seven millions of votes, 
 supported me against the Legislative Assembly. 
 Political feeling cannot overcome right, and in 
 France the basis of all legitimate government 
 is the plebiscite. Beyond it there is only usui-^ 
 pation by some for the oppression of the rest. 
 I am ready, therefore, to submit to the free 
 expression of the national will, but to it only. 
 In the presence of lamentable events, which 
 impose on everyone self-denial and disinterest- 
 edness, I could have desired to remain silent, 
 B 2 
 
MARCH 
 
 1871. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 but the declarations of the Assembly compel 
 me to protest in the name of truth disregarded 
 and national rights despised." 
 
 6. — First bankruptcy trial by jury under the 
 new Act — Emanuel, jewellers, v. Talbot. 
 Verdict for plaintiff by consent. 
 
 — The Marquis of Salisbury introduces, 
 but withdraws, after debate,, a motion regarding 
 the foreign guarantees- of the British Govern- 
 ment, and the deficiency of the naval and mili- 
 tary forces of the country. What other people 
 thought of us, he said, was shown by the con- 
 duct of Russia, Prussia, and the United States, 
 the first of whom tore up a treaty in our face, 
 the second concluded a peace on indefensible 
 terms and in contempt of our views, while the 
 third openly received and honoured those whom 
 we had cast out as rebels. To maintain guaran- 
 tees extending over Europe and even into other 
 hemispheres, we had only a small army and a 
 fie t, which, since the Declaration of Paris, 
 was valueless except for the defence of our 
 own shores. — Earl Granville maintained that 
 our armaments were sufficient to support our 
 pnlicy, and that at no time had the influence of 
 this country in Continental politics been greater. 
 
 — ■ Public intimation given of the sale to 
 Government, for 70,000^, of Sir Robert Peel's 
 fine collection of paintings by old masters, in- 
 cluding the well-known " Chapeau de Faille," 
 and the finest Holbein in existence. They were 
 soon afterwards arranged and hung upon the 
 walls of the National Gallery. 
 
 — Died, aged 45, Henry Blackett, head of 
 the publishing firm of Hurst and Blackett. 
 
 7. — -In reply to Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Gladstone 
 states that Government had not been informed 
 of any treaty negotiated last year between 
 Prussia and Russia regarding the late war, and 
 consequently Mr. Odo Russell had received no 
 instructions on the point when sent to Versailles. 
 Replying in similar terms to Lord Carnarvon 
 on the 9th, Earl Granville ventured to ask, in 
 return, if her Majesty's Opposition had any 
 knowledge of the treaty in question. 
 
 — The freehold of White's Club Tlouse, 
 St. James's Street, sold at the Auction Mart 
 for 46,000/. 
 
 8. — The condition of Paris reported to be 
 uneasy and threatening, the streets crowded 
 with men in uniform, and the heights of Mont- 
 niartre still in possession of the disaffected 
 portion of the National Guard, with guns dis- 
 posed so that they commanded the whole city. 
 ' The insurgents may at any moment drop a 
 shell in the Tuileries, the Hotel de Ville, the 
 Palais Royal, or any of the crowded boulevards. 
 The respectable portion of the press and the 
 people b^gin to cry aloud for, the subversion of 
 the Government of Moptmartre, Troops of the 
 -line are pouring into Pfiris ; but the party of 
 order does not trust thcro-^tlie party of disorder 
 does not fear them. Some soldiers are already 
 to be seen at Montmartre fraternizing," 
 4 
 
 8. — A report on the elections in Algeria sub- 
 mitted to the National Assembly. Gambetta, 
 Andrien, and Colas were declared duly elected ; 
 but with respect to the fourth. General Gari- 
 baldi, the reporter proposed that, as he had al- 
 ready given in his resignation, a fresh election 
 should take place. Suddenly a member rose 
 and exclaimed that Garibaldi had no right to 
 sit in a French Assembly, a declaration which 
 brought M. Victor Hugo to his feet, exclaiming 
 " that when all Europe had abandoned France, 
 one man came forward ; but he was a power in 
 himself. He came and fought, and was the 
 only general who was not conquered." This 
 speech encountered the loudest interruptions, 
 and the tumult was such that Victor Hugo in 
 vain endeavoured to obtain a further hearing. 
 At length he exclaimed : " Three weeks ago 
 you refused to Jlsten to Garibaldi ; you now 
 refuse to listen to me. I give in my resigna- 
 tion." Frantic applause on the Left foUov. ed 
 this declaration, and Victor Hugo procee ;ed 
 to confirm his words in writing.- 
 
 — The monitor ship Glutton, commenced 
 in 186S, from designs by Mr. Reed, undocked 
 at Chatham, Miss Scott, daughter of the Dean 
 of Rochester, performing the christening. 
 
 9. — Russian Five per Cent. Loan of 
 12,000,000/. issued at about 8oj net. It was 
 attempted to raise a popular feeling against 
 this loan, but much more than the amount re- 
 quired was subscribed. A protest circulated on 
 the Stock Exchange gave the following reasons 
 for objecting to the loan: — I. The Conference 
 is now sitting in London to consider the con- 
 duct of Russia in the matter of the Treaty of 
 1856. 2. The question raised by Prince Gor- 
 tschakoff was, in the opinion of her Majesty's 
 envoy, Mr. Odo Russell, of a nature in its 
 present state to compel us, with or without 
 allies, to go to war with Russia. 3. Under 
 these circumstances, as good citizens and loyal 
 subjects of our Queen, we consider that to 
 supply Russia with means which might be used 
 for aggressive purposes is most unpatriotic, and 
 until the Conference has concluded its sittings 
 in every way to be condemned. 
 
 — A party of French sailors excite a dis- 
 turbance at the Column of July by fastening 
 a tri-coloured flag round the s'.atue of Liberty 
 on the top. 
 
 — Riotous proceedings at Zurich, origi- 
 nating in a meeting held by Germans in the 
 Town-hall to celebrate the restoration of 
 peace. 
 
 10. — The National Assembly, by a majority 
 of 461 to 104 votes, resolve to remove from 
 Bordeaux to Versailles. Speaking of the situa. 
 tion of Paris in the debate which preceded the 
 division, M. Thiers said the action of a certain 
 part of the population did not originally 
 amount to anything culpable, because it was 
 directed against the Prussians. It had, how- 
 
RIAKCH 
 
 187I. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 ever, degenerated into a culpable and factious 
 attitude, but the Government hoped to be able 
 to bring back the deluded people, and to avoid 
 civil war. " As regards myself and my col- 
 |leagues," said M. Thiers, "we are all of one 
 mind. If the peace should be disturbed, you 
 may count on our patriotism to repress disturb- 
 ances vpith the utmost energy. We shall never 
 fail in this, but let us hope that this extremity, 
 which has been momentarily feared in France, 
 win be finally avoided. If we can avoid the 
 shedding of blood, we shall consider it an 
 honour to have done so." 
 
 10.— Gustave Flourens and M. Duvome 
 sentenced to death by a council of war for 
 taking part in the riots of Oct. 31. 
 
 11. — The Sun newspaper, established in 
 1792, discontinued. 
 
 — Holker Hall, near Ulverstone, a seat 
 of the Duke of Devonshire, nearly destroyed 
 by fire. 
 
 —The American Senate confirms the re- 
 moval of Mr. Sumner from the chairmanship 
 of the Foreign Affairs Committee. 
 
 — Fire at Tooting, causing the death of 
 an aged couple, Mr. and Mrs. Binfield, who 
 were found suffocated in their room. 
 
 13. — Died, aged 70, Madame Bonaparte- 
 Wyse, widow of Sir Thomas Wyse, and 
 daughter of Lucien Bonaparte. 
 
 — The Black Sea Conference terminates 
 its labours by agreeing to a treaty abrogating 
 the restrictions imposed in 1856, and permitting 
 the Porte to receive ships of war of friendly 
 and allied Powers, in case the Porte should 
 deem it necessary to do so in order to ensure 
 the execution of the stipulation of the Treaty 
 of Paris. The treaty also provided for the pro- 
 longation of the European Commission of the 
 Danube for twelve years, for the continual 
 neutrality of the works already created or to 
 be created by the Commission, and reserved 
 the right of the Porte as a territorial Power to 
 send ships of war into the Danube. 
 
 14. — Trades Union Bill read a second 
 time. 
 
 . 16. — Died, at St. Andrew's, aged 38, Dr. 
 M'Gill, Professor of Hebrew in the University 
 of St. Andrew's, and a member of the Bible 
 Revision Committee. 
 
 17. — After a debate extending over five 
 nights, the Army Regulation Bill is read a 
 second time. 
 
 — The Emperor William arrives at Berlin, 
 and is received with great rejoicings. 
 
 — Mr. J. A. Froude, the new Rector of 
 St. Andrew's University, addresses the students 
 on the subject of " Calvinism." 
 
 — Died, at St. Andrew's, aged 69, Robert 
 Ch.iinbers, LL.D,, autliorand publisher. 
 
 17. — Earthquake shocks experienced in 
 Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Durham. 
 
 18. — Revolutionary outbreak in Paris. 
 Early this morning a Government proclama- 
 tion was issued, announcing that, after having 
 given to the disturbers of public tranquillity 
 time to return to duty and obedience, seeing 
 that no attention was paid to counsels and 
 injunctions, they were now determined to act 
 in the interests of the city and of France. 
 " Those culpable individuals who have pre- 
 tended to institute a Government of their own 
 are about to be given up to justice. Your 
 cannons are about to be returned to the arsenals, 
 and to execute this urgent act of justice and 
 reason the Government counts on your assist- 
 ance." To carry out this determination strong 
 detachments of troops, under the command of 
 Generals Vinoy and Lecomte, were marched 
 in the direction of Montmartre. The artillery- 
 men of the troops mounted the hill, armed with 
 their muskets, and engaged in parley with the 
 officers in command, who made no opposition 
 to the cannon being taken away. Mean- 
 time, the rappel sounded through the neigh- 
 bourhood, and brought out great numbers of 
 disaffected National Guards. Rushing upon 
 the caunon, they were received with shots, 
 when some of the Guards and a woman and 
 child fell. After this words were exchanged 
 between the National Guards and the sol- 
 diers, the ranks broke up, and they went off 
 to fraternise and drink together. The 88th 
 regiment joining the insurgents, seduced other 
 troops of the line, and all together made an 
 attack on the gendarmerie posted on the Place 
 Pigal. The officer in command here drew his 
 sword, and ordered his men to fire, but he was 
 shot down, and his detachment thereupon with- 
 drew. In a state of wild agitation the insur- 
 gents, now complete masters of the butte Mont- 
 martre, rushed upon General Lecomte, whom 
 Vinoy, Military Governor of Paris, had placed 
 in command of the faithless 88th regiment. 
 He was led, amid circumstances of gross indig- 
 nity, to the Rue des Rosiers, where he was 
 joined, later in the day, by General Clement 
 Thomas, who had ventured there, in plain 
 clothes, to look after his comrade. These two 
 generals were shot in a small garden adjoining 
 the place of detention without trial, not, so far 
 as could be learned, by the National Guard, 
 but by infuriated soldiers, aided hy some 
 Mobiles who bore a grudge against General 
 Thomas on account of the severity of his dis- 
 cipline during the siege. It was afterwards 
 said that at the last moment General Lecomte, 
 till then dignified and resolute, felt his courage 
 fail. He tried to struggle, to fly, he ran several 
 steps in the garden; then, instantly retaken, 
 shaken, dragged, hustled; he fell on his knees 
 and spoke ot his children. " I have five ! " 
 said he, sobbing. The father's heart burst 
 through the soldier's tunic. There were fathers 
 in that crowd, and some voices replied with 
 emotion to this heart-stirring appesd ; but the 
 implacable linesmen would not hear a -.vorc\. 
 
 5. 
 
MARCH 
 
 187I. 
 
 MARCM' 
 
 " If we do not shoot him to-day, he will have us 
 shot to-morrow." He was pushed against the 
 wall. A sergeant of the line almost immedi- 
 ately advanced towards him. " General," said 
 he, " if you will promise— — -" Suddenly 
 changing his mind, he stepped two paces back 
 and discharged his Chassepot full in the Gene- 
 ral's chest. The others had only to finish the 
 deed. Clement Thomas never showed a mo- 
 ment's weakness. His back against the same 
 wall as Lecomte, but two paces from his corpse, 
 he made head against death to the end, and 
 spoke very harshly. When the guns were 
 lowered, he by an instinctive gesture placed 
 his left arm before his face ; and this old Re- 
 publican died in the attitude of Csesar. Later 
 in the day the insurgents took possession of the 
 I]6tel de Ville, the Ministere de Justice, and 
 the military head-quarters in the Place Ven- 
 d8me. Barricades also began to appear in all 
 directions. A proclamation signed by " The 
 Central Committee of the National Guards " 
 was posted up in the afternoon : — " Citizens, 
 The French people, until the attempt was 
 made to impose upon it by force an impossible 
 calm, has awaited without fear and without 
 provocation the shameful fools who desired to 
 touch the Republic. This time our brothers of 
 the army would not raise their hands against 
 the arch of our liberties. Thanks to all, and 
 that you and P'rance have proclaimed the Re- 
 public, with all its consequences, the only 
 Government which can close for ever the era 
 of invasions and civil wars. The state of siege 
 is raised. The people of Paris are convoked 
 in their comitia for the communal elections. 
 The security of all citizens is assured by the 
 co-operation of the National Guard." At ten 
 o'clock at night an eye-witness writes : — " The 
 rebels are gaining upon the town point by 
 point. They have come down from Mont- 
 martre and taken possession of the Prince 
 Eugene barracks ; they have planted the red 
 flag on the column of the Bastille ; we are ex- 
 pecting them on the boulevards every hour; half 
 Paris is in their hands ; and when we wake in the 
 morning we expect that the town will be under 
 the Government of the Red Republic. Private 
 persons are in consternation, and the Govern- 
 ment offices are in the greatest anxiety. On 
 the exterior boulevards hardly any civilians are 
 to be seen — none but armed men ; and those 
 few civilians who venture out in this quarter 
 are immediately followed and suspected of being 
 police spies. With the help of lanterns, the 
 msurgents (it is now ten o'clock at night) are 
 busily engaged in erecting barricades. The 
 barricade at the top of the Rue Rocheehouart 
 is becoming quite formidable. The makers 
 of the barricades encourage themselves with 
 solemn oaths that they will die rather than sur- 
 render." 
 
 IS, — Dr. Payne Smith installed as Dean of 
 Canterbury, in succession to Dr. Alford. 
 
 — The Paris elections were to have taken 
 place to-day, but the Mayors put aside the 
 6 
 
 action of the Committee till the consent of the 
 National Assembly could be obtained. The 
 Paris press also published a joint declaration 
 counselling the electors not to vote. The Com- 
 mittee thereupon deferred their election scheme 
 till the 22nd, seizing in the interim such of the 
 mairies as were not already in their power. 
 
 18. — Died, aged 64, Professor Augustus De 
 Morgan, an eminent authority in mathematical 
 science. 
 
 — • The Queen of the TTiames steamer lost 
 near Cape Agulhas, on her homeward voyage, 
 after making a trip of only 58 days to Sydney, 
 the shortest known. 
 
 20. — The " Central Committee " issue an 
 official organ, with a manifesto declaring that 
 it is the offspring of the free expression of the 
 suffrage on the part of 215 battalions of the 
 National Guard. It repels the accusation 
 brought against the Committee of being the 
 promoter of disorder, for it says the National 
 Guard which directs it has shown itself im- 
 posing and strong by the vrisdom and modera- 
 tion of its conduct. The manifesto further 
 accuses the Government of having calumniated 
 Paris, and of having incited the provinces 
 against the capital. It adds : — " The Govern- 
 ment has endeavoured to impose a commander- 
 in-chief iipon you, it has sought by nocturnal 
 attempts to deprive us of our cannon, and has 
 finally intended to take from Paris her crown 
 of capital of France." A second proclama- 
 tion fixed the election to "The Communal 
 Council of Paris " for the 22nd (afterwards de- 
 ferred to the 26th), and a third intimated that 
 the Committee would, after the elections, lay 
 down its provisional power in the hands of the 
 people. 
 
 — The Emperor Napoleon arrives at 
 Dover from Ostend, and receives a hearty 
 reception as he passed up the quay with the 
 Empress to the Lord Warden Hotel. They 
 proceeded to Chislehurst in the afternoon. 
 
 — The French Assembly meets at Versailles 
 for the first time. 
 
 — M. Rouher, ex-Minister of the Empire, 
 mobbed at Boulogne, and afterwards placed in 
 arrest at the H6tel de Ville. 
 
 — Died, at Heidelberg, aged 66, Pro- 
 fessor George Gottfried Gervinus, historian, and 
 Liberal politician. 
 
 21. — The German Reichstag opened by the 
 Emperor in person. He described its first duty 
 to be the healing as much as possible of the 
 wounds inflicted by war, and the commence- 
 inent of those works by which the representa- 
 tives of the German people sought to fulfil the 
 mission entrusted to them by the Constitution. 
 
 — Marriage of the Marquis of Lome and 
 the Princess Louise in St. George's Chapel, 
 Windsor. 
 
 — Sir Henry Bulwer gazetted Baron Dalling, 
 and Sir William Mansfield, Baron Sandhurst. 
 
MARCH 
 
 1871. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 21.— The Government of Versailles issue a 
 circular to prefects declaring the news from all 
 parts of France to be entirely reassuring. 
 " Disorder is nowhere triumphant. In Paris 
 the citizens are organising the suppression of 
 the insurrection. At Versailles the National 
 Assembly and the Government have collected 
 an army of 45,000 trustworthy troops around 
 them, and are masters of the situation to-day. 
 The National Assembly yesterday held its first 
 sitting, showing itself calm, united, and resolute. 
 Jointly with the Executive power, it formed a 
 committee upon the measures demanded by the 
 circumstances. A proclamation will be shortly 
 published to the people. Lille, Lyons, Mar- 
 seilles, and Bordeaux are tranquil. You may 
 publish this news to the people. It is strictly 
 true, for the Government which communicates 
 it is a truthful Government. Let it be well 
 understood that every Government agent who 
 tries to make terms with disorder will be prose- 
 cuted, and will forfeit his position. — Thiers." 
 
 -^ The insurgent Journal Officiel demands 
 that Paris shall not be separated from the pro- 
 vinces, nor the provinces from her. " Paris 
 has been, is still, and must definitely remain 
 the capital of France, the head and heart of the 
 Democratic Republic one and indivisible. Paris 
 has, therefore, an unquestionable right to pro- 
 ceed with the elections of the Communal Coun- 
 cil, to govern herself as becomes every demo- 
 cratic city, and to protect herself, supported by 
 the National Guards, composed of all citizens 
 electing their own chiefs by universal suffrage. 
 The Central Committee of the National Guard, 
 in talcing the necessary measures for the estab- 
 lishment of a Paris Communal Council and the 
 elections of all the chiefs of the National Guards, 
 has, therefore, taken very wise and most indis- 
 pensable measures. It is now the duty of the 
 electors and of the National Guard to support 
 the decisions of the Government to assure the 
 safety of France and the future of the Republic, 
 in returning by their votes proved and devoted 
 Republicans. To-morrow they will hold their 
 fate in their own hands, and we are already 
 convinced they will make a proper use of their 
 rights. Let Paris deliver France and save the 
 Republic. (Signed) The Delegates of the 
 , ' Official Journal.' " 
 
 22. — The Party of Order in Paris muster in 
 large numbers and march to the Place Vendome, 
 ' where an interview is held with insurgent lead- 
 ers, ending in the latter causing the National 
 Guards to fire on the defenceless people. Ten 
 were said to be killed. The " Central Com- 
 mittee" officially explained this outrage as hav- 
 ing its origin in an attack made upon the Guards 
 after the Party of Order had been asked to 
 retire. 
 
 — The Emperor William's 75tli birth- 
 day celebrated at Berlin with unusual splendour, 
 Count Bismarck, on the occasion, being created 
 a Prince, and Count Moltke presented with the 
 Order of the Iron Cross, 
 
 22.— M. Jules Favre reads in the Assembly 
 a letter from Count Bismarck, complaining that 
 the telegi-aph which the Germans want to use has 
 been cut at Pantin, and requiring its restoration 
 in twentyfour hours. Count Bismarck stated, 
 moreover, that the condition of things in Paris 
 offers scarcely any chance of the engagements 
 entered into with Germany being kept, and that 
 if the emeute be not put down forthwltli Paris 
 will be bombarded. M. Jules Favre said he had 
 begged for time, in order that innocent people 
 might not suffer, and had told General P'abrice 
 that the emeute was a surprise, and that all 
 France was faithful, but he gave it to be under- 
 stood that if Paris did not submit he would con- 
 cert with the Prussians in subduing it. The 
 reading of the letter gave rise to great excite- 
 ment. 
 
 23. — Found dead in his bed. Dr. Karl 
 Schultzensteim, aged 73, German botanist and 
 physiologist. 
 
 — Garibaldi elected General-in-Chief of 
 France by the " Central Committee." At 
 Versailles the Mayors of Paris appear in the 
 Assembly, wearing their scarfs of office, to 
 demand that permanent communication be 
 opened up with the capital, but the tumult Was 
 so great that nothing could be settled. Two 
 days later a communication to the same effect 
 was laid on the table of the Assembly. 
 
 24. — Commenting, in the Lords, on the 
 Tien-tsin Massacre, Lord Carnarvon attributed 
 the outbreak to ill-feeling against foreigners 
 generally, coantenanced and encouraged by 
 the local authorities. Earl Granville admitted 
 that the massacre was wholly unjustifiable, but 
 pointed out that the conduct of the Catholic 
 missionaries was apt to excite misapprehensions 
 among a jealous and irritable people like the 
 Chinese. There could be no doubt about the 
 prejudice of the people against foreigners, but 
 the moral he drew from that was the necessity 
 of avoiding hostile language as far as possible, 
 and of showing toleration for habits and cus- 
 toms handed down from generation to genera- 
 tion, which must necessarily take much time 
 and patience to eradicate. 
 
 25. — Vice- Chancellor Stuart retires from the 
 Court of Chancery. He was succeeded by Mr. 
 Wickens. 
 
 26. — Fire in a house in Pavilion Road, 
 Chelsea, causing the death of Mrs. Winsor and 
 four of her children.— At Blackburn, a few 
 hours earlier, Mrs. Kilner and two assistant 
 female confectioners were burnt to death. 
 
 . — Paris elections take place, about 14.0,000 
 voting for the men on the lists of the Central 
 Committee, and 60,000 for their opponents. 
 Flourens, Blanqui, Felix Pyat, and Gambon, 
 were among the elected. In abdicating its func- 
 tions, to-day, the Committee advised the people 
 to avoid those whom fortune has too greatly 
 favoured, for it but seldom happens that he 
 who possesses fortune is willing to look upon the 
 working-man as. a brother. " Seek men with 
 
 7 
 
MARCH 
 
 1871. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 sincere convictions; men of the people, resolute 
 and active, who are well known for their sense 
 of justice and honesty. Give your preference 
 to those who do not canvass for your suffrages ; 
 the only true merit is modesty; it is for the 
 electors to know their men, not for the candi- 
 dates themselves to come forward. We are 
 convinced that you will take note of these 
 observations, and you will at last have inaugu- 
 rated a truly popular representation ; you will 
 thus have found representatives who will never 
 consider themselves your masters. " A few of 
 the more active members of the " Central Com- 
 mittee " now formed themselves into a " Sub- 
 committee," ultimately the real body in which 
 the power of the Communal Assembly centred. 
 
 27. — The House of Lords reject the Mar- 
 riage with a Deceased Wife's Sister Bill by 97 
 to 71 votes. 
 
 — Mr. Goschen introduces the Navy Esti- 
 mates ; the sum required for the year being 
 9,756,356/., an increase, as compared with 
 last year, of 385,000/. 
 
 — The Emperor Napoleon visits the Queen 
 at Windsor Castle. Her Majesty returned the 
 visit by proceeding to Chislehurst on the 3rd 
 April. 
 
 — At a meeting in the Mansion House the 
 Lord Mayor announces that the Captain Relief 
 Fund now amounted to 54,000/. 
 
 28. — The Commune proclaimed in Paris 
 in front of the Hotel de Ville. The members 
 of the Communal Council assembled on a plat- 
 form fronting the great entrance of Henry IV., 
 over which was placed a bust representing 
 the Republic, wearing a Cap of Liberty, orna- 
 mented with red ribbons and flags. Numerous 
 speeches were delivered, but amidst the hum of 
 the crowd of National Guards who filled the 
 square they were not much heard. Salvoes of 
 artillery were also fired from a battery on the 
 quayT The Journal Ojfficiel had previously 
 announced that Paris, " federated with the 
 Communes of France already enfranchised, 
 ought in her own name and in the names of 
 Lyons and Marseilles, and soon, perhaps, of 
 the other large towns, to study the clauses of 
 the contract which ought to bind them to the 
 nation, and to lay down an ultimatum to the 
 treaty which they intend to sign. The ulti- 
 matum ought to contain a guarantee for their 
 autonomy and reconquered municipal sove- 
 reignty, should secure free play for the connec- 
 tion existing between the Commune ; and the 
 representatives of the national unity should 
 impose upon the Assembly, if it accepts the 
 treaty, the promulgation of an Electoral law by 
 which the representatives of the town shall not 
 for the future be absorbed, and, as it were, 
 ■drowned by the representatives of the country 
 districts." Direct incitement was at the same 
 time given to assassinate the Duke d'Aumale. 
 ■'' Society (writes Citizen Vaillant) has but one 
 duty towards these Princes — Death ! But one 
 formality is required— the proof of identity. 
 
 The D'Orleans are in France ; the Bonapartes 
 desire to return. Let good citizens think of 
 it." The red flag was now hoisted on all 
 public buildings. 
 
 28. — Declining the offer made to command 
 the National Guard of the Commune, Garibaldi 
 writes from Caprera : — " Choose a single trust- 
 worthy citizen — and you are not without them 
 — Victor Hugo, Louis Blanc, Felix Pyat, as 
 well as Edgar Quinet and the other veterans of 
 radical democracy can serve you. Generals 
 Cremer and Billot, who, I perceive, have your 
 confidence, may count among the number. 
 Remember well, however, that one single 
 trustworthy man ought to be entrusted with 
 the supreme position with full powers. This 
 man will choose other honourable men to aid 
 in the rough task of saving the country. And, 
 if you have the good fortune to find a Wash-, 
 i^gton, France will rise from her shipwreck in 
 a little time greater than ever." 
 
 29. — Died, aged 52, Louise, Queen of 
 Sweden. 
 
 — The London School Board discuss a 
 motion submitted by Professor Huxley for 
 restricting Bible-reading in elementary schools 
 to selections submitted to and approved by the 
 Board. An amendment was proposed by the 
 Rev. Prebendary Thorold directing the Com- 
 mittee on the Scheme of Education to select 
 for approval a course of Bible readings, and 
 giving instructions to the teachers to choose spe- 
 cial passages as occasion might arise. The 
 motion and also the amendment were rejected. 
 
 — Died, aged 74, Imam Schamyl, the active 
 opponent of Russia in the Caucasus. 
 
 — The Royal Albert Hall of Arts and 
 Sciences opened by the Queen, who was re- 
 ceived, on entering, by the Prince of Wales as 
 President of the Provisional Committee. A 
 Biblical Cantata, composed for the occasion 
 by Sir M. Costa, was afterwards given with 
 great effect. Eight thousand people were said 
 to be within the building on this occasion. 
 
 30. — Mr. Dilke's motion expressing regret 
 that Government assented to a conference on 
 the Black Sea question under the circumstances 
 disclosed in Prince Gortschakoif's note, nega- 
 tived, after debate, without a division. 
 
 — The official organ of the Commune pub- 
 lishes a decree abolishing the conscription, and 
 declaring that no central force, with the excep- 
 tion of the National Guard, can be created or 
 introduced into Paris. All able-bodied citizens 
 to form part of the National Guard. Another 
 decree grants a general remission of rent to 
 lodgers from October 1870 until Apiil 1871. 
 The amounts paid during those seven months 
 will be reckoned on for the months to come. 
 The sale of all articles deposited at the Mont 
 de Piete is suspended. Another decree directs 
 all officials in the public offices to regard from 
 henceforth as null and void all orders or com- 
 munications emanating from the Government 
 
APRIL 
 
 1871. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 at Versailles. Every official not conforming to 
 this decree will be immediately dismissed. 
 Another of the many decrees now being issued 
 almost hourly prohibited chaplains from cele- 
 brating mass In the prisons to which they were 
 attached. The Gauloh afterwards mentioned 
 that the Governor of one of the prisons, yield- 
 ing to the importunities of a dying prisoner, 
 made an exception, and gave a priest a pass 
 thus worded : — •" These presents are to autho- 
 rise the Governor to allow the visit to prisoner 
 
 A- of the Citizen B — — , who says he is the 
 
 servant of somebody called God [le nomme 
 Dieu]." 
 
 30. — Tried at Kingston Assizes, before the 
 Lord Chief Justice, thecaseof Goldschmidtw. the 
 printer of Public Opinion^ in which journal had 
 been inserted a libellous paragraph from a New 
 York paper, imputing wasteful extravagance 
 and domestic infelicity to the plaintiff, the 
 husband of Jenny Lind. Verdict for the plain- 
 tiff, damages 750/., the foreman of the jury 
 adding that they felt that no amount of damages 
 could compensate for so iniquitous a libel. 
 
 31. — The gates on the western side of Paris 
 closed, in consequence, it was said, of the 
 Assembly's troops mustering in great force at 
 Neuilly and St. Cloud. 
 
 — M. Felix Pyat, in the Vengeur, to-day, 
 rejoices that Paris has not returned a single 
 moderate, temperate, or conciliatory man to 
 the Commune, and no old men, with the 
 exception of himself and two others. He then 
 banters the National Assembly in language 
 unfit for translation, adding they dare not 
 attack Paris, but they isolate it, starve it, and 
 cut off its work and provisions ; they annul the 
 elections and empty the Bank and the Treasury ; 
 they arm the peasants, and call to their aid the 
 Bretons of Trochu, the Vendeans of Charette, 
 and the Chouans of Cathelineau to aid the 
 Prussians. Citizen Pyat recommended a visit 
 to Versailles. 
 
 April 1 . — University Boat-race won by Cam- 
 bridge by a length. 
 
 — Engagement between the troops of Ver- 
 sailles and the Commune at Courbevoie, from 
 which place the latter were ultimately shelled 
 out by field pieces on Mont Valerien. In the 
 evening M. Thiers issued a manifesto declaring 
 that France — Paris excepted — was entirely 
 pacified. In Paris the Commune, already 
 divided, endeavours to spread everywhere false 
 news, and pillages the public purse. It is in a 
 doubtful position and a horror to the Parisians, 
 who wait with impatience the moment of their 
 deliverance. The National Assembly, rallying 
 round the Government, is sitting peaceably at 
 Versailles, where it is organising one of the 
 finest armies which France has ever possessed. 
 Good citizens, then, may reassure themselves, 
 and hope for the approaching end of a crisis 
 which has been sad, but short. They may be 
 
 certain that they will not be left ignorant of 
 passing events, and that when the Government 
 is silent, it is only because it has nothing grave 
 or interesting to communicate. 
 
 3. — Noisy meeting in St. James's Hall, pre- 
 sided over by Mr. Chambers, M. P., to protest 
 against the unconstitutional policy of the House 
 of Lords in rejecting bills repeatedly passed by 
 the Commons, and to demand the removal of 
 the Bishops from Parliament. 
 
 — More fighting before Paris, again to the 
 advantage of the Versailles troops. They were 
 observed to treat the captured Communists 
 with marked severity. Gustave Flourens was 
 among the killed, and Duval taken prisoner 
 and shot Wild with rage at the defeat and 
 slaughter of their leaders, the Communist party 
 now set about schemes for making reprisals, 
 and placed many in prison to await their plea- 
 sure in this respect. 
 
 — Died, at Postford House, Surrey, aged 
 74, Sir William Magnay, Bart. , who filled the 
 office of Lord Mayor in 1844, when the Queen 
 opened the Royal Exchange. 
 
 — Mr. Secretary Bruce introduces a Licens- 
 ing Bill, carrying out, as he described, two 
 broad principles: — 1. That the public have a 
 right to a sufficient number of respectably con- 
 ducted houses ; and 2. That all vested interests 
 should be fairly considered. 
 
 — Mr. Goschen introduces two bills on the 
 subject of local taxation, designed to provide a 
 uniform system of local government throughout 
 England and Wales (the metropolis excepted), 
 and to secure uniformity of rating. The three 
 main features of his scheme were to popularise 
 the character and increase the efficiency of rural 
 institutions by the establishment of parochial 
 boards, presided over by an elective chairman, 
 and furnishing representative members, to be 
 associated with the magistrates in the adminis- 
 tration of county affairs ; to give a measure of 
 relief to tenants by a division of rates between 
 owners and occupiers ; to give a boon, especi- 
 ally to urban ratepayers, by the surrender of 
 the house-tax to local authorities in aid of 
 local taxation. There were also provisions for 
 subjecting to rates certain kinds of local pro- 
 perty, such as mines, woods, and game ; for 
 the assessment on a higher scale of country 
 gentlemen's residences ; for the collection of 
 all rates as one consolidated rate ; and for the 
 simplification of the areas of local taxation. 
 Local expenditure was said to amount to 
 36,000,000/. per annum. 
 
 — In opening the Spanish Cortes, King 
 Amadeo said : — " We shall afford an oppor- 
 tunity for your patriotism to remove the diffi- 
 culties which are surrounding the management 
 of our finances, and to dissipate the appre- 
 hensions of the future. In coming to Spain, I 
 intended to identify on the same soil the in- 
 terests of the realm which has been entrusted 
 to me with that which is dearest to me in tlie 
 
APRIL 
 
 1 87 1. 
 
 APRIL- 
 
 world — my wife and son. The mission en- 
 trusted to me is difficult, but glorious ; perhaps 
 beyond my strength, but not above my will ; 
 and with the help of God I hope to succeed. 
 God knows my intention, and with the co- 
 operation of the Cortes and all good men, 
 which will not fail me, I hope that my efforts 
 will be crowned with the reward of achieving 
 the happiness of the Spanish people." 
 
 3. — Eighth decennial census of the people 
 taken throughout the kingdom. 
 
 4-. — The Economic Museum, Penryn House, 
 Twidienham, destroyed by fire. 
 
 5. — The Commune issue a proclamation to 
 the Parisians regarding the recent engage- 
 ments : — " Every day the banditti of Versailles 
 slaughter or shoot our prisoners, and every 
 hour we learn that another murder has been 
 committed. Those who are guilty of such 
 crimes — you know them ; those are the Gen- 
 darmes of the Empire, the Royalists of Charette 
 and Cathelineau, who are marching on Paris, 
 in shouting ' Vive le Roi ! ' and with a white 
 flag at their head. The Government of Ver- 
 sailles is acting against the laws of warfare and 
 humanity, and we shall be compelled to ma;ke 
 I reprisals should they continue to disregard the 
 usual conditions of warfare between civilised 
 peoples. If our enemies murder a single one 
 of our soldiers we shall reply by ordering the 
 execution of an equal number or double the 
 number of prisoners. The people, even in its 
 anger, detests bloodshed as it detests civil 
 war, but it is its duty to protect itself against 
 the savage attempts of its enemies, and what- 
 ever it may cost, it shall be an eye for an eye, a 
 tooth for a tooth." 
 
 6. — The Princess of Wales gives birth to a 
 son (Alexander John Charles Albert), who died 
 the following day. 
 
 — Decree issued by the Commune setting 
 forth that, as the Government of Versailles had 
 trampled all the laws of humanity under foot, 
 anyone convicted of complicity with it would 
 be imprisoned as hostages of the people of 
 Paris ; and, upon the execution of any prisoner 
 of war or any partisan of the Commune of Paris 
 by the Versailles Government, three of the 
 hostages retained by the people of Paris would 
 be shot. On tlie day the decree appeared the 
 Archbishop of Paris, the Cure of the Madeleine, 
 and a crowd of other ecclesiastics, were lodged 
 in the Conciergerie. The plate and other 
 valuables found in the churches to which the 
 .Commune had been were also s_eized. 
 
 7. — General Cluseret, who had now come 
 to the front as directing the military move- 
 ments of the Commune, reports : — " With 
 regard to the conduct of our troops, the soldiers 
 are excellent, the officers of a mixed character 
 • — some good, some bad. There is much dash, 
 but rather a want of firmness. When the war 
 companies shall have been formed and sepa- 
 rated from the sedentary element, we shall 
 have an army corps d'elile, whose effective 
 
 strength will exceed 100,000 men. I cannot 
 too strongly recommend the Guards to give the 
 utmost attention to the question of the choice 
 of officers. At present the respective positions 
 of the two armies may be summed up thus : 
 The Prussians of Versailles occupy the posi- 
 tions which were held by their allies from 
 beyond the Rhine. We occupy the trenches 
 of Les Moulineaux and the station of Clamart. 
 In fine, our position is that of men who, strong 
 in their good right, await with firmness the 
 attack of the enemy, being satisfied with acting 
 on the defensive In condusion, if our troops 
 retain tlieir sangfroid, and do not waste their 
 ammunition, the enemy will be tired out be- 
 fore us." 
 
 7.— Good Friday news from Paris describe 
 the fighting continued between Neuilly and 
 Courbevoie. At 6.30, p.m., the advantage is 
 reported as slightly resting with the Versailles 
 troops, "who have carried the barricade on 
 the Paris side of Neuilly Bridge, and are also 
 masters of the upper part of the Avenue, but 
 the Communists are still fighting with remark- 
 able courage and tenacity, and have just been 
 sending down the Porte Maillot reinforcements 
 of men and artillery strong enough possibly to 
 turn the fortunes of the day. The excitement 
 in Paris near the quarter in which the fighting 
 is going on is intense. Crowds are assembled 
 round the Arc de Triomphe, and especially at 
 the head of the Avenue de la Grande Armee, 
 from which much of the fighting can be dis- 
 tinctly seen, and which has itself received 
 numerous shells to-day, chiefly from Mont 
 Valerien. A few have fallen in the Avenue 
 Uhrich, and as no house in the neighbourhood 
 is considered safe, the consternation of the in- 
 habitants is very great. On the other hand, 
 in those parts of Paris which are not exposed 
 to the bombardment the prevailing tranquillity 
 is, under the circumstances, extraordinary. 
 People are lounging and promenading in the 
 Champs Elysees, and, but for the incessant 
 marching backwards andforwards of battalions, 
 the boulevards and principal streets would have 
 much the same aspect that they had before the 
 attack on Neuilly began ; yet it is believed 
 generally that the Versailles corps are bent on 
 taking Paris by storm, and not a few expect 
 the assault to be made to-night, possibly with 
 success. " 
 
 — Died, Vice-Admiral Tegethoff, the Aus- 
 trian officer who defeated the Italian navy off 
 Lissa. 
 
 8.— Monument to Ernest Jones, democrat, 
 unveiled in Ardwick cemetery, Manchester. 
 
 — The Republican League declare that Paris 
 has no wish to destroy the work of the great 
 French Revolution. She wishes, it was said, 
 to continue it. " But Paris, during the last 
 twenty years, has been more oppressed than 
 the rest of the country. She wishes now to 
 reconquer her privileges and to affirm her 
 rights. The recent movement is not an insur- 
 rection, but a revolution. It is necessary that 
 
APRIL 
 
 1871. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 the Government should bind itself to abandon 
 all investigations into the facts which have been 
 accomplished since the i8th of March last. 
 It is necessai-y, on the other hand, in order to 
 assure the free expression of universal suffrage, 
 to proceed with the general elections of the 
 Commune of Paris. We require a great and 
 powerful manifestation of public opinion to put 
 an end to the struggle. Let the whole of Paris 
 work with us to-day as she did during the 
 siege, for the salvation of the Republic and of 
 France is at stake. Should the Government of 
 Versailles remain dumb to those legitimate re- 
 vindications, let it be well awai-e that Paris 
 shall rise as one man to defend them." 
 
 8. — M. Thiers, by a threat of resignation, 
 induces the Assembly to rescind a resolution 
 that Mayors should be elected by the Municipal 
 Councils. 
 
 9. — General Dombrbwski appointed Com- 
 mandant of the Commune of Paris, in place of 
 General Bergeret. 
 
 10. — M. JulesFavre protests in the Versailles 
 Assembly against the c£(lumnies brought for- 
 ward " by those who pretend that an under- 
 standing exists between us and the Germans. 
 The documents which will be laid before you 
 will be a proof of our sincerity, and will testify 
 on the contrary that we constantly declined the 
 assistance whiph was offered to us by the Ger- 
 mans. It was also no less important that the 
 position of the German authorities, towards the 
 insurrection should be clearly determined. They 
 have always considered, as did all the other 
 Powers, that the Government issued from uni- 
 versal suffrage was alone legitimate and pre- 
 senting serious guarantees." M. Favre after- 
 wards announced that the insurgents had taken 
 away all the plate at the Foreign Ofifice. " As 
 to ourselves, he concluded, " we shall do our 
 duty, and re-establish order in Paris. Our 
 brave army can rely on our devotion as we can 
 rely on its courage." 
 
 — Marshal MacMahon assumes command 
 of the Versailles army. 
 
 11. — The Marquis of Normanby gazetted 
 Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Queens- 
 land. 
 
 : — Replying to a remonstrance requesting 
 the Bishops to abstain from voting on the de- 
 cision of the Privy Council in the Purchas case, 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury writes : — ■" The 
 chief pastors of our Church are of all men the 
 very last who ought to be requested to set to 
 this nation the example of refusing obedience 
 to the highest tribunals. Such obedience I feel 
 sure you consider to be the duty of all good 
 citizens, and to be especially incumbent on all 
 ministers of Christ, not only in our own Church, 
 ■ but among Nonconformists. And here I will 
 remark that Roman Catholics, and all bodies 
 of Dissenters, are liable to be continually called 
 upon, like ourselves, to submit the terms of 
 their contracts in matters most intimately affect- 
 
 ing their doctrine and discipline, to the decision 
 of the courts of law. This is an obligation from 
 which no section of the community can escape 
 under a well-ordered Government. . . . The 
 rubrics, interpreted by the Supreme Court, 
 form the lawful rule of Divine service to which 
 the clergy are bound to yield a loyal obedience ; 
 but certainly, as a matter of fact, not all the 
 clei^y are expected by their parishioners, or 
 required by their bishops, rigidly to observe 
 every point in the rubrics at all times and under 
 all circumstances. " In conclusion, his grace 
 exhorts his brethren not to be disquieted by 
 any strifes respecting matters affecting the vest- 
 ments or posture of the clergy. " Such things," 
 he says, " cannot touch your teaching pf the 
 Gospel of Christ, or affect the validity of His 
 sacraments. In days when every effort is re- 
 quired to resist ungodliness and infidelity, all 
 our zeal and energy ought to be directed to the 
 promotion of real religion among our people. " 
 
 11. — Another ineiTTectual sortie on the south- 
 em forts of Paris by Versailles troops. It had 
 been anticipated for some time, and was made 
 in such force as furnished ground for believing 
 it would close the protracted strife. Fifteen 
 thousand men, consisting of gendarmes and 
 Pontifical Zouaves, collected during the day in 
 the Meudon woods. The movement was de- 
 tected, and 80,000 Federals drawn up within 
 the line of the forts. General Eudes, who 
 was in command, permitted the enemy to 
 approach to the glacis of the Fort of Issy, when 
 he poured a cross fire from Issy and Montrouge, 
 repulsing the Versailles troops with slaughter. 
 Only four men were killed within the two forts. 
 
 — Earthquake at Bathang, a village in 
 the Chinese province of Szechuen, causing 
 the destruction of two large temples, the 
 offices of the collector of grain tax, the 
 local magistrates' offices, the colonels' offices, 
 the Ting-lin temple, with nearly 700 fathoms 
 of wall around it, and 351 rooms in all, 
 inside; six smaller temples, numbering 221 
 rooms, besides 1,849 rooms and houses of 
 the common people. The number of people 
 killed by the crash, including the soldiers, was 
 2, 298, among whom were the local magistrate 
 and his second in office. The earthquake ex- 
 tended from Bathang eastward to Pang-Chahe- 
 muth, westward to Nan-Tun, on the south to 
 Lintsah-shih, and on the north to the salt wells 
 of Atimtoz, a circuit of over 400 miles. 
 
 — The trustees of Rugby School having 
 had their attention directed to certain com- 
 plaints of want of discipline, adopt a resolution 
 expressive of their opinion that the irregularities 
 referred to were not such as to call for any 
 special interference on their part, or to cause 
 alarm to parents. "Injustice," they said, "to 
 the head-master, they desired to impress on the 
 under-masters generally the necessity of giving, 
 not only a nominal, but a cordial co-operation. " 
 
 12. — M. Guizot writes to the Times that the 
 faults of France cause him more sorrow than 
 
APRIL 
 
 187I. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 her misfortunes ; but he never loses faith in 
 her good qualities, although they may seem to 
 be obliterated by her faults, and he feels sure 
 that the good which is in her will open up infi- 
 nite resources, even when her prospects are 
 darkest. "On the whole," he wrote, "the 
 National Assembly and its Executive have acted 
 with intelligence, prudence, and justice. And 
 now, driven to the last extremity by the folly, 
 crime, and attacks of the insurgents, it opposes 
 them with energy, and has resolved to put an 
 end to the revolution which oppresses Paris, 
 and to render the guilty authors of it powerless. 
 A new and loyal army has gathered round the 
 representatives chosen by France, and gallantly 
 obeys their orders and those of the generals in 
 command. The first efforts of this army have 
 already been crowned with success." 
 
 12. — M.Thiers informs the Prefects that "the 
 army awaits the moment of victory, which will 
 be gained without bloodshed. The insurrection 
 is weary. Delegates have arrived at Versailles. 
 If sent by the Commune they would not have 
 been received, but they were received because 
 they were sincere Republicans of Paris. My 
 answer to them was invariably, ' No one 
 menaces the Republic except assassins. The 
 lives of the insurgents shall be spared. The 
 imfortunate workmen shall temporarily continue 
 to be subsidized. Paris must return into the 
 common municipal law. All secession will be 
 suppressed in France, as was done in America. ' 
 This was my answer." 
 
 — In Buenos Ayres 380 persons are re- 
 ported to have died of yellow fever. The 
 deaths during the week were put down at 
 4,000. 
 
 — Died at Grantchester, Cambridge, aged 
 82, Rev. Edward Pote, M. A., one of the oldest 
 members of the University, having taken his 
 B.A. degree in i8i4with the late Vice-Chan- 
 cellor Kindersley and Mr. Justice Cresswell. 
 
 13. — Died at Dublin, aged 75, Sir Maguire, 
 Brady, Bart., three times Lord Chancellor of 
 Ireland. 
 
 — M. Rochefort, writing in the Mot 
 cfOrdre, defends the "requisition" made by 
 the Commune in Notre Dame : — " We do not 
 hesitate to declare them national property, for 
 the single reason that they proceed from the 
 generosity of those to whom the Church has 
 promised Paradise ; and the promise of ima- 
 ginary returns made to obtain any property is 
 qualified as swindling by every code. . , . 
 ' Your purse or hell ! ' Such is, in the present 
 day, the only programme of the Catholic 
 clergy; and as the French nation no longer 
 believes in hell, it is natural that, in case of 
 need, it should take back the purse." 
 
 14. — Michael Torpey apprehended in a 
 house in Marylebone Road (where he was 
 living with his wife) on the charge of stealing 
 diamonds and jewellery from Messrs. London 
 and Ryder. A portion of the stolen property 
 w. s found in his possession. 
 12 
 
 14.— Died at Jarrow-on-the-Tyne, aged 87, 
 Mrs. Minns, maid and confidante to Lady Byron 
 before and after her marriage, and whose name 
 came up recently in connection with the con- 
 troversy as to the causes which led to the break- 
 ing up of that ill-assorted union. 
 
 15.— Mr. J. R. Davidson, M.P. for Durham 
 city, and Judge-Advocate-General, found dead 
 in his bed at the residence of Mr. St. George 
 Burke, where he had been staying for a few 
 days. This was Mr. Davidson's 45th birth- 
 day. At the election which subsequently took 
 place. Government lost the seat, Mr. Wharton, 
 Conservative, polling 814 votes to Mr. Thomp- 
 son's 776. 
 
 16.— The Westmeath Committee report that, 
 owing to the prevalence of Ribbon Societies in 
 that district, murder and other crimes of the 
 most serious nature have been perpetrated ; 
 and that by reason partly of sympathy with the 
 perpetrators of such crimes, and still more by 
 the terror created by the existence and action 
 of the Societies, it has been found to be almost 
 impossible to obtain evidence on which to 
 bring offenders to justice. 
 
 — Sunday Republican demonstration in 
 Hyde Park to express sympathy with the 
 Parisian Communists. Large numbers — many 
 from curiosity — turned out on the occasion, 
 but the gathering was generally admitted to be 
 a failure. 
 
 — Died at Bray, aged 77, Lord Plunkett, 
 second son of the famous Irish orator, 
 
 — • Died at Bydews, near Maidstone, Rev. 
 Beal Poste, LL.B., archseologlst. 
 
 17. — Captain Chalmers, the senior officer of 
 the Ryde and Portsrriouth Steam Service, com- 
 mits suicide by leaping from the deck of his 
 vessel as she was leaving Ryde Pier. 
 
 — Billiard match in St. James's Hall be- 
 tween Cook, jun. , and Roberts, sen. , the latter 
 receiving a start of 200 in 2,000. Cook won 
 with an unfinished break of 268, including no 
 less than 78 spot strokes, which his opponent 
 had been the chief means of introducing and 
 popularizing. 
 
 — The Versailles army capture the Chateau 
 de Brem after a sharp engagement. 
 
 — M. Louis Blanc writes in the Soir that 
 the solution which he judged and declared 
 " the fittest to save us from the horrors of civil 
 war is that which would consist in the bold 
 proclamation of the Republic by the National 
 Assembly, and in the adoption of a law putting 
 Paris in full and entire possession of her muni- 
 cipal liberties. " 
 
 IS. — At the first meeting of the House, to- 
 day, after the Easter recess, amotion submitted , 
 by Lord Plenry Lennox for a Select Committee 
 to inquire into the causes of the dismissal of 
 Sir Spencer Robinson from the Admiralty was 
 rejected by 153 to 104 votes. 
 
APRIL 
 
 1 8; I. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 18.— rStill refusing assent to the Papal In- 
 fallibility dogma, Dr. Dollinger is formally 
 excommunicated by the Archbishop of Munich. 
 He asked the Archbishop to meet his disobe- 
 dience, not by condemnation, but by admitting 
 him to a conference, either at Fulda, where the 
 German bishops were about . to assemble, or 
 before a body of theologians to be selected by 
 the Archbishop. If in this conference he was 
 convinced of his errors, he was ready both to 
 accept the dogma and to withdraw everything 
 he had written against it. If, however, this 
 conference v^ere allowed him, he expected to 
 prove that the doctrine was contrary to Scrip- 
 ture, and based upon a misconception of 
 the history of the Church and of her traditions. 
 The late Council, Dr. Dollinger further main- 
 tained, enjoyed no freedom of discussion, and 
 no pains were taken to examine authorities. 
 " As a student of history," he said, " I cannot 
 accept it, for as such I know that the persistent 
 endeavour to realize this theory of universal 
 dominion has cost Europe rivers of blood, has 
 disordered whole countries and brought them 
 to ruin, has shattered the beautiful structure of 
 the earUer Church, and in the Church of modern 
 times has generated, nurtured, and maintained 
 the worst abuses. As a citi/en I must reject 
 it, because by its pretensions to the subjection 
 of States and monarchs, and of the whole 
 political system to the Papal power, it leads to 
 endless destructive conflict between Church 
 and State, between clergy and laity. " The re- 
 solution of Dr. Dollinger was approved of in 
 an autograph letter by the King of Bavaria, 
 and many eminent professors in the Roman 
 College. 
 
 — The Emperor of Germany declines the 
 proferred resignation of General Von Steinmetz, 
 and confers upon him the highest dignity in the 
 army. 
 
 — Meeting of London clergy held at Sion 
 College to secure the observance of Ascension 
 Day by the laity as a holiday like Christmas. 
 
 — Died, aged 65, Omer Pasha, Com- 
 ftiander-in-Chief of the Turkish army. 
 
 — Died at Montrose, aged 93, Rev. Dr. 
 Paterson, who had acted as tutor to Lord 
 Byron in his Aberdeen days. 
 
 19. — The Veni>eur, conducted by Felix 
 Pyat, publishes a decree of the Commune for 
 destroying the Vendome Column, its demo- 
 lition to be solemnly performed by military 
 engineers in the presence of the assembled 
 people, the National Guard, and the members 
 of the Commune. It was also suggested that 
 the " History of the Empire " should on the 
 occasion be burned at the foot of the Column 
 by a "Mere de famille." 
 
 — Last night the Versailles troops took 
 the church of Neuilly, and drove the Com- 
 munists back some 150 yards. This morning 
 Dombrowski attempted to rally his men and 
 retake the position. Reinforcements, how- 
 
 ever, arrived of gendarmes and marines, who 
 drove Dombrowski's men still farther back 
 with considerable slaughter, causing them to 
 occupy their most remote barricade at the 
 junction of the Rue Peronnet with the Boule- 
 vard Inkerman. Many of the Communists 
 were killed, being fired at in their flight 
 through the holes in garden walls which they 
 themselves had made in their advance. There 
 was great loss among the officers. The Am- 
 bulance head-quarters at Neuilly was shelled, 
 and the surgeons and waggons compelled to 
 decamp in haste. 
 
 19. — The Communists issue another procla- 
 mation, declaring that their enemies deceive 
 themselves or the country " when they accuse 
 Paris of desiring to impose its will and supre- 
 macy upon the rest of the nation, and to aspire 
 to a Dictatorship, which would be a veritable 
 attempt to overthrow the independence and 
 sovereignty of other Communes. They deceive 
 themselves when they accuse Paris of seeking 
 the destruction of French unity, established by 
 the Revolution. The unity which has been 
 imposed upon us up to the present by the 
 Empire, the Monarchy, and the Parliamentary 
 Government, is nothing but centralization, 
 despotic, unintelligent, arbitrary, and onerous. 
 The political unity, as desired by Paris, is a 
 voluntary association of all local initiative, the 
 free and spontaneous co-operation of all indi- 
 vidual energies with the common object of the 
 well-being, liberty, and security of all. The 
 Communal revolution, initiated by the people 
 on March 18, inaugurated a new era in politics,, 
 experimental, positive, and scientific. It was 
 the end of the old official and clerical world of 
 military supremacy and bureaucracy, of jobbing 
 in monopolies ^nd privileges, to which the pro- 
 letariat owed its slavery, and the country its 
 misfortunes and disasters. The strife between 
 Paris and Versailles is one of those that cannot 
 be ended by an illusory compromise ; the issue 
 should not be doubtful ... As for ourselves, 
 citizens of Pai'is, we have a mission to accom- 
 plish, a modern revolution the greatest and the 
 most fruitful of all those which have illumi- 
 nated history. It is our duty to fight and 
 conquer. " 
 
 20. — Mr. Lowe introduces the Budget, 
 showing the estimated expenditure for 1871-72 
 to be 72, 308,800/., and the revenue 69, 595,000/. 
 Among the items of expenditure was 
 16,452,000/. for the army, including abolition 
 of purchase, as against 12,965,000/. for 1870-71. 
 He maintained that it was in the power of this 
 nation, "if we were so minded, to take such 
 measures as will enable us to have a force which 
 is demonstrably sufficient, considering the con- 
 ditions of the problem of landing a force in an 
 enemy's country, to crush any enemy before he 
 could possibly accumulate sufficient strength to 
 invade us. And if that can be done, I can 
 hardly imagine any sacrifice that it would not 
 be worth while to make from a purely financial 
 consideration, because if you can satisfy people 
 13 
 
APRIL 
 
 1871. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 that this is the one spot in the world that is 
 safe, and that will in all probability be free 
 from the ravages of war, think how our credit 
 will rise, how the value of our property will 
 increase, what a predominance it gives us over 
 other nations." What we were now doing was 
 virtually imposing taxes, which were in the 
 nature of war taxes, at a time when we were 
 not going to war, and when there was no pro- 
 bability of our doing so. To make up the 
 deficiency of 2,713,000^., the Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer proposed to rate all personal pro- 
 perty liable as intestate on the principle of 2 
 per cent, duty, and where a man paid legacy 
 ■duty he should be liable to probate duty. He 
 also proposed to increase succession duties both 
 on real and personal property, by raising them, 
 for the first lineal descendant, from I to 2 per 
 -cent. He would raise brothers to 34, then for 
 others $, and upwards to 10 per cent. He 
 also proposed a tax on matches, bearing the 
 box-label, " Ex luce lucellum," from which 
 he expected 550,000/. ; and also proposed to 
 •convert a penny in the pound on the income- 
 tax into a rate of 100 pence, or ?>s. 4^. in the 
 100/. The effect of his proposals would be, 
 that the legacy, probate, and succession duties 
 would yield an addition of 350,000/., matches 
 550,000/., and the additional income tax about 
 1,800,000/. He concluded by proposing the 
 resolution relating to lucifer matches, which, 
 after some adverse discussion, was agreed to. 
 
 21. —Mr. Bentinck introduces, but withdraws 
 after debate, a resolution on the Declaration 
 of Paris, asserting that '* the maintenance of 
 British maritime rights being essential to the 
 power, prosperity, and independence of the 
 Empire, this House is of opinion that her 
 Majesty's Government should forthwith with- 
 draw from the articles of ' The "Declaration of 
 Paris, 1856,' which are numbered respectively 
 I and 2, and which are expressed in the terms 
 following: — I. Privateering is and remains 
 abolished. 2. The neutral flag covers enemy's 
 goods, with the exception of contraband of 
 war. " 
 
 22. — Married according to the form of a 
 Communal certificate, " The citizen Anet, son 
 of Jean-Louis Anet, and the Maria Saint, She 
 engaged to follow the said citizen everywhere, 
 and to love him always. — Anet, Maria Saint. 
 Witnessed by the undermentioned citizen and 
 citizenness— Fuiherar, Laroche. " 
 
 — Monument set up in York Minster to 
 the memory of Frederick Vyner, one of the 
 party slain a year since at Skimatari by Greek 
 brigands. 
 
 — A Communist organ, the Moniagne, 
 writes; — "Our dogs that used only to growl 
 when a bishop passed, will bite him now, and 
 not a voice will be raised to curse the day 
 which dawns for the sacrifice of the Archbishop 
 of Paris, We owe it to ourselves — we owe it 
 to the world. The Commune has promised us 
 an eye for an eye, and has given us Monseigneur 
 Darboy as a hostage. The justice of the tribu- 
 
 •4 
 
 nals shall commence, said Danton, when the 
 wrath of the people is appeased — and he was 
 right. Darboy ! tremble in your cell, for your 
 day is past, your end is close at hand ! " 
 
 23. — Collision near the Newarp lightship 
 between the Rotterdam steamer Kestral and 
 the screw collier Frankland, of Newcastle. 
 The former sank, but her crew and passengers 
 were taken off and landed at Grimsby. 
 
 24. — Most of the newspapers this morning 
 contain articles and letters directed against the 
 recently-introduced Budget, the proposed match- 
 tax in particular giving rise to hostile criticism, 
 Bryant and May, makers of the "Safety Match," 
 calculated that the duty which it was proposed 
 to levy would vary from 100 to 400 per cent,, 
 and even more on the wholesale price, ' ' On 
 the wholesale price of 625/. worth of the com- 
 monest matches the duty will be 3,000/., or 
 nearly 500 per cent. The effect of this impo- 
 sition will be almost entirely to extinguish two 
 important branches of the business, throwing 
 vast numbers of workpeople out of employment, 
 and consequently on the rates, which in the 
 locality where the trade is principally carried 
 on — the East-end of London — are at present 
 almost unbearable. A great portion of the 
 home trade will, no doubt, drift into the hands 
 of foreigners, as the demand will be for the 
 lowest qualities, which are principally manu- 
 factured abroad." Regarding the Terminable 
 Annuity Sinking Fund, Mr, Hubbard sup- 
 ported a proposal made by the Times to sus- 
 pend its operation for one year, 
 
 — Michael Campbell executed at Spring- 
 field gaol, Essex, for the murder of Mr. Gal- 
 loway at Stratford. The prisoner had gone 
 out with two other men on the evening of the 
 gth of February for the purpose of entering 
 houses by climbing up the porticoes in front, 
 and then plundering the upper rooms. They ' 
 had made two or three unsuccessful attempts, 
 and at length, while in the act of entering the 
 house of the deceased gentleman, they were 
 disturbed, and one of the prisoner's companions 
 seized by the deceased. The prisoner then 
 came up and stabbed the unfortunate gentleman 
 in the eye, inflicting a wound of which he died 
 
 a very few days afterwards. 
 
 — Mr. White's Budget resolution—" That 
 the additional taxation proposed will entail bur- 
 dens upon the people which are not justified by 
 existing circumstances," rejected by 257 to 230 . 
 votes, after a discussion in which Mr. Lowe 
 and Mr. Gladstone were found to be the only 
 speakers who seemed inclined to support the 
 Budget as a whole. 
 
 — The matchmakers muster. in large num- 
 bers at the East-end of London, and in various 
 sections march through the City to Westminster 
 to present petitions against the imposition of 
 the new tax. Some tumult naturally prevailed 
 along the line of march, and in Palate Yard for 
 a time members could not readily obtain en. 
 trance to the House ; but it was not till return- 
 ing by way of the Thames Embankment, where 
 
APRIL 
 
 1871. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 the police were stationed in large numbers, that 
 any serious breach of the peace occurred. Here 
 some stones were thrown and a few boards torn 
 down, but even these offences were alleged to 
 have been committed by parties who, from in- 
 terested motives, had mixed themselves up with 
 the processionists. 
 
 24. — In obtaining the sanction of theGerman 
 Parliament to a proposal for a loan of 120 
 million thalers, Prince Bismarck remarked that 
 their country had been forced into great financial 
 sacrifices to maintain a force in France to meet 
 all contingencies. "If the French Govern- 
 ment," he said, " do not pay the amount agreed 
 upon for the maintenance of the German troops 
 it will be necessary again to have recourse to 
 requisitions of food and forage. The German 
 authorities will not interfere in the internal 
 affairs of France, though it is hardly possible to 
 promise complete forbearance under all circum- 
 stances. Should Geritvan rights and German 
 interests be imperilled, it will become our duty 
 to defend them." 
 
 25. — Mr. Lowe aimounces that the match- 
 tax would be abandoned on account of the dis- 
 satisfaction it had excited. Mr. Wren Hoskyns' 
 resolution pointing- out the necessity of remov- 
 ing certain restrictions in the laws regulating 
 the sale and transfer of land rejected by 79 to 
 39 votes. 
 
 — • Came on before the Lords Justices, 
 the case of Hawksworth v. Hawksworth, in- 
 volving the question whether a daughter (aged 
 eight and a half years) of a deceased Roman 
 Catholic father named Hawksworth should be 
 brought up as a Roman Catholic or as a mem- 
 ber of the Church of England. The father died 
 intestate about eight years ago, and the daughter 
 had since been under the care of her mother,, 
 a member of the Church of England. The 
 case was originally adjudicated upon by the 
 Chancery Court of the Duchy of Lancaster, 
 The Vice-Chancellor (Mr. Wickens), after 
 having had an interview with the child in court, 
 held that she should be brought up in the re- 
 ligion of her father — that is to say, as a Roman 
 Catholic. The mother appealed from that de- 
 cision. Lord Justice James now confirmed the 
 finding of the Vice-Chancellor, declaring it to 
 be a rule of the Court, a rule of the highest 
 morality, that any person, who had the conduct 
 as guardian of a child on the father's death 
 should have regard to the religjon of the father 
 in dealing with the child 1 and, unless under 
 very special circumstances indeed, it was the 
 duty of any guardian of a child, and it was the 
 duty of this Court in controlling the conduct of 
 that guardian, to see that the child was. brought 
 up in the religious faith of the father, whatever 
 that religious faith might be. He (the Lord 
 Justice) would not give the slightest encourage- 
 ment to mothers or others who had access to 
 young childreu to attempt to proselytize; them. 
 This appeal must therefore be dismissed with 
 costs. Lord Justice Mellish concurred. 
 
 26. — The case of Mr. Purchas for a re- 
 hearing of his appeal, taken up by the Judici.il 
 Committee of the Privy Council. Petition dis- 
 missed with costs. 
 
 — The Paris forts of Issy and Vanves 
 bombarded by batteries opened at Bas Meudon 
 and MouUneaux. Skirmishing also took place 
 on the north side between troops at Clichy and 
 those massed on the plain of Gennevillers. 
 
 — Mr. Hughes' Sunday Trading Bill, 
 supported by the Home Secretary, rejected by 
 80 votes to 47. 
 
 — Jane Maria Clousen, aged 17, found 
 early this morning in Kidbrooke-lane, Eltham, 
 dying from injuries inflicted by some person 
 during the night. She was removed to Guy's 
 Hospital, and afterwards identified by her 
 friends as having lived in the capacity of a 
 domestic servant with Mr. Pook, printer, 
 Greenwich. On the evening of the 25th she 
 was heard to say that she then intended to 
 meet her " young man," known lo be the sou 
 of her master, and afterwards apprehended 
 on the charge of causing the death of Clousen. 
 She was next found in the lane about four 
 o'clock by PoIice-constaUe Gun. Seeing she 
 was very much injured, and blood about her 
 head and face, he asked her who had injured 
 her, and she said faintly, " Oh, my poor head ! 
 oh, my poor head ! " She afterwards lifted 
 her left hand and said, ' ' Take hold of my 
 hand," at the same time turning her head to 
 the left. On giving her his hand she fell on 
 her face on the ground, and said, " Let me 
 die." The officer again asked her what was 
 the matter, but she made no further reply. On 
 turning round he saw blood on the ground 
 near Clousen, her gloves being also there, and 
 her hat within two feet. There were foot- 
 marks, but not of recent occurrence. He looked 
 round to see if he could see anyone, but nobody 
 was near. He then obtained assistance, when 
 she was taken to the surgery of Dr. King, and 
 thence to Guy's Hospital. At a quarter to two 
 the same morning this officer passed through 
 the lane, but on the opposite side to that 
 where he found the deceased lying, and did not 
 notice her, 
 
 27. — Anticipating the probable result of a 
 hostile resolution to be proposed by Mr. Disraeli^ 
 Mr. Gladstone announces that the increase of the 
 legacy and succession duties would be aban- 
 doned, and also the proposal for computing 
 income-tax by a percent^e, the deficiency to 
 be made up by raising the income-tax fromi 4//. 
 to id. per I/. The Prime Minister insisted 
 that provision, for the expenditure voted by the 
 House must still be made, as originally intended, 
 out of taxation, without disturbing the duties on, 
 articles of consumptioni, Mr. Disraeli protested 
 against the admission of the pdnciple that be- 
 cause they had agreed to votes in Stepply they 
 were bound to approve of the Ways and. 
 Means. 
 
 15 
 
APRIL 
 
 i8;i. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 37. — Earl Kimberley lays on the table of 
 the House of Lords a Bill to repress illegal 
 combinations in Westmeath, by providing that 
 in certain circumstances the districts named in 
 the Bill are to be proclaimed, and this being 
 done, the Lord Lieutenant is empowered to 
 suspend the Habeas Corpus Act for two years, 
 and arrests may be effected by Viceregal war- 
 rants in any portion of the United Kingdom. 
 
 — Speaking in the Assembly on the plea 
 for clemency put forward, M. Thiers said : — 
 " Our rigour will vanish when the insurgents 
 lay down their arms, excepting against those 
 persons who have been guilty of crime, and 
 they are not numerous. When I give orders, 
 not cruel ones, but orders such as would be 
 dictated by a state of war, I feel under the 
 necessity of asking myself, of asking you, 
 whether right is on my side. (M. Thiers was 
 here interrupted by various exclamations, but 
 he appealed to the Assembly to listen to him, 
 and continued) : I give these orders with sor- 
 row ; but was there ever a time when right was 
 more evident than at the present ? Everyone 
 knows the truth of what I say. In Paris the 
 abstentions from voting at the recent elections 
 show the isolation of the insurgents, while, on 
 the other hand, the whole of France is with us, 
 and with you, who are the free expression of 
 her suffrages." 
 
 — The marriage of the Infante Alphonse 
 Maria of Spain, grandson of Don Carlos, with 
 the Princess Maria des Neves of Braganza, 
 eldest daughter of Dom Miguel, celebrated in 
 the castle of Prince Lowenstein, at Klein Leu- 
 bach. The bridegroom was born in 1849, the 
 bride in 1852. 
 
 — Died at Naples, aged 59, M. Sigismund 
 Thalberg, pianist and composer. 
 
 28. — Came on in the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, the case of Tomline v. Lowe, raised to 
 test the question whether the Queen's subjects 
 are not entitled to have gold and silver bullion 
 converted into coin of the realm, on applica- 
 tion at the Mint. The matter came before the 
 Court on demurrer to the plaintiff's declaration, 
 and the substantial question was, whether the 
 old common law of the realm had been set 
 aside by a Royal proclamation. On the part of 
 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Solicitor- 
 General conceded the right to have gold bullion 
 coined. The Act of 1870 contained this clause: — 
 ** That where any person brings to the Mint any 
 gold bullion such bullion shall be coined and 
 delivered out to such person without any charge 
 for the coining." That was clear and specific, 
 and therefore the right as to gold could not be 
 disputed. But as to silver, the Act of Charles II. 
 was expressly repealed by the Act of George III., 
 which required a proclamation. The contention 
 on the part of Mr. Tomline was that a procla- 
 mation issued in 1817 was still in force, and 
 that under it the same right exists with respect 
 to silver as with respect to gold. This was now 
 decided against the plaintiff, and so the 
 16 
 
 judgment affirmed that the public had a right 
 to take gold to the Mint and have it coined for 
 nothing, but that they had no such right in the 
 case of silver. 
 
 28. — Mr. Cowper Temple submitsaresolution 
 in the Commons to secure the preservation of 
 the unenclosed parts of Epping Forest as an open 
 space for the enjoyment of the people of the 
 metropolis. Mr. Lowe and Mr. Gladstone op- 
 posed the motion, on the ground that the land 
 was the property of the Crown. The Premier 
 stated that the Government had secured 1,000 
 acres of the forest as a recreation ground for 
 the people ; but the House was not satisfied, 
 and the resolution was carried by a large 
 majority. 
 
 — M. Thiers telegrajjhs to the Prefects 
 from Versailles: — " Our troops are proceeding 
 with the works of approach towards Issy. The 
 batteries on the left have been worked with 
 powerful effect against the Pare d'Issy, which 
 is no longer habitable by those who dwelt there. 
 Fort Issy fires no longer. On the right our 
 cavalry, scouring the coiintry, came upon a 
 band of insurgents. The klaireurs of the 70th 
 Regiment, commanded by Captain Santolini, 
 routed this band, and brought in prisoners the 
 captain, lieutenant, quartermaster, and ten men. 
 Thirty or forty men were killed or wounded. 
 The remaining insurgents were pursued almost 
 to Hautes Bruy^res. Notwithstanding the 
 heavy fusillade, we have no losses to deplore.", 
 
 — Virulent outbreak of small-pox in Hamp- 
 stead district ; the report presented to the Vestiy 
 to-day showing 92 births against 210 deaths, 
 171 of which were attributable to the disease 
 named. 
 
 — The Commune distinguishes itself by two 
 decrees — one "requisitioning" 80,000/. from 
 five railway companies within forty-eight hours; 
 another directing that the church erected on the 
 spot where General Brea was murdered in 184.8 
 shall be destroyed, "as it is a permanent insult 
 to the vanquished of June." (See June 23, 
 1848, p. 254.) 
 
 29. — The Freemasons of Paris muster in 
 force in the Louvre, and march first to the 
 Column of the Bastille and then along theboule- 
 vards towards Versailles, where they intended 
 to seek an audience of M. Thiers to ask his 
 mediation in favour of the Commune. Shells 
 falling heavily at the moment in the Champs 
 Elysees the procession got broken up, and 
 only a few reached Versailles. They were 
 there told that France could not yield to in- 
 surgents. 
 
 29. — Party riot at Whitehaven, the lecturer 
 Murphy, announced to speak on the " Con- 
 fessional, " being attacked by Catholic miners, 
 and seriously injured. 
 
 — Died at Edinburgh, Samuel Halkett," 
 a linguist of acknowledged reputation, and 
 librarian to the Faculty of Advocates. 
 
MAY 
 
 1 87 1 
 
 MAY 
 
 30. — General Cluseret arrested by order of 
 the Commune on the charge of mismanaging 
 the supply of arms and ammunition along the 
 line of the forts. 
 
 May 1. — After a debate protracted till near 
 2 A.M., Mr. -Smith's motion, "That it is inex- 
 pedient that the income-tax should be increased 
 to the extent contemplated in the financial pro- 
 posals of the Government," was negatived by 
 335 'votes to 250. In pleading against inter- 
 ference with the " ancestral system " of reduc- 
 ing debts by " terminable annuities," Mr. Glad- 
 stone warned the House that Government had 
 reached the end of their concessions. Mr. 
 Disraeli described the income-tax as a third 
 line of defence to the country in case of war, 
 and said it should not be lightly meddled with, 
 especially as it pressed severely on particular 
 classes. 
 
 — The new International Exhibition, Royal 
 Albert Hall, opened by the Prince of Wales as 
 representing the Queen. 
 
 — Michael Torpey convicted of the diamond 
 robbery in Berkeley Street, and sentenced to 
 eight years' penal servitude. 
 
 — Versailles troops attack and carry the 
 insurgent position embraced within the railway 
 station at Clamart, dominating the Fort of Issy. 
 This was amongst the sharpest encounters whicli 
 had yet taken place, as many, it was said, as 
 300 being bayonetted in the enclosure. 
 
 2. — The Westmeath Peace Preservation Bill 
 read a second time in the House of Lords, Lord 
 Salisbury describing the main error of the Ex- 
 ecutive Government as the application of a 
 system of judicature formed for a civilized 
 nation to a Celtic nation, part of which was in 
 the depths oi barbarism. He would invest the 
 Viceroy with adequate powers to deal with this 
 population as if he had to deal with Indians. 
 
 — Speaking in the German Parliament on 
 the Bill for the incorporation of Alsace and 
 Lorraine, Prince Bismarck said that on the 
 6th of August, 1866, "the French Ambas- 
 sador handed me an ultimatum demanding 
 the cession of Mayence to France, and tell- 
 ing us, in the alternative, to expect an imme- 
 diate declaration of war. It was only the illness 
 of the Emperor Napoleon which then prevented 
 the outbreak of war. During the late war 
 neutral Powers made mediatory proposals. In 
 the first instance we were asked to content our- 
 selves with the costs of the war and the razing 
 of a fortress. Tl-.i' did not satisfy us. It was 
 necessary that the bulwark from which France 
 could sally forth for attack should be farther 
 puslied back. Another proposal was to neutral- 
 ize Alsace and LoiTaine. But that neutral State 
 would have possessed neither the power nor 
 the will to preserve its neutrality in case of 
 war. We were obliged to incorporate Alsace 
 with the territory of Germany in order to ensure 
 the peace of Europe. It is true the aversion of 
 
 •yff 17 
 
 the population of Alsace and Lorraine is an 
 obstacle to such a measure. Still, the popula- 
 tion is thoroughly German, forming a sort of 
 aristocracy in France by virtue of its noble and 
 Teutonic qualities. We shall strive to win 
 back to us this population by means of Teutonic 
 patience and love." 
 
 3. — Mr. Jacob Bright's Women's Disabilities 
 Bill rejected, on the proposal for a second read- 
 ing, by 220 to 157 votes. 
 
 — A telegram from Bombay states that news 
 had been received from Zanzibar describing 
 Dr. Livingstone as alive and well at Manakozo, 
 but destitute. 
 
 — Five youths drowned in Hartlepool Bay 
 by the upsetting of a pleasure- boaPiir a sudden 
 squall. 
 
 — Versailles troops under General Lacretelle 
 carry the redoubt of Moulin Saquet in the even- 
 ing, killing 150 Communists and making over 
 300 prisoners. 
 
 4. — A motion submitted in the Commons by 
 Mr. Torrens to fix the income-tax at ^d. instead 
 of 6ci. rejected by 294 to 248 votes. 
 
 5. — Died at his residence, Devonshire-place, 
 aged 86, George Thomas John Nugent, Mar- 
 quis of Westmeath, an Irish representative 
 peer, and the last survivor, it was thought, of 
 the expedition to Egypt against Napoleon I. 
 
 6. — Vice-Chancellor M alius gives judgment 
 in the case of Macbrydez/. Eykyn, a suit heard 
 torecoverfrom the defendant, Mr. Roger Eykyn, 
 M.P. for Windsor,, 10,200/. Spanish Passive 
 Bonds, and two sums of 400/. and 500/., which, 
 according to the defendant's statement, had 
 been lost in the course of transactions with the 
 plaintiff's husband, Mr. C. Wilson Macbryde, 
 in speculations on the Stock Exchange. Bill 
 dismissed with costs. 
 
 — Collision off Tynemouth between the 
 steamer David Burn, out on a trial trip, and 
 the EaH Percy. The former sank soon after- 
 wards. 
 
 — Herat reported to have fallen to-day, 
 Futteh Khan, the Governor, killed, and his son 
 wounded. 
 
 — The High Joint Commissioners at New 
 York, having met thirty-seven times, conclude 
 their labours by signing a treaty providing for 
 the establishment of two boards of arbitration — 
 one to consider the Aladama and similar 
 claims which will be recognized as national, 
 and be settled on the principle of respon- 
 sibility for depredations where Government 
 has not exercised the utmost possible dili- 
 gence and precaution to prevent the fitting 
 out of privateers ; the other will consider 
 miscellaneous claims of both sides, confined 
 principally to those arising out of the civil war. 
 No claims arising out of the Fenian invasion of 
 Canada will be admitted. All legitimate cotton 
 claims will be considered, except those of 
 British subjects domiciled in the South. The 
 
 C 
 
AfA V 
 
 1871. 
 
 MA Y 
 
 San Ju3n bounclary question to be arbitrated 
 upon by the Emperor of Brazil. American 
 vessels to navigate the St. Lawrence free, and 
 the Canadian canals on payment of the regular 
 tolls. 
 
 6. — On the inotion for going into committee 
 on the Army Regulation Bill, Colonel Anson 
 submits a resolution — " That in any scheme 
 for the abolition of purchase in the army, the 
 State, as well as the officers, must forego tlie 
 advantages hitherto derived from that system ; 
 and in order to give the State that unrestricted 
 power over the officers of the army which it is 
 desirable it should possess, and also in justice 
 to the officers of the army-themselves, the re- 
 gulation value of their commissions shall be at 
 once returned to them." 
 
 8. — M. Thiers entreats the Parisians to aid 
 the troops outside the walls. "The Govern- 
 ment," he declared, "will not bombard Paris, 
 as the Commune tells you. A bonibardmgiit 
 threatens the entire city and renders it uninha- 
 bitable, and has for its object to intittiidate 
 citizens and to force them to surrender. The 
 Government will only use cannon to force in 
 one of your gates, and will endeavour to limit 
 to one point of attack the ravages of a war 
 of which it is not the author. ^s''$oon as the 
 soldiers shall have passed the enceinte you will 
 rally round the national flag to aid our valiant 
 army in destroying this sanguinary and cruel 
 tyranny. It depends upon you fo . prevent 
 those disasters which are inseparable from an 
 assault. You are a hundred times more nume- 
 rous than the partisans of the Commune. Be 
 united, and open the gates which they close to 
 law and order, and to your prosperity, as well 
 as to that of France. When once those gates 
 are open the sound of the cannons will cease, 
 tranquillity, order, abundance, and peace will 
 reappear within your walls. The Germans 
 will evacuate our territory, and the traces of 
 our misfortune will rapidly disappear. But if 
 you do not act, the Government will be obliged 
 to take the most energetic and certain means to 
 deliver you." 
 
 — In Committee on the University Tests 
 Bill, the Marquis of Salisbury carries' by a 
 majority of five votes, a new test in the form 
 of a resolution: — "That no person shall be 
 appointed to the office of tutor, assistant tutor, 
 dean, censor, or lecturer in divinity, in any 
 college now subsisting in the said universities, 
 until he shall have made and subscribed the 
 following declaration in the presence of the 
 Vice-Chancellor, or in the University of Dur- 
 ham of the Warden — that is to say : ' I, A. B. , 
 do solemnly declare that while holding the 
 office of [here name the office] I will not teach 
 anything contrary to the teaching or Divine 
 authority of the Holy Scriptures of the DM and 
 New Testaments.' " 
 
 — The Count de Chambord writes to a friend 
 that he only asked to Ije allowed to devote 
 every moment of his life to the security and 
 
 i8 
 
 happiness of France, and to share her distresses 
 before sharing her honours: — "It is asserted 
 that the independence of the Papacy is dear to 
 me, and that I am determined to obtain effi- 
 cacious guarantees for it. That is true. The 
 liberty of the Church is the first condition of 
 spiritual peace and of order in the State. To 
 protect the Holy See was ever the honourable 
 duty of our country, and the most indisputab'e 
 cause of its greatness among nations. OnJy in 
 the periods of its greatest misfortunes has France 
 abandoned tl"jis glorious protectorate. Rest 
 assured if I am called it will be, not only 
 because I represent right, but because I am 
 order, reform — because I am the essential bas's 
 of that authority which is required to restore 
 that which has perished, and to govern justly 
 and according to law with the view of remedy- 
 ing the evils of the past, and of paving the way 
 for the future. I shall be told that I hold the 
 ancient sword of France in my hand, and in 
 my breast the heart of a king and a father which 
 recognizes no party. I am of no party, and I 
 do not ddfeire to return or to reign by means of 
 party. I have no injury to avenge, no enemy 
 to exile, no fortune to retrieve, except that of 
 France. It is in my power to select from every 
 quarter the men who are anxious to associate 
 themselves with this grand undertaking. X 
 only bring back religion, concord, and peace. 
 I desire to exercise no dictatorship but that of 
 clemency, because in my hands, and in my 
 hands alone, clemency is still justice. Thus it 
 is, my dear friend, that I despair not of my 
 country, and that I do not shrink from the 
 magnitude of the task. * La parole est k la 
 France et I'heure a Dieu.' " 
 
 S. — Mr. Gladstone announces that Govern- 
 ment proposed to abandon for this session Mr. 
 Goschen's Local Rating and Local Government 
 Bills, and also the licensing clause of the Home 
 Secretary's Licensing Bill. It was still their 
 intention, he said, to press forward the police 
 clauses of that measure. 
 
 9. — Came on for trial in the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, Westminster, before the Lord Chief 
 Justice and a special jury, the case of the Queen 
 V, Boulton, Park, and others, charged with 
 conspiring to induce others to commit felony. 
 The examination of witnesses and speeches of 
 counsel protracted the case to the isth, when' 
 a verdict of Not Guilty was entered for all the 
 defendants. In summing up, the Lord Chief 
 Justice expressed his disapprobation of the 
 form in which the case had been brought before 
 the Court. " We are trying the defendants," 
 he said, " for conspiring to commit felonious 
 crime, and the proof of it, if it amounts 
 to anything, amounts to proof of the 
 actual commission of crime ; and I am 
 clearly of opinion that where the proof 
 intended to be submitted to a jury is proof of 
 the actual commission of crime, it is not the 
 proper course to charge the parties with con- 
 spiring to commit it.'^ Coming to the actual 
 facts of the case, the learned judge remarked 
 
MAY 
 
 1871. 
 
 MAY 
 
 that what had been proved against the defen- 
 dants Boulton and Park was sufficient to stamp 
 them with the deepest disgrace, although they 
 might not have had any. felonious intention. 
 Their going, for example, to the ladies' rooms 
 at theatres and other public places was an 
 offence which the .Legislature might justly visit 
 with corporal punishment. His lordship sub- 
 sequently remarked that Hurt and Fiske should 
 have been tried in Scotland, if at all. " It is 
 easy, however," he continued, " to "see how all 
 this happened. " The police had taken up the 
 case, and the whole course and conduct of it 
 confirm the opinion I have always entertained 
 as to the necessity for a public prosecutor to 
 control and to conduct criminal prosecutions. 
 The police seized the prisoners' letters, and 
 found those of Hurt and Fiske ; they then went 
 to Edinburgh, and, without any authority, 
 searched their lodgings, arrested them and 
 put them on their trial here along with 
 Park and Boulton, without taking them before 
 a magistrate at all; and thus they are tried 
 with the two other defendants for an alleged 
 offence having no connection whatever with 
 their conduct." A second indictment against 
 the defendants for outraging decency by going 
 about dressed as women was allowed to stand 
 over, and in the meantime they were liberated 
 on their own recognizances. 
 
 9. — Mr. Miall's motion, "That it is expe- 
 dient, at the earliest practicable period, to 
 apply the policy initiated by the disestablish- 
 ment of the Irish Church, by the Act of 1869, 
 to the other Churches established by law in the 
 United Kingdom," rejected by 374 to 89 votes. 
 In the course of the discussion, Mr. Disraeli 
 admitted that the disestablishment of the Church 
 in Ireland involved the disestablishment of the 
 Church in Scotland and in England. But, 
 fortunately, the country was not governed by 
 logic. It was governed by rhetoric, and not 
 by logic, or otherwise it would have been erased 
 long ago from the list of leading communities. 
 No form of religion represented more fully the 
 national sentiment than the Established Church. 
 For his own part, he had always believed that, 
 organically, the English were a religious people. 
 We had partially educated them, we were now 
 going to educate them completely. And when 
 they were educated they would not fly to the 
 conventicle ; they would appreciate a learned 
 clergy, a refined ritual, and the consolation of 
 the beautiful offices of the Church. If the 
 Church conducted itself with wisdom and dis- 
 cretion, he believed that every year this motion, 
 if it were made, would be made under worse 
 auspices and with less prospect of success. Let 
 the Church remain tolerant, temperate, and 
 comprehensive, and it would then be truly 
 national. In conclusion, he expressed a strong 
 conviction that the time had come when, in 
 matters of great change, the country required 
 repose, and appealed to the Government to 
 remove the impression created by the Home 
 Secretary, that they opposed the motion only 
 because they did not yet see their way to carry- 
 19 
 
 ing it. — In closing the debate, Mr. Gladstone 
 assured the House that the Government, in 
 opposing the motion, did not limit that oppo- 
 sition to the present moment or base it on 
 merely temporary grounds. If the movement 
 represented by the Liberation Society had re- 
 ceived any recent impulse, it was partly from 
 embittered controversies in the Church, and 
 partly also from the unfortunate error of those 
 who insisted upon treating the case of the 
 Church of Ireland entirely with reference to 
 the theory of establishments, and not wiih 
 reference to the broad, substantial arguments 
 and facts upon which the Church of England 
 was so strong. The Church of England was 
 not a foreign Church — it was not a Church 
 which, like the Church of Ireland, was imposed 
 upon Ireland and maintained there by extrinsic 
 power, but it was, whatever else it might be, 
 the growth of the histoiy and traditions of the 
 country ; it had existed from a period shortly 
 after the Christian era, and for 1,300 years had 
 never ceased to be the Church of the country ; 
 it had been in every age, as it was still, deeply 
 rooted in the heart of the people, and inter- 
 twined with the local habits and feelings. 
 
 9. — The cases of small-pox in London during 
 the past week rose to 288, the highest weekly 
 number during the present epidemic, and 
 almost three times as high as in any of the 
 preceding epidemics during thirty-one years. 
 
 — Fort Issy captured by Versailles troops 
 after a bombardment continued over eight 
 days. A large quantity of ammunition and 
 artillery were found within the fortress. " 
 
 — Eliza Jane Cook, a young married 
 woman in straitened circumstances, throws two 
 of her children and herself into the Lea at 
 Clapton. A little girl was rescued, but the 
 mother and boy were drowned. 
 
 10. — Dissension among the Communist 
 leaders, the first Committee of Public Safety 
 being dismissed to-day, and another appointed 
 in its place. Commander Rossel, charged with 
 the provisional title of Delegate of War, 
 wrote that he felt himself incapable of con- 
 tinuing the responsibility of a commandant 
 where everyone wished to deliberate, and no 
 one to obey. Delescluze succeeded to the post 
 of Delegate of War. 
 
 — Professor Huxley carries a motion at the 
 London School Board, " That measures be 
 taken to ascertain whether any, and if so, what 
 charitable or other endowments in the London 
 school district ought to be applied, wholly br 
 in part, to the augmentation of the school 
 fund. " The Professor took occasion to censure 
 the management of Christ's Hospital in having 
 so far departed from the wishes of those who 
 founded the charity as to make it an educational 
 institution for children belonging to the middle, 
 classes and neglecting the children of the poor. 
 
 — Found dead in his bed, Major-General 
 Sir John Douglas, C. B., commanding the 
 
 C2 
 
M^ y 
 
 1871. 
 
 MAY 
 
 Cavalry Brigade at Aldershot, and who had 
 seen much service in the Crimea 
 
 H.— Came on in the Court of Common Pleas, 
 before Lord Chief Justice Bovill and a jury, the 
 gigantic case of Tichborne v. Lushington, oc- 
 cupying under one form or another the Courts 
 at Westminster for the greater part of two years. 
 Involving estates said to be worth 24,000/. a 
 year, with a baronetcy attached, and depending 
 mainly on evidence brought forward to identify 
 the Claimant with the long-lost heir, the case 
 excited the keenest public interest, and for a 
 time in social circles put aside events of even 
 national importance. The declaration stated 
 that the plaintiff sued Franklin Lushington, as 
 tenant of the trustees of the infant Alfred 
 Joseph, to recover possession of the mansion 
 known as Tichborne House, in the County of 
 Southampton. He claimed to be the son of Sir 
 James Doughty Tichborne, the youngest of 
 three brothers, of whom the first died, the 
 second took the estates and died, leaving a 
 daughter, Miss Kate DoUghty. The property 
 was settled on the male line, and on the death 
 of the second brother, without male issue, 
 passed to the youngest brother James, who in 
 August 1827, married Harriette Felicite Sey- 
 mour, a French lady and a Roman Catholic, 
 mother of Sir Roger Tichborne, born on the 
 5th of January, 1S29. On the 4th of Septem- 
 ber, 1839, another son was bom — ^James, who 
 subsequently died, leaving a posthumous child, 
 Alfred Joseph, who was the infant in possession 
 of the estates. Sir Roger was brought up for 
 several years in Paris, and received instruction 
 principally from a tutor named Chatillon. In 
 1845 he went to Stony hurst; was there for 
 three years, and in October 1849, obtained a 
 commission in the Carbineers, at that time in 
 Ireland, and remained with his regiment three 
 years and a half. At this time Sir Roger w^B 
 light and slim in form, and extremely narrow 
 Hi the chest ; his pleasures, manners, and 
 pur-suits were those of a gentleman ; he was 
 fond of music ; he was connected with the 
 Seymours and the Townleys, and he visited 
 at Sir Clifford Constable's, at Lord Camoys', 
 and Lord Arundel of Wardour's ; he was 
 acquainted with the Radcliffes and some of 
 the best families in the kingdom. In 1850 
 and 185 1 he was a gSod deal at Tichborne, 
 visiting his uncle Sir Edward, who had taken 
 the name of Doughty, and whose daughter, 
 Kate, was about Roger's age. Roger became 
 very much attached to his cousin, and during a 
 visit at Christmas 1851 the attachment was 
 discovered. It was disapproved by Sir Edward, 
 and an angry scene ensued, which led to Roger 
 suddenly leaving Tichborne, with a resolve to 
 go abroad. In January 1852 he made his will, 
 and deposited a sealed paeltet with a gentleman 
 named Gosford, an intimate and confidential 
 Cl^iend, containing certain private wishes and 
 "^ ententions to be carried out if he lived. Roger 
 then TCent to Par's to visit his parents, and at 
 lljeir earnest entreaty postponed the carrying 
 
 80 
 
 out Of his design. But in December 1852 
 he had made up his mind to go to South 
 America for a year and a half, and wrote to 
 his parents to that effect. He also wrote to 
 his cousin Kate that he hoped in three years 
 to be united to her, and to another cousin, 
 Mrs. Greenwood (who lived near Tichborne), 
 that he hoped she would write to him, and 
 that he should be always happy to answer her 
 letters. With these intentions Roger sailed f(jr 
 South America, having one Moore as his valet. 
 He arrived at Valparaiso in June 1853; and 
 spent some months in travelling about the 
 country. Here he heard of the death of his 
 uncle, Sir Edward ; but being desirous of further 
 travel he communicated with his mother and 
 friends at Tichborne, and sent home two like- 
 nesses of himself, produced in evidence. About 
 the 20th of April, 1854, he embarked at Rio 
 in the Bella ; on the z6th a part of the wreck 
 of the vessel was picked up, and the ship was 
 never heard of again, nor any of the crew. The 
 agents of Messrs. Glyns, Roger's bankers at 
 Rio, heard of the loss of the vessel, and wrote 
 to his family that he had embarked on board 
 of her. For thirteen years nothing more was 
 beard of Roger Tichborae. The will was 
 proved by Mr. Gosford, his executor, the sealed 
 packet was opened and destroyed, and a suit was 
 instituted in which legal proof was given of his 
 loss and death. The underwriters paid a heavy 
 insurance on the vessel, and the owner never 
 heard anything of the crew. The story of 
 the Claimant was that he was picked up, with 
 eight of the crew, about the 26th of April, and 
 carried to Melbourne, where, he said, they were 
 landed on the 24th of July, 1854 ; that on the 
 day he landed he went with the captain to the 
 Custom-house, and that the next day, leaving 
 •the wi-ecked sailors on board the ship, he 
 went into the interior, where he resided for 
 thirteen years under the name of Castro, this 
 being, it was contended in defence, an alias 
 for Arthur Orton, a butcher belonging to Wapp- 
 ing, who was known to have been at Wagga 
 Wagga at this time. Unwilling to believe in 
 the loss of her son, the Dowager Lady Tich- 
 borne advertised rewards for his discovery in 
 various quarters, and one of them coming under 
 the notice of one Cubitt, at Sydney, a friend of 
 Gibbs, an attorney at Wagga Wagga, then act- 
 ing in the bankruptcy of Castro, word was sent 
 home to the Dowager, in December 1866, that 
 her son was alive and well, at a .place 600 
 miles from Sydney. Through the intervention 
 of Gibbs and Cubitt the Claimant raised funds 
 to proceed to England at the close of the year. 
 He went, however, not direct, but by way 
 of New Yorii, and not to Paris, where the . 
 Dowager was awaiting him, but to England. 
 He arrived on Christmas Day 1866, and the 
 first visit he -made was to Wapping, for the 
 purpose of making inquiiy regarding the 
 Orton family. He afterwards visited Tich- 
 borne secretly, and was taken over the house 
 and gioimds. At Paris the Dowager made 
 affidavit, that she recognized the Claimant as 
 
MAY 
 
 1871. 
 
 MAY 
 
 hei- son Sir Roger ;_ but her death deprived the 
 defendants of any opportunity for cross-exami- 
 nation. She had, however, arranged to allow 
 him 1,000/. per annum till his claim could be 
 established. In an interview with Gosford, the 
 Claimant made no allusion to the sealed packet, 
 though they conversed about the will previously 
 seen at Doctors' Commons. During a residence 
 of some months at Croydon the Dowager was 
 again with him, and also many old servants and 
 friends of the family, as well as troopers in the 
 Carbineers, — the latter now the first witnesses 
 produced to establish the identity of the claimant. 
 
 11. — Final Treaty of Peace signed between 
 France and Germany. 
 
 — Died at Collingwood, near Hawkhuist, 
 aged 79 years. Sir John F. W. Herschel, the 
 most distinguished of modem astronomers. 
 The funeral took place on the i8th in West- 
 minster Abbey, in presence of a great company 
 of mourners. The place selected for the 
 interment- was near the grave of Sir Isaac 
 Newton. 
 
 — The property of M. Thiers seized by the 
 Commune. A decree issued this morning set 
 forth that "The Committee of Public Safety, 
 considering that the proclamation of M. Thiers 
 declares that the army will not bombard Paris, 
 while every day women and children fall vic- 
 tims to the fratricidal projectiles of Versailles, 
 and that it makes an appeal to treason in order 
 to enter Paris, feeling it to be impossible to 
 vanquish its heroic population by force of arms, 
 orders that the goods and property of M. Thiers 
 be seized by the Administration of the Domains, 
 and his house in the Place -St. Georges be 
 razed to the ground. Citizens Fontaine, De- 
 legate of the Domains, and Andrien, Delegate 
 of the Public Service, are charged with the 
 immediate execution of the present decree. " In 
 the Assembly to-day M. Thiers demanded a 
 vote of confidence from the Assembly, which 
 was granted by 495 to 10 votes. 
 
 12. — Died at Paris, aged 89 years, M. Auber, 
 composer of " Masaniello," and forty other 
 operas. 
 
 13. — The Court of Session reverse a former 
 decision in what was known as the " Para- 
 guayan Case," and find Dr. Stewart liable 
 in payment of the bill, chiefly on the ground 
 that, although it had been got from him 
 through fear and force, yet he had acknow- 
 ledged his liability by eighteen months after- 
 wards writing a letter, asking his brother to 
 pay the amount of the bill from funds he had 
 lodged in the Bank of Scotland. Madame 
 Lynch was in the witness-box for nearly five 
 hours 
 
 14. — In consequence of a revolt in the 
 garrison, the Communists withdraw from Fort 
 Vanves, leaving it to be occupied by a portion 
 of the investing force, who also retain the 
 adjacent village after fighting through it house 
 by house. 
 
 15. — Mr. Muntz's amendment on the Army 
 Bill, designed to limit its operation to regula- 
 tion prices, and to leave over-regulation and the 
 bonus system untouched, rejected by 260 to 
 195 votes. 
 
 — The Pope issues a Brief directed 
 against the professors in the Roman University 
 who had presented an address to Dr. DoUinger 
 " overflowing with errors, blasphemy, and un- 
 belief." His Holiness urged upon parochial 
 priests the necessity of restraining the young 
 from attending the lectures of such professors, 
 and of opposing, at the same time, the torrent 
 of unbelief into which they were likely to be 
 driven. 
 
 16. — Destruction by the Commune of the 
 Vendome Column, erected by Napoleon I., 
 principally of cannon taken at Ulm, to com- 
 memorate the victory of Austerlitz in 1805. 
 It was covered with 425 bronze plaques, 
 moulded in bas-relief to display the chief inci- 
 dents in the Austrian campaign of that year. 
 They were each 3 feet 8 inches high, and 
 formed a continuous band, enclosing the 
 column twenty-two times as it circled to the 
 top, the entire length of the spiral being 840 
 feet. Instead of Charlemagne, as at first in- 
 tended, it was surmounted by a statue of the 
 First Napoleon in a Roman costume and crowned 
 with laurel. After several postponements it 
 was bi-ought to the ground this afternoon in the 
 presence of many thousands who had waited 
 for hours to witness the spectacle. Owing to 
 some engineering difficulties in cutting through 
 the column at the base, it could not be brought 
 dovi'n at the time originally fixed. The mem- 
 bers of the-Commune were installed in all their 
 state in the balconies of the Etat Major of the 
 National Guard and of the Minister of Justice, 
 on the Place Vendome, to witness the affair. 
 Sentinels were posted about half way down the 
 Rue de la Paix to prevent the crowd from ap- 
 proaching too close, as up to the last moment 
 accidents were feared. After a good deal of 
 intermittent drumming and trumpeting, and 
 caracoling backwards and forwards of officers 
 on horseback, and the continual ascent and 
 descent of workmen— now of the column, now 
 of its pedestal simply — and sundry flourishes of 
 red flags, at about half-past five the ropes were 
 tightened, and it was evident the end was at 
 hand. Suddenly the column was observed to 
 lean forivard towards the Rue de la Paix, then 
 finally to fall, with a dull heavy thud,- raising, 
 as it did so, an immense cloud of dust. Before 
 it touched the ground it separated into three 
 parts by its own weight, and on reaching the 
 bed of dung and faggots spread to receive it, 
 broke into at least thirty pieces. The statue of 
 Napoleon, on reaching the ground, broke eff 
 from its pedestal at the ankles, then at the 
 knees, the waist, and the neck, while the iron 
 railings which surrounded the summit of the 
 monument were shivered to pieces. Shortly 
 after the column had fallen, spectators were 
 permitted to traverse the Place to witness the 
 
 21 
 
MAY 
 
 1871- 
 
 MAY 
 
 wreck, but were not permitted to take away 
 any of the fragments. 
 
 17. — Mr. Lawson's Permissive Bill thrown 
 out on the proposal for a second reading by 
 196 to 124 votes. 
 
 — Explosion of a cartridge factory in the 
 Avenue Repp, Paris, causing the death of over 
 fifty people employed in the works. In the 
 present disordered condition of the city, this 
 calamity was at pnce attributed to treachery, 
 and various citizens were arrested on sus- 
 picion. 
 
 — The Commune threaten the lives of 
 the Archbishop of Paris, and other hostages, 
 Urbaln, formerly a schoolmaster, who had in- 
 stalled himself, with his mistress, in the Mairie 
 of The Seventh Arrondissement, demanding 
 that ten of the number should be shot within 
 twenty-four hours, in retaliation for the alleged 
 murder of a woman attached to one of the 
 Commune ambulances. 
 
 18. — In an unusually crowded house, Mr. 
 Disraeli calls attention to the "general con- 
 duct" of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. 
 Reviewing the various changes in the Budget, 
 and the irregularities as regards the house-tax 
 and tea duties with which it had been accom- 
 panied, he complained that the Government 
 had vouchsafed no explanation of the reasons 
 why they abandoned their first proposals, 
 and threw the whole burden of the year on 
 direct taxation, and especially on that particular 
 tax which the highest authority had declared 
 to be a most unpopular tax, and one which 
 most severely pinched the poor middle classes. 
 Mr. Lowe briefly replied, complaining that Mr. 
 Disraeli had played oif a practical joke upon 
 him by threatening a general indictment of his 
 fmancial policy, and sinking into a criticism of 
 a few small isolated points, which he described 
 as the " veriest pedantries of finance." 
 
 — In Committee on the Army Regulation 
 Bill, Colonel Anson moved an amendment on 
 Clause 2 with the object of permitting the 
 purchase of Exchanges. Mr. Cardwell, in 
 opposing it, explained that it was not intended 
 to prevent exchanges, but merely to prohibit 
 money passing in such transactions, except the 
 payment of travelling expenses. To make an 
 exception in favour of "exchanges" would be 
 to strike at the abolition of purchase. After 
 considerable debate the amendment was nega- 
 tived by 183 to 146. 
 
 19. ^Prince Arthur falls through a window, 
 imperfectly fastened, in the billiard-room of 
 Marlborough House, and is slightly injured in 
 the head and foot. 
 
 — The Commune issues a decree suppres- 
 sing additional newspapers, and declaring that 
 all adverse criticism on its proceedings will, be 
 treated with the rigour of martial law. 
 
 ^ M. Rochefort arrested at Meaux and taken 
 to Versailles. 
 
 19. — The Dutch iron steamship. W«'///a»2 
 ///., intended to open up a new trade between 
 Holland and Java, burnt in the Channel. 
 
 20. — Fire at Woolwich Barracks, the whole 
 of the block forming the offices of the Quarter- 
 master-General, the Brigade-Major, the Bar- 
 rack Control Department Clerk's offices and 
 stores being destroyed. 
 
 21. — After a siege extending over nine 
 weeks, the Versailles troops this (Sunday) 
 afternoon succeed in entering Paris by the 
 St. Cloud gate at Point du Jour, and by the 
 gate of Montrouge. Captain Treves, an officer 
 of the navy, crept up quietly from the trenches 
 to the rampart at the Point du Jour. To his 
 astonishment he found the insurgents had re- 
 tired. He immediately called up 300 sailors, 
 who took possession of the gate. Other troops 
 followed up, and before anyone really felt 
 that the affair had commenced, it was all over. 
 Not a rifle was fired at this point, nor was there 
 a single man wounded. The insurgents at once 
 run up a white flag over the Auteuil gate, but 
 took occasion to strengthen a position of some 
 importance they had taken up on the Arc de 
 Triomphe. The division of General Douay 
 entered by the gate of St. Cloud, and occupied 
 the salient between the ramparts and the via- 
 duct. Here there was a second bastion of con- 
 siderable solidity. The soldiers entered the 
 half-ruined ban-acks and casemates, and made 
 prisoners of a number of insurgents whom they 
 found concealed there. Immediate preparations 
 were then made for the advance right and left, 
 but as the enemy was still keeping up a fire 
 from 7-pounders and mitrailleurs, along the 
 bastions between Vaugirard and Montrouge, a 
 regular assault of these positions by the division 
 under General Cissey was determined upon. 
 On the left General Ladmirault took the gates 
 of Passy and Auteuil, and then still keeping to 
 the left seized the Arc de Triomphe. General 
 Vinoy, entering by the Point du Jour, passed, 
 the Seine, and opened the gate of Sevres to 
 General Cissey. By two o'clock General Cissey 
 was master of the Faubourg St. Germain as far 
 as Mont Parnasse, and General Clinchant 
 was at the New Opera House. In the Assembly 
 M. Thiers said: — "The slight resistance we 
 have met with warrants us in hoping that Paris 
 will soon be restored to its true sovereign — ^to 
 France. We are honest men. We will visit 
 with the rigour of the law those men who have 
 been guilty of crime against France, and have 
 not shrunk from assassination or the destruction 
 of national monuments. The laws will be 
 rigorously enforced. The expiation shall be 
 complete. " 
 
 23.— M. Thiers reports to the Prefects that 
 the Assembly has now 80,000 soldiers within 
 Paris. " General Cissey," he said, " has taken 
 up his position from the raihi'ay station at 
 Mont Parnasse to the ficole Militaire, and is 
 proceeding along the left bank towards the 
 Tuileries. Generals Douay and Vinoy are en- 
 closing the Tuileries, the Louvre, and the 
 
MAY 
 
 1871. 
 
 JIfA V 
 
 Place Vendome, in order subsequently to ad- 
 vance upon the H6tel de Ville. _ General 
 Clinchant, having made himself master of the 
 Opera, the St. Lazare Railway Station, and the 
 Batignolles, has carried the barricades at 
 Clichy. General Ladmirault is approaching 
 the foot of Montmartre with two divisions. 
 General Montaudan, following the movement 
 of General Ladmirault, has taken Neuilly, Le 
 Vallois, Perrey, and Chehy, and is attacking 
 St. Ouen. He has taken 105 guns and crowds 
 of prisoners. The resistance of the insurgents 
 is gradually declining, and there is every 
 ground for hoping that, if the struggle is not 
 finished to-day, it will be over by to-morrow at 
 the very latest, and for a long time. With 
 respect to the killed and wounded it is impos- 
 sible to fix the numbers, but they are conside- 
 rable. The army, on the contrary, has suffered 
 but very slight loss." About 6 P.M., a second 
 circular gave intimation that the tricolour flag 
 was then waving over the Buttes Montmartre 
 and the Northern Railway Station. These 
 decisive points were carried by the troops of 
 Generals Ladmirault and Clinchant, who cap- 
 tured between 2,000 and 3,000 prisoners. 
 General Douay took the Church of the Trinity, 
 and marched upon the Mairie in the Rue 
 Drouot Generals Cissey and Vinoy advanced 
 towards the Hotel de Ville and the Tuileries. 
 The losses of the insurgents up to this time 
 were put down at 12,000 killed and wounded, 
 and 25,000 prisoners. 
 
 24-. — The morning news from Paris was that 
 the Communists still held out at the barricades 
 of the Place Vendome, and the Place de la 
 Concorde. Later in the day the startling in- 
 telligence was spread abroad that the Louvre 
 and Tuileries had been set on fire by the 
 insurgents. The Commmie, it appeared, de- 
 termined to keep its promise of perishing In a 
 sea of blood, and under a canopy of flame, fired 
 the greater number of the public buildings in that 
 ])art of the city through which they were now 
 being driven by the Versailles troops. The 
 glories of Paris, the Times correspondent wrote, 
 are rapidly passing away in smoke and flame, 
 sjch as have never been witnessed since the 
 burning of Moscow, and amid a roar of cannon, 
 a screaming of mitraiUeurs, a bursting of pro- 
 jectiles, and a horrid rattle of musketry from 
 different quarters which are appalling. " A 
 more lovely day it would be imp ssible to 
 imagine, a sky of unusual brightness, blue as 
 the clearest ever seen, a sun of surpassing bril- 
 liancy, even for Paris, scarcely a breath of wind 
 to ruffle the Seine. Such of the great buildings 
 as the spreading conflagration has not reached 
 stand in the clearest relief as they are seen for 
 probably the last time ; but in a dozen spots, 
 on .both sides of the bridges, sheets of flame 
 and awful volumes of smoke rise to the, sky and 
 positively obscure the light of the sun. As 
 well as we can mate out through the flame and 
 smoke rushing across the gardens of the Tuile- 
 ries, the fire has reached the Palais Royal. 
 
 Everyone is now crying out, 'The Palais 
 Royal burns ! ' and we ascertain that it docs. 
 We cannot see Notre Dame or the H&tel Dieu. 
 It is probable that both are fast becoming 
 ashes. Not an instant passes without an ex- 
 plosion. Stones and timber and iron are flying 
 high into the air, and falling to the earth with 
 horrible crashes. The very trees are on fire. 
 They are crackling, and their leaves and 
 branches are like tinder. The buildings in the 
 Place de la Concorde reflect the flames, and 
 every stone in them is like bright gold. Mont- 
 martre is still outside the circle of the flame ; 
 but the little wind that is blowing carries the 
 smoke up to it, and in the clear heavens it rises 
 black as Milton's Pandemonium. The new 
 Opera House is as yet uninjured ; but the 
 smoke encircles it, and it will be next to a 
 miracle if it escapes. We see clearly now that 
 the Palais de Justice, the Sainte Chapelle, the 
 Prefecture of Police, and the Hotel de Ville 
 are all blazing without a possibility existing of 
 any portion of any one of them being saved 
 from the general wreck and ruin." Exaspera- 
 ted at the success of the Versailles troops, the 
 Commune in the afternoon seemed fully deter- 
 mined to fire, with petroleum, as much of the 
 capital as they had in their possession. One 
 order found on a National Guard, set forth that 
 ' ' The citizen delegate commanding the bar- 
 racks of the Chateau d'Eau, is invited to give 
 the bearer the cans of mineral oil necessary for 
 the chief of barricades of the Faubourg du 
 Temple. Signed, Brunei, Chef de Legion." 
 In the evening, about nine o'clock, and when 
 they had possession of only a small part of the 
 city in the east, the Commune posted up the 
 last of its long series of decrees, No. 398 — 
 " Destroy immediately every house from the 
 windows of which there has been firing on the 
 National Guard, and shoot all the inhabitants 
 if they do not give up and execute the authors 
 of the crime." As many, it was said, as 
 12,000 were taken prisoners before midnight, 
 and in some quarters, where the resLstance was 
 especially stubborn, piles of corpses were built 
 up near the barricades. 
 
 24. — Massacre of the hostages in the prison 
 yard of La Roquette, principally at the instiga- 
 tion of Raoul Rigault, a ferocious profligate, 
 whom the Commune had named Procureur- 
 General, and his subordinate, Ferre, who had 
 arrived at the prison after firing the Prefecture 
 of Police with the design of burning the 
 prisoners alive. About half-past seven in the 
 evening, the Director of the prison ascended at 
 the head of fifty Federals to the gallery, where 
 the principal prisoners were confined. An 
 officer went round to each cell, summoning 
 first the Archbishop, and then in succession M. 
 Bonjean, the Abbe AUard, Fathers Ducoudray 
 and Clair, and the Abbe Deguerry, Cure of 
 the Madeleine. As the prisoners appeared, 
 they were marched down to the road running 
 round the prison, on each side of which were 
 arranged National Guards, who received the eai> 
 
 23 
 
MA V 
 
 1871. 
 
 JlfAY 
 
 lives with insults and injurious epithets. They | 
 were next taken into the courtyard facing the 
 infirmary, where they found a firing party 
 awaiting them. Monselgneur Darboy stepped 
 forward, and, addressing his assassins, uttered a 
 few words of pardon. "Do not," he said, 
 " profane the word liberty ; it is to us alone it 
 belongs, for we shall die for liberty and faith. " 
 Two of these men approached the Archbishop, 
 and, in face of their comrades, knelt before him, 
 beseeching his forgiveness. The other Federals 
 at once rushed upon them, drove them back 
 with insulting reproaches, and then, turning 
 towards the prisoners, gave vent to most violent 
 expressions. The commander of the detach- 
 ment appeared ashamed of this, and, ordering 
 silence, uttered a frightful oath, telling his men 
 that they were there "to shoot those people, 
 and not to bully thern." The Federals were 
 silenced, and, upon the order of their lieu- 
 tenant, loaded their weapons. Father Allard 
 was placed against the wall and was the first 
 shot down. Then M. Darboy, in hfs turn, fell. 
 The whole six prisoners were thus shot, all 
 evincing; the utmost calmness and courage. 
 M. Deguerry alone exhibited a momentaij' 
 weakness, attributable, however, rather to his 
 state of health than to fear. After this tragical 
 execution, carried out without any formal wit- 
 nesses and in the presence only of a number of 
 banditSj the bodies of the unfortunate victims 
 were placed in a cart belonging to a railway 
 company, which had been requisitioned for the 
 purpose, and taken to P^re-la-Chaise, where 
 they were placed in the last trench of the 
 "fosse coraiHune" side by side, without even 
 an attempt to cover them with earth. The 
 body of the Archbishop was afterwards re- 
 covered, embalmed, and laid in state. His 
 funeral, together with that of Monseigneur 
 Surat, Grand Vicar of the diocese. Father 
 Deguerry, Cure of the Madeleine, and the Rev. 
 MM. Becourt and Sabatier, the Incumbents 
 of Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle and Notre 
 Dame de Lorette, was celebrated, on the 7th 
 of June, in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, 
 by the Papal Nuncio and four of the French 
 Bishops, in the presence of the ministers of 
 State, generals of the army, and members of 
 the National Assembly. The two immediate 
 predecessors of Archbishop Darboy met with 
 violent deaths — M. Sibour, assassinated by a 
 priest in the Church of St. Etienne du Mont, 
 and M. Affre, shot on a barricade in Tune, 
 1848. 
 
 25. — The American Senate ratify the Treaty 
 of Washington by 50 votes against 12. 
 
 — Inquiry at Marlborough Street Police 
 Court, into the charge brought against Flora 
 Davy, or Newington, of having stabbed Frede- 
 rick Moon within her residence, Newton Road, 
 Westbourne Grove. Her own account of the 
 transaction was:— "We were sitting after 
 dinner at table, and Fred made an observation 
 to me about ray daughter which annOySd nie 
 excessively. I begged him not to repeat it, 
 24 
 
 for I could not stand it. Mr. Moon said, ' 1 ' 
 will say it again, and if you are not silent 1 
 will fling the bottle at your head.'" She 
 stated that she then jumped up with a knife in 
 her hand. They struggled and fell, and she 
 saw the blood pouring out but she could not 
 tell how. 
 
 25 . — The summary execution of many women, 
 in Paris, on the charge of poisoning and fire- 
 raising by petroleum, caused much comment 
 on the desperate measures found to be neces- 
 sary for suppressing the Commune. A cor- 
 respondent of the Times witnessed one such 
 scene : — "I took a walk," he Writes, "down 
 the Rue Rivoli towards the Hotel de Ville, to 
 judge of the amount of damage done, and at 
 the comer of the Rue Castiglione became aware 
 of the approach of a great crowd of people 
 yelling and shaking their fists. The cortege 
 was headed by a company of mounted gen- 
 darmes, behind whom came two artillerymen, 
 dragging between- them a soiled bundle of rags 
 that tottered and struggled, and fell down 
 under the blows showered upon it by all 
 who were within reach. It was a woman, 
 who had been caught in the act of spreading 
 petroleum. Her face was bleeding and her 
 hair streaming down her back, from which her 
 clothing had been torn. On they dragged her, 
 followed by a hooting mob, till they reached 
 the corner of the Louvre, and there they prop- 
 ped her up against a wall, already half dead 
 from the treatment she had received. The 
 crowd ranged itself in a circle, and I have 
 never seen a picture more perfect and complete 
 in its details than was presented by that scene. 
 The gasping, shrinking figure in the centre, 
 surrounded Ijy a crowd who could scarce be 
 kept from tearing her in pieces, who waved 
 their arms crying 'A I'eau, i I'eau !' on one 
 side a barricade, still strevrti with broken guns 
 and hats— a dead National Guard lying in the 
 fosse — behind a group- of mounted gendarmes, 
 and then a perspective of ruined streets and 
 blackened houses, culminating in the extreme 
 distance in the still burning Hotel de Ville. 
 Presently two revolvers were discharged, and 
 the bundle of rags fell forward in a pool of 
 blood. The popular thirst for vengeance was 
 satisfied, and the crowd dispersed in search of 
 further excitement elsewhere." 
 
 26. — MissBurdett Coutts gazetted Baroness 
 of Highgate and Brookfield in the county 
 of Middlesex. 
 
 — The insurgent position at Belleville stbrmed 
 and taken after a sharp struggle. One extra- 
 ordinary feature in the street fights at this time, 
 was that many of them Were carried on with a 
 crowd of non-combatants, men, women, and chil- 
 dren, asclosetothemon both sides as if the whole 
 affair were a thejitrical representation of a sen- 
 sational melodramatic kind, where a good derV 
 of powder and blue lights would be burnt, buV 
 no bullets or lives Would be spent. ' ' In streets 
 in which fighting actually occurs no one of 
 course shows except combatatits, and these 
 
MAY 
 
 1871. 
 
 M.IV 
 
 show as little as possible, lying down or shelter- 
 ing behind extempore barricades and windows. 
 The people indoors, as may be supposed, do 
 not keep near them, as the bullets fired down 
 the sides of the streets under cover of doorways 
 or comer houses glance and ricochet about in 
 the wildest way. Scarcely a window escapes 
 if the fight lasts long, but adjoining streets, run- 
 ning at right angles to the fighting ground, are 
 for the moment comparatively safe, and the 
 people crowd about the doorways in these, the 
 more venturesome getting close to street cor- 
 ners, and every now and then cautiously craning 
 their necks round to see, if possible, whether 
 shots tell." 
 
 27. — The Newcastle engineers strike in 
 favour of the nine hours' movement, about 
 9,000 leaving the works of Armstrong, Stephen- 
 son and others. 
 
 28. — In Paris to-day, the Commune is de- 
 scribed as " dying hard," the fighting being 
 unusually desperate in and around Belleville, 
 Menilmontant, and Pire-la-Chaise. Even the 
 women fought savagely. " No quarter was 
 given to any man, woman, or child found in 
 arms. Numerous arrests are taking place in 
 the streets of Paris, and military law is being 
 applied with the utmost rigour in all cases. All 
 prisoners are immediately sent up for judg- 
 ment to the Provost-Marshal's court at the 
 Chitelet. The executions now take place at 
 three fixed points— the Champ de Mars, the 
 Pare Monceaux, and near the Hotel de Ville. 
 Batches of as many as 50 and 100 at a time 
 are shot. No person whatever is allowed to 
 leave Paris on any pretext, unless bearing 
 a special permit signed either by Marshal 
 MacMahon or the chief of his staff. There is 
 less difficulty in entering Paris, but a.11 strangers 
 are subjected to rigorous examination, and, if 
 their papers are not satisfactory, to arrest. 
 Great dread of incendiaries still prevails ; all 
 cellar gratings, and area openings, through 
 which combustible matter might be introduced, 
 hermetically sealed." 
 
 — A proclamation, signed by Marshal 
 MacMahon, announces the delivery of Paris. 
 " Inhabitants of Paris ! " he wrote, " The army 
 of France has come to save you. Paris is 
 delivered. Our soldiers at four o'clock cap- 
 tured the last positions occupied by the in- 
 surgents. To-day the struggle is over, and 
 order, labour, and security revive." The 
 fighting appears to have ceased about 3 p.m. 
 A few shots were fired from the windows at 
 Belleville, where frightful scenes were said to 
 have been enacted. The more desperate 
 characters, felons and escaped formats of the 
 worst description, turned at the last moment 
 on their own comrades because they refused to 
 continue the fight. Some women murdered, 
 with knives, two young men for the same 
 reason. In consequence of the firing from the 
 windows an immense number of executions 
 occurred. The part of the Buttes Chaurnont 
 
 was strewn with corpses. The soldiers were 
 so furious that the officers found it necessary to 
 warn strangers of the danger of incurring 
 suspicion. Dombrowski died in the Hdtel de 
 Ville, from wounds received at a barricade in 
 the Rue d'Ornano ; and Delescluze fell fighting 
 at the Chateau d'Eau. Bisson and Tavernier 
 were captured and shot. 
 
 29. — M. Thiers orders the disarmament of 
 Paris, and the dissolution of the National 
 Guard of the Department of the Seine. 
 
 — Whit Monday kept, for the first time, as 
 a Bank Holiday, under Sir J. Lubbock's Bill, 
 recently passed. 
 
 — On a petition being brought up in the 
 National Assembly to-day relative to the capi- 
 tulation of Metz; General Changarnier made a 
 speech in which he detailed the facts that pre- 
 ceded the retreat of the Army of the Rhine 
 into that fortress, and said he must reproach 
 the Commander-in-Chief with indecision and 
 loss of time on that occasion, faults which led 
 to the fortress beiilg completely invested by the 
 Germans. Famine alone had been the cause 
 of the army in Metz being reduced to power- 
 lessness. Marshal Bazaine had not been fortu- 
 nate ; but the cession of Metz was neither 
 preconcerted nor voluntary. General Chan- 
 gamier concluded by urging the Assembly not 
 to allow an odious suspicion to rest upon gene- 
 rals who were brave soldiers and honourable 
 men. M. Thiers said he was happy to see 
 General Changarnier undertake the defence of 
 one of the most valiant soldiers of France. He 
 assented to the proposal for an inquiry ; which, 
 indeed, had been demanded by Marshal Ba- 
 zaine himself; but he left the decision upon 
 this question to the Sovereign Assembly. 
 General Le Flo, the Minister for War, then 
 ascended the tribune and said: — "The law 
 upon this subject is most formal. Every 
 Commander who surrenders a fortress to the 
 enemy must be tried before a Council of War. 
 I shall do my duty with regard to all the capi- 
 tulations — those of Metz and Sedan as well as 
 the others which occurred during the war." 
 
 — Victor Hugo expelled from Belgium 
 for offering his home as an asylum to refugee 
 Communists. 
 
 — Pere Hyacinthe, writing to the Gaulois, 
 declares that in the recent calamities which had 
 overthrown France the Church had not done 
 its duty. " Instead of the promises and teach- 
 ings of the Gospel to the disinherited of this 
 world, the Church in the noisy echoes of the 
 press, and sometimes even by the mouth of its 
 bishops, treated of matters of bitter controversy 
 about the Pope-King,^ the dogmatisation of in- 
 tolerance, and the canonisation of the Inqui- 
 sition. I do not calumniate the political and 
 religious regime that we have submitted to for 
 more than twenty years, and which is summed 
 up in these two words — ' Scepticism at Paris ; 
 fanaticism at Rome.' " 
 
 25 
 
yu.vE 
 
 1871. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 30. — "Paris," writes the Times, " the Paris 
 of civilization, is no more. It pitted itself 
 against France, and ratlier tlian be beaten has 
 destroyed itself. We may look for it, but we 
 shall find its place alone. They who have found 
 themselves scores of times at Paris, just for a 
 week's change, or on their way to and fro 
 between this and mountain or classic lands, 
 have lost the fairest vision of their lives. They 
 can no longer interpret and unfold its glories to 
 younger minds. All they have to make up 
 for it, is the sorry boast that they have seen 
 what the eye of man will never see again, for 
 twenty Haussmanns would only make a new 
 Paris — Paris revived, but not real or the 
 same." 
 
 June 1. — The morning papers publish a 
 letter from Prince Napoleon to Jules Favre, 
 charging the Republican Minister and his col- 
 leagues with the responsibility of almost all the 
 evils from which France is suffering, and point- 
 ing out how much better things were managed 
 imder the Empire. ' ' The Empire, " the Prince 
 observed, "had committed great faults; our 
 defeats were great, but our disasters date from 
 you. Let each bear his part. Without doubt 
 it was a grievous error to count too mucli upon 
 the forces of France, and to commit in 1870 
 the fault which Prussia committed in 1806 : 
 to look too much to our victories under the 
 great Republic and the First Empire ; to think 
 too little of the powerful enemy we had to 
 combat; to contemplate the Crimea in 1854 
 and Italy in 1859, instead of calmly looking in 
 the face the German forces in 1870, headed by 
 remarkable men . . . For a new society a new 
 symbol is required. It requires — and modern 
 right wills it — the abdication of all before the 
 will of the people freely and directly expressed. 
 Besides this, once more I repeat, there is no- 
 tliing.but chaos. Failh in monarchy cannot be 
 imposed. The only base upon which a Govern- 
 ment in France can affirm its principle, the only 
 source from which it can draw legitimacy and 
 force, is by an appeal to the people, which we 
 claim, and on which France ought to insist." 
 
 5. — In the Tichborne trial to-day the cross- 
 examination of the Solicitor-General pressed 
 hard upon the Claimant as to his intimacy 
 with Miss Kate Doughty. He answered with 
 great apparent reluctance, and professed for- 
 getfulness. The Solicitor-General persisted, 
 and directed his questions to the subject of the 
 sealed packet left by Roger Tichborne in the 
 hands of Vincent Gosford before he left Eng- 
 land: — The Solicitor-General^In your affidavit 
 made on the 14th of February, 1868, you say 
 you gave Gosford " special instructions to hold, 
 and not to open the same, except on two events, 
 one of which I know has not happened, and 
 the other I hope has not happened." What 
 was the event you knew had not happened ? — 
 My returning before Miss Doughty's marriage. 
 Do you swear that? — I can't swear. I don't 
 k?iow what I alluded to when I swore the a(li- 
 26 
 
 davit. Do you mean to tell the jury that you 
 did not know which of those events had not 
 happened ? — It must have been my return 
 before Miss Doughty's marriage. Is that what 
 you swear? — I may have meant my death, 
 which has not happened. (Laughter.) What 
 was the event wluch you hoped had not hap- 
 pened? — If I am called upon to state by the 
 Solicitor-General, it must be on his own 
 head. I have written the object of the sealed 
 packet in a paper which I have handed down. 
 What was the event which you hoped had not 
 happened ? — Will you look at that document ? 
 I ask you what was the event which you hoped 
 had not happened ? The witness said the ques- 
 tion ought not to be put to him, and that it was 
 not for his own sake that he objected to answer ; 
 but upon the question being again repeated he 
 answered, "The confinement of MissDoughty." 
 Do you mean to swear before the Judge and 
 jury that you had seduced Katherine Doughty? 
 — I most solemnly to my God swear that I had. 
 [This answer caused great sensation in court.] 
 Your cousin — this lady (pointing to Mrs. Rad- 
 cliffe, who sat behind the learned counsel) ? — 
 Yes. The Solicitor-General — Let it be distinctly 
 understood that Mrs. RadcliCFe is here by her 
 own wish. After some hours' cross-exami- 
 nation, the Claimant said he was exhausted, and 
 the Court adjourned. The Times, in reporting 
 the case, wrote — " Nothing but a literal report of 
 every question and every answer given, every 
 letter put in, including the contents of the re- 
 turns (the one to Victoria, New South Wales, 
 and Tasmania alone occupied 232 large, closely 
 printed pages) to the Commissioners sent out, 
 and the documents commented on, would give 
 anything like a fair notion of this extraordinary 
 trial. We might, if we adopted this course, fill 
 at least one sheet of the Times every day, and 
 even then it is impossible to convey to our 
 readers a faint idea of the manner of the wit- 
 ness, the withering sarcasm of the Solicitor- 
 General, the tone of his voice, the sensation in 
 court, and the general effect of the proceedings." 
 During the proceedings of Tuesday the 6th, 
 the Lofd Chief Justice, not being able to catch 
 a word, asked the witness to repeat it, which 
 he seemed unable to do, and finally said, " You 
 have been awfully sharp upon me, my lord. 
 You are determined I shall not have justice. 
 The other side has not wanted a counsel at 
 all." The Lord Chief Justice — " I must re- 
 quest you to be more respectful." The Claimant 
 pleaded illness this afternoon, and the case was 
 adjourned over a day. Next day the cross- 
 examination was met by a general disavowal of 
 being able to remember details. 
 
 6. — Died suddenly at his seat, Ogleworth 
 Park, Gloucestershire, Sir John Rolt, Q.C., 
 Attorney-General in Earl Derby's third Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 — Died, aged 87, the Hon. Frederick Byng, 
 a popular member of fashionable society from 
 the fl.-tys of the Regency. 
 
JUNE 
 
 1871. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 6. — The slave vessel Dan Juan takes fire 
 sixty miles south of Hong-Kong, when -the 
 captain and crew leave the ship with 500 
 coolies' to be suffocated and consumed in the 
 hold, where they were battened down. 
 
 — ■ The University of Oxford confer the 
 degree of D.C.L. on Professor DoUinger of 
 Munich. The proposal, advocated by Professor 
 Liddon, was opposed by Mr. Rogers, of Mag- 
 dalen Hall, and the Principal of St. Mary's 
 Hall, who thought the present time inopportune. 
 Professor Bernard received a similar honour on 
 the 15th. 
 
 7. — In Committee on the Burials Bill, a 
 proposal that the service, when not according 
 to a published ritual, should consist of nothing 
 but prayers and passages of Scripture, rejected 
 by 146 to 144 votes. 
 
 — Funeral of the Archbishop of Paris, and 
 the other murdered hostages. 
 
 8. — The National Assembly declares the 
 proscriptive laws abolished, and that the Or- 
 leans Princes had been duly elected. On the 
 other hand, the Princes were understood to 
 have pledged themselves to resign their seats 
 and refrain from taking part in politics at pre- 
 sent. In the debate on the occasion, M. Thiers 
 professed great friendship for the family of 
 Orleans, but declared that his friendship for his 
 country was superior to all others — a declara- 
 tion which was loudly cheered by the Assembly ; 
 imd he added ; " We have won a material 
 victory ; we shall gain a moral triumph by our 
 prudence. " 
 
 la. — In moving an address to the Crown on 
 the subject of the Alabama claims. Earl Russell 
 defended the course he had pursued as Foreign 
 Secretary, and censured the Commissioners for 
 giving a retrospective effect in the^ recent treaty 
 to certain rules of international law. The 
 action of the Government was defended by 
 Lord Granville, Lord de Grey, and the .Duke 
 of Argyll, and the motion negatived without a 
 division. 
 
 — In the Commons Mr. Cardwell announces 
 an intention on the part of Government to 
 abandon part of the Army Regulation Bill, and 
 persevere only with those clauses referring to 
 the abolition of purchase, a course described 
 by Mr. Disraeli as a breach of faith with the 
 House,. seeing that large sums had already been 
 voted for purposes of the bill.- After a brief 
 
 . debate the House went, for the ninth time, 
 into Committee, and Clause 3 was agreed to. 
 
 — Examined by the Solicitor-General as 
 to the details of school life at Stonyhurst, the 
 following questions were put to the Claimant. 
 — Did you learn the Hebrew alphabet ? — I do 
 not recollect. You learned Greek?— Some 
 portion of it. Did you go as far as the 
 Greek alphabet? — I don't remember. Did 
 you ever read a verse of the Bible in Greek ? — 
 Probably a part of it. Does any single Greek 
 word linger in your memory? — Not a word. I 
 
 don't think I ever thought of it. Did you get 
 as far as the article ? C6uld not you give me 
 " an " in Greek ? — No ; I have lost it entirely. 
 Did you get better on in Latin ? — I believe I 
 got further in Latin. Did you learn the Latin 
 alphabet ? — Of course I did. Coilld you read 
 Latin? — Yes. Could you read a line now? — 
 No ; I could not. Did you do any Virgil, any 
 Caesar? — I don't recollect. Do you know 
 whether Csssar is written in prose or verse ? — 
 I don't recollect. (A laugh.) Is Cjesaf Latin 
 or Greek ? — I should think it was Greek. 
 (Laughter.) What is Virgil — a general or a 
 statesman, or what? — I have no recollection. 
 Was he a Greek or a Latin writer? — I donk 
 recollect. Did he write verse or prose ? — I 
 don't recollect. Did you ever see it before 
 (handing a Delphin edition of Virgil to the 
 witness) ? — I don't want to look at it at all. (A 
 laugh. ) Is it Greek or Latin ? — It looks to me 
 like Greek. (Laughter.) You learned mathe- 
 matics, you say ? — Yes. Is it the same thing 
 as chemistry ?— My memory does not serve me. 
 Chemistry is a science by itself. Then what is 
 mathematics ? — I have no recollection. What 
 book have you ever read in mathematics?^ My 
 memory does not serve me. What is it — 
 written in Greek, or Latin, or what ? — I don't 
 recollect. Did you ever read Euclid ? HaS' 
 that anything to do with mathematics ?— I 
 don't recollect. I think not. (A laugh.) Has 
 algebra anything to do with mathematics ? — I 
 have no recollection. Have you read Euclid ? 
 — I believe I did, but don't recollect. Did 
 you ever hear of the Asses' Bridge ? — I don't 
 recollect. Did you ever try to get over it ? 
 (Laughter.)— I don't recollect. Did you ever 
 try to cross the Asses' Bridge? — I have no 
 recollection of it. Did anybody try his best to 
 help you over the Asses' Bridge? Did you 
 make gallant efforts, as many of us have done, 
 to get over it ? — 1 have no recollection. Do 
 you remember whereabouts it is — how far from 
 Stonyhurst? (Laughter.) — It is only insulting 
 me. Do you know it better by its Latin name, 
 ' ^ pons asinorum " ? — No. Have you forgotten 
 that A. M. D. G. stands at the head of every 
 exercise, and is printed at the head of every 
 book, at Stonyhurst? — Will you vouch that as 
 a fact? Is it so? — I don't recollect. Does 
 A.M.D.G. mean "Ad majorem Deigloriam ?" 
 — I have no doubt it does. What does it mean 
 in English? — There is God and glory — the. 
 last two words. What does L. D. S. mean? 
 — I don't know. Do they mean Laus Deo 
 semper ? — (No answer. ) Is that Latin or 
 French?— (No answer.) What is the m.ean- 
 ingof the words? — It would be "laws of God 
 for ever." (Great laughter. ) The Judge — -It 
 is difficult to restrain so large an assembly, but 
 I hope people will not laugh or make any sign 
 to interrupt the proceedings. 
 
 12 Questioned by Sir Roundell Palmer 
 
 regarding the second rule in the sixth article of 
 the Treaty of Washington, defining the duly 
 of neutrals towards belligerents, Mr. Gladstone 
 27 
 
yu/VE 
 
 1871. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 said the new rule would prevent the fitting 
 out or arming in British ports of vessels in- 
 tended to act against belligerent powers with 
 which this country was at peace, but it would 
 not interfere with the exportation of arms and 
 munitions of -war in the ordinary course of 
 commerce. 
 
 13. — The House of Lo'ds, by a majority of 
 129 to 89 votes^ agree not to insist on the Salis- 
 bury or new Test Clause introduced into the 
 University Bill, and which had been rejected 
 by the Commons. 
 
 14-. — The German Catholics circulate an 
 appeal, signed by Dbllinger, Huber, Reinkens 
 and others, declaring :— " I. We persist in the 
 rejection of the Vaticanian infallibility and 
 dogmas, which concede to the Pope personal 
 infallibility and absolute power in the Church 
 notwithstanding the opposition of the bishop=. 
 2. We persist in the firmly-grounded convic- 
 tions that the Vaticanian decrees constitute a 
 serious danger for the State and society, and 
 are irreconcilable with the laws and institutions 
 of existing States, and that their acceptance 
 would involve us in an insoluble contradiction 
 with our political duties and oaths. 3. The 
 German bishops show by their differing and 
 contradictory interpretations of the Vaticanian 
 dogmas that they know full well their novelty 
 and are ashamed of them. We deplore such 
 a use of the episcopal office." 
 
 — Fourteen people drowned at Avoch, 
 on the Moray Firth, by the upsetting of a 
 fishing-boat. 
 
 15. — Celebration of the Tercentenary of the 
 foundation of Harrow School, a former 
 master, Dr. Vaughan, proposing at luncheon 
 the toast of " Prosperity to the institution." 
 
 — The Paris Internationalists issue a 
 manifesto to,working-men, declaring that their 
 society alone could lead them to emancipation, 
 and drag into daylight capital and priestcraft. 
 "At the present moment the International 
 Society is denounced as grandly criminal ; all 
 those who capitulated, all the incapable per- 
 sons of the capital, lay at its door the misfor- 
 tunes of France and the fires of Paris. On 
 the Jules Favres, on the Trochus, and on the 
 rest, we hurl back the misfortunes of France. 
 We accept the responsibiUty of the conflagra- 
 tion of Paris. The old social system must 
 perish, and it shall perish. A gigantic effort 
 has already shaken it to its foundations. A 
 final eflbrt must uproot it entirely." 
 
 16. — The German troops engaged in the late 
 war enter Berlin in triumph. All business 
 was suspended, and as many as 200,000 
 strangers were reported to have arrived in the 
 city. The body of troops which entered 
 numbered about 42,000, consisting of the 
 Prussian Royal Guards, and picked deputa- 
 tions from all the regiments of the German 
 Federal and Allied armies, infantry, cavalry, 
 and artillery, which took three hours and a 
 28 
 
 half to march past. They were led by 
 Marshal von Wrangel, whose great age for- 
 bade him to take part in the late French war. 
 He was accompanied by other generals of the 
 army superannuated from active service. Then 
 came the Staff-officers of the commanders 
 engaged in the late war ; General Blumenthal, 
 Chief of the Staff to the Crown Prince, being 
 the most distinguished. After these, and the 
 general officers who had served, like Falken- 
 stein, as civil governors in the conquered 
 territories, rode the commanders of different- 
 army corps, and the illustrious men who com- 
 manded whole armies. — the Duke of Mecklen- 
 burg Schwerin, the Crown Prince of Saxony, 
 and Field-Marshal Steinmetz ; Generals Man- 
 teuffel, Werder, Von der Tann, and Goeben, 
 who had also commanded armies, were among 
 the party of general officers preceding. The 
 arrival of Bismarck, Moltke, and Roon, fol- 
 lowed by the Emperor, was greeted with 
 enthusiastic cheering. His Majesty appeared 
 in his field uniform and on his war-horse, a 
 dark bay. Behind him rode the Field Marshals 
 of the royal house — the Crown Prince 
 Frederick William of Prussia and of Germany, 
 on a chestnut horse, and Prince Frederick 
 Charles, on a bright bay charger. Following 
 these, the central figures of the pageant, came 
 a bevy of princes, guests of the Emperor, 
 with their personal staff, glittering in varied 
 uniforms and making a gallant show. Behind 
 these came the under officers, of various 
 German nationalities, bearing the spoils of 
 war — the eagles and the colours. The unveil- 
 ing of a statue of Frederick William HI. 
 formed a portion of the ceremonial. 
 
 17. — Giant and giantess (Captain Buren 
 and Anna Swann) married at St. Martin's-in- 
 the-Fields. 
 
 — H.M.S. Megara, after being in a leaky 
 condition for nine days, is run ashore on St. 
 Paul's Island. She was an iron screw troop- 
 ship, carrying six guns, of 1,395 tons, and '350 
 horse-power. When she sailed a series of 
 questions respecting her were put in the House 
 of Commons, and from the official answers it 
 appeared that the Megcera was employed to 
 take out to Sydney 33 officers and 350 men. 
 Complaint had been made that the ship was 
 overcrowded, and that she was unseaworthy, 
 and it was said that her crew had twice pro- 
 tested against going to sea in her. On behalf 
 of the Admiralty those allegations were denied, 
 and occasions were cited in which the Megiiera 
 had taken to the Cape more than 500 souls, 
 and to Cape Coast Castle 450, besides her crew, 
 while she had freqnently carried 400 tons of 
 cargo. Official despatches stated that the leak 
 was reported on the 8th ; on the 14th it became 
 more serious, and gained on the pumps. " Steam 
 was then used, and by the aid of the main 
 steam pumps the water was kept in check. It 
 was determined to steer for St. Paul's Island 
 in order to examine the ship, where she arrived 
 and anchored on Saturday, June 17th. A 
 
yuNE 
 
 1871. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 survey was then held, and a diver sent down 
 to examine the lealc. A hole -^as discovered 
 worn through the centre of a plate, about 12 ft. 
 abaft the mainmast and about 8 ft. from the 
 keel, port side, besides other serious injuries in 
 the immediate vicinity of the leak. " The pumps 
 were frequently choked with loose pieces of 
 iron scaling off the bottom of the ship. Under 
 these circumstances the chief engineer advised 
 that it would be most unsafe to proceed on the 
 voyage to Australia, the nearest port of which 
 lay 1, 800 miles distant. The vessel was run 
 ashore on the 1 7th, but not abandoned till the 
 19th. ' The men who first landed, with their 
 bags and hammocks, were sheltered by tents 
 made from the ship's sails, but some sheds or 
 huts already existing were used for store-houses, 
 and barracks were afterwards put up. Rice 
 was got on the island, and a little rain-water, 
 but to avoid all risk of famine, the troops and 
 crew were at once put on short allowance. 
 They were first discovered by a vessel passing 
 to Eatavia, which took oft" an officer with mails 
 and despatches. The whole were afterwards 
 relieved by the steamship Malacca, and landed 
 at Melbourne September 28th. Captain Thrupp 
 returned to England, and at once reported 
 himself at the Admiralty. 
 
 18. — Died at his residence, Savile Row, 
 aged 77 years, George Grote, the philosophical 
 historian of ancient Greece, Trustee of the 
 British Museum, and Vice-Chancellor of the. 
 University of London. He was interred in 
 Westminster Abbey on the 24th. 
 
 19. — The Commons negative after a debate 
 the clause proposed by Mr. Torrens to be intro- 
 duced into the Army Regulation Bill, provid- 
 ing that no soldier of the line be called upon 
 to serve out of the United Kingdom until he 
 shall have attained the age of twenty years. 
 
 — Died from small-pox, aged 2i years, 
 Numa Edward Hartog, Senior Wrangler, 
 Cambridge, 1870, and B.A., to which degree, 
 bting a Jew, he was admitted by a special 
 grace, dispensing with part of the oath. 
 
 — Celebration of the twenty-fifth anni- 
 versary of fhe election of Pope Pius IX. 
 Replying to an address presented by French 
 Catholics, his Holiness described the Catholic 
 Liberalism prevailing in that country as 
 more formidable than even the Commune with 
 its men who had fired Paris. 
 
 — Commencement of the sixth triennial 
 Handel Festival at the Crystal Palace. The 
 attendance at each of the great musical gather- 
 ings was : 1857. — Rehearsal, 5,844 ; first day, 
 8,629 ; second day, Q, 149 ; third day, 14, 792 
 —total, 38,414. 1859. — Rehearsal, 19,680 ; 
 first day, 17,109; second day, 17,703; third 
 day, 26,827— total, 81.319- 1862.— Rehearsal, 
 19,63 ; first day, 15,694; second day, 14, 143 ; 
 third day, 18,567— total, 67,567. 1865.— 
 Rehearsal, 15,420; first day, 13,677; second 
 dav, 14,915; third day, 15,422— total, 59,434. 
 isfeS.^Rehearsal, 18,597; first day, 19.217; 
 
 second day, 21,550; third day, 23,101 — total, 
 82,465. 1871. — Rehearsal, 18,676 ; first day, 
 21,946; second day, 21,330; third day, 23,016 
 —total, 84,968. 
 
 21.— The new Hospital of St. Thomas 
 (designed by Currey, the foundation-stone of 
 which had been laid by the Queen in May 
 1868) opened by her Majesty, who arrived at 
 Paddington from Windsor in the forenoon, 
 and drove across the Parks to Westminster 
 and Lambeth, accompanied by several mem- 
 bers of the royal family. The treasurer, 
 Mr. Hicks, received the honour of knighthood 
 on the occasion. 
 
 23 Garden party at Buckingham Palace, 
 
 the Queen, in the language of the official 
 accounts, giving a breakfast from half-past 
 four to half-past seven p.m. 
 
 — Closing of the subscription lists for the 
 French loan of 80,000,000/. The amount was 
 subscribed for twice over. 
 
 24. — The decennial representation of the 
 Passion Play commenced at Oberammei^au. 
 Two thousand spectators were present, a large 
 number being English and American. 
 
 — Cobden Club Dinner, presided over 
 by Earl Granville, who defined the policy of 
 the deceased statesman as liberty in things 
 political, in things religious, and in things 
 material, 
 
 26. — Came on before Mr. Justice Lush 
 and a common jury, the case of Pantaleoni v. 
 Vaughan, an action for libel brought by the 
 head of the religious hospital S. Sperito, at 
 Rome, against the proprietor of the Tdblet. 
 The libel complained of was published in a 
 letter in the Tablet oxi the 19th of November, 
 1870. It stated that Dr. Pantaleoni turned 
 out all the religious in the hospital after he 
 became director. He was banished from 
 Rome in 1862 for complicity in the Fauste 
 conspiracy, which had for its object the assas- 
 sination of the King and Queen of Naples, 
 the officers of the Zouaves, and the Prince 
 Torlonia, the destruction of the Alliberta and 
 other Pontifical theatres. On seeing the letter 
 the plaintiff". Dr. Pantaleoni, wrote to the 
 defendant, with whom he was personally 
 acquainted, explaining that he was exiled from 
 Rome at the time referred to, and that he 
 knew nothing of the conspiracy. The paper, 
 in again referring to the matter, stated that the 
 correspondent in Rome justified what he had 
 written, and the editor in a footnote said they 
 had the evidence of their correspondent against 
 the plaintiff's assertion, and the public could 
 draw their own conclusions. Mr. Day this 
 morning said that Dr. Vaughan, as soOn as he 
 became aware of the publication, expressed 
 his -sorrow, and used every means in his 
 power to retract the statements contained in 
 the libel, and he then took the opportunity of 
 doing so in the fullest manner. The defendant 
 entertained every respect for the plaintiff, and 
 29 
 
JULY 
 
 1871. 
 
 JULY 
 
 believed there was no ground whatever for the 
 charge. A verdict was then taken for the 
 plaintiff by consent — damages 250/., to cover 
 costs. 
 
 29. — The Emperor and Empress of Brazil 
 arrive in London, in the course of an extended 
 tour through Europe. The Queen took an 
 early opportunity of conferring the Order of the 
 Garter on her illustrious visitor, who manifested 
 unwearied activity during his sojourn in Britain. 
 In London the royal party occupied apartments 
 In Claridge's Hotel. 
 
 — The Ballot Bill passes into Committee 
 by 326 votes to 232 given in support of an 
 amendment, that the order be read that day six 
 months. 
 
 30. — Lord Salisbury moves an address to 
 the Crown against the scheme of the Endowed 
 School Commissioners, for the management of 
 Emanuel Hospital. The plan, he maintained, 
 was part of a centralizing scheme, intended to 
 break up the local administration, and to place 
 the power in London in a body appointed by 
 the Government, influenced by the particular 
 philosophic project of the day, and out of 
 sympathy with rural populations. The differ- 
 ence between old-fashioned Christian en- 
 thusiasm and the philosophic enthusiasm of 
 the present day was that the Christian was 
 content to give of his own money for what he 
 desired to support, while the philosopher 
 always tried to do it by getting hold of some- 
 body else's. Lord Halifax ihaintained that 
 the Commissioners had faithfully observed the 
 intentions of the Legislature, and Lord Law- 
 rence, as Chairman of the London School 
 Board, thought the scheme of the Commis- 
 sioners would give a great impulse to the 
 primary education of the country. On a 
 aivision. Lord Salisbury's motion was carried 
 by 64 to 56 votes. 
 
 — The Household Brigade reviewed be- 
 fore the Queen in Bushey Park. 
 
 July 2. — King Victor Emmanuel enters 
 Rome as the new capital of his dominions. A 
 grand banquet was held in the afternoon, and in 
 the evening, when the king passed to the Apollo 
 Theatre, the greater part of the city was illu- 
 minated. He returned to Florence next day. 
 
 — Between 80 and 90 supporters of M. 
 Thiers returned out of the 113 supplementaiy 
 elections which take place in France. Bona- 
 pirtists and Legitimists were beaten in most 
 places. 
 
 3. — The Army Regulation Bill read a third 
 time in the House of Commons, the final 
 discussion taking place on a motion submitted 
 by Mr. Graves: — "That the bill for the better 
 regulation of the army having been narrowed to 
 an object which will entail on the country an 
 ascertained expenditure of several millions, 
 besides a large permanent charge of which no 
 estimate has been submitted, this House is un 
 30 
 
 willing thus to add to the pressuie of existing 
 taxation by entering on a course of unknown 
 expenditure, and, declining to commit itself to 
 premature action, awaits from her Majesty's 
 Government a mature and comprehensive 
 scheme of army reform calculated to place the 
 military system of the country on a sound and 
 economical basis." The motion was rejected by 
 239 to 231 votes, the majority being made up 
 of 204 English, 44 Irish, and 41 Scotch mem- 
 bers ; and the minority of 199 English, 25 
 Irish, and seven Scotch. The number of absent 
 English members was 89, of Irish 33, and of 
 Scotch 12. The only Conservatives whio voted 
 with the Government on this occasion were 
 Colonel Napier Sturt, and Colonel Vandeleur. 
 Seven Liberals joined with the minority. 
 
 3. — -The Emperor of Brazil attends the 
 Common Pleas to hear the continued cross- 
 examination of the Claimant in the Tichbome 
 case. At this time questions were being 
 asked in Parliament in reference to the ad- 
 journment of the case till November. The 
 Judge said he had received a letter from Lady 
 Doughty, imploring that the trial might not be 
 postponed. The Solicitor-General and the 
 attorney of the defendants disclaimed any 
 previous knowledge of the letter. The Judge 
 spoke of it as reprehensible, but excusable. 
 Lady Doughty said — " I take the liberty of 
 imploring your lordship to take into considera- 
 tion my advanced age — seventy-six next August 
 — and my failing health, so increased from the 
 intense suffering caused by the cruel charges 
 brought against my now only child. I am also 
 deputed, by the guardians of the infant, and 
 every member of the Tichbome and Arundel 
 families, to pray your lordship not to oppose 
 the efforts we are making for no delay in the 
 hearing of this cause. I trust that your lord- 
 ship will not consider this communication in 
 any otherlight than the outpouring of a mother's 
 heart." During the day the Claimant was 
 questioned respecting the titles of some of the 
 books which Roger had left with Mr. Gosford. 
 He knew nothing of either Gustave de 
 Beaumont, Attila, or the Practicf of Elocu- 
 tion: —The Solicitor-General— Who was Crom- 
 well?— He was the Commonwealth man. 
 Who did you say?— I say he was the Common- 
 wealth. Well, not exactly. Now, here is a 
 Life of John Bunyan. Who was he ? — ^John 
 Banyan ! I've read the book, I know ; but I 
 ft.rget now who he was. What sort of a fellow 
 was John Bunyan? — Quite the reverse of what 
 you are But I don't recollect who he was: 
 Was he a sportsman ? — -You can ask me as 
 many foolish questions as you like. I say I 
 don't know who he was — \Vas he a General, 
 Bishop, or master of foxhounds? — I teU you I 
 can't say. — What is a misanthrope — it is a 
 word used by you frequently in letters? — I 
 don't know that I made use of it. I cannot 
 say what it is. Is it a bird, beast, or fish ?— 
 Well, I think I used it in regard to some 
 books. Cross-examination closed to-day 
 
JULY 
 
 1871. 
 
 JULY 
 
 with information relative to the Tichborne 
 Bonds,' on which it was alleged 35,000/. had 
 been raised. 
 
 5. — The Count de Chambord issues a pro- 
 clamation, in which he promises not to attempt 
 any disturbance of the existing order of things, 
 but tells his countrymen that he holds himself 
 in readiness to take the crown whenever they 
 shall thiuk fit to ofifer it to him, and to establish 
 a regime combining monarchy with universal 
 suffrage, and a parliament of two Chambers. 
 " I will not," he concluded, " be silent because 
 ignorant or credulous people have spoken of 
 Privileges, of Absohitism, of Intolerance, and 
 of I know not, what besides — of tithes, of 
 feudal rights, phantoms which the most auda- 
 cious bad faith seeks to conjure up before your 
 eyes. I will not allow the standard of Henry 
 IV., of Francis I., and Joan of Arc to be torn 
 from my hands. It is with that flag that our 
 national unity was made, it was with that flag 
 that your forefatiiers, led by mine, conquered 
 that Alsace and Lorraine whose fidelity will be 
 our consolation in our misfortunes. It con- 
 quered barbarism on that African soil, which 
 witnessed the first deeds of valour of the princes 
 of my family ; it is it which will conquer the 
 new barbarism with which the world is now 
 threatened. I shall confide it without fear to 
 the valour of our army ; it has never, as that 
 army knows well, been found but in the path 
 of honour. I received it as a sacred deposit 
 from the aged King, my grandfather, as he was 
 dying in exile ; it has always been for me in- 
 separable from the memory of my absent 
 country ; it floated above my cradle, I wish it 
 to droop over my grave. In the glorious folds 
 of that stainless banner, I shall bring you order 
 and liberty. Frenchmen, Henry V. cannot 
 desert the white flag of Henry IV." 
 
 e.^Double murder in France, department 
 of Indre-et-Loire. A man named Delalande, 
 known for his dissipated habits, killed M. de 
 Vonne, the Mayor of Sache, and as the curate, 
 an old man of seventy-eight years, was bringing 
 the holy oil to anoint the body of the deceased, 
 the assassin fired again, and the curate fell 
 mortally wounded. The terror caused by these 
 murders was so great among the inhabitants 
 that the body ot the curate was suffered to 
 remain three hours in the public road. 
 
 — Meeting of Liberal members at the resi- 
 dence of Mr. Gladstone, to devise measures for 
 hastening the progress of the Ballot Bill through 
 the House. 
 
 — In committee on the Ballot Bill, Mr. G. 
 Bentinck, resenting what he called the curt and 
 not very courteous remarks of the leader of the 
 Opposition on gentlemen below the gangway, 
 said a long career of political tergiversation and 
 apostasy had placed the right hon. gentleman 
 in a position which subjected him to observa- 
 tions. ("Order, order!") Many years ago 
 the right hon. gentleman spoke of the Govern- 
 ment of the day as an "organized hypocrisy," 
 
 and that suggested that the proper description 
 of the late Government would be that it was a 
 disorganized hypocrisy. The chairma^ ruled 
 that the hon. member was out of order in 
 alluding to past events. Next, turning to the 
 Prime Minister, Mr. Bentinck said he had 
 complained of time being wasted, but no one 
 had for years delayed business by speeches so 
 much as he himself had done. In a long, 
 didactic oration the right hon. gentleman com- 
 mented upon the bad habit of imputing motives ; 
 but he was guilty of that offence when he said 
 that speeches were made solely for the purpose 
 of creating delay. As soon as Mr. Newdegate 
 rose a great many members on the Liberal side 
 (in accordance with the tactics resolved upon 
 at the meeting in the afternoon) immediately 
 quitted the House, and the whole of the 
 benches were soon empty. Only two or three 
 Ministers on the Treasury bench, and three 
 independent members behind them, were left 
 to represent the party on the Speaker's right 
 hand. In order to maintain the equilibrium of 
 the assembly a number of the Consei-vatives, 
 amid general laughter, crossed to the deserted 
 seats and delivered strong denunciations of the 
 Ballot from the places usually occupied by 
 advanced Radicals. The speaking was carried 
 on exclusively by Conservatives, and provoked 
 no reply. About ten o'clock a division was 
 taken, and Mr. Newdegate's motion for adjourn- 
 ment defeated by 154 to 63. 
 
 6. — Waverley costume ball at Willis's 
 Rooms in aid of fund to complete the Scott 
 Monument at Edinburgh. 
 
 7. — Adjournment of the Tichborne case 
 after a trial of forty days — a course opposed by 
 Mr. Serjeant Ballantine, and insisted on by 
 Mr. Hawkins, who stated that the observations 
 he had addressed to the court were made 
 under a sense of responsibility to his clients, 
 and he cared nothing for the observations of 
 Mr. Serjeant Ballantine, knowing the quarter 
 whence they came. The Lord Chief Justice 
 — "I regret very much that such an observa- 
 tion should have fallen from any learned 
 counsel. The observation of the learned 
 counsel requires an apology upon the spot." 
 (The learned counsel having made no response, 
 his lordship proceeded, tu3"Ding to the jury) — 
 "Gentlemen, I regret that it is not made." 
 Before the case was suspended, however, Mr. 
 Hawkins, at the suggestion of the Judge, 
 withdrew the expression. (See January 15, 
 1872.) 
 
 8 . — Treaty agreed to by the Second Chamber 
 at the Hague, transferring the Dutch settlement 
 on the West Coast of Africa from Holland to 
 Britain. 
 
 — Complimentary breakfast at the Crystal 
 Palace to members of the company of the 
 "Comedie Fran9aise," whose performances 
 were brought to a close this evening. Lord 
 Dufferin presided. 
 
 31 
 
JULY 
 
 1871 
 
 JULY 
 
 9. — Died, aged 76, Dr. Alexander Keith 
 Johnstone, F. R. S., among the most eminent 
 of modem geographers. 
 
 10. — At a meeting of Conservative Peers, it 
 is resolved that the Duke of Richmond should 
 give notice of an amendment expressing the un- 
 willingness of the House to read the Army Bill 
 a second time until a complete and comprehen- 
 sive scheme of army reorganisation shall have 
 been laid before it. 
 
 11. — The Ecclesiastical Titles Repeal Bill 
 passes through committee in the Lords, and the 
 Burial Bill is read a third time and passed. 
 To meet the case of children working in brick- 
 fields, in whose behalf Lord Shaftesbury moved 
 an address to the Crown, Lord Morley promised 
 to introduce a clause into the Factory Act 
 Amendment Bill, presently before the House. 
 
 — The Saxon troops engaged in the late 
 war make a triumphal entry into Dresden. 
 The Bavarian troops entered Munich on the 
 t6th. 
 
 — Collision early this morning, in the 
 Channel, off the Eddystone lighthouse, between 
 the ship Madagascar, 1,311 tons, Captain 
 Brunswick, belonging to South Shields, bound 
 from London to Quebec, and the screw-steamer 
 Widxeqn, of Cork, proceeding from Liverpool, 
 
 with a general cargo and passengers for 
 Rotterdam. The bow of the Madagascar cut 
 into the Widjieon midway between the funnel 
 and the wheel, crushing the sailor at the wheel 
 so severely that he was taken to the hospital. 
 The water rushed into the stoke-hole and 
 extinguished the fires. The steamer sank at 
 2,30 A.M., and the ship at 5 •A-.m. All hands 
 of both vessels, sixty-one persons, were picked 
 up by a trawling sloop, and brought into 
 Plymouth. 
 
 — Died at. Milan, the Princess Christina 
 Belsiojoso, an enthusiastic worker for the unity 
 of Italy. 
 
 12.— Commenced at the Central Criminal 
 Court, before Lord Chief Justice Bovill, the 
 trial of Edmund W. Pook, for the murder of 
 Jane Maria Clousen, in Kidbrooke Lane, 
 Eltham. The case was protracted to the 
 evening of the i6th, when the jury, amid a 
 tempest of applause, returned a verdict of Not 
 Guilty. In his charge the Chief Justice com- 
 mented in strong terms On the conduct of the 
 police, who appeared, he said, to have from the 
 first assumed the guilt of the prisoner, and 
 strained every piece of evidence so as to ensure 
 a conviction against him. The acquittal of 
 Pook led to disorderly gatherings before his 
 father's house at Greenwich, and to legal pro- 
 ceedings against parties for printing and selling 
 accounts of his supposed connection with the 
 . murder. 
 
 — Serious Orange riots in New York, the 
 military firing upon the disturbers of the peace, 
 killing, it was reported, over thirty and wound- 
 ing 170. Lieutenant James Fisk was among 
 the latter. • 
 
 32 
 
 14-.— William Frank Gosney, a lad of 20, 
 sentenced at the Central Criminal Court to ' 
 fifteen years' penal servitude for attempting to 
 murder Dr. De Meschin, of the Middle Temple, 
 whose room had been taken possession of, and 
 books stolen by the prisoner during the Doctor's 
 temporary absence abroad. 
 
 16. — In the case of Harriet Newington 
 or Davy, indicted for the manslaughter of 
 Frederick Moon, the jury return a verdict of 
 guilty, and Baron Channell, expressing his 
 entire concurrence in its justice, sentenced her 
 to eight years' penal servitude. The prisoner 
 again declared her innocence. " We lived 
 together," she said, "most happily. The whole 
 of his consideration had been to promote my 
 happiness, and I have studied his. I could not 
 have done him any injury. It was in the 
 struggle. He was going to throw a bottle, and 
 I jumped up quickly. He tried to take the 
 knife from me. I am not sure whether he got 
 it or not. We struggled and fell. I thought 
 at first I must be the one injured. I found 
 blood on me — warm blood. I said, 'Oh, 
 Fred ! what have you done ? ' Then I found, 
 of course, it was him, not myself. I tried all 
 I could to do something to stop it. First of all 
 I applied cold water ; then I remembered that 
 cold water produced blood instead of stopping 
 it. Then I sent for ice and tried that. Then 
 the doctors came." The prisoner fainted on 
 hearing her sentence. 
 
 17. — The Army Bill thrown out in the House 
 of Lords on the proposal for a second reading 
 by 155 to 130 votes. Lord Salisbury interposed 
 a pungent speech between those of the Duke of 
 Argyll and the Foreign Secretary, declaring 
 that though the Government talked of seniority 
 tempered by selection, the more correct formula 
 would be stagnation tempered by jobbery. By 
 rejecting the bill, the Times thought,.the Lords 
 had adopted an ill-advised course, and made 
 the abolition of purchase the question of the 
 day. 
 
 19. — Lorraine Museum, formerly a ducal 
 palace, destroyed by fire, the ancient tapisserie 
 of Charles le Temeraire being the only portion 
 saved. 
 
 — Signor Mario makes his farewell ap- 
 pearance at Covent Garden as Fernando in 
 Donizetti's opera, "La Favorita." 
 
 20. — Marshal Serrano announces in the 
 Cortes the resignation of the Spanish Ministry. 
 Zorilla afterwards accepted the direction of 
 a.ffairs. 
 
 — In a crowded and anxious House, Mr. 
 Gladstone announces the intentions of the 
 Government regarding the rejection of the 
 purchase part of the Army Bill by the Lords. 
 Replying to Sir George Grey, he said that by 
 statute there was no purchase -but what was 
 permitted by the Queen's Regulations. The 
 House of Commons having condemned pur 
 chase, and a Royal Commission having declared 
 that those regulation prices could not be put an 
 
JULY 
 
 I87I. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 end to except by the extinction of purchase as 
 a system, the Government had resolved to ad- 
 vise her Majesty to take the decisive step of 
 cancelling the Royal Warrant under which pur- 
 chase was legal. That advice had been accepted 
 and acted on by her Majesty. The new war- 
 rant had been framed in terms conformable 
 with the law, and from the 1st of November 
 next purchase in the army would no longer 
 exist. The Government had no other object 
 in view but simplicity, despatch, and the ob- 
 servance of constitutional usage. (Cries of 
 "Oh!" from the Opposition, answered by 
 Ministerial cheers.) Amid many disorderly 
 interruptions, Mr. Disraeli and several other 
 members taunted Government with having 
 appealed to the prerogative of the Crown for 
 the purpose of relieving them from a difficulty 
 of their own devising. A bitter discussion 
 broke out again in committee on the Ballot 
 Bill, when Mr. Forster said it was necessary 
 to pass the measure, in order to throw the 
 responsibility of its rejection on the House of 
 Lords, a proceeding described by the leader 
 of the Opposition as an avowed and shameful 
 conspiracy. On the Chairman calling attention 
 to these words, they were at once withdrawn, 
 and the discussion proceeded. 
 
 20. — Royal Warrant issued declaring that 
 *'On and after the 1st day of November in this 
 present year, all regulations made by Us or 
 any of Our Royal predecessors, or any Officers 
 acting under Our authority, regulating or fixing 
 the prices at which any Commissions in Our 
 Forces may be purchased, sold, or . exchanged, 
 or in any way authorizing the purchase or sale 
 or exchange for money of any such Commis- 
 sions, shall be cancelled and determined. " 
 
 21. — In the Willoughby Peerage case (in- 
 volving also the dignity of Lord Great Cham- 
 berlain), the House of Lords decide that the 
 Dowager Lady Aveland had made out her 
 claim as the nearest co-heiress. 
 
 — The Grand Duke Constantine of Russia 
 arrives in London. 
 
 25 Tried at Stafford Assizes, before Mr. 
 
 Baron Pigott and a special jury, the case of 
 Hatherly v. Odham, an action for libel against 
 the registered publisher of the Guardian news- 
 paper. The alleged libel was in the form of 
 letters criticizing the plaintiff's attempt, as a 
 member of the Greek Church, to create a 
 schism in the' Church at Wolverhampton by 
 the help, it was said, of "silver weapons." 
 The jury gave a verdict for the plaintiff, vrith 
 40J, damages and costs. 
 
 26. — Commencement of court-martial on 
 board 'One Royal Adelaide flag-ship to try Capt. 
 Beamish, Lieut. Bell, and Staff-Commander 
 Knight, for negligently stranding the Agincourt 
 on the Pearl Rock, Gibraltar, on 1st February, 
 Admiral Codrington presiding. The hearing 
 of evidence and speeches in defence was con- 
 tinued till the 8th August, when the Court 
 delivered judgment, finding the charge proved, 
 •• 33 ■ 
 
 and severely admonished Capt. Beamish and 
 Staff-Commander Knight. Lieut. Bell was 
 simply admonished. 
 
 26 Died at Cowes, aged 78, the Hon. J. 
 
 Slidell, one of the Southern States Commis- 
 sioners, seized on board the Trent in 1863. 
 
 27. — M. Jules Favre resigns his position as 
 French Minister of Foreign Affairs. 
 
 29. — Professor Dbllinger elected Rector of 
 the University of Munich by 54 votes against 6. 
 
 31. — Died suddenly, from the bursting of a 
 blood-vessel, the Very Rev. Dr. Mansel, Dean 
 of St. Paul's, in his 51st year. 
 
 — After a sharp debate in the Lords, the 
 Duke of Richmond carries, by 162 to 82 votes, 
 the resolution he had submitted in connection 
 with the second reading of the Army Bill : — 
 " That this House, in assenting to the second 
 reading of this bill, desires to express its opinion 
 that the interposition of the Executive during 
 the progress of a measure submitted to Parlia- 
 ment by her Majesty's Government, in order to 
 attain, by the exercise of the prerogative, and 
 without the aid of Parliament, the principal 
 object included in that measure, is calculated 
 to depreciate and neutralize the independent 
 action of the Legislature, and is strongly to be 
 condemned ; and this House assetits to the 
 second reading of this bill only in order to 
 secure the officers of her Majesty's army the 
 compensation to which they are entitled conse- 
 quent on the abolition of purchase in the army. " 
 
 — The Ministerial proposal for an annuity 
 of 15,000/. to Prince Arthur carried by 289 
 votes to 51 against a proposal to reduce the 
 amount to 10,000/. 
 
 — In Committee on the Ballot Bill, the 
 Commons reject the Ministerial proposal to 
 throw election expenses on the public rates by 
 253 to 162 votes. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales, accompanied by 
 Prince Arthur, the Princess Louise, and the 
 Marquis of Lome, anive in Dublin on a visit 
 to the Lord-Lieutenant. 
 
 August 1. — Memorandum agreed to con- 
 cerning a new social movement originated by 
 Mr. Scott Russell to improve the condition of 
 the working classes by an alliance of workmen 
 with Conservative statesmen. ' ' We appre- 
 ciate," they said, " the confidence thus shown 
 to be placed in us ; we fully recognize the 
 national necessity of a hearty good feeling 
 between the different classes of society ; we 
 believe that this good feeling can and ought 
 to be secured where both parties are in earnest 
 on the subject. Awaiting communications from 
 the Council, we readily engage to give an 
 attentive consideration to the measures which 
 may be hereafter submitted by them to our 
 judgment. At the same time we do not con- 
 ceal from ourselves that the task which we have ' 
 been requested to undertake is not free from 
 difficulty. We cannot become parties to any 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1871. 
 
 Auausi 
 
 legislation, which we do not believe to be con- 
 sijSteiit with the real interests of all classes. 
 We must reserve to ourselves the most unfet- 
 tered discretion in the selection of objects, and 
 in the modification or rejection of measures 
 pi-oposed to us for consideration ; and we must 
 hold ourselves free, either collectively or indi- 
 vidually, to retire from the task to which we 
 have been invited whenever we may be of 
 opinion that our assistance is not likely to be 
 for the advantage of the public or satisfactory 
 to ourselves. — Salisbury, Carnarvon, Lichfield, 
 Sandon, John Manners, John S. Pakington, 
 Stafford Northcote, Gathome Hardy." 
 
 1. — In, consequence of the defeat of his Go- 
 vernment on the Decentralization Bill, M. 
 Thiers announces in the Salle des Conferences 
 that the factious conduct of the Right left hitn 
 no alternative but to resign. He relired from 
 the hall with four of his Ministers, declaring 
 that he would call for a vote of confidence on 
 the following day. 
 
 — Tlie M'Fadden family — husband, wife, 
 and two children^-attacked in their residence 
 at Errandsey, Londonderry, and, all but mur- 
 dered by the brothers M 'Callog, who had been 
 concerned in litigation with their victims. 
 
 — The Army Bill, introduced first as a 
 Reorganization Bill, then an Abolition of 
 Purchase Bill, and; finally a Corripensation 
 Bill, passes the House of Lords. 
 
 a, — In the course of his opening address to 
 the British Association, the chairman for the 
 year, Sir W. Thompson, made reference to the 
 origin of life on the globe in terms which gave 
 rise to considerable controversy. "I confess," 
 he said, "to being deeply impressed, by the 
 evidence put before us by Professor Huxley, 
 and, I am ready to adopt, as an article of scien- 
 tific faith, true through all space and through 
 all time, that life proceeds from life, and from 
 nothing but life. How, then, did life originate 
 on the earth?" Remarking that we have no 
 right to assume an abnormal creative act in 
 order to answer this question, if it can be 
 answered otherwise, the president suggested 
 that the first germs of life were brought to this 
 wtorld by fragments of matter detached from 
 other worlds in which life had previously 
 existed, just as islands springing up in the 
 ocean are covered with vegetation by the seeds 
 which float in the water and the air. " Hence, 
 and because we all confidently believe that 
 there are at present, and have been from time 
 ii;[imemoriai, many worlds of life besides our 
 own, we must regard it as probable in the 
 highest degree that there are countless and 
 seed-bearing, meteoric stones moving about 
 through space. If at, the present instfint no 
 life e^cisted upon tijis- earth, one such stone 
 falling Jjpon it. might, by wh.at we blindly call 
 natural causes, lead to its becoming, covered 
 with .vegetation. I am fully couspioHs of the, 
 tnany scientific objections, which may be urged 
 against this hypothesis, but I believe thssn lo 
 34 
 
 be all answerable. The hypothesis that life 
 originated on this earth through moss-grown 
 fragments from the ruins of another world may 
 seem wild and visionary; all I maintain is that 
 it is not unscientific." 
 
 3. — James Nimmo, Glasgow, poisons three 
 of his children with prussic acid, and then com- 
 mits suicide by swallowing a portion of the 
 same drug. 
 
 4.— The Ballot Bill passed through Com- 
 mittee in the Commons. 
 
 5.— Cooper's Hill College, founded by the 
 Secretary of State and Council of India for 
 training civil engineers in the Indian service, 
 opened by the Duke of Argyll, 
 
 — Colonel Hogg, as Chairman of the Metro- 
 politan Board of Works, lays the foundation 
 stone of the Chelsea section of the Thames 
 Embankment, extending along the river front 
 of the Hospital to Battersea Bridge. 
 
 6.— Riot in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, arising 
 out of the interference of the police with a 
 Fenian amnesty meeting, called to neutralize 
 the loyal demonstration made in favour of the 
 royal visitors presently residing with the Lord- 
 Lieutenant. About sixty were injured, several 
 of whom were policemen, struck by stones, 
 apparently carried to the place of meeting for 
 purposes of attack. 
 
 — Dedication services, in. the English Church, 
 at Zermatt, built partly as a memorial of the 
 disastrous ascent of the Matterhom by English 
 travellers in July, 1865. 
 
 7. — Trial of the Communist prisoners com- 
 menced at Versailles. The indictment gave an 
 account of the proceedings, of the International 
 prior to the insurrection, and of the various 
 crimes which followed the revolt of the i8th 
 March. Charges then followed, first against 
 Assi, who was accused of incitement to civil 
 war, of usurpation of civil and military powers, 
 of having assumed Government functions, and. 
 assisted in issuing orders, the consequence of 
 which were devastation, massacre; pillage, 
 arson, and assassination. All the accused were- 
 further charged with conspiring for the over- 
 throw of the Government, with incitement to 
 civil war, and usurpation of office and power. 
 Courbet was specially accused of complicity 
 in the destruction of the Vendome Column ; 
 LuUier of attempts to carry destruction, mas- 
 sacre and pillage into Paris, of taking posses- 
 sion of city property appertaining to the Slate, 
 and of inciting soldiers to join the ranks of th& 
 rebels. Grousset stood charged with active 
 participation in the revolt, with public incite- 
 ment to contempt of existing laws and of thei 
 National Assembly. Verdure, Billioray, and; 
 Ferrewere arraigned for arbitrary confiscations, 
 wanton destruction uf private dwelling-houses 
 and public monuments, sacrilegious pillageof 
 churches, and assassination, they having voted, 
 for the execution of the hostages; Jourde was 
 further charged vvith financial transactions 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1871. 
 
 AUGUS7 
 
 involving the violation of the seals of the 
 public chests and the squandering of public 
 charities. All the members of the Commune 
 were made responsible for the destruction of 
 property by fife. The number of prisoners 
 was said to be 33,000. 
 
 8.— The Ballot Bill read a third time in the 
 House of Cdmraons. 
 
 9 — The centenary of the birth of Sir 
 Walter Scott celebrated in various towns in 
 Scotland by festive gatherings. At Edinburgh, 
 where the highest interest was naturally mani- 
 fested, there was an exhibition of Scott relics — 
 books, pictures, and manuscripts — and the day 
 observed in the city as a holiday. The banquet 
 there was presided over by the Earl of Dalkeith 
 (in the absence of his father, the Duke ot 
 Buccleuch) ; and the toast of the evening, "The 
 Memory of Sir Walter ScOtt," proposed by Sir 
 Wm. Stirling Maxwell. Dean Stanley attended 
 at Edinburgh, and Professor JoWett at Glas- 
 gow, where also was present Sheriff H. G. 
 Bell, one of the few survivors of those who 
 took part in the memorable Theatrical Fund 
 Dinner in Edinburgh, Feb., i&27, when Sir 
 Walter acknowledged himself to \x. the sole 
 and undivided author of the Waverley Novels. 
 
 10. — Lord Shaftesbury's motion to reject the 
 Ballot Bill, on the ground of the late period at 
 which it was Sent up to the Hou'Se, carried 
 after a brief debate by 97 to 48 votes. 
 
 — Died suddenly at Lochearnhead Hotel, 
 Perthshire, i» his 4Sth year, Charles Buxton, 
 M.P.for East Surrey. 
 
 — Meeting of a council of skilled; workmen 
 to consider a report prepared by Mr, Scott 
 Russell, detailing the result of his three months' 
 negotiations to secure the support of Conserva- 
 tive leaders to his scheme for a union of work- 
 men and noblemen. The party was rei?orted 
 to be thoroughly and successfully united in a 
 representative council of peers and legislators. 
 
 11 Explosion! in Prentice's gull-cottort 
 
 factory at Stowmarket, Suffolk, causing the 
 death of twenty-four people, injury to seventy, 
 and a great destruction of property in the 
 ■ neighbourhood. Two members of the firm 
 were among the killed. During the last f^w 
 weeks, experiments had been carried on by 
 Government officials, tending to Show that, 
 under the' regulations observed at Stowmarket, 
 the cartridges made there would not explode. 
 A dense column of smoke was observed to rise 
 high into the air, spread itself out gradually 
 into a fan-like shape, and then came a terrific 
 roar, heard, it was said, at distances varying 
 •from twelve to, fourteen miles. As the result 
 of a lengthened inquiry before the coronet", a 
 jury found— "That the explosion causing the 
 deaths of persons on whorti this inquest was 
 held was produced by some person or persons 
 unknown adding, sulphuric acid to the gun- 
 cotton subsequent to its passing the tests re- 
 paired by Government. At the same time we 
 consider, from the evidence adduced, that there 
 
 is no danger in the manufacture of gun-cotton 
 in the wet process, but that the drying and 
 storing of gun-cotton should not be allowed 
 near a town. Also, we consider that gun-cotton 
 works should be subject to constant Govern- 
 ment inspection." Another explosion, but less 
 disastrous, took place at this time in the powder- 
 Works of the Schultze Company, situated in the 
 heart of the New Forest. 
 
 12. — ^The Emperors of Germany and Austria 
 have an interview at Ischl. 
 
 — Proposals submitted to the French As- 
 sembly for prolonging the power of M. 1" hierS. 
 The first, brought forward by the Left Centre, 
 gave ' M. Thiers the title of President of the 
 Republic, continued his power for three y^ars 
 imless in the meantime the Assembly Should 
 dissolve itself, and made the Ministers (to be 
 appointed by the President) responsible to the 
 Assembly. The proposition Of the Right 
 simply declared the confidence of the Assembfy 
 in the wisdom and - patriotism of IVt. ThiefS, 
 and confirmed and continued the powers con- 
 ferred upon him at Bordeaux. 
 
 15. — The' Commons' agree to the Lords' 
 amendments on the Army Bill'y after a discus- 
 sion, having reference chiefly to the Ministerial 
 expedient of resorting to the Royal prerogative 
 for the abolition of purchase. 
 
 IS. — Fire in Burlington Arcade, resulting, in 
 the destruction of several shops. 
 
 17. — Unveiling of the statue erected Off the 
 Thames Embankment to Commemorate the 
 services of Lieut. -Gen. Sir JaflieS- Outram:, 
 G.C.B. In the absence of fhe Secretary for 
 India, Lord Halifax m-ade a short speSchi Ott 
 the occasion. 
 
 18. — Replying to some criticism made' in the 
 House on the view he' privately m-alntairted on 
 the Army Bill, Sir Rouridefl Piliwei! -Writes to 
 Mr. Card Well : — " I have always thou'gfit arid 
 Said that the issuing of such a warrint Was 
 within the undoubted power of the CrOwri ; 
 though to do so without having a sufficient 
 assurance that Parliament would provide the 
 necessary compensation for the officers, who 
 would otherwise suffer by such an exercise of 
 Royal power, would not be just, and therefore 
 would not be consistent with the spirit of the 
 Constitution, which vests all such powers in the 
 Crown, in the confidence, and for the purpose, 
 that right, riot wrong, shall be done. I should 
 have been glad' if if had been generaflly and 
 clearly understood from the beginning thaf, 
 subject to the sense of Parliament being' ascef^ 
 tained with reference to the point of coflipett- 
 sation, the form of procedure woald be that 
 which was eventually adopted, because it ife 
 certainly an evil that the adOpfiofl' of' One con- 
 stitutional mode of procedure, father than 
 another, should appear to arise frbm an adverse 
 vote' of the House of Lords." 
 
 — The' screw-steamer Conipe'ef, ladert wild 
 flax, stranded on the coast, near Berwick, aild 
 D 2 3S 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1871. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 bleaks up early next month during a severe 
 easterly gale. 
 
 19. — Admiralty minute in the case of the 
 Agincourt issued. "Their lordships are of 
 opinion that the primary cause of the disaster 
 was clearly the unsafe course steered by the 
 squadron in obedience to signals from the flag- 
 ship. It appears that Vice-Admiral Wellesley, 
 on leaving Gibraltar, conducted the squadron 
 under his command so close to the western 
 shore of the bay that, with the weather fine 
 and clear, and the wind light, the leading ship 
 of the in-shore division struck on the Pearl 
 Rock, and was in imminent danger of being 
 wrecked. Their lordships cannot but feel that 
 due care was not exercised by the Vice- Admiral 
 in command to insure that a safe course should 
 be steered by his squadron ; and they greatly 
 regret that, with such large and valuable ships 
 in his charge, he did not satisfy himself, by ex- 
 amination of the course proposed, and by seeing 
 them laid off on the chart, that the squadron 
 would be taken a safe distance from a well- 
 known and dangerous shoal." As the result 
 of their deliberations, their lordships superseded 
 Vice-Admiral Wellesley and Rear-Admiral 
 Wilmot, and placed Staff-Commander Kiddle 
 on half-pay. 
 
 20. — Celebration of the Beethoven centenary, 
 commenced at Bonn, under the direction of 
 Franz Liszt. 
 
 21. — An insane woman at Stow Bedon, 
 named Hamer, wife of a labourer, murders one 
 of her own children by cutting its throat, and 
 also a deaf and dumb idiot, 18 years of age, 
 the daughter of her husband by a former 
 marriage. 
 
 — Parliament prorogued by Commission, the 
 Royal Speech read on the occasion, making 
 special reference to the Treaty of Washington, 
 as embodying certain rules for the guidance of 
 neutrals, ' ' which may, I trust, ere long obtain 
 general recognition, and form a valuable addition 
 to the code of International Law. " 
 
 — Hurricane and earthquake at St. Thomas 
 causing the loss of much property, and the 
 injury or death of over 100 people. 
 
 23. — Festivities at Inverary in connection 
 with the arrival of the young Marquis, and 
 Princess Louise, at the castle. The rejoicings 
 extended over three days. 
 
 — ^Renforth, a famous Tyne oarsman, seized 
 with a fatal attack of apoplexy while 
 rowing in the Anglo-Canadian boat-race at 
 St. John's, New Brunswick. It was at first 
 thought that some drug had been maliciously 
 administered to the champion puller, but a post- 
 mortem examination made it clear that death 
 resulted from causes which could be otherwise 
 accounted for. 
 
 24. — West Surrey, vacant through the death 
 of Mr. C. Buxton, carried by Mr. Watney, Con- 
 servative, against Mr. Leveson Gower, Liberal, 
 ,the numbers being 3,912 to 2,749. 
 36 
 
 24. — .Stormy debate in the French Assembly 
 on a proposal made for the immediate dis- 
 solution of the National Guard. A compromise 
 proposed by General Ducrot was adopted, 
 which provided for such gradual dissolution 
 as might be permitted by the reorganization of 
 the army. 
 
 27. — Illness of the Queen at Balmoral. Vari- 
 ous recent rumours as to her Majesty's health 
 received some confirmation from the announce- 
 ment in the Court Circular : — "The Queen has 
 been suffering from severe sore-throat, head- 
 ache, and grave general illness. Although 
 greatly better, her Majesty was not sufficiently 
 recovered to attend Divine service. " 
 
 28. — The freedom of Glasgow presented to 
 Lord Shaftesbury. 
 
 — Died, aged 78, Paul de Kock, French 
 novelist. 
 
 29. — It is announced from Vienna that a 
 "League of Peace" has been formed at 
 Gastein, to be directed against any power seek- 
 ing to disturb the peace of Europe. Not only 
 Austria and Germany, but Italy also, and per- 
 haps even Russia, were descrilied as likely to 
 join the League. 
 
 September 1. — Walter Montgomery, late 
 manager of the Gaiety Theatre, and who had 
 been married only two days since, committed 
 suicide by discharging a pistol through his 
 head in a bedroom adjoining an apartment 
 occupied by his young wife. Deceased was 
 interred in Brompton cemetery on the 5th, 
 when Mrs. Montgomery dropped on the coffin 
 the wreath of orange blossom she had worn 
 so recently at the altar. 
 
 2. — The Court at Versailles pronounced 
 judgment on the first group of Communist 
 prisoners. Ferre and LuUier were condemned 
 to death ; TTrbain and Trinquet to imprisonment 
 for life with hard labour ; Assi, Billioray, 
 Champy, Regere, Paschal Grousset, Verdure, 
 and Fei-rat to transportation to a fortress ; 
 Jourde and Rastoul to simple transportation ; 
 Courbet to six months' imprisonment and a fine 
 of 5oof. ; and Clement to three months' im- 
 prisonment. Descamps and Parent were ac- 
 quitted. The Court afterwards engaged in the 
 trial of forty women, charged with being con- 
 cerned in firing Paris with petroleum. 
 
 3. — Another riot in Dublin, a disorderly mob 
 returning from an amnesty meeting attacking 
 the police, and injuring about a score of them 
 severely. 
 
 — Accident on the French Northern Railway 
 at Seclin, near Lille, a Paris express running 
 into an ordinary train from Douai. Ten pas- 
 sengers were killed. 
 
 — The Bishop of Winchester, presently the 
 guest of Mr. EUice, M.P., Invergarry, preached 
 in the parish church. Glengarry, observing the 
 usual Presbyterian form. The Archbishop of 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 York officiated in the same place the following 
 Sunday. 
 
 6.— Explosion in the Moss Colliery, Wigan, 
 causing the death of sixty-nine men and boys 
 employed in what was known as the nine-feet 
 seam. As soon as the surface damage could be 
 repaired, a band of explorers descended one of 
 the shafts and found that the men working in 
 another part of the mine were safe. They were 
 drawn up, along with some who were nearest 
 the shaft in the pai-t where the explosion had 
 occurred. Anotlier explosion took place while 
 the explorers were below ; and although they 
 came up uninjured the sides of the pit were 
 reported to be on fire. It then became necessary 
 to close the shaft, so that all hope was given up 
 of saving any other of the large body of work- 
 men known to be in the pit. 
 
 — Meeting at Salzburg between the Em- 
 perors of Germany and Austria, to complete, 
 it was given out, certain details of the League 
 of Peace. 
 
 y.^Died unexpectedly, of puerperal fever, in 
 her 22nd year, Sybil Grey, Duchess of St. 
 Albans. 
 
 — Brighton poisoning case, the magistrates 
 to-day committing Miss Christina Edmunds for 
 trial on the charge of attempting to poison a 
 lady named Boyes by sending her a cake with 
 arsenic in it. A charge of murder in reference 
 to the sudden death, with symptoms of strych- 
 nia poisoning, of the little boy Sidney Albert 
 Barker was next gone into. The theory of the 
 prosecution in this case was, that the prisoner 
 had conceived a guilty passion for Dr. Beard, 
 with whose family she was on visiting terms ; 
 that she had attempted to poison his wife with 
 a chocolate cream ; and that then. Dr. Beard 
 suspecting her, she had procured a number of 
 such sweetmeats, put strychnia upon them, 
 and returned them to the shop of Mr. Maynard, 
 a Confectioner from whom they were pro- 
 cured, in order that other persons might 
 be made ill, or even killed, and suspicion 
 diverted from her in respect of the attempt 
 to poison Mrs. Beard. After the inquest on 
 the boy his father received three anonymous 
 letters to the effect that there was a genera] 
 feeling of indignation in the town at the pro- 
 ceedings at the inquest, blaming Mr. Maynard 
 strongly for having sold the chocolate creams 
 after having been warned, urging Mr. Barker 
 to take further proceedings ; and stating that 
 if he did not prosecute Mr. Maynard other 
 parties would, and that, having made three 
 persons ill, he ought to be prosecuted. An 
 expert who had examined the letters believed 
 them to have been written by the same hand as 
 others known to have come from the prisoner. 
 On being committed on this capital charge she 
 exhibited no signs of emotion or regret. 
 
 8.— The appointment of the Rev. R. W. 
 Church to the Deanery of St. Paul's gazetted. 
 
 10.— Died, aged 77 years, Richard Bentley, 
 publisher, founder, in conjunction with Chailes 
 Dickens, of the periodical known as "Bentley's 
 Miscellany." 
 
 11. — Foundation-stone of a new Seaman's 
 Orphan Institution laid at Newsham Park, 
 Liverpool. 
 
 13. — Opening of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, 
 the first train, with the engineer, Grattoni, 
 and some friends, passing through to the 
 northern outlet in 40 minutes. The maximum 
 temperature inside the carriages was 25 deg. 
 centigrade. Two hours later the train returned 
 to the Italian side, the journey occupying 55 
 minutes. The tunnel was then found entirely 
 clear of the steam discharged during the pre- 
 vious journey. The fonnal opening of the tunnel 
 took place on the i8th, when a banquet was 
 held to celebrate this great achievement of 
 engineering skill, and a statue of Poleocapa, 
 Minister of Public Works for Sardinia, was 
 unveiled by the King at Turin. 
 
 — The Doncaster St. Leger won by 
 Baron Rothschild's Hannah, which had before 
 carried off the One Thousand Guineas and 
 Oaks. To make the Baron's triumph unpre- 
 cedented in turf annals, he had also carried off 
 the Derby with Favonius. 
 
 — The King of Spain enters Barcelona in 
 the course of a tour through the eastern portion 
 of his dominions. 
 
 14. — Continued anxiety being still mani- 
 fested regarding the health of the Queen, the 
 British Medical jfournal announces that her 
 Majesty has passed through a trying and severe 
 illness, from which she is now happily re- 
 covering. 
 
 16. —First mimic battle of the campaign 
 undertaken by three divisions of regular troops, 
 militia, and volunteers, in the district round 
 Aldershott fixed in the ' ' Military Manoeuvres 
 Act" of last Session. The first division, com- 
 prising the Guards, under the command of 
 Lieutenant-General Sir Hope Grant, repre- 
 senting the British army in defence of the road 
 to London, was engaged at the same time 
 in repelling the attacks of the second division, 
 under Major-General Carey, and of the third 
 division, under Major-General Sir Charles 
 Staveley. 
 
 18. — Explaining his position as mediator 
 in the strike still pending among the engineers, 
 the Mayor of Newcastle writes : — "I was asked 
 by Sir William Armstrong whether I was 
 authorized by the representatives of the men to 
 make such a proposition. I replied that, for 
 obvious reasons, I was not, but that, neverthe- 
 less, I beheved that if I, as a neutral party, 
 proposed it equally to both parties, they would 
 accede to it. Some further conversation en- 
 sued, on which I retired. I believe that the 
 unwillingness of the masters to agree to this 
 proposition arose from the hard and fast Iii\e 
 adopted by the men as to the nine hours, and 
 37 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 from their great haste in commencing the 
 struggle, as evinced by their indisposition to 
 lengthen their notices — a great mistake, in my 
 view, on their part. But I was then and am 
 still of opinion that, even with both parties 
 equally resolute in their own views, a conference 
 of explanation, undertaken at the request, 
 through myself, of influential inhabitants of the 
 town, might have ended in some modification 
 on one or both sides, and have so brought this 
 conflict, sad in every respect, to an end, and it 
 was with this view I proposed it." Mr. Burnett 
 also wrote on the part of the men, blaming the 
 employers for continuing the strike. 
 
 18. — Died, aged 69, G. A. Hamilton, for 
 many years Permanent Secretary of the Trea- 
 sury, and latterly a member of the Irish Church 
 Temporalities Commission. 
 
 19. — Died, aged 73, Rev. Richard William 
 Jelf, D.D., Canon of Christ Church, and for- 
 merly Principal of King's College, London. 
 
 20. — Chief Justice Norman stabbed at 
 Calcutta by a fanatical Wahabee named Ab- 
 doola, a native of Upper Bengal. The 
 assassination took place as Mr. Norman was 
 entering the Calcutta High Court, when his 
 a'isailant suddenly rushed upon him in the 
 vestibule and inflicted a deep wound in the 
 abdomen with a dagger. As there was no 
 one at hand except a native solicitor and a court 
 servant, Mr. Norman ran back, but was fol- 
 lowed by the assassin brandishing his dagger, 
 and again stabbed in the back close to the 
 spine. After this, Mr. Norman kept off his 
 assailant for a few seconds by picking up stones 
 and throwing them at him, till a punkawalla 
 connected with the court, attracted by the 
 cries, ran up to the Mussulman and knocked 
 him down with a piece of wood. The assassin 
 Struggled violently, but was soon disarmed and 
 prevented from doing further injury. The stabs 
 he had already inflicted, however, caused 
 mortal wounds, and Mr. Norman only lingered 
 till shortly ^fter one o'clock next morning. 
 The murderer, who at first pretended insanity, 
 was quickly tried and executed, and his body 
 burnt. 
 
 — Mr. Butt, a Home Rule candidate, 
 returned for Limerick unopposed. 
 
 — Dr. Patteson, Bishop of Melanesia, 
 murdered by natives of Santa Cruz, in revenge 
 it was thought for gross outrages recently 
 committed by Europeans engaged in the slave 
 or "labour" trade. Mr. Brooke, with 
 another clergyman, the Rev. J. Atkin, an 
 alumnus of St. John's College, Auckland, and 
 one or two native Christians, had been left for 
 a few months, in pursuance of the regular plan 
 of the Mission, at Florida, a small member of 
 the Solomon Islands group, some distance to 
 the north-west of Santa Cruz. At the end 
 of August, the Bishop called for them in the 
 Southern Cross, and took them aboard. After 
 visiting several islands on the way, they made 
 foi Santa Ci'uz, and on the 20th of September, 
 
 38 
 
 reached, not the large island which gives its 
 name to the group, but one of its small out- 
 liers, Nupaka, at which the Mission schooner 
 had been accustomed to call first, in order to 
 procure an interpreter for Santa Cruz itself, 
 where the language had not yet been mastered. 
 On this occasion no boats put off to meet 
 them. This was an unusual circumstance, 
 which in itself gave an indication of danger. 
 But four canoes hovered near the reef, and the 
 Bishop, taking with hira Mr. Atkin and three 
 natives, put off in a boat to join them. The 
 boat could not cross the reef, and the Bishop, 
 leaving the rest of the crew in charge, went 
 ashore in a canoe belonging to two chiefs 
 whom he knew, Taula and Motu. The boat 
 remained near the reef at about ten yards 
 distance from the canoes. Suddenly, with- 
 out any warning, a volley of eight arrows 
 was poured from them into the boat's crew. 
 Every shot at that short distance took effect. 
 Mr. Atkin was shot in the left shoulder, 
 one of his companions in the right, and 
 Stephen Taroaniara was trussed with six 
 arrows in his shoulders and chest. The 
 boat immediately pulled off to the ship. The 
 wounded crew were replaced by a fresh one, 
 with the exception of Mr. Atkin, who, in spite 
 of his wound, was obliged to act as pilot ; and 
 they started again, with sad presentiments, to 
 ascertain what was become of the Bishop, who 
 had been left ashore. The tide had risen and 
 the boat pulled over the reef. What followed 
 maybe told in Mr. Brooke's own words: — "No 
 canoes approached — but a teuantless one, with 
 something like a bundle heaped up in the 
 middle, was floating alone in the lagoon. The 
 boat pulled up to this, and took the heap or 
 bundle out of it and brought it away, a yell of 
 triumph rising from the beach. As they 
 pulled alongside, they murmured but one word — 
 ' The body. ' " That was indeed their melan- 
 choly freight ; but it had been strangely and 
 carefully prepared for them. It was no 
 murder or deed of blind vengeance executed 
 in the sudden fury of the moment. It wore 
 the aspect of a deliberate judicial act, and 
 suggested the idea of a sacrificial victim sent 
 forth as a ghastly herald to announce its solemn 
 completion to the foe. There lay the body, 
 not mutilated or insulted, but wrapped care- 
 fully in native matting, and tied at the neck 
 and ancles. Into the breast was thrust a 
 palm frond on which were tied five thick knots! 
 When the covering was removed, the manner 
 of his death became apparent He had pro- 
 bably been first shot by a volley of arrows, and 
 then despatched by the blow of a tomahawk. 
 The right side of the skull was found to be 
 completely shattered, the top of the head was 
 cloven by some sharp weapon, and there were 
 numerous arrow-wounds about the body. Yet 
 amidst all this havoc and ruin, says the 
 narrator of the sad spectacle, "the sweet face 
 still smiled, the eyes closed, as if the patient 
 martyr had had time to breathe a prayer for 
 these his murderers. There was no sign of 
 
SMPtember 
 
 1871. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 agony or terror. Peace reigned supreme in 
 that sweet smile, which will live in our remem- 
 brance as the last silent blessing of our revered 
 Bishop and our beloved friend." So fell at 
 "his post the first Bishop of Melanesia, happier 
 in one respect by his immediate death than his 
 two companions in martyrdom. Atkin died of 
 his wounds on the 27th, and Stephen on the 
 28th. fiishop Patteson, the eldest son of the 
 late Mr. Justice Patteson, was bom on thfe ist 
 of April, 1827, went out to New Zealand with 
 Bishop SelWyn in 1854, and was consecrated 
 Bishop of Melanesia by Bishops Selwyn, Abra- 
 ham, and Hobhouse in St. Paul's Church, 
 Auckland, on St. Matthias's Day, i86l. 
 
 ai. — M. Rochefort sentenced by the Ver- 
 sailles tribunal to imprisonment for life in a 
 fortified place. 
 
 — The Chief Justice of Utah territory 
 instructs the grand jury, that bigamy there 
 was a crime as elsewhere in the United States, 
 and ordered his officers of Court, if they knew 
 of anyone practising polygamy, to bring indict- 
 ments against them as criminals. 
 
 — Inquiry commenced into the charges 
 brought against the management of Hampstead 
 Small Pox Hospital. 
 
 -^ Murder and suicide in a railway carriage 
 oil the Manchester iiid Liverpool line, a man 
 named Wanlen first shooting his wife, froifi 
 Vvhom he had been separated lately, and then 
 himself. 
 
 E2.-^Placing the case of the Nevicastle 
 masters before the country in the TiMes, to-day. 
 Sir Williatn Armstrong points out the loss 
 which would come to the employer by the 
 ■shottehed vi^orking of his plant. " AS a mdre 
 arithmetical tjuestioft, a reduction from 59 to 
 54 hours a week j-epresents a money gain to 
 the workman of about 84 pet cent, oh the 
 price of his labour. To the employer the 
 direct loss is of course the same ; but the indi- 
 rect loss must be matter of estimate, varying 
 in each particular instance. In my own case, 
 I should certainly regard it as equal to the 
 direct loss On iicages, and I believe that en- 
 gineers iti general would concur in the sub- 
 stantial accuracy of this estimate. Upon this 
 view the reduction of time claimed by our men 
 would be attended wi'h a gain to them of 84 
 per cent, on the amount Of their wages, and of 
 a loss to us equal to 17 per cent, on the same 
 amount. To suppose that the average profits 
 of the trade have of late years been such as 
 to admit of a deduction to that extent is 
 absurd." 
 
 — Opening of the Old Catholic Congress 
 at Munich, presided over by tterr Wolf. A 
 report read declared that they recognized the 
 Roman Primate oiily so far as the same is 
 recognized in accordance with the writings of 
 the Fathers of the Church and the decisions of 
 Councils. A hope was expressed that the re- 
 union of the Catholic Church with the Greek 
 and Eastern Russian Churches may be accom- 
 
 plished, as well as thai a gradual understand- 
 ing with Protestantism and the Episcopal 
 English and American Church may be arrived 
 at. Dr. Dbllinger delivered an historical dis- 
 sertation on the Church of Utrecht, 
 
 22. — The Hampshire military manoeuvres 
 brought to a close with an inspection by the 
 Commander-in-Chief at Aldershott. The force 
 on the ground comprised a grand total of 
 30,233 men. Si 701 horses, and 90 guns. 
 
 — Died, aged 52, Irwin Lewis Willis, the 
 ' ' Argus " of the Post's sporting columns. 
 
 — Transatlantic Company's ship Lafayette 
 burnt at Havre. 
 
 24.— Died, aged 85, Louis I. Papineau, a 
 leader in the Canadian revolt of 1837. 
 
 — Died, aged 66, Satouel Solly, F.R.S., 
 surgeon, 
 
 26. — Acknowledging the compliment of the 
 freedom of the city of Aberdeen conferred upon 
 him to-day, Mr. Gladstone said, if the doctrine 
 of Home Rule were to be established in Ire- 
 land, they would be just as well entitled to it in 
 Scotland ; " and, moreover, I protest on behalf 
 of Wales, in which I have lived a good deal, 
 and where there are 800,000 people, who to 
 this day, such is their sentiment of natioiiality, 
 speak hardly anything but their own Celtic 
 tongue — a larger number than speak the Celtic 
 tongue, I apprehend, in Scotland, and a larger 
 number than speak it, I apprehend, in Ireland 
 — I protest on behalf of Wales that they are 
 entitled to Home Rule there. Can any sensible 
 man, can any rational man suppose that at this 
 time of day, in this condition of the world, we 
 are going to disintegrate the great capital insti- 
 tutions of this country for the purpose of making 
 ourselves ridiculous in the sight of all mankind, 
 and crippling any power we possess for bestow- 
 ing benefits through legislation on the country 
 to which we belong?" The Prime Minister 
 admitted one grievance — "a grievance with 
 regard to university education, which is not so 
 entirely free in Ireland as it has now been made 
 in England ; hut that is an exceptional subject, 
 and it is a subject on which I am bound to say 
 Ireland has made no united demand upon 
 England; still, 1 regard it as a subject that 
 calls for legislation ; but there is no demand 
 which Ireland has made and which England 
 has refused, and I shall be very glad to see 
 such a demand put into a practical shape in 
 which we may make it the subject of (;andi4. 
 and rational discussion." 
 
 — Mr. Disraeli presides at the annual dinner 
 of the Hughenden Horticultural Society. In 
 proposing the health of the Queen, the right 
 hon. gentleman spoke of the state of her 
 Majesty's health, whieh, he said, had for 
 several years been the subject of anxiety to 
 those about her; but it was only this year 
 that the country generally had become ao- 
 
 ?uainted with the gravity of her condition, 
 le believed there was some improvement 
 39 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 in her Majesty's health, but he feared that a 
 long time must elapse before her Majesty 
 would be able to resume the performance of 
 those public and active duties which it was 
 once her pride, and pleasure to fulfil, because 
 they brought her in constant and immediate 
 contact with her people. '*The fcLct is," he 
 added, "we cannot conceal from ourselves that 
 her Majesty is physically and morally incapa- 
 citated from performing those duties ; but it is 
 some consolation to her Majesty's advisers to 
 know that, with regard to those much higher 
 duties which her Majesty is called upon to 
 perform, she still performs them with a punctu- 
 ality and a precision which have certainly 
 never been surpassed, i nd rarely equalled by 
 any monarch of these realms." 
 
 27. — Writing from Balmoral to Mr. 
 "Whalley, the Prime Minister replies to a 
 question which the member for Peterborough 
 had put, on the part, he said, of his consti- 
 tuents; — "I quite agree with those of your 
 constituents, on whose behalf you address 
 me, in thinking that the question * Whether 
 the Prime Minister of this country is a mem- 
 ber of the Church of Rome,' and being such 
 not only declines to avow it, but gives through 
 a long life all the external signs of belonging 
 to a different communion, is a ' question of 
 great political importance,' and this not only 
 * in the present, ' but in any possible ' condition 
 of the Liberal,' or any other 'party.' For it 
 involves the question whether he is the basest 
 creature in the kingdom, which he has a share 
 in ruling ; and instant ejectment from his office 
 would be the smallest of the punishments he 
 would deserve. If I have said this much 
 upon the present subject, it has been out of 
 personal respect to you. For I" am entirely 
 convinced that, while the question you have 
 ■put to me is in truth an insulting one, you 
 have put it only from having failed to notice 
 its true character ; since I have observed, 
 during an experience of many years, that even 
 when you undertake the most startling duties, 
 you perform them in the gentlest and most 
 considerate manner. " 
 
 — Emancipation Bill passed in the Brazilian 
 Senate by 33 to 4 votes. 
 
 30. — Exhibition at South Kensington closed, 
 having been visited during the season by 
 1, 142, 154 persons. 
 
 October 1. — The King of Spain returns to 
 Madrid after a tour of thirty days in the 
 provinces, where he met with an enthusiastic 
 reception. 
 
 — Brigham Young arrested by the United 
 States authorities, on a charge of lewdly 
 cohabiting with sixteen young women. Troops 
 were also despatched at this time to Salt Lake 
 City. 
 
 — Rev. C. Voysey, deprived of the vicar- 
 age of Healaugh by the Judicial Committee of 
 
 40 
 
 the Privy Council, opens regular services in 
 St. George's Hall, Langham Place. 
 
 2. — The Spanish Cortes abandon the pro- 
 posed liquor tax, but impose a duty of 1 1 per 
 cent, on travellers and merchandize conveyed 
 by railways. Another duty was imposed on 
 shares and bonds. 
 
 — Mechanics' Institute at Bradford, erected 
 at a cost of 32,500/., opened by Mr. Forster, 
 M. P. , with an address, in which he reviewed 
 the recent action of Parliament on the subject 
 of education. 
 
 — Insurrectionary movements in the city 
 of Mexico. The bulk of the garrison proved 
 true to their allegiance, and shot, it was said, 
 150 of the insurgents, 
 
 — Died at Dublin, aged 79, Sir Thomas 
 Deane, architect, formerly President of the 
 Royal Hibernian Academy. 
 
 4. — Triple explosion in the premises of an 
 oil and colourman in Manor Street, King's 
 Road, Chelsea. 
 
 — Died, aged 77, John Scott, of Malton, 
 the trainer of sixteen St. Leger and four 
 Derby winners. 
 
 — Mayor Hall, of New York, attends the 
 Nashville Police-court to offer bail for his 
 appearance to answer the charges of appro- 
 priating and misusing the public funds of the 
 city. 
 
 6. — Newcastle strike closed after lasting 
 nineteen weeks. The conditions of agreement 
 conceded fifty-four hours per week, the men 
 to work overtime when and to what extent 
 might be required by the employers. Wages, 
 both as to ordinary wages and as to overtime, 
 to remain the same in the different factories as 
 existed prior to the strike ; and to be paid 
 weekly at 12. 15 P.M. on Saturday. The agree- 
 ment to be for twelve months, with permission 
 to either party to terminate it at the end of six 
 months, by giving one month's previous notice. 
 The men to go to work on the arrangement 
 now existing in the shops {fifty-seven hours), 
 and the new terms (fifty-four) to take date from 
 January i, 1872. 
 
 7.— Died, aged 89, Field Marshal Sir John 
 Burgoyne, a Peninsular veteran, and comm'and- 
 mg engineer at the siege of New Orleans. 
 
 8.— Murder of Mrs. Watson, Stockwell 
 Crescent, by her husband, the Rev. J. Selby 
 Watson, for twenty-five years head-master of 
 Stockwell Grammar School, and well known 
 m the literary world as the biographer of 
 Warburton and Person. This (Sunday) even- 
 mg the servant left the house, and did not 
 return to it until nearly ten o'clock. When 
 she returned, Mr. Watson told her that her 
 mistress had left for the country, and would be 
 absent five or six days. On Monday morning, 
 Mr. Watson called at the shop of Mr. Turner 
 a packing-case maker, carrying on business at 
 No. 219, Clapham Road, and requested to 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 iZyi. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 see the proprietor. The rev. gentleman was 
 then very cool and collected, and upon Mr. 
 Turner making his appearance he said to him : 
 " I want you to make a large chest for me, 
 and I want it done sharp ; and it must be air 
 and water tight, for I want to send it by rail. " 
 The box was afterwards countermanded, but 
 a measurement of the crouched body of Mrs. 
 Watson, showed that it would have gone into 
 such a one as was ordered. On Tuesday he 
 went to a chemist's shop, where he was well 
 known, and asked for some prussic acid. 
 This was refused him, but he must have ob- 
 tained some kind of mixture, for on his return 
 home he told the girl that if anything happened 
 to him in the night she was to send at once to 
 Dr. Rugg. On the morning of the nth he 
 rose as usual, and wrote some letters, which he 
 left upon the dressing-table, one of them being 
 addressed ' ' To the Surgeon. " He then went 
 to bed again, and about eleven o'clock the 
 servant heard him making a moaning noise, 
 and she immediately went to Dr. Rugg, stating 
 that her master was in a fit of apoplexy. Dr. 
 Rugg went to the house, where the servant put 
 the following letter into his hand : — " In a fit 
 of fury I have killed my wife. Often and 
 often have I endeavoured to restrain myself, 
 but my rage overcame me, and I struck her 
 down. Her body will be found in the little 
 room off the library. I hope that she will be 
 buried as becomes a lady of birth and position. 
 She is an Irish lady, and her name is Anne. 
 The key is in a letter on the table." Dr. 
 Rugg immediately went upstairs to Mr. 
 Watson, • whom he found very weak and 
 speechless, apparently suffering from some 
 violent poison. As the result of medical 
 treatment he recovered, and was removed to 
 the police station. The body of Mrs. Watson 
 had in the meantime been found. Both 
 temples were beaten in, and there was a deep 
 wound in the forehead. A document in the 
 prisoner's handwriting explained his wishes 
 in the event of his death, but gave no clue to 
 a motive for the crime. "I know not," he 
 wrote, " whose business it will be to look to 
 property left, as my little possessions will be 
 my books and furniture. My only brother was 
 living when I last heard of him five or six 
 years ago in America, at 82, Grand Street, 
 Williamsburgh, and a niece with him. He is 
 my heir if he is still alive. I know not if I 
 have any other surviving relatives. One 
 quarter's wages will soon be due to my servant, 
 and I should wish the sum to be more than 
 doubled for her on account of the trouble 
 which she will have at the present time, and the 
 patience vrith which she has borne other troubles. 
 In my purse will be found 5/. los. I leave a 
 number of letters, many of them very old, 
 with which I hope that those who handle them 
 will deal tenderly." 
 
 8.— Burning of the city of Chicago, founded 
 in 1832, and having now a population of over 
 300,000. This overwhelming disaster was at first 
 
 reported to have been caused by a cow kick- 
 ing over a kerosene oil lamp in a stable, andso 
 setting fire to the straw litter gathered there ; 
 but the ofiRcial report of the Fire Commissioners 
 appointed to investigate its origin did not 
 favour this surmise as to the cause of the 
 calamity. All that could be established by 
 evidence was that a drayman named Sullivan 
 observed the fire after it had made some ' pro- 
 gress in a two-storey frame bam, in the rear of 
 premises No. 137, Dekoren Street, owned by 
 Patrick Leary. This was about half-past nine 
 P.M., when the whole of the inmates were 
 in bed and asleep. Witnesses living near the 
 site of the outbreak, thought that from ten to 
 fifteen minutes elapsed between the alarm and 
 the arrival of the first engine. On reaching 
 the fire, three or four buildings in the block 
 were burning fiercely, favoured by a strong 
 breeze from the south-west, which spread the 
 flames rapidly among the old wooden buildings 
 in that part of the city. Early in the evening, 
 indeed, it was seen that the entire Fire 
 Department, though working with the ut- 
 most energy, could do little to counteract the 
 progress of the flames. A little after ten 
 o'clock a sudden gust carried the fire across the 
 river, between Van Buren and Adams Streets, 
 by means of flying brands, and set fire to 
 Powell's roofing establishment, adjoining the 
 gasworks. Before this time, the watchman in 
 the Court House cupola had twice extin- 
 guished the fire caught from brands carried 
 by the wind into the Court House balcony 
 from the west side, a distance of a mile. At 
 II o'clock the keeper of the crib of the lake 
 tunnel, two miles from the shore and three 
 miles from the fire, found the sky full of sparks 
 and burning brands, and from H.30 till morn- 
 ing, he testified, wrought with all his might to 
 prevent the wooden roof of the crib from burn- 
 ing up and destroying himself and wife. From 
 Powell's roofing establishment the progress of 
 the fire was rapid and terrific, sweeping every- 
 thing in its course. The engines had all been 
 working on the west side, and they could not 
 reel 600 feet of hose each, cross the river 
 and get to work soon enough to prevent its 
 spreading, literally, on the wings of the wind. 
 Blowing up buildings in the face of the breeze 
 was tried, and without any benefit. The 
 Court House and waterworks, though a mile 
 apart, were burning at the same time. Gun- 
 powder, however, was used for blowing up 
 buildings next day, with good effect, in 
 cutting off the fire at the extreme south 
 end. After the waterworks fell, the fire- 
 men could do httle good with their engines, 
 except on the banks of the river. It ap- 
 peared at one time as if the flames no 
 sooner reached a wall than they passed quite 
 through it. A few minutes sufficed to destroy 
 the most elaborately built structure ; the walls 
 melted, and the very bricks were consumed. 
 The wooden pavement took fire, making a con- 
 tinuous sheet of flame two miles long by a mile 
 wide. No human being could possibly survive 
 41 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 •many minutes. Block after block fell, and the 
 red-hot coals shot higher and higher and spread 
 further and further, to the north side of Lake 
 Street. It was a vast mountain of flame from 
 the river to the lake. At one time so hemmed 
 in were the people that it was expected thou- 
 sands must perish. Sherman, Tremont, and 
 other hotels were emptied of their guests, and 
 a remarkable sight presented itself in the huiry- 
 ing throngs with trucks, sacks, or bags on their 
 shoulders, fleeing amid flames for their lives. 
 Thousands of persons and horses inextricably 
 commingled ; poor people of all colours and 
 shades and of every nationality, from Europe, 
 China, and Africa, in the excitement, struggled 
 with each other to get away. Hundreds were 
 trampled under foot. Men and women loaded 
 with bundles and household goods, and to 
 whose skirts hung tender infants, half-dressed 
 and barefooted, all rushed to a place of 
 safety. Hours afterwards these might have 
 been seen in vacant lots, or in the streets far 
 out in the suburbs, stretched in the dust. The 
 area over which the fire swept was put down at 
 2,050 acres, divided thus among the three 
 divisions of the city : — About 160 acres in the 
 west division, 500 acres in the south, and 1,400 
 acres in the north. The total loss of property, 
 200,000,000 dollars ; number of buildings 
 burned, between 17,000 and l8,ooo ; and lives 
 lost about 200, although not more than 117 
 were reported to the coroner. A calamity 
 like this, unparalleled in magnitude,, and 
 demanding instant relief, naturally excited 
 sympathy in every country to which the intelli- 
 gence was wafted, and relief in clothing, food 
 and money commenced to flow towards the 
 100,000 homeless and destitute sutferers on a 
 most gigantic scale, the United States, Canada, 
 and Great Britain rivalling each other in the 
 work of benevolence. Before the flames had 
 been subdued in several quarters, the work of 
 rebuilding was begun. 
 
 11. — Rumours published of an alleged new 
 " social alliance " between a body described as 
 a "council of skilled workmen" and certain 
 Conservative statesmen, the most of whom 
 at once repudiated all ■ connection with the 
 movement. (See Aug. 1st). 
 
 — Fenian raid into Canada under General 
 O'Neill, who seized the Custom House at 
 Manitoba and the Hudson's Bay Port. He 
 was seized by American troops, and his follow- 
 ers scattered. 
 
 la.— Free Library at Derby opened by the 
 Mayor and Corporation. 
 
 — Convention signed by Prince Bismarck. 
 Count Amim, and M. Pouyer-Quertier, con- 
 cerning the annexation of the French Depart- 
 ments, and the position to be occupied by 
 Alsace and Lorraine in regard to import and 
 export duties. 
 
 13.- — In the height of the consternation 
 caused by theChicago fire, additional calamities 
 01 the same kind continue to be reported from 
 4a 
 
 America. " The forest fires," it was given out, 
 " have desolated the St. Clair, Huron, Tuscola, 
 and Sanilac counties of Michigan. Huron City, 
 Forestville, Whiterock, and many other villages 
 have been destroyed. Many persons have 
 perished in the flames, and great losses in 
 cattle, horses, and winter stores liave been 
 sustained. News comes from Toronto that a 
 large portion of the flourishing Canadian town 
 of Windsor, opposite Detroit, was burned down 
 yesterday rtioming." Another telegram, a fe* 
 hours later, made public the startling news :-^ 
 " The entire town of Mainstre, in Michigan, 
 has been destroyed by fire. Two hundred 
 houses and six mills have been burned, and the 
 loss is estimated at 1,250,000 dols. In Wis- 
 consin also four villages on the Green Bay 
 River have been burned, with a fearful loss of 
 life. The inhabitants Were surrounded by the 
 flames and 150 fugitives burnt alive in a 
 barn. Hundreds of persons were driven into 
 the river, and altogether 500 people are said to 
 have perished. " The worst of all was at Pesh- 
 tego, a place of 2,000 inhabitants, which was 
 reached by the fire soon after the people re- 
 turned from the evening service at church. Ah 
 ominous roaring sound was first heard ; then 
 flakes of fire like meteors fell in different parts 
 of the town, igniting whatever they touched. 
 A fierce wind arose, and everything became 
 enveloped in fire, smoke, hot sand, and cinders. 
 Numbers who fled in affright were suffo- 
 cated and burned before they could advance 
 many steps. The storm lasted only half an 
 hour, but the buildings and the woods burned 
 all night. The forest surrounding the village 
 was in a blaze ; and the flames being driven 
 into the village, it presented one mass of fire. 
 The people living close to the river reached it 
 and walked in up to their necks. They re- 
 mained in the water from two to four hours, 
 and endured the heat only by wetting their 
 heads. Many who lived one or two streets from 
 the river were overtaken by the flames and 
 burned to death. Whole families were thus 
 destroyed. Next morning the streets were 
 strewn with burned bodies ; in one case eighty 
 or ninety being found together. 
 
 13.— M. Leon Say, Prefect of the Seine, 
 and M. Vautrein, President of the Municipal 
 Council of Paris, attend a meeting of the Com- 
 mon Council at Guildhall to present an address 
 expressive of the thankfulness of the citizens of 
 Paris for the sympathy and material aid sent 
 from London on the raising of the siege. 
 
 — Died, aged 75, Sir Francis Graham Moon, 
 Bart., fine art publisher, and Lord Mayor of 
 London in 1855. 
 
 14. — Public funeral of the escape-conductor, 
 Joseph Ford, who died from injuries received 
 at a fire in Gray's Inn Road, afler rescuing six 
 of the inmates. 
 
 IS.— Collision in Shields harbour, the 
 Prmidence of Sunderland sinking vfith fire of 
 her crew. 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 16.— The brigantiue Ruth blown up off 
 Erith. She had on board 2,000 barrels of 
 petroleum and 100 barrels of resin. 
 
 — In opening the German Parliament, the 
 Emperor William explained at some length 
 the recent friendly negotiations with Austria. 
 "The German Empire," he said, "and the 
 Austro-Hungarian Imperial State are, by their 
 geographical position and their historical de- 
 velopment, so forcibly and in so manifold a 
 manner called upon to entertain friendly and 
 neighbourly relations with each other, that the 
 fact of these relations having ceased to be 
 troubled by the reminiscence of conflicts which 
 were the undesirable inheritance of the last 
 thousand years, will be received by the entire 
 German nation with sincere satisfaction. The 
 hearty reception which I, as representative of 
 this Empire, ireceived in every part of the 
 great Fatherland, and which has filled me 
 with joyful satisfaction, but, above all, with 
 thanks to God for the blessings which will in 
 future not fail to our constant and honest en- 
 deavours, is a pledge that such satisfaction 
 will, in view of the complete development of the 
 German Empire, be felt by the great majority 
 of the nation. " 
 
 — Dr. Livingstone arrives at Ujiji. 
 
 17. — Unveiling of the statue erected to the 
 memory of Dean Alford in a niche of the 
 west front of Canterbury Cathedral. 
 
 — Archbishop Sumner's Memorial Schools 
 at Lambeth opened by the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury. 
 
 IS. — Died at his residence, Manchester 
 Square, aged 79, Charles Babbage, F.R. S., 
 mathematician, and inventor of the " calcu- 
 lating machine." 
 
 — Total destruction by fire of Ashton 
 Brothers' cotton mill at Hayfield, Derbyshire. 
 A few hours later a similar building in Glasgow, 
 belonging to Houston and Co., was also de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 19. — Reform banquet in the Free Trade 
 Hall, Manchester, presided over by Earl 
 Granville. Regarding the new social move- 
 ment, the Foreign Secretary said it was per- 
 fectly clear " there is a mistake and inaccuracy 
 with regard to certain peers and distinguished 
 commoners having signed in private certain 
 resolutions ; but we are in the dark, on the 
 other hand, as to what was the character of 
 those negotiations which Lord Salisbury in- 
 formed the public through the press had been 
 confidentially communicated to him. All I 
 can say is, that whatever their character may 
 be, I feel no alarm. I shall, on the contrary, 
 rejoice if those who hitherto have shown too 
 much opposition until the very last moment to 
 the Parliamentary rights of the working classes 
 ^those who offered a consistent opposition to 
 those great principles of freedom of trade 
 which nowhere come so alive to one's under- 
 
 standing as sitting in this magnificent hall — I 
 shall rejoice if, acting upon sound principles, 
 they come forward and give hands to the 
 working classes, and thereby greatly facilitate 
 the work which, not only her Majesty's present 
 Government, but, I am sure, all successive 
 Governments will have to undertake, which is 
 the solution of many of the most pressing social 
 questions of the day. " 
 
 19. — Various pretended biographies of Mr. 
 Disraeli making reference to his eaily connec- 
 tion with the press, he causes his solicitors to 
 make intimation that he had never at any 
 time edited any newspaper, review, magazine, 
 or other periodical publication, and rarely 
 contributed to any, noi: has he at any time 
 received or required any remuneration for any- 
 thing he has ever written, except for those 
 works which bear his name. " 
 
 21. — A jury sitting in Salt Lake City, 
 Utah, return a verdict of guilty against a 
 Mormon named Hawkins charged with poly- 
 gamy. The announcement created much 
 excitement. Counsel for the plaintiff moved 
 that the defendant be taken into custody, and 
 the motion was resisted by the defendant's 
 attorney. The prosecution, however, were 
 firm in their demand that the case should take 
 the ordinary course, and the United States 
 marshal was accordingly directed to hold 
 Hawkins a prisoner. Time was allowed to 
 prepare a motion for a new trial and arrest of 
 judgment. The penalty prescribed by the 
 Utah statute for the crime of adulteiy is im- 
 prisonment for not over twenty years nor less 
 than three years, or a fine of not over 1,000 
 dols. , or both fine and imprisonment, at the 
 discretion of the court. 
 
 22. — Died in his 80th year. Sir Roderick 
 Murchison, for many years the esteemed 
 President of the Geological and Geographical 
 Societies. 
 
 23. — Mr. Gladstone writes to Sir George 
 Pollock that, if it was agreeable to him to 
 accept the office of Constable of the Tower, 
 vacant by the death of Sir John Burgoyne : — ■ 
 ' ' I shall be very happy to submit your name 
 for her Majesty's approval. And I beg that 
 you will consider the proposal I now make as 
 one due solely to your public services and dis- 
 tinction. I have not yet forgotten the descrip- 
 tion given of those services by Sir Robert Peel 
 when head of the Government, at the climax 
 of your military career, after the catastrophe 
 in Affghanistan had been covered, through 
 your exertions, with a merited and conspicuous 
 success. But it is a great pleasure to me to 
 have an opportunity, after the lapse of so many 
 years, of again tendering to you a mark of 
 honour which I feel confident will h.T.ve, if 
 accepted by you, the gracious sanction of her 
 Majesty, and the cordial approbation of the 
 country." The appointment was accented, 
 and gazetted Nov. 14. r 
 
 43 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 24. — Newcastle College of Physical Science, 
 in ■connection with the University of Durham, 
 opened by the Dean of Durham. 
 
 25. — The Mansion House Fund for the 
 relief of the Chicago sufferers reported to have 
 reached 41, 189/. 
 
 — Colliery explosion at Seaham, Durham, 
 causing the death of thirty men. 
 
 28. — Mr. Gladstone addresses his consti- 
 tuents in an open-air meeting at Blackheath, 
 dwelling chiefly on the important measures of 
 the . past session — abolition • of purchase, 
 education, and the ballot. In criticizing the 
 new social movement the Prime Minister ad- 
 mitted that much still remained to be done, 
 though he was of opinion that law could not do 
 all that was promised. "Let the Government 
 labour to its utmost ; let the Legislature labour 
 days and nights in your service ; but, after the 
 very best has been attained and achieved, the 
 question whether the English father is to be 
 the father of a happy family and the centre of 
 a united home is a question which must depend 
 mainly upon himself. And those who propose 
 to you — whoever they may be — schemes like 
 those seven points of which I have spoken ; 
 those who promise to the dwellers in towns 
 that every one of them shall have a house and 
 garden in free air, with ample space ; those 
 who tell you that there shall be markets for 
 selling at wholesale prices retail quantities — I 
 won't say are impostors, because I have no 
 doubt they are sincere ; but I will say they are 
 quacks." 
 
 30. — The Prince and Princess of Wales 
 arrive at Scarborough, on a visit to Lord 
 Londesborough. 
 
 — Unveiling of a memorial in Berlin erected 
 to the memory of the Riflemen of the Guard 
 who fell in France. The Emperor William 
 urged the soldiers present to gain military 
 knowledge in time of peace, so that they 
 might be found ready to defend their country 
 again if called on. 
 
 31.* — Royal Warrant issued embodying the 
 new regulations respecting promotion and 
 appointments in the army, rendered necessary 
 by the abolition of purchase. 
 
 November 1. — The P. and O. steamer 
 Rangoon, with passengers and mails for Aus- 
 tralia, wrecked in Galle harbour. 
 
 3. — Columbia Market formally transferred 
 by Lady Burdelt Coutts to the Corporation of 
 London. 
 
 4. — Died, aged 78, Rev. Philip Wynter, 
 D.D., President of St. John's College, Oxford. 
 
 6. — Sir James Colville and Sir Montague 
 Smith take their seats as paid members of 
 the Judicial Committee of Privy Council. 
 
 — Sir Charles Dilke, selected to second last 
 year's Address, delivered a lecture at Newcastle 
 
 44 
 
 on the expense of Royalty, in which he 
 severely criticized the expenditure of the 
 Royal household, and declared that the 
 Queen, in spite of a promise given to Parlia- 
 ment, had not been in the habit of paying 
 Income-tax. This statement was afterwards 
 disproved by Mr. Lowe. A few days later Sir 
 Charles, in a speech at Bristol, declared him- 
 self a Republican. 
 
 6. — The Master of the Rolls delivers 
 judgment in the suit Peek v. Gurney and 
 others, in which the plaintiff sought to render 
 the surviving directors of that company and 
 the executors of a deceased director jointly and 
 severally liable for the amount of the loss 
 sustained by him through his purchase of 
 shares to the amount of about 100,000/. in 
 the company. After an elaborate summing 
 up his Lordship dismissed the bill, but with- 
 out costs, owing to the gross misconduct of the 
 directors in issuing a false prospectus as to the 
 state of the bank. 
 
 7. —Legal changes. Sir Robert Collier 
 gazetted a Justice of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, preparatory to his removal to the 
 Judicial Committee of Privy Council. He 
 was succeeded as Attorney- General by Sir 
 John Coleridge, Mr. Jessel stepping into the 
 office thus vacant of Solicitor-General. 
 
 — Monument at Vienna erected to the 
 memory of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico 
 unveiled in presence of the Emperor Francis 
 Joseph, the Archdukes, Ministers, and a large 
 body of spectators. 
 
 — Lord Dufferin gazetted a peer of the 
 United Kingdom, by the title of Viscount 
 Clandeboye, of Clandeboye, in the county of 
 Down, and Earl of Dufferin, in the county of 
 Down. 
 
 8.— The "fall" elections in the United 
 States announced to have resulted in large 
 Republican gains. The Tammany candidates 
 in New York were defeated by large 
 majorities. 
 
 — Count Beust resigns his position as 
 Chancellor of Austria, and accepts the London 
 Embassy. Other changes took place in the 
 Austrian Cabinet at this time, chiefly in con- 
 nection with the refusal of the Emperor to 
 concede the demands made by the Czechs of 
 Bohemia, iot a separate Parliament on the 
 Hungarian model. Count Hohenwart, who 
 favoured the Bohemian claim, resigned his 
 position as Prime Minister in favour of Prince 
 Udolf Auersperg, a leader of the old Liberal 
 party. Count Beust was succeeded by Count 
 Andrassy, and Count Lonyay became Prime 
 Minister of Hungary. 
 
 9- — Commenced at Portsmouth, on board 
 the Duke of Wellington, a court-martial on 
 Captain Thrupp and officers of the Megara. 
 The inquiry was continued till the 17th, when 
 the Court found the captain was "fully justified 
 in beaching the ship, and that he would" not 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 187I. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 have been justified in continuing his course to 
 Australia, and doth therefore acquit him of all 
 blame in respect to it. The Court is further of 
 opinion that no blame whatever is attributable 
 to her officers and men under trial, hereinbefore 
 named, for the stranding and loss of her 
 Majesty's ship Mezara, and doth therefore 
 acquit them of all blame, and the said captain 
 and other officers and men are hereby acquitted 
 accordingly." 
 
 10. — After a trial extending over eleven days 
 Robert Kelly is acquitted by the jury of the 
 murder of Head-Constable Talbot in the open 
 street, and after a threat that he intended to 
 take the life of his victim, in retaliation for 
 having acted the part of an informer against 
 the Fenians. An elaborate attempt was made 
 to show that death did not result directly from 
 the wound, but from unskilful sijrgical treat- 
 ment. 
 
 — Lord Chief Justice Cockburn remon- 
 strates, in the name of the Bench and Bar, with 
 Mr. Gladstone on the contemplated removal of 
 the Attorney General first to the Common 
 Pleas and then to the Jndicial Committee of 
 the Privy Council, as a subterfuge and evasion 
 of the Act of Parliament passed last August, 
 regulating the appointment. Disowning any 
 desire to disparage the personal merits of Sir 
 R. Collier, the Lord Chief Justice described the 
 obvious meaning of the Act in question, and 
 pointed out that no exception was made therein 
 in favour of any law officer of the Crown. " I 
 cannot help thinking, "he wrote, "what would 
 have been the language in which the Court of 
 Queen's Bench would have expressed its 
 opinion if such an evasion of a statute had been 
 attempted for the purpose of qualifying an in- 
 dividual for a municipal office, and the case 
 had been brought before it on an information 
 in the nature of quo warranto. In the present 
 instance, the Legislature having settled the 
 qualification for the newly-created office, mo- 
 mentarily to invest a party, otherwise not quali- 
 fied, with a qualifying office, not that he shall 
 hold the latter, but that he may be immediately 
 transferred to the former, appears to nae, I am 
 bound to say, to be nothing less than the manu- 
 facture of a qualification, not very dissimilar in 
 character to the manufacture of qualifications 
 such as we have known practi.sed in other in- 
 stances in order to evade the law. . . . From 
 every member of the legal profession with whom 
 I have been brought into contact in the course 
 of the last few day.?, I have met with but one 
 expression of opinion as to the proposed step — 
 an opinion, to use the mildest term I can select, 
 of strong and unqualified condemnation. Such 
 I can take upon myself to say is the unanimous 
 opinion of the profession. I have never in my 
 time known of so strong or universal an expres- 
 sion, I had almost said explosion, of opinion." 
 Mr. Gladstone replied that as the transaction 
 was a joint one, and the completed p^rt of it 
 the act of the Lord Chancellor, the letter had 
 been sent to him. The Lord Chief Justice then 
 
 wrote : — ■" My objection to the present appoint- 
 ment of Sir Robert Collier is not an objection 
 to the appointment in se, l>ut as being intended 
 to create a factitious qualification for a seat on 
 the Judicial Committee. It was because its 
 ulterior object was to be your act that I took 
 the liberty of addressing myself to you. Had 
 I objected to the part of the transaction already 
 completed, I should have addressed my obser- 
 vations to the Lord Chancellor." The Lord 
 Chancellor in reply defended the appointment 
 as made with a full knowledge on his part of 
 Mr Gladstone's intention to promote the At- 
 torney-General to the Judicial Committee. "I 
 have thus acted advisedly, and with the convic- 
 tion that the arrangement was justified as 
 regards both its fitness and its legality. I take 
 upon myself the responsibility of thus concur- 
 ring with Mr. Gladstone, .and am prepared to 
 vindicate the course pursued. You will not, I 
 trust, think that I am wanting in respect if I 
 reserve my explanation for a more suitable op- 
 portunity than could be afforded by a corre- 
 spondence with yourself, either directly or 
 through the medium of Mr. Gladstone." The 
 Lord Chief Justice closed the correspondence 
 •with the remark that while he freely admitted 
 he was " not entitled to any explanation of the 
 course you have determined to adopt, I must 
 in candour say that I think I might have ex- 
 pected that grave objections to a proceeding 
 connected with the administration of justice, 
 coming from one holding the office I have the 
 honour to fill, would have received somewhat 
 more consideration, and would not have been 
 dismissed in quite so summary a manner. 
 Under the circumstances, while you reserve 
 your explanation till a fitting opportunity shall 
 arise, so I, on my part, must reserve to myself 
 the right to make public, when I may 
 deem it proper, the fact of my protest and the 
 grounds on which it is founHed, as stated in my 
 letter to Mr. Gladstone." 
 
 10. — Henry M. Stanley, a travelling corre- 
 spondent, sent out by the proprietor of the l^ew 
 York Herald, discovers Dr. Livingstone at 
 Ujiji. As the procession of native guides and 
 assistants entered the town, Mr. Stanley ob- 
 served a group of Arabs on the right, in the 
 centre of which was a pale-looking, grey- 
 bearded, white man, whose fair skin contrasted 
 with the sun-burnt visages of those by whom he 
 was surrounded. Passing from the rear of the 
 procession to the front, the American traveller 
 noticed that the white man was clad in a red 
 woollen jacket, and wore upon his head a 
 naval cap, with a faded gilt band. In an 
 instant he recognised the European as none 
 other than Dr. Livingstone himself; but a 
 dignified Arab chieftain, standing by, confirmed 
 Mr. Stanley in a resolution to show no symptom 
 of rejoicing or excitement. Slowly advancing 
 towards the great traveller, he bowed, and 
 said, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" to which 
 address the latter, who was fully equal to the 
 occasion, simply smiled and replied, "Yes." 
 45 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 rS/r. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 It was not till some hours afterwards, when 
 alone together, seated on a goatskin, that the 
 two white men exchanged tliose congratulations 
 ■which both were eager to express, and recounted 
 their respective difficulties and adventures. On 
 the 2oth they left Ujijf, and explored the 
 northern end of Lake Tanganyika, confirming 
 'hy a second inspection the observations which 
 Dr. Livingstone had previously made; and after 
 twenty-eight days thus pleasantly spent, they're- 
 tumed to Ujiji, and there passed Christmas Day 
 together. On the 26th of December, they left 
 for Unyanyembe, and, arriving there, stayed to- 
 gether till March 14, when Mr. Stanley, en- 
 trusted with letters from Dr. Livingstone, 
 started for the coast, leaving the explorer to 
 trace out the sources of the Lualaba. Mr. Stanley 
 handed over to him 2, 788 yards of various kinds 
 of cloths, 992 lbs. of beads, 350 lbs. of brass 
 wire, a waterproof- tent, an air-bed. a canvas 
 boat, a bag of carpenter's tools, arms and ammu- 
 nition, cooking utensils, a medicine chest, and 
 a sextant; forming altogether about forty loads; 
 Dr. Livingstone also found thirty-three loads of 
 bis own stores, and Mr. Stanleycalculated that 
 the Doctor was thus supplied with sufficient to 
 last him four years. He required a few ad- 
 ditional articles from Zanzibar, especially a good 
 watch and oth«r instruments, and fifty trust- 
 worthy men as carriers. These Mr. Stanley 
 undertook to send up from Zanzibar, and set 
 out for the coast with Livingstone's journal 
 and letters on the i'3th of March. He performed 
 the march of $35 miles, wading through 
 swamps, across torrents, and wearily tramping 
 through dense jungle, in thirty-five days, and 
 reached Bagamozyo on the 6th of May. Thus 
 was this great work completed', a service for 
 tfie performance of which Mr. Stanley earned 
 and received the most cordial recognition from, 
 the Queen and people of England, and 
 especially from the President and Fellows of 
 the Royal Geographical Society. 
 
 H. — Sir W. Stirling-Maxwell elected Lord 
 Rector of Edinburgh University, by a majority 
 of 92 votes over Sir RoundeB Palmer. 
 
 13. — Mr. Pigott, an Irish newspaper pro- 
 prietor, sentenced to four months' imprison- 
 ment for publishing comments in the Irishman, 
 tending to bp-'ng the law officers of the Crown 
 into contempt, and insinuating that Kelly, even 
 if he was guilty, had not gone beyond his duty 
 in shooting Head-constable Talbot. 
 
 IS. — Mt. Disraeli elected Lord Rector of 
 -Glasgow University by a majority of 134 votes 
 over Mr. Ruskin^ 
 
 16. — Earl Russell, writing from Cannes, ex- 
 presses his approval of the object of the Educa- 
 tion League in. so far as it contended for the 
 unsectarian character of rate-aided schools. He 
 was not of opinion that the Bible, when read, 
 sliould be read without note or comment; "but 
 I' think this is a point of so much difficulty, and 
 there is so much danger of slipping into sec- 
 tarian comments on the part of teachers, that I 
 46 
 
 do not wonder at the opinion expressed by the 
 League. My wish and hope is that the rising 
 youth of England may be taught to adopt, not 
 the Church of Rome or the Church of England, 
 but the Church of Christ. The teaching of 
 Christ, whether dogmatic or not, is to be found 
 in the Bible, and those who in their infancy 
 read the Bible may, at their own choice, when 
 they reach the age of fifteen or sixteen years, 
 follow the teaching of the Church of Rome or 
 of any Protestant community they may prefer. 
 In this manner Christianity may be purged 
 of the corruptions which, in the course of 
 time, and amid the conflicts of the sixteenth 
 and seventeenth centuries, have stained its 
 purity, and perverted its spirit of love and 
 charity." On this the Church Herald re- 
 marked : " There can be no importance at- 
 tached to anything that so perverse and vicious 
 an old Whig as Lord Russell can say on 
 religious teaching." 
 
 17. — Speaking at Lenzie, near Glasgow, on 
 the subject of her Majesty's health, the state 
 of which had lately caused considerable 
 anxiety. Dr. Norman Macleod, lately returned 
 from Balmoral, said he had never seen the 
 remotest trace of any moral or mental weakness, 
 but in every instance remarkable evidence of 
 moral and mental strength and capacity. " Her 
 Majesty has just passed through a severe attack 
 of rheumatic gout, which so affected her hands 
 that for a time she was utterly unable to sign 
 her name, and from a severe neuralgia from 
 which she has entirely recover.ed, and I have 
 never seen her better in spirits or better in 
 health or stronger in mind than she is at the 
 present moment. At the same time,- 1 am far 
 from saying that she has recovered her strength 
 so as to be able to do more than she is doing ; 
 for I make bold to say that none of us have the 
 slightest conception of the unceasing demand 
 that is made upon a person in her high position 
 of attending to innumerable details and carrying 
 burdens upon her mind without the possibility 
 of one moment's rest. . . . No one who knows 
 the Queen but knows she would do all that it is 
 possible for her to do, and no one who knows 
 her but is amazed at her extraordinary conside- 
 rateness. for every one, how she occupies her 
 thought upon every subject, and how she at- 
 tends to such minute details of duty; I will 
 take it upon me to say that the case of the 
 poorest, subject in her kingdom, if made known 
 to her, would receive her immediate attention." 
 
 —The Spanish Minister, Zorrilla, having been 
 defeated in the Cortes, tenders his resigni- 
 tion, which; the King refuses- to accept, and 
 suspends tlie sittings of the Cortes; 
 
 — Died at Bournemouth, aged 77, Sir 
 Joshua Walmsley, formerly M.P. for Bolton 
 and Leicester. 
 
 20. — Mr. Chilborn, manager of the Arran 
 Quay Branch of the Royal Bank of Ireland, 
 commits suicide by shooting himself in a 
 cemetery, under distress of mind produced by 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 untoward speculations in the Wicklow Copper 
 Mine Company. 
 
 22. — Illness of the. Prince of Wales, a 
 telegram from Sandringham intimating that he 
 had been prevented paying a visit to the 
 Maharajah Bhuleep Singh, by a chill resulting in 
 a febrile attack which confined him to his room. 
 Next day it was announced that the symptoms 
 were not severe, but indicated an attack of 
 typhoid fever. 
 
 — Mr. Bates, a Conservative candidate, re- 
 turned for Ply mouth by 1,753 votes against 'jSH 
 given to Mr. Rooker, Liberal. 
 
 24. — 7,000/, reported to have beeji collected 
 in Loudon in aid of the starving inhabitants of 
 Bushire, Yezd, and other Persian towns. So 
 terrible was this calamity that in some districts, 
 it was calculated one-third of the population had 
 died from starvation, and tVKO-thirds of the 
 cattle and beasts of bijr.den. 
 
 25. — Riotous proceedings at Dover, arising 
 out of the election carried by the Solicitor^ 
 General, Mr. Jeasel', against Mr. Barnett, a 
 Conservative candidate. 
 
 — Disorderly meeting at Bolton, called to 
 hear Mr. Dilke, M.P., criticize the functions and 
 expense of Royalty-. Similar disgraceful gather- 
 ings took place at Derby and- Birmingham. 
 
 26: — The Count of Girgenti, brother, of the 
 exrKing of Naples, commits suicide by shooting 
 himself, -in a room ia the H6tel du Cygne, 
 Lucerne. 
 
 28.— Execution of Communist Generals. 
 Rossel, Ferre, and Bourgeois were shot this 
 morning at a quarter past seven, in front of the 
 Artillery Butts at Satory, in the presence of 
 3,000 men belonging to the regular army. The 
 intention having, been kept perfectly secret, 
 there were scarcely any other spectators present. 
 AJl three behaved, with great courage. Kossel 
 and- Bourgeois had their eyes bandaged, but 
 FeiTe refused to be blindfolded, Rossel, was 
 killed instantly, but Ferre and Bourgeois 
 received the cotlp de gr&ce after the volley.. After 
 the execution the troops defiled past the three 
 corpses. The execution, of Rossel, known, to 
 be a brave soldier, enthusiastic and intelligent. 
 in his profession, gave rise to much severe 
 criticism against the Versailles. Government. 
 
 -- Died, aged 67, Marshal Benedfek, an- 
 Austrian General of experience in Italian 
 campaigns, and commander of the forces- at 
 Sadowa. 
 
 -^ Eight Spanish medical students, vary- 
 ing in age frpm 14 to 20 years, shot at 
 Havanna, a few hours after a hurried and in- 
 formal trial, for alleged desecration of San 
 Lazaro cemetery. About forty others, less 
 prominently concerned in what appeared to be 
 a juvenile freak, were sentenced to various terms 
 of penal servitude. 
 
 28. — Came on before the Judicial Committee 
 of the Privy Council, the appeal of the Church 
 Association against the sentence delivered by 
 Sir Robert Phillimore on the 23rd of July, 1870, 
 acquitting the Rev. W. J. E. Bennett, Vicar of 
 Frome, of the charge of erroneous doctrine on 
 the subject of the Real Presence, the Eucharistic 
 Sacrifice, and Adoration. 
 
 29. — The Queen proceeds to Sandringham 
 on a visit to the Prince of Wales. An after- 
 noon bulletin reported that his Royal Highness 
 had passed a quiet day, the symptoms con- 
 tinumg without alteration. The Times mentions 
 to-day that his illness dated from the recent visit 
 to Lord Londesborough, and was likely to have 
 arisen from poison generated by sewage. Others 
 of the party had since been attacked by typhoid 
 symptoms, one of them — Lord Chesterfield — 
 with unusual severity. The Prince's case was 
 thought likely to run for tweuty-four days. 
 
 30. — Explosion of a cartridge factory 
 within the Fort of Agra, causing the death of 
 Conductor Ware, his son. Sergeant Upton, and 
 twenty-three native workmen. 
 
 Decemljer 1. — .Died at Bretby Hall, Bur- 
 ton-on-Trent, aged 40^ George Philip Stanhope^ 
 Earl of Chesterfield. He was one of the visitors 
 at Scarborough in October, and had been 
 suffering for some days from typhoid fever. 
 
 — Mr. W. R. Grove, Q. C. , gazetted to be 
 a Judge in the Court of Common Pleas.. 
 
 3. — Fire at Warwick Castle. The flames, 
 first noticed in Lady Warwick's apartments, 
 early in the morning, speedily extended over 
 the whole east wing, between the grand en- 
 trance hall and the domestic offices adjoining 
 Caasar and Guy's Towers. This portion of 
 the castle was completely gutted, and only the 
 outer walls with charred and smouldering 
 rubbish left. The fire then spread across the 
 grand staircase, and reached the great hall, of 
 which only the bare walls remained. At four 
 o'clock the fire was burning so fiercely that it 
 was feared the red drawing-room would also be 
 destroyed. Preparations were therefore made 
 for the worst by stripping this and the adjoin- 
 ing apartments of their rare treasures. The 
 tapestry round the state bedroom, made in 
 Brussels in 1694, was wrenched from the wall 
 and carried to a place of security, together with 
 the portraits of " Queen Anne," by Kneller, 
 the "Earl" of Essex," by Zucchero, and other 
 rare paintings. The pictures by Rembrandt, 
 Holbein, Rubens, Vandyke, Titiens, Salvator 
 Rosa, Sir Peter Lely, and Carracci's ' ' Dead 
 Christ" were also taken down. The costly 
 tables and treasures in the cabinets wete carried 
 to the remotest corner of the Castle; ready to 
 be again moved in case of necessity. Fortu- 
 nately, the efforts of the firemen practically 
 arrested the fire at' the end of the great hall; 
 though the- red drawing-room was slightly 
 damaged about the roof and by water. The 
 
 47 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 tS/I. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 flames were not subdued until nearly ten o'clock 
 in the morning. Most of the family were 
 abroad. 
 
 3. — About 800 yards of the west pier of 
 Leith destroyed by a fire originating in the up- 
 setting of a vessel of boiUng pitch, used for 
 saturating the structure. 
 
 4.. — United States Congress opened by 
 President Grant with a Message congratu- 
 lating the country on its increasing prosperity, 
 the' reduction of the debt by 17,000,000/. in 
 one year, and the approaching settlement of 
 all differences with Great Britain. " This 
 year," said President Grant, "has witnessed 
 two great nations, having one language and 
 lineage, settling by peaceful arbitration dis- 
 putes of long standing, which were liable at 
 any time to bring nations to a bloody conflict. 
 The example thus set, if successful in its final 
 issue, will be followed by other civilized 
 nations, and finally be the means of returning 
 to pursuits of industry millions of men now 
 mamtained to settle disputes of nations by the 
 sword." Regarding Cuba, the President re- 
 gretted that the disturbed condition of the 
 island continued to be a source of annoyance 
 and anxiety. *' The existence of a protracted 
 struggle in such close proximity to our own 
 territory, without any apparent prospect of an 
 early termination, cannot be other than an 
 object of concern to a people who, while 
 abstaining from interference in the affairs of 
 other Powers, naturally desire to see every 
 country enjoying peace, liberty, and free insti- 
 tutions. The American naval commanders in 
 Cuban waters have been instructed, in case it 
 should become necessaiy, to spare no effort to 
 protect the lives and property of bond fide 
 American citizens, and to maintain the dignity 
 of the flag. It is hoped that all pending ques- 
 tions with Spain, growing out of the state of 
 affairs in Cuba, may be adjusted in the spirit 
 of peace and conciliation which has hitherto 
 guided the two Powers in their treatment of 
 such questions." 
 
 -— Judgment delivered in the Irish Court 
 of Common Pleas in the case of *' Wallace v, 
 Seymour," known as the Hertford Estates case, 
 and involving the ownership of property in the 
 county of Antrim giving an income of about 
 60,000/. a year. The question turned on the 
 effect of certain words in a codicil executed in 
 June 1850 by the late Marquis of Hertford to 
 his will, made in 1838. This codicil purported 
 to give to the plaintiff absolutely ' ' the residue 
 of the real and personal estate" of the late 
 Marquis in Ireland, while by the will uiider 
 which the defendant claimed, the real estate 
 in Ireland was given to trustees in the first 
 instance, to make up any deficiency in the 
 personal estate, and afterwards to the testator's 
 brother for life, and thereafter to the defendant. 
 The court held unanimously that the words in 
 the codicil revoking the bequest of the real 
 estate in the will were not sufficiently clear and 
 explicit, and that the testator in inserting the 
 
 word "real" in the codicil either forgot the 
 exact words of the residuary clause in the will 
 or did not comprehend their meaning. Judg- 
 ment was accordingly given for the defendant. 
 
 a. — Conference at Birmingham called to 
 consider how the House of Lords could be 
 best reformed and brought into greater harmony 
 with the wishes of the country. One resolution 
 declared — " That in a free country, the ultimate 
 decision upon all questions of government or 
 of the policy of the State must rest with 
 representatives elected by the majority of the 
 people ; and that some plan should be adopted 
 in this nation to give constitutional effect to 
 that decision." Another : — " That no right to 
 legislate on the affairs of the nation ought to 
 be conferred in consequence of the profession 
 of any theological opinions, or of connection 
 with any ecclesiastical establishment, and there- 
 fore the legislative power of the Bishops of the 
 English Church should be abolished." 
 
 — Disorderly republican meeting at Read- 
 ing, resulting in the severe handling of Odger 
 by a mob at the railway station. 
 
 — Died, at Bank Hall, Burnley, Lanca- 
 shire, aged 72, General Sir James Yorke 
 Scarlett, commander of the British cavalry 
 in the Crimea. 
 
 7. — M. Thiers delivers his first Presidential 
 Message to the National Assembly. The 
 policy of France, he said, must be henceforth a 
 policy of dignified and enduring peace. " If, 
 contrary to all probability, events should disturb 
 that peace, the deed will not be that of France. 
 France must become once more what she has 
 a right to be in the interest of all States. 
 France will be true to her solemnly pledged 
 word. Moreover, the States which took part in 
 the war are fatigued ; and those that had been 
 witnesses have become seriously alarmed. " The 
 Message then entered into details of the rela- 
 tions between France and the other Powers of 
 Europe : — " Our relations with Spain continue 
 amicable. We likewise maintain a good under- 
 standing with Italy. The independence of the 
 Holy See must be rigorously upheld. As re- 
 gards Rome we offer no counsels, for we give 
 no advice to anyone, and least of all to an 
 aged man who enjoys all our respect and 
 sympathy. With regard to Austria, we sincerely 
 wish her prosperity. As. regards Russia, the 
 most cordial relations exist between that country 
 and France. They are the result of an elevated 
 and reciprocal appreciation of the interests of 
 both countries." 
 
 — A jury in the Court of Queen's Bench 
 decide that Sir Joshua Reynolds's fine portrait 
 of Francis George Hare, known as "Infancy," 
 belonged to the defendant, who claimed under 
 his uncle Juhus Hare, and not to his sister, 
 
 — Prince Bismarck addresses Count Arnitiij 
 the German Ambassador in Paris, concerning 
 the acquittal of criminals in the French courts 
 charged with the murder of German soldiers. 
 He declares that in future, should the French 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 i8;i 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 authorities refuse to give up assassins, the Ger- 
 mans will be compelled to seize French host- 
 ages, and in extreme cases even have recourse 
 to more stringent measures, in order to enforce 
 their demands. The Imperial Chancellor points 
 out that recent events in Paris and Melun have 
 proved the exasperation of the French to be so 
 great that in the still pending negotiations with 
 France, not only must the fulfilment of the con- 
 ditions of peace be secured, but the necessary 
 strength of the German position within the 
 occupied Departments must also be kept in 
 view. 
 
 8. — Contrasting somewhat with the assu- 
 rance put forward by M. Thiers, the Emperor 
 of Russia, in proposing the health of the 
 Emperor of Germany, at a banquet given 
 by the military order of St. George, said, 
 " We desire and hope that the intimate friend- 
 ship which unites us and the brotherhood of 
 arms will be perpetuated in future genera- 
 tions. In this friendship existing between our 
 two armies, which dates from a memorable 
 epoch, I see the best guarantee for the main- 
 tenance of peace and loyal order in Europe." 
 
 — The hitherto favourable bulletins issued 
 regarding the illness of the Prince of Wales 
 were disagreeably varied to-day by the announce- 
 ment made at 8 A.M., that his Royal Highness 
 " has passed a very unquiet night. There is 
 considerable increase in the febrile symptoms." 
 At I P.M. it was announced that ** there is no 
 abatement of the graver symptoms." These, 
 like the other bulletins with whi'A the public 
 were now getting familiar, were signed by the 
 physicians in attendance, Drs. Jenner, Gull, 
 and Lowe. The Queen left for Sandringham 
 in the afternoon, along with other members of 
 the Royal family. 
 
 9. — Chief Justice Bovill, as the head of the 
 Court which "had been made use of," ex- 
 presses his concurrence with Sir Alexander 
 Cockburn as to the impropriety of the Collier 
 appointment. 
 
 lO. — The Prince of Wales prayed for in 
 most of the churches throughout the kingdom. 
 A special form was prepared late last night by 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury, and circulated 
 as vridely as the limited time permitted. Early 
 in the morning the Princess of Wales caused a 
 touching request to be conveyed to the Vicar of 
 Sandringham. " My husband," she wrote, 
 "being, thank God, somewhat better, I am 
 coming to church. I must leave, I fear, before 
 the service is concluded, that I may watch by 
 his bedside. ■ Can you not say a few words 
 in the early part of the service that T may 
 ■ join with you in prayer for my husband before 
 I return to him?" The Princess attended 
 service, reaching the church by the private path 
 from Sandringham grounds. To meet the 
 wishes of her Royal Highness, the Rev. 
 Vicar, before reading the Collect, speaking in 
 a voice trembling with emotion, which he 
 vainly sought to suppress, said, "The prayers 
 49 
 
 of the congregation are earnestly sought for 
 his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who 
 is now most seriously ill. " The bulletins, four 
 of which were now being issued each day, 
 still indicated great anxiety on the part of the 
 medical attendants. At 5.30 this (Sunday) 
 afternoon the report was that his Royal 
 Highness "had passed an unquiet afternoon, 
 with a return of the more urgent symptoms. " 
 Another, anxiously looked for, issued at 8.15 
 next morning, indicated still more the gravity 
 of the situation, " Restless night, with a 
 further recurrence of the graver symptoms. " 
 Two hours before this the Royal Family were 
 reported in an unofficial telegram to have 
 been summoned to the bedside in anticipation 
 of the worst results. . 
 
 12. —Total eclipse of the sun, carefully ob- 
 served by English astronomers in southern 
 India and Ceylon. 
 
 13. — Public anxiety regarding the condition 
 of the Prince of Wales may be said to have 
 reached its climax to-day, the morning bulletin 
 announcing that his Royal Highness had 
 "passed another very restless night. The 
 conditions do not improve. " With the excep- 
 tion, perhaps, of certain periods of the Crimean 
 War and Indian Mutiny, public feeling had 
 never been so deeply touched in the. present 
 generation ; and the anxiety to obtain the 
 latest news of the condition of the Royal 
 sufferer was most intense among all classes of 
 the community. Bulletins forwarded from 
 Sandringham, and, in some cases, from the 
 Home Office, were posted up in all places 
 of resort ; newspapers were eagerly bought up, 
 edition after edition, as they were hourly brought 
 out ; and whenever two or three friends met, 
 the condition of the Prince was not only the 
 first but the single topic of discussion. In 
 every town crowds waited anxiously for the 
 latest news, and Government found it ex- 
 pedient to forward the medical bulletins to all 
 the telegraph offices in the United Kingdom. 
 Throughout India, in the colonies, and even in 
 the United States, the daily progress of the 
 disease was recorded and watched ; while prayers 
 were offered up by Hindoos, Parsees, Mussul- 
 mans,and Jews. This afternoon's bulletin, issued 
 at five o'clock, was thought to indicate matters 
 as in an almost hopeless state. His Royal High- 
 ness, it was reported, "has passed a very un- 
 quiet afternoon. There is no abatement in the 
 gravity of the symptoms." A slight turn for 
 the better came a few hours later. " 10 P.M 
 His Royal Highness has passed a less unquiet; 
 evening." The Prince was said to have recog- 
 nized the Queen this evening. Though still 
 giving cause for much anxiety, the fever may 
 be said to have weakened its hold of the 
 .system after this date. The bulletins, how- 
 ever, still continued to be expressed with the 
 greatest caution, though the physicians were 
 known by all about- them to be honourably 
 willing to afford competent interpreters of 
 technical fact such, material for illusti'ai ing the 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1871. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 case as. might enVighteri the pubUe mind, and 
 thus I'efiSve unnecessary anxiety. 
 
 13. — Intimation given of the probable re- 
 tirement of Mr. Denison, Speaker of the House 
 bi Commons. 
 
 — Tried at the Central Criminal Court, 
 before Mr. justice Grove, William Anthony, 
 blacksmith, charged vi'ith five cases of wilful 
 fire-raising for the sake of the reward of 2s. bd. 
 paid for giving first notice. Found guilty, and 
 sentenced to tvifelve years' penal servitude. 
 
 14-. — Anniversary of the death of the Prince 
 Consort celebrated at Sandringham under cir- 
 cumstances of fflournful anxiety to the Royal 
 family. 
 
 — Died at his residence, Churton Street, 
 Belgrave Road, aged 70 years, George Hudson, 
 all-powerful in commercial circles, thirty years 
 since, as the Railway King. 
 
 — The Chancellor of the Exchequer in- 
 forms the Treasury Board that her Majesty's 
 Government had agreed to Ihe following reso- 
 lutions respecting the terms upon which the 
 iaw officers of the Crown (except Sir Ji^n 
 Duke Coleridge, in whose case no change is 
 to be made) shall jn future be remunerated for 
 their services, that is to say : — " I. Except as 
 aforesaid, the Attorney-General shall receive 
 7,000/. a year for non-contentious business, 
 and the Solicitor- General 6,000/. a year. 2. 
 All fees payable for non- contentious business 
 shall be paid into the Exchequer. 3. The 
 law officers shall receive fees for contentious 
 business, and for opinions connected with it, 
 according to the ordinary professional scale. 
 4. All complimentary briefs and payments for 
 services not intended to be given shall be 
 abolished. 5. The salaries above mentioned 
 .shall be voted by the House of Commons." 
 
 IS. — Dean Goulbum, Norwich, protests 
 against the appointment of Bishop Temple as 
 one of the Select Preachers of Oxford. " It 
 seems to me," he wrote to the Vice-Chancellor, 
 " J. miserable apostacy from the principles 
 which once animated the University of Oxford, 
 that she should deliberately commit the reli- 
 gious instruction of her youth (a sacred trust, 
 if any trust can be sacred) to a prelate who 
 labours under grave suspicions of heterodoxy, 
 whose theology is at best hazy, and who will 
 not purge himself from complicity with the 
 attempts of avowed Rationalists to throw doubt 
 upon ' those things which are most surely be- 
 lieved amongst us.' " 
 
 18. — The Prince of Wales reported to have 
 passed a quiet night, and makirig satisfactory 
 progi-ess. A boy named Blegg, attached to 
 the stables at Sandringham, and who had been 
 stricken down with typhoid fever about the same 
 lim'i as the Prince, dies to-day, to the grief of 
 members of the Royal Family, who, as was 
 natural in the cireumstancesi had bestowed on 
 him a large toeasurfe of attention. 
 50 
 
 16. — The Alabama Committee holda formal 
 meeting at Geneva for the ratification of powers 
 and exchange of papers. 
 
 — Forbes' oil manufactory at Port Dundas,, 
 Glasgow, destroyed by fire. 
 
 10. — The Queen leaves Sandringham for 
 Windsor. 
 
 — The Duke d'Aumale and Prince foinville 
 take their seats in the National Assembly. 
 
 21. — The steamer Delaware, ir&d\n^ from' 
 Liverpool to Calcutta, wrecked in a gale off 
 the Scilly Islands, and forty-eight of her crew 
 drowned. 
 
 22.— Died, aged 81, the Earl of Ellen- 
 borough, President of the Board of Control 
 in Sir Robert Peel's Ministry of 1841, and! 
 Governor-General of India 1842-44. Thd 
 measures he sanctioned led to the rescue of 
 the captives and close of the Affghan War, 
 
 23.— Field-Marshal Sir George Pollock, 
 G.C.B., installed as Constable of the Tower. 
 The ceremony was performed by torch-light, 
 owing to the dense fog which prevailed. 
 
 — New market for the slaughter of foreign 
 cattle at Deptford opened in presence of fheJ 
 Lord Mayor and other ofiicials of the Corpora- 
 tion. 
 
 — In his rectorial address at Munich, Dr. 
 Dbllinger explained the natural influence which 
 GermanyandFrance had always exercised upon 
 one another. "France," he said, "preserves 
 even now, for the future, her importance as in- 
 terpreter and carrier of scientific ideas. She 
 owes her defeat chiefly to the absence of veracity^ 
 in her literature, especially in the historical por- 
 tion of it, which has prevailed for generations 
 past. The i8th of July, 1870, brought to 
 Germatiy a second war through the Roman 
 declaration of war against German science. 
 The decrees of the Vatican were launched only 
 against German science, and had been prepared 
 for twenty years by a systematic falsification of 
 the theological text-books. Once before Rome 
 carried on war against scierice. It was against 
 the natural sciences, and she succumbed. Now 
 she combats historical science." 
 
 ^— In opening the Reichsrath, the Emperor 
 of Austria said the Crown, by permitting the 
 different provinces to seek the remedy for 
 their claims by such means as the Constitution 
 offers to them, not only had in view the right 
 of the whole empire, but also the real interests 
 and protection of the separate kingdoms. 
 "The first task of the Government, which is 
 composed of men belonging to the representa- 
 tion of the whole country, is to strengthen the 
 constitutional and legal basis, and to ensure 
 everywhere absolute obedience to the laws. 
 The Government, on its part, will accede to the 
 wishes of Galicia so far as they are confined to 
 that province, and are compatible with the 
 conditions of the unity and the power of the 
 whole emjire. The complete independence 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 JANUARy 
 
 of the Reichsrath must be assured by the un- 
 biassed selection of the representatives of the 
 empire." 
 
 86 — Concluded in the Court of Session, 
 Edinburgh, the case of Asher, widow, v. 
 Rennie, a claim for 1,000/. for breach of pro- 
 mise by a Glasgow merchant. This wa,s the 
 second trial of the case, a verdict having been 
 returned, in the beginning of November last, 
 for the defendant. That verdict was set aside 
 by the Court as being contrary to evidence, 
 and a new trial granted, which now ended in 
 ■■he jury unanimously returning a verdict for 
 the plaintiff, with 750/. damages. 
 
 — In a letter dated from Windsor Castle, 
 the Queen acknowledges the sympathy mani- 
 fested by all classes of her subjects on the 
 occasion of the alarming illness of the Prince 
 of Wales. "The universal feeling," writes 
 her Majesty, "shown by her people during 
 those painful, terrible days, and the sympathy 
 evinced by them with herself and her beloved 
 daughter, the Princess of Wales, as well as the 
 general joy at the improvement in the Prince 
 of Wales's state, have made a deep and lasting 
 impression on her heart which can never be 
 effaced. It was, indeed, nothing new to her ; 
 for the Queen had met with the sanie sympathy 
 when, just ten years ago, a similar ^liness re- 
 moved from her side the mainstay of her life, 
 the best, wisest, and tindest of husbands. The 
 Queen wishes to express at the same time, on 
 the part of the Princess of Wales, her feelings 
 of heartfelt gratitude ; for she has been as 
 deeply touched as the Queen by the great and 
 universal manifestation of loyalty a.nd sym- 
 "Mthy. The Queen cannot conclude without 
 xpressing her hope that her faithful subjects 
 \\rill continue their prayers to God for the com- 
 plete recovery of her dear son to health and 
 strength," 
 
 T— Replying to a request for his opinion 
 on the subject of a Church Defence Institu- 
 tion, the Archbishop of Canterbury writes : — 
 " There seems little doubt that vigorous and 
 persistent efforts are being made by those who 
 desire to destroy that connection between the- 
 Church and the State which I regard as equally 
 beneficial to both. I can therefore have no 
 hesitation in saying that some systematic 
 organization, to meet these efforts and keep 
 the public informed on the subject, is much to 
 be desired ; and I think that the clergy and 
 laity of our Church will do well tp aid in the 
 work which the Committee of the Church 
 Defence Institution has undertaken." 
 
 27. — Renewed anxiety regarding the Prince 
 of Wales, the single bulletin now issued daily 
 at noon recording that his Royal Highness had 
 passed the night quietly, " but convalescence 
 is retarded by a painful affection above the left 
 hip, attended with some feverishness." 
 
 39.-^In accordance with an application 
 made onher behalf, f)hristina Edmunds, pharged 
 with wholesale ppisoning at Brighton, was 
 
 5» "■ 
 
 removed to-day from Lewes gaol to Newgale, 
 previous to being tried, under " Palmer's Act," 
 at the Central Criminal Court. On entering 
 her new place of confinement, she made 
 peremptory denjands to be permitted to we^r 
 her bonnet and velvet (presses. 
 
 2|9(. — George Cruiifshank, who had illus- 
 trated Mr. Dickens' novel, "Oliver Twist," 
 writes to the Ipimes, claiming to haye originated 
 that worl^, and been the author of most of the 
 characters. 
 
 — Senator Tweed arrested in the New York 
 Metropohtan Hotel by Sheriff Brennan on a 
 charge of felony connected with the misappro- 
 priation of City funds by the gang known as tl5e 
 ' * Tammany Ring.'' 
 
 30. — Boiler explosion in Glasgow, a ro^d 
 steam-traveller described as " Yuille's Traction 
 Engine," bursting in Paisley Road, killing five 
 and injuring about thirty others, chiefly chil- 
 dren, who had gathered round the lopomottYe 
 during a temporary halt. 
 
 3 1 . — Died at Richmond, Yorkshire, Matthew 
 Greathead, a,ged 102, supposed to be the oldest 
 Freemason in the world, having eritered the 
 Lennox Lodge, No. 123, in 1797. 
 
 1872. 
 
 January 1. — Died, aged 71, William 
 Edwardes, third Lord Kensingtpti, one of 'the 
 survivors of the battle of Navarinp. 
 
 — Addressing the "Druids" at Oxford, 
 Mr. Cardwell remarked:— " We are not a 
 Continental Power. We are not a Transat- 
 lantic Power. We are an insular Power, with 
 the largest foreign dominions and the most 
 scattered dominions of any Power in the world. 
 The natural consequence is that oUr first arm 
 is afloat, and it is the navy. The next is that 
 we desire to have at hand an army I'fcp '^^ 
 navy, first-rate in quality, but not la,rge jn 
 quantity. If we were % Traiisatlantic nation, 
 we should have no relations requiring an armed 
 force with regard to Continental nations. If 
 we were a Continental nation, we should re- 
 quire a larger armed force than we now possess. 
 Being an insular country we have Continental 
 obligations to which we may be called upon to 
 do justice, and for that purpose we ought to be 
 prepared." His brother meiriber, Mr. VernOn 
 Harcourt, spoke pn the annual increase of ih'e 
 natipnal expenditure, 
 
 — : At the ann,ual Kevc-Year reception, tlje 
 Emperor of Germany said that the endeavours 
 of all ought now to be directed towards u(:iliz- 
 ing the peace, yyhich, as he hoped, w^s no}V 
 secured for a long time, in order to strengthen 
 the foundations on which their present greatness 
 had been established, and for the develqpppHt 
 ^i. Gjilture of all in.tellecti(al as wflU a^ mfttgvijl- 
 possessions. 
 
 E 2 
 
JANUARY 
 
 TS72. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 1. — Subscription invited for a 5 per cent. 
 Hungarian loan of 3,000, oooZ. at 8l. 
 
 — The Bishop of Orleans resigns his place 
 in the French Academy, in consequence of the 
 election of M. Littre, whom he described as a 
 materialist and a socialist. 
 
 2. — Died, aged 84, General Sir James Jack- 
 son, Colonel of the 6th Dragoon Guards, a 
 veteran of the Peninsula and Waterloo, and one 
 of the oldest officers in the British army. From 
 his firmness with a mob at Carlow, in 1841, 
 the General was known as " Justice-to-Ireland 
 Jackson." 
 
 3. — A lion-tamer named M'Carthy torn to 
 pieces at Bolton, while exhibiting his power 
 over the animals in Manders' menagerie. 
 
 5. — Died, aged 54, Sir Francis Crossley, 
 M. P. for the Northern Division of the West 
 Riding. 
 
 — Died, at Westboume Road, Edgbaston, 
 aged 72, Joseph Gillott, the first manufacturer 
 of steel pens by machinery. 
 
 6. — ^James Fisk, jun. , of Erie Railway noto- 
 riety, assassinated in the corridor of the Grand 
 Central Hotel, New York, by Edward Stokes, 
 who fired three shots, one of which inflicted a 
 mortal wound in the abdomen. Fisk, who 
 retained consciousness to the last, was closely 
 attended by Gould and Tweed. There had 
 been a long and scandalous litigation between 
 the assassin and his victim, originating in the 
 arrest of Stokes for taking away a woman 
 named Mansfield, with whom Fisk had illicit 
 relations. Stokes gave evidence against Fisk 
 in a libel suit in which this woman was con- 
 cerned, and moreover threatened to publish 
 letters from Fisk to her, revealing various secrets 
 connected with the Erie Railway. Fisk had 
 just obtained an injunction forbidding the pub- 
 lication of these letters, and also induced the 
 grand jury to indict Stokes for conspiracy. 
 
 7. — M. Vautrain returned for Paris by 
 121,158 votes, against 93,423 given to M. 
 Victor Hugo. 
 
 8. — Trades Union Congress at Nottingham, 
 attended by seventy delegates, representing 
 255,710 constituents. 
 
 9. — Count Arnim presents his credentials as 
 German Ambassador to M. Thiers. 
 
 — Royal Commission gazetted " to inquire 
 into the property and income belonging to, 
 administered, or enjoyed by, the universities of 
 Oxford and Cambridge, and the colleges and 
 halls therein (whether held or received for 
 their corporate use, or in trast, or in what- 
 soever other manner), including the prospects 
 of increase or decrease in such property and 
 income ; and also to report the uses to which 
 fiuch property and income are applied, together 
 with all matters of fact tending to exhibit the 
 state and circumstances of the same, and the 
 condition, management, and fiistody of the 
 gsid property and jnqomS/" 
 
 -5t 
 
 9. — Speaking at Liverpool to the members 
 of a Working Man's Conservative Association, 
 Lord Derby, who presided, explained the 
 nature of the work before his party, and the 
 means by which it could be best accom- 
 plished. The Conservative party ought not, 
 he thought, to grow slack and indifferent about 
 public affairs because they were in a minority of 
 100 in the House of Commons. If politicnl 
 life were what many people consider it — "a 
 soaped pole," with 5,000/. a year and lots of 
 patronage at the top — if the end and object of 
 all party efforts were the holding of office for a 
 longer or shorter time, he might agree with 
 them; but the holding of office was only a 
 means. Power was the end, power over the 
 legislative and administrative conduct of affairs ; 
 and a party which at the lowest estimate in- 
 cludes two-fifths of the House of Commons, 
 may exercise very great power when those who 
 sit opposite to it are notoriously divided into 
 sections which have hardly an idea in common, 
 "Don't let us spoil our own game," his lord- 
 ship said. "Don't let us lose power in run- 
 ning after place. If we become the majority 
 it is our duty to accept the responsibilities of 
 that position. But for myself I tell you frankly, 
 though I should rejoice to see a strong Con- 
 servative Government in power, I had infinitely 
 rather, in the public interest and that of your 
 party, sef the Conservatives forming a strong 
 and compact Opposition, than have them, for 
 the fourth time in twenty years, holding office 
 without a tolerably assured majority." ■ Lord 
 Derby contended that recent Irish policy 
 naturally strengthened the position of those 
 who assailed the Church in England, advo- 
 cated a reduction of the national debt in times 
 of prosperity like the present, and expressed 
 his strong opposition to all Ultramontane and 
 Home Rule demands. 
 
 10. — Home Rule demonstration at Limerick, 
 in favour of their new member, Mr. Butt, who 
 admitted that the Church Act and Land Act 
 had done much good, but that they had been 
 grudgingly given. "There-had been other legis- 
 lation in a contrary direction — the last Coercion 
 Bill, for instance, which, had it been enacted 
 in England, would have driven it into rebellion. 
 Another thing was the persistent refusal to re- 
 lease the political prisoners, the men who had 
 led the forlorn hope of the Irish nation. " He 
 concluded by calling on the people to receive 
 all classes and all creeds into their union. 
 
 — Explosion at Oakwood Colliery, Maes- 
 teg, South Wales, causing the instantaneous 
 death of eleven men employed in the works. 
 
 — Manifesto in regard to the use of 
 alcohol for medicinal purposes circulated 
 among the leading members of the medical 
 profession. Those signing it expressed an 
 opinion that no medical practitioner should 
 prescribe it without a sense of grave respon- 
 sibility. "They believe that alcohol, in 
 whatever form, should be prescribed with as 
 wuch care as any powerful drug, and that the 
 
JANUARY 
 
 TS72. 
 
 JANUAR \ 
 
 divections for its use should be- so ftamed as 
 not to be interpreted as a sanction for excess, 
 or necessarily for the continuance of its use 
 when the occasion is past. Tliey are also of 
 opinion that many people immensely exagge- 
 rate the value of alcohol as an article of diet, 
 and since no class of men see so much of its 
 ill-efifects, and possess such power to restrain its 
 abuse, as members of their own profession, 
 they hold that every medical practitioner is 
 bound to exert his utmost influence to inculcate 
 habits of great moderation in the use of alcoholic 
 liquids." 
 
 12. — Rev. John Selby Watson found guilty 
 at the Central Criminal Court of the murder of 
 his wife, and sentenced to death by M-r. Justice 
 Byles. Regarding the plea of insanity urged 
 on his behalf, the prisoner, before sentence was 
 passed, said, " I only wish to say that the de- 
 fence which has been maintained in my favour 
 is a lust and honest one." The Crown after- 
 wards gave effect to the jury's recommendation 
 to mercy, and commuted the extreme penalty 
 to confinement for life. 
 
 — Vice-Chancellor Malins makes an order 
 for the compulsory winding up of the European 
 Assurance Society. 
 
 — Died at Nice, in his 64th year, the Due 
 de Persigny, formerly French Ambassador in 
 I^ondon of the Emperor Napoleon III. 
 
 — Died at Cannes, aged 67, M. Jean 
 Barthelemy Arles-Dufour, an eminent French 
 free-trader. 
 
 13. — The Metropolitan Board of Works 
 take formal possession of Hampstead Heath 
 on behalf of the public. 
 
 14-. — Last bulletin issued regarding the 
 Prince of Wales, who was reported to be 
 making satisfactory progress, and daily gaining 
 strength. 
 
 15. — Tried at the Central Criminal Court, 
 before Mr. Baron Martin, Christina Edmunds, 
 charged with murder and various attempts at 
 murder by poisoning. It was sought through 
 medical witnesses to give effect to a plea of 
 insanity set up on her behalf, but it was re- 
 jected by the jury, who on the i6th returned a 
 verdict of guilty, and the prisoner was sentenced 
 to death. Siie thereupon made a statement 
 which led to the empanelling of a jury of 
 matrons, who received the assistance of some 
 medical gentlemen in court, and finally decided 
 tiiat there existed no ground for arrest of judg- 
 ment. It was stated that there had been no occa- 
 sion before for empanelling a jury of matrons 
 at the Central Criminal Court for about fifteen 
 years. The extreme sentence in this case was 
 also commuted to imprisonment for life. 
 
 — Celebrated in the parish church of 
 Chantilly, the marriage of the Princess Margaret 
 of Orleans, eldest daughter of the Due de 
 Nemours, with Prince Ladislas Czartoryski, son 
 of the famous Polish leader in the great insur- 
 rection against fvussia. 
 
 IS. — The hearing of the Tichbome case 
 resumed, the Attorney-General commencing 
 his speech for the defence. 
 
 16. — Mary Crawford, or Deuchars, 23 
 years of age, the wife of a pattern designer, 
 drowned her three children in the Clyde, at 
 Glasgow, the eldest being three years of age, 
 the others two years and three months respec- 
 tively. She then committed suicide by throw- 
 ing herself into the river. She bad. been married 
 about five years, her husband being a widower 
 with four young children. 
 
 — The Rev, J. S. Drew, rector of Oving- 
 ton, Hants, writes regarding the case of Mr. 
 Watson, who, along with his wife, had been 
 members of his congregation when at St. Bar- 
 nabas, South Lambeth: — "She was always 
 fretful and often violent in temper. She always 
 sat with him in his study while he was at work, 
 he hardly ever walked out without her, and 
 in all their intercourse he bore himself towards 
 her with the most admirable patience until that 
 fatal moment when, through some outrageous 
 provocation on her part as I cannot doubt, he 
 gave way to literally ungovernable rage. I 
 hoped until the last day of the trial that I 
 should have had an opportunity to make this 
 statement in court, and thus show the nature 
 of an influence which was ever so dangerously 
 near and ready to work on the morbid suscep- 
 tibility of the unhappy man. Now, having 
 also forwarded this testimony to the Home 
 Secretary, I take the only course which remains 
 open to help in rescuing my unfortunate friend 
 from his melancholy doom, and to clear from 
 infamy the name of one of the most conside- 
 rate, kindly, and honourable men I have ever 
 known." 
 
 — The first railway train connecting Turkey 
 with Europe enters Stamboul. 
 
 17. — Roman Catholic demonstration in 
 Dublin, in favour of denominational education. 
 "Nothing," said Cardinal CuUen, who pre- 
 sided, " but the old spirit of ascendency would 
 think of subjecting seventy or eighty Catholic 
 children — about the average in each school — 
 to religious restrictions in favour of a small 
 fraction of Protestants." In such cases he 
 claimed the fulness of religious teaching for 
 Catholic children. On account of the Catho- 
 licity of the population, he went on to say, 
 mixed schools do not and cannot exist. He 
 further declared that proselytism was carried 
 on in national schools, negatively, by keeping 
 Catholic children from any knowledge of reli- 
 gious doctrine and positively by teaching anti- 
 Catholic doctrines. Thousands, he stated, of 
 Catholic children received religious instruction 
 " from Presbyterian or other heterpdox teachers, 
 recite anti-Catholic praygrs, and read in the 
 schools the Protestant version of the Bible, " 
 
 — Died, aged 84, Lewis Doxat, one of 
 the oldest London journalists, having con- 
 ducted the Obsei-v^r for the long period of fifty 
 } eai-s, 
 
 53 
 
JANUARY 
 
 1872. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 17. — Statfl? of Benjamin Fraiiklln, a gift 
 from the printiers of the city, nnveiled iii New 
 York on this the i66th anniversary of the 
 philosopher's birth. Mr. Horace Greeley said 
 on the occasion : " I love and revere him as a 
 journeyman printer who was frugal and didn't 
 drink ; a farvmu who rose from want to 
 competence, from obscurity to fame, without 
 losing his head ; a statesman who did not 
 crucify mankind with long-winded documents 
 or speeches ; a diplomatist who did not 
 intrigue ; a philosopher who never lied ; and 
 an office-holder who didn't steal." 
 
 — News of a rebellion in Loodiana arrives 
 in London. 
 
 rt. — The Emperor of Germany, proposing 
 '& toast at a meeting of the Chapter of the 
 Order of the Black Eagle, said :^" We cele- 
 brate to-day a double anniversary of the most 
 important events of Prussian history. On this 
 day, 171 years ago, the first King of Prussia 
 was crowned. This daiy last year my accept- 
 ance of the German lihperial Crown, unani- 
 mously offered me by all 'the princes and free 
 towns of Germany, was proclaimed. Conscious 
 if the obligations I have assumed, I, on the 
 first anniversary of this great event, again ex- 
 press to the illustrious presenters of my new 
 position, in presence of their representatives, 
 my deeply-felt thanks, hoping that by our 
 united efforts we shall succeed in fulfilling the 
 just hopes of Germany. " The Bavarian Minis- 
 ter then, in the name of the King of Bavaria 
 and the illustrious federate allies in the Empire, 
 proposed "The health of the German Emperor, 
 William (he Victorious." 
 
 — It is decided at a Cabinet Council that 
 Great Bi'itain would not consent to have the 
 Americaii indirect claims submitted for arbitra- 
 tion. 
 
 — Explosion in Gladstone's cartridge factory, 
 Greenwich, injuring about thirty girls eitoployed 
 there. 
 
 19. — M. Rouher addresses the electors of 
 Corsica, insisting that the country could no 
 longer support the internal dissension pre- 
 vailing. "The supreme duty of parties is to 
 immolate to it their resistances and ambitions, 
 to respectfully solicit the high manifestations 
 of the national will, and then to dissolve them- 
 selves or to become reconciled under the 
 salutary authority of the definitive Govern- 
 ment created by the country. Order, the 
 liberty of all, cannot henceforward have any 
 other basis. " 
 
 — The French National Assembly, by 377 
 to 207 votes, adopt a proposal for appoint- 
 ing a Conlmission to inquire whether it is 
 possible to adjust the Budget without taxing 
 raw material. M. Thiers thereupon threatened 
 'to resign. 
 
 "^O; — Died, aged 73, the Sev. Canon 
 Moseley, Bristol, one of the earliest sdhool 
 inspectors under the old Education Act 
 '54 
 
 !i6.- -Rtimour being 'busy during the Kerry 
 election with the name of Mt. Bright Ss aa 
 advocate for Home Rule, he now writes to The 
 O'Donoghue : "To have two representative 
 legislative assemblies of Parliament in the 
 United Kingdom would be, in my opinion, an 
 intolerable tnischief, and I think iio sensible 
 man can wish for two within the limits of the 
 present United Kingdom who does not wish 
 the United Kingdom to become two or more 
 nations entirely sepa'rated from each other." 
 
 — Died, aged 87, General Sir Alexander 
 Lindsay, one of the oldest generals of the 
 Bengal Artillery. 
 
 22. — The Versailles tribunal pronounce 
 sentence on the murderers of the hostages in 
 the prison of La Roquette. One, Gerson, was 
 sentenced to death, and fourteen others to 
 various terms of imprisoninent. 
 
 23.— Sir Wm. Jenner gazetted a K. C. B. , 
 and Dr. W. W. Gull a baronet. 
 
 24. — Nonconformist Conference at Man- 
 chester, called to insist upon " united literary 
 education by the State, and separate religious 
 educatiori by parents, or the voluntary agency of 
 religious committees." In apaperdii the political 
 relation of the NohconforWiSts to &e Liberal 
 party, Mr. Richard, M. P., said: — "Our quarrel 
 with thosein power is one purely of principle. 
 We have no intention to withdraw our confi- 
 dence and support from Mr. Gladstone. He 
 is the Minister of our predilection, and we are 
 proud of his transcendent abilities. But if it 
 comes to be a question between allegiance to a 
 party and loyalty to principle, we cannot hesi- 
 tate. We are willing to eixerci'Se patience, to 
 make concessions ; but to adopt a course which 
 win involve thesacrifice, or the surrender, or the 
 serious coaipromise of these vital principles for 
 the sake of any man or party is what we cannot, 
 what we ought not, what we must not, what 
 we dare not, and, by God's help, what we will 
 not do." Several members of Parliament took 
 occasion when addressing their constituents at 
 this time to censure in strong terms this 
 " Nonconformist revolt." 
 
 — Severe gale in London ; one of the lesser 
 towers of the new Palace of Westminster 
 blown down. 
 
 25. — For the first time since his illness the 
 Prince of Wales walks for a short time in the 
 open air. Active preparitibtis noW commence 
 to be made for a special thanksgiving service at 
 St. Paul's. 
 
 — Decree dissolving the Spanish Cortes 
 read in the Chamber amid great excitement. 
 
 28.— Died, aged 81, Admiral Robert 
 Gambier, who aided in the reduction of the 
 Cape, Buenos Ayres, and Maldonado. 
 
 29.— The Court of Queen's Bench decide 
 that they have povVer to isslie a mandamus 
 against the Treasury respecting the disallow- 
 ance of the costs of crimi'nal jirOsecutioJis. 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 187: 
 
 FEHRUAKV 
 
 3.O.— The Bishop of B^th and Wells 
 inhibits Archdeacon Denison from continuing 
 •certain ceremonial observances in East Brent 
 ■Church, and signifies his intention of revoking 
 the licences of two assistant curates. The 
 Archdeacon replied that the inhibition had 
 jiot been complied with, nor would it be so 
 long as 'he remained Vicar of East Brent. 
 
 . — Meeting at the .Mansion House in aid 
 ■of ithe fund being raised for the relief of 
 X>r. Livingstone. 
 
 . — Died, aged 82, General Francis iRawdon 
 Chesney, Royal Artillery, head of the Euphrates 
 -Exploring Expedition, 1836-8. 
 
 February 2. — Closing a series of letters 
 ■on "invasion Panics," Mr. yernon Harcourt 
 •writes in the Times to-day: "i confess I am 
 much ijiore afraid of being .run ov^r by a 
 hansom than I am of beirig siaiightered by a 
 ""German. If I felt as certain that Lord-Elcho 
 would protect me against the one, as 1 am 
 ■sure -he will preserve me from the other, I 
 should feel quite happy. But when we are 
 tasked to insure against risks, which ex hypo- 
 .thesi it is inipossible to calculate, because they 
 .depend upon events which cannot be antici- 
 pated, and, therefore, cannot be measured — 
 which defy the test of past experience or 
 existing conditions— we are utterly helpless. It 
 is this unintelligible system of political arith- 
 metic which has brought us to the too intelli- 
 gible sum of our public expenditure. It is a | 
 very good thing to have a large margin — but 
 a margin presupposes some limited and known 
 dimension which it circumscribes. I have 
 always understood that an unknown infinity 
 was superior to a margin." 
 
 — In the libel case of Pook v. Crosland, 
 arising out of a pamphlet on the Eltham 
 ■murder, the jury gave a verdict for the plaintiff 
 — damages pJso.' In a similar action against 
 .the proprietor of the Kentish Mercury, a 
 verdict was taken for the plaintiff by agree- 
 ment. 
 
 — The National Assembly, by 366 to 310 
 votes, reject a motion in favoHrof returning 
 to Paris. A bill authorizing the. Govern- 
 ment, to ".denounce" the commercial, treaty 
 with England was approved of by ,?i,lar^e 
 , majority. 
 
 3. — Earl Granville informs Mr. Fish that 
 'the British Government do not consider it to 
 be within the province- of the Geneva tribunal 
 ■to decide upon the "indirect claims." The 
 ■British ease now made public sought . to . show 
 ■that the claims to be referred to the tribunal 
 -were claims "growing out of the acts " of 
 .certain vessels in respect of which the Govern- 
 ment of the United States alleges that Great 
 Britain has failed to fulfil some international 
 -duty. '"If in the judgment of the tribunal 
 •there 'has been such a failure in respect of 
 ■any speciified-'-vessel or vessels, the tribunal may 
 
 >dopt at its discretion either of tvvo courses, 
 it ;nay award such a gross sum as the arbi- 
 tiators may dqem just, to be paid by Great 
 Britain in full satisfaction of all well-foundqd 
 claims ,on the part of the United State-s, 
 ' growing out of the acts ' of the vessel or 
 vessels in respect of which there has been a 
 failure of duty ; or, on the other hand, it 
 may content itself with .deciding as to each or 
 any vessel in respect of which there has been 
 a failure of duty, the measure ,or extent of the 
 liability which on general principles may justly 
 be deemed to have been incurred by such 
 failure. In the event of the second course 
 being chosen, the office of examining and 
 adjudicating on the validity oi^particular claims 
 'growing out of the acts' of the specified vessel 
 or vessels is remitted to a board of assessors." 
 
 3.— Died. at Hammersmith, Miss Julia Tre- 
 lawney Leigh Hunt, daughter of ;the poet Leigh 
 Hunt. 
 
 5. — It is officially announced that M. Casimir- 
 Perier, French Minister of the Interior, _and M. 
 Leqp Say, Prefect of .Paris, had resigried. 
 
 — Another explosion in the "mixing-house" 
 of Hall's powder works, Faversham. Two 
 men were killed on the spot, and t^° injured. 
 
 — Sir William Stirling Maxwell installed 
 as Lord Rector of the University of 'Edinburgh. 
 
 . — Died at Montreux, Switzerland, Pefe 
 Gratry, a popular preacher pf the Gallican 
 Church. 
 
 6. — Mr. F. S. Powell, Conservative, elected 
 for the North- West Riding by '6,961 votes, 
 against 6,917 given to his Liberal opponent, 
 Isaac Holden. — Captain Nolan, a Home Rule 
 candidate, elected for Galway by a majority of 
 2, 165 over Mr. Trench. 
 
 — Parliament opened by Royal Commissiop. 
 The Royal Speech made ,reference tp the de- 
 liverance of the Prince of Wales from, imminent 
 danger. "I purpose," it was said, "that on 
 Tuesday, the 27th ihst., conformably to the 
 good and becoming. usage. of former clays, the 
 blessingsithus, received shall be acknowledged 
 
 .on:behalf,of the nation by a . thaaksgiving in 
 the Metropolitan Cathedral. At this celebra- 
 jtion it is my, desire and: hope to: be present. 
 . . . The slave.trade, and practices scarcely 
 to be distinguished from slave-trading, still 
 pursued in more than one. quarter of the .world, 
 continue to attract the attention of my Goveru- 
 , ment. In the South Sea Islands, the name of 
 the British Empire is even now dishonoured by 
 the connection of some. of my subjects with 
 these nefarious practices ; and in one of them 
 the murder of an exemplary prelate has cast 
 fresh light upon some of their baleful conse- 
 quences. A bill will be , presented to you, for 
 the. purpose. of facilitating the trial of ofiences 
 of this class in Australasia." In connection 
 with the Treaty of Washing,ton, cases had: been 
 laid; before: the .iarbjtuatora, on 'behalf u©f„ea}:h 
 -S5 - 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1872. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 party. " In the case so submitted on behalf 
 of the United States, large claims have been 
 iuclnded, which are understood on my part not 
 to be within the province of the arbitrators. 
 On this subject I have caused a friendly com- 
 munication to be made to the Government of 
 the United States. The Emperor of Germany 
 has undertaken to arbitrate on the San Juan 
 water boundary ; and the cases of the two 
 Governments have been presented to his Im- 
 perial Majesty." Bills were promised in con- 
 nection with education in Scotland, regulation 
 of mines, licensing system, secret voting, and 
 con'upt practices at elections. The Address 
 was agreed to in each House without a divi- 
 sion, Mr. Disraeli criticising with some severity 
 the misunderstanding which had been permitted 
 to grow out of the Washington Treaty. Her 
 Majesty's Ministers had adopted a new system 
 of vindicating their policy during the recess, 
 and might be said for the last six months to 
 have lived in a blaze of apology. 
 
 6. — Died, General W. F. Beatson, chief 
 of the Bashi-Bazouk force during the Crimean 
 War. 
 
 7. — The Speaker, Mr. Denison, announces 
 his intention of resigning, as the labour of the 
 House had increased of late to an extent which 
 greatly overtaxed his strength. Mr. Gladstone 
 thereupon gave notice of his intention to move 
 a vote of thanks for his fifteen years' distin- 
 guished services in the chair, and for an address 
 to her Majesty that she would be graciously 
 pleased to bestow some .signal mark of her 
 Royal favour upon the Speaker. On the sub- 
 ject of the pension usually given to retiring 
 Speakers, Mr. Denison had previously wntten 
 to the Prime Minister : — "Though without any 
 pretensions to wealth, I have a private fortune 
 which will suffice, and for the few years of life 
 that remain to me I should be happier in feel- 
 ing that I am not a burden to my fellow- 
 ;ountrymen." 
 
 — Came on before the Judicial Committee 
 of the Privy Council, the case of the Rev. John 
 Purchas, of Brighton, charged with not having 
 obeyed the monitions as to the discontinuance 
 of certain vestments in the Holy Communion 
 service, and the performance of ceremonies he 
 had practised in the services ; as also in the 
 use of lighted candles, incense, and mixing 
 water with the communion wine, and likewise 
 as to wafer bread. Mr. Purchas was further cited 
 for not paying the taxed costs of 2,096/. 14J. \od. 
 incurred in the former proceedings. Mr. Pur- 
 chas did not appear. The Lord Chancellor 
 said their lordships were clearly of opinion 
 that several acts of contempt had been proved 
 against Mr. Purchas, and the order they would 
 pronounce would be that Mr. Purchas be sus- 
 pended ab officio for one year from the time of 
 service of the order. As to the costs, their 
 lordships would direct that Mr. Purchas be 
 pronounced in contempt, and a sequestration 
 be issued on his lay property. 
 S6 
 
 7. — Convocation meets for the despatch of 
 business, the Bishop of Winchester presenting 
 a memorial from the Church Union to the 
 Upper House, praying that any alterations 
 made in the Prayer-book may be based rather 
 upon the first Prayer-book of Edward VI. than 
 upon any subsequent revision of that book, and 
 that such alterations may only be made after 
 mature deliberation by the Convocation of the 
 two Provinces " ratified by the full authority 
 of the whole Sacred Synod of the nation, as 
 was done on December 20, 1661, after the last 
 revision of the book." 
 
 — Died, at Netting Hill, aged 77, the 
 Right Rev. S. Hinds, formerly Bishop of 
 Norwich. 
 
 — Died at Baltimore, aged 62 years, the 
 Most Rev. John Spalding, D.D., Roman 
 Catholic Primate of the United States. 
 
 8. — Lord Redesdale gives notice of his in- 
 tention to ask the Foreign Minister a hypothe- 
 tical question on the subject of the Alabama 
 claims. 
 
 — Died, aged 72, Joseph Pease, a leading 
 member of the Society of Friends in Darling- 
 ton, and connected by marriage with the Gurney 
 and Fry families. 
 
 — Assassination of Lord Mayo, Governor- 
 General of India. The Viceroy left Moulmein 
 on the 6th, and reached Andaman Island this 
 morning. After inspecting the public institu- 
 tions in all the dangerous parts of the convict 
 colony, he ascended Mount Harriet, for the 
 view, accompanied by a superintendent, a staff 
 of seven, and an armed police guard. They 
 reached the top near sunset, stayed ten minutes, 
 and walked down with Count Waldstein and 
 Captain Lock wood in advance, the rest close 
 together, with the Viceroy's guard on both 
 sides and in the rear. About 300 yards from 
 the hill darkness came on and torches were lit. 
 No convicts were near, except on barrow?, 
 with overseers, on a line off the road. About 
 a quarter to seven they reached the pier, a 
 narrow erection with steep stone sides. When 
 about twenty-five yards from the boat, the 
 superintendent, with the Viceroy's permission, 
 dropped a little behind to give an order. It 
 was now quite dark. The armed escort was 
 close to the Viceroy on both sides, the police 
 and his body servant in the rear, and Major 
 Burne a few paces to the left. The. Viceroy 
 advanced a few paces along the pier, when a 
 person unseen sprang in a moment out of the 
 darkness, and stabbed him twice, on the top 
 of the left shoulder and under the right shoulder- 
 blade. The assassin was immediately seized. 
 The Viceroy ran a few paces forward and fell 
 over the pier into shallow water on the left, 
 but got up himself, and was helped out, his 
 shoulder bleeding copiously. Lord Mayo 
 walked firmly, felt his shoulder, and said, 
 "I don't think I am much hurt." He was 
 laid on a cart, the blood now flowing rapidly. 
 When being carried to the boat after his 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1872. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 wounds were bound up, the Viceroy said-twice, 
 " Lift up my head." He spoke no more, but 
 expired shortly afterwards on his way to the 
 ship. The assassin, who was seized on the spot, 
 turned out to be a convict named Sliere Ali, 
 sentenced to penal servitude for a murder com- 
 mitted in Peshawur in 1867. Intelligence of 
 the calamity reached London on the afternoon 
 of the I2th, and in the evening appropriate 
 tributes were paid to Lord Mayo's great merits 
 in both Houses of Parliament. He was born 
 in 1822, sat in the House of Commons as Chief 
 Secretary for Ireland in Lord Derby's Adminis- 
 tration, and was sent out to India by Mr. Dis- 
 raeli as Viceroy in 1868. The body was taken 
 in the first instance to Calcutta, where the 
 utmost excitement prevailed for a time, and 
 then conveyed by way of Suez to England. 
 
 8. — Died, aged 87, John Poole, dramatist, 
 author of the once popular " Paul Pry." 
 
 9. — Mr. Brand elected Speaker in room t,f 
 Mr. Denison, his proposer being Sir Roundell 
 Palmer, and seconder Mr. Locke-King. 
 
 10. — Departure of the Livingstone Search 
 Expedition, consisting of Lieut. Dawson, R.N., 
 Lieut. Henn, R.N., and Mr. Oswald Living- 
 stone, son of the traveller. 
 
 — The Prince and Princess of Wales leave 
 Sandringham for Windsor and Osborne. 
 
 12. — M. Rouher elected to sit for Corsica in 
 the National Assembly. 
 
 — Mines Regulation Bill introduced by Mr. 
 Bruce, and the Scotch Education Bill by the 
 Lord Advocate. 
 
 13. — The late Speaker of the House of 
 Commons takes his seat in the Lords as 
 Viscount Ossington. 
 
 — Lord Redesdale asked the Secretary for 
 Foreign Affairs whether, if A and B in 
 partnership sue C in a court of law for injury 
 done to their firm by fraud or otherwise, and 
 C pleads and proves that B was acting with 
 him in all the matters complained of, such plea 
 would not be a complete answer to the suit, 
 and render any recovery of damages impossible? 
 Why a plea which is good law and which com- 
 mon sense pronounces to be just has not been 
 considered by her Majesty's Government ap- 
 plicable to a new case in international law, aiid 
 urged against the Alabama claims made on 
 this country by the LTnited States of America, 
 in which the North and South are now 
 partners, inasmuch as all the acts for which 
 this country is charged with being culpably 
 responsible were done by the South, and that 
 partner now joins in the application to be paid 
 for having done them? Lord Granville de- 
 clined to answer hypothetical questions on 
 English law, and stated that it would be 
 undesirable to discuss the Alabama claims at 
 the present stage of the negotiations. 
 
 — In answer to a question put by Mr. 
 Mowbray, Mr. Gladstone explains some cir- 
 
 cumstances connected with the recent appoint- 
 ment to the Rectory of Ewelme. He said that 
 the Act severing the rectory from the Regius 
 Professorship of Divinity at Oxford did not at 
 all limit the area over which the Crown could 
 exercise its patronage, except that the Crown 
 was entitled to present only a member of the 
 University of Oxford. He admitted that it 
 was he who had recommended Mr. Harvey, 
 of King's College, Cambridge, to become /ri 
 formd a member of the University of Oxford 
 and that it was no part of his duty to ascertain 
 by inspection of original documents whether he 
 was possessed of the various qualifications 
 which Mr. Mowbray had enumerated. He 
 would, however, make inquiries, and inform 
 the House of the result. 
 
 15. — Earl Stanhope moves the sense of 
 the House regarding the elevation of Sir 
 Robert Collier lo 1 he Bench of Common Pleas, 
 strongly condemning- the course which the 
 Government had taken. After explanation by 
 Lord Granville the motion was negatived by 
 89 to 88 votes. In the course of the debate 
 the Duke of Argyll declared that the letter of 
 the Lord Chief Justice was only the letter of 
 Sir Alexander Cockburn ; and throughout it he 
 indulged in railing — he might almost say in 
 ribald — accusation against the Goverijment. 
 When such was the case he denied that their 
 lordships were bound to attach any more weight 
 to the obiter dicta of Sir Alexander Cockburn 
 than to those of anyone else. Sir Alexander's 
 vocabulary was so rich and spicy, or so ** sen- 
 sational," as Mr. Justice Willes called it — and 
 that meant claptrap r-ubbi.-h — (a laugh) — that 
 he hardlyknew how to deal with it. ''Evasion," 
 "impropriety," "subrefuge," were some of 
 the pretty terms that were used ; and he (the 
 noble duke) took leave to tell him that their 
 lordships were quite as able as he was to judge 
 of the applicability of such phrases. The 
 letter, then, was simply the letter of Sir 
 Alexander Cockburn, written, too, in a state 
 of great irritation, and even of effervescence. 
 And why ? Because this Government, which 
 was so addicted to jobbery, had actually kept 
 a judgeship in the Queen's Bench vacant for 
 two years. — Lord Westbury described this 
 attack as unjust and indecent ; and acting on 
 the suggestion of mutual friends, his grace took 
 an early opportunity of expressing his regret 
 "fur any words which may have justly seemed 
 personally offensive to the Lord Chief Justice." 
 The Post thereupon remarked, " With respect 
 to the apology made by the Duke of Argyll in 
 the House of Lords yesterday afternoon it is 
 enough to state, as we are in a position to 
 state, that had such an apology not been made, 
 either by the Duke of Argyll or some other 
 member of the Cabinet, it would have been 
 impossible for Sir Alexander Cockburn to 
 continue to represent the Government on the 
 Alabama arbitration." In the Commons a 
 vote of censure on the Collier case was rejected 
 by 268 to 241 votes. 
 
 57 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 115. — iln ^lie Gctmmons the second reading 
 of the iBaJlat Eill is cairied by i.09 to 5a votes. 
 
 — Meeting in St. James' Hall, to promote 
 reform in the Churdi -cif England, as opposed 
 to disestablishment ; presided over .by Lord 
 I^yttetton. Resolutions were proposed "having 
 reference to increased liberty in the use of 
 Prayer-book services, the discontinuance of the 
 Atliana.'^ian Creed, and lay representation for 
 parocliial work. 
 
 1©. — .Died, in his 90th year, the Right .Rev. 
 .Dr. J3aly, Protestant Bishop of Waterford and 
 Casliel. 
 
 — Despatches from Melbourne announce 
 that'Bishop Patteson's death had been "avenged" 
 by shelling the village where 'the murder was 
 committed. 
 
 .17. — Murder in Lambeth. While George 
 Merritt, a stoker, was proceeding to his work 
 at the Lion Brewery about three o'clock A.M., 
 -he was met by a man who at once fired 
 A pistol at him. The first shot missed ; then 
 a second was fired, which also missed. Merritt 
 now began to run, when a third shot was fired, 
 . .which struck him in the neck. The assassin 
 .then came. up, and, attacking him in a fearful 
 .manner, with a. dagger, stabbed him several 
 times, and then ran away. He was. met at the 
 .top of Tennison Street by a constable, who 
 stopped him, .and took him back to the spot 
 whence the reports of the pistol proceeded. 
 The .body of the victim was then found. On 
 the .policeman turning his lantern on the 
 lunfortunate man, the assassin said, ' ' Why, 
 .that is not the man I wanted." The wounded 
 ■man soon afterwards expired, and the assassin 
 ^was taken into custody. He gave his name or 
 names as William Chester IVlinor, and it was 
 .afterwards ascertained that he had at one time 
 ..been a surgeon in the American army, serving 
 with distinction during the late war. At his 
 trial at Kingston assizes, before Chief Justice 
 .Bovill, the jury gave effect to a plea of insanity 
 set up on the prisoner's behalf, and he was 
 oi'dered to he confined during her Majesty's 
 ipleasure. 
 
 rB. — Died at Jersey, aged 86 years, General 
 •Charles Richard William Lane, C. B., of the 
 Bengal Infantry, a veteran of the Mahratta 
 and Burmese wars. 
 
 19. — Lord Shaftesbury's Ecclesiastical Pro- 
 cedure Bill thrown out in the Lords by 24 
 votes to 14, the principal speech against the mea- 
 ■ sure being made by the Bishop of Peterborough. 
 Of all men, he said, the clergy from the very 
 • nature of their profession stand most in need 
 of protection. A clergyman is a person brought 
 into collision — sometimes violent collision — 
 with the prejudices, passions, and party-spirit 
 of the people, and yet it is proposed that he 
 'Shairi5e liable to prosecution by these people. 
 The squire of the parish whose wife may not 
 'Jiave received a return visit from the clergy- 
 (nan'swife, may, vdth his gardener and bailiff, 
 form the prosecuting trio. Or the trio may 
 58 
 
 .consist of the 'poib'lican, who ha« been offended 
 ■by the vicar's last seumon against dBonianness, 
 .and two of iis .best .customers. iH.e admitted 
 .that some years ago .there might be a necessity 
 .for Church .associations, hut these vigilance 
 -committees 'weite irupidly becoming a dangejous 
 ruling power in the Church instead ;of the 
 Bishops. " The Church Association is not the 
 only association of this kind — :tihere is ajso the 
 tlhurch Union. I admit .that the object of that 
 society is not to undertake prosecutions^- 
 (cheers) — but after a time, when persecution 
 has gone on incessantly upon one side, there is 
 that in human nature, and in clerical human 
 nature, to turn upon the other side, and what 
 will then be the peace and iharmony ..of the 
 Church when it is divided between these rival 
 persecutors, when each dioceae is turned into 
 a happy hunting ground .for. these rival societies 
 — these theological Communists and Versail- 
 lists — and when each in its turn proceeds to 
 mark out its respective hostages for ecclesiasti- 
 cal execution ? (Cheers.) A nice state of things 
 for the clergy — the Church Association swoop- 
 ing down upon them from above, the Churcli 
 Union rushing on them from below, while 
 every now and then, they find themselves hooked 
 by a neat turn of the lEpiScqpal wrist." 
 (Laughter.) " Make the clergy," concluded the 
 Bishop, " the slaves of a faction, or the victims 
 of a party ; destroy their self-respect and 
 independence ; and it will not be so much the 
 clergy in the end as the laity .who will s.uffsr. 
 Whatever degrades the clergy. injures ..the laity 
 of the Church, and therefore it .is not mainly 
 in the interests of the clergy, but quite as much 
 in the interests of the laity, that I do most 
 earnestly entreatyour lordships not to vote for 
 the second readingof this-bill." 
 
 19. — Lady Charles Innes 'Kerr seriously 
 ■injured in the hunting-field, Jier [horse rolling 
 over her .when : taking a -fenee near Langley 
 Park. She was conveyed to Rowley Farm, 
 and passed fully a month in. a. state exciting 
 wide commisei ation among. all classes, from 
 the Queen downwards. 
 
 21. — Mr. William Longman writes to the 
 Times urging the propriety of .following pre- 
 cedents observed in 1664 and 1678, by opening 
 on the Thanksgiving day " a J3ook of Sub- 
 scriptions for the completion of : the Cathedral 
 Church of St. Paul, made in the year 1872, as 
 a Perpetual Memorial of Thanksgiving for the 
 recovery of his Royal Highness the Prince of 
 Wales. from a dangerous sickness, "and to keep 
 this ;book, like its two predecessors, .in :the 
 library of St. Paul's, as a permanent record of 
 the year in which a crowning ■ effort w.Eis.made 
 for the completion, of the Cathedral. ".Iji this 
 book it is intended that tl-ie names of, all those 
 who may make contributions for this especial 
 object shall be inscribed, and it is htjped , that 
 all who may be able. to do so will, as was dojje 
 by our forefathtrs, sign their names in it, as 
 the interest and value of i the book to future 
 geJierationswiU thereby be greatly increased." 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1872. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 21. — Died, aged 8b years, Colonel W. 
 Nicol Burns, late of the Indian Army, last 
 surviving son of the poet. 
 
 — Lord Northbrook announced as the new 
 Govemoi-- General of India. The duties of 
 Acting- Viceroy were, in the meantime, per- 
 formed by Lord Napier of Merchiston. 
 
 — Mr. Chambers' Marriage with a Deceased 
 Wife's Sister Bill read a second time in the 
 Commons by l86 to 138 votes. 
 
 — Funeral service at Calcutta, in front of 
 Government House, over the remains of Lord 
 Mayo, afterwards conveyed with befitting cere- 
 mony on board her Majesty's ship Daphne. 
 
 — Sir John Coleridge concludes his speech 
 •for the defence in the Tichborne case, having 
 spoken for twenty-six days. 
 
 aS.— The Army Estimates moved by Mr. 
 'Card well— total amount, 14; 824, 500/. ; net 
 decrease as compared with 1871, 1,027,000/. ; 
 'number of naen 133,460, against 135,047 in 
 187'!. One object specially kept in view Under 
 "the -Reconstruction Act Of last year, w'as the 
 localization of forces — identification with a 
 'locality for the purposes of recruiting, of train- 
 ing, of-cohnecting regulars with auxiliaries, and 
 of connecting the reserves with those who are 
 actually under the standards. He believed 
 ■that the principles of localization, wisely carried 
 into effect, "will attract to the standards classes 
 'Which do not now join them, will spread abroad 
 a. knowledge of the advantages which are 
 offered by service in the army, and will 
 associate the army with ties of family and 
 kindred. It will induce men from the militia 
 to join the army, and it will destroy competi- 
 tion in recruiting between the army and the 
 militia." It was proposed to divide the country 
 into territorial districts, in each of which there 
 would 'be a battalion of the line and two militia 
 regiments, and with them would be brigaded 
 the volunteers of the district under the com- 
 mand of a lieutenant-colonel of the regulars, 
 acting as brigadier. Each district would have 
 a local central depot, at which the recruiting 
 'and training would be carried on not only of 
 the militia, but of the reserves and of the 
 recruits for the line battalions. 
 
 — Execution at Satory of Lagrange and 
 others, as the murderers of Generals Lecomte 
 and Thomas. 
 
 23. ^Mr. Fish answers Lord Granville's 
 ' ' friendly communication " regarding the in- 
 direct claims, by affirming that the/are covered 
 by the protocol and treaty. The American 
 Government, therefore, cannot withdraw from 
 the case which they have presented for arbitra- 
 tion. The abrogation of the Treaty, it was 
 also mentioned, was left to England. 
 
 — Mr. Monckton carries for the Conser- 
 vatives t;heseat of North Notts, vacant by the 
 elevation of the Speaker ; the numbers 'being, 
 Molickton 3,580, LayCock 1,524. 
 
 23.^ — Demonstration at Antwerp in favour 
 of the Count de Chambord, 
 
 24. — Navy Estimates issued. Total sum 
 required for the year, 9,508,149/., being a 
 decrease of 281,807/. as compared with last 
 year. 
 
 27. — The Queen, with the Prince and Prin- 
 cess of Wales, and other members of the Royal 
 Family, accompanied by all the high officers 
 of the Crown, proceed in state to St. Paul's 
 Cathedral, to join in a Thanksgiving Service 
 for the recovery of the Prince of Wales. The 
 feeling Of loyalty excited by the long and severe 
 illness, joined to the elaborate preparations 
 known to have been made for this ceremonial, 
 combined to make it one of the most enthusi- 
 astic displays seen in her Majesty's reign. If 
 the crowds were not at all points equally large, 
 or single decorations quite so gorgeous as on 
 the occasion of the Princess Alexandra's arrival, 
 there was on the other hand an equality of rich- 
 ness, a continued and unvarying appearance of 
 wealth, magnificence, and taste, from Pall Mall 
 to Fleet Street, from St. Paul's to Holborn, 
 from Oxford Street back again to Buckingham 
 Palace, such as had never been seen betore. 
 This was in great part owing to the provident 
 arrangements of the citizens, by which, instead 
 of decorations made according to the taste of 
 each separate individual, a complete design was 
 in most places followed out in every particular 
 by a careful combination of means and minds 
 beforehand, while the emulation in rich hang- 
 ings, banners, lamp-^, and devices, which on 
 former occasions caused a certain prodigality 
 and waste of resource, was this year shared be- 
 tween whole parishes or streets, so that the loss 
 of picturesqueuess on one side was more than 
 compensated by a sustained and long dra-wn out 
 uniformity of magnificence, such as had been 
 hitherto unknown in London. The weather 
 had been for some days raw and gusty, and as 
 it was known that this was the only circum- 
 stance likely to interfere with the Prince's 
 attendance, the opening of the morning was 
 looked forward to with some concern. The 
 day turned out to be exceptionally dry and 
 mild for the season, and by ten o'clock myriads 
 had taken up their station within the barricades 
 in the streets, at the windows overlooking the 
 route of the procession, or on the endless plat- 
 forms with which it was lined. A few minutes 
 past twelve o'clock the . procession set out from 
 BuckinghamPalace, and proceeded slowlyto St. 
 Paul'sby way of the' Green Park, Pall Mall, the 
 Strand, Fleet Street, and Ludgate Hill. First 
 came the carriages of the Speaker, the Lord 
 Chancellor, and the Commander-in-Chief, fol- 
 lowed by nine Royal carriages, six of thenx 
 filled with ladies and gentlemen of the Court, 
 the seventh with the younger brothers of the 
 Prince, another by the Master of the Horse, 
 arid the last by the Queen, the Prince and 
 Princess of Wales, Prince Albert Victor, and 
 the Princess Beatrice. In the Park the Royal 
 party were first saluted by a band of 30,000 
 59 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 187: 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 children, who sung the National Anthem 
 as the procession passed. At Temble 
 Bar they were received by the Lord Mayor, 
 Sheriffs, and Aldermen, and the Queen 
 presented with the City sword, graciously re- 
 turning it to its bearer. While the Court party 
 were passing along the decorated streets, amid 
 deafening welcomes, a vast company of 13,000 
 had assembled in St. Paul's, composed largely 
 of members of both Houses of Parliament, 
 representatives of the army and navy, the heads 
 of the great City Companies, and civic digni- 
 taries from all parts of the kingdom. Within 
 the Cathedral nothing could be more complete 
 than the arrangements, and nothing more 
 perfect than their execution. The doors having 
 been opened early in the morning, every- 
 body got in without delay, and found places 
 without confusion. At one o'clock the pro- 
 cession arrived at the great western entrance to 
 the Cathedral, and streamed in through a ves- 
 tibule erected on the steps, bearing the inscrip- 
 tion, " I was glad when they said unto me, We 
 will go into the House of the Lord." The 
 Queen was received by the Dean and Chapter 
 of St. Paul's, and conducted with stately 
 reverence to the Royal pew set apart for her 
 household. She was dressed, it was noticed, 
 in black velvet, broadly trimmed with white 
 ermine, and the Princess in blue covered with 
 a black lace mantle. The Prince of Wales 
 wore the uniform of a general officer with the 
 collars of the Orders of the Garter and Bath. 
 Her Majesty, leaning on the Prince, led one of 
 her grandchildren by the hand, the Princess of 
 Wales another. The service began with the 
 " Te Deum," followed by a few responses from 
 the Liturgy and Lord's Prayer ; then the ordi- 
 nary prayers for the Queen and Royal P'amily, 
 with a special form of thanksgiving. The Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury pronounced the benedic- 
 tion, and afterwards preached a short sermon 
 from the text, Rom. xii. 5, " Members one of 
 another." This was succeeded by a Thanks- 
 giving Hymn specially prepared for the occa- 
 sion, which brought the service to a close 
 a few minutes before two o'clock. The pro- 
 cession then re-formed at the Cathedral door, 
 and set out on the return journey by way of 
 Ludgate Hill, Old Bailey, Holbom Viaduct, 
 Oxford Street, to the Marble Arch, Hyde Park 
 Corner, and Constitution Hill to Buckingham 
 Palace, all converging thoroughfares on the way 
 being decorated as profusely and crowded with 
 people cheering as lustily as the route traversed 
 before. In the evening the illuminations were 
 on a scale commensurate with the splendour of 
 the reception accorded to her Majesty and family 
 during the day. 
 
 27. — Although careful inspection was made 
 of most of the platforms lining the route of the 
 Royal procession to-day, a general regret was 
 felt towards evening that -several spectators 
 had been hurt at different parts of the city 
 by the falling of scaffolding and the excited 
 crush in the streets. 
 60 
 
 27. — Collision in the Mersey between the 
 Cunard steamer Parthia, bound for Boston, 
 and the screw steamer Emilia^to, inward bound 
 from Singapore and Manilla. The latter had 
 to be' beached near Tranmere, and her cargo, 
 consisting of tobacco and sugar, was almost 
 destroyed. The Parthia afterwards ran into 
 the Nina, from Vigo, and did her considerable 
 damage. 
 
 — Died, Rev. John McLeod Campbell, 
 D. D., author of various religious treatises and 
 sermons, some of which led to his being sus- 
 pended from a charge in the Scotch Church 
 at Row for heresy in 1831. 
 
 29. — The Queen writes from Buckingham 
 Palace to Mr. Gladstone that she was anxious 
 as on a previous occasion "to express publicly 
 her own personal very deep sense of the recep- 
 tion she and her dear children met with on 
 Tuesday, the 27th of February, from millions 
 of her subjects on her way to and from St. 
 Paul's. Words are too weak for the Queen to 
 say how very deeply touched and gratified she 
 has been by the immense enthusiasm and affec- 
 tion exhibited towards her dear son and her- 
 self, from the highest down to the lowest, in 
 the long progress through the capital, and she 
 would earnestly wish to convey her warmest 
 and most heartfelt thanks to the whole nation 
 for this great demonstration of loyalty. The 
 Queen, as well as her son and dear daughter- 
 in-law, felt that the whole nation joined with 
 them in thanking God for sparing the beloved 
 Prince of Wales's life. The remembrance of 
 this day, and of the remarkable order main- 
 tained throughout, will for ever be affectionately 
 cherished by the Queen and her family. " 
 
 — Assault on the Queen. About half- 
 past five o'clock, as her Majesty was entering 
 Buckingham Palace after a drive, a lad sud- 
 denly presented himself at the side of the car- 
 riage, holding a paper in one hand and a pistol 
 in the other. He tried at first, it was said, to 
 attract the attention of Lady Churchill, mis- 
 takuig her probably for the Queen, by whose 
 side she sat, and then appeared to be about to 
 address himself to her Majesty, going round the 
 back of the carriage, when the equerries and 
 the Queen's personal attendant, John Brown, 
 followed him and gave him into the custody of 
 the police sergeant on duty at the time.. The 
 Queen showed no sign whatever of fear. The 
 lad was immediately disarmed of the pistol, 
 which proved to be unloaded. It was an old- 
 fashioned weapon, with a flint and steel lock, 
 which was troken, and in the barrel a piece of 
 greasy red rag was found. He had also a knife 
 in his possession, and the paper to which refe- 
 rence has been made was found on examination 
 to be a petition, written on parchment, for the 
 release of the Fenian prisoners. He was taken 
 forthwith to the King Street police-station, 
 Westminster, where he gave the name Arthur 
 O'Connor, and stated his age to be seventeen.. 
 Her .Majesty at once caused a message to be 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 187: 
 
 MARCH 
 
 sent to both Houses of Parliament informing 
 members of the circumstance with a view to 
 prevent unnecessary alarm. 
 
 29. — IntimationmadetotheLord Mayor and 
 Sheriffs of London that it was the intention of 
 her Majesty to confer a baronetcy upon the 
 former and knighthood upon the latter in con- 
 nection with the recent Thanksgiving Service, 
 "than which," wrote Mr. Gladstone, " the City 
 of London has perhaps never witnessed a cele- 
 bration more solemn or more satisfactory." The 
 Deputy-Recorder, Mr. Chambers, also at this 
 time received the honour of knighthood. 
 
 — Commenced to be heard at the South- 
 wark Police Court the charge of libel with intent 
 to extort money, preferred against Alexander 
 Chaffers, solicitor, Lambeth, by Sir Travers 
 Twiss, her Majesty's Advocate-General, and 
 Lady Twiss. It appeared that soon after their 
 marriage at Dresden in 1862, the defendant, 
 who had acted for Lady Twiss in business 
 transactions, made a demand upon her for 1 50/. 
 Sir Travers's solicitor paid him 50/., and 
 Chaffers gave a receipt in full of all demands. 
 He sent other letters, and brought sham actions 
 against Lady Twiss for alleged slanders. In 
 i85S Lady Twiss was presented at St. James's 
 by Lady Rutherford Alcock, and in 1869 was 
 again at her Majesty's Drawing Room. On 
 the 29th of April of that year the defendant 
 wrote to the Lord Chamberlain complaining of 
 Lady Twiss, stating that she had, misconducted 
 herself in London previous to her marriage 
 with Sir Travers Twiss. The Lord Chamber- 
 lain made inquiries, as he was bound to do 
 under the circumstances, the result of which 
 was satisfactory to himself and Sir Travers and 
 Lady Twiss. On the 4th of April, last year, 
 the defendant, determined to carry on his mali- 
 cious persecutions, made a statutory declaration 
 at Bow Street Police Court, in which he accused 
 Lady Twiss of the grossest immoralities ; de- 
 clared that her name before marriage was 
 Marie Gelas; that she lived in London for 
 several years at various addresses named, and 
 was a person of notoriously immoral character ; 
 that the defendant met her in Regent Street in 
 1859, and accompanied her to her lodgings in 
 Upper Berkeley Street, where he stayed some 
 time, and eventually gave her a sovereign ; that 
 he subsequently passed whole nights in her 
 company many times ; that her conduct was 
 notoriously bad even for the class to which she 
 belonged, and that she was in consequence 
 called to order at the Holborn Casino ; finally, 
 that Sir Travers Twiss had immoral relations 
 with her before her marriage. The case was 
 continued from time to time till the 13th March, 
 the clefendant subjecting Lady Twiss to a severe 
 and insulting examination for several days. On 
 that date Mr. Poland, the prosecuting counsel, 
 announced, to the surprise of the Court, that 
 Lady Twiss was determined not to appear 
 again, and had left London. Mr. Benson, 
 the presiding magistrate, thereupon dismissed 
 Chaffers on his own recognizances to appear 
 
 to answer a second charge, with the remark, 
 "With regard to what you have alleged touch- 
 ing the conduct of this unfortunate woman, 
 who, after braving the Court for a few days, 
 has shrunk from meeting the frightful charges 
 you have brought against her, I assure you that 
 your conduct in this case, which rendered it 
 necessary for her to take steps against you, will 
 cling to you as a reproach to the end of your 
 days, and you will live an object of contempt 
 to all honest men. " (Loud applause. ) 
 
 March 1. — Sir Roundell Palmer's resolution 
 for the establishment of a School of Law nega- 
 tived in the Commons by 116 to 103 votes. 
 
 — Fifteen persons accidentally poisoned by 
 arsenic after attending a funeral at Saxby, Lin- 
 colnshire. 
 
 2.— Died, in his 8ist year. Admiral Sir 
 James Scott, K.C.B., an officer who had 
 served with distinction in French, American, 
 and Chinese wars. 
 
 3. — Sunday "demonstration" in Hyde Park 
 against the Parks Regulation Bill. 
 
 — Died, Mr. Angus M'Pherson, Secretary 
 to the Highland Society, and translator of the 
 Queen's Diary in the Highlands into Gaelic. 
 
 4. — Sudden termination of the huge Tich- 
 borne case, the jury to-day submitting to tl'e 
 Lord Chief Justice the following brief state- 
 ment : — " We have now heard the evidence 
 regarding the tattoo marks, and, subject to 
 your lordship's directions, and to the hearing 
 of any further evidence that the learned counsel 
 may desire to place before us, I am authorized 
 to state that the jury do not require further 
 evidence." An adjournment was therefore 
 made to the 6th, the 103rd day of trial, when 
 Mr. Serjeant Ballantine sought to gain further 
 time by alleging that the plaintiff had been 
 taken by surprise so far as the tattoo marks 
 were concerned. Fijiding, however, that the 
 decision of the juiy was based upon the entire 
 evidence as well as the tattoo marks, he 
 ultimately advised his client to submit to a non- 
 suit. After some discussion a nonsuit was 
 entered, and his lordship'ordered the plaintiff 
 to be committed to the next session at the 
 Central Criminal Court, upon a charge of 
 wilful and corrupt perjury, and ordered him to 
 remain in custody until then, unless he should 
 find bail himself in 5,000/. and two sureties 
 in 2,500/. or four in 1,250/ each. He also 
 expressed his opinion that the Government 
 should undertake the pro.secution, and he bound 
 over Mr. Inspector Dunning as prosecutor. 
 The Attorney-General said that the GoA'ern- 
 ment would undertake the prosecution, and on 
 his application a Bench warrant was issued for 
 the apprehension of the plaintiff, who was soon 
 after conveyed to Newgate. His lordship 
 thanked the jury for the unwearied attention 
 they had bestowed on the case, and expressed a 
 hope that in the new Jury Act a clause would 
 61 
 
MARCH 
 
 MARCH 
 
 be introduced exempting them from further 
 service so long as they wished to be exempted. 
 The Claimant's case had been supported by the 
 oaths of eighty-five witnesses, comprising the 
 baronet's mother, the family solicitor, one 
 baronet, six magistrates, one general, three 
 colonels, one major, two captains, thirty-two 
 non-commissioned officers and privates, four 
 clergymen, seven tenants of the estate, sixteen 
 servants of the family, and twelve general 
 witnesses, who all swore to his identity. His 
 claim was denied by the oaths of seventeen 
 witnesses. 
 
 4. — :Died at his residence, Carlton Hduse 
 Terrace, William Lowther, Earl of Lonsdale, 
 aged 85 years, 
 
 S. — An imperial Order in Council issued at 
 Berlin, decreeing the foundation of a Naval 
 Academy at Kiel. 
 
 6. — The Queen, who had contemplated in- 
 stituting a medal as a reward for long or faithful 
 service among her domestic servants, inaugu- 
 rates the institution ' by conferring on Mr. 
 John Brown, her Majesty's personal attend- 
 ant, a medal in gold, with an annuity of 25/. 
 attached to it, as a mark of her appreciation 
 of his presence of mind and of his devotion on 
 the occasion of the attack made upon her 
 in Buckingham Palace Gardens on the 29th of 
 February. 
 
 — Died at his residence, St. George's Square, 
 Primrose Hill, Dr. Goldstilcker, Professor of 
 Sanskrit in University College, London. 
 
 7.^Report of the Megmra Commission laid 
 on the table of the House of Commons. Sir 
 Spencer Robinson was held to be " mainly re- 
 sponsible for the misfortune which befell the 
 vessel," on the ground that he was answerable 
 for the defective organisation of his department, 
 for the imperfect scrutiny of dockyard reports, 
 for the perfunctory inspection exercised by the 
 dockyard officials, and specially for neglecting 
 to have the Megcera examined during the five 
 months when she lay idle at Sheemess before 
 being re-commissioned for Australia. This 
 conclusion the Commissioners stated they had 
 come to with regret ; for there can be no ques- 
 tion of the zeal and ability of Sir Spencer 
 Robinson, and it is difficult, they think, to have 
 taken part in this inquiry without forming "a 
 high appreciation of his merits as a devoted 
 public servant." Mr. Reed and Mr. Barnaby 
 wore blamed for the incomplete inspection 
 maae at Woolwich in 1 866. 
 
 — The Scotch Education Bill read a second 
 time, Mr. Auberon Herbert's amendment 
 against applying rates to religious teaching 
 being negatived by 238 to 6 votes. 
 
 8.— Mr. Mowbray raises the question of the 
 Ewelme Rectory appointment, Mr. Gladstone 
 defending the proceeding on the ground that it 
 was not a colourable qualification which the 
 incumbent had acquired, but one solid, sub- 
 stantial, and perfect. Nevertheless, he admitted 
 that pHmd facie the natural course would have 
 62 
 
 been to look for an Oxford man in the absence 
 of reasons to the contrary, and these reasons 
 Mr. Gladstone explained were the recommend--, 
 ations he had received as to the incumbent's 
 eminence as a divine, and his ill-health, whiqb 
 made his immediate removal to a more saljj,i 
 brious neighbourhood desirable. 
 
 8. — Died at St. Petersburg, Prince Paul 
 Gagarine, President of the Council of Min- 
 isters. 
 
 — Prince Bismarck carries the School In» 
 spection Bill in the Prussian Upper House by 
 125 votes against 76. He cautioned the Con- 
 servatives against the machinations, pf the 
 Ultramontanes, who were endeavouring tp set 
 up a popular agi tat ion against the Go vernment by 
 accusing it of attempting to make Prussia "a, 
 godless state." Such manoeuvres were totally 
 at variance with the character of a Conservative 
 opposition, and the Government could not 
 believe that the Conservatives would give ^ny 
 countenance to. them. The Prince then pointed 
 out that since the defeat of Catholic Austpa 
 and France by Protestant Prussia, the Germaij 
 Ultramontanes had entered upon the field of 
 foreign political intrigue, and he quoted on this 
 subject a despatch which he had just receive^ 
 from ' ' one of the most promi^ent Germ?i,i^ 
 ambassadors at one of the most important posts 
 in Europe." This despatch says that " the re- 
 venge which France desires is connected with 
 the arousing of religious dissensions in Ger- 
 many. The power and unity of Germany are 
 to be paralysed by such dissensions, and the 
 clergy of both countries, acting under direc- 
 tions from Rome, are to assist by their means 
 in restoring the temporal power of the Pope, " 
 
 9. — Meeting in the Sheldonian Theatre, 
 Oxford, presided over by Bishop Mackamess, 
 to direct increased attention to the claim of the 
 Melanesian Mission as the most fitting manner 
 of honpuring the martyred Bishop Patteson. 
 A former labourer in that field, the Bishop 
 of Lichfield, addressed the meeting at some 
 length, explaining the nature of mission work 
 in that part of the world, and the self-denying 
 labours of the late prelate. A resolution was 
 also proposed declaring that the new slave 
 trade in the Pacific calls for the prompt and 
 effective interference of the Government. 
 
 — The Ewelme Rectory appointment being 
 discussed in a manner tending to bring discredit 
 on the Prime Minister's character for fairness, 
 the Dean of Canterbury (Payne-Smith), who 
 held the living before it was separated 
 from the Divinity chair by the appointment of 
 Dr. Mozley to the latter, writes : " Long after 
 the arrangements between myself and Dr. 
 Mozley were made, Mr. Gladstone offered the 
 rectory to a distinguished member of the Con- 
 vocation of Oxford ; and it was only on his 
 declining it that Mr. Harvey was appointed. 
 Personally, I should have liked an Oxford man 
 for my successor. The associations cpnnected 
 with the place would have made it doubly 
 
MARCH 
 
 1872. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 valuable to an Oxford man. The memories of 
 Van M-iklert aftd Howky, of Lloyd and Burton 
 and Hanipdell, must be dearer lo us than they 
 can be to a member of the sister University. 
 But it a Cambridge nrvan was' to be appointed, 
 Mr. Hlarvey is a ripe scholar and a good parish 
 priest, and I rejoice that a place very dear to 
 me shduld have fallen into such good hands. " 
 
 9, — Banquet given by the Mayor of Win- 
 chester to Lord'Northbrook, as a public ex- 
 pression of the respect and admiration which 
 Hampshii-e men entertain for his lordship's 
 character as a countryman, and of congratula- 
 tion on his appointment as Viceroy of India. 
 Sir John Kaye and Mr. Grant Duff attended 
 from the India Office. 
 
 — The Prince and Princess of Wales leave 
 London for Paris, on their way to Geneva, 
 thence to the Mediterranean and south of 
 France. 
 
 iO. — Died at Pisa, aged about 70, Joseph 
 Mazzini, an Italian patriot fertile in desperate 
 stratagems, and possessed of high political and 
 literary qualities. His funeral took place' at 
 Genoa on the igth, when the remains were 
 followed to the grave by a body of about 
 SOjOOO admirers. 
 
 — Died, Rev. James Wells, 40 years Baptist 
 pastor of the Surrey Tabernacle. 
 
 11. — Mr. Holms's proposal to reduce the 
 land forces by 20,000, negatived by 234 to 63; 
 and Mr. Muntz's pi'oposal to reduce them by 
 30,000, rejected by 216 to 67. 
 
 ■ — Reported breaking up of the Erie Ring, 
 General Dix being elected chairman, and 
 General M'Clellan superintendent. 
 
 — Shere All, the assassin of Lord Mayo, 
 executed. He stated before being led out that 
 he had resolved to murder both the Viceroy and 
 General Stewart, and when he heard the guns 
 announcing the Viceroy's arrival he sharpened 
 his knife in the jungle. It was now surmised 
 that he was not hiding at the pier, but quietly 
 joined the party, and in the dark crept close to 
 Lord Mayo._ No clue to anything like a con- 
 spiracy was discovered. Shere Ali made no 
 other cbnfession than that he could not resist 
 the impulse to killthe Viceroy. 
 
 12. — Lord Romilly gives judgment in the 
 case raised by Lord Ferrers against the receiver 
 of the Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway. His 
 lordship sold fifty acres of land to the company 
 for 8,887/., the ^rice being settled by arbitra- 
 tion, and the company were ordered to pay 
 400/., the taxed costs incident to the taking of 
 ; the land by. them. The railway is in the hands 
 of a receiver, and no arrangement had been 
 effected with the creditors. Earl Ferrers asked 
 that he might be entitled to the lien and rights 
 of an unpaid vendor ; but Lord Romilly, cha- 
 racterising this as a new experiment on the part 
 of a creditor of a railway company to get priority 
 over all the other creditors declined to make 
 
 such a precedent, and dismissed the brll with 
 costs. 
 
 13.— Mr. Salt's Public Worship Facilities 
 Bill read a second time by 122 votes to 93,. the 
 object as explained by the proposer being to 
 give greater elasticity and freedom to the paro- 
 chial system by allowing the bishop of the 
 diocese in certain cases to license clergymen, to 
 perform divine service in places of worship, in- 
 cluding chapels in private houses, other than the 
 parish church. 
 
 14. — A proposal, made in connection with 
 the progress of the Ballot Bill through the 
 Commons, to throw the election expenses upon 
 the Consolidated Fund, rejected by 206 to 144 
 votes. 
 
 IS. — Mr. Dodson submits to the House his 
 scheme for the amendment of the system of 
 private business and legislation, the main pro- 
 posal being to transfer the preliminary investi- 
 gations from Select Committees to a permanent 
 tribunal of a judicial character, before which 
 promoters and opponents could be heard in 
 open court. 
 
 ■ — Lord Northbrook gazetted Governor- 
 General of India. 
 
 16.— Stranding of H.M.S. Lord Clyde on 
 the isle of Pantelleria. 
 
 17. — .Announcement made that the Secre- 
 tary of State for India had resolved, " That 
 having regard to the eminent services rendered 
 by the late Earl of Mayo as Viceroy and Go- 
 vernor-General of India, to the munificence 
 with which he maintained in that office the 
 dignity of the Crown, and to his death by a 
 deed of violence to which he was exposed in 
 the discharge of his public duty, a life annuity 
 of 1,000/. be conferred on the Countess of 
 Mayo, to be paid out of the revenues of India ; 
 and, further, that there be paid out of the same 
 revenues the sum of 20,000/ for the benefit of 
 the younger children of her ladyship and of the 
 late Earl of Mayo." 
 
 18. — Vice- Chancellor Wickens gives judg- 
 ment in the case of the Attorney-General v. 
 Batley Corporation — a suit brought to restrain 
 the Town Council from providing out of the 
 local rales a gold chain for the mayor, at a cost 
 of 200/ His Honour htld that the proposed 
 expenditure was not within the scope of the 
 Municipal Corporations' Reform Act, and that 
 a chain was not a necessary adjunct ol the 
 magisterial position, and granted the injunction 
 asked for. 
 
 19. — The first "free election" of a bishop 
 for the disestablished Church of Ireland takes 
 place at Clonmel, when the Dean of Limerick 
 was elected to the vacant see. 
 
 — Sir Charles Dilke's motion for an inquiry 
 into the Civil List rejected after a disorderly 
 scene at the division of the House, by 276 to 2 
 votes. 
 
 63 
 
MARCH 
 
 1872 
 
 APRIL 
 
 20. — Announcemeat made that Sir Travers 
 Twiss had resigned his ecclesiastical appoint- 
 ments under the Archbishop of Canterbury and 
 Bishop of London, as also the office of Queen's 
 Advocate. He was succeeded in the office of 
 Chancellor of the Diocese of London by Dr. 
 Tristram, and as Vicar-General of Canterbury 
 by Dr. Deane, Q. C. The office of Queen's 
 Advocate was not filled up. 
 
 — The motion for the second reading of Mr. 
 Fawcett's bill for the abolition of tests in 
 Dublin University " talked out." On the 
 26th the proposal for a second reading was 
 carried by 94 to 2 1 votes. 
 
 — Lord Granville replies to Mr. Fish's 
 answer to a former "friendly communication," 
 that the British Government had never recog- 
 nized the indirect claims. 
 
 — Fire at Diisseld«rf, destroying the Academy 
 with its rich art treasures, and much other 
 property. 
 
 22. — The Gazette contains the long-threat- 
 ened "denunciation" of the French Com- 
 mercial Treaty in the form of a communication 
 from the Due de Broglie to Earl Granville. 
 This treaty, it was said, was tlie first of some 
 others which had arrived at a term when it could 
 be regularly annulled. " We can no longer 
 even reckon with any certainty on the possibility 
 of modifications which would be necessary to 
 us. We are, therefore, obliged to prepare for 
 its cessation by denouncing it now. Confident 
 in our intentions, resolved to use only with 
 great moderation the freedom which will be 
 restored to us, either by negotiation of new 
 ccmventions, or rather by our own legislation 
 on our commercial rigime, we have taken this 
 step under the pressure of a public interest 
 which cannot be misunderstood. " 
 
 — Bach's " St. John " Passion music per- 
 formed for the first time in England in Han- 
 over Square Rooms. 
 
 23. — -The Queen leaves Windsor Castle for 
 Gosport on her way to Baden. 
 
 — University Boat-race, Cambridge winning 
 by half a length, amid a heavy snow-storm. 
 
 25. — Bust of Mr. Grote, historian, unveiled 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 — The agricultural labourers of Warwick- 
 shire commence an agitation for increase of 
 wages. 
 
 — Replying to an intimation that one of 
 her Majesty's inspectors intended visiting 
 East Brent school. Archdeacon Denison writes : 
 — "I am sole manager of the East Brent paro- 
 chial school, and I do not admit a government 
 inspector inside the school. I have no ' con- 
 science clause ' of any kind, nor ever shall have. 
 I have nothing to do with the ' Elementary 
 Education Act,' except to denounce it as irre- 
 ligious. If I am called upon to pay a ' school 
 rate,' I shall refuse to pay it ; and the amount 
 will have to be levied on mv property under a 
 
 64 
 
 distress warrant. If you think it worth your 
 while to inspect the school from outside, that 
 is for yourself to decide upon. If you decide 
 so to inspect the school, I shall be happy to 
 give you luncheon, provided that no word is 
 said to me about the school. I can make no 
 answer to the queries contained in the paper 
 inclosed, and return it. Nor can I answer 
 any other letter on the subject of the school, 
 and request that none other be written to me." 
 
 25. — Mr Lowe introduces the annual Bud- 
 get. The revenue for the current year, estimated 
 at 72,315,000/. had realized 74,535,000/., being 
 an excess of 2,220,000/. On the estimated ex- 
 penditure there had been a saving of 1,016,000/. 
 For the ensuing year Mr. Lowe estimates the 
 revenue at 74,915,000/. and the expenditure at 
 71,313,000. With the surplus at his disposal 
 he proposed extending the present exemptions 
 ■ from the inhabited house-tax to shops, offices, 
 or warehouses, which would cost 50,000/. a 
 year ; to reduce the duty on coffee and chicory 
 to about one half at a cost of 230,000/. ; to ex- 
 tend the principle of abatement in respect of 
 incomes chargeable with income-tax from 200/. 
 a year to 300/. a year, and to increase the 
 amount to be deducted from the assessment 
 from- 60/. to 80/. Lastly, and most important 
 of all, he would take off the extra twopence 
 of income-tax imposed last year, reducing this 
 tax from sixpence to fourpence at a cost to the 
 revenue of 2,700,000/. The Budget was 
 generally thought to be simple and felicitous, 
 shoviring judicious finance, a sound fiscal system, 
 and a just regard for the interests of the people. 
 
 27. — Fire in Glasgow, destroying the exten- 
 sive range of warehouses and shops occupied 
 by Messrs. Fraser and M'Laren in Argyll and 
 Buchanan Streets and McGeoch's ironmongery 
 stores in the courts adjoining. — -Two days later 
 the Lancefield Spinning Company's mill in the 
 same city was destroyed by fire. 
 
 — William Rodway sentenced at Kingston 
 assizes to twenty years' penal servitude for stab- 
 bing Ellen Carrington, Farnham, a woman with 
 whom he had at one time lived and been en- 
 gaged in business with. 
 
 30. — Eight young girls suffocated in a fuzee 
 factory near Camborne, West Cornwall, by the 
 unexpected ignition of a heap of recently-spun 
 fuze. 
 
 April 1. — Died, at the house of his nieces, 
 the Misses Sterling, Bolton Row, London, 
 aged 70 years, the Rev. Frederick Denisou 
 Maurice, M.A., Professor of Moral Philosophy 
 at Cambridge, and author of many popular 
 volumes on theology and morals. His remains 
 were interred in Highgate cemetery on the 5th, 
 in the presence of a large number of his 
 friends of all opinions. 
 
 — The 300th anniversary of the capture of 
 Briel celebrated in Holland 
 
APRIL 
 
 1872. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 1. — Easter review at Brighton ; the move- 
 ments executed in the presence of many 
 thousands of spectators, but amid showery, 
 ungenial weather. About 20,000 volunteers 
 took part in the display. 
 
 2. — Died at Ventnor, aged 30, Robert 
 Morton, M. A. , a promising Cambridge scholar, 
 Senior Wrangler and first Smith's Prizeman in 
 1866. 
 
 — M. Villemessant and M. Vitre convicted 
 of insulting General Trochu in tlie Figaro, and 
 sentenced each to a fine of 3,ooof. and a 
 month's imprisonment. 
 
 3. — Mr. Disraeli, on a visit to Lancashire, 
 addresses a large audience in the Free Trade 
 Hall, Manchester. He spoke of the Con- 
 stitution, which it was the special object 
 of the Conservative party to maintain, of 
 the House of Lords, Church and State, and, 
 slightly, on contemporary politics. On foreign 
 politics Mr. Disraeli remarked that although 
 persons were apt to put them aside, yet the 
 most vital consequences have been occasioned 
 by mere inadvertence. He illustrated this 
 point by two anecdotes. Since he had been 
 in public life there had been for this country a 
 great calamity and there was a great danger, 
 and both might have been avoided. The 
 calamity was the Crimean War. On that 
 subject Mr. Disraeli observed : "I speak of what 
 I know, not of what I believe, but of what I 
 have evidence in my possession to prove — that 
 the Crimean War would never have happened 
 if Lord Derby had remained in office. How 
 had the present Government treated the demand 
 of Russia for the modification of the Treaty of 
 Paris? Having first threatened war, they 
 threw over their plenipotentiary, and agreed 
 to arrangements by which the violation of that 
 treaty should be sanctioned by England, and, 
 in the form of a Congress, they showed them- 
 seh'es guaranteeing their ovra humiliation." 
 Regarding the future policy of the Conservative 
 party, Mr. Disraeli remarked : " If I may 
 venture to give such a hint, let us take care 
 not to allow ourselves to be made to any 
 extent the tools of the ambition or of the dis- 
 content of extreme politicians on the other side. 
 I tell you what I mean. It may very likely 
 be the game of the Radical party to try and 
 turn put the present Ministry if they can and 
 to put a Conservative Government in its place, 
 that Conservative Government being in a 
 minority, hoping that by so doing they shall be 
 able to reconstruct their own party upon a new 
 platform, pledged to more extreme and more 
 violent measures, and then to have a Cabinet 
 formed of the most thoroughgoing Radicals. 
 These may be their tactics. But just because 
 it is their game it ought not to be ours." 
 
 — Antioch destroyed by an e.-'rthquake, and 
 as many as 1,600 persons reported to be killed. 
 
 4. — Replying to a deputation representing 
 the National Association for Freedom of 
 Worship, Mr. Disraeli said : " I look forward 
 65 
 
 to the Church as I look to churchmen, as the 
 maintainers and upholders of the insfitutions 
 of the land ; but I wish as much as possible to 
 divest that natural connection of mere party 
 feeling, and I am prepared upon all occasions 
 to act with churchmen heartily and cordially 
 for the great ends which they propose, without 
 any reference to the immediate necessities of 
 the political connection of which I am proud 
 to be a member." To another deputation 
 representing a Church Defence Association, 
 the leader of the Opposition expressed a hope 
 of being able to defeat the Burials Bill if active 
 exertions were at once made to petition against 
 it. " That is the practical counsel I give you, 
 and if we succeed in defeating that measure I 
 think the tide will have turned, and that we 
 shall have arrested the progress of these in- 
 vasions which have been successful in too 
 many instances, as much from the negligence 
 of churchmen as really from the enmity of the 
 assailants of the Church. " 
 
 4. — Mr. Vernon Harcourt's motion for re- 
 ducing the national expenditure rejected by 
 78 to 35 votes. 
 
 6. — At Bristol Assizes the Mayor of Exeter 
 recovers ten guineas in name of damages 
 against the Ti-nies, for publishing a letter 
 insinuating that he had used official influence 
 to obstruct inquiiy regarding a disorderly Per- 
 missive Bill meeting, where Bishop Temple 
 was rudely treated, 
 
 7. — Regarding the Constitution, Mr. Bright 
 writes to a correspondent : "As to opinions on 
 the question of monarchy or republicanism, I 
 hope and believe it will be a long time before 
 we are asked to give our opinion ; our ancestors 
 decided the matter a good while since, and I 
 would suggest that you and I should leave any 
 further decision to our posterity. Now, from 
 your letter I conclude you are willing to do 
 this; and I can assure you lam not less willing." 
 
 8. — Mr. Dodson retires from the Chairman- 
 ship of Committees, and is succeeded by Mr. 
 Bonham Carter. The House afterwards went 
 into Committee on the Ballot Bill, a stoimy 
 discussion arising on clause 2, fixing the 
 manner in which the poll should be taken. A 
 proposition for marking the ballot paper with 
 a view to detect personation, was rejected by 
 168 to 128 votes. 
 
 — Opening of the German Parliament, 
 Prince Bismarck reading a message from the 
 Emperor, declaring that the power acquired by 
 Germany through becoming united in one 
 empire "is not only a safe bulwark for the 
 Fatherland, but likewise affords a strong 
 guarantee for the peace of Europe." 
 
 — Madame Riel found murdered in her 
 residence, 13, Park Lane. Her daughter, a 
 member of the French Company performing at 
 the St. James's Theatre, arrived from Paris 
 early this morning, and on presenting herself 
 at Park Lane was informed that her mother 
 
 F 
 
APRIL 
 
 1872. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 was absent. It was soon discovered that 
 certain doors were locked, that the keys were 
 missing, and that the cook could not be found. 
 This led to an examination of the house, when 
 the dead body of Madame Riel was found in 
 the pantry, opened with duplicate keys in 
 possession of the young lady. Her death 
 appeared to have been caused by strangulation, 
 as the tightened rope was still round her neck, 
 though there were marks of extreme violence 
 on other parts of the body. An examination 
 of the safe showed that the murder had been 
 accompanied by the robbery of gold, bank- 
 notes, French bonds, and railway shares. 
 Suspicion at once fixed upon ihe cook. 
 Marguerite Dixblanc, a Belgian by birth, but 
 some time resident in Verdun, and in Paris for 
 a short period during the reign of the Commune. 
 She was known to have been in the house 
 alone with her mistress on the forenoon of 
 Sunday the 7th, left it stealthily in the even- 
 ing, and was traced as a passenger to Paris by 
 the Continental mail train. A further clue to 
 her movements there was soon obtained by 
 a letter written a day before the murder, 
 wherein Dixblanc indicated to the Sieur Dubois 
 that she expected to be in Paris soon. It had 
 been misdirected to Rue Saint Denis instead 
 of Rue du Port St. Denis, and. was in ordinary 
 course opened by the post-office authorities, for 
 the purpose of being returned to the writer. 
 On the detectives presenting themselves at the 
 house of Dubois, Dixblanc was found engaged 
 in the task of measuring out charcoal, and 
 talking at the same time, it was said, of the 
 horrors of the Park Lane murder. She sought 
 to evade apprehension for a brief period, but 
 in the end confessed having committed the crime, 
 and even gave an account of the manner in 
 which it was accomplished. "I first tried," 
 she said, " to conceal the body in the dustbin, 
 but I could not I then took it by the feet, 
 but being unable to drag it, I got a cord and 
 passed it round her waist. Finding the body 
 bent double, I put it round her neck. At this 
 moment the housemaid, who was out on an 
 errand, knocked at the door. I sent her away 
 for beer. Then I tried to drag the body up- 
 stairs, but could not, and hid it in the cellar." 
 Dixblanc described the robbery as an after- 
 thought, suggested, she said, by the keys falling 
 from ■ Madame Riel's pocket. Extradition 
 treaties having been complied with, she was 
 brought over in custody to London, and after 
 various examinations committed for trial. 
 
 8. — ^The Bishop of Lincoln having written 
 to the Archbishop of Canterbury requesting an 
 explanation of the remark made by his Grace 
 in Convocation, to the effect that nobody be- 
 lieves in the damnatory clauses of the Atha- 
 nasian Creed, the Archbishop writes : " I am 
 confident that it is only in a modified sense, 
 with such modifications as you allude to, that 
 these clauses of the Creed are retained by the 
 Church, and though I see no inconsistency in 
 subscribing the words with such acknowledged 
 65 
 
 qualifications, I still feel that it is in itself an 
 evil to use words which require such explana- 
 tion. If these clauses remain they will always 
 be used with such qualifications as yon have 
 alluded to, whether an explanatory rubric dis- 
 tinctly stating the qualification be adopted by 
 the Church or no." 
 
 8 — The Queen arrives at Windsor from 
 the Continent. 
 
 9. — Mr. Fowler's motion condemning the 
 entail and strict settlement of land, rejected by 
 103 votes to 81. 
 
 10 — Petitions presented to the House of 
 Commons, and ordered to lie on the table, 
 praying that means might be provided from 
 the public funds for defending the Claimant in 
 the event of Government carrying out their in- 
 tention of prosecuting him for perjury. To a 
 charge upon two indictments— first, that he was 
 the eldest son of Sir James Doughty Tich- 
 borne ; second, that he was not Arthur Orton 
 — the Claimant, at the Central Criminal Court 
 to-day, pleaded "I am not guilty." He was 
 then removed in custody till bail could he 
 arranged pending the issue of the trial, now re- 
 moved by writ of certiorari to the Court of 
 Queen's Bench. 
 
 1 1 . — Came on at the Central Criminal Court, 
 the trial of Arthur O'Connor, charged with un- 
 lawfully pointing a pistol at her Majesty, in- 
 tending to alarm and cause a breach of the 
 peace. The prisoner pleaded guilty on being 
 first brought up on the 8th, but it was now 
 stated his friends were anxious to establish a 
 plea of insanity. This, however, was over- 
 ruled, and O'Connor was sentenced to 12 
 months' imprisonment and 20 strokes from a 
 birch-rod. 
 
 — The steamer Oceanus blown up on the 
 Mississippi above Cairo, the wreck afterwards 
 taking fire and burning to the water edge. Out 
 of one hundred on board, sixty were reported to 
 have lost their lives. 
 
 ia--;-In reply to Earl Stanhope, Earl Gran- 
 ville said that Government had determined to 
 present a case excluding the indirect claims, 
 and accompanied by a declaration to the Geneva 
 tribunal, abiding by the position taken up by 
 her Majesty's Government in their corre- 
 spondence with the United States, and ex- 
 pressly reserving the right of Great Britain to 
 withdraw from the arbitration should the 
 present difference vrith the United States not 
 be removed by the 15th of June. A similar 
 statement was made by Mr. Gladstone in the 
 Commons in reply to Mr. Disraeli. 
 
 13 — Died at Manchester, aged 84, Samuel 
 Bamford, author of " Passages in the Life of a 
 Radical." 
 
 15. — Proposed new Court of Appeal. In 
 the House of Lords, the Lord Chancellor moves 
 a resolution — "That it is expedient that one 
 Imperial Supreme Court of Appeal 1 e estab- 
 lished which shall sit continuously for the 
 
APRIL 
 
 1872. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 hearing of all matters now heard by way of 
 appeal before this House or before the Judicial 
 Committee of the Privy Council, and that the 
 appellate jurisdiction of this House be trans- 
 ferred to such Supreme Court of Appeal. " It 
 was intended that the new Court should con- 
 stitute one tribunal sitting in two divisions — one 
 representing the House of Lords, and the other 
 the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 
 the members of either division being able to sit 
 in the other. The first division would consist of 
 all peers who had filled the office of Lord 
 Chancellor or any high judicial office for a 
 specified time either in Great Britain or Ireland, 
 and would- also include all peers who had 
 actually practised at the bar, and Privy Coun- 
 cillors now capable of being appointed upon 
 the Judicial Committee. In each division there 
 would be no fewer than three nor more than 
 five judges, who would be paid 6,000/. a year ; 
 and peers who had filled the office of Lord 
 Chancellor and who accepted the obligation to 
 attend, would have their pensions augmented 
 from 5,000/. to 6,Q0o/. a year. The Lord 
 Chancellor would be at the head of both divi- 
 sions of the Supreme Court, and among the 
 members .of the second division would be the 
 Lord Chief Justices of the Queen's Bench and 
 Common Pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron of 
 the Exchequer. The Lord Chancellor con- 
 cluded by proposing that the motion be the 
 order of the day in immediate priority to the 
 second reading of the Bill constituting the 
 Supreme Court of Appeal. 
 
 15. — James NichoUs, shoemaker, Maida 
 Hill, murders four of his children and then 
 commits suicide. In the afternoon a boy who 
 lived in the house called the attention of one 
 of the neighbours to a stream of blood running 
 from under the door of one of the rooms occu- 
 pied by NichoUs. A policeman was called, 
 and on bursting open the door of the front 
 room he found three of the children — Louisa, 
 aged three ; Rosina, aged five, and James 
 Henry, aged fourteen months — with their 
 throats cut. The back room, which had been 
 used as a workshop, was in great confusion, 
 every article of furniture being out of its place. 
 In it were discovered the body of the eldest 
 daughter, Eliza NichoUs, aged nine, who had 
 also had her throat cut, and the body of 
 NichoUs himself, who appeared, after murder- 
 ing his children, to have sat down at his bench 
 and cut his own throat in a desperate manner. 
 The coroner's jury found that NichoUs was of 
 unsound mind. 
 
 — Mr. Harcourt's amendment to omit the 
 word "wilfully" from Mr. Leatham's proposal 
 to make the exhibition of a voting paper by a 
 voter penal, carried against the Government 
 by 167 to 166. Government was again in a 
 minority the foUowing evening. Sir Massey 
 Lopes carrying his resolution on the subject of 
 local taxation by 259 to 1 59. 
 
 — The English and American counter-cases 
 presented to the tribunal at Geneva. 
 
 67 
 
 IS. — Lord Kimberley introduces the Govern- 
 ment Licensing Bill into the House of Lords. 
 In explanation of some of the clauses it was 
 stated that licences granted by county magis- 
 trates would not be valid until confirmed by a 
 special committee to be appointed yearly by 
 the court of quarter sessions. In boroughs 
 where there were not more than nine magis- 
 trates the jurisdiction would remain with them 
 as a body,- and where there were more than 
 nine a committee would be appointed to gi-ant 
 licences, which, however, would not be valid 
 until confirmed by the whole body of justices 
 and the Secretary of State. The bill also dealt 
 with the adulteration of liquor, and provided 
 fur closing public-houses in the metropolis from 
 twelve at night to seven in the morning ; in 
 towns under 10,000 inhabitants from ten to 
 seven ; and in towns with larger populations 
 from, eleven to seven. On Sunday licensed 
 houses would not be opened until one o'clock ; 
 and the hours of closing on that day would, in 
 the three cases mentioned, be eleven, nine, and 
 ten o'clock respectively. After a few words 
 from the Duke of Richmond and Lord Redes- 
 dale, the bill was read a first time. 
 
 — Died at Oxford, aged 76, the Rev. Dr. 
 Norris, President of Corpus Christi College. 
 
 — Celebrated with great pomp at the Oratory, 
 Brompton, the marriage of the Marquis of Bute 
 to the Hon. Gwendoline Mary Anne Howard, 
 eldest daughter of Lord Howard of Glossop. 
 
 — Japanese Ambassadors arrive in Liver- 
 pool from New York. 
 
 — Derry Castle, situated on the shores of 
 Lough Dergh, near Killaloe, destroyed by fire. 
 
 — The remains of Alexandre Dumas, 
 detained at Pays since December 1870, in eon- 
 sequence of the Prussian occupation of the 
 Seine Inferieure, were laid to-day, in accordance 
 with the novelist's last wishes, in the little 
 cemetery of Villers-Cotterets, near which he 
 was born in 1802. 
 
 18. — Edward Mitchell, sculptor, while 
 labouring under mental irritation, commits 
 suicide by first stabbing himself wdth a sharp- 
 pointed graving tool, and afterwards throwing 
 Irimself from the upper story of his house. 
 
 — Persian famine increases in intensity, the 
 news from Teheran to-day being that bread had 
 risen to (>d. per pound. 
 
 19. — Christie and Manson commence to 
 dispose of the famous Gillott collection of 
 paintings. The sale continued till May 4th, 
 when the total amount realised was found to 
 be 180,000 guineas. Twelve drawings by 
 Turner brought 16,430 guineas. 
 
 — Died, aged 74 years, Richard West- 
 macott, R.A., sculptor. 
 
 — The Gazette contains a notice from the 
 Lord Chancellor's office, announcing that the 
 presentation at Court of Lady Twiss had been 
 cancelled. 
 
 F 2 
 
APRIL 
 
 1872. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 23. — Mr. Candlish's proposal to repeal in 
 the interest of the Nonconformists the 2Sth 
 clause of the Elementary Education Act, re- 
 jected after a debate by 316 to 115 votes. 
 
 — The Court of Probate pronounce for the 
 ■will of Miss Cordelia Angelica Read, known as 
 the "eccentric old lady" of Stamford Street, 
 the owner of ruinous houses in that street, 
 and in other parts of London. By her will, 
 executed in 185 8, she bequeathed the whole 
 of her personal estate, amounting to about 
 100,000/., to the Brompton Hospital. 
 
 — A miner named Lease, living at Charter- 
 house, on the slope of the Mendip Hills, beats 
 his wife to death in a fit of passion excited by 
 jealousy, several of the neighbours witnessing 
 the savage attack through the windows, but too 
 terror-stricken to interfere. 
 
 24. — Another group of Communist prisoners 
 tried for being concerned in the murder of the 
 hostages in May last. The woman Guyart 
 was condemned to death ; the girl Cailleux 
 and Leopold Viel to transportation to a fortress ; 
 Victor Charton to penal servitude for life ; 
 Feltesse to ten years' penal servitude ; four 
 others to various terms of imprisonment; and 
 twenty to imprisonment for two years. 
 
 — Discussion in the Lower House of Con- 
 vocation on the Athanasian Creed. The variety 
 of opinions expressed was fully indicated by 
 petitions previously sent in and thus arranged : 
 — For retention of the Creed in an unaltered 
 form, 35,271 ; for investigating the text and 
 a new translation, 561 ; for the removal of 
 the use of the Creed, 10 ; for the omission 
 of the Creed from the Prayer-book, 6 ; for 
 delay in the removal of the Creed, 25 ; for 
 omission of the damnatory clauses, 30 ; for 
 making the use of the Creed optional, 83 ; for 
 the retention of the three Creeds, 96. After 
 a learned and animated debate extending 
 over four days, divisions were taken on the 
 various proposals. The first was on an amend- 
 ment by Mr. Kempe, of St. James's, to confine 
 its recitation to the shortened and occasional 
 services provided by the Bill now before Parlia- 
 ment : this was rejected by 60 to 10. Dean 
 Stanley then propo.sed to make its recitation 
 permissive by inserting a rubric after the 
 Apostles' Creed, allowing it as an alternative 
 for that Creed on the appointed days : this was 
 rejected by 60 to 12. The Dean's next pro- 
 posal, placing its use at the discretion of the 
 Ordinary, was rejected by 54. to 13 : after 
 which Lord Alwyne Compton's motion, that 
 the Creed should continue to be used in its in- 
 tegrity, was carried by 62 to 7. A proposal by 
 Canon Blakesley, that it should be treated as a 
 Hymn or Canticle, met with somewhat more 
 favour — being negatived by 42 to 19. Arch- 
 deacon Denison then carried a rider by 42 to 
 12, that the Creed should be said on no fewer 
 days than at present. 
 
 — The Spanish Cortes opened by King 
 Amadeo, who expressed a hope for a prompt 
 68 
 
 termination of the insurrection, praised the dis- 
 ciphne and services of the army and the Civic 
 Guard, and concluded by stating that he would 
 seek in the deliberations of the Cortes a guide 
 for his conduct and a way to identify his feel- 
 ings with those of the Spanish people. " I 
 will never (he said) impose myself on the 
 Spanish people ; but neither will I allow my- 
 self to be accused of deserting the post which I 
 occupy by its will, nor of forgetting the duties 
 which the Constitution places upon me, and 
 which I shall fulfil with the loyalty and con- 
 stancy which I owe to the honour of my name." 
 24. — Mr. Fawcett's proposal for throwing 
 the expense of elections upon public funds re- 
 jected in the Commons by 263 to 171 votes. 
 
 25. — The Marquis of Lansdowne appointed 
 Under-Secretary for War in room of Lord 
 Northbrook, now Viceroy of India. 
 
 • — Funeral obsequies over the body of Lord 
 Mayo celebrated with great splendour in 
 Dublin. The remains of the deceased Viceroy 
 were afterwards interred within the ruins of 
 the ancient church at Johnstown. 
 
 — Carlist rising in Spain, a proclamation 
 being issued to-day by General Diaz de Ruda, 
 who formerly held rank under Isabella II., 
 and was lately appointed by the Pretender 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Basque Provinces 
 and Navarre. 
 
 — Eruption of Mount Vesuvius, attended 
 with the loss of several lives. 
 
 26. — The little girl, Mary Winchester, res- 
 cued by the Looshai expedition, arrives in 
 Glasgow from Liverpool on her way to Elgin, 
 where a permanent home had been found for her 
 among relations. 
 
 — The domestic servants of Dundee form 
 themselves into a Protection Association for 
 the purpose of securing shorter hours of work, 
 higher pay, more holidays, and better feeding. 
 
 ■ — Madame Dubourg dies in the hospital of 
 La Pitie, Paris, from wounds inflicted by her 
 husband in a fit of jealousy, caused by the 
 discovery of an intrigue in which she was 
 concerned. 
 
 27. — The Duke of Edinburgh presides at a 
 meeting in Willis's Rooms, called to consider 
 the propriety of raising a memorial to the late 
 Lord Mayo. Mr. Disraeli was present, and 
 spoke highly of the many merits centred in 
 the Viceroy, "whose noble presence, cordial 
 manner, the magnificence of his life, his active 
 accomplishments, his extraordinary power of 
 physical endurance, combined with an intuitive 
 knowledge of mankind, inexorable love of jus- 
 tice, which was only tempered by the abounding 
 generosity of his heart, produced such an effect 
 upon those whom he ruled that all at once 
 willingly acknowledged that he was born to 
 command." 
 
 — Opening of the International Exhibition 
 of 1872 at South Kensington. 
 
MAY 
 
 1872. 
 
 MAY 
 
 29. — Proclamation oi Don Carlos circulated 
 at Madrid, thanking God for permitting him to 
 kiss the soil of Spain, and calling upon the 
 people to rise in arms. 
 
 30. — Died, aged 53,Horace Mayhew, author, 
 one of the earliest contributors to Punch. 
 
 — The Lord Chancellor's Bill for the forma- 
 tion of a new Court of Appeal withdrawn after 
 a debate, and. Lord Cairns' resolution for a 
 committee on the subject adopted. 
 
 — A band of predatory Carlists, led chiefly 
 by priests, attack the house of the Governor of 
 Burgos, Old Castile, but are driven back bj 
 reinforcements from the garrison, and many 
 made prisoners. 
 
 — The Government of India resolve to dis- 
 miss Mr. Cowan and reprimand Mr. Forsyth 
 for their summary proceedings with the rebels 
 of Kooka, where forty-nine men were sentenced 
 to be blown away from the guns. 
 
 — Close of the litigation between the Duke 
 of Buccleuch and the Metropolitan Board of 
 Works. The Duke had been awarded by an 
 arbitrator 8,325/. as compensation for the con- 
 struction of the Thames Embankment between 
 Montagu House and the river. The Board of 
 Works disputed the grounds on which the 
 arbitrator had made his award, but on the case 
 being taken to the Court of Exchequer, the. 
 Court decided in favour of the Duke. The 
 Court of Exchequer Chamber reversed this 
 decision, and the case was then referred on 
 appeal to the House of Lords, which now 
 reversed the judgment of the Exchequer 
 Chamber, and affirmed that of the Court of 
 Exchequer upholding the award of the arbi- 
 trator. 
 
 May 1. — Mr. Jacob Bright's Women's Dis- 
 abilities Bill rejected by 222 to 143 votes. 
 
 — In the Lower House of Convocation, 
 Archdeacon Denison, by a majority of 21 to 
 17, carries an amendment declaring that there 
 was " no room for an explanatory note on the 
 Athanasian Creed." 
 
 — Festival at the Crystal Palace in celebra- 
 tion of the recovery of the Prince of Wales, 
 and performance of Te Deum by Sullivan. 
 
 — Telegram received describing xiatAbydos 
 as returning from Zanzibar bringing news that 
 Livingstone was safe with Stanley. 
 
 — Strasburg University opened with a cere- 
 mony combining courtly and academical dignity. 
 
 — Cyclone at Madras, destroying a large 
 amount of shipping property, and also a portion 
 of the city and suburbs. 
 
 2. — The Empress of Germany arrives at 
 Windsor on a visit to the Queen. 
 
 — The French Government announce their 
 intention of bringing Marshal Bazaine before a 
 court-martial. 
 
 2. — The Licensing Bill read a second lime 
 in the Lords. 
 
 3. — Lord Northbrook, the new Viceroy of 
 India, arrives at Calcutta, and is at once sworn 
 into office. 
 
 — Discussion in the Upper House of Con- 
 vocation on a motion submitted by the Bishop 
 of Gloucester that it was not expedient to 
 invite legislation on the fourth report of the 
 Ritual Commissioners in reference to the 
 Athanasian Creed. The Bishop of Winchester 
 moved an amendment, expressing agreement 
 with the resolutions transmitted by the Lower 
 House in favour of the retention of the Creed. 
 This was lost by the casting vote of the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, and in a subsequent 
 division the original resolution was also nega- 
 tived. 
 
 — The Liberal Republican Convention at 
 Cincinnati select Mr. Horace Greeley as their 
 candidate for the Presidency. 
 
 4. — Enthusiastic reception given by the 
 National Assembly to the Due d'Audrififet- 
 Pasquier on the occasion of his presenting a 
 report on Military Administration. He re- 
 commended the army as the best and only 
 school in which the young generation could 
 have a nobler and better training than that 
 which produced such lamentable examples of 
 want of patriotism and want of probity. The 
 army gave an example of silent, conscientious 
 fulfilment of duty. " Our children must all 
 serve'in it." M. Rouher took occasion some 
 days later to answer this speech, by defending 
 the Emperor. He called upon the Assembly 
 to name a committee to inquire what had been 
 done with the enormous sum voted annually 
 for the war budget during the Empire, how 
 the denuded state of the arsenal was to be 
 accounted for, and what was the real sum 
 absorbed by the Mexican Expedition. 
 
 — A court-martial at Malta dismisses from 
 the ship and reprimands Lieuts. Wallace and 
 Hailstone for carelessness in connection with 
 the stranding of the Lord Clyde. 
 
 5. — Died, aged 64 years, G. R. Gray, 
 ornithologist, and Assistant Keeper of the 
 Zoological Department in the British Museum. 
 
 — The Carlist insurgents under Don Carlos 
 defeated at Oroquieta. 
 
 6. — At the pressing request of Earl Gran- 
 ville, Earl Russell consents to postpone his 
 motion regarding the Geneva arbitration till 
 the Government were in a position to submit 
 papers to the House or make an explanation 
 on the 13th. 
 
 — On the proposal for going into committee 
 on the Education (Scotland) Bill, Mr. Gordon, 
 by a majority of 216 to 209 votes, carries a 
 resolution — "That having regard to the prin- 
 ciples and history of the past educational legisla- 
 lation and practice of Scotland, which pro- 
 vided for instruction in the Holy Scriptures in 
 the public schools as an essential part of educa- 
 
 69 
 
AfJ V 
 
 1872. 
 
 MAY 
 
 tion, this House, while desirous of passing a 
 measure during the present session for the 
 improvement of education in Scotland, is of 
 opinion that the law and practice of Scotland 
 in this respect should be continued by provisions 
 in the bill now before the House. " 
 
 6. — Niblo's Theatre, New York, destroyed 
 by fire. 
 
 7. — Sir ColmanO'Loghlen submits a resolu- 
 tion in the Commons : — "That this House has 
 heard with great regret that a gentleman has 
 been appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Clare who 
 has never resided in that county, who is a 
 stranger to its magistrates, and who does not 
 possess that local knowledge of the county and 
 its residents essential to the proper discharge of 
 the important duties of a lieutenant of a county, 
 and that this House is of opinion that such an 
 appointment is of evil example, and ought not 
 to have been made." Rejected after debate by 
 257 to 41 votes. 
 
 8. — Literary Fund dinner presided over by 
 the King of the Belgians, presently on a visit 
 to England, and whose health was proposed in 
 courtly terms by Mr. Disraeli. 
 
 9. — Rainham Church, Kent, set on fira by 
 lightning. 
 
 — Died, aged 73 years. General Sir John 
 Lysaght Pennefather, G. C. B., of Indian and 
 Crimean fame, Governor of Chelsea Hospital. 
 
 12. — The surrender of Sedan being severely 
 criticised in the National Assembly, the 
 Emperor writes from Chislehurst : — "The 
 honour of the army having been saved by the 
 bravery which had been displayed, I then 
 exercised my sovereign right, and gave orders 
 to unfurl a flag of truce. I claim the entire 
 responsibility of that act. The immolation of 
 60,000 men could not have saved France, and 
 the sublime devotion of her chiefs and soldiers 
 would have been uselessly sacrificed. We 
 obeyed a cruel but inexorable necessity. My 
 heart was broken, but my conscience was 
 tranquil." 
 
 13. — Explanations made in both Houses 
 regarding recent negotiations with Washington, 
 and forbearance solicited for a few days till 
 Government had obtained an answer to the 
 last draught note suggesting a supplementary 
 treaty now being considered by the Senate in 
 Secret Executive Session, 
 
 — Earl Granville replies to Mr. Fish's 
 argument on the indirect claims, declaring that 
 they formed no part of the negotiations between 
 the two countries, and were never even alluded 
 to by the British Government. There was not 
 a word in any letter preceding the treaty to 
 suggest any indirect or constructive claims, and 
 the only intimation the British Government had 
 had of those claims was from the speech of 
 Mr. Sumner ; but they never learned that his 
 views had been adopted by the American 
 Government. Earl Granville then urged that 
 the indirect claims were never admitted by the 
 
 70 
 
 British Commissioners, and all that were ad- 
 mitted were strictly defined and limited. The 
 indirect claims were only mentioned once to 
 the Commissioners, whereas the Fenian raids 
 were repeatedly urged ; and the withdrawal of 
 the claims for them was only on condition that 
 all constructive damages were abandoned by 
 the American Government. 
 
 13. — Died at Vienna, aged 51, Moritz 
 Hartmann, poet and journalist, but more cele- 
 brated as one of Blum's revolutionary com- 
 patriots. 
 
 14. — Marshal Bazaine constitutes himself a 
 prisoner at Versailles. 
 
 17. — The Cunard steamer TriJioH -wreckeA. 
 near the Tuskar rocks. 
 
 20. — The Foreign Committee of the United 
 States Senate report in favour of the Supple- 
 mentary Treaty providing for the vidthdrawal of 
 the indirect claims. 
 
 21. — The new Southern Hospital at Liver- 
 pool opened by Prince Arthur. 
 
 — • Boat accident on the Thames, near 
 Twickenham, and loss of four lives. 
 
 22 Collision in the Channel off Hastings, 
 
 between the North German Lloyd's steamer 
 Baltimore and the Spanish steamer Lorenzo 
 Semprun. Both vessels were seriously da- 
 maged, and the former run ashore. 
 
 23. — Died at Athens, aged 68, Lord 
 Dalling and Bulwer, diplomatist. 
 
 — Explosion in Roslin powder mills, near 
 Edinburgh, causing the loss of several lives 
 and the destruction of much property. 
 
 26. — Died, at the-family residence, Belgravo 
 Square, William Russell, eighth Duke of 
 Bedford, aged 63 years. 
 
 — Died suddenly, aged 65 years, Alfred 
 Henry Forrester, known in art and literature 
 under the nam de plume of " Alfred Crowquill." 
 
 27. — Mr. Justice Keogh gives a decision on 
 the Galway election, unseating Captain Nolan, 
 and reporting the Archbishop of Tuam, the 
 Bishops of Galway and Clonfert, and a number 
 of priests, as guilty of intimidation. After care- 
 fully examining the whole evidence, the judge 
 was convinced that it presented the most asto- 
 nishing attempts at ecclesiastical tyranny which 
 the whole history of priestly intolerance afforded. 
 Both Catholics and Protestants had been intimi- 
 dated from voting. Shots had been fired into 
 some houses. Lord Dunsandle's tenants, who 
 had promised to vote for Trench, had been 
 prevented, and Lord Gough's tenants likewise. 
 Lord Delvin had been obliged to absent himself 
 from chapel, in order that he might not hear 
 himself defamed from the altar. The gentry 
 were hunted through the fields by the fellows 
 who followed that obscene monster Pat Barrett. 
 Sir Arthur Guinness had been hounded, fight- 
 ing his way at the head of twenty-seven men 
 to vote at the booths, and several of his men 
 were also injured. Three years ago, said 
 
MAY 
 
 1872. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 Judge Keogh when giving judgment in the 
 Galway borough election petition, he had ex- 
 pressed a hope that, as Parliament was then 
 about to strike down one ascendency, the 
 Roman Catholics of Ireland would prevent a 
 more galling one from being set up. The 
 attempt had now been made, but it had been 
 met by a spirit of independence and intelligence 
 by the Roman Catholic gentry of this great 
 country, and he could not say that he felt other- 
 wise than proud of his countrymen for having 
 had the spirit and the courage and independence 
 to do it. This judgment, which excited the 
 keenest feeling throughout Ireland, occupied 
 nine hours in delivery. 
 
 27. — At the reassembling of the Commons 
 to-day, after the Whitsuntide recess, Mr. Glad- 
 stone announces that the United States Senate 
 had made "modifications" in the Supplemen- 
 tary Treaty. Earl Granville informed the 
 American Minister next day that these ' ' modi- 
 fications " could not be accepted by the British 
 Government. 
 
 28. — The Burmese ambassadors make a 
 private visit to Windsor. 
 
 — Prof. Montague Bernard, one of the 
 Commissioners for framing the Treaty of Wash- 
 ington, delivers a lecture on that subject to a 
 large audience at Oxford University Museum. 
 
 29. — The long-continued and animated 
 debate on the French Army Bill closes amid 
 a stormy scene arising out of personal alterca- 
 tions between General Changamier and Colonel 
 Denfert, and an attack by M. du Temple on 
 M. Gambetta. The principal speech of the 
 day was delivered by Monsignor Dupanloup, 
 Bjihop of Orleans. He described Prussia as 
 the first barrack in the world, but not the first 
 nation ; and demanded guarantees for the 
 liberty of conscience in the army and proper 
 regulations and facilities for enabling soldiers 
 to attend divine service. "Since you have 
 thought it necessary," he said, " to call upon 
 all youthful France to undertake active service, 
 we require, at least, that the freedom of con- 
 science should not be restricted in the army, 
 and that soldiers should not be prevented from 
 being Christians." 
 
 30. — A requisition, signed by about thirty 
 subscribers to the fund for the completion of 
 St. Paul's, having been presented to the Dean, 
 requesting him to call a general meeting of the 
 subscribers, with a view to expressing an 
 opinion regarding the appointment of Mr. 
 Burges as architect, the Dean now writes to 
 the Lord Mayor :— "The responsibihty at this 
 stage of the business rests with the Executive 
 Committee, and I do not think that it is right 
 to take it out of their hands and transfer it to 
 any meeting of subscribers, necessarily collected 
 in a chance way. I am fully aware that we 
 are all of us on our trial — Mr. Burges, those of 
 us who have confidence in him, and those also 
 who have raised an opposition against him. 
 But Mr. Burges can do nothing in St. Paul's 
 
 till his designs^after a criticism which is not 
 likely to be lenient — shall have been finally 
 approved. It will be time enough to protest 
 against him when we and the public are able 
 to judge of what he proposes to do. Regret- 
 ting extremely to find myself differing from 
 your lordship and the subscribers who have 
 signed the requisition, I am unable to comply 
 with it." 
 
 30.— Third reading of the Ballot Bill carried 
 by 274 to 216 votes. 
 
 — Died at Mossul, C. A. Rassam, British 
 Vice-Consul. 
 
 — Explosion in the powder magazine of 
 the Porthywain Lime Rocks, near Oswestry, 
 causing the death of six men. 
 
 31. — Wreck of the Halcyon on the Tuskar 
 
 rocks. 
 
 — Private Donohue stabbed in the Citadel 
 Barracks, Devon, by another soldier, named 
 Bradford, who was threatened with being re- 
 ported for disorderly conduct. 
 
 June 1. — The Prince and Princess of Wales 
 arrive at Marlborough House from their con- 
 tinental tour. 
 
 — Died at Trieste, where he discharged 
 the duties of British Consul, Charles Lever, 
 novelist and critic, aged 63 years. 
 
 2. — Died, aged 72, James Gordon Bennett, 
 editor and proprietor of the New York Herald. 
 
 3. — Died, aged 76, Johann Rudolf Thor- 
 becke, Prime Minister of HoUand. 
 
 4. — Debate commenced in the House of 
 Lords on the ofl-deferred motion of Earl Rus- 
 sell for an address to the Crown praying that all 
 proceedings on behalf of this country before 
 the arbitrators appointed to meet at Geneva, 
 pursuant to the Treaty of Washington, be 
 suspended until the claims included in the case 
 submitted on behalf of the United States, and 
 understood on the part of her Majesty not to 
 be within the province of the arbitrators, have 
 been withdrawn. The discussion, conducted 
 mainly in a spirit designed to caution the 
 Government against dangers before them, was 
 brought to a premature close on the evening of 
 the 6th, when Earl Granville produced a letter 
 from the American Minister, General Schenck, 
 affirming the sufficiency of the Supplemental 
 Article for closing indirect claims. 
 
 — Mr. Gordon's amendment to the Scotch 
 Education Bill, substantially retaining the ex- 
 isting system of parochial schools, rejected in 
 Committee by 222 to 167 votes. 
 
 — Flooding of the Po near Ferrara ; as 
 many as 40,000 people said to be rendered 
 houseless. 
 
 5. — Dublin Exhibition opened by the Duke . 
 of Edinburgh. 
 7' 
 
JUNE 
 
 1872. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 8. — The Judicial Committee of the Privy 
 Council give judgment in the case of Sheppard v. 
 Bennett, vicar of Frome Selwood, charged with 
 maintaining the following heresies — " I. The 
 actual presence of our Lord in the Sacrament 
 of the Lord's Supper. 2. The visible presence 
 of our Lord upon the altar or table at the Holy 
 Communion. 3. That there is a sacrifice at 
 the time of the celebration of the Eucharist. 
 4. That adoration or worship is due to the 
 consecrated elements in the Lord's Supper." 
 The alleged heresies were contained in publi- 
 cations by Mr. Bennett, in an essay on " Some 
 Results of the Tractarian Movement of 1833," 
 and in "Letters to Dr. Pusey," of which there 
 had been three editions, and in which altera- 
 tions had been made. The Dean of Arches 
 gave a judgment in July 1870, and, admitting 
 a retractation in a corrected edition of the 
 pamphlet as to the visible presence in the 
 Sacrament and the adoration of the consecrated 
 elements, he arrived at the conclusion that to 
 describe the mode of presence as objective, real, 
 actual, and spiritual, was not contrary to the 
 law of the Church of England. From that 
 judgment the promoter appealed to their lord- 
 ships, and the case was argued before a com- 
 mittee of ten members. Their lordships had' 
 had six conferences in private to consider the 
 question. Their lordships now dismissed the 
 appeal, but made no order as to costs, seeing 
 the respondent had not appeared. 
 
 9. — Died at Hoddesden, aged 77, the Rev. 
 Wm. Ellis, widely known from his missionary 
 labours in the South Sea Islands and Mada- 
 gascar. 
 
 10. — The United States Congress adjourn 
 without coming to any decision respecting the 
 Supplementary Article. 
 
 — The Anglo-American four-oared race 
 between the London and Atlantic contested on 
 the Thames from Mortlake with ebb tide, and 
 won easily by the former. 
 
 — The Ballot Bill read a second time in the 
 House of Lords by 86 to 56 votes. 
 
 11. — The Daily News publishes a despatch 
 from Earl Granville to Mr. Fish, proposing 
 that on the meeting of arbitrators on the 1 5th 
 a joint application should be made for an 
 adjournment of eight months. The despatch 
 was accompanied by a declaration that it was 
 the intention of her Majesty's Government to 
 cancel the appointment of the British arbitrator 
 and withdraw from the arbitration at the close 
 of the term fixed for the adjournment, "unless 
 the difference which has arisen between the two 
 Governments as to the claims for indirect losses 
 referred to in the note which he had the honour 
 to address to Count Sclopis on the isth of 
 April shall have been removed."' Mr. Fish 
 refused to unite in this arrangement, believing 
 that the time could only be extended by a new 
 treaty; "but if the arbitrators consented to 
 ■ adjourn on the request of Great Britain, the 
 United States Government would not object." 
 72 
 
 Explanations were made in both Houses of 
 Parliament in the evening. Earl Granville 
 admitted that an adjournment had been pro- 
 posed, but Mr. Gladstone omitting to do so 
 drew down strong condemnation from Mr. 
 Disraeli, who complained of the Premier's 
 want of frankness. 
 
 11. — The Dubliu Court of Common Pleas 
 decide that Captain Trench was entitled to the 
 seat which Captain Nolan had been deprived 
 of at Gal way. The sitting judges were Chief 
 Justice Monahan, and Justices Keogh, Morris, 
 and Lawson. The three latter concurred in 
 the judgment by which Captain Trench obtained 
 the seat, and the Chief Justice, in stating the 
 grounds of his dissent, took occasion to say he 
 had no doubt as to the truth of the allegations 
 of undue influence and intimidation by Captain 
 Nolan and his agents. When a motion was 
 made by Mr. Gladstone to substitute the name 
 of Captain Trench for Nolan, in conformity 
 with Justice Keogh's report to the Speaker, an 
 attempt was made to raise a discussion on the 
 point ; but it was found that by the Act ot 
 1867 the House had parted with all jurisdiction 
 in election matters, and had no choice but to 
 direct the amendment of the return. 
 
 12. — The bicentenary of the birth of Petei 
 the Great celebrated with great enthusiasm 
 throughout Russia. At St. Petersburg the 
 Emperor, with his brother the Grand Duke 
 Nicholas, took part in the proceedings, while 
 at Moscow the Imperial family were repre- 
 sented by the Grand Duke Constantine. 
 
 — Resignation of the Serrano Ministry in 
 Spain, and election of Zorrilla. Carlist dis- 
 turbances still continue to agitate the country. 
 
 — Opening of the first railway constructed 
 in Japan, between Yokohama and Shinagawa. 
 
 13. — Died, aged 80, John Forrester, a well- 
 known member of the Mansion House police 
 force. 
 
 14. — After a trial extending over three days 
 Marguerite Dixblanc is found guilty of the 
 murder of Madame Riel, Park Lane, and 
 sentenced to death by Baron Channell, who 
 presided at the Old Bailey. Under a belief 
 that there had been a quarrel between the mis- 
 tress and her servant, the jury recommended 
 the prisoner to the mercy of tJie Court. The 
 Crown afterwards gave effect to the recommen- 
 dation by commuting the extreme penalty to 
 imprisonment for life. 
 
 15. — The Irish Nation, lashed into fury by 
 the deliverance of Judge Keogh on the Galway 
 case, declares "The man who sold them as 
 Judas sold his God ; the man who gave them 
 the kiss, with the thirty pieces in his pocket ; 
 the man whose treason blasted the hopes of a 
 confiding people, and sent thousands into exile, 
 pauperism, or the grave, is the same who dares 
 to come forward now in the r61e of moral cen- 
 sor and political headsman ! . . . Our rulers 
 will discover ere long that a hundred ' Fenian 
 
JUNE 
 
 1872. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 conspirators ' could not do as much in ten years 
 as Mr. Keogh has done in one day to fill this 
 land with hatred of the law and rule that has 
 its representative in him ; and. with resentment 
 of the humiliation, the ignominy, the outrage 
 of setting over us on the justice-seat, to revile 
 our faith and destroy our liberties, a political 
 traitor false to his country and forsworn to his 
 oath!" 
 
 15. — The arbitrators under the Treaty of 
 Washington hold a private conference at 
 Geneva. 
 
 — Owing to the death of Mr. Blenkiron, a 
 sale of yearlings takes place at Middle Park, 
 sixty lots bringing 17,000 guineas, or an average 
 of nearly 300 guineas. A colt by General 
 Peel out of Danae sold for 1,750 guineas; a 
 bay colt by Blair Athol out of Coimbra, 1,550/. ; 
 and a colt by Blair Athol out of Margery Uaw, 
 1,150 guineas. Mr. Tattersall announced that 
 Mr. Blenkiron's executors had received an offer 
 from the Prussian Government for the whole of 
 the stud, but declined it on the ground that 
 they thought it right this country should have 
 the opportunity of participating in its advan- 
 tages. 
 
 — The old Cockhedge Factory at War- 
 rington destroyed by a fire which broke out in 
 the spinning department. 
 
 16.— Died, aged 82, Colonel W. 11. Sykes, 
 F.R.S., M.P. for Aberdeen since 1857, and 
 engaged in active Indian duty as far back as 
 1804, when he served with Lord Lake before 
 Bhurtpore. Colonel Sykes was twice elected 
 a Director of the East India Company. 
 
 — Died at Glasgow, aged 60 years. Rev. 
 Norman McLeod, D.D.,'a popular Scotch 
 preacher, one of her Majesty's chaplains in 
 Scotland, and editor of Good Words, to which 
 
 - he contributed many graphic tales and sketches 
 of foreign travel. 
 
 17. — The Ballot Bill passes through com- 
 mittee in the Lords with two amendments, 
 moved by the Duke of Richmond, designed to 
 trace the voter, by marking on the counterfoil 
 his number on the voting register, and to make 
 secresy only optional. 
 
 19. — Count Sclopis, President of the Geneva 
 Arbitrators, states that after the most careful 
 perusal of all that had been urged by the United 
 States on the subject of the indirect claims, 
 they had arrived, "individuallyandcoUectively, 
 at the conclusion that these claims do not con- 
 stitute, upon the principles of international 
 law applicable to such cases, good foundation 
 for an award of compensation, or computation 
 of damages between nations, and should upon 
 such principles be wholly excluded from the 
 consideration of the Tribunal in making up its 
 award, even if there were no disagreement as 
 to the competency of the Tribunal to decide 
 thereon, with a view to the settlement of the 
 other claims to the consideration of which by 
 the Tribunal no exception has been taken on 
 
 the part of her Britannic Majesty's Govern- 
 ment." On the 25th, Mr. Bancroft Davis 
 stated that " the declaration by the Tribunal 
 was accepted by the President of the United 
 States as determinative of the judgment on the 
 important question of public law involved ; and 
 that he, as agent of the United States, was 
 authorized to say that consequently the above- 
 mentioned claims will not be further insisted 
 upon before the Tribunal by the United States, 
 and may be excluded from all consideration 
 in any award that may be made." On the 
 28th the Tribunal adjourned until the 15th 
 of July. 
 
 19. — A bill for the expulsion of the Jesuits 
 passing the German Reichstag by 131 votes to 
 93 ; and another anti-clerical proposal making 
 civil marriage and registration thereof compul- 
 sory, was approved of by 151 votes to 100. 
 
 — Strike in the London building trade for 
 increased pay and shorter hours. 
 
 20. — The Synod of the French Reformed 
 Church adopt M. Guizot's proposal in favour 
 of the establishment of a definite creed to avoid 
 the scandal of high Calvinists and Rationalists 
 sitting together. 
 
 21. — The Burmese Embassy received by the 
 Queen at Windsor. 
 
 • — Compromise in the Thwaites will case ; 
 the jury, under instructions from Lord Pen- 
 zance, finding against the sanity of the deceased, 
 but discharged on the plea referring to undue 
 influence. (See page 639.) 
 
 22 • In the Treasury case of Edmunds v. 
 Gladstone and others, Justice Mellor finds 
 that the evidence had failed to prove the pub- 
 lication of the minute complained of, and a 
 nonsuit was entered accordingly. 
 
 23. — Father Conway, one of the Galway 
 priests censured by Judge Keogh, having died 
 suddenly, Mr. Sullivan of the Nation declared 
 at a meeting of Roman Catholics that he had 
 never raised his head since the day he was 
 made the butt of public ridicule. "He went 
 but once since to the altar where his consecrated 
 hands so often offered the august sacrifice to 
 the Most High. He was consigned to a bed 
 of fever, in his delirium repeating the sentences 
 of contumely that had broken his noble heart, 
 and sent him to-day a murdered priest into his 
 grave. (Sensation.) Father Conway has gone 
 to appeal from Judge Keogh's judgment to the 
 judgment of One who would not deny him 
 justice, and before whose high throne and 
 judgment seat on. the eternal day Judge Keogh 
 would find his sentence reversed." (Sensation.) 
 
 24. — Bethnal Green Museum opened by the 
 Prince and Princess of Wales. 
 
 25. — Addressing the Constitutional Associ- 
 ation at the Crystal Palace, Mr. Disraeli said : 
 " I have always been of opinion that the Tory 
 party has three great objects. The first is to 
 maintain the institutions of the country — not 
 73 
 
JUNE 
 
 1872. 
 
 JULY 
 
 from any sentiment of political superstition, 
 but because we believe that the principles upon 
 which a community like England can alone 
 safely rest— the principles of liberty, of order, 
 of law, and of religion — ought not to be en- 
 trusted to individual opinion or to the caprice 
 and passion of multitudes, but should be embo- 
 died in a form of permanence and power. We 
 associate with the monarchy the ideas which it 
 represents — the majesty of the law, the adminis- 
 tration of justice, the fountain of mercy and 
 of honour. We know that the estates of the 
 realm, by the privileges they enjoy, are the best 
 security for public liberty and good government. 
 We believe that a national profession of faith 
 can only be attained by maintaining an Esta- 
 blished Church, and that no society is safe un- 
 less there is a public recognition of the Provi- 
 dential government of the world, and of the 
 future responsibility of man." The Reform 
 Act of 1867-8 was founded, he said, in a con- 
 fidence that the great body of the people of 
 this country were conservative. " I use the 
 word in its purest and loftiest sense. I mean 
 that the people of England, and especially the 
 working classes of England, are proud of 
 belonging to a great country, and wish to 
 maintain its greatness — that they are proud of 
 belonging to an Imperial country, and are re- 
 solved to maintain, if they can, the empire of 
 England — that they believe, on the whole, that 
 the greatness and the empire of England are 
 to be attributed to the ancient institutions of the 
 land." Mr. Disraeli exhorted his hearers to do 
 their best to secure the triumph of their principles. 
 The time was at hand — at least it could not be 
 long distant — when England would have to 
 decide between national and cosmopolitan 
 principles. This observation was received with 
 loud and long-continued cheering, as was also 
 the prophecy with which the speaker concluded, 
 on the assumption that the Conservative party 
 would put forth its united strength : — " You will 
 maintain your country in its present position. 
 But you will do more than that — you will deliver 
 to your posterity a land of liberty, of prosperity, 
 of power, and of glory." 
 
 25. — Mr. Cowper-Temple's Occasional Ser- 
 mons Bill rejected by 177 to 116 votes. 
 
 — Mr. M 'Arthur's motion, "That a humble 
 address be presented to her Majesty, praying 
 that she will be graciously pleased to take into 
 consideration the propriety of establishing a 
 Protectorate at Fiji, or of annexing those islands, 
 provided that this may be effected with the 
 consent of the inhabitants," rejected by 135 to 
 84 votes. 
 
 — The Burials Bill defeated on the motion 
 to go into committee, by 100 to 78 votes. 
 
 26. — Unveiling of a stained-glass window in 
 Berkhampstead church as a memorial to the 
 poet Cowper, son of the rector of the parish, 
 and bom there November 15, 1731. 
 
 — The Ballot Bill read a third time in the 
 House of Lords and passed. 
 
 74 
 
 27. — Miss Fox, adopted daughter of Lady 
 Holland, married to Prince Liechtenstein at 
 the Pro-Cathedral, Kensington. 
 
 — Announcement made in both Houses of 
 Parliament that America had accepted the de- 
 claration of the Geneva arbitrators excluding 
 the indirect claims. 
 
 28. — The Lords' amendments to the Ballot 
 Bill considered in the Commons. The optional 
 ballot rejected by 302 to 234 ; the scrutiny ac- 
 cepted by 382 to 137 ; the extension of the 
 hours of polling rejected by 227 to igo. 
 
 30. — William Edward Taylor, dealer in old 
 iron, Bermondsey, murders a woman with 
 whom he lived, named Hebden, their daughter 
 Frances, aged five years, fractures the skull of 
 his son James, and then attempts to commit 
 suicide. A few hours after being conveyed to 
 the hospital the maniac jumped out of bed, 
 evaded the constable and the nurse who were 
 in charge of him, rushed into another ward, 
 seized the tongs and menaced the nurse, who 
 escaped by springing from the second-floor 
 window to the ground, fortunately without 
 being injured. Taylor then dashed about the 
 ward and the corridors, and wrote in blood on 
 the wall, " Poison me. Kill me. Let me die. 
 Put me out of my misery." He ultimately ran 
 to a window on the first floor and jumped out 
 of it into the grounds beneath. The window, 
 however, was only six feet from the ground, 
 and he was not injured by his leap. 
 
 July 1. — The Commons reject the Lords' 
 amendment to the Ballot Bill limiting the 
 duration of the Act to eight years, by 246 to 
 165 votes. Afl:er a conference with the Upper 
 House the Commons accepted this clause, and 
 the Lords withdrew the power of optional 
 secresy proposed to be given to the voter. 
 
 — Disorderly scene in the French National 
 Assembly between M. Thiers and M. Rouher 
 regarding the tax on raw materials. 
 
 2.— Mr. Miall's motion for a Royal Com- 
 mission to inquire into the origin, nature, 
 amount, and application of the property and 
 revenues of the Church of England rejected by 
 29s to 94 votes. Mr. T. Hughes's amendment 
 directing the inquiry to ecclesiastical purposes 
 generally was also rejected by 270 to 41 votes. 
 
 — Inauguration of the memorial edifice at 
 Newcastle, erected to the memory of Nicholas 
 Wood, engineer, and coadjutor of George 
 Stephenson in the early days of railway enter- 
 prise. 
 
 3. — The International Prison Congress 
 assemble in the Middle Temple Hall, under 
 the presidency of Lord Carnarvon. 
 
 — Died, aged 59, Jonathan Bagster, bible 
 publisher. 
 
 4. — Commencement of a series of riots near 
 Antwerp, between the military and the 
 populace. 
 
JULY 
 
 1872. 
 
 JULY 
 
 4. — The Acrobats Bill, framed to protect 
 young people from engaging in entertainments 
 dangerous to their lives or injurious to health, 
 read a second time in the House of Lords, 
 
 — " Independence Day " celebrated by the 
 arbitrators at Geneva, Mr. Adams responding 
 at the banquet to the toast " The Day we 
 celebrate. " 
 
 — After a debate protracted over six days 
 the Upper House of Convocation resolves to 
 refer the subject of the Athanasian Creed to a 
 committee of both Houses. 
 
 5. — Experimental firing into the Glutton in 
 Portland Roads, with results favourable to 
 turret-built ships of her strength. The gun 
 used was the Hotspur's 25-ton. 
 
 — The Queen reviews the troops at Alder- 
 shot. 
 
 6. — The church of St. Mary Magdalen, 
 Paddington, destroyed by fire. 
 
 — Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Wigan take leave 
 of the stage at Drury Lane. 
 
 — Judge Keogh having been appointed to 
 take the Irish north-west circuit, the Dublin 
 Nation writes : — " And so, guarded by special 
 constables, watched over by spies, and pro- 
 tected by detectives, with gall on his tongue 
 and venom in his heart, he returns to the land 
 of his birth. Deeply as we may regret this 
 issue, it leaves us some little grounds for con- 
 solation, like the shining jewel iii the forehead 
 of the toad of adversity. The spectacle afforded 
 by Judge Keogh and his political surroundings 
 may not be without its uses in Ireland, and the 
 lesson which his presence in Ireland will incul- 
 cate is not wholly devoid of advantages. Otiiers 
 besides temperance lecturers have found the 
 benefit of having a 'dreadful example' to point 
 to, and Mr. Justice Keogh will serve as a 
 living memento to tell the aspirants to public 
 favour in Ireland the way tliey should not 
 
 go- 
 
 8. — Convalescent Home at Highgate opened 
 by the Prince and Princess of Wales. 
 
 — A vote of 4,133^. for the legal expenses 
 of Governor Eyre's defence against criminal 
 prosecutions, carried by 243 to 130 votes. 
 
 — At the Central Criminal Court, Henry 
 Benson pleaded guilty to obtaining 1,000/. 
 fiom the late Lord Mayor on the false pretence 
 of relieving the destitute inhabitants of Chateau- 
 dun at the Close of the war, and was sentenced 
 to twelve months' imprisonment with such hard 
 labour as he was able to perform. 
 
 9. — Explosion in Tradeston Flour Mills, 
 Glasgow, causing the destruction of an exten- 
 sive range of buildings, the deaths of fourteen 
 people, and serious Injury to twelve others 
 employed in the building at the time. The 
 calamity was at first attributed to an escape of 
 gas, but scientific and practical evidence sub- 
 mitted to a court of inquiry held immediately 
 afterwards, made it more likely to have been 
 
 caused by an accumulation of explosive dust 
 generated in the process of grinding. 
 
 9, — The Democratic Convention at Balti- 
 more nominate Mr. Horace Greeley as their 
 candidate for the Presidency, and Mr. Gretz 
 Brown for the Vice-Presidency. 
 
 — Justice Keogh and Justice Lawson set 
 out from Dublin for the purpose of opening the 
 assizes at Longford. The train by which they 
 travelled was preceded by a pilot engine and 
 two carriages containing a number of soldiers. 
 At intermediate stations policemen were under 
 arms, but there was no demonstration whatever. 
 A large force of cavaliy, infantry, and con- 
 stabulary awaited the arrival of the train at 
 Longford, where the judges were received by 
 the high sheriff. Their lordships proceeded to 
 their lodgings under a strong escort. 
 
 10. — The greater part of the masons on 
 strike in London resume work. 
 
 — Mrs. Squires and her daughter Christiana, 
 newsvendors in Hoxton, beaten to death in 
 their shop and the premises robbed by some 
 person unknown. 
 
 11. — Heavy floods and thunderstorm over 
 the kingdom. 
 
 — The Royal Botanic Society of London 
 give a f^te in thek gardens at the Regent's 
 Park. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales lays the founda- 
 tion-stone of the new Hospital for Sick Children 
 in Great Ormond Street. 
 
 — A cabinet of Staffordshire ware presented 
 to Mr. Bright by workers in the Potteries 
 district. In acknowledging the gift he took 
 occasion to refer to the subject of Pariiamentaiy 
 Reform, mentioning that within the last few 
 days they had seen how much progress had 
 been made. " The House of Lords — which 
 seems to be almost the last refuge of poliiii-al 
 ignorance and passion — the House of Lords 
 has consented to the establishment of vote by 
 ballot, by which perfect security and inde- 
 pendence will be given to every elector. They 
 have, unfortunately, insisted on a reservation 
 which shows how little they know of the signs 
 of the times, which must infallibly create 
 embarrassment, and contest, and party strife. 
 This might have been avoided, for they, of all 
 persons, have the greatest interest in dispensing 
 with it. " 
 
 15. — The Free Church Presbytery of Dundee 
 engage in the consideration of a charge brought 
 against the Rev. Mr. Knight, a member of 
 their body, of having preached in the chapel of 
 the Rev. James Martineau, London. After a 
 long discussion, a motion was adopted, setting 
 forth that Mr. Knight's conduct was highly 
 censurable, but that in view of the offence being 
 the first of the kind with which the Church had 
 had to deal, Mr. Knight should simply be 
 admonished, required to repudiate the Unitarian 
 body as forming part of the Church of Christ, 
 75 
 
JULY 
 
 1872. 
 
 JULY 
 
 and enjoined not to repeat the same act under 
 the pain of exposing himself to the highest 
 censure of the Church. 
 
 16. — Meeting of the English Roman Catho- 
 clic, in Willis's Rooms, to protest against the 
 suppression of religious houses in Italy and 
 the expulsion of the Jesuits from Germany. 
 
 17. — Debate on Sir R. Blennerhassett's bill 
 for the purchase of Irish railways by the State, 
 I^ord Hartington promising on the part of the 
 Government that careful consideration would 
 be given to the question. 
 
 18.— The Ballot Bill receives the Royal 
 assent. 
 
 — Freedom of the City of London presented 
 to the Baroness Burdett Coutts, the first lady 
 honoured with such a distinction. 
 
 . — The Marland Spinning Mill, near Roch- 
 dale, occupied by the Castleton Co-operative 
 Spinning Company, destroyed by fire. 
 
 — Attempt made to assassinate the King 
 and Queen of Spain in the Calle Arenal, 
 Madrid. One of the party of five who fired 
 was killed on the spot by attendants, and two 
 others captured. 
 
 — National festival in Norway in celebra- 
 tion of the thousandth anniversary of the estab- 
 lishment of the kingdom. At Christiana Prince 
 Oscar, attended by the Prime Minister, Stang, 
 unveiled the national monument in the presence 
 of deputations from the Storthing, the Univer- 
 sity, and the Supreme Court. 
 
 19. — Mr. Arthur Helps gazetted K.C.B. 
 
 — Came on at the Dorset Assizes, before 
 Mr. Justice Mellor, a right of common case, 
 in which the nominal litigants were Davis v. 
 Thome, but the real parties in the dispute 
 the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Normanton, 
 Lady Bingham, and other freeholders, on the 
 one hand, and Mr. Fryer, lord of the manor 
 of Verwood, in Dorset, on the other. The 
 plaintiff Davis was a tenant of Lord Normanton, 
 and before certain enclosures were made — now 
 the subject of litigation — he could drive his 
 cattle at once from his homestead on to the 
 cormnon. But by these enclosures— made by 
 the defendant — he had been shut out, and 
 compelled to go on to the turnpike road in 
 order to get to a portion of his farm, thus 
 putting him to a very great inconvenience. A 
 great number of witnesses came forward, it 
 being argued from the evidence that by the 
 making of the enclosures the lord of the manor 
 had enriched himself, while the rights of the 
 freeholders had been destroyed. Verdict for 
 the plaintiff, with nominal damages of /^os. 
 
 20. — The Edinburgh Court of Session give 
 judgment in the Belhaven peerage case, finding 
 that Mr. James Hamilton, North Leith, had 
 established his claim, and remitted to the 
 Sheriff of Chancery to serve him heir to the 
 earldom. 
 76 
 
 21.— In view of the difficulty of procuring 
 praiseworthy competitive dramas for the "T. P. 
 Cooke National Prize," the Master of the Rolls 
 transfers the 3,000/. bequest from that purpose 
 to the general fund of the Royal Dramatic 
 College. 
 
 22. — Lord Granard states in the House of 
 Lords that, having read the papers relating to 
 Mr. Justice Keogh's judgment on the Galway 
 Election Petition, he was unable either to 
 modify or retract any expressions contained in 
 his published letter on the subject. Under 
 these circumstances he had placed his resig- 
 nation of the lord-lieutenancy of Leitrim in the 
 hands of the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and 
 his resignation had been accepted. In tlie 
 Commons Mr. Gladstone announces that 
 Government intended to prosecute the Bishop 
 of Clonfert and nineteen priests for illegal prac- 
 tices at the Galway election. 
 
 — A proposal to grant a pension of i,coo/. 
 (in addition to an equal sum paid out of the 
 Indian revenue) to Lady Mayo agreed to by 
 both Houses. 
 
 — Replying to a memorial signed by 7,000 
 lay members of the Church of England on the 
 subject of the Athanasian Creed, the Archbishops 
 of Canterbury and York write to Lord Shaftes- 
 bury? — " While we think it right to pay due 
 attention to the legitimate scruples of those 
 who, through their zeal to maintain the truth 
 as it has, ever been taught by the Church of 
 Christ, feel great anxiety respecting any change, 
 we fully anticipate that, in conjunction with 
 our brethren, we shall be able to devise some 
 plan which will meet the wishes of that 
 other large body of persons who object to the 
 solemn use of words which they regard as un- 
 authorised, in their most obvious sense, either 
 by the letter or the spirit of Holy Scripture." 
 
 — Died, aged 60 years, General Don Benito 
 Juarez, President of the Republic of Mexico, 
 and the successful rival of the Emperor Maxi- 
 milian, whom he put to death. 
 
 23. — Died, aged 75 years, W. Bridges 
 Adams, mechanician. 
 
 — Henry M. Stanley, the discoverer of Dr. 
 Livingstone, arrives at Marseilles with nume- 
 rous letters and reports from the great traveller. 
 
 • — ■ Severe thunderstorm accompanied by a 
 heavy fall of rain experienced in London and 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 24. — Commenting on the Keogh judgment, 
 the Freeman's Journal attacks the Prime 
 Minister : — " Unhappy Ireland ! Ill-fated peo- 
 ple ! The serpent whom the nation warmed 
 into vitality and power, ' the people's William,' 
 is the first among the foremost to curl his viper 
 tail and strike his envenomed fang into the 
 national heart, not only prosecuting the bishops 
 and priests for being true to their people, but 
 seeking, by a deep-laid plot, to stifle their 
 defence." On the attention of the House 
 being called to the words, the Irish Attorney- 
 
JULY 
 
 1872. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 Cieneral said it was not his intention to insti- 
 tute a prosecution in regard to that article, and 
 he was surprised that Colonel Knox, being an 
 Irishman himself, should not have known that 
 such things were customary in that country. 
 
 24. — Mr. Gilpin's bill for the abolition of 
 capital punishment rejected by 167 votes to 54. 
 
 — Meeting of the Church Associafion to 
 promote the presentation of a lay memorial to 
 the Bishops, and a protest on the subject of the 
 Bennett judgment. 
 
 25. — Edward E. Stokes tried for the murder 
 of James Fisk at New York, but the jury 
 declare themselves unable to agree upon a 
 verdict. 
 
 26. — Mr. Vemon Harcourt's motion, " That 
 the administration of the law under the ex- 
 isting system is costly, dilatory, and inefficient ; 
 that a competent commission having reported 
 that the judicial organisation is defective in all 
 its branches, it is desirable that her Majesty's 
 Government should, in the next session of Par- 
 liament, present to this House a measure for 
 its reform and reconstruction, which, without 
 increasing the public charge, shall provide for 
 the more effectual, speedy, and economical 
 administration of justice," rejected after debate 
 by 60 votes to 45. 
 
 27. — Mdlle. Christine Nilsson married to 
 M. Rouzaud at Westminster Abbey. 
 
 28. — Subscriptions received for the French 
 loan of 120,000,000/. issued at 84f. 50c. Total 
 amount subscribed 1,720,000,000/. 
 
 29. —Earl Derby calls the attention of the 
 House of Lords to the treatment experienced 
 by Dr. Hooker, director of Kew Gardens, at 
 the hands of Mr. Ayrton, First Commissioner 
 of Works. After tracing the history of Kew 
 Gardens, and the distinguished scientific career, 
 first of Sir W. Hooker and then of his son, he 
 stated from the blue book the acts of which 
 Dr. Hooker complained, and charged the First 
 Commissioner of Works with systematic arro- 
 gance and disregard of the courtesies of official 
 life. 
 
 31. — Died, aged 67, Augustus Smith, the 
 lessee (under the I)uchy of Cornwall) or king 
 of the Scilly Isles, with no neighbouring pro- 
 prietor nearer than the Land's End on one side 
 and Newfoundland on the other. 
 
 — Enormous rise in the price of coals — in 
 the metropolis to the extent of 100 per cent., 
 and in the colliery districts to 300 per cent, on 
 last winter's prices. 
 
 — Celebration of the 400th anniversary of 
 the foundation of Munich University. Herr 
 Von Lutz, the Minister of Public Instruction, 
 was the bearer of the King's congratulations, 
 and announced the foundation by his Majesty 
 of a scholarship for students in history. Pro- 
 fessor Sybel on the part of various German 
 associations. Professor Max Muller on the part 
 of foreign universities, and Professor Ernst 
 
 Curtius on behalf of the learned societies, de- 
 livered congratulatory addresses. The Rector, 
 Dr. Dbllinger, in reply to Professor Max Muller, 
 remarked that the many good sides of the 
 English Universities were not unknown in 
 Germany, and Oxford especially was venerated 
 as a model and an elder sister. 
 
 3 1 . — At a meeting of the Suez Canal Company 
 the estimated revenue for theyear was stated to be 
 22,ooo,ooof, leaving a profit of 6,65o,ooof. , in 
 consequence of the new mode of applying the 
 tariffs. Eight hundred and eighty-seven vessels 
 passed through the canal during the first six 
 months of 1872, producing 7,244,ooof., or an 
 increase of 45 per cent, on the preceding half- 
 year. The calculation of the tariff on the basis 
 of the gross tonnage instead of the net tonnage 
 produced since the ist of July an increase of 
 50 per cent, in the receipts. 
 
 — Died, aged 19 years, rran5ois Louis 
 Marie Philippe, Due de Guise, only surviving 
 child of the Due d'Aumale, by his late con- 
 sort Marie Caroline Auguste, daughter of the 
 Prince of Salerno. 
 
 August 1. — Experiment with gun-cotton 
 in the neighbourhood of the Treasury, White- 
 hall, resulting in an explosion which shattered 
 the windows of several public offices. 
 
 — General Schenck, the American Minister, 
 General Sherman, and the admiral and 
 captains of the United States quadron at 
 anchor in Southampton water, sreceived by 
 the Queen at Osborne. 
 
 — The return from the bankers' clearing 
 house, for the week ending to-day, shows a 
 total of 147,553,000/. In the corresponding 
 week of last year it was 116,642,000/. The 
 largest return ever known previously to the 
 present one was for the week ending the 3rd 
 ult., when it amounted to 142,045,000/. 
 
 2. — The Select Committee appointed to 
 report upon the whole subject of railway com- 
 munication between the Mediterranean, the 
 Black Sea, and the Persian Gulf, issue their 
 report. The committee state that the evidence 
 which they have taken has satisfied them that 
 there is no insuperable obstacle in the way of 
 the construction of a railway from some suitable 
 port in the Mediterranean to some other suitable 
 port at or near the head of the Persian Gulf; 
 that there is more than one port which might 
 be selected at either end of the line ; that there 
 are several practicable routes ; that there 
 would be no difficulty in procuring the neces- 
 sary supply of labour and of materials for con- 
 structing a railway ; and that there need be no 
 apprehension of its being exposed to injury by 
 natives, either during the process of its con- 
 struction or after it shall have been completed. 
 The committee think that 10,000,000/. would 
 cover the expenses of the shortest route pro- 
 posed. In conclusion, - the report says: — 
 
 Speaking generally, your committee are of 
 77 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1872, 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 opinion that the two routes, by the Red Sea 
 and by the Persian Gulf, might be maintained 
 and used simultaneously ; that at certain seasons 
 and for certain purposes the advantage would 
 lie with the one, and at other seasons and for 
 other purposes it would lie with the other ; 
 that it may fairly be expected that in process 
 of time traffic enough for the support of both 
 would develop itself, but that this result must 
 not be expected too soon ; that the political 
 and commercial advantages of establishing a 
 secind route would at any time be considerable, 
 and might, under possible circumstances, be 
 exceedingly great ; and that it would be worth 
 the while of the English Government to make 
 an effort to secure them, considering the 
 moderate pecuniary risk which they would 
 incur." 
 
 3. — Collision at Clifton Junction, on the 
 Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, between an 
 express and a goods train. Five persons killed 
 and several seriously injured. 
 
 — Melkshott Court, Romsey, the seat of 
 Lady Ashburton, burnt, but the greater part of 
 the valuable works of art with which it was 
 crowded saved, 
 
 4. — Died, aged 81 years. General Julius 
 George Griffith, of the Royal Artillery, an old 
 Deccan campaigner under Colonel Lionel 
 Smith. 
 
 — Murder and suicide at Gerson near 
 Lucerne, an American shooting a young lady 
 walking with her mother and sister, and dis- 
 charging a pistol through his own head. 
 
 5. — Publication in the Gazette of the official 
 despatches from Dr. Livingstone, brought home 
 by Mr. Stanley, who had arrived in London 
 on the 2nd inst. , after a short stay at Paris. 
 They comprised six letters, the first addressed 
 to Lord Stanley, being dated the 15th of 
 November, 1870, and the last to Earl Gran- 
 ville, dated Unyanyembe, near the Kazeh of 
 Sheke, February 20, 1872. In 1866 Dr. 
 Livingstone had entered Africa from Zanzibar, 
 but far south of the Nile system. The great 
 valley of the Zambezi, with its tributary. Lake 
 Nyassa, already familiar to him, was the scene 
 of his first labours. Thence he worked north- 
 wards over the watershed in search of streams 
 that might feed the infant Nile, and at last, 
 deserted by his guides and worn out by toil, 
 but rewarded by the discovery of the great 
 river Chambezi, he reached Ujiji, the Arab 
 trade depot on Lake Tanganyika, in 1869. 
 Thei-e he rested for a while, and then started 
 again on the same quest. Again he was 
 rewarded by the sight of a great river called 
 Lualaba, which he succeeded in tracing back 
 till it was identified with the Chambezi of his 
 former discovery. But he was worn down by 
 illness and exhaustion. His feet were sore 
 with ulcers, his followers had mutinied, his 
 stores were exhausted, and he had no resource 
 but to fall back once more on Ujiji, which he 
 reached for the second time, utterly dispirited 
 78 
 
 and forlorn, and, in lus own expressive phrase, 
 "a mere ruckle of bones," in the middle of 
 October 1871. But he had not long to wait 
 for help and comfort. On the loth of Novem- 
 ber the discharge of many muskets announced 
 the arrival of some distinguished party, and the 
 old traveller's eyes and ears were soon glad-, 
 dened by the sight of a white face, and the 
 sound of the familiar English tongue. Mr. 
 Stanley had found him out, and brought health 
 and plenty in his company. (See Nov. 10, 
 1871.) Dr. Livingstone sent home his journal 
 to his daughter Agnes. " It is," he writes, 
 ' ' one of Letts's large folio diaries, and is full 
 except a few (five) pages reserved for altitudes 
 which I cannot at present copy. It contains 
 a few private memoranda for my family alone, 
 and I adopt this course in order to secure it 
 from risk in my concluding trip." Letters 
 continued to be received from Livingstone till 
 July of this year. 
 
 5. — Mr. Grant-Duff introduces the Indian 
 Budget. For the regular estimate year 1871-72 
 the revenue was 50,013,686/. and the expendi- 
 ture 47,282,356/., and the Budget estimate for 
 the coming year put the revenue at 48,771,000/. 
 and the expenditure at 48,534,000/., leaving a 
 surplus of about a quarter of a million. The 
 decrease in the revenue was due chiefly to 
 opium and assessed taxes. Since the year 
 1861, the income drawn from India amounted 
 to 569,000,000/., and we had spent there 
 576,500,000/. But for this excess of expendi- 
 ture over income of seven millions, India had 
 obtained over thirty-seven millions of pro- 
 perty, namely, seven millions and a half in 
 public roads, eight millions in canals and a 
 million and a half in harbours, six and a half 
 millions in civil buildings, eleven millions in 
 military buildings, and two millions and three- 
 quarters ■ in state railways. An amendment 
 moved by Mr. Fawcett, condemning the 
 income-tax, was withdrawn after discussion. 
 
 6. — Royal assent given to the Scotch Educa- 
 tion Bill. 
 
 7- — Earl Russell, writing to the Times, sug- 
 gests a change in the termination of the financial 
 year. If it were to close, he said, on the 30th 
 June, instead of the 31st March, the following 
 advantages would be secured : — i. The months 
 of February, March, and April might be de- 
 voted to the consideration of bills by the House 
 of Commons, these bills being sent to the 
 House of Lords before the end of April. The 
 House of Commons would not then be required 
 to give up June and July to the business of 
 legislation. 2, The House of Commons, not 
 having its attention occupied by the passing of 
 bills through Committee, would be able at the 
 beginning of May to give its attention to Esti- 
 mates and to any financial measures which 
 the Government or individual members might 
 place before them 3. The Estimates being 
 voted before the 30th of June, the expenditure 
 of the year would begin with the closing of the 
 Committee of Supply. 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1872. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 7. — At Guildford Assizes, before Baron 
 Martin, the jury again return a verdict for tlie 
 defendants in the action raised by Leonard 
 Edmunds against several newspaper proprietors 
 to recover damages for alleged libels contained 
 in a Treasury minute published by them. 
 
 — - The Countess Waldegrave presented with 
 a portrait of her husband, Mr. Chichester 
 Fortescue, M.P., recently retired from the 
 office of Chief Secretary for Ireland. 
 
 S. — Mr, Fawcett calls the attention of the 
 Commons to the dispute between Mr. Ayrton 
 and Dr. Hooker. At the same sitting Mr. Butt's 
 motion concerning Judge Keogh was rejected 
 by 126 votes to 23. 
 
 — Died, aged 7°> George Godolphin 
 Osborne, Duke of Leeds. 
 
 — Died, £^ed 89, Colonel Thomas S. 
 Begbie, late of the 44th Regiment, a Penin- 
 sular veteran, who had entered the army as 
 early as 1807. 
 
 — Died at Berlin, Dr. Abeken, the Gentz 
 of modern Germany, familiarly known as 
 " Bismarck's pen," and described by the Em- 
 peror as ' ' one of my most trusty counsellors, 
 who stood by me in the most decisive 'moments 
 of my life, and whose loss is to me irreparable." 
 
 9. — Mr. Childers sworn in as Chancellor of 
 the Duchy of Lancaster. 
 
 10. — Parliament proropiedby Commission ; 
 the Royal Speech, in addition to a brief notice 
 of the more important measure-^ passed, making 
 reference to the satisfactory result of the con- 
 troversy raised by the Treaty of Washington 
 and the termination of the commercial treaty 
 with France. It was also intimated that " my 
 Government has taken steps intended to pre- 
 pare the way for dealing more effectually with 
 the slave trade on the east coast of Africa. " 
 Previous to the formality of reading the Speech 
 the Royal assent was given by commission to 
 the Licensing Bill, the Mines Regulation Bill, 
 the Public Health Bill, the Military Forces 
 Localization (Expenses), and other bills. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales places the finish- 
 ing stone of the Breakwater at Weymouth, the 
 first stone of which was laid by the Prince 
 Consort, July 25, 1849. The structure is a 
 great sea-wall 100 feet high from the bottom 
 of the sea, and 300 feet thick at the base, but 
 narrower above, and stretches with a bend 
 towards Weymouth, a mile and five-eighths 
 from the east side of the island of Portland, 
 and shelters from every wind an area of 6, 745 
 acres of water — namely, the space for anchorage 
 or coaling of men-of-war, 1,290 acres outside 
 the five-fathom line, 1,590 acres between three 
 and five fathoms, 1,758 acres between 1 2 feet 
 and 19 feet, and 2,107 acres up to low-water 
 level. The entire structure consists of an inner 
 breakwater, 1,900 feet in length, divided from 
 an outer or isolated breakwater, 6,200 feet in 
 length, by an opening 400 feet wide. The 
 whole is built in nine to ten fat^ oms of water. 
 
 the material used being rough blocks of Port- 
 land stone, quarried by convicts from the neigh- 
 bouring shore. 
 
 10. — Marine Aquarium at Brighton opened 
 by the Mayor of the borough. At the luncheon 
 given afterwards in the Pavilion, Dr. Carpenter 
 urged that the aquarium should be made a 
 marine observatory in the interest of science. 
 It was, he said, what naturalists had long 
 wanted, and if properly managed would do 
 much to advance the study of marine zoology. 
 
 11. — Died, aged 78 years, Prince Gholam 
 Mahomed, K. C.S.I. , last surviving son of 
 Tippoo Sultan. 
 
 — Died, aged 75 years. Sir Andrew Smith, 
 K.C.B., Director-General of the Army Medical 
 Department, 1851-58. 
 
 12. — The Japanese Envoy presented to the' 
 Queen at Windsor. 
 
 — Died, Rev. Dr. Walsh, Roman Catholic 
 Bishop of Ossory, defendant in the case of 
 O'Keefe v. Walsh. 
 
 — Disorderly gathering of women at Low 
 Green, Workington, Cumberland, to protest 
 against the price of butcher's meat. 
 
 — James Flynn, sentenced to death at 
 the last Manchester Assizes for the murder of 
 Johanna Nairn at Oldham, commits suicide in 
 the county prison by starving himself. 
 
 — Charles Holmes, a labourer at Broms- 
 grove, executed at Worcester for the murder 
 of his wife, whom, during their four years of 
 married life, he had treated with systematic 
 brutality. 
 
 13. — :Triple execution within the walls of 
 Maidstone gaol : viz., Francis Bradford, who 
 murdered one of his comrades at Dover j 
 Thomas Moore, who murdered his wife at 
 Ashford ; and James Tooth, the murderer of 
 a drummer boy at the Marine Barracks, Chat- 
 ham. The three men were tried, convicted, 
 and sentenced to deali by Mr. Baron Bram- 
 well at the recent summer assizes at Maidstone. 
 Tooth and Moore died instantly, but Bradford, 
 being lighter, struggled for nearly ten minutes. 
 Christopher Edwards was also executed within 
 Stafford prison for the murder of his wife at 
 Willenhall. 
 
 — Mr. G. Gilbert Scott, architect, gazetted 
 a knight. 
 
 — A woman named 'Venables, living in 
 Roman Road, Islington, with a cabman named 
 Chatterton, murders her daughter, apparently 
 under a fit of terror at apprehended ill-usage. 
 She v^as tried on the 21st, and found guilty of 
 murder, but recommended to mercy. 
 
 14. — Inauguration of the fountain erected in 
 the West-end Park, Glasgow, to commemorate 
 the introduction of the. Loch Katrine water 
 supply and the services rendered in connection 
 with that great work by the late Lord Provost 
 Stewart. 
 
 /9 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1872. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 14. — The Queen arrives in Edinburgh for 
 a stay of three days. 
 
 — The British Association met at Brighton 
 under the presidency of Dr. Carpenter, who 
 delivered an address having reference chiefly 
 to the mental processes by which are formed 
 the fundamental conceptions of matter and 
 force, of cause and effect, of law and order, . 
 the basis of all exact scientific reasoning. To 
 set up those sequences, he said, which we 
 call laws as self-acting, either excluding or 
 rendering unnecessary the power which alone 
 could give them effect, appeared to him as 
 arrogant as it was unphilosophical. Modem 
 science, fixing its attention exclusively on the 
 order of nature, had separated itself wholly 
 from theology, whose function it was to seek 
 after its cause, and herein science was justified ; 
 , but when science assumed to set up its own 
 conception of the order of nature as a sufficient 
 account of its cause, it was invading a province 
 of thought to which it had no claim. 
 
 15.— Died, aged 73, Dr. F. C. Skey, 
 Demonstrator, Lecturer, and latterly Professor 
 of Anatomy, and President for a time of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons. 
 
 . — The first Parliamentary contest under 
 the Ballot Act takes place at Pontefract, Mr. 
 Childers, the new Chancellor of the Duchy of 
 Ijancaster, receiving 658 votes against 578 given 
 to Lord PoUington, presently professing Con- 
 servative principles, but in 1868 said to have 
 sought an alliance with his present opponent on 
 Liberal views. 
 
 16. — Commencement of a week's rioting 
 between the Orangemen and Catholics of Bel- 
 fast. Public-houses were sacked, workpeople 
 mobbed, and Protestants in considerable num- 
 bers driven forcibly out of Catholic districts. 
 On the 2 1st a policeman named Moore was 
 shot, and several Catholic schools sacked. 
 
 — Mr. Stanley details to a crowded and 
 enthusiastic meeting at Brighton his travels in 
 search of Dr. Livingstone, and their happy 
 termination in the discovery, at Ujiji, of the pale, 
 careworn, grey-headed old man "dressed in a 
 red shirt and crimson jo-ho, with a gold band 
 round his cap, an old tweed pair of pants, 
 and his shoes looking the worse for wear." 
 The ex-Emperor Napoleon was among the 
 audience, composed for the most part of mem- 
 bers of the British Association. 
 
 19. — In the course of a missionary speech 
 at Carlisle the Archbishop of Canterbury re- 
 ferred to the many natives of heathen lands to 
 be seen in London, at the Queen's levees, at 
 the Temple, and at the Eastern Homes, insist- 
 ing that unless steps were taken for converting 
 them the likelihood was that these heathen 
 would be converting us. " I am almost," said 
 his Grace, "afraid to say it, but I cannot help 
 thinking that this great proximity of the East 
 to ourselves has somehow or other infected the 
 jhilosophy on v/hich the young men feed in 
 our great seminaries of learning, and that men 
 80 
 
 of learning, from rubbing shoulders with men 
 who altogether disbelieve in Christianity, have 
 more toleration for that denial than they had in 
 the olden times ; and that systems which have 
 existed for centuries in the ex'treme lands of 
 heathenism are finding some sort of echo even 
 among the literature and philosophy of this 
 Christian country." 
 
 20. — Died in Glasgow, advanced in years, 
 William Miller, known in Scotland as the 
 "Nursery Poet." 
 
 21. — Murder and attempted suicide in a 
 house of ill-fame in Langton Street, Chelsea, 
 by two young Germans named May and Nagel, 
 natives of Berlin, the latter, by mutual arrange- 
 ment it was presumed, shooting himself through 
 the heart after seriously wounding his friend. 
 
 22. — Prince Milan Obrenovitch IV. ascends 
 the throne of Servia in succession to Prince 
 Michel assassinated four years since. 
 
 — The failure announced of the old firm of 
 Gledstanes and Co., East India merchants, 
 Austinfriars, with liabilities set dovra at 
 
 I-,722,235/. 
 
 23. — Mary Ann Cotton, "the poisoner," 
 committed for trial by the Bishop-Auckland 
 magistrates on the charge of murdering her 
 stepson with intent to defraud a burial society. 
 
 24. — Attempt by J. B. Johnson to swim 
 from Dover to Calais ; failed after two experi- 
 ments, when the circulation was so low as to 
 compel his friencjs to lift him into the steam- 
 tender. 
 
 — The Pacific Mail Company's steamer 
 America destroyed by fire in the harbour of 
 Yokohama ; between sixty and seventy passen- 
 gers, mostly Chinese labourers, were killed, 
 and a valuable cargo from San Francisco 
 destroyed. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales visits M. Thiers 
 at his marine residence at Trouville, where the 
 President had been staying since the breaking 
 up of the Assembly. 
 
 — Died, aged 65 years, Nathaniel Beard- 
 more, civil engineer. 
 
 27. ^Following up the remarks of the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury on "the heathen"in Lon- 
 don, S. B. Thakur, a Hindoo student, writes to 
 the Times : — "It is possible that the fears of the 
 Primate were groundless ; but there is every 
 reason to believe that Eastern philosophy and 
 literature will exercise a very great and bene- 
 ficial influence on English thought, because 
 Arabic and Sanskrit— two out of the three most 
 important languages of Asia — are being studied 
 at the Universities of this country— the former 
 by the students of theology as being indispen- 
 sable to a critical acquaintance with Hebrew ; 
 the latter by classical scholars, as being abso- 
 lutely necessary to a sound scholarship in Greek, 
 Latin, and philological lore. Thus a day will 
 come when our philosophers and logicians will 
 be eagerly studied by the English youth, just as 
 Aristotle and Plato are." 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 27. — The Queen presents Mr. Stanley with 
 a snuff-box and a letter thanking him for his 
 services in connection with the discovery of Dr. 
 Livingstone. The young traveller afterwards 
 visited the Queen at Dunrobin. 
 
 — Fire at Kentish Town railway station, 
 destroying the upper part of the premises and 
 some adjoining properties.'- 
 
 — The Spanish steamer Persevei'anza 
 wrecked near Oporto, and thirty of those on 
 
 ^oard drowned. 
 
 28. — The residence of Mr. Panizzi, at 
 Sydenham, attacked by burglars, and one of 
 the servants of the family injured in a fight 
 which ensued. 
 
 29. — Termination of the strike of London 
 carpenters. 
 
 — The Archbishop of York preaches a ser- 
 mon in connection with the 6oo(h anniversary 
 of^ the hospital at Greatham, near Stockton- 
 on-Tees. 
 
 31. — Mr. Speaker Brand, addressing his 
 tenants on the estate of Glynde, proposes to 
 give labourers a share in farming profits pro- 
 portionate to the amount of capital they were 
 able to invest. " If you have got 5/.," he said, 
 "in the savings bank, and you would like to lend 
 it to my farming business, I will engage to give 
 you, as the savings-bank does, 2\ per cent, for 
 the money ; and I will do more than that. I 
 will — supposing the profits of the farm exceed 
 2.\ per cent, for the money I have invested 
 — ^give you precisely the same interest upon the 
 capital you lend me. That is to say, supposing 
 I get 10 per cent, as profit ou the capital I have 
 invested, you shall have 10 per cent, on your 
 5/. instead of 24. So, you see, you will be in 
 this position — that you will never get less than 
 the 24 per cent, you receive now, and if the 
 farm yields more you will have the benefit of 
 it. I am quite sure of this, that we shall never 
 come to a satisfactory settlement of the relation 
 between employer and employed until the latter, 
 according to the amoimt of capital and labour 
 he has invested, has an interest in the good 
 conduct of the concern. My sole object is to 
 give you a personal pecuniary interest in the 
 conduct of the farm, and to endeavour to raise 
 you a little above the position you now occupy 
 as labourers." 
 
 Septetu'oer 2. — Consulted on the disputes 
 between the Rugby masters, the Attorney- 
 General writes that "it seems to him equally 
 strange and deplorable that a head master 
 should gravely put forward such matters as had 
 been submitted to justify the virtual dismissal 
 and possible ruin of a gentleman of ability and 
 education engaged with him in teaching. The 
 evidence is of the vaguest sort. There is abso- 
 lutely nothing to connect Mr. Scott with Mr. 
 ICynnersley's expressions, except the inferences 
 of Dr. Hayman and Mr. B. Mr. Scott, I 
 understand, denies that his letters were hostile 
 
 to Dr. Hayman ; and it is in my judgment in- 
 tolerable that a gentleman should be brought to' 
 book and threatened with dismissal because he 
 has written to his relation as to what is going 
 on at his school, and that relation has made 
 strong comments on the head master. If this 
 were permitted by the governing body to affect 
 their minds, I cannot but observe that the posi- 
 tion of an assistant-master at Rugby School, 
 under such conditions, is not one which they 
 can expect a gentleman with the feelings of a 
 gentleman to undertake." 
 
 2. — International Congress of workmen 
 opened at the Hague. 
 
 3. — Fire in Canterbury Cathedral, origi- 
 nating, it was thought, in the carelessness of 
 workmen engaged in repairing the lead roof of 
 the fabric. Owing to the scarcity of water, 
 about 1 50 feet of the roof was consumed before 
 the flames could be got imder. The shrine 
 of Thomas k Becket, together with the interest- 
 ing portion of the edifice known as Becket's 
 Corner and the tomb of the Black Prince, 
 were in imminent danger; telegrams, indeed, 
 at one period giving little hope of saving any 
 portion of the magnificent fabric. 
 
 — Father Hyacinthe married at the Mary- 
 lebone Registrar's office to Mrs. Merriman. 
 
 4-. — The Hungarian Diet opened by the 
 emperor. 
 
 — A company of Mormons, numbering five 
 hundred and ninety, leave Liverpool in the 
 Minnesota for New \ ork on their way to 
 Utah. 
 
 — Heavy thunderstorm in the northern and 
 western counties, with loss of several lives. At 
 Liskeard the telegraph office M'as destroyed by 
 lightning. 
 
 5. — Alice Blanche Oswald, an American 
 governess, aged twenty years, commits suicide 
 by throwing herself off Waterloo Bridge into 
 the Thames. She rose more than once scream- 
 ing frantically, and seemed to be swimming, 
 but sank twice before the Thames police-boat 
 could reach her. She was well dressed. In 
 her pocket was found a purse containing a half- 
 penny, a duplicate for a shawl pledged for 2j-., 
 a wedding ring, a small box key, a dress 
 ring with white stones, a pair of gilt ear- 
 rings, small brooch, and a locket containing 
 the miniature of a gentleman ; also several 
 papers, and addresses of the American Minis- 
 ter, Consul, and others. At the inquest a 
 letter written by deceased was read explaining 
 the motives compelling her to self-destruc- 
 tion : — " Alone in London, not a penny or a 
 friend to advise or lend a helping hand, tired 
 and weary with looking for something to do, 
 failing in every way, footsore and heart-weary, 
 I prefer death to the dawning of another 
 wretched morning. I have only been in Britain 
 nine weeks . . . Oh, God of heaven, have 
 mercy on a poor helpless sinner ; Thou knowest 
 how I have striven against this, but fate ii 
 against me. I cannot tread the path of sin, 
 
 Q ■ 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 for my dead mother will be watching me. 
 Fatherless, motherless, home I have none. Oh 
 for the rarity of Christian hearts. I am now 
 mad ; for days I have foreseen that this would 
 be the end. May all who hear of my death 
 forgive me, and may God Almighty do so, 
 before whose bar I must soon appear. Fare- 
 well to all, to this beautiful, and yet wretched 
 world. — Alice Blanche Oswald. . I am twenty 
 years of age, the i4thof this month." The jury 
 returned a verdict of " Suicide while in a state 
 of temporary insanity. " 
 
 5. — Foundation-stone laid of new harbour 
 works at St. Helier's, Jersey. 
 
 6. — The Queen arrives at Dunrobin on a visit 
 to the Duke of Sutherland ; and during her 
 stay lays the foundation-stone of a monument 
 in honour of the late Duche.ss. 
 
 — Explosion in the mixing-house of Curtis 
 and Harvey's Hounslow powder works, causing 
 serious damage to the works and the death of 
 five people employed therein. 
 
 7. — Conference at Berlin between the 
 Emperors of Austria, Germany, and Russia, 
 attended with great military display, and 
 torchlight "tattoo" in the evening. 
 
 — ■ Commencement of the Autumn Military 
 Manoeuvres at Wimborne and Blandford 
 Downs, under the command of Generals Sir 
 John Michel and Sir Robert Walpole. 
 
 8. — Died, aged 80, Rev. Dr. Bisset, 
 minister of Bourtie, formerly Moderator of the 
 General Assembly, and in early life teacher at 
 Udny Grammar School, where he had for 
 pupils lads so well known afterwards as Sir 
 James Outram, Dr. Joseph Robertson, and Dr. 
 Hill Burton. 
 
 9. — The State elections in Maine carried by 
 the Republicans. 
 
 11. — Social Science Congress opened at 
 Plymouth by the President for the year, Lord 
 Napier and Ettrick. 
 
 12. — Replying to an address from English 
 Protestants expressive of sympathy in his strug- 
 gle with the Ultramontanes, Prince Piismarck 
 writes ; — "I am glad that I agree with you in 
 the principle that, in a well-regulated commu- 
 nity, every person, to whatever profession of 
 faith he may belong, should enjoy that amount 
 of freedom which is compatible with the 
 liberty and security of others and the inde- 
 pendence of the country. In the battle for 
 this principle God will protect the German 
 Empire from opponents who take His name 
 as a mask for their enmity aga inst our peace 
 at home." 
 
 — The Autumn manoeuvres closed by a 
 "march past " at Beacon Hill, near Amesbury. 
 
 13. — A sermon on St. Bartholomew's Day, 
 preached by Dean Stanley in Mr. Boyd's 
 church, St. Andrew's, having recalled attention 
 to the controversy regarding the approval said to 
 have been expressed by t'ope Gregory XHI., 
 
 Dr. Newman now writes to the Times : — 
 " Craft and cruelty, and whatever is base and 
 wicked, have a sure Nemesis, and eventually 
 strike the heads of those who are guilty of 
 them. Whether in matter of fact Pope Gre- 
 gory XIII. had a share in the guilt of the St. 
 Bartholomew Massacre must be proved to me 
 before I believe it. It is commonly said in 
 his defence that he had an untrue, one-sided 
 account of the matter presented to him, and 
 acted on misinformation. This involves a 
 question of fact, which historians must decide. 
 But, even if they decide against the Pope, his 
 Infallibility is in no respect compromised. 
 Infallibility is not Impeccability. Even Caia- 
 phas prophesied, and Gregory XIII. was not 
 quite a Caiaphas." 
 
 13. — Replying to a criticism by Mr. Capes, 
 Dr. Newman writes : — " He assumes that I did 
 not hold or profess the doctrine of the Pope's 
 Infallibility till the time of the Vatican Council, 
 whereas I have committed myself to it in print 
 again and again, from 1845 '" 1867. And, on 
 the other hand, as it so happens — though I 
 hold it as I ever have done — I have had no 
 occasion to profess it, whether in print or other- 
 vrise, since that date. Anyone who knows 
 my writings will recollect that in so saying I 
 state the simple fact. The surprise and distress 
 I felt at the definition was no personal matter, 
 but was founded on serious reasons of which I 
 feel the force still." In another letter to the 
 Guardian Dr. Newman vnrites : " It is true I 
 was deeply, though not personally, pained both 
 by the fact and by the circumstances of the 
 definition ; and, when it was in contemplation, 
 I wrote a most confidential letter, which was 
 surreptitiously gained and published, but of 
 which I have not a word to retract. The feel- 
 ings of surprise and concern expressed in that 
 letter have nothing to do with a screwing one's 
 conscience to profess what one does not believe, 
 which is Mr. Capes's pleasant account of me. 
 He ought to know better." 
 
 — Two sisters, Alice and Jane M'Cullnch, 
 drowned off Cumbrae in the Firth of Clyde, by 
 the upsetting of a pleasure-boat in a squall. 
 
 — Paris papers contain the text of a judg- 
 ment delivered in the Brest scandal case, con- 
 cerning the Jesuit Father Dufour and the Vis- 
 comtesse de Vielmont. The judgment pointed 
 out that the case for the prosecution rested 
 entirely on the evidence of the guard of the 
 train, and that his statements were inconsisti nt 
 with each other, and, in some particulars 
 specified, not conceivably true. The accused 
 were therefore entirely acquitted of the charge 
 of indecency. At the same time, the judgment 
 observed that the defendants had admitted 
 familiarities which were " very reprefhensible." 
 
 14. — Frederick Clapoison, late secretai7 of 
 the London and County Bank, examined at the 
 Mansion House on a cha'^ of forging transfer 
 shares, and committed for trial. On the 25th 
 he was sentenced to five years' penal servitude. 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 14. — The Geneva Court of Arbitration issue 
 an award unanimously finding Great Britain 
 liable for the acts committed by the Alabama ; 
 by a majority of the Italian, Swiss, Brazilian, 
 and United States arbitrators against the arbi- 
 trator appointed by Great Britain, they find 
 Great Britain liable for the acts committed by 
 the Florida ; and by a majority of the Italian, 
 Swiss, and United States arbitrators against 
 the arbitrators appointed by Great Britain and 
 Brazil, they find Great Britain liable for the 
 acts committed by the Shtnandoah after leaving 
 Melbourne. They unanimously decided that, 
 in the cases in which Great Britain was held 
 responsible, the acts of the tenders should be 
 considered to follow the judgment given in 
 regard to the cruisers to which they were 
 attached. They decided that Great Britain 
 was not responsible for the acts committed by 
 the Georgia, or by any of the other Confede- 
 rate cruisers except the three above named. 
 They rejected altogether the claim of the 
 United States Government for expenditure 
 incurred in pursuit and capture of the cruisers. 
 They decided tliat interest should be allowed, 
 and have awarded a gross sum of 15,500,000 
 dollars in gold (about 3,22,9,166/. 131-. 4^. ) in 
 satisfaction and final settlement of all claims, 
 including interest. The amount of the claims 
 preferred before the Tribunal, as appears from 
 the Revised Statement of Claims presented on 
 the part of the United States in April last, was 
 19,739,095 dollars in gold, to which was added 
 a claim for expenses of pursuit and capture to 
 the amount of 7,080,478 dollars, with interest 
 at 7 per cent, on the whole amount for about 
 ten years, or, in all, 45,500,000 dollars in gold 
 (or about 9,479,166/. 13J. 4//.) This award 
 was signed by all the arbitrators except Sir A. 
 Cockburn. 
 
 Disturbance at Oxford in connection with 
 
 the carrying out of the early closing clauses of 
 the Li9ensing Act. 
 
 — Died at Nuremberg, aged 69, Lud- 
 wig Feuerbach, author of "Das Wesen der 
 Religion," and numerous other philosophical 
 works. 
 
 — M. Edmond About arrested by Germans 
 at his private residence, Saverne, the alleged 
 oiTence being seditious speaking and writing. 
 He was liberated in a few days, 
 
 15. — In opening the Cortes, King Victor 
 Amadeus described the Carlist insurrection as 
 almost at an end, and promised to despatch to 
 Cuba all the military .strength necessary to sup- 
 press the insurrection ; "and when that end is 
 attained bills would be introduced, specially 
 intended for that dependency, relative to 
 finances, justice, commerce, the army, and 
 public instruction." 
 
 — Died, aged 73, Rev. Wm. Anderson, 
 LL.D., a well-known Glasgow preacher. 
 
 — Ghent files attended by a number of 
 • English volunteer commanders. 
 
 83 • 
 
 17. — Died, aged 8r, Joseph Johnson, fifty 
 years since an active associate of Hunt, Cob- 
 bett, and Bamford, and who had undergone 
 two years' imprisonment as one of the leaders 
 at Peterloo, 
 
 18. — Died at Malmb, aged 46, Charles XV. 
 King of Sweden and Norway. Prince Regent 
 Oscar was proclaimed as Oscar II. 
 
 19. — Rouudhay Park, Leeds, opened by 
 Prince Arthur. Next day he laid the founda- 
 tion stone of the New Exchange. 
 
 — M. Thiers sets out for Paris from 
 Trouville, whej-e he had been honoured by the 
 presence of French and English war ships, 
 
 20. — Captain Burton, formerly of Damascus, 
 gazetted to be her Majesty's Consul at Trieste. 
 
 — Old Catholic Congress at Cologne 
 opened. One motion submitted expressed a 
 desire that the Governments of Germany, Aus- 
 tria, and Switzerland will : — i. Regard the 
 Catholics adhering to the Old Catholic Church, 
 and who reject the Vatican decrees as innova- 
 tions, as members of the Church recognized by 
 the State, and protect them as such ; 2, Deem 
 the bishops recognizing the Vatican innovations 
 and their organs as having no right of jurisdic- 
 tion over the Old Catholics, who, moreover, 
 are declared in the Vatican decrees not to be- 
 long to the New Catholic sect. 
 
 22. — Liberal gathering at Antwerp known 
 as the "Banquet des Gueux," or Beggars' 
 League, a name assumed in honour of an an- 
 cient confederation of noblemen, who in the 
 middle of the sixteenth century received this 
 contemptuous designation fiom Margaret of 
 Parma. They vowed that they would make 
 the name respected, and the " IJeggars " soon 
 afterwards revolted and drove the Spaniards 
 from the Netherlands. 
 
 — Preparations for a banquet to M. Gam- 
 betta at Chambery suddenly stopped. 
 
 23. — Died, aged 66, her Serene High- 
 ness the Princess Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 
 daughter of the Duchess of Kent, (by her first 
 marriage with Emich Charles, reigning Prince 
 of Leiningen), and half-sister of Queen Victoria. 
 
 — Partial strike of London bakers. 
 
 24. — A supplement to the Gazette sets forth 
 the judgment and award of the Geneva Tribunal 
 of Arbitration, the reasons of Lord Chief Jus- 
 tice Cockburn for dissenting from it, and the 
 " opinions " presented during the progress of 
 the cise by Count Sclopis, the Viscount Itajuba, 
 M.. Staempfli, and Mr. Adams. Sir Alexandef 
 Cockburn s judgment was of a most elaborate 
 character, and filled 250 pages. Writing of 
 the alleged unfriendly feeling said to have been 
 shown by Great Britain to tlie United States, 
 Sir Alexander explained that a strong impres- 
 sion could not fail to be produced on the public 
 mind by the energy, determination, and courage 
 displayed by the South, and the generous ardour 
 with which its population risked hfe and fortune 
 G2 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1877. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 in the desperate struggle for national independ- 
 ence, so resolutely maintained to the last against 
 infinitely superior force. " Whatever the cause 
 in which they are exhibited, devotion and cou- 
 rage will ever command respect ; and they did 
 so in this instance. Men could not see in the 
 united people of these vast provinces, thus risk- 
 ing all in the cause of nationality and independ- 
 ence, the common case of rebels, disturbing 
 peace and order on account of imaginary griev- 
 ances, or actuated by the desire of overthrowing 
 a Government in order to rise upon its ruins. 
 They gave credit to the statesmen and war- 
 riors of the South — their cause might be right 
 or wrong — for the higher motives which ennoble 
 political action ; and all the opprobrious terms 
 which might be heaped upon the cause in which 
 he fell, could not persuade the world that the 
 earth beneath which Stonewall Jackson rests 
 does not cover the remains of a patriot arid 
 a hero." Again, defending Earl Russell: — 
 " When the history of Great Britain during the 
 nineteenth century shall be written, not only 
 will there be hone among the statesmen who 
 have adorned it whose name will be associated 
 with greater works in the onward path of poli- 
 t cal progress than that of Earl Russell, but 
 there will be none to whom, personally, an 
 admiring posterity will look back with greater 
 veneration and respect. That this distinguished 
 man should feel deeply aggrieved by the un- 
 worthy attack thus made on the Government 
 of which he was a leading member, and on 
 himself personally, it is easy to understand ; 
 but there are ati acks which recoil upon those 
 who make them ; and of this nature are asper- 
 sions on the honesty and sincerity of Earl 
 Russell." Sir Alexander concurred with his 
 colleagues as to the Alabama, though not for 
 the same reasons, but protested against the 
 allowance of interest and the amount of it. 
 He concluded by expressing an earnest hope 
 that the decision will be accepted by the British 
 people " with the submission and respect which 
 is due to the decision of a tribunal by whose 
 award it has freely consented to abide." 
 
 26. — Acknowledging the gift of the freedom 
 of the city of Glasgow, Mr. Lowe censures 
 Sir Alexander Cockburn for publishing his 
 "reasons" for differing with the other arbi- 
 trators. " I very much regret," he said, "that 
 my learned friend the Lord Chief Justice did 
 not take the course of simply signing the award 
 with the other arbitrators, it being perfectly 
 well known that he differed from them in 
 certain respects which would appear by the 
 transaction or the award. When the thing is 
 decided, and when we are bound to act upon 
 it, and when we are not really justified in any 
 feeling, I think, of honour or good faith, in 
 making any reclamation or quarrel at all with 
 what has iSeen done in such circumstances, I 
 think it is a great pity that he should have 
 have thought it his duty to stir up and renew 
 the strong arguments and contes's, on which the 
 arbitrators had decided. At any rate, I think 
 84 
 
 if it was his opinion that we ought to acquiesce 
 quietly and without murmur in the award, he 
 had better not have published his arguments. 
 If he had thought it right to publish his argu- 
 ments he had better have retrenched his 
 advice." 
 
 26. — M. Gambetta delivers a speech at 
 Grenoble, in which he demands the dissolu- 
 tion of the Assembly, and expresses his distrust 
 of " Republicans of the eleventh hour." Let 
 us, he said, have no renegades in our ranks, 
 and nothing to do with chiefs who now come 
 over to us. 
 
 28. — Sir Sydney Waterlow elected Lord 
 Mayor of London. 
 
 29. — ReV. Wm. Brock, D.D., retires from 
 the Baptist Chapel, Bloomsbury, where he had 
 ministered for twenty-five years. 
 
 30. — Close of the "option" in Alsace- 
 Lorraine, when 88,000 emigrants are reported 
 to have passed through Nancy. 
 
 October I. — Disestablishment Conference 
 at Birmingham, called to induce Liberal leaders 
 to adopt a new creed demanding immediate 
 action against the National Churches of England 
 and Scotland. Mr. Miall argued that Noncon- 
 formists should move every stone in order that 
 the principle may be thoroughly well repre- 
 sented in the next Parliament, but he did not 
 think that in every place, and especially in 
 county constituencies, they should lay it down 
 as a general rule that if they could not have a 
 man purely avowing the principle of disestab- 
 lishment, they should let the next general elec- 
 tion go in favour of the Conservative party. 
 They must not separate themselves altogether 
 from the Liberal party on this question until 
 they were prepared to do far more than they 
 could do now. 
 
 — Lord Hatherley having resolved upon 
 retiring from the woolsack, the Attorney- 
 General, Sir Roundel! Palmer, is generally 
 mentioned as his probable successor. 
 
 — Died, aged 63, the Right Rev. Dr. Gray, 
 Bishop of Capetown and Metropolitan of South 
 Africa. 
 
 2.— The Escurial, built by Philip IT. of 
 Spain in honour of St. Lawrence, struck by- 
 lightning, and partly consumed. 
 
 — Eleven persons killed and many injured 
 by the Scotch express from London running 
 into a mineral train while some waggons were 
 being shunted at the Kirtlebridge station of tlie 
 Caledonian Railway. The first passenger car- 
 riage was not much injured, but the next three 
 were broken up, and most of the killed found 
 among the fragments. The stationmaster 
 Currie was arrested pending an inquiry as to 
 the position and working of the signals, and 
 afterwards committed for trial on the double 
 charge of culpable homicide and wilful viola- 
 tion of duty. An official report desciibed four 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 0C7CBSR 
 
 causes as contributing to the accident : the 
 forgetfulness of tlie stationmaster ; the want of 
 interloclced points and signals, worked from a 
 properly placed cabin ; the absence not only of 
 a telegraphic block system, but even of any 
 telegraphic warning of the approach of the 
 delayed train ; and the unpunciuality of the 
 passenger train. Captain Tyler said there was 
 no blame to be attributed to the railway ser- 
 vants with the passenger train. The whole onus 
 of the accident rested with the stationmaster, 
 who was represented to be a very careful and 
 hard- worked man ; but if the particular points, 
 the moving of which was the cause of the acci- 
 dent, had been interlocked with signals, it 
 would have been impossible for the station- 
 master or anyone else to cause the accident. 
 This, and neither the block system nor notice 
 by telegraph, was. Captain Tyler asserted, the 
 precaution which was really required to pre- 
 vent the accident. During the year 1871, out 
 of 159 accidents, 53 were caused by the want of 
 locking or other defective signal arrangements, 
 and during the year 1870, out of 122 accidents, 
 60 were caused by the same means. 
 
 2. — Mr. Justice Willes commits suicide by 
 shooting himself in his bedroom, at Otterspool, 
 near Watford, where he was spending the vaca- 
 tion. On the afternoon of the 1st, his clerk 
 noticed the Judge looking miserable and de- 
 pressed, and complaining of want of sleep. This 
 morning about two o'clock he heard a fall and 
 a scream in the direction of the Judge's room, 
 and on entering found hira lying wounded on 
 the floor slightly conscious. He survived 
 only a few minutes. Other evidence given at 
 the coroner's inquest showed that the deceased 
 had long been suffering from ailments demand- 
 ing rest and relaxation. Mr. Justice Willes 
 was born in 1814, called to the bar of the 
 Inner Temple in 1840, when he went the 
 Home Circuit; in 1850 he, was appointed a 
 member of the Common Law Commission, and 
 raised to the bench as puisne judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas in 1855. 
 
 — Mr. Butt addresses his- constituents at 
 Limerick on Home Rule, pressing it as the 
 duty of the Irish people to present to England 
 the offer of a federal union under which they 
 should have the full right of managing all Irish 
 affairs, while they were willing to join with 
 England on equal terms in the management of 
 Imperial affairs. As to how he expected to 
 obtain Home Rule, Mr. Butt said the next 
 general election would, if Irishmen were true, 
 give them from seventy to eighty members 
 pledged to Home Rule. He thought in his 
 conscience that if they returned eighty mem- 
 bers pledged to Home Rule, the cause was 
 won. He believed, he said, the great majo- 
 rity of the Irish people would be perfectly 
 satisfied with a form of government that would - 
 give them the perfect and free management of 
 their own affairs ; and that if the people of 
 Ireland demanded separation, it was because 
 they thought that was the only way of gaining 
 independence. 
 
 — Died at Walmer, aged 86, Field-Marshal 
 Sir George Pollock, G.C.B., Constable of the 
 Tower, and engaged in important services in 
 Nepaul in 1817, and Afghanistan in 1842-3, 
 when he forced the Khyber Pass, and relieved 
 the garrison at Jellalabad. He routed the 
 Afghan?, released the prisoners, and carried 
 the English flag in triumph to Cabul. (See p. 
 119.) For these services Sir George received 
 the thanks of both Houses of Parliatnent, and 
 was made first a member of the Supreme 
 Council of India, and then a Crown member • 
 of the Court of Directors. Sir George was 
 buried with honour in Westminster Abbey on 
 the I 6th. 
 
 — Died, aged 65, Lieutenant-Colonel Robert 
 Wylie, late Military Secretary to the Govern- 
 ment of India. 
 
 6. • — Religious ceremony at Lourdes, in 
 honour of the appearance of the Virgin, at- 
 tended by 40,000 "pilgrims" from all parts of 
 France. 
 
 7. — Explosion in the Deep Pit of Marley 
 Colliery, near Dewsbury, causing the death of 
 thirty-four workmen out of forty-five employed 
 in the seam where the accident occurred. The 
 origin of the calamity was ascribed to the 
 incautious use of matches by several of the 
 miners to light their pipes. 
 
 8. — The State elections in Peimsylvania, 
 Ohio, Indiana, and Nebraska carried by Re- 
 publicans. 
 
 — The twelfth Church Congress opened at 
 Leeds, under the presidency of the Bishop of 
 Ripon. A stormy discussion took place on 
 the loth, on " The just principle of the Church's 
 comprehensiveness in matters of doctrine and 
 ritual," when a member present, who described 
 himself as belonging to the Protestant Reformed 
 Church of England, mentioned other speakers 
 as talking like Roman Catholics. Scores of 
 clergymen bawled and gesticulated, and the 
 President for some time could neither direct 
 nor check the disorder. 
 
 11. — Republican rising at Ferrol, in Spam. 
 
 — Died, aged 66, his Excellency Baron 
 de Beaulieu, Belgian Minister at the Court of 
 St. James's. 
 
 — Bonds and coupons to the amount of 
 40,000/. stolen from the house of John Allan, 
 Derby -Terrace, Glasgow, during the absence 
 of the family. The theft was afterwards traced 
 to a man named Eraser, and the bonds re- 
 covered in a quarry on the Gareloch. 
 
 12. — On the subject of Home Rule for 
 Ireland Earl Russell writes: — "I fear, if an 
 Irish Parliament is set up in Ireland, all her 
 energies will be wasted in political contention. 
 I therefore wish to divert the forces which 
 might give heat and comfort instead of con- 
 centrating them in a manner to produce a 
 conflagration. This is the more necessary, as 
 the Irish nature is so very inflammable lliat it 
 85 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 prefers a bonfire to the warmth of a moderate 
 fire. I fear, however, that wisdom will be 
 wanting both in England and Ireland." 
 
 IS. — Died, aged 70, Vladimir Dahl, com- 
 piler of a " Dictionary of the Living Russian 
 Tongue," and historian of Muscovite folk-lore. 
 
 — Prince Napoleon expelled from France 
 by order of M. Thiers. He arrived at Geneva 
 under an escort next day. 
 
 13. — Died at Kilmoran Castle, aged 79, 
 Sir David Baxter, a generous Dundee mer- 
 chant. 
 
 — Died, aged 77, Albany William Fon- 
 blanque, formerly . proprietor and editor of 
 the Examinrr, and latterly head of the Statis- 
 tical Department of the Board of Trade. 
 
 14. — Mr. J. S. Mill, writing from Avignon, 
 explains to a Nottingham association his views 
 on their programme descrilwd in " The Law of 
 the Revolution." *' There is no real thing 
 called 'the- revolution,' nor any 'principles of 
 the revolution.' There are maxims which your 
 association, in my opinion, rightly considers to 
 be essential to just government ; and there is 
 a tendency, increasing as mankind advances in 
 intelligence and education, towards the adoption 
 of the doctrines of just government. These are 
 all the facts there are in the case^ and the more 
 clearly and unambiguously these, and nothing 
 but these, are stated, the better people will 
 understand one another, and the more dis- 
 tinctly they will see what they are disputing 
 atout and what they are avowed to prove. . . . 
 I cannot conclude without expressing the great 
 pleasure with which I have seen the full and 
 thoroughgoing recognition by your body of the 
 claim of women to equal rights in every respect 
 with men, and of minorities, proportionately to 
 their numbers with majorities, audits advocacy 
 of the federal principle for tlie security of this 
 last." 
 
 — Opening of the new Japan railway from 
 Jeddo to Yokohama. 
 
 15. — In the course of an audience at 
 Balmoral, Lord Hatherley formally surrenders 
 the Great Seal, and is succeeded by Sir R. 
 Palmer, now Lord Selbome. In taking leave 
 of his constituents at Richmond, the latter 
 wrote: — "In the high office to which her 
 Majesty has been pleased to call me I trust I 
 may be enabled, by God's blessing, so to act 
 as not to forfeit your good opinion, nor give 
 you any cause to regret that my name has 
 been so long associated with the borough of 
 Richniiond." 
 
 — Died, aged 49, Rev. John Purc'ias, of 
 St. James's Chapel, Brighton, a ritualist leader 
 whose case had repeatedly occupied the atten- 
 tion of the Judicial Committee of Privy 
 Council. 
 
 — Died,-somewhat unexpectedly, the Countess 
 of Shaftesbury, eldest daughter of the late 
 Viscountess Palmerston, by her first marriage 
 with Earl Cowper. 
 
 86 
 
 15. -^Unveiling of a statue erected to the 
 memory of Sir Humphrey Davy at Penzance, 
 where the great natural philosopher was born 
 in 1778. 
 
 — The Count de Chambord writes to La 
 Rochette from Ebenzweyer : — "As a whole 
 France is Catholic and Monarchical ; it is for us 
 to caution it against errors, to point out the 
 rocks, and to direct It towards the port. I 
 trust that I have never failed in that sacred 
 duty, and no one will ever be able to seduce 
 me from my path. I have not one word to 
 retract, not an act to regret, for they have all 
 been inspired by love of my country ; and I 
 insist upon my share of responsibility in the 
 advice which i give to my friends. The day of 
 triumph is still one of God's secrets, but have 
 confidence in the mission of France. Europe 
 has need of it, the Papacy has need of it, and 
 therefore the old Christian nation cannot 
 perish." 
 
 — Mr. J. A. Fronde, presently lecturing 
 to American audiences on the political relations 
 between England and Ireland, entertained at a 
 banquet in Delmonico's, New York, by literary 
 men and publishers. 
 
 IS. — Foreign Office circular issued to 
 
 Chambers of Commerce explanatory of the 
 
 negotiations with France relative to the new 
 Commercial Treaty. 
 
 — Died at Boston, aged 61, Mrs. Pcrton, 
 sister of N. P. Willis, and widely known in 
 literary circles under the nom de plume of 
 "Fanny Fern." 
 
 — The Emperor of China married at Pekin. 
 There was no public ceremony outside the 
 palace, beyond the procession to bring the 
 bride, the Lady Aluto, daughter of Chungchi, 
 a doctor of the Imperial Academy. 
 
 17. — ^Correspondence with Russia regarding 
 the disputed Afghan boundaries. Earl Gran- 
 ville writes to-day that her Majesty's Govern- 
 ment considers as fully belonging to the Ameer 
 of Cabul (1) Badakshan, with its dependent 
 district of Waldian from the Sarikol (-Woods 
 Lake) on the east to the junction of the Kokcha 
 River with the Oxus (or Penjah), forming the 
 northern boundary of this Afghan province 
 throughout its entire extent. (2) Afghan Tur- 
 kestan, comprising the districts of Kunduz, 
 Khulm, and Balkh, the northern boundary of 
 which would be the line of the Oxus from the 
 junction of the Kokcha River to the post of the 
 Khoja Saleh, inclusive, on the high road from 
 Bokhara to Balkh. Nothing to be claimed by 
 the Afghan A-«ieer on the left bank of the 
 Oxus below K-hoja Saleh. (3) The internal 
 districts of Aksha, Seripool, Maimenat, Shib- 
 berjan, and Andkoi, the latter of which would 
 be the extreme Afghan frontier possession to 
 the north-west, the desert beyond belonging to 
 independent tribes of Turcomans. (4) The 
 western Afghan frontier between the dependen- 
 cies of Herat and those of the Persian province 
 of Khorassan is well known, and need not here 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 be defined. Prince Gortscnakoft's reply to 
 this despatch, of date St. Petersburg, December 
 7, stated that General Kaufmann, owing to 
 various difficulties, had been unable to carry 
 out his investigation as speedily as the Russian 
 no less than the Eritish Government desired. 
 The conclusions drawn by the Russian Govern- 
 ment did not much differ substantially from 
 those of the British Government, but Russia 
 was unable to find any traces of sovereignty 
 exercised by the Ameer of Cabul over Badak- 
 shan and Wakhan ; "on the conti-ary, all our 
 information upon the subject goes to prove that 
 these districts should be regarded as independ- 
 ent." 
 
 17. — Mr. Justice Denman sworn into the 
 vacant judgeship in the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales, now on a visit 
 to the Earl of Tankerville, engages in a wild 
 bull hunt in Chillingham Forest, and brings 
 down with his rifle the king of the herd, about 
 seven years old and weighing upwards of sixty 
 stone. 
 
 — Lord Northbrook holds a public durbar 
 at Umballa. In a brief address the Viceroy 
 refei-red to the loss which the native princes 
 had sustained by the death of Lord Mayo, and 
 thanked them for their prompt action on the 
 occasion of the Kooka outbreak. 
 
 • — A Great Eastern express train runs off 
 the line at a cutting near Kelvedon, killing one 
 person, injuring twenty others, and destroying 
 several carriages. 
 
 — Died suddenly at Campbeltown, Dr. 
 Finlayson, Scotch clergyman. 
 
 18.— Died at Auburn, aged 70, W. H. 
 Seward, late Foreign Secretary for the U nited 
 States. 
 
 — Collision between two mineral trains at 
 Woodhouse Junction, near Sheffield, causing 
 the death of an engine driver and stoker, with 
 great damage to rolling stock. 
 
 19. — A man and woman, names unknown, 
 found dead in their lodgings in Golden Square. 
 A phial labelled strychnine was on the table. 
 There was also, in a man's handwriting, a 
 note in English to the following effect :— "Our 
 last will. We wish the trunk and the contents 
 to be given to Mrs. Cunningham in return for 
 the trouble given her. The rest may serve to 
 pay the expenses of the funeral. Nobody is to 
 blame, as we both took strychnine, and we 
 wish to remain unknown. We have done no 
 ■wrong to anybody. O Lorfl, forgive us all, 
 and pardon us, for Thine infinite mercies. We 
 leave 5/., I/, to be given to Mrs. Cunningham 
 for one week's rent. The rest for the burial. 
 'Though I walk through the valley of the 
 shadow of death, I will fear no evil ; for Thou 
 art with me : Thy rod and Tliy staff they com- 
 fort me.' " No papers of any description which 
 could lead to the identity of the persons were 
 found, but from the appearance of the grate m 
 the room a number of p.-ipers were destroyed 
 
 before suicide was committed. A rumour 
 was afterwards circulated that the bodies were 
 those of Captain and Mrs. Douglas, Richmond. 
 
 19. — The Batavier steamer, the largest of 
 the vessels of the Netherlands Steam Packet 
 Company, run into in Barking Reach by the 
 Turkish screw man-of-war Charkec, and sank 
 in a few minutes. 
 
 — New chapel at Rugby School conse- 
 crated by the Bishop of Worcester. 
 
 20. — Found dead in his bed at Geneva, 
 Dr. Merle d'Aubigne, the historian of the 
 Reformation. The venerable divine was in his 
 79th year. 
 
 — Died in his lodgings near Tottenham 
 Court Road, Dr. Frederick Welwitsch, a high 
 authority on the flora of Africa. 
 
 21. — Telegraphic communication between 
 London and Adelaide completed. 
 
 — Panic in Hengler's Circus, Sheffield, 
 caused by the falling of a gallery during an 
 acrobatic performance. 
 
 — The council of the Royal Geographical 
 Society, with some officers of the late Abyssinian 
 Expedition, entertain Mr. Henry M. Stanley 
 at a banquet in Willis's Rooms. It was 
 announced by the chairman. Sir H. Raw- 
 linson, that the Society had that day decreed to 
 Mr. Stanley the Victoria Medal of 1872. 
 
 — The Emperor of Germany, as arbitrator 
 in the Han Juan difficulty, gives an award that 
 the claims of the United States fully accord 
 with the true interpretation of the treaty uf the 
 15th of June, 1846, and that the boundary line 
 has, therefore, to run through the Haro 
 Channel. 
 
 22. — Died, aged 54, George Mason, A.R. A., 
 a prominent English landscape-painter. 
 
 — Died, aged 82, Simon Thomas Scrope, 
 of Daiiby Hal!, York, the representative of a 
 house which during the last 300 years produced 
 two earls, twenty barons, one Chancellor, four 
 Treasurers, two Chief Justices of England, five 
 Knights of the Garter, and numerous baronets. 
 
 23.— Died at Paris, aged 61, M. Theophile 
 Gautier, dramatist and journalist. 
 
 24. — .Addressing his constituents at Exeter, 
 Sir John Coleridge said that no Ministry in the 
 world ever fulfilled the expectations that were 
 raised about it, and no man that ever lived, not 
 Pitt, nor Peel, nor Palmerston, ever maintained 
 the power with which he began. It therefore 
 would not surprise him, Sir John Coleridge 
 said, if after four years of administration the 
 foes of the Government were found to be more 
 active and its friends somewhat more disunited 
 than in the winter of 1868. The Tories were 
 always united. There are five hundred ways 
 of going forward, but one way of standing still. 
 To stand still and observe the Government 
 seemed to be their best idea of a policy. To 
 87 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 tell the persons who listen to them that the 
 Government has alienated the colonies and 
 humiliated the country is about the limit of 
 their topics. Now, neither of those charges 
 was true. The colonies are not alienated, and 
 he could see no trace anywhere of the waning 
 influence of England in her attitude toward 
 foreign Powers. *' I see none, for instance," 
 he said, "in the eagerness of the French 
 Government to conclude the new French 
 Treaty. I can see none at all even in the 
 Treaty of Washington, or in the Geneva award, 
 I admit there is a good deal in the caustic lan- 
 guage of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. I 
 admit that there is still more in the splendid 
 specimen of reason and eloquence which we 
 avr& to the matured vigour and extraordinary 
 powers of the Lord Chief Justice of England. 
 I admit that there is a good deal in this and 
 other things to make an Englishman's face hot 
 and his blood to tingle, I admit that when 
 one I'eads some of the American arguments, 
 though I am a man of peace, my fingers itch. 
 I admit that it is not a matter for great pride, 
 but it is a matter for acquiescence. I cannot 
 help feehng that on the whole we are well out 
 of a bad business. " 
 
 26. — Lord Westbury, as arbitrator in the 
 liquidation of the European Insurance Com- 
 pany, decides that shareholders who under the 
 deed of settlement had a portion of the divi- 
 dends accredited to them, as an addition to the 
 amount paid by them on uncalled capital, are 
 entitled to have that amount deducted from the 
 amount of uncalled capital for which they are 
 liable. 
 
 — John Dorrington, described as Master of 
 Ripley College, Derbyshire, sentenced at Marl- 
 borough Street Police Court to two months' 
 imprisonment with hard labour for fraudulently 
 obtaining charitable subscriptiohs. 
 
 27. — Died, aged 61, Sir Alexander Duff 
 Gordon, Commissioner of Inland Revenue. 
 
 28. — Died, aged 80, Miss Jeffrey, a grand- 
 daughter of Flora Macdonald, companion for 
 a time of Prince Charles Stuart in his High- 
 land wanderings after CuUoden. 
 
 — Two Roman Catholic Bishops consecrated 
 with great ceremony at Salford. 
 
 30. — Died, aged 57, John Chubb, inventor 
 and maker of the well-known locks which bear 
 his name. 
 
 — Died at Oxford suddenly, Thomas Combe, 
 M.A., printer to the University of Oxford, 
 and founder of St. Barnabas' Church and the 
 Chapel of the Radcliffe Infirmary. 
 
 — Died at Hartrigge, Lord Kinloch, Senator 
 of the College of Justice, Edinburgh. 
 
 — The Suez Canal Company erect a monu- 
 ment at Suez to the memoiy of Lieutenant 
 Waghom, the enterprising pioneer of the Over- 
 land and Red .Sea Route to India and China. 
 
 31. — Sixty thousand persons reported to be 
 rendered homeless in Italy by floods. 
 
 31 — The Prussian House of Peers, by 145 
 to 18 votes, reject a County Electoral Refomi 
 Bill, designed to estabhsh local representative 
 institutions in the rural districts. Count Eulen- 
 berg afterwards announced that the King was 
 resolved to pass the measure, and would 
 immediately close the session. 
 
 — At a luncheon given by the Lord Provost 
 of Edinburgh, Mr. H. M. Stanley charges Dr. 
 Kirk with speaking harshly of Dr. Livingstone. 
 
 — Died, aged 57> John Francis Maguire, 
 M. P. for Cork, and editor of the Cork Ex- 
 aminer. 
 
 November 1. — The Oxford Music Hall 
 destroyed by fire. 
 
 — Field-Marshal Sir William M. Gomm, 
 G.C.B., gazetted Constable of the Tower and 
 Custos Rotulorum of the Tower Hamlets. 
 
 — Dinner in Willis's Rooms, presided over 
 by Earl Stanhope, to Mr. W. J. Thoms on 
 the occasion of his retirement from the editor- 
 ship of Hotes and Queries, which he had held 
 since its commencement in November 1849. 
 On the same evening a dinner was given in the 
 same place by the Royal Geographical Society 
 to Sir Bartle Frere, previous to setting out on 
 his special mission to Zanzibar. 
 
 — The trial of Mayor Hall at New York 
 for participation in the Tammany frauds ends 
 in the discharge of the jury on account of their 
 not being able to agree upon a verdict. They 
 were locked up from 9.30 P.M. on the 31st of 
 October till n A. M. on the following day, and 
 it was reported in court that they had spent the 
 night in political discussion. 
 
 2. — The Morning Post announces that it 
 enters this day on the loist year of its existence, 
 its principles having been during that time 
 uniformly "loyal and national." 
 
 — Launch of the Hansa, the first German 
 ironclad built in a German dockyard. 
 
 — Unveiling of the statue erected to the 
 memoiy of Sir Walter Scott in the Mall of the 
 Central Park, New York. 
 
 3. — Sunday meeting in Hyde Park ■ to de- 
 mand the release of Fenian prisoners. 
 
 — Rev. C. Voysey celebrates in St. George's 
 Hall, Langham Place, for the first time, the 
 service of "dedication and benediction of 
 children," a substitute for the ancient ceremony 
 of baptism. 
 
 — Correspondence between the Duke of- 
 Marlborough and the Attorney-General regard- 
 ing the eviction of certain labourers from the 
 Blenheim 'estate. "The Duke" writes Sir 
 John, "denies that his estates have ever been 
 granted by the State. It is hardly worth con- 
 troversy ; but I was under the impression that 
 they were granted and inalienably fettled by 
 Act of Parliament soon after the battle of Blen? 
 heim. If I am wrong in this I shall be happy 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 to apologize. The Duke says I am ' pleased 
 to style him a Tory duke,' and seems annoyed 
 that I have done so. I meant no more offence 
 than he would mean if he called me a Liberal 
 Attorney-General. I have heard the great 
 leader in whose Cabinet he served speak of 
 himself as ' the leader of the Tory party in the 
 House of Commons ; ' but, as the Duke objects 
 to the epithet, I regret that I used it, and should 
 I have occasion to allude to him again in public 
 I will take care to avoid it." To this the 
 Duke made answer: — "What I denied was 
 that the ' vast estates ' to which he alluded in 
 his speech in connection viith my cottage pro- 
 perty had ever been so granted. I beg to refer 
 him to 3 and 4 Anne, cap. 6, an Act to enable 
 the Queen, by letters patent, to grant to the 
 Duke of Marlborough the honour and manor 
 of Woodstock and Hundred of Wootton. He 
 will there see the identical lands granted, with 
 their names and admeasurements, and will be 
 able to form his own opinion what proportion 
 they bear to the total acreage of my landed 
 property. For the information of the public I 
 may say that they are almost exclusively park, 
 pleasure-grounds, and woods, and comprise 
 little over 500 acres outside and adjoining the 
 park itself ; and, with the exception of lodges 
 and keepers' houses, there are no cottages what- 
 ever upon the lands in question. The Attorney- 
 General, if he cares to peruse this Act, will 
 perhaps be candid enough to adrriit that he has 
 been indulging in the same strain of rhetoric to 
 which in his letter of to-day he has already 
 pleaded guilty. " 
 
 4. — Anti-slavery meeting at the Mansion 
 House, called to strengthen the mission about 
 to be undertaken by Sir Bartle Frere to suppress 
 the slave trade on the East Coast of Africa. 
 
 — Discovery of human remains at Cropton, 
 near Pickering, Yorkshire, supposed to be those 
 of Joseph Wood and his son James, tenants of 
 the fai-m, who had been missing since May last, 
 and whose residence was now occupied by a 
 person named Charter, pretending to have 
 authority to act for- the Woods. 
 
 5. — Dr. Cookson, Master of St. Peter's 
 College, elected Vice- Chancellor of Cambridge 
 University by 40 votes against 26 tendered for 
 Dr. Atkinson, Master of Clare College. 
 
 — The new Library and Museum erected by 
 the Corporation of the City of London opened 
 by the Lord Chancellor in the presence of 
 nearly 2,000 guests. Lord Selbome, in a brief 
 address, dwelt on the zeal for education which 
 the City of London had uniformly manifested, 
 even as far back as what were sometimes called 
 " the dark ages," and said that in building this 
 beautiful hbrary the City was only adding the 
 finishing touch to a work which had been going 
 on consistently for ages. The- speech of the 
 Lord Chancellor was received throughout with 
 much enthusiasm, and, at its close, his lordship 
 was conducted through the building, and iii- 
 spected the works of art and objects of anti- 
 quarian interest there displayed. The Crypt, 
 
 and the Guildhall itself, both brilliantly lighted^ 
 were also thrown open to visitors. 
 
 5. — Electors for the Presidential contest in 
 America chosen for the different States, the 
 number being equal to the Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives sent by each. Large majorities 
 found to vote for Grant and Wilson, the former 
 carrying thirty States with 278 votes against 
 Mr. Greeley's seven States with 74 votes. 
 
 — A young hippopotamus, afterwards known 
 as "Guy Fawkes," born in the Zoological 
 Gardens, Regent's Park. 
 
 6. — Died, aged 80, Thomas Keightley, 
 author ot "Fairy Mythology" and various 
 histories. 
 
 — M. Rochefort granted a temporary re- 
 lease from prison for the purpose of marrying 
 the mother of his illegitimate children, under- 
 stood to be dying at Versailles. 
 
 7. — Mr. E. J. Reed, replying to criticisms 
 on his recent letters on the Navy, writes : — 
 " In spite of our recent and even pre-ent 
 strength, so many powerful ships are springing 
 up abroad that we are falling astern in the 
 chase, and by our total inaction, extending now 
 over years, are losing even the chance of com- 
 peting. I have not sought to excite apprehen- 
 sion of imminent danger. My forecasts neces- 
 sarily go into the future, and I maintain that, 
 looking to the future, our recent policy has 
 been involving us in very serious risks and dis- 
 advantages." 
 
 8. — In his closing visitation at Tonbridge, 
 the Archbishop of Canterbui-y expressed his 
 gratification that the Church of England had 
 worthy and prominent representatives at the 
 recent meeting of the Old Catholics at Cologne ; 
 and while sympathizing with the endeavours 
 that have been made and are still making to 
 promote a better understanding among the 
 Episcopal Churches, he looked back with 
 pleasure to wliat he did ten years ago as Bishop 
 of London towards giving a kindly welcome 
 to pastors from Germany, from France, from 
 Switzerland, and from the Waldensian valleys. 
 He recognized the fact that, both historically 
 and doctrinally, the Church of England has 
 affinities to very different forms of Christian 
 thought and organization, and contended that 
 these varied affinities give the Church a parti- 
 cular fitness for attempting the work of recon- 
 ciliation. The Archbishop also took occasion 
 to speak ofthe comprehensiveness of the Church 
 of England as combining the perfection of civil 
 and ecclesiastical society : " There are certain 
 names which occur to us of famous ministers of 
 the Church of England — Archbishop Whately, 
 Thomas Arnold, Frederick Denison Maurice, 
 Frederick Robertson — to name only those who 
 have gone to their rest. These are not the 
 names of the clergy who are the most popular 
 throughout England ; but I am bold to main- 
 tain that they are the names of men who have 
 done a good work in their day and generation, 
 for their very presence among us has been a 
 
 89 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1873. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 standing protest against any notion that inquiry 
 and a fearless love of truth can be inconsistent 
 with the Gospel which we preach. If these 
 men had lived under another system and in 
 another age, it might have been very difficult to 
 say what would have become of them. They 
 certainly could not have joined the Church of 
 Rome without crushing their convictions, as 
 many have done in past ag-s under the weight 
 of overwhelming tyrnnny, or seeking relief from 
 their doubts and 5cru|iles by a silence akin to 
 death. But, also, I say that these men could 
 not well have found a home in any of the ordi- 
 nary sects which exist among us. It is then, I 
 am bold to say, no blame to the Church of 
 England, but rather it may be its pride, that it 
 is able to inclose within its fold the most active 
 and inquiring intellects, and that it has no fear 
 lest a bold examination of truth should destroy 
 those truths of God in which it teaches men to 
 hope for their salvation." 
 
 8. — ChJlons evacuated by the Germans. 
 
 — The Gazette sets forth the details of the 
 new Commercial Treaty with France, Article 2 
 stating that the President of the French Re- 
 public having represented to her Maiesty that 
 the financial necessities of France imperatively 
 require the imposition of new taxes in that 
 country, and the modification for that purpose 
 of the tariff stipulations previously in force, her 
 Majesty, in "a spirit of friend-ship towards 
 France," consents to such modification. The 
 contracting parties guarantee to each other the 
 treatment of the most favoured nation. Tlie 
 provisions with regard to tariffs are to remain in 
 force until the 1st of January, 1877, and tliose 
 with regard to navigation until the 1st of July, 
 1879. 
 
 — Vice-Chancellor Bacon gives judgement 
 in the case of the assignees of the Countess 
 d'Alteyrac against the estate of the late Lord 
 Willoughby d'Eresl^y. Under the award of 
 Mr. Vernon Harcourt, the Countess was to 
 receive a capital sum of 5,000/. in respect of 
 her action, and Lord Willoughby d'Eresl^y to 
 settle upon her an annuity of 1,200*. within a 
 certain time, and in the event of his failing to 
 legally secure it to her, an additional payment 
 of loo/. a month was awarded until the annuity 
 was purchased by his lordship. The annuity 
 not having been purchased, the payment of 
 100/. a mojith was made until the de.ith of his 
 lordship in August 1870. In i860 the Countess 
 was adjudicated a bankrupt, and her assignees 
 made the present claim. It was cuntenried 
 that the assignees were only entitled to the value 
 of the annuity as if it had been purchased on tlie 
 day of his lordship's death, and also that the 
 Countess was not entitled to the additional pay- 
 ments of 100/. a month, as they were in the 
 nature of penalties, and therefore void. The 
 Vice-Chancellor held that the assignees were 
 entitled to have an annuity of 1 , 200/. purchased, 
 and that until the day of payment the annuity of 
 lob/. was payable in pursuance of the award. 
 
 90 
 
 9. — Commencement of a fire in Boston, U.S , 
 laying waste a large portion of the business part 
 of the city, and caasing gigantic loss to those 
 engaged in commerce. It broke out in the 
 evening at the corner of Summer Street and 
 Kingston Street, ran along Summer Street bota 
 ways to the norih-west and to the soutli-east, 
 increased greatly in intensity by a violent north- 
 westerly gale. Block after block of substantial 
 granite buildings crumbled before its fury. By 
 four o'clock on Sunday morning (loth) twenty- 
 two squares were destroyed, the burnt district at 
 that time covering about sixty acres, bounded 
 by Summer Street on the south-west, Big 
 Broad Street on the south-east. Pearl Street on 
 the north-east, Milk Street on the north, and 
 Washington Street on the north-west. The 
 Boston Fire Department was crippled by the 
 epidemic among the horses, this also preventing 
 to a great extent the removal of the goods. Aid 
 summoned from Worcester, Providence, New 
 York, Fall River, Lowell, Lynn, and other 
 towns, was promptly sent. All the railways 
 coming into Boston ran fast trains, bringing 
 firemen from the neighbouring cities, many 
 companies arriving before three in the morning. 
 The police being unable to maintain order, the 
 United States troops and marines stationed 
 tliere were ordered on duty. Extensive 
 plundering went on during the confusion ; and 
 200 thieves, some of them women, were 
 arrested. The lojs of life was heavy, but it 
 was impossible to tell the number accurately. 
 The old South Church, the most interesting 
 monument in Boston, where Warren defied the 
 Royal authority, delivered his oration on the 
 Boston massacre, where resistance to the tea- 
 tax was organized, and for a century and 
 a half the election sermons were preached to 
 the Governors of Massachusetts, was among 
 the buildings destroyed. Latterly the progress 
 of the fire could only be anested by blowing up 
 blocks of valuable property. At noon on 
 Sunday it was believed the fire was under 
 control, after lasting for twenty hours and de- 
 stroying seventy acres of buildings. Shortly 
 after midnight, however, flames broke out 
 again, owing to explosions of gas, and destroyed 
 six more large stores with the Exchange and Post 
 Office. In all it was reported that 959 buildings 
 were destroyed, 125 being private buildings; 
 3|j persons were reported killed, 2,043 firms 
 and individuals suffered pecuniary loss. The 
 insurances were estimated at 48,000,000 dols., 
 half the policies being in Massachusetts com- 
 panies. 
 
 — Mr. H. M. Stanley, the discoverer of 
 Dr. Livingstone, leaves Liverpool for Am.erica. 
 
 — At the Lord Mayor's banquet to-night, 
 Earl Granville, in the absence of Mr. Gladstone 
 through indisposition, devoted the greater part 
 of his speech to the new commercial treaty, 
 declaring his belief that its principle and sub- 
 stance are strictly in accordance with free trade. 
 On the subject of their general policy and pro- 
 cedure. Lord Granville claimed for the Govern- 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 ment that they might be considered the most 
 hard-worked set of public men he had ever 
 known ; and he had no doubt they would 
 maintain that character till they reached what 
 he trusted would be an honourable death. 
 
 9. — Bank rate raised from 6 per cent., at 
 which it was fixed on the loth October, to 
 7 per cent. 
 
 10. — Hadley's City Flour Mills in Upper 
 Thames Street, near Blackfriars Bridge, de- 
 stroyed by fire. The building, towering high 
 above all its neighbours, and pierced it was said 
 with400 windows, was built in accordance with a 
 plan by which it was thought that a fire if it 
 broke out might be strictly confined to that 
 part in which it originated. The floors sprang 
 chiefly from massive pillars of stone resting on 
 foundations of the utmost solidity, and each 
 story was supported by iron girders of great 
 strength. The fire was observed about 7 a.m., 
 and after this the floors one by one gradually 
 gave way from the top, falling on each other, 
 and so bursting out the walls. One fireman 
 was killed. 
 
 — The golden wedding of the King and 
 Queen of Saxony celebrated at Dresden in 
 presence of a great gathering of princes and dis- 
 tinguished persons, including the Emperor and 
 Empress of Germany. Bishop Forwork pro- 
 nounced the benediction, concluding by asking 
 the King and Queen, " Do you promise, in the 
 sight of God, to remain true till the end of your 
 days to the indissoluble tie entered into fifty 
 years ago, and, with conjugal unity and mutual 
 help, to serve God until God you do part ? " 
 The King and Queen answered in a loud voice, 
 "Yes." Thereupon the priestly blessing was 
 bestowed. The whole party proceeded to the 
 Court Church, where Te lieum was sung 
 amid rifle firing and salvoes of artillery. 
 
 H. — Sir James Hannen, one of the justices 
 of the Court of Queen's Bench, appointed to 
 the Probate and Divorce Court, in room of 
 Lord Penzance, resigned. 
 
 13. — M. Thiers delivers his Presidential 
 Message to the National Assembly at Versailles, 
 consisting mainly of a commercial and financial 
 retrospect describing the condition of France in 
 most favourable terms. Respecting finance he 
 anticipated a deficit of about 130 millions for 
 the current year, but thought a surplus of 
 about 80 millions of francs might be calculated 
 on for 1873. Regarding the Treaty of Com- 
 merce he said that England had consented to 
 put off until the year 1876 her being placed on 
 an equality with other countries under the most 
 favoured nation clause. The duty on raw 
 materials was to be enforced in March next, 
 and other duties to come into operation on the 
 1st of December in the present year. M. 
 Thiers concluded by saying : "We draw near 
 to a decisive moment. The form of this Re- 
 public has been only an incidental form, given 
 by events and reposing upon your wisdom and 
 your union with the power which you have 
 
 temporarily chosen. But the public mind is 
 awaiting your action. All are asking what day 
 and what form you will select in order to give 
 to the Republic that conservative strength with 
 which she cannot dispense. It is for you to 
 choose both the day and the form. The country, 
 in delegating to you its powers, has evidently 
 laid upon you the task of saving it, by procuring 
 for it, first, peace, after peace order, and with 
 order the restoration of its power ; and, lastly, 
 a regular Government." 
 
 14. — Twenty-two lives lost by the flooding 
 of the Kelsall Hall Colliery, Walsall. At the 
 time of the accident thirty men and boys were 
 in the mine in various parts of the workings. 
 These had gone to their work, as usual, at half- 
 past six in the morning, and at nine had the 
 customary inteiTal of half an hour for breakfast. 
 During this brief interval an immense volume 
 of water suddenly burst into the mine and 
 poured with great force through the workings. 
 Two men named Stanley and Starkey were the 
 first to perceive the inundation and gave the 
 signal to be dravni up. On reaching the bank 
 they announced that the pit was flooded. The 
 cage was at once let down with an exploring 
 party, who found that the water was already 
 ascending the shaft, and on the surface of the 
 flood nine men and boys were with extreme 
 difficulty keeping themselves afloat. They 
 clutched with great eagerness at the cage as it 
 neared the water, and all of them were rescued. 
 The others still remained scattered in thevaiious 
 workings of the mine. Notwithstanding the 
 apparent impossibility of reaching any of these, 
 the cage was It t down a second time. But the 
 explorers found to their dismay that the water 
 in the shaft had risen to such a height as to 
 render approach to the men possible by no other 
 means than the prodigiously difficult task of 
 pumping the whole volume of water out of the 
 mine. This went on for several days, as much 
 as 1,000 gallons per minute being raised at one 
 time by the pumping apparatus ; but even this 
 did not permit the rescue of any of the workmen 
 left in the pit. About five o'clock on the morning 
 of the 2oth, three workmen forced their way 
 about 160 yards from the bottom, and found 
 eighteen of the missing miners. Ten lay upon 
 the floor of the mine, seven others were crowded 
 together in a sitting posture on two tubs, and 
 the eighteenth, an old man named Starkey, was 
 just beyond.. Their clothes were dry, and the 
 appearance of the place showed that water had 
 never reached their level, and that death must 
 therefore have resulted from choke-damp. 
 
 IS. — A recent case of "funding" at Win- 
 chester leading to a controversy on the subject 
 of "fagging " at public schools, the " Victim " 
 writes in defence of the system : " The punish- 
 ment I received is universally allowed (and 
 readily by the Prefect himself) to have been 
 excessive ; at the same time I firmly believe, 
 as everyone else here does, that there was no 
 tyranny or brutality in the matter. On the 
 contrary, it was done in an honest though mis- 
 
 91 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1872; 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 taken impression that serious insubordination 
 was intended by my refusal to obey him. That 
 being the case, I consider that though his action 
 may in some degree deserve condemnation, he 
 himself and his motives deserve respect. I 
 may add that this letter is written entirely of 
 my own motion and under no compulsion what- 
 ever. " 
 
 IS. — In the case of Earl Beauchamp v, the 
 Overseers of Madresiield, the Court of Common 
 Pleas decide against the right of Peers to vote 
 for members of the House of Commons. 
 
 — The feast of St. Eugenie celebrated at 
 Chiselhurst by a great gathering of friends of 
 the Empire. 
 
 16. — Mutiny among the metropolitan police 
 owing to the dismissal of Goodchild, secre- 
 tary to their movement for increase of pay. 
 Four days later an order was issued dismissing 
 log constables and reducing others in rank and 
 pay. Inquiry into grievances had previously 
 been promised. 
 
 — Public funeral of the fireman Guernsey, 
 who lost his life at the burning of the City 
 Flour Mills. The route to Abney Park 
 Cemetery wiis lined with spectators. 
 
 18. — Died, aged 83, James Capel, the oldest 
 member of the Stock Exchange, and formerly 
 chairman of the Board of Managers. 
 
 — Questioned by General Changarnier as to 
 his comments on M. Gambetta's Grenoble 
 speech, M. Thiers declares that for forty years 
 he had fought agxinst Socialism and Demagogy; 
 for the last two years he had shown no lack of 
 energy. " I was not undecided under the walls 
 of Paris." (Noise.) "I have not been un- 
 decided in repressing the 'strikes' — (" Bravo," 
 from the Left Centre) ; — but I cannot admit 
 that I ought to be called upon to rise here to 
 make a profession of faith which is rendered 
 useless by my whole career. Let us be frank. 
 It is not the Grenoble banquet which is the real 
 question ; it is something higher. Everybody 
 knows what it is that makes you uneasy. 
 Well, since you complain of a Provisional 
 Government, make a definitive one. (Shouts 
 of applause from the Left and Left Centre. ) 
 For my own part, I declare that I will 
 not reply. If you would have a strong 
 Government, say that it is strong, but not that 
 it is undecided. No, I will not reply. Since 
 you exhibit this distrust of me, I beg of you to 
 lose no more time. Proceed at once to a vote. 
 I call for a vote of confidence. I demand it 
 instantly. I am not even afraid to take the 
 country" as a judge between you and me." 
 (Prolonged applause.) A vote of confidence 
 in the Government was ultimately carried by 
 267 to 117 votes. 
 
 21. — Statue of Queen Victoria imveiled at 
 Montreal in presence of the Governor-General, 
 Lord Dufferin. 
 
 — Paul Julius May, the survivor of what was 
 known as the "Chelsea Tragedy," acquitted at 
 92 
 
 the Central Criminal Court of complicity in the 
 murder of his friend Nagel ; Mr. Justice Grove 
 ruling that the jury in order to convict mujt 
 be satisfied that the suicide was a joint act in 
 which each assisted or encouraged the other. 
 The prisoner, now restored to health, was after- 
 wards committed on a charge of forgery. 
 
 21.— Died, aged 73, Richard James Lane, 
 A.R.A., one of the two associate engravers of 
 the "old class" in the Academy. 
 
 — Sir Bartle Frere leaves England on his 
 mission to Zanzibar to negotiate for the sup- 
 pression of the East African slave trade. 
 
 23. — Died at Claremont, Exeter, aged 80, 
 Sir John Bowring, first editor of the West- 
 minster Review, and for many years representa- 
 tive of British interests in China. 
 
 — Fifty-six betting-men brought before the 
 Lord Mayor ; one was fined 50/., another 5/., 
 and the rest dismissed with a caution. 
 
 25. — The Royal Adelaide, bound from Lon- 
 don to Sydney, wrecked on the Chesil bank, 
 Portland. 
 
 26. — M. Batbie presents to the Assembly 
 the report of the Kerdrel Commission ap- 
 pointed to consider M. Thiers' Message, 
 declaring that " Freedom of deliberation, 
 concord between the Assembly and the Execu- 
 tive, and the dignity of the President of the 
 Republic^ — all these things are motives for or- 
 ganizing Ministerial responsibility, and for 
 doing so without delay. Moreover, unity be- 
 tween the public powers cannot any longer be 
 postponed. Although the observations we have 
 made touched upon the position and person of 
 M. Thiers, we have not feared to wound him by 
 communicating them to him. We were sure 
 that the great historian would not be surprised 
 to see the representatives of his country seek 
 means of assuring the value of their votes. " 
 
 — Came on for trial at Westininster before 
 Mr. Justice Brett and a full special jury, an 
 action raised by Mr. Hepworth Dixon against 
 the proprietors of the Pall Mall Gazette for 
 libellous criticism contained in an article on 
 " Free Russia, " and on the plaintiff's appear- 
 ance as president of a meeting called in St. 
 George's Hall to hear Elder Evans. In the 
 latter he was described as the " Shaker's friend," 
 and in the former it was said — " We have . 
 received from Mr. Hepworth Dixon another of 
 those insolent ingenious letters with which he 
 contrives to puff his books — obscene, inaccurate, 
 or both — as soon as they appear." The plain- 
 tiff was severely cross-examined regarding the 
 accuracy of some of his books of travel, and on 
 the propriety of certain views on social subjects 
 set forth in his " Spiritual Wives ; " Sir John 
 Karslake on the third day of trial concluding a 
 speech of over five hours' length with the 
 words : " As you say you are a member of a 
 high and honourable guild or calling, I say you 
 have prostituted that calling, that you have 
 palmed off as being works of philosophy things 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1 8; 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 which you knew were works of filth. You have 
 injured that high calling to which you belong, 
 and you are a writer of obscene and vamped- 
 up books." Verdict for the plaintiff — farthing 
 damages. 
 
 28.— Sir Donald M'Leod killed on the 
 Metropolitan Railway when attempting to enter 
 a train in motion at Gloucester Road station. 
 
 29. — Died, aged 6i, Horace Greeley, an 
 enterprising American journalist, recently a 
 candidate for the Presidency. 
 
 — Died at Naples, aged 93, Mrs. Mary 
 Somerville, authoress of "The Connection of 
 the Physical Sciences," an honoraiy member of 
 the Royal Astronomical Society, and to the 
 closing weeks of her life a devoted enthusiast 
 in the higher departments of mathematical 
 science. Her last important work on Molecular 
 and Microscopic science, was published in her 
 ninetieth year, forty-three years after her first 
 publication. 
 
 30. — The American Sergeant Bates enters 
 London after his walk from the Scottish border 
 with his national flag. 
 
 December 1, — Royal decree issued ap- 
 pointing twenty-five new Prussian peers to 
 secure the passing of the new County Election 
 Bill. 
 
 — An effort being made to reject Dean 
 Stanley as one of the Select Preachers at 
 Oxford, Dean Goulburn, of Norwich, writes 
 to-day (Sunday) that his reason for joining in 
 the protest was, that you (Stanley) " are In the 
 habit of throwing the whole weight of your 
 high character, your brilliant abilities, and 
 your eminent position into the support of the 
 Rationalistic school — a school which seeks to 
 eliminate from Christianity both its doctrinal 
 and its supernatural element, and to reduce it 
 to a system of moral truth, illustrated by a 
 bright example, and which, in regard of the 
 written Word of God, claims the right of ac- 
 
 .cepting only such parts of it as approve them- 
 selves to the natural reason and conscience of 
 man. I hold it to be the paramount duty of 
 every Churchman and every Christian to take 
 every opportunity of entering his protest against 
 the views of this school, which I honestly 
 believe to be undermining the faith of many 
 young men, and paving the way for the total 
 rejection of revealed religion. ... I am 
 by no means insensible to your amiability and 
 integrity, nor to sentiments of ' Auld lang 
 syne.' Our convictions as to truth and-right 
 differ very widely ; but I can sincerely say that 
 I wish I were habitually as true to my convic- 
 tions as I well know you have always been to 
 yours. " 
 
 2. — The Archbishop of Canterbuiy receives 
 at Lambeth Palace a memorial from the clergy 
 of the Northern and Southern Provinces, praying 
 for some change either in the compulsory rubric 
 or in the damnatory clauses of the Athanasian 
 
 Creed. Of the 3.000 uleigymen who signed, 
 2,159 ''■d so without any reserve, thus signify- 
 ing their jdesire to leave entirely to the discretion 
 of the authorities to determine whether the 
 rubric, or the clauses, or both, shall be altered ; 
 421 desired especially the alteration of the 
 rubric only — 218 were for optional use of the 
 Athanasian Creed, and 203 for its entire disuse 
 in public worship ; 292 desired only to touch 
 the damnatory clauses — 208 asked for their re- 
 moval, and 84 for their alteration. 
 
 2. — Strike of 2,400 men employed in the 
 London gas-works, the immediately inciting 
 cause being the discharge of a " Union " stoker 
 from the Fulham retort house. 
 
 — Discussion at Rugby .School, the Govern- 
 ing Body desiring to express their conviction 
 that the course taken throughout by Dr. Hay- 
 man in dealing with Mr. Scott has not been 
 marked by that spirit of justice which the cir- 
 cumstances of the case required. 
 
 3. — A paper upon a cuneiform inscription 
 setting forth the Chaldean account of the 
 Deluge read before the Society of Biblical 
 Archaeology, by Mr. George Smith, British 
 Museum. 
 
 — The strike of the 2,400 stokers limits the 
 supply of gas to only a few streets in the City. 
 As night closed in the aspect of the West end 
 was dismal in the extreme. In many streets it 
 was difficult to move along. From the after- 
 noon no lights could be had at many of the 
 underground railway stations, and at seven 
 o'clock no little consternation was occasioned 
 among the railway passengers at Ludgate Hill 
 by the sudden, disappearance of all the lights. 
 The panic which would almost certainly have 
 occurred was prevented by the fact that Messrs. 
 Spiers and Pond's lights were just sufficient to 
 make the darkness visible. The St. James's 
 Theatre had to be closed, another had to use 
 candles in "front," and a third was in a state 
 of considerable dimness. The letter-carriers 
 went about carrying "bull's-eye" lamps in one 
 hand and their bundles of letters in the other. 
 On the Surrey side of the river the gas was 
 burning as usual. 
 
 — Judgment given by Lord Gifford in 
 the Edinburgh Court of Session in the Murthly 
 marriage case, wherein the plaintiff, Mrs. 
 Margaret Robertson (formerly Wilson) sought 
 to have it declared that she had been married 
 to and had a son by Major Steuart, only 
 son of the late Sir William Steuart, of Murthly 
 and Grandtully, Perthshire. The defen- 
 dants were Sir Archibald Douglas Steuart, 
 who is heir to Sir William, and Mr. Franc 
 Nichols Steuart, who had been butler to the 
 deceased baronet for a long period, and who 
 has come into possession, by will, of one o 
 the estates. Lord Gifford, in a long and 
 elaborate decision, held that th,e plaintiff's 
 marriage with Major Steuart had been clearly 
 established. 
 
 93 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 4. — Meeting at Willis's Rooms for the 
 purpose of taking steps, Parliamentary or other- 
 wise, to prevent the encroachment upon legiti ■ 
 mate trading interests by the so-called Civil 
 Service Co-operative Societies. 
 
 5. — The Japanese Embassy received by the 
 Queen at Windsor. 
 
 — Died at Kensington, aged 72, Francis 
 Charles Massingberd, D.D., Chancellor of the 
 diocese of Lincoln, and author of a history of 
 the Reformation, 
 
 — The French Government defeated in the 
 election of the Dufaure Committee ; nineteen 
 members of the Right and eleven of the Left 
 chosen. 
 
 — The Directors of tlie Chartered Gas 
 Company resolve "That the men who at the 
 various stations of the Gas Light and Coke 
 Company without notice deserted their duties 
 and imperilled the safety of the metropolis, are 
 unworthy of confidence, and that none of them 
 be hereafter employed by the company." This 
 involved the dismissal of no fewer than 1,400 
 hands. The issue of summonses against the 
 500 stokers who turned out at the Beckton 
 Gas-works commenced to-day, about a dozen 
 constables being specially appointed to assist 
 the summoning officer in the duty, and each 
 being accompanied by a foreman, or one of the 
 workmen acquainted with the defendants and 
 their residences. Constables were also in- 
 structed to procure labourers where they could 
 be got and send them in to the works to replace 
 the men on strike — a proceeding protested 
 against by the stokers as illegal. 
 
 8. — J. H. Gordon, formerly of the British 
 Indian Civil Service, shoots Ada Schiani, to 
 whom he had been paying his addresses, while 
 walking in the garden of the Villa Nazionale, 
 Naples, and then commits suicide by shooting 
 himself. 
 
 — Severe hurricane experienced generally 
 over England. It was stated that, allowing 
 the number 12 to represent the strongest wind 
 ever experienced in these latitudes, the extreme 
 forpe recorded at Scilly, Plymouth, and Portis- 
 head was II ; London, Liverpool, Holyhead, 
 Portsmouth, and Yarmouth, 10 ; while on the 
 Continent the gale rose to 10 at Brussels, and 
 to 9 at Helder, Cape Gris-Nez, and L'Orient. 
 The gale was most severe over the southern 
 half of England and Wales. In the Midland 
 Counties and the North there was less wind, 
 but more rain. 
 
 9. — Four gas-stokers formerly in the service 
 of the Commercial Gas Company at Stepney, 
 appear at the Thames Police Court, to answer 
 summonses which stated that " they, being 
 under a certain contract of service not yet 
 expired, did, on the 3rd of December, unlaw- 
 fully neglect and refuse, and have ever since 
 neglected and refused, to fulfil the said con- 
 ti-ict, without just or lawful excuse, for the 
 non-performance of which contract by you )io 
 
 94 
 
 compensation or damage can be assessed, and 
 that pecuniary compensation will not meet the 
 circumstances of the case." After hearing 
 evidence, the magistrate, Mr. Lushington, gave 
 it as his opinion that no pecuniary compensation, 
 which would probably be paid out of the funds 
 of the men's Union, would- meet such a case, 
 and he felt it his duty to sentence each of the 
 defendants to six weeks' imprisonment, with 
 hard labour. 
 
 9. — The Prussian Counties Reform Bill 
 passes its final reading in the House of Lords 
 by 116 votes to 91. 
 
 11.— The Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, 
 burnt, and twenty-two of the female servants 
 suffocated at the top of the building. 
 
 — Died, aged 77, Edwin Norris, formerly 
 secretary to the Royal Asiatic Society, and 
 Translator to the Foreign Office, a distinguished 
 philologist, and Assyrian scholar. 
 
 — The appointment of Dean Stanley as one 
 of the Select' Preachers at Oxford confirmed by 
 349 votes to 287. Dean Goulburn thereupon 
 resigned a similar office to which he was ap- 
 pointed last year, " as the most forcible protest 
 he can give against (what he must consider to 
 be) the unfaithfulness to God's truth which the 
 University manifested by its vote in favour of 
 Dean Stanley." Dr. Goulburn goes on to say 
 that he has no desire to circumscribe too 
 closely the limits of the Church of England, 
 and if he must err would rather err on the side 
 of latitude than of exclusiveness. But ' ' the line 
 must be drawn somewhere," and his complaint 
 against the Dean of Westminster is that he 
 seems to drtiw it nowhere. 
 
 12. — President Grant officially recognizes a 
 coloured man appointed by the Legislature of 
 Louisiana- to replace Governor Warmouth, as. 
 lawfully holding the executive power of the 
 State of Louisiana. 
 
 — Died, at Tichborne House, the Dowager 
 Lady Doughty Tichborne, alleged to have 
 identified the Claimant as her son. 
 
 13. — Came on for trial in the Irish Court of 
 Queen's Bench the case of Father O'Keefe 
 against the Rev. Mr. Walshe, one of his curates 
 — an action for slander in calling plaintiff a 
 liar before his own congregation. The case 
 had been tried before, when the plaintiff ob- 
 tained 100/. damages. The verdict was set 
 aside and a new trial directed. The defendant 
 did not now appear, and the jury, after a brief 
 deliberation, found a verdict for the plaintiff — 
 damages, 250/. and costs. 
 
 14. — Animated debate in the French As- 
 sembly on the petition for a dissolution, ulti- 
 mately set aside by 490 to 201 votes. 
 
 — Meeting of Liberal members at Swindon, 
 the Chancellor of the Exchequer criticizing 
 recent speeches made by Lord Salisbury and 
 Mr. Disraeli ; the latter of whom, he said, 
 " never having in his life done anything that 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 I am a\> die of, or asked aiiybody to do any- 
 thing, in the way of public health, or taken up . 
 the subject, thinking it a harmless thing, and 
 being hard pressed, and having a necessity to 
 say something, says health is the great matter 
 that the Tory party propose to deal with. 
 They do not propose to do anything else for 
 us, but they are going to give us all good con- 
 stitutions. I can only say, coming as it did, 
 ' Sanitas sanitatum omnia sanitas.' I propose 
 to restore the original reading, ' Vanitas vani- 
 tatum omnia vanitas ' — vanity of vanity, all is 
 vanity." Mr. Lowe finished with a retrospect 
 of the doings of the Tory party when in office, 
 with a view to show, as he said, that they had 
 two policies — one when they are in office, and 
 the other when they are out of it. " When 
 they are out of it their policy is to say nothing 
 and do nothing*— not to commit themselves, as 
 far as they can help ; when they are in, it is 
 their policy to take the policy of their prede- 
 cessors, which they had opposed, and pass it." 
 
 15. — Died, aged 61, Henry G. Blagrove, 
 violinist. 
 
 — Died at Hughenden, aged 83, after a 
 brief illness, Mary Ann Disraeli, Counte.ss of 
 Beaconsfield, wife of the Right Hon. Benjamin 
 Disraeli, M. P. Lady Beaconsfield was the 
 daughter of Mr. John . Evans, of Bampford 
 Speke, Devon, and married first in 1815, IMi'. 
 Wyndham I.,ewis, Mr. Disraeli's predecessor in 
 the representation of Maidstone. Mr. Lewis 
 died in 1838, and in the following year his 
 widow became the wife of Mr. Disraeli. . 
 
 16. — The Japanese Embassy leave England 
 for Pai'is. 
 
 17. — Four men sentenced to death at Dur- 
 ham for kicking a man to death outside his 
 own house at Spennymoor. Two were after- 
 wards respited. 
 
 19. — Came on at the Central Criminal 
 Court, before Mr. Justice Brett, the trial of 
 five gas stokers concerned in the late strike, 
 and now indicted for conspiracy to intimidate 
 the manager of the Beckton gas-works, by 
 refusing to engage in their ordinary duties till 
 certain dismissed servants of the company were 
 reinstated. The trial lasted till the close of 
 the day, when the jury found them all guilty, 
 ■ but strongly recommended them to mercy on 
 account of their great ignorance, of their having 
 been misled, and of their previous good charac- 
 ter. In addressing the prisoners, Mr. Justice 
 Brett said that so far from agreeing with the 
 jury that they were misled, it seemed to him 
 that from the course they took during the whole 
 of these proceedings they were not the men 
 misled, but the men misleading, and that it 
 was they who misled the others, and most of 
 the 500 obeyed what they had suggested. A 
 serious punishment must be inflicted — a punish- 
 ment that would teach men in their position 
 that ahhough without offence they might be 
 members of a trade union, or might agree to 
 go into an employment or to leave it without 
 
 committing any offence, yet they nnrst t.ike 
 care when they agreed together that they did 
 not agree to do anything by illegal means. 
 If they did that they were guilty of conspiracy. 
 The sentence he had to pass was that they be 
 kept in prison for twelve calendar months. 
 
 20. — News from New York announce that 
 Jay Gould has settled the claims of the Erie 
 Railway Company against him by- making 
 restitution to the amount of 1,945,000/. 
 
 — Died suddenly, aged 59, George Pea- 
 body Putnam, American publisher. 
 
 21. — Addressing the students of Liverpool 
 College, Mr. Gladstone pointed out that so far 
 as religion was concerned, the conflict was not 
 now between different forms of Christianity, 
 but between Christians and men who (like Dr. 
 Strauss, from whom Mr. Gladstone quoted at 
 some length) reject belief in a personal God 
 and individual immortality. He did not object 
 to " free thought ; " on the contrary, he held 
 with Homer that the man who does not value 
 the freedom of his thoughts deserves to be 
 described as but half a man. St. Paul was a 
 preacher of free thought ; he urged men to 
 "prove all things," but he also advised them 
 to "hold fast that which is good." The free 
 thought of the present day " seems too often to 
 mean thought roving and vagrant more than 
 free, like Delos drifting on the seas of Greece 
 without a root, a direction, or a home." Mr. 
 Gladstone went on to urge his hearers not to 
 fall in too readily with the prevalent notion 
 that this age is vastly superior to all that have 
 gone before it. He admitted the material 
 triumphs which it had seen accomplished, as 
 well as the mental activity which characterized 
 it, but it was by no means an age abounding in 
 minds of the first order, in great immortal 
 teachers. " It has tapped, a< it were, and 
 made disposable for man, vast natural forces ; 
 but the mental power employed is not to be 
 measured by the size of the results. To perfect 
 that marvel of ti'avel, the locomotive, has 
 perhaps not required the expenditure of more 
 mental strength and application than to perfect 
 that marvel of music, the violin. In the 
 material sphere the achievements of the age 
 are splendid and unmixed. In the social 
 sphere they are great and noble, but seem ever 
 to be confronted by a succession of new 
 problems which alniost defy solution. In the 
 sphere of pure intellect I doubt whether 
 posterity will rate us as highly as we rate our- 
 selves. But what I most wish to observe is 
 this, that it is an insufferable arrogance in the 
 men of any age to assume what I may call airs 
 of unmeasured superiority over former ages. 
 God, who cares for us, carei for them also. 
 In the goods of this world we may advance by 
 strides ; but it is by steps only and not strides, 
 and by slow and not always steady steps, that 
 all desirable improvement of man in the higher 
 ranges of his being is effected." 
 
 — Prince Bismarck's resignation of the 
 Prussian Ministry of State accepted by the 
 
 95 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1872. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Emperor. He was succeeded by Count Von 
 Roon. 
 
 21. — The screw-steamer Germany, one of 
 the Allan comoany's line of vessels running 
 between the Mersey and Canada, Baltimore 
 and New Orleans, wrecked on a sandbank at 
 the entrance of the Gironde, and thirty of those 
 on board drowned. 
 
 23. — At a Consistory attended by twenty- 
 two Cardinals, the Pope complained bitterly of 
 the oppression exercised on the Church by the 
 Italian Government. "Above all things," he 
 said, "the law presented to Parliament on the 
 subject of religious corporations deeply wounds 
 the rights of possession'Sf the Universal Church, 
 and violates the right of our apostolic mission. 
 In face of the presentation of this law, we raise 
 our voice before you and the entire Church, and 
 condemn any law which diminishes or sup- 
 presses religious -families in Rome or the neigh- 
 bouring provinces. We consequently declare 
 void every acquisition of their property made 
 under any title whatsoever." 
 
 24. — Died, aged 52, W. J. Macquom 
 Rankine, Professor of Civil Engineering and 
 Mechanics in the University of Glasgow. 
 
 — The Rev. Dr. Wallace, of Old Grey- 
 friars, Edinburgh, presented by the Queen to 
 the Chair of Church History in the University 
 of Edinburgh, vacant by the resignation of the 
 Rev. Dr. Stevenson. 
 
 25. — Sir Sydney Waterlow, Lord Mayor, 
 entertains 186 of his relations at the Mansion 
 House. His lordship's father, eighty-two years 
 old, had the gratification of dining at the same 
 table with his, 13 children, 49 grandchildren, 
 and 14 great-grandchildren. The Lord Mayor 
 was supported by his 4 sons and 4 daughters, 
 4 brothers and 6 sisters, 17 nephews, 22 nieces, 
 29 cousins, and i grandson ; and Lady Water- 
 low by her stepmother, 4 brothers, 3 sisters, 
 12 nephews, 12 nieces, and 41 cousins. 
 
 — A young woman named Harriet Bus- 
 well found murdered in her house. Great Coram 
 Street ; the criminal not discovered, but sup- 
 posed to be a Geiman who accompanied her 
 home, and robbed his victim of some trifling 
 trinkets she had borrowed for use as a member 
 of the corps de ballet. 
 
 — Collision between the Northumberland 
 and jVwra/w ironclads at Funchal, while riding 
 out a heavy westerly gale. 
 
 27.— Availing himself of the opportunity of 
 handing over the prizes at the Art and Science 
 School at Newton Abbot, Devonshire, the 
 Duke of Somerset contrasted the real progress 
 which had been made by Natural Science with 
 the talk about progress in which politicians 
 indulged. "Just look," he said, "at what the 
 steam-engine has done and what it has added 
 to the power and civilization of England. By 
 sea and by land, in the depth of the mine and 
 in the manufactory, everywhere it has added 
 
 to England's prosperity and wealth. I saw, 
 to niy great surprise, when I read the speech 
 of the Prime Minister on education, that he 
 said he would balance for the proof of intellect 
 the invention of the violin against the locomo- 
 tive engine. Now, I thought that was very 
 strange. I should like to know what the violin 
 has done for the civilization of mankind. Men 
 have been scraping on these squeaking strings 
 for the last 300 years, and what good has the 
 world gained by it ? But he says the violin is 
 a marvel of music, and therefore is equal to the 
 locomotive engine. Now, I remember that 
 some years ago, when Paganini, the great 
 fiddler, died, a newspaper, published in Italy, 
 contained an article which commenced in this 
 style : — ' Genoa has produced two great men — 
 Paganini and Columbus.' (Laughter.) I con- 
 fess that it seemed to me, when I read of Mr. 
 Gladstone comparing the violin with the loco- 
 motive engine, that it was very much like com- 
 paring Paganini with Columbus. (Laughter.) 
 But is that all ? Why, the locomotive engine 
 is altering the civilization of the world. The 
 railroad and the locomotive are going not only 
 through Europe, but they have gone into Japan. 
 Do you think they go there without advancing 
 civilization? I should like to know what 
 fiddle has ever done the same? (Laughter.) 
 We hear a great deal about the science of 
 government, but there is no such science. It 
 is a few desultory principles people have 
 scrambled hold of, and they are trying to apply 
 them. The statesman who applies them in 
 one way corrects the blunders of former states- 
 men, but he generally substitutes some blunders 
 of his own. (Laughter.) Down in Plymouth 
 there was what they call a Social Science meet- 
 ing. How can they call that science ! I read 
 the papers, and I confess I was quite surprised 
 that they called that science. Science ought 
 to proceed on some carefully ascertained data 
 leading to actual conclusions. What data 
 have they got ? I read nothing but crotchets 
 and crudities, which poured out according to 
 the fancy of the speaker. No doubt many of 
 those things may eventually be of use-to science, 
 but it is not yet come to science — it is not ma- 
 tured sufficiently to be called science. The 
 science of government and what they call social 
 science are yet in their infancy, and they have 
 notyet come to years of discretion." (Laughter. ) 
 
 27. — Meetings held to memorialise the Home 
 Secretary for a commutation of the sentence 
 passed upon the gas stokers. 
 
 — Died at Edinburgh, aged 80, the Very 
 Rev. Dean Ramsay, a popular preacher and 
 author of ' ' Reminiscences of Scottish Life and 
 Character. " 
 
 — A young woman named Britton, serving 
 in a house at Ealing Green, severely beaten by 
 her sweetheart, Walter Trinder, who after- 
 wards committed suicide bv cutting his throat. 
 
 28.— M. de Bourgoing, the French Minister 
 at the Vatican, leaves Rome. 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1873. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 28. — In a case of libel raised by the Lord 
 Provost of Glasgow against the North British 
 Daily Mail, in which the plaintiff had been 
 charged with "corruptly making use of his 
 position as a trustee under the City of Glasgow 
 Improvement Trust," the jury return a verdict 
 in his favour, damages 575/. — On the same day 
 Mr. Stannus, agent for the Hertford estates, 
 obtained 100/. damages in an action for libel 
 against the Belfast Northern Whig. 
 
 29. — The Due de Gramont explains to 
 Count Dam, as President of the Commission 
 of Inquiry, that on the 20th July, 1870, Austria 
 had distinctly promised to malce the cause 
 of France her own, and contribute to the 
 success of her armies as far as she possibly 
 could. 
 
 30. — Addressing his constituents at Oxford, 
 Mr. Vernon Harcourt objected to the use of the 
 word Liberty by Permissive Bill advocates. 
 "Liberty (he said) does not consist in making 
 others do what you think right. The difference 
 between a free Government and a Government 
 which is not free is principally this — that a 
 Government which is not free interferes with 
 everything it can, and a free Government inter- 
 feres with nothing except what it must. A 
 despotic Government tries to make everybody 
 do what it wishes ; a Liberal Government tries, 
 as far as the safety of society will permit, to 
 allow everybody to do as he wishes. It has 
 been the tradition of the Liberal party consis- 
 tently to maintain the doctrine of individual 
 liberty. It is because they have done so that 
 England is the place where people can do more 
 what they please than in any other country in 
 the world — more so than in Russia, far more 
 so, I believe, than they can do in America." 
 Regarding the Church, Mr. Harcourt asked, 
 "But why is it safe? Because the Liberal 
 party have dealt with the Church as they have 
 dealt with the Throne and with the aristocracy. 
 The Church of England is no longer the Church 
 of Laud, nor the Church of the Non -jurors. 
 The Church which was once a dominant hier- 
 archy is now the servant, as it is the creature, 
 of the State. Its doctrine and its discipline are 
 defined by statute ; its dignities are in the gift 
 of a parliamentary Minister. From being the 
 stronghold of intolerance it has become — we 
 have seen it lately in Oxford — the city of refuge 
 for freedom of opinion. Its national latitude 
 and its tolerant creed offer a liberal shelter 
 against the persecuting dogmatism of sects. Its 
 communion is free to all, without money and 
 without price. It is compulsory on none ; no 
 one now gains anything by being a Churchman 
 or loses anything through being a Dissenter. 
 The Church is safe.. But do you think that it 
 would have been safe if the Tory party had had 
 their way; if the Catholics had not been emanci- 
 pated ; if the disabilities of Dissenters had still 
 remained; if Parliament, the public service, the 
 universities had not been opened to men of 
 every creed ; if the Church had not been com- 
 pelled to exchange a persecuting priesthood for 
 97 
 
 a missionary clergy? The Reformed State 
 Church of England, too, such as we know it, 
 is the work of the Liberal party." 
 
 1873- 
 
 January 1. — The Emperor William confers 
 upon Prince Bismarck the Order of the Black 
 Eagle in brilliants on the Chancellor's retire- 
 ment from the Prussian Premiership. An ac- 
 companying letter testified to the extreme 
 sorrow with which the Emperor acceded to 
 the wish of the Prince to be relieved from the 
 Presidency of the Prussian Cabinet, but added 
 that, after the strain of body and mind involved 
 in its duties during the last ten years, the 
 Emperor could no longer refrain frorh granting 
 the relief asked for. The letter emphatically 
 acknowledged how the Imperial Chancellor's 
 counsel and assistance during the last ten years, 
 so pregnant with important events, had enabled 
 the Emperor to develop the power of Prussia 
 and to lead Germany towards unity. The name 
 of Prince Bismarck, said the Emperor, is in- 
 delibly engraved on the history of Prussia and 
 of Germany, and the highest recognition is 
 justly his due. 
 
 2. — The operation of lithotrity performed 
 upon the ex-Emperor Napoleon by Sir H. 
 Thompson. The bulletin next morning an- 
 nounced that his Majesty had passed a fair 
 night, and was free from any unfavourable 
 symptom. 
 
 4. — Suspension announced of Pawson and 
 Company, warehousemen, St. Paul's Church- 
 yard, with liabilities estimated at over 600,000/. 
 A limited company was afterwards formed to 
 take over the business. Another large failure 
 announced at this time was that of Anselmo 
 Vivauti, silk merchant, St. Mary Axe, with 
 liabilities estimated also at 600,000/. 
 
 — Declining to receive a deputation on be- 
 half of the imprisoned gas stokers, Mr. Bruce 
 causes intimation to be made from the Home 
 Office that the Home Secretary is not a court 
 of appeal from the decisions of her Majesty's 
 judges on questions of law, and has no autho- 
 rity to overrule them. The Court for the Con- 
 sideration of Crown Cases Reserved is the 
 proper tribunal to decide such questions ; and 
 if the correctness of the law laid down by the 
 judge at the trial had been doubted, it was 
 open to the counsel engaged to have asked to 
 have a case reserved for the opinion of that 
 court ; but such a course was not adopted by 
 them. The Secretary of State, therefore, must 
 decline to have any such question raised before 
 him, or to give any opinion upon it. 
 
 6. — The Daily News publishes a letter sent 
 by Mr. Bright, but written some years since by 
 Mr. Cobden, on the subject of small holdings 
 and peasant proprietors, in which the writer 
 contended that the result of a general study 
 of all the best authorities is to shov,' that there 
 
JANUARY 
 
 1873- 
 
 J 
 
 ■ANUAR V. 
 
 is a unanimity of opinion in favour of the French 
 system, on njoral grounds, as tending to elevate 
 the character, promote the intelligence, and 
 stimulate the industry of the peasantry. 
 
 — In the case of Stokes, tried for the 
 murder of Fisk a twelvemonth since in the 
 Great Central Hotel, New York, the jury 
 return a verdict of wilful murder. 
 
 7. — Seventy thousand colliers and iron- 
 workers on strike in South Wales, in resistance 
 to a threatened reduction in wages of 10 per 
 cent. At Dowlais works alone 10,000 men were 
 out. 
 
 — Count Schouvaloff arrives in England 
 on a special mission from the Czar, regarding 
 the disputed Central Asian boundary. 
 
 8, — The Duke of Somerset, speaking at 
 Newton Abbott, takes exception to Mr. Cob- 
 den's recently published opinion on the land 
 laws. " In France," he said, "the land has 
 now for fifty years or more been subdivided. 
 There is no entail there. Well, have they 
 improved in agriculture so much as we have? 
 The French have a better climate than we 
 have ; they have done away with entail, and 
 they have got subdivision of property to their 
 hearts' content, and have they improved their 
 agriculture as we have ? Certainly not. That, 
 at least, is the report made to the Government 
 by the agricultural returns which they them- 
 selves called for. I want to know what are 
 the peculiar reasons why this question of the 
 investment of capital in land is being discussed 
 It strikes me that it is not capital in land that 
 these speakers want so much as to make a little 
 capital for themselves. " 
 
 — Earl Granville writes to Lord A. Loftus 
 that Count Schouvaloff had explained the 
 Khivan expedition as intended to punish acts of 
 brigandage, to recover fifty Russian prisoners, 
 and to teach the Khan that such conduct on 
 his part could not be continued with the im- 
 punity which the moderation of Russia had 
 led him to believe. Not only was it far from 
 the intention of the Emperor to take possession 
 of Khiva, but positive orders had been issued 
 to prevent it, and directions given that the con- 
 ditions imposed should be such as could not in 
 any way lead to a prolonged occupancy of 
 Khiva. " Count Schouvaloff repeated the sur- 
 prise which the Emperor, entertaining such 
 sentiments, felt at the uneasiness which it was 
 said existed in England on the subject, and he 
 gave me to understand that I might give positive 
 assurances to Parliament on this matter." 
 
 — Bulletins issued describing the precarious 
 ■ condition of the ex-Emperor of France. 
 
 9. — Died in exile at Chiselhurst, this fore- 
 noon, Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, ex- 
 Emperor of France. He was the third son 
 of Louis King of Holland, third brother of 
 Napoleon I., and was bom at the Tuileries 
 20th April, 1808, his mother being Hortense 
 Eugenie Beauharnais, daughter of the Empress 
 
 Josephine, the great Napoleon's first wife, 
 by her first husband, the Vicomte de Beau- 
 harnais. 
 
 9. — Died, at Barcelona, where he discharged' 
 the duty of British Consul, James Hannay, 
 journalist and critic, aged 46. 
 
 10. — Despatches from Paris announce that 
 no excitement was visible consequent on the 
 Emperor's death. " Small notice is taken of 
 the event, and the few evening papers whose 
 latest news announce the Emperor's death speak 
 of it as doubtful. The Bonapartist journals — ■ 
 the J^ays and the Ordre — say that the Em- 
 peror's state is quite satisfactory. They con- 
 tinue to treat as Republican calumnies the story 
 that he is in danger, and allege particularly 
 that in a few days he will be able to sit on 
 horseba-ck without suffering as he did at Sedan. 
 It was announced to-day as the result of a post- 
 mortem examination that death had taken place 
 by failure of the circulation, and was attri- 
 butable to the general constitutional stdte of 
 the patient. The disease of the kidneys, of 
 which this state was the expression, was of such 
 a nature and so advanced that it would in any 
 case have shortly determined a fatal result. 
 
 — Disturbance on board H.M. S. Aurora 
 off Plymouth, leading to a disrating of various 
 petty officers and able seamen. 
 
 11. — ^r. Baron Pollock takes his seat in 
 the Court of Exchequer. 
 
 12. — The death of the Emperor Napoleon, 
 it is reported from Berlin, excites comparatively 
 little attention. "The press notices are brief, 
 and as a rule without bitterness. They chiefly 
 turn upon the future prospects of the Imperial 
 party. It seems to be generally thought in 
 political circles that there will soon be two 
 Bonapartist factions, one led by Prince Napo- 
 leon, and the other by the Empress Eugenie 
 and the Prince- Imperial. It is also thought 
 that the death of Napoleon III. will improve 
 the prospects of the Imperial dynasty. " 
 
 — Replying to a deputation on the Tem- 
 poral Power, M. Thiers said, "There is on 
 foot at present in Europe a crusade against the 
 Papacy. The man v/ho has placed himself at 
 the head of this campaign against the Holy 
 See is indefatigable. He is one of the greatest 
 men of this century — one of those who have 
 made the grandeur of Germany and over- 
 whelmed our country. I refer, of course, to 
 M. de Bismarck. He is now bestowing his 
 favours with profusion on Italy, which is his 
 natural ally in the great struggle on which he 
 has entered. It is evident that nothing is neg- 
 lected by this profound politician which can 
 induce Italy to enter into alliance with Prussia. - 
 Do you wish to promote the alliance? We 
 respect the rights of the Holy See ; we desire 
 that it should be fully and completely inde- 
 pendent ; but we accept accomplished facts, 
 and we shall do nothing which will separate us 
 from a King and his Ministers with whom we 
 can only express satisfaction" 
 
JANUARY 
 
 1873- 
 
 JANVAR y 
 
 IS. — Sir Bartle Frere arrives at Zanzibar. 
 
 13. — The Chancellor of the Exchequer inti- 
 mates to Sir Henry Rawlinson on the part of 
 Mr. Goschen and himself that they saw no 
 pressing reason why an Arctic expedition should 
 be sent out this year. " We give no opinion 
 as to the expediency of such an expedition at a 
 future time, but we are clearly of opinion that 
 it would not be right to send out a second scien- 
 tific expedition precisely at the moment when 
 the public revenue has to bear the main burden 
 of the expenses of the operations intrusted to 
 the Challenger. I believe it has been erro- 
 neously stated that the Challenger expedition 
 involves very little expense. -That is not so. 
 The cost has already been considerable, and 
 nothing has (been spared to ensure success. 
 There will further be an additional annual outlay 
 for three years. 
 
 — Japanese Seven per Cent. Loan of 
 2,400,000/. put on the market at 924. 
 
 — News from St. Petersburg announce 
 that an expedition to Khiva had been resolved 
 upon by a Council of Ministers. 
 
 — Currie, station-master, and Ramsay, 
 pointsman, at Kirtlebridge, on 2nd October 
 last, tried for manslaughter before the High 
 Court of Justiciary and acquitted. 
 
 — A Papal Allocution establishes an Apos- 
 tolic Vicariat for the Swiss Canton of Geneva. 
 It was read in the Catholic Churches on the 
 2nd February vfithout the sanction of the 
 Government. 
 
 14. — Seven persons burnt to death at Lich- 
 field, in a house occupied by Mr. Corfield, 
 watchmaker, adjoining that in which Dr. 
 Johnson was boi'n. 
 
 — Apologizing for inability to address his 
 constituents at this time, Mr. Bright writes to 
 a friend : — " There are two questions to which 
 you refer that are probably too large to be 
 undertaken with any degree of completeness in 
 the last years of a Parliament. I allude to the 
 state of the county representation and to the 
 land question. They seem to me the great 
 questions of the immediate future, and the 
 more they are discussed by the public the more 
 will Parliament be prepared to deal with them. 
 The question of expenditure is one which de- 
 mands resolute handling. If the present Govern- 
 ment is unable to grapple with it, it should only 
 show us how great are the interests which 
 oppose themselves to economy, and how much 
 an earnest public opinion is wanted to arrest 
 the extravagant and scandalous expenditure 
 which every statesman in turn condemns, and 
 which not one of them seems able to diminish." 
 
 15.— Funeral of the Emperor Napoleon at 
 Chiselhurst. Between 2000 and 3000 of the 
 most prominent Frenchmen in all walks of life 
 under the Empire took part in the procession, 
 and upwards of 50,000 English people congre- 
 gated to witness the passing of the co7-Uge from 
 Camden House to the little Roman Catholic 
 99 
 
 Chapel dedicated to St. Mary. The distance 
 between these two places by the carriage road 
 is about a quarter of a mile, and along both 
 sides of the common there was a dense mass of 
 people, while carriages were ranged three and 
 four deep on one side of the way. The chief 
 mourners were the Prince Imperial, Prince 
 Napoleon (Jerome), Princess Joachim and 
 Achille Murat, and M. Rouher. A deputation 
 was also present from the army of Italy. The 
 Prince Imperial met the friends of the Empire 
 in the afternoon, and was saluted as Napoleon 
 IV. 
 
 15. — Died, suddenly, J. B. Bergne, for many 
 years head of the Treaty Department of the 
 Foreign Office, which he entered in 1817. 
 
 — The Commission of the General Assembly 
 of the Church of Scotland resolve, by a majority 
 of 55 votes against 38, to forward a protest to 
 Government regarding the appointment of the 
 Rev. Dr. R. Wallace, of Old Greyfriars Church, 
 to the chair of divinity and church history in 
 the University of Edinburgli, as being likely to 
 be prejudicial to the interests of religion in 
 Scotland. 
 
 17. ^A number of applications having been 
 made by officers of the French army to attend 
 the funeral of the Emperor Napoleon, the War 
 Minister writes to Marshal McMahon : — " The 
 Government understands and respects the feel- 
 ings of gratitude and affection which a certain 
 number of officers continue to entertain for the 
 Imperial family. It will certamly attribute no 
 blame to those of them who, on the occasion 
 of the death of the Emperor, considered it their 
 duty to address letters to the Empress indivi- 
 dually in testimony of their respectful sympathy. 
 Such a course only does honour to those who 
 write them, and I am sure that it is consistent 
 with the obligations imposed upon them by 
 their duty towards the legal Government recog- 
 nized by France, for men of feeling are always 
 men faithful to their duty. But you will also 
 understand that, if I may permit some individual 
 and isolated expressions of feeling, I cannot at 
 the same time allow the army to desert its 
 purely military duties and mingle in an agita- 
 tion full of danger to discipline and the peace 
 of the country." 
 
 — The widow of Marshal Lauriston, a de- 
 scendant of the famous Law of the South Sea 
 Bubble Scheme, died in Paris, aged over 100 
 years. 
 
 — A column of United States troops de- 
 feated by Modoc Indians, intrenched in caves 
 at Kalmath, Oregon. 
 
 18. — Died at Torquay, aged 67, Edward 
 Bulwer-Lytton, Lord Lytton, novelist, poet, 
 and critic, and Secretaiy of State for the Colo- 
 nies from May 1858 to June 1859. Interred 
 in Westminster Abbey on the 25th. " With the 
 exception," the Times vifrote, " of Scott, who, 
 like Shakespeare, wrote for all men and all 
 times, it would be hard to find a novelist who 
 contributed more largely to popular enjoyment. 
 H 2 
 
JA.VUARY 
 
 1873- 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 To Loid Lytton belongs the credit of first 
 popularising what, in the modern sense of the 
 word, may be termed the political novel. His 
 novels, while invariably providing the reader 
 Vfith entertainment and diversion, invited him 
 as invariably to turn his faculties to account by 
 study, observation, and reflection." 
 
 18. — Died, suddenly, at Euston Hotel, Mr. 
 S. R. Graves, M. P. for Liverpool. 
 
 — Sir Bartle Frere entertained at a banquet 
 by the Sultan of Zanzibar. 
 
 — Dr. Gottfried Hessel, a German clergy- 
 man, arrested at Ramsgate on the charge of 
 being the murderer of Harriet Buswell, Great 
 Coram Street. After being repeatedly before 
 the magistrate, he was freely acquitted of all 
 suspicion on the 30th. 
 
 19. — Died at Oclcham Park, aged 91, the 
 Right Hon. Stephen Lushington, engaged with 
 Brougham and Denman in the defence of 
 Queen Caroline, and judge for thirty years of 
 the Court of Admiralty. 
 
 20. — Died at Stanmore, aged 74, the Hon. 
 and Rev. Baptist Noel, an Evangelical clergy- 
 man who had seceded from the Church of 
 England to the Baptist body. 
 
 — Mr. Guildford Onslow, M.P., and Mr. 
 Whalley, M.P. , fined 100/. for contempt of 
 court in speeches made at Tichborne defence 
 meetings. 
 
 — The Pope receives a deputation from the 
 British section of the League of St. Sebastian, 
 recently organized to maintain the temporal 
 powers of the Holy See. 
 
 21. — Defending Roman Catholic loyalty at 
 Sheffield, Archbishop Manning asks ; How 
 could Catholics, who believed that the Church 
 was one, identify themselves very closely with a 
 State which admitted all creeds and all forms 
 of worship on the sajne level ? How could they 
 be in sympathy vrith a State which encouraged 
 secular education ? Was there any wonder that 
 under such circumstances as these Catholics 
 should isolate themselves? But who was in 
 fault? Catholics remained true to the prin- 
 ciples which had united the Christian world, 
 and they could not compromise those principles. 
 But outside that circle, and in all things that 
 did not hinge upon their duty to God, they 
 were the staunchest and the most loyal of 
 Englishmen. Lord Denbigh some years ago 
 defined the position clearly when he declared 
 that he was a Catholic first and an Englishman 
 afterwards. Dr. Manning then went on to 
 remark that it was said that Ultramontanism 
 was opposed to progress, but he could not 
 pretend to understand this assertion. The 
 Christian world was created by Christianity. 
 Christianity was the Church ; the Popes were 
 the head of the Church. The Papacy was 
 Ultramontanism, and Ultramontanism, there- 
 fore, had brought about the advancement made 
 up to the sixteenth century. 
 100 
 
 21.— The masses at Paris for the Emperor 
 NapoIeon,attended by large numbers of friends 
 of the Empire. 
 
 22. — iV crime of unusual magnitude and 
 inhumanity was committed this evening near 
 midnight about two miles off Dungeness, by 
 the Spanish steamer Murillo running down the 
 emigrant ship Northfleet, and heartlessly leaving 
 over three hundred people to perish without 
 the slightest offer of assistance. The ship 
 Northfleet, Captain Knowles, 895 tons register, 
 bound from London to Hobart Town, with a 
 cargo of railway iron and emigrants, was at 
 anchor or at the tress at eleven o'clock, with 
 mast-head light burning, when she was run 
 into and sunk about three-quarters of an hour 
 afterwards. The panic on board was described 
 as terrible. The screams of the women and 
 children were heard for miles, but' the foreign 
 steamer took no notice, nor could she be iden- 
 tified for several weeks. The pilot on duty 
 said that when he was sitting in the saloon he 
 heard the anchor watch cry out, ' ' Pilot, pilot, 
 come out!" He immediately rushed on deck, 
 and was just able to see a steamer backing out 
 from amidships. He saw that the riding light 
 was burning properly. He instructed the cap- 
 tain to give orders to set the pumps to work, 
 and then conferred with the captain as to what 
 should be done next. The latter instructed that 
 signals of distress should be burned. All the 
 rockets that were on board the ship were sent 
 up in succession. During the time there was 
 great confusion among the passengers, and 
 signs of distress among the women when 
 they saw the ship was sinking. The quarter- 
 boats were lowered, and the captain, who 
 retained perfect self-possession, ordered that 
 the women and children should at once be got 
 into them. There was a great rush of male 
 passengers towards the boats, and, as far as 
 witness could see, a boat, full of men, was cut 
 away from the ship's davits. Two boats put 
 away full of people. The ship was then rapidly 
 settling down, and witness went into the rigging. 
 He saw a number of persons struggling in the 
 water. On recovering himself he was just able 
 to see the mizzentop crosstree out of the water, 
 and swam towards it. He clung to it till he 
 was taken off. Out of the 412 passengers and 
 crew only 85 persons were saved, and brought 
 in a steamer and a lugger to the Sailors' Home 
 at Dover. The wife of the captain was among 
 the survivors. One man was shot in the leg 
 by the captain, while endeavouring to prevent 
 the passengers from crowding into the boats ; 
 the unfortunate commander, who displayed 
 great heroism, went down with his vessel. 
 Besides Mrs. Knowles, a woman with her baby 
 and a little girl were saved. 
 
 — What was announced as the last execution 
 of Communist prisoners, three in number, takes 
 place at Satory. 
 
 — The case of Baily (appellant) v. Wil- 
 liamson (respondent), raising the question of 
 the right of public meeting in the Royal parks 
 
yANUARY 
 
 I873- 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 in the metropolis, argued in the Court of 
 Queen's Bench, and the conviction of the 
 pohce magistrate affirmed, tlius establishing the 
 validity of the new rule. 
 
 23. — Establishment of a parcel post between 
 England and India. 
 
 — Prince Arthur of England received by the 
 Pope at a special audience at Rome. 
 
 f 24. — The St. Petersburg Official Gazette 
 announces that the recent "exchange of ideas" 
 between the English and Russian Governments 
 has been friendly, and shows "no divergence 
 of views." 
 
 — A deputation from the National Edu- 
 cation Union wait upon Mr. Gladstone to urge 
 "that compulsory education should be made 
 general, but that in districts where no school 
 boards have been elected, and where, owing to 
 there being sufficient school accommodation, it 
 is not desirable that any should be elected, the 
 compulsory provisions should be carried out by 
 the boards of guardians ; and, lastly and chiefly, 
 that the right of parents to select the school 
 to which their children shall be sent, as em- 
 bodied in the 25th section of the Education 
 Act, shall be maintained." Mr. Gladstone 
 thanked the deputation, and promised con- 
 sideration of their requests. 
 
 \ 26. — Died, at Lisbon, the Dowager Empress 
 Amelia of Brazil, widow of Pedro I. 
 
 — Died, at Florence, Miss Jane Blagden, 
 authoress, the faithful companion and nurse of 
 Mrs. Browning. 
 
 27. — Died, at Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 aged 87, Adam Sedgwick, LL.D., an eminent 
 geologist and Woodwardian Professor, who had 
 graduated at Trinity as far back as 1808, when 
 he was fifth Wrangler, the late Lord Langdale 
 being senior, and the late Bishop of London, 
 Dr. Blomfield, third. Professor Sedgwick was 
 senior of his college at death. 
 
 — Sir George Honyraan takes his seat in 
 the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 28. — The French Commission of Thirty 
 adopt the principle of a Second Chamber, but 
 without deciding on the way in which it is to 
 be elected or what are to be its functions. 
 
 29. — Mr. Skipworth, barrister, sentenced to 
 three months' imprisonment and a tine of 500/. 
 for contempt of court in his speeches at various 
 towns on the Tichborne case. The Claimant 
 was also ordered to find bail for three months. 
 
 — Died, aged 86, the Dowager Lady Brid- 
 port. Duchess of Bronte, niece of Lord Nelson. 
 
 — A deputation complaining of the Civil 
 Service Stores to-day waiting upon Mr. Lowe ; 
 he said the Clubs themselves were co-operating, 
 "and I am told that persons find they save 30 
 per cent, by co-operation. I say you should 
 meet this state of things in the only way you 
 can meet it — by competing with the stores. If 
 you have not enough capital, let several of you 
 combine, and unless you meet these circum- 
 
 stances by competition, you must make up your 
 mind you will be driven out of the market, if 
 people want credit, they will go to a respectable 
 tradesman ; but when people go with ready 
 money, they will go to the cheapest market, 
 and no agitation you can enter upon will keep 
 the public from doing the best with ready 
 money. " 
 
 31. — In the case of the gas stokers sentenced 
 by Mr. Justice Brett to twelve months' imprison- 
 ment, her Majesty gives effect to a recommend- 
 ation made by tlie Home Secretary for a re- 
 mission of eight months of the punishment. 
 
 — Meeting in St. James's Hall to resist the 
 proposals for removing the Athanasian Creed 
 from the Prayer Book, or rendering its use 
 optional. 
 
 February 1. — General Von Kaufmann leaves 
 St. Petersburg for Tashkend to organize the 
 IChivan expedition. 
 
 — The Duke of Cambridge issues a circular 
 disapproving of officers petitioning Parliament 
 for redress of grievances. 
 
 — Died aged 67, Commodore Maury, for- 
 merly of the United States Navy, and author 
 of "The Physical Geography of the Sea." 
 
 2. — Heavy snow-storm in London, leading 
 to an almost entire stoppage of street traffic. 
 
 3. — New Naval College at Greenwich 
 opened. 
 
 — Intimation made that Government would 
 be prepared, under the exceptional circum- 
 stances of the apprehension and examination of 
 Dr. Hessel, to defray the reasonable costs in- 
 curred in his defence, and also to provide 
 the necessary funds for the passage fares to 
 Brazil of Dr. and Mrs. Hessel. " I am 
 further," writes Mr. Cavendish, of the Treasury, 
 "desired by Mr. Gladstone to request you to 
 express to Dr. Hessel his sympathy for the 
 painful position in which he has been placed." 
 The doctor was afterwards presented with a 
 public testimonial of over 1000/. as a mark of 
 sympathy under the unmerited indignities to 
 which he had been subjected. 
 
 4. — The London coal merchants advance the 
 price of coals from 37J. to 45 j. per ton. 
 
 — Mrs. Knowles, widow of the captain of 
 the Northfleet, awarded a pension of 50/. per 
 annum from the Civil List. 
 
 5. — Robert C. M. Bowles, banker, acquitted 
 at the Central Criminal Court of the charge of 
 unlawfully pledging and converting to his own 
 use and that of his firm 200 Lombardo- Venetian 
 Railway Bonds which had been deposited with 
 the firm for a particular purpose, 
 
 — The Hawaiian Legislature proclaim 
 Prince Lunahlo as King of the Sandwich Is- 
 lands. 
 
 — Extradition Treaty concluded between 
 Great Britain and Italy. 
 
 lOI 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1873- 
 
 FEBRUARY' 
 
 5. — The Burmese mission take leave of her 
 Majesty at Osborne. 
 
 6. — Parliament opened by Commission, the 
 Royal Speech making reference to Sir Bartle 
 Frere's mission to Zanzibar, the decision of the 
 German Emperor on the San Juan reference, 
 the Geneva arbitration, and the French Com- 
 mercial Treaty. On the Central Asian question 
 it was said : — "It has been for some years felt 
 by the Governments of Russia and the United 
 Kingdom respectively, that it would be con- 
 ducive to the tranquillity of Central Asia if the 
 two Governments should arrive at an identity 
 of view regarding the line which describes the 
 northern frontier of the dominions of Affghan- 
 istan. Accordingly a correspondence has passed, 
 of which this is the main subject. Its tenor, no 
 less than its object, will, I trust, be approved by 
 the public opinion of both nations. " Bills were 
 promised for settling the question of University 
 Education in Ireland, and for the promotion- of 
 a Supreme Court of Judicature, including pro- 
 vision for the trial of appeals. Address agreed 
 to without a division. 
 
 — Payment of l50,ooo,ooofr., the second 
 on the fourth milliard, made by the French 
 Government to Germany. 
 
 — "Hoax" attempted upon Dr. Cumming 
 at Brighton, a telegram intimating that the 
 Pope had died this morning being put into his 
 hand as he was stepping on the platform to 
 deliver a lecture on "The Pope and his work 
 in England." 
 
 8. — The Count de Chambord writes to 
 Bishop Dupfinloup : — " Believe me, notwith- 
 standing all its failings, France has not so far 
 lost the sentiment of honour. It no more under- 
 stands the head of the House of Bourbon 
 denying the standard of Algiers than it would 
 have understood the Bishop of Orleans con- 
 senting to occupy a seat in the French 
 Academy in company of sceptics and atheists. 
 I have not learned with less pleasure than the 
 true friends of the coimtry the presence of the 
 Princes, my cousins, at the Chapelle Expiatoire 
 on January 20 ; for, in appearing there to pray 
 publicly in that monument consecrated to the 
 memory of the Martyr King, they must have 
 felt the full influence of a place so propitious to 
 great teaching and generous inspirations. I 
 have, then, neither sacrifices to make nor con- 
 ditions to receive. I expect little from the 
 ability of man, and much from the justice of 
 God. When I am too bitterly tried, a glance 
 at the Vatican re-animates my courage and 
 strengtliens my hopes. It is at this school of 
 the illustrious captive that one acquires the 
 .spirit of firmness, resignation, and peace — of 
 that peace which is assured to everyone who 
 takes his conscience as his guide, and Pius IX. 
 as his model." 
 
 — Kew bridge opened free of toll, the 
 Lord Mayor and Sheriffs marching across at 
 the head of a procession. 
 
 102 
 
 8. — The French Committee of Thirty appoint 
 the Uuc de Broglie as their reporter. 
 
 9. — Died, at Vienna, aged 83, the Dowager 
 Empress Caroline Augusta, widow of the 
 Emperor Francis. 
 
 10. — Mr. Charles Reade obtains 200/. 
 damages in an action against the Morning Ad- 
 vertiser for a criticism judged to be libellous on 
 the plaintiffs dramatic piece " Shilly Shally." 
 
 — The Home Secretary submits to the 
 Commons the new rules framed under the 
 Parks Regulation Act, superseding those pre- 
 viously put in force by Mr. Ayrton. The new 
 regulations provided that no public address of 
 an unlawful character, or for an unlawful pur- 
 pose, could be delivered in the Park, nor any 
 assembly of persons permitted unless conducted 
 in a decent and orderly manner. 
 
 11. — King Amadeus of Spain announces to 
 the Cortes his intention to abdicate. It was 
 a great honour, he said, to preside over the 
 destinies of a country, however profoundly dis- 
 turbed it might be, and he had resolved to 
 keep his oath and respect the Constitution, 
 believing that his loyalty would compensate for 
 the errors due to his inexperience. "My good 
 wishes," adds the King, "have deceived me, 
 for Spain lives in the midst of a perpetual con- 
 flict. If my enemies had been foreigners, I 
 would not abandon the task, but they are 
 Spaniards. I wish neither to be the King of a 
 party nor to act illegally ; but believing all my 
 efforts to be sterile, I renounce the Crown for 
 myself, my sons, and heirs." The President 
 then proposed that the King's message should 
 be sent to the Senate, and that both Chambers 
 should unite and assume the sovereignty. The 
 abdication of the King was unanimously ac- 
 cepted, and the Cortes appointed a commission 
 to draw up a reply to his Majesty's message. 
 It was therein declared that "if any human 
 forces could restrain the inevitable course of 
 events, your Majesty, by your constitutional 
 education and your respect for constituted right, 
 would have completely and absolutely averted 
 them. Penetrated with this truth, the Cortes, 
 if it had been in their power, would have made 
 the utmost sacrifice to persuade your Majesty 
 to desist from yoar resolution and withdraw 
 your abdication. But the knowledge they have 
 of the unbending character of your Majesty, the 
 justice they do to the maturity of your ideas 
 and to your perseverance in your resolutions, 
 impede the Cortes from asking your Majesty to 
 reconsider your determination, and bind them 
 to notify you that they have assumed to them- 
 selves the supreme power and sovereignty of 
 the nation, in order, under circumstances so 
 critical, to provide, with the rapidity counselled 
 by the gravity of the danger and the supreme 
 crisis for the salvation of the democracy, the 
 basis of our politics ; of liberty, the soul of our 
 rights ; and of the nation, which is our mother, 
 immortal and beloved." 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1873- 
 
 FP.BRUARV 
 
 11 — Convocation of the Province of Can- 
 terbury meet in the Jerusalem Chamber, West- 
 minster, the Upper House engaging in a debate 
 on an increase of the Episcopate, and the 
 Lovirer on the Rubrics, the Burial Service, 
 and Athanasian Creed. On the latter question, 
 a Synodal Declaration was agreed upon after 
 a long debate. 
 
 12. — Suspension announced of Peter Lawson 
 and Sons, seedsmen, established in Edinburgh 
 over a century. 
 
 — Sir T. Chambers' Marriage with a De- 
 ceased Wife's Sister Bill read a second time in 
 the Commons by 126 to 87 votes. 
 
 — The Spanish Assembly elect a govern- 
 ment of Republicans and Radicals under the 
 presidency of Senor Figueras. 
 
 — King Amadeus and the Queen with their 
 children leave Madrid for Lisbon, escorted by 
 a guard of honour as far as the frontier. 
 
 13. — The Lord Chancellor introduces a 
 measure for the establislmient of a Supreme 
 Court of Judicature and a Court of Appeal. 
 The Lord Chief Justice, he explained, was to 
 preside over the High Court, composed of four 
 divisions, representing respectively the Court 
 of Queen's Bench, the Court of Chancery, the 
 Court of Common Pleas, and the Court of Ex- 
 chequer. Each of these subordinate Courts 
 was to have, in a general way, jurisdiction in 
 all cases ; and there would, therefore, be com- 
 menced a fusion of Law and Equity. The 
 House of Lords was to cease from its judicial 
 functions in English appeals, which were to be 
 transferred to the Court of Appeal, consisting 
 exclusively of Judges under the presidency of 
 the Lord Chancellor. But the existing pro- 
 cedure was still to apply to appeals from Scot- 
 land and Ireland ; and Lord Selborne abstained 
 from touching the subject of ecclesiastical juris- 
 diction, this being, as he observed, sui gen-cyis, 
 and interfering with it at present would only 
 diminish the prospect of passing any measure 
 whatever. 
 
 — Mr. Gladstone submits to the Commons 
 his scheme for dealing with Irish University 
 Education. He proposed to separate Trinity 
 College, Dublin, from the Dublin University, 
 and the Theological Faculty from Trinity Col- 
 lege, Dublin. The precedent of England was 
 to be followed in drawing a distinction, not 
 merely theoretical, between the University and 
 the College or Colleges in union with it ; and 
 the Theological Faculty was to be lianded over 
 to the Representative Body of the disestablished 
 Irish Church, vrith a fund to be administered 
 in trust to the purposes for which the Faculty 
 had hitherto existed. The newly constituted 
 Dublin University was to be a teaching as well 
 as an examining body, though, on account of 
 the unduly sensitive state of the Irish mind, 
 neither theology, modem history, nor moral 
 and metaphysical philosophy were to have a 
 recognized place in- the curriculum. The 
 
 Governing Body of the University would con- 
 tain twenty-eight ordinary members, to be 
 nominated in the first place by Parliament ; 
 but it was hoped that in ten years' time the 
 University itself would be in a fit state to take 
 its share in appointing its own governors. The 
 University funds were to come in different pro- 
 portions from the revenues of Trinity College, 
 Dublin, from the Consolidated Fund, from the 
 fees of students, and from the surplus of Irish 
 ecclesiastical property. Trinity College, the 
 Colleges at Cork and Belfast, and, if the rulers 
 of those voluntary bodies thought fit, Magee 
 College, and the so-called Roman Catholic 
 University, would at once become members of 
 the new University, which might hereafter be 
 made still more comprehensive. The scheme 
 was favourably received at first, but latterly 
 gave rise to much hostile criticism both in and 
 out of the House. 
 
 14. — Seiior Figueras receives General 
 Sickles, the United States Minister at Madrid, 
 who officially recognizes the Spanish Republic. 
 
 — Five young women burned to death at 
 Liverpool in a fire on the premises of Rushton, 
 Cooper, and Dunderdale, spice and rice mer- 
 chants. 
 
 15. — A partial settlement of the South Wales 
 strike effected, 4,000 men now resuming work ; 
 the wages paid for the first fortnight to be 5 
 per cent, lower than in December 1872, during 
 March to be the same as December 1872, and 
 from March to July 5 per cent, higher than at 
 the close of last year. 
 
 17.— Monsignor Mermillod expelled from 
 Swiss territory by the Federal Council. He 
 afterwards explained that the Holy See had ap- 
 pointed him to the office of Apostolic Vicarial 
 because the Catholics had no longer a spiritual 
 head, and because the form was one always 
 used by the Holy See whenever there was a 
 conflict of jurisdiction and it was desired to 
 pave the way to an agreement. Monsignor 
 Mermillod further declared that the Apostolic 
 Vicariat was in no way identical with the 
 erection of a diocesan see. Secondly, that the 
 measure was temporary and provisional. 
 Thirdly, that it attempted nothing against the 
 rights of the State. Fourthly, that far from 
 closing the pending negotiations between 
 Church and State in Switzerland, it left the 
 door open to every attempt at a treatment of 
 the matters in dispute. The Bishop further 
 added, that there were only three practical solu- 
 tions of the problem of the relations of Church 
 and State — viz., complete liberty, as in England 
 and America ; an agreement in the nature of 
 a Concordat ; or oppression. M. Mermillod 
 was afterwards arrested and removed to Ferney. 
 
 18. — Joseph Xavier de Lizardi, of Lancaster 
 Gate, examined at the Mansion House on a 
 charge of obtaining 12,000/. by false pretences 
 from Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie and Co., in so 
 far as he had handed over as part security a bill 
 of, lading for 1,300 quarters of wheat sold some 
 103 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 187.^ 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 days previously to another firm. Lizardi after- 
 wards absconded. 
 
 18. — Explosion at Talke Colliery, causing 
 the death of twenty workmen, all engaged 
 in the seam where the accident occurred. 
 
 19. — Dr. Duggan, Bishop of Clonfert, ac- 
 quitted on the charge of inciting certain Gal- 
 way electors to attack Captain Trench. This 
 being the third acquittal in connection with 
 the Galway election, the remaining prosecutions 
 were abandoned. 
 
 — Army Estimates for the current year 
 issued, showing the net charge to be 
 13,231,400/., and the total number of men 
 128,968. 
 
 ~- The four hundredth anniversary of the 
 birthday of Copernicus celebrated at Thorn in 
 Prussia. 
 
 20. — The Earl of Rosebery moves, but 
 withdraws after debate, a motion for the ap- 
 pointment of a Royal Commission to inquire 
 into the alleged scarcity and deterioration of 
 English horses. Earl Granville suggested a 
 Select Committee as the proper tribunal for 
 making the necessary inquiries, a suggestion 
 afterwards carried into effect. 
 
 — On the subject of the Athanasian Creed, 
 the Lower House of Convocation of the North- 
 em Province, agree *' That inasmuch as Holy 
 Scriptures, in divers places, doth promise life to 
 them that believe, and declare the condemna- 
 tion of them that believe not, so doth the 
 Church, in sundry clauses of this confession, 
 declare the necessity of holding fast the 
 Christian faith, and the great peril of rejecting 
 the same. Nevertheless, the Church doth not 
 therein pronounce judgment upon particular 
 persons, the Great Judge of all being alone able 
 to discern who they are who in this matter are 
 guilty before Him. Moreover, the warnings 
 contained in this creed are not otherwise to be 
 understood than as the like warnings set forth 
 in Holy Scripture." 
 
 20. — Her Majesty visits the Empress 
 Eugenie at Chiselhurst for the first time since 
 the death of the Emperor. 
 
 21. — The Due de Broglie reads to the As- 
 sembly the report of the Committee of Thirty. 
 The document described the labours of the 
 Commission, its relations with the Government, 
 and the principal alternatives which have ex- 
 cited discussions. It dealt successively with 
 the relations of the existing powers. Ministerial 
 responsibility, the Second Chamber, electoral 
 reforms, and the transmission of powers, and 
 explained the patriotic reasons which induced 
 the vote of the Commission. The report con- 
 cluded with the projet de loi, and article 4, 
 adopted at the last sitting of the Commission, 
 in the following terms: — " i. The National 
 Assembly will not separate until it has made 
 provision respecting the organization and the 
 mode of transmission of Legislative and Execu- 
 tive powers. 2. Respecting the creation and 
 104 
 
 the functions of a Second Chamber, which is 
 not to come into operative existence until after 
 the separation of the present Assembly. 3. 
 Respecting the electoral law. The Govern- 
 ment will submit to the Assembly bills upon the 
 subjects above-mentioned. " 
 
 22. — In the case of the appeal of Mr. Edwin 
 James to be reinstated as a member of the Eng- 
 lish bar, the judges decide that no adequate 
 cause had been shown for reversing the decision 
 of the benchers of the Inner Temple, and he 
 could not therefore be re-admitted to practice at 
 the bar. 
 
 — The report of the Emma Silver Mining 
 Company (Limited) states that there have been 
 paid to the shareholders thirteen monthly divi- 
 dends, amounting to 193,532/., while, on finally 
 making up tlie accounts to the end of Decem- 
 ber, it turns out that the funds available 
 amounted only to 185,658/., leaving a de- 
 ficiency of 7,874'. This result was attributed 
 chiefly to the disastrous flooding of the mine in 
 June, and the litigation consequent on the 
 hostile action of the Illinois Turmel Com- 
 pany. 
 
 23. — Died, aged 81, the Rev. Dr. Thomas 
 Barclay, Principal of the Univereity of Glas- 
 gow. He was succeeded by Dr. John Caird. 
 
 24. — Mr. Cardwell introduces the Army 
 Estimates for 1873-4^ 
 
 — The Japanese Government annuls the 
 edict against the Christian religion, and libe- 
 rates all Christians imprisoned under it since 
 1870. 
 
 — ■ Died at St. Leonards-on-the-Sea, aged 
 70, the Rev. Thomas Guthrie, D. D. , Free 
 Church clergyman, and editor of the "Sunday 
 Magazine." 
 
 — Discussing the new frontier line to the 
 north of Affghanistan at a meeting of the Royal 
 Geographical Societv, Sir Henry Rawlinson-and 
 Lord Lawrence highly approved of fixing the 
 line of the Oxus, and were agreed that, although 
 invasion from the Attrak valley by way of 
 Persia might be possible enough, on the side of 
 Badakshan it was quite impracticable. Lord 
 Lawrence said it would be "insanity" on the 
 part of Russia to think of the attempt. Sir 
 Henry explained how the doubt had arisen as 
 to whether Badakshan, geographically and 
 politically, had always in reality been subject 
 to Affghanistan. Russia had always believed, 
 or professed to believe, in maps v/hose falsity 
 has been proved to demonstration. They were 
 based partly on forgeries by a German klap- 
 roth, who described, and circumstantially 
 mapped out, a country he had never travelled, 
 ]5artly on charts done in squares by a Chinese 
 expedition ; and, as it happened, the particular 
 squares comprising the country in dispute had 
 been turned side^vays in fitting them together. 
 Thus a mountain range that actually runs from 
 east to west had been represented as running 
 from north to south. 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1873. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 25. — Opposition to Mr. Gladstone's Irish 
 University Bill. At a meeting of the Senate 
 of Dublin University, Sir Joseph Napier ex- 
 pressed an opinion that the governing scheme 
 was one of the most astounding academic con- 
 stitutions which it could ever have entered into 
 the head of a man to devise. Mr. Gladstone's 
 description of the University, as in a state of 
 absolute servitude and bondage, from which he 
 was anxious to deliver it, was rather a carica- 
 ture to excite a laugh than a statement to form 
 the basis of legislation. Dr. Hart proposed 
 the adoption of a petition complaining that the 
 proposal to substitute for the two existing 
 Universities a single central body with a 
 monopoly of granting degrees would lower the 
 standard of Academic attainments, and declar- 
 'jig that the evil would be aggravated by the 
 affiliation of small provincial schools or colleges. 
 The Roman Catholic prelates also held meet- 
 ings to oppose the scheme, joining in a decla- 
 ration : — "That, viewing with alarm the wide- 
 spread ruin caused by godless systems of educa- 
 tion, and adhei-ing to the declarations of the 
 Holy See, we reiterate the condemnation of 
 mixed education as fraught with danger to that 
 divine faith which is to be prized above all 
 
 earthly things That the distinguished 
 
 proposer of this measure, proclaiming as he 
 does in his opening speech that the condition 
 of Roman Catholics in Ireland in regard to 
 university education is 'miserably bad,' 'scan- 
 dalously bad,' and professing to redress this 
 admitted grievance, brings forward a measure 
 singularly inconsistent with his professions, 
 because, instead of redressing, it perpetuates 
 that grievance, upholding two out of three of 
 the Queen's Colleges, and planting in the 
 metropolis two other great teaching institu- 
 tions the same in principle with the Queen's 
 Colleges. . . . That, as the legal owners of 
 the Catholic University, and at the same time 
 acting on behalf of the Catholic people of 
 Ireland, for whose advantage and by whose 
 generosity it has been established, in the exer- 
 cise of that right of ownership, we will not 
 consent to the affiliation of the Catholic Univer- 
 sity to the new University, unless the proposed 
 scheme be largely modified ; and we have the 
 same objection to the affiliation of other Catholic 
 Colleges in Ireland." 
 
 — Died, aged 81, Henry Lester Horn, 
 the oldest midshipman in the Navy, having 
 been present with the fleet at Corunnain 1809, 
 and again on a perilous service in Quiberon 
 Bay. His father. Lieutenant James Horn, 
 when stationed at Gi'avesend, in charge of the 
 pressgang, during the Mutiny at the Nore, per- 
 formed the hazardous service of carrying a des- 
 patch from the Lords of the Admiralty to the 
 admiral, which resulted in the tennination of 
 the mutiny, and the re-opening of the naviga- 
 tion of the Thames. For this he received, a 
 silver salver from the merchants of the City of 
 London. 
 
 26. — Died, aged 69, Sir WilLam Fry 
 
 Channell, formerly a Baron of the Court of 
 
 Exchequer. 
 
 27. — The House of Lords reject the Chelsea 
 Waterworks Bill by 70 votes against 29, 
 thus seeking to preserve the beauty of the 
 Thames between Hampton Court and Ditton, 
 
 28. — The first contested School Board elec- 
 tion in Scotland takes place in the parish of 
 Eastwood. 
 
 — Died, aged 74, Robert Graves, the last 
 member of the Associate Engravers of the old 
 class of the Royal Academy. Mr. Graves was 
 elected a member of the Royal Academy in 
 1836, at which election (the only time in one 
 hundred years) a ballot was not necessary, the 
 candidate having obtained the whole of the 
 votes of the academicians present. 
 
 March 1. — Collision in the Irish Channel 
 soon after midnight between the sailing vessel 
 Chacabuco from San Franc'sco to Liverpool, 
 and the steamer Torch from Liverpool to 
 Dublin. The captain, pilot, and twenty-two 
 of the crew went down with the sailing ship. 
 
 — Discovery of extensive forgeries of bills 
 on City houses, discounted by the Bank of 
 England ; and a reward issued for the appre- 
 hension of Frederick Albert Warren, one of 
 the Bidwell gang. 
 
 3. — Mr. Gladstone's motion for the second 
 reading of the Irish University Bill met with 
 an amendment by Mr. Bourke, expressing 
 regret that the Government had not stated the 
 names of the twenty-eight members (^ the 
 governing body. In anticipation of this objec- 
 tion, the Prime Minister remarked that it 
 would be the wish of the Government to 
 select men of the greatest weight to serve on 
 the governing body without reference to their 
 political opinions or to the course they might 
 have taken with regard to the bill, but it 
 would be impossible to ask such men to rmder- 
 take the duty until the bill had made some way 
 in Committee. If, indeed, they were willing 
 to serve before they knew what shape the bill 
 vi'ould take, they would not be fit for the posi- 
 tion. That the refusal of the Government to 
 take this course should be made the subject of 
 a vote of censure was a fact worthy of com- 
 memoration in parliamentai7 history. Debate 
 adjourned. 
 
 — ,Died, Dr. Robert Buchanan, M.A., late 
 Professor of Logic in Glasgow University. 
 
 4. — Mr. PlimsoH moves for a Royal Com- 
 mission to inquire into the condition of, and 
 certain practices connected with, the com- 
 mercial marine of the United Kingdom, men- 
 tioning in connection with his proposal thatthere 
 had perished at sea in 1868, 2,488 men ; 1869, 
 2,821 ; 1870, 3,411 ; 1871, 2,2o5; making a 
 total of 11,016, or an average of 2, 754lives per 
 annum. Mr. Fortescue, on the part of the 
 Government, assented to the appointment of a 
 105 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 Royal Commission, but suggested such a 
 change in the language of the motion as 
 would point the attention of the Commission 
 to the various causes of shipwreck, with the 
 view of suggesting remedies. 
 
 , 4. — After a two hours' speech from M. 
 Thiers, the Assembly votes the preamble of 
 the Due de Broglie's bill by 475 to 199 votes. 
 " I am," said M. Thiers, " the President of the 
 Republic, and I promised you to restore intact 
 the powers entrusted to me. ( Bravos from the 
 Left). I shall not allow it to be interfered 
 with by any interest ; but it is an incontestable 
 and undeniable fact that what has been en- 
 trusted to me was the Conservative Republic. 
 There are very respectable men who prefer the 
 monarchy to the Republic, but if we speak as 
 honest men, it must be confessed that it would 
 be very difficult at present to establish a 
 monarchy. (A cry from the Right of ' diffi- 
 cult, thanks to you ! ') Gentlemen, let us have 
 political as we have religious toleration. Poli- 
 tical toleration does not mean the abandon- 
 ment of Faith, just as religious toleration is not 
 apostasy. It is a respect for the opinion of 
 others ; it is admitting that a man may serve 
 another form of government to ours without 
 being a bad citizen. Monarchy is impossible, 
 and the definitive and immediate Republic is 
 wanted. " 
 
 — President Grant enters on his second term 
 of office with a message to Congress, declaring 
 that his efforts "will be directed to the re- 
 establishment of good feeling between the 
 different sections of our common country, the 
 restoration of the currency to a fixed value com- 
 pared* with the standard value of gold, possibly 
 to a par with it ; the construction of cheap 
 routes, the maintenance of friendly relations 
 with all our neighbours, as well as with distant 
 nations, the re-establishment of our commerce, 
 and the recovery of our share of the carrying 
 trade on the ocean, the encouragement of 
 manufacturing industries, the elevation of 
 labour, and the civilization of the aborigines 
 under the benign influence of education — 
 either this, or war to extermination. Our 
 superiority in strength aod the advantages we 
 derive from civilization should make us lenient 
 towards the Indian ; the wrong already inflicted 
 leaves a balance to his credit, and the question 
 to be considered is, ' Cannot the Indian be 
 made a useful member of society by proper 
 teaching and treatment ! ' For the future, 
 while I hold office, the subject of the acquisition 
 of territory must have the support of the 
 American people before I recommend it. I 
 do not share the apprehension that there is a 
 danger of governments becorhing weakened or 
 destroyed by extension. As commerce, educa- 
 tion, and the rapid transit of thought and 
 matter by telegraph and steam have changed 
 everything ; I rather think that the Great 
 Maker is preparing the world to become one 
 liation, speaking one language — a consumma- 
 tion which will render armies and navies no 
 106 
 
 longer necessary. I will encourage and sup^ 
 port any recommendations of Congress tending 
 towards such ends." 
 
 4. — Sir James Fergu.sson, Bart., gazetted to 
 be Governor and Commander-in-Chief of New 
 Zealand and its dependencies. 
 
 — In hi^ evidence before the Select Com- 
 mittee on Endowed Schools, Lord I^yttelton 
 said he held that no man ought after his death 
 to be able to direct the application of his pro- 
 perty ; " It should be left to the common- 
 wealth to deal with it after a certain time, and 
 so all restrictions in section 19 should be re- 
 moved. Nothing is more sacred than a trust, 
 but it ought not to be perpetual. The time 
 will come when it will be held to be a super- 
 stition that a dying man may direct what is to 
 be done with his property." 
 
 — Replying to remonstrances forwarded to 
 him from the Mess of the Northern Circuit, 
 regarding a supposed slight on the Attorney- 
 General of the County Palatine, who had been 
 passed over in the case of the Queen v. Cotton, 
 Sir John Coleridge writes : — "There either is 
 a right in Mr. Aspinall or there is not ; and 
 although it is for the Treasury and not for me 
 to decide, I certainly think that the Treasury 
 have decided rightly in the negative. If then, 
 as I think, there is no right, I am unable to 
 perceive upon what ground the Mess of the 
 Northern Circuit should apply to the Attorney- 
 General that any particular gentleman should 
 represent him in any particular case. It would 
 be highly inconvenient if in any instance where 
 the choice of the Attorney- General was dis- 
 approved of by the Mess he should be applied 
 to by resolution to alter his choice, and direct 
 a gentleman indicated to him by such resolu- 
 tion to be instructed to represent him. With a 
 very earnest wish to avoid offence, I must 
 dechne to be a party to any such proceeding." 
 
 5. — Speaking at Croydon on the occasion of 
 presenting a portrait to Mr. Locke King, M. P. 
 for East Surrey, Mr. Gladstone praised the 
 guest of the evening as combining political in- 
 dependence with that regard to party ties 
 without which political progress was impossible. 
 " We are in the middle," he said, "of an ad- 
 journed debate, and that adjourned debate is 
 upon a vote of censure. What is it about ? It 
 may seem strange to some that all this row 
 should exist about an Irish University Bill ; 
 but somehow or other an Irish question is very 
 commonly found to be a suitable and con- 
 venient subject for a row, and as to this Irish 
 question in particular, it seems to have acquired 
 a peculiar aptitude for this purpose, arising out 
 of the joint operation of two circumstances— 
 firstly, that it is rooted in a real necessity for 
 legislation ; and, secondly, that this legislation 
 has been pressed upon the Government for, I 
 think, three, if not four, of the successive years 
 of its existence with such eagerness and urgency, 
 and our plea that we were otherwise occupied 
 has been so scornfully rejected by some, that it 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 has only been by an appeal to the confidence of 
 the House of Commons — by what is called 
 staking our existence on the issue — that we 
 have been able to secure for ourselves the 
 opportunity of dealing with it at all, and pre- 
 senting to that House the views which we 
 might conscientiously entertain. Well, we 
 have done that, and in the midst of the din of 
 the battle I am not going to anticipate tlie issue. 
 To-day a measure may be upon the crest of 
 thewave, and to-morrow it may be in the trough ; 
 but the same measure which was one day on 
 the crest of the wave and the next day in the 
 trough, may on the third day be on the crest of 
 the wave again. " In subsequent observations 
 the right hon. gentleman said that " when the 
 hour of dissolution — not of ParUament, but of 
 the Cabinet — should come, it would tind him 
 and his colleagues not unwilling victims. But 
 we will not," he added, "abandon our positions 
 unnecessarily." 
 
 5, — Died, at Glasgow, aged 103 years. Miss 
 Ann Wallace, a lineal descendant of the Scottish 
 patriot, registered in the Barony parish as born 
 in July, 1770. 
 
 6. — Debate resumed on Irish University 
 Bill, Mr. Horsman, Mr. Hardy, and Dr. 
 Playfair objectmg to the measure, the latter 
 also protesting against the exclusion of mental 
 science and modern history as a sacrifice of 
 free inquiry to ecclesiastical dictation, which 
 could only end in making the students bigots 
 or infidels. Mr. Fortescue and Mr. Lowe 
 replied, the latter creating some amusement by 
 declaring that the "gagging clauses" were 
 " not of the essence of the bill," and might be 
 amended or removed in Committee. 
 
 — A deputation of Irish members wait upon 
 Mr. Gladstone to inform him that they felt 
 bound by every sense of honour to support 
 denominational and religious education as 
 against secularisation. They added that the 
 Roman Catholic body, though vastly in the 
 maj.>rity, did not demand endowments, but 
 that if any class were to be endowed they 
 claimed a proportionate endowment. If, there- 
 fore, the Government did not see their way to 
 making such alterations in the University Edu- 
 cation Bill as would meet the objections of 
 their constituents, the Irish members belonging 
 to the Liberal party would be bound to vote 
 against the bill. This would pain them much, 
 but they were inflexible in their determination. 
 Mr. Gladstone replied that the Government 
 must be considered as much masters of their 
 own position as the Irish members were of 
 their own actions, but that if they would put 
 their views into writing he would submit them 
 to his colleagues in the Cabinet. 
 
 — The National Assembly pass the second 
 clause of the Due de Broglie's bill relating to 
 the promulgation of "urgent" bills by the 
 President, and to the President's right of veto. 
 
 — Died, aged 70, the Right Hon. F. L. 
 Corry, M.P. for Tyrone, formerly First Lord of 
 the Admiralty. 
 
 6. — The Lord Chamberlain prohibits the 
 performance of the "Happy Land" at the 
 Court Theatre on the alleged ground of the 
 piece making free with various members of the 
 Cabinet. 
 
 7. — Died, at Ossington Hall, Notts, aged 
 73, John Evelyn Denison, Viscount Ossington, 
 late Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 
 — Mid-Cheshire election, the first English 
 county contest under the ballot, results in the 
 return of a Conservative, Mr. Egerton Leigh, 
 who polled 3,508 against 2,118 tendered for 
 Mr. Latham, Liberal. 
 
 — Mary Ann Cotton charged with whole- 
 sale poisoning at Bishop Auckland, tried at 
 Durham, found guilty, and sentenced to death. 
 It was thought this wretched criminal had 
 caused the death of no fewer than eighteen 
 people — husbands, children, step-children, and 
 lodgers, 
 
 8. — Died, aged 72, Sir Frederick Madden, 
 F.R.S., K.H., for many years keeper of the 
 MSS. at the British Museum, and a high 
 authority in historical and antiquarian litera- 
 ture. 
 
 — Died, aged 50, Robert W. Thomson, 
 C.E., inventor of locomotive traction steam- 
 engines. 
 
 9. — Pastoral by Cardinal CuUen read in 
 Irish Roman Catholic churches, in which Mr. 
 Gladstone's bill was described as richly en- 
 dowing "non-Catholic and godless colleges 
 to those who for centuries have enjoyed the 
 great public endowments for higher education 
 in Ireland, and then, without giving one 
 farthing to Catholics, it invites them to com- 
 pete in their poverty, produced by penal laws 
 and confiscations, with others who, as the 
 Prime Minister states, are left in possession 
 of enormous wealth. The New University 
 scheme only increases the number of Queen's 
 Colleges, so often and so solemnly condemned 
 by the Catholic Church and by all Ireland, and 
 gives a new impulse to that sort of leaching 
 which separates education from religion and its 
 holy influences, and banishes God, the author 
 of all good, from our schools." 
 
 — Died, at Addlestone, Surrey, aged 81, 
 Charles Knight, an early labourer in the field 
 of cheap literature, and a writer of various 
 historical works of standard excellence. 
 
 10. — An application having been made to 
 the Exchequer by Earl Sianhope on behalf of 
 the Society of Antiquaries, that examination 
 should be made at the public cost of the tumuli 
 on the plains of Troy, Mr. Lowe replies : — • 
 "The question is, are excavations undertaken 
 for the purpose of illustrating the ' Iliad ' a 
 proper object for the expenditure of public 
 money? t am sorry to say that in my judg- 
 ment they are not. It is a new head of ex- 
 pense. It has no practical object, hut aims at 
 satisfying the curiosity of those who believe 
 that the narative of Homer was a true history, 
 107 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873- 
 
 MARCH 
 
 and not the creation of a poet's imagination. 
 But wliile I regret to be unable to accede to 
 your lordship's suggestion, I submit that there 
 is a way open by which the money may be 
 provided. It is said that the schoolboy en- 
 thusiasm of Europe liberated Greece from 
 Turkey. Is not the literary enthusiasm of 
 wealthy England equal to the enterprise of ex- 
 ploring scenes which are ever recurring to the 
 imagination of everyone who has received a 
 classical education? The Daily Telegraph, 
 with my hearty approbation, is exploring with- 
 out any assistance from the public purse the 
 secrets that lie buried under the mounds of 
 Mesopotamia. Shall it be said that a large 
 number of wealthy English noblemen and 
 gentlemen can find no better expedient for the 
 gratification of a liberal curiosity than to ask 
 the Chancellor of the Exchequer to employ 
 for its satisfaction money wrung from the earn- 
 ings of the poorest of the community? I sin- 
 cerely regret that the spirit of Herodes Atticus 
 has not descended to modern times, and feel 
 convinced that if one-half the energy which is 
 devoted in attempts to obtain aid from Govern- 
 ment were given to create a spirit of private 
 munificence, this and many similar objects might 
 be attained with the utmost facility and com- 
 pleteness. " 
 
 10. — Adjourned debate on the Irish Uni- 
 versity bill resumed by Mr. Vernon Harcourt, 
 who declared his intention of supporting the 
 bUl, although he admitted that it was not a 
 successful specimen of legislating according to 
 Irish ideas, and that it had been received in 
 Ireland with a unanimity of disapprobation. 
 Mr. Bernal Osborne also spoke against the 
 bill to-night, and Mr Cardwell in its support. 
 
 11. — Defeat of Mr. Gladstone's Government 
 on the Irish University Bill, a division taking 
 place about 2 A.M. on the morning of the 12th, 
 on the motion that the bill be read a second 
 time, when 287 voted against and 284 in favour. 
 The announcement of a majority of 3 against the 
 Ministers was the signal for a tumultuous burst 
 of cheering. Besides the Prime Minister and 
 Mr. Disraeli the principal speakers to-night 
 were Col. Wilson Patten, Mr. Dodson, and 
 Mr. Bouverie, the latter denouncing the bill as 
 scandalously inadequate, pleasing nobody in 
 Ireland, and yet likely within twenty years to 
 hand over the University to priests. Mr. 
 Disraeli rose at half-past ten to comment on 
 the bewildering character of the debate. 
 "Here is the hon. member for Surrey," he 
 said, " Mr. Locke King, who, after recent 
 proceedings, could scarcely refuse to propose a 
 vote of confidence. (Laughter.) But this I 
 can say for myself, and many gentlemen on 
 this side, we have no wish to oppose it. If 
 her Majesty's Government have not the con- 
 fidence of the House of Commons, I want to 
 know v/hat have they the confidence of? It is 
 a House returned under their auspices. (Loud 
 cries of ' No, no,' from the Ministerial benches.) 
 Well, e'ected under the exciting eloquence 
 
 of the right hon. gentleman. (Cheers and 
 laughter.) When I remember that campaign 
 of rhetoric, I must say I think this House was 
 formally as well as spiritually its creation. 
 (Laughter.) . . . This is essentially a material 
 age ; the opinions which are now afiuat, which 
 have often been afloat before, and which have 
 died away as I have no doubt these will die in 
 due time, are opposed in my opinion to all 
 those sound convictions which the proper study 
 of moral and mental philosophy has long estab- 
 lished. But that such a proposition should be 
 made in the laud of the University which has 
 produced Berkeley and Hutchinson makes it 
 still more surprising. We live in an age when 
 young men prattle about Protoplasm, and when 
 young ladies in gilded saloons unconsciously 
 talk Atheism. (Laughter.) And this is the 
 moment when a Minister, c^led upon to fulfil 
 one of the noblest du'ies which can fall upon 
 the most ambitious statesman — namely, the 
 formation of a great University, formally comes 
 forward and proposes the omission from public 
 study of moral and mental philosophy. " 
 (Cheers.) Mr. Disraeli next amused the 
 House by his reference to the proposed 
 Council of twenty-eight persons. ' ' They are 
 all to be distinguished men. They are all to 
 be — and I thought the expression was a happy 
 one — they are all to be ' eminent men of 
 moderate opinions.' (Laughter.) The House 
 is pretty well aware how twenty-eight gentle- 
 men would be obtained under the circum- 
 stances. I suppose that Cardinal CuUen 
 would be one of them, and his Eminence 
 would be paired off with the Primate of the 
 Protestant Church. (Laughter.) Then, under 
 the circum.stances in which we are placed, the 
 Provost of Trinity College would be a most 
 admirable councillor, and Monsignor Wood- 
 lock would be another. Then would come 
 Lord Chancellor O'Hagan, who would prob- 
 ably pair off with the right hon. gentleman 
 who filled the same office for us. (Laughter. ) 
 And you would have in your council very 
 much what you have in this House — two parties 
 organized and arrayed against each other, with 
 two or three trimmers thrown in on each side." 
 (Cheers and laughter.) Describing the com- 
 mencement of Mr. Gladstone's policy of con- 
 fiscation when he mistoi^k the clamour of the 
 Nonconformists for the voice of the nation — 
 "You have now," continued Mr. Disraeli, 
 "had four years of it. You have despoiled 
 churches. You have threatened every cor- 
 poration and endowment in the country. 
 (Cheers.) You have examined into every- 
 body's affairs. You have criticised every pro- 
 fession and vexed every trade. (A laugh.) 
 No one is certain of his property, and nobody 
 knows what duties he may have to perform 
 to-moiTow. I believe that the people of this 
 country have had enough of the policy of 
 confiscation. From what I can see, the 
 House of Commons elected to carry out that 
 policy are begiiming to experience some of 
 the inconvenience of satiety, and if I am not 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873- 
 
 MARCH 
 
 mistaken, they will give some intimation to 
 the Government to-night that that is their 
 opinion also." (Cheers.) Mr. Disraeli con- 
 cluded : — "Although I have not wished to 
 make this a party question, although I have 
 no wish to disturb the right lion, gentleman in 
 his seat, although I have no communication 
 with any section or with any party in this 
 House, I may say with any individual of my 
 own immediate colleagues, I must do my duty 
 when I am asked, ' Do you or do you not 
 approve this measure?' (Cheers.) I must 
 vote against a measure which I believe to be 
 monstrous in its general principles, pernicious 
 in many of its details, and utterly futile as a 
 measure of practical legislation." (Continued 
 cheers.) Mr. Gladstone woundup the debate 
 by defending all the essential details of the 
 measure, declaring that " where we have 
 earnestly sought and toiled for peace we find 
 only contention ; if our tenders of relief are 
 thrust aside with scorn, let us still remember 
 that there is a voice which is not heard in the 
 crackUng of the fire or in the roaring of the 
 whirlwind or the storm, the still, small voice of 
 justice, which is heard after they have passed 
 away. To mete out justice to Ireland, accord- 
 ing to the best view that with human infirmity 
 we could form, has been the work, I will 
 almost say the sacred work, of this Parliament. 
 (' No, no,' and cheers.) Having put our hand 
 to the plough, let us not turn back. Let not 
 what we think the fault or perverseness of those 
 whom we are attempting to assist have the 
 slightest effect in turning us from the path on 
 which we have entered. As we have begun, 
 so let us go through, and with firm and resolute 
 hand let us efface from the law and the practice 
 of the country the last — I believe it is the last 
 ^of the religious and social grievances of 
 Ireland." (Loud and prolonged cheering.) 
 On the result of the division being made known, 
 Mr. Gladstone said :— "I think. Sir, after the 
 division that has just taken place, the House 
 will expect to hear a word from me. 1 appre- 
 hend that the effect of the vote is to lay the bill 
 aside for the moment. It is capable of revival, 
 but it requires a motion for the purpose of 
 revivmg the order. The vote of the House has 
 been a vote of a grave character, I need hardly 
 say ; and as the House never wishes to enter 
 into deliberations upon secondary matters while 
 the question of the existence of the Govern- 
 ment is in doubt, probably the best thing I can 
 do is to move that we now adjourn, and that 
 we adjourn until Thursday." (Cheers.) The 
 " house accordingly adjourned at twenty-five 
 minutes past two o'clock till Thursday the 13th. 
 Thirty-six Irish Liberals voted against the 
 bill, and fifteen Irish members in its favour. 
 
 H. — The Supreme Court of Judicature Bill 
 read a second time in the Lords. 
 
 — Died, aged 85, Reginald George Mac- 
 donald, captain and chief of Clanranald. 
 
 13. — In the Commons this afternoon Mr. 
 Gladstone, amid much cheering, announces, 
 
 that in consequence of the vote on the Irish 
 University Bill, her Majesty's Ministers had 
 tendered their resignation ; and to permit of 
 the necessary new arrangements being made, 
 he begged to move that the House at its rising 
 should adjourn till Monday the 17th. 
 
 13. — On entering the House this afteirnoon a 
 Royal Messenger waits on Mr. Disraeli com- 
 manding his presence at Buckingham Palace. 
 " Her Majesty (the right hon. gentleman ex- 
 plained) did me the honour of consulting me 
 upon the subject of the ministerial difficulty. 
 She inquired of me whether I was prepared to 
 form a Government and carry on her affairs. 
 I then informed her Majesty distinctly that I 
 was quite prepared to form an administration 
 which I believed would conduct her Majesty's 
 affairs efficiently and in a manner entitled to 
 her confidence, but that I could not undertake 
 to conduct the government of the country in 
 the present House of Commons. That was the 
 information I gave distinctly and clearly to her 
 Majesty, and from that position I have never 
 for a moment faltered." 
 
 — Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister 
 Bill rejected in the House of Lords by 74 to 
 49 votes. 
 
 — Died, at the Cloisters, aged 72, the Rev. 
 Evan Nepean, canon of Westminster and 
 chaplain in ordinary to the Queen. 
 
 14. — Letters from Zanzibar describe Sir 
 Bartle Frere's mission as a failure ; the Sultan 
 maintaining that he and his Arab chiefs must 
 reject the treaty, not only for the financial 
 reasons which he had previously put forward as 
 his main objection, but also on the ground that 
 slavery was a time-honoured institution, sanc- 
 tioned alike by the Mohammedan religion and 
 ancient custom, and its abolition would lead to 
 insurrection and disaster ; and that, moreover, 
 no confidence could be placed in any new 
 treaties. 
 
 15.— Died, aged 68, Rev. Henry Wall, 
 M. A., professor of logic in the University of 
 Oxford. 
 
 — ■ Treaty signed at Berlin for the speedy 
 evacuation of French territory by the Germans. 
 
 — Dispute between the Greek and Latin 
 Christians at Bethlehem concerning the cur- 
 tains in the Grotto of the Nativity, burned in 
 1871, and which the Ottoman Government 
 were to have replaced in order to end the tra- 
 ditional jealousy of the two bodies. To-day the 
 Greek Patriarch formally protested "against 
 the violations committed by the Latin clergy, 
 who rely upon the right of the stronger, and 
 tread under foot the secular rights of the Greek 
 nation to the Grotto of the Nativity of Jesus 
 Christ, at Bethlehem. We ask the Supreme 
 Government not to allow this outrage against 
 the nation." 
 
 17. — Mr. Gladstone announces in the Com- 
 mons that, while passing Sunday (yesterday) 
 in the country, he received a comnmnication 
 109 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873- 
 
 MARCH 
 
 from her Majesty to an effect which led him 
 finally to abandon any expectation that upon 
 the present occasion the party in opposition 
 would construct a Government to carry on the 
 affairs of the country. At the same time, in 
 reply to an inquiry from her Majesty, he at 
 once stated that he placed any services he 
 could render at her Majesty's disposal, and 
 that he would take steps forthwith to proceed 
 to consider, together with those who had been 
 his colleagues in the Cabinet, how far they 
 were disposed to resume their offices, and at 
 the same time to consider the state of public 
 affairs and the business of this House after the 
 events of last week. In conform.ity with Mr. 
 Gladstone's desire the House, at its rising, ad- 
 journed to Thursday the 20th. 
 
 18. — Mr Mill presides at a meeting of the 
 Land Tenure Reform Association held in 
 Exeter Hall, and explains its two main prin- 
 ciples — first, no more, land, under any pretext, 
 to become the private property of individuals ; 
 secondly, taxation on the land, in order to give 
 the benefit of its natural increase of value to 
 the whole community, instead of to the pro- 
 prietors, these being allowed the option of re- 
 linquishing the land at its present money 
 value. 
 
 — Close of the strike in South Wales, the 
 remaining workmen agreeing to-day to re- 
 sume work on what were known as the 
 " Dowlais terms." 
 
 19. — Testimonial of the value of 5,800/. 
 presented to the Rev. Dr. Moffatt in recogni- 
 tion of his services as a missionary in Africa. 
 
 — The Committee appointed to report on 
 the column of the Place VendSme decide to 
 re-erect the monument as it stood, and to re- 
 cord by two inscriiitions the date of its demoli- 
 tion and of its reconstruction. 
 
 20. — Intimation made in both Houses of 
 Parliament that Mr. Gladstone and his col- 
 leagues were now in a position to carry on the 
 Government as formerly. Quoting from a 
 "Memorandum" submitted to the Queen, Mr. 
 Gladstone said he "will not and does not sup- 
 pose that the efforts of the Opposition to defea; 
 the Government on Wednesday morning were 
 made with a previously formed intention on 
 their part to refuse any aid to your Majesty, if 
 the need should arise, in providing for the 
 government of the countiy ; and the summary 
 refusal, which is the only fact before him, he 
 takes to be not in full correspondence, either 
 with the exigencies of the case, or, as he has 
 shown, with Parliamentary usage." To this 
 charge Mr. Disraeli replied in another " Me- 
 morandum :" — "The charge against the leader 
 of the Opposition personally that by 'his 
 summary refusal ' to undertake your Majesty's 
 Government he was failing in his duty to your 
 Majesty and the country is founded altogether 
 on a gratuitous assumption by Mr. Gladstone, 
 which pervaaes his letter, that the means of 
 Mr. Disraeli to carry on the Government were 
 no 
 
 not 'exhausted.' A brief statement of facts 
 will at once dispose of this charge Before 
 Mr. Disraeli, with due deference, offered his 
 decision to your Majesty, he had the oppor- 
 tunity of consulting those gentlemen with 
 whom he acts in pubhc life, and they were 
 unanimously of opinion that it would be preju- 
 dicial to the interests of the country for a Con- 
 servative Administration to attempt to conduct 
 your Majesty's affairs in the present House of 
 Commons. What other means were at Mr. 
 Disraeli's disposal ? Was he to open negotia- 
 tions with a section of the late Ministry, and 
 waste days in barren interviews, vain applica- 
 tions and the device of impossible combina- 
 tions ? Was he to make overtures to the con- 
 siderable section of the Liberal par'y who had 
 voted against the Government — namely, the 
 Irish Roman Catholic gentlemen ? Surely Mr. 
 Gladstone could not seriously contemplate this ? 
 Impressed from experience, obtained in the 
 very instances to which Mr. Gladstone refers, 
 of the detrimental influence upon Government 
 of a crisis unnecessarily prolonged by hollow 
 negotiations, Mr. Disraeli humbly conceived that 
 he was taking a course at once advantageous 
 to the public interests, and tending to spare 
 your Majesty unnecessary anxiety by at once 
 laying before your Majesty the real position of 
 affairs." Mr. Disraeli now assured the House 
 that " the Tory party at the present time occu- 
 pies the most satisfactory position which it has 
 held since the days of its greatest statesmen, 
 Mr. Pitt and Lord Grenville. It has divested 
 itself of those excrescences which are not indi- 
 genous to its native growth, but which in a time 
 of long prosperity were the consequence some- 
 times of negligence, and sometimes, perhaps, 
 in a certain degree, of ignorance. (Laughter 
 from the Ministerial side.) We are now 
 emerging from a fiscal period in which almost 
 all the public men of this generation have been 
 brought up. All the questions of trade and 
 navigation, of the incidence of taxation and of 
 public economy, are settled. But there were 
 other questions not less important, and of 
 deeper and higher reach and range, which must 
 engage the attention of a Constitutional Minis- 
 ter. There is the question whether the aris- 
 tocratic principle should be recognised In our 
 Constitution, and if so in what form ; whether 
 the Commons of England shall remain an 
 estate of the realm, numerous but privileged 
 and qualified, or whether they should degene- 
 rate into an indiscriminate multitude — (a 
 laugh, and ' Hear, hear') — whether a National 
 Church shall be maintained, and if so, what ' 
 shall be its rights and duties ; the functions of 
 corporations, the sacredness of endowments — 
 (cheers)' — the tenure of landed property, tlie 
 free disposal and even the existence of any 
 kind of property. (Cheers and laughter.) All 
 these institutions and all these principles, which 
 have made this country free and famous, and 
 conspicuous for its union of order with liberty, 
 are now impugned, and in due time will be- 
 come great and ' burning ' questions. {Cheers. ) 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 I think it of the utmost importance that when 
 that time— which maybe nearer at hand tlian we 
 imagine— arrives, there shall be in this country a 
 great constitutional party, distinguished for its 
 intelligence as well as for its organization, 
 which shall lead and direct the public mind of 
 the people. And, sir, when that time arrives, 
 and when they enter upon a career which must 
 be noble, and which I hope and believe will 
 be triumphant, I think they may perhaps re- 
 member, and not, I trust, with unkindness, 
 that I at least prevented one obstacle from being 
 placed in their way, and that I, as the trustee 
 of their honour and interests, declined to form 
 a weak and discredited Administration." 
 
 20. — Died at Westfield, Ross-shire, William 
 Brydon, C.B,, late surgeon-major Bengal 
 army and Highland Rifle Militia ; a name re- 
 markable in Indian history as that of the one 
 solitary individual of the 13,000 soldiers and 
 camp-followers of the British array at Cabul 
 who was neither killed nor taken prisoner in the 
 memorable retreat from Cabul in January 1842. 
 Dr. Brydon, after some hair-breadth escapes 
 from the Affghans, reached Jelalabad alive, 
 though wounded and exhausted, all the other 
 persons composing the British force having 
 being either killed or taken prisoners Dr. 
 Brydon went through the rest of the siege 
 of Jelalabad with the garrison under the com- 
 mand of Sir Robert Sale. It was his sin- 
 gular fate to be again shut up with Sir Henry 
 Lawrence at Lucknow, and to pass uninjured 
 through that long and tiying siege. 
 
 — Died at Athens, aged 88, Sir Richard 
 Church, G.C.H., one of the heroes of the 
 Greek War of Independence. 
 
 — France declares a protectorate over the 
 empire of Anam. 
 
 21. — Mr. Gathome Hardy moves for an 
 address to the Crown praying that the Queen 
 in communicating the "Three New Rules" of 
 the Treaty of Washington to Foreign Powers 
 will declare to them her dissent from the prin- 
 ciples set forth by the Geneva Tribunal as the 
 basis of their award. The motion was with- 
 drawn after debate, on Mr. Gladstone under- 
 taking that when these rules were presented to 
 foreign powers they should be accompanied by 
 an expression of the dissent of the British 
 Government from the recital of the award. 
 
 — Died at Croydon, aged 68, Henry 
 Dorling, who had for many years been engaged 
 in promoting the success of the Epsom race 
 meetings. 
 
 22. — Came on at York Assizes, before 
 Chief Justice Bovill, the trial of the Rev. 
 Vyvyan Moyle, late Vicar of Eston, near 
 Middlesbrough, charged with forging and 
 uttering certain scrip ceriificatesand an impres- 
 sion of a seal, purporting to be of the firm of 
 Jackson, Gill, and Co., Limited; also forging 
 a certain deed, purporting to be a transfer of 
 220 shares of and in the firm of Jackson, Gill,, 
 and Co. ; also forging the signature of Edward 
 
 Stickley White ; and also forging a certain 
 letter, dated i6th December, 1872, purporting 
 to be written by the said E. S. White, with in- 
 tent to defraud, at the township of Normanby, 
 in the North Riding. On the indictment being 
 read over, the prisoner, who appeared to feel 
 his position very keenly, pleaded guilty to each 
 of the counts. The Court at the time was 
 densely crowded, many clergymen being pre- 
 sent. Mr. Digby Seymour pleaded in mitiga- 
 tion of punishment the many charitable labours 
 in which the prisoner had been engaged and 
 the extreme temptation to which he had been 
 subjected. In an evil hour, he said, his client 
 had his eye attracted to the announcement of 
 a society in London known as the Mutual 
 Society, the dealings of the prisoner with which 
 the learned counsel proceeded to state. He 
 said that Mr. Moyle flattered himself that he 
 might be able to increase his own means and 
 the means of doing good to others. He took 
 a large number of shares with this object in 
 view, and borrowed the large sum of about 
 11,000/., expecting to be able to pay this sum 
 back again. He showed how in this he had 
 been disappointed, and becoming involved, he 
 had vainly sought to extricate himself by the 
 commission of the offence with which he was 
 charged. Mr. Seymour referred to the prisoner's 
 connection with the firm of Jackson, Gill, 
 and Co., and his belief that in about a year 
 they would have issued their scrip to the 
 general public, and that then he would have 
 I tangible scrip to offer to the secretary. In a 
 fatal moment it occurred to him that if he anti- 
 cipated that future which must shortly arise, 
 and if he himself issued the scrip of Jackson, 
 Gill, and Co. to the Mutual Society, he might, 
 when the real scrip was issued, replace it, 
 and substitute it for the other, which proceed- 
 ing would have enabled him to realize large 
 profits. Thus he fondly reasoned with himself ; 
 and this led to the commission of the offence 
 to which he had pleaded guilty. Next day the 
 prisoner was sentenced to seven years' penal 
 servitude. 
 
 22. — Meeting in Exeter Hall, presided over 
 by the Earl of Shaftesbury, to support the 
 "appeal" made by Mr. Plimsoll on behalf of 
 British merchant seamen. 
 
 — The seventy-sixth birthday of the Em- 
 peror William celebrated with great rejoicings 
 throughout the chief cities of Germany. 
 
 24. — The prisoner Mary Ann Cotton exe- 
 cuted within the precincts of Durham jaU." She 
 slept well during the night, walked to the 
 drop with a firm step, and spent several minutes 
 there in earnest prayer. The prisoner had 
 previously made a statement admitting having 
 used poison, but with no evil intention. The 
 Under-sheriff' fainted when the drop fell, and 
 had to be supported by two warders. 
 
 — Under the title of 'Notes on Khiva," 
 Sir H. Rawlinson read a paper on Central Asia 
 to the Royal Geographical Society. Sir Henry 
 contended that great political difiiculties would 
 
MARCH 
 
 1873. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 begin with Russia when she began to occupy 
 the country. " She would be committed to an 
 enormous expenditure without any commensu- 
 rate results. Considering the peculiar position 
 of Khiva, the impoverished state of the country, 
 and the difficulty of sustaining positions against 
 the Turkomans, and constructing forts and 
 wells to keep a good connection with the 
 Caspian, he could not expect that Russia could 
 occupy Khiva at a less cost than that involved 
 by her occupation of Turkestan. Those who 
 wished Russia ill would desire that she should 
 pursue her present course. In the interests of 
 peace, perhaps it would have been better had 
 Russia not entered into the line of the Jaxartes ; 
 but as yet he saw nothing to cause us to ap- 
 prehend danger. Our position was quiescent, 
 while hers was progressive ; we must go on our 
 way conscious that, if real dangers approached 
 us from any quarter, we were strong enough to 
 resist them." 
 
 — The Navy Estimates introduced by Mr. 
 Goschen, the gross amount being 9, 633, 000/., an 
 excess of 134,000/. over the vote of 1872. 
 
 as. — Lord Romilly retires from the office of 
 Master of the Rolls, Sir Richard Baggallay, 
 Q.C. , a senior member of the bar of that court, 
 expressing the respect and esteem entertained 
 for his lordship's unvarying courtesy during the 
 twenty-two years he had held that post. 
 
 — Died, aged 69, Professor Partridge, F.R.S., 
 surgeon. 
 
 — Died, aged 76, Amedee Thierry, French 
 historian. 
 
 26. — The Burial Bill read a second time 
 in the Commons by 283 to 217 votes. " The 
 bill," said Mr. Disraeli, in opposing the mea- 
 sure, " assumed that the sacred fabric and its 
 consecrated precincts were national property. 
 But this was the exact reverse of what the 
 Nonconformists contended for when they suc- 
 ceeded in getting rid of church-rates on the 
 ground that they had no concern in the main- 
 tenance of the church and the churchyard. 
 That controversy was settled on the footing 
 that the church and the churchyard were the 
 property of Churchmen, and if Dissenters used 
 them, it must be on the same conditions as 
 Churchmen." The Nonconfoimists, Mr. Dis- 
 raeli thought, had committed an error of late 
 years in making war against the Church. The 
 Reform Act of 1832 gave them an electoral 
 power out of proportion to their numbers and 
 wealth, which they must be conscious that at the 
 next general election they could not retain. He 
 earnestly desired a cessation of the war between 
 Church and Dissent, and that they should join 
 together in combating the common enemy to all 
 Churclies and all religious bodies which was 
 abroad, and which, if it succeeded, would de- 
 grade the country and destroy all religion. 
 
 — Mr. Gladstone and other ministers at- 
 tend a banquet given at the Mansion House to 
 200 provincial mayors. 
 
 112 
 
 26 — Died, aged 64, Arthur, Count von 
 Bernstorff, formerly Prussian minister to this 
 country, and latterly ambassador of the German 
 Empire. 
 
 — The Dutch East India Company declare 
 Avar against the Atchinese of Sumatra, a native 
 race in the north of the island, with whom 
 differences had arisen regarding the right of 
 possession and the power to erect lighthouses 
 at different points. 
 
 28. — Mr. Fortescue announces the appoint- 
 ment of a Royal Commission to inquire into 
 and suggest remedies with regard to the alleged 
 unseaworthiness of British shipping, whether 
 arising from overloading or deck-loading, from 
 defective construction or equipment, &c. ; also 
 to inquire into the system of marine insurance, 
 the liability of shipowners to those whom they 
 employ, and the practice of undermanning. 
 The commissioners to be — the Duke of Somer- 
 set, chairman ; the Duke of Edinburgh, Mr. 
 Milner Gibson, Admiral Hope, Mr. Liddell, 
 M.P., Mr. T. Brassey, M.P., Mr. Rothery, 
 Mr. Cohen, Mr. Denny, Mr. Duncan, Captain 
 Edgell of Lloyd's, and Mr. Merrifield of the 
 Royal Naval School of Architecture. Com- 
 mission to inquire and suggest. 
 
 29. — Oxford and Cambridge boat-race, the 
 latter again coming in first by three lengths. 
 
 — The French National Assembly depart 
 frcm the consideration of Prince Napoleon's 
 petition against his expulsion by 334 to 278 
 votes. 
 
 31. — Extradition treaty concluded between 
 the British and Danish Governments. 
 
 April 1. — Died, aged 84, General Sir 
 William Bell, K. C.B., a Peninsular and 
 Waterloo officer, whose commission of second 
 lieutenant dated as far back as Nov. 1804. 
 
 — The steamer Atlantic of the White Star 
 line wrecked off Halifax, into which port 
 she was running, short of coal, and about 
 560 of her passengers drowned or frozen to 
 death. The night was dark and the sea 
 rough, and it was thought the watch on duty 
 had mistaken Peggy's Point light for Sambro. 
 So sudden was the catastrophe that most of the 
 persons on board — and there were nearly r,ooo 
 — went down in their berths ; and many pro- 
 bably did not awake until they found them- 
 selves drowning through the ship having stnick. 
 The surviving passengers were crowded on the 
 bows, and ciinging to the rigging. Some of 
 the more adventurous made their way to the 
 rock by a line, but the situation there was one 
 of great peril, as the tide was rising. The fisher- 
 men, however, came to the rescue, a.nd by noon 
 all the survivors were got ashore at Cape Pros- 
 pect. The official inquiry at Halifax into the 
 cause of the disaster resulted in a verdict com- 
 mending the conduct of the officers after the . 
 ship .struck, but condemning her management 
 from the time her course was changed, and 
 
APRIL 
 
 1873- 
 
 APRIL 
 
 especially the captain's conduct in leaving the 
 deck at midnight. His certificate might have 
 been cancelled, but, considering the efforts he 
 made to save life, it was only revoked for tv^o 
 years. The fourth officer was siispended for 
 three months. The court was also of opinion 
 that the Atlantic had been permitted to start 
 on her voyage with a dangerously small supply 
 of coaL 
 
 2. — -The Queen visits Victoria Park, and 
 receives an enthusiastic reception from the in- 
 habitants of the eastern part of London. 
 
 — M. Grevy resigns the presidency of the 
 French Assembly, and is succeeded by M. 
 Buffet. 
 
 3. — Mr. Munster withdraws, after debate, a 
 complaint of breach of privilege submitted to 
 the House in so far as an article in the Pall 
 Mall Gazette declared that " it was not sur- 
 prising that the Irish Ultramontane members 
 should resort to every quibble discoverable in 
 the technicalities of the law of parliament to 
 delay or defeat a measure like Mr. Fawcett's, 
 which cuts the ground from under their venal 
 agitations and their traffic in noisy disloyalty." 
 
 — The Due d'Aumale received into the 
 Frence Academy, and pronounces an eloquent 
 eujogium upon his predecessor, the Count de 
 Montalembert. 
 
 4. — Edwin Noyes and a man supposed to 
 be George Bidwell, but who refused to give his 
 name, examined before the Lord Mayor on the 
 charge of forging and uttering bills of exchange 
 fur upwards of lcx),ooo/. Bidwell had been 
 captured in Edinburgh by detective M'Kelvie. 
 The others known to be concerned in this 
 gigantic fraud were Warren alias Horton, and 
 Macdonnell alias Swift. From the evidence now 
 submitted it appeared that on the 4th of May 
 last, an account was opened at the West End 
 Branch of the Bank of England by Austin 
 Bidwell in the name of "F. A. Warren," 
 and it was evident that through this account 
 the forged bills were to be discounted. From 
 the 4th of May up to January last the account 
 was kept alive, and on the 17th of January 
 a genuine biU of Messrs. Rothschild was paid 
 in. The account at the Continental Bank was 
 opened in December for the purpose, it was 
 alleged, " of having Warren's cheques paid in 
 there, and then drawn out again by drafts 
 signed by Horton — tlie money being eventually 
 expended in the systematic purchase of 
 American bonds. It had been proved beyond 
 all question that Austin Bidwell was both 
 Warren and Horton. It was necessary, in 
 order to carry out the gigantic fraud which was 
 to follow, that there should be a division of 
 labour, and persons were accordingly engaged 
 to concoct the fictitious bills, to present the 
 cheques, and to change bank-notes into gold. 
 After the first genuine bUl had been pre- 
 sented, the forged bills came up regularly to 
 the West End Branch in letters dated from Bir- 
 mingham and signed by Warren. The scheme 
 
 evidently was that all the persons who could be 
 identified in the matter should be absent in the 
 latter part of the proceedings ; and so they 
 found that in February Warren (or Horton) left 
 London, and was not seen again by any of the 
 Bank authorities. Macdonnell and George 
 Bidwell, who had not been seen by them, 
 remained in London and transacted the re- 
 quisite business for Warren, he leaving with 
 them a number of cheques on the Bank of 
 England and the Continental Bank signed in 
 blank. After he left, Noyes paid in and drew 
 out the money at Horton's account. 
 
 4. — ^Japanese Embassy received by the Czar 
 at St. Petersburg. The Grand Duke Alexis 
 left Shanghai a few days later on a visit to 
 Japan. 
 
 — Sir George Jenkinson's motion calling 
 upon Government to adopt the recomraendaticn 
 of the Select Committee regarding the construc- 
 tion of a railway to connect the head of the 
 Persian Gulf with the Mediterranean negatived 
 by 103 to 29 votes. 
 
 6. — Anniversary of the day of the birth and 
 death of Raphael Sanzio celebrated at Urbino. 
 
 7. — Mr. Lowe introduces the Budget, esti- 
 mating the revenue for the ensuing year at 
 76,617,000/. ; the expenditure at 71,871,000/. 
 With the surplus of 4,746,000/. he proposed to 
 meet the Geneva award claim of 3,200,000/. 
 due at Washington 1st Oct., to reduce the 
 sugar duty one-half, and take one penny off the 
 income-tax. Mr. Lowe's statement was favour- 
 ably received. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales installed as Grand 
 Master of the Knights Templars at a conclave 
 of the order held in Willis's Rooms. 
 
 9. — Salt Lake news mentions Brigham 
 Young as on the eve of surrendering his trustee- 
 ship over the Mormon community preparatory 
 to forming a new settlement in Arizona among 
 the Apaches. 
 
 — Henry Pearson, described as a phy- 
 sician, sentenced at the Central Criminal Court 
 to two years' imprisonment and a fine of 50/. 
 for a libel upon his niece. Miss Roper, in 
 that he had industriously circulated reports 
 that she led an immoral life. 
 
 — Died, aged 46, Charles AUston Collins, 
 artist and novelist. 
 
 11. — Mary and Charlotte Rea tried at 
 Downpatrick on the charge of murdering 
 Isabella Kerr at Holywood, in December 
 last. Chiefly on the ground that the deceased 
 was known to be a person of violent temper, 
 the jury brought in a verdict of manslaughter, 
 and Mr. Justice Keogh sentenced each of the 
 prisoners to penal servitude for life. 
 
 — Came on before the High Court of 
 Justiciary, Edinburgh, the trial of Henry 
 Reid, a strolling piper, charged with murder- 
 ing a young man named M'Callum, an engineer 
 belonging to Glasgow, on an Ayr race-night in 
 
APRIL 
 
 1873. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 September last. After inflicting the wound 
 Reid made his escape tlirough woods and by- 
 ways to Perthshire, and remained concealed 
 there several weeks. The principal witness 
 against the prisoner was a woman named 
 Townsby, who had lived with him as his wife, 
 and his counsel objected to her evidence on the 
 ground that a marriage, although irregular, 
 had taken place. To decide this point the 
 woman was put into the witness-box and 
 questioned. She stated that she had agreed 
 before a number of their friends to take the 
 prisoner for her husband only so long as he 
 would treat her well, but as he had not done 
 so she did not now consider herself to be his 
 wife. The objection not being admitted, the 
 woman's evidence against the prisoner was 
 taken, when the jury unanimously found the 
 prisoner guilty of murder, and he was sen- 
 tenced to death. 
 
 11. — Died, Major-General Dwight and 
 Major-General Goodwyn, formerly of the 
 Bengal Army, each having served with distinc- 
 tion in the Affghan campaign of 1843. 
 
 — General Canby, the American Peace 
 Commissioner to the Modoc Indians, killed by 
 " Captain Jack " and his followers. 
 
 14. — Died, aged 77, General Charles 
 Richard Fox, son of the third Lord Holland, 
 and grand-nephew to Charles James Fox. 
 
 — Official advices from Atchin, announce 
 the repulse of the Dutch troops, and. the death 
 of their commander, General KoUer. 
 
 15. — The Spencer Docks at Dublin formally 
 opened by the Lord-Lieutenant. 
 
 — Workmen's demonstration at Maidstone 
 to welcome the gas-stoker's now liberated from 
 prison there. 
 
 — Mr. Arch, Mr. Cox, and others, re- 
 presenting agricultural labourers at present on 
 strike, tried before the Faringdon magistrates 
 on a charge of obstructing the highway by 
 holding a meeting in the market-place at 
 Faringdon. Mr. Fitzjames Stephen argued 
 that the defendants had a legal right to do what 
 they had done. The Act never contemplated 
 such an obstruction as that under which the 
 defendants were charged, and it was mon- 
 strous to call it one. Before the charge could 
 be proved against them it must be shown that 
 they had committed some wrong and improper 
 act in the nature of a trespass. The market- 
 place was the only place where such men 
 could hold their meetings. If they were con- 
 victed they would be prevented meeting at all, 
 as they could not obtain rooms and were not 
 allowed to go into fields. The summons was 
 ultimately dismissed, amid the applause of 
 many present to hear the case. 
 
 16.— Fight at Grant Parish, Louisiana, 
 
 between the whites and negroes, the latter 
 
 defending the Court-house, which had been set 
 
 on fire. It was reported that as many as 100 
 
 114 
 
 were shot down when escaping from the 
 burning building. 
 
 17. — The Times gives currency to a rumour 
 that a serious calamity had befallen Sir Samuel 
 Baker's expedition, the leader himself, with 
 Lady Baker and a few survivors having, it was 
 said, been murdered by a savage tribe to 
 whom they had previously been forced to 
 surrender. 
 
 — Her Majesty presents new colours to the 
 79th Cameron Highlanders at Parkhurst, Isle 
 of Wight. ' ' It gives me great pleasure, " said 
 her Majesty, "to present these new colours 
 to you. In thus intrusting you with this 
 honourable charge, I have the fullest con- 
 fidence that you will, with the true loyalty and 
 the well-known devotion of Highlanders, pre- 
 serve the honour and reputation of your regi- 
 ment, which have been so brilliantly earned 
 and so nobly maintained." A gift of the old 
 colours having been made to her Majesty, she 
 said : — " I accept these colours with much 
 pleasure, and shall ever value them in remem- 
 brance of the gallant services of the 79th 
 Cameron Highlanders. I will take them to 
 Scotland, and place them in ray dear High- 
 land home at Balmoral. " 
 
 IS. — Died at Munich, aged 70, Baron 
 Justus von Liebig, a high authority in chemical 
 science. 
 
 19. — The marriage of Prince Albrecht of 
 Prussia with the Princess Mary of Saxe Alten- 
 burg, solemnized at Berlin. 
 
 — Died, aged 47, Augustus Harris, stage 
 director of the Royal Italian Opera. 
 
 — The Shah leaves Teheran on a visit to 
 the Courts of Europe. His Majesty arrived at 
 Moscow on the 19th, St. Petersburg on the 
 22nd, Berlin on the 31st, and London on the 
 1 8th June. 
 
 SO. — Marriage of Prince Leopold of 
 Bavaria to the Princess Gisela, daughter of the 
 Emperor of Austria. 
 
 — Died at Torquay, aged 72, Sir Wm. 
 Tite, M.P. for Bath, and architect of the Royal 
 Exchange. 
 
 — Died, aged 60, Dr. H. Bence Jones, 
 F.R.S., consulting physican at St. George's 
 Hospital, and secretary to the Royal Institu- 
 tion. 
 
 — The Duke of Edinburgh has an audience 
 of the Pope, and congratulates his Holiness 
 on recovery from recent illness. 
 
 21. — In his annual report as deputy-keeper 
 of the Public Records, Sir T. Duffus Hardy 
 writes that he had been asked by the Master of 
 the Rolls to prepare a report on a photograph 
 of the MS. known as the "Utrecht Psalter," 
 containing a copy of the Athanasian Creed, 
 and had come to the following conclusions : — 
 That the date of the manuscript may be 
 assigned to the close of the sixth century : that 
 
APRIL 
 
 1873. 
 
 MAY 
 
 there are no sufficiently valid objections against 
 this date ; and that as the Utrecht Psalter is a 
 Gallican, and not a Roman, Psalter, objec- 
 tions to it based upon the Roman usage are of 
 no force. 
 
 21.— Mr. Fawcett's Dublin University Tests 
 Bill read a second time in the Commons. 
 
 — Rule nisi granted in the Court of 
 Queen's Bench to file a criminal information 
 against Mr. PlimsoU, M.P.,for imputing cruel 
 and criminal practices to Mr. Norwood, M.P., 
 in so far as the latter was alleged to have sent 
 vessels to sea in an unseaworthy condition. 
 
 22. — Debate in the Commons on the Central 
 Asian question raised by Mr. Eastwick on 
 a motion, afterwards withdrawn, for the pro- 
 duction of papers. 
 
 — Rev. E. C. Wickham, fellow and tutor 
 of New College, Oxford, elected head-master 
 of Wellington College, in succession to Dr. 
 Benson, appointed chancellor of Lincoln 
 cathedral. 
 
 — Earl Delawarr commits suicide by drown- 
 ing himself at Cambridge while suffering 
 from mental affliction, apparently induced by 
 the death of a young woman living under his 
 protection. 
 
 23. — Came on in the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, before Lord Chief-Justice Cockburn, 
 Justice Mellor, and Justice Lush, the trial at 
 bar of the Tichborne Claimant, charged with 
 perjury, for having sworn that he was Roger 
 Charles Tichborne, supposed to have been 
 drowned ; that he had seduced his uncle's 
 daughter, his own cousin ; and that he was 
 not Arthur Orton, son of a Wapping butcher. 
 Mr. Hawkins opened the case for the Crovni; 
 the Claimant being defended by Dr. Kenealy. 
 
 — Despatches from Khartoum announce 
 that Sir Samuel Baker and his party were well 
 at Fatookra. 
 
 — Fancy dress ball at the Mansion House, 
 the Lord Mayor and Lady Waterlow appearing 
 in dresses of the Louis Quatorze period. 
 
 — Disturbances at Madrid caused by an 
 attempt of the " Permanent Committee" to 
 overthrow the Government. The Committee 
 was dissolved next day. 
 
 — Died, aged 65, H. W. Wilberforce, 
 formerly vicar of East Farleigh, but a member 
 for about twenty years of the Romish com- 
 munion. 
 
 24.. — Riotous proceedings atFrankfort, aris- 
 ing out of advances recently made by brewers 
 in the price of beer. 
 
 26. Two hundred United States soldiers 
 
 fall into an ambuscade prepared by Modoc 
 Indians, and suffer a loss of nineteen killed 
 and twenty-two wounded. 
 "5 
 
 27. — The Emperor of G ermany arrives at 
 St. Petersburg on a visit to the Czar. 
 
 — Carriage works of the Lancashire and 
 Yorkshire Railway Company at Miles Platting, 
 Manchester, destroyed by fire. 
 
 — The Hon. Beatrice Mary Catherine, third 
 daughter of Lord Clifford of Ugbrooke, 
 
 ' Chudleigh, dies from injuries received by fire. 
 
 — M. Barodet elected member for Paris 
 by a majority of 40,000 over M. de Remusat. 
 Four Republicans returned at provincial elec- 
 tions. 
 
 — Died, at Cheltenham, aged 80, William 
 C. Macready, an EHglish tragedian of rare 
 merit, and a theatrical lessee who elevated a 
 national amusement into a means of public 
 education and permanent good. 
 
 28. — Accident, presumed to be from an 
 overcharge of powder, in the Wynnstay Col- 
 liery, Ruabon, causing the death of seven work- 
 men, all who were employed in the pit at the 
 time. 
 
 — Discussion in the Commons on Mr. 
 Smith's motion that, before deciding further on 
 the reduction of indirect taxation, the Govern- 
 ment ought to put the House in possession of 
 its views on the maintenance and adjustment 
 of direct taxation, local and imperial. 
 
 — The Prince of Wales and Prince Arthur 
 arrive at Vienna to take part in the ceremonies 
 attending the opening of the Exhibition. 
 
 29. — The Lord Chancellor introduces a bill 
 for the amendment of the law relating to the 
 title and transfer of land. 
 
 — Lord Claud Hamilton's motion for the 
 purchase of Irish railways negatived in the 
 Commons by 197 to 65 votes. 
 
 — The Grosvenor Club for workmen opened 
 by the Marquis of Westminster. 
 
 — Died, aged 60, J. R. Hope Scott, Q.C., 
 possessor of Abbotsford in virtue of his first 
 wife, daughter of J. Gibson Lockhart, and 
 granddaughter of Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 30. — The Women's Disabilities Bill rejected 
 in the Commons by 222 to 155 votes. 
 
 May 1. — The Vienna Exhibition opened by 
 the Emperor. Though the weather was un- 
 favourable and the building known to be far 
 from finished, great crowds assembled to cheer 
 the imperial family and the royal visitors pre- 
 sent from most of the European Courts. 
 
 — The Italian Ministry resign, in conse- 
 quence of a defeat on a vote involving military 
 expenditure. 
 
 4. — Closing days of Dr. Livingstone. On 
 arriving at Ulala, the capital of the district, 
 where Kitambo the Sultan lived, the party were 
 refused permission to stay, and Livingstone 
 had to be carried three hours' march back 
 towards Ukabende, where they erected for him 
 I 2 
 
MAY 
 
 1873. 
 
 MAV 
 
 a rude hut and fence. He would not allow 
 any one to approach him for the remaining 
 days of his life except Majwara and Susi, 
 although they all called daily at his door to 
 say "Good morning." During these days 
 the traveller was in great pain, and could 
 keep nothing, even for a moment, on his 
 stomach. He so far lost Ijis sight as hardly 
 to be able to distinguish when a light was 
 kindled, and gradually sank during the night 
 of the 4th of May. Only Majwara was present 
 when the Doctor died, and he was unable to 
 say when breathing ceased. Susi, hearing 
 that he was dead, told Jacob Wainwright to 
 malce a note in the Doctor's diary of the things 
 found by him. Wainwright was not quite cer- 
 tain as to the day of the month, and as Susi 
 told him the Doctor had last written the day 
 before, and he found this entry to be dated 
 27th April, he wrote 28th ; but on comparing 
 his own diary on arrival at Unyanyembe, he 
 found it to be the'4th of May: and this was con- 
 firmed by Majwara, who said Livingstone was 
 unable to write for the last four or five days of 
 his life. The closing entry in the traveller's 
 diary was a touching reference to the loss of his 
 servants : — ' ' Very weak to-day. The good boys 
 have carried me to the vil " (village). The 
 spot where Livingstone breathed his last was 
 put down at 11* 25" S. and 27° E. 
 
 5. — International Commission appointed at 
 Constantinople to determine on matters relat- 
 ing to Suez Canal shipping dues. 
 
 — The Greeik Goverameut abolishes all its 
 foreign legations except one at Constantinople. 
 
 — Fall of a bridge at Dixon, Illinois, 
 crowded with people witnessing a baptism; 
 fifty persons, mostly women, reported to be 
 drowned. 
 
 — Anti-Ritualist memorial presented to the 
 Archbishop at Lambeth Palace, prayuig the 
 Bishops — " I. To exercise all the authority 
 vested in your lordships for the entire suppres- 
 sion of ceremonies and practices adjudged to 
 be illegal, and in the event of that authority 
 proving insufficient, to afford all other needful 
 facilities for the due enforcement of the law. 
 2. To take especial care that in t.h.e consecration 
 of new and in the restoration of old churches, 
 no form of architectural arrangements and no 
 ornaments be allowed that may facilitate the 
 introduction of the superstit-ious practices and 
 erroneous doctrines which the Church at the 
 Reformation did disown and reject. 3. And, 
 lastly, in the admission of candidates to Holy 
 Orders, in the licensing of curates, and also in 
 the distribution of patronage, to protect us and 
 our families from teaching which — though it 
 may i>ot subject the individual offender to 
 judicial condemnation — is, when taken in its 
 plain and obvious meaning, subversive of those 
 truths to which our Protestant Church, as 
 Keeper and Witness of Holy Writ, has ever 
 borne its faithful testimony." 
 
 116 
 
 S . — On the proposal to read the new Judica- 
 ture Bill a third time, the Marquis of Salisbury 
 moved an amendment intended to transfer 
 ecclesiastical appeals to the new Court of Ap- 
 peal constituted by the bill, and thus put an end 
 to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Judicial 
 Committee of Privy Council. The Marquis 
 objected to the present constitution of the com- 
 mittee when dealing with ecclesiastical appeals, 
 on the ground that among its members were 
 bishops, who; though unlearned in the law, 
 were called on to decide legal questions, and 
 who were also, for the most part, pledged be- 
 forehand to a particular view on the subjects 
 which came before them as Judges. The argu- 
 ments of the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 
 reply, tended to show that in a Court of Eccle- 
 siastical Appeal bishops should be present as 
 Assessors rather than as Judges ; while the 
 Bishop of Winchester expressed a wish for 
 the removal of the Episcopal element from 
 the Judicial Committee, as likely to cause 
 the decisions of the committee to be received 
 more impartially by the great body of the clergy 
 ^an opinion shared by Lord Cairns and Earl 
 Carnarvon. Ultimately, the Marquis of Salis- 
 bury assenting to the objection of the Lord 
 Chancellor that the subject was too large for 
 discussion at that late stage, withdrew his 
 motion, and the bill passed. 
 
 — Mr. Fawcett's University Bill passed by 
 the Commons. 
 
 6. — Sir Charles Dilke's motion calling for 
 redress in the inequalities of the distribution of 
 electoral power over the kingdom rejected by 
 268 to 77 votes ; and Mr. Trevelyan's resolution 
 against honorary colonelcies ,rejected by So to 
 40 votes. 
 
 — A train on the Austrian States Railway 
 thrown off the line not far from Pesth, smash- 
 ing six of the carriages. Twenty-one persons 
 were killed and forty wounded, the victims in 
 most instances belonging to the working 
 classes. 
 
 7. — Died, aged 65, Simon Portland Chase, 
 Chief-Justice of the United States. 
 
 — The Irish Court of Queen's Bench pro- 
 nounces judgment in the O'Keeffe demurrer 
 case. The Roman Catholic Judges Barry, 
 Fitzgerald, and O'Brien, held tljat the rescript 
 of the Pope.under which Cardinal Cullen acted 
 in .suspending Father O'Keeffe was illegal, but 
 that Father O'Keeffe under his contract with the 
 Church had submitted beforehand to the Car- 
 dinal's authority, and that, therefore, he could 
 not allege that in publishing in Callan the sus- 
 pension pronounced upon him, although under 
 an illegal rescript, the Cardinal had libelled'hini. 
 Judge Fitzgerald contended that an agreement 
 to refrain from having recourse to the public 
 tribunals is not against the public interest oi: 
 any contravention of the law, and is a very 
 wholesome rule of practice and discipline. — 
 Chief-Justice Whiteside, on the contrary, in- 
 sisted that the communication was not privi- 
 
JIJAY 
 
 1873. 
 
 MAY 
 
 leged, and that the object— one which the Courts 
 could not sanction — was to exempt a numerous 
 clergy from " intercourse with the civil magis- 
 trate. " He also said it was ' 'apparentfy thought 
 that the present was a favourable time and Ire- 
 land a favourable country " for reasserting the 
 foreign authority, which many ancient and 
 modern statutes had repudiated and forbidden. 
 His lordship also held that a priest could' not 
 be suspended even for criminal conduct without 
 regular proceedings, except in time of visitation, 
 and never after induction could the priest be 
 removed at the mere discretion of the bishop. — 
 As the other three Judges were of the opposite 
 opinion, the case was unaffected by the Chief- 
 Justice's view. 
 
 7. — Sir W. LawBon's Permissive Bill thrown 
 out in the Commons by 321 to 81 votes. 
 
 — The Marquis of Lome proposes to the 
 Archbishop- of Canterbury to raise amongst the 
 laity a central fund large enough to make it 
 certain that no incumbent of any living belong- 
 ing to the Church of England should have 
 less than 200/. a year. " Should your grace 
 approve the estalishment of such a fund, the 
 Princess and I would be anxious to assist in 
 raising a subscription. " His grace promised to 
 co-operate in the scheme, and secure also the 
 countenance of the episcopal bench generally. 
 
 — The Upper House of Convocation adopt 
 a "declaration" for the removal of doubts and 
 to prevent disquietude in the use of the Athan- 
 asian Creed, solemnly declaring "that the 
 Confession of our Christian faith, commonly 
 called the Creed of St. Athanasius, is not to be 
 understood as making any addition to thefaith 
 as contained in Holy Scripture, but as a warn- 
 ing against errors wliich from time to time have 
 arisen in the Church of Christ ; secondly, in- 
 asmuch as Holy Scripture in divers places doth 
 promise life to them that believe, and declares 
 condemnation of them that believenot, so doth 
 the Church in this Confessiott declare the 
 necessity for all who would be in a state of 
 salvation of holding fast the Christian faith, 
 and the, great peril of rejecting the same. So 
 that the warnings in this Confession of faith 
 are to be understood in no otherwise than like 
 warnings in Holy Scripture. Moreover, as all 
 judgments belong to God alone, we are not 
 required or allowed to pronounce judgment 
 upon any particalar person or persons. Further- 
 more, we are to receive God's threatenings, 
 even as his promises, as they are set forth in 
 Holy Scripture." The Bishops of Norwich 
 and Exeter opposed the Declaration, being 
 desirous to abolish the use of the Creed in 
 public worship. 
 
 8. — Died, at Avignon, from erysipelas, aged 
 67, John Stuart Mill, author of many valuable 
 works on logic and political economy. 
 
 — William Alexander Roberts, stock- 
 broker, sentenced at the Old Bailey to twelve 
 years' penal servitude for attempting to pass a 
 forged cheque for 11,500/. 
 
 9. — The Upper House of Convocation dis- 
 cusses a petition signed by 480 members of 
 the Church of England, praying for the ap- 
 pointment of "duly qualified confessors." 
 
 *— Panic on the Vienna Bourse, leading to 
 the fall of over 200 firms, and the suspension 
 of the Bink Act. 
 
 12. —Apologizing to Mr. Cubitt, M.P., for 
 his inability to attend a Lambeth. Conservative 
 banquet, Mr. Disraeli writes : — " You will 
 have an opportunity of impressing on the me- 
 tropolitan constituencies that at the impending 
 general election the country will have to decide 
 whether they will maintain the integrity of the 
 kingdom, as well as-of the empire, and whether 
 they will uphold and cherish that great body of 
 laws and customs and traditions which have 
 converted a small island into one of the mighty 
 Powers of the world. There is no part of the 
 Queen's dominions in which Conservative ele- 
 ments are more rife than in her capital city. 
 But as happensfrequently, when the area* and 
 population are alike vast, there is a want of 
 leaders and organization. But without leaders 
 and organization nothing can be done ; and 
 the metropolitan constituencies must show 
 themselves equal to the occasion, and rise to the 
 emergency. " 
 
 — Mr. Stansfeld carries a motion in the 
 Commons for the appointment of a Select Com- 
 mittee to inquire and report whether the exist- 
 ing areas and boundaries of parishes, unions, 
 and counties may be so altered as to prevent 
 the inconveniences which now arise from their 
 subdivision. 
 
 — At the meeting of the Royal Geo- 
 graphical Society, Mr. N. Elias, the gold 
 medalist of the year, and the first European 
 who had- travelled through Western Mongolia, 
 reads an interesting paper on that remote 
 region. 
 
 13. — The Dublin University Bill read a 
 second time in the Lords. 
 
 — Mr. Crawford's motion for an address to 
 the Queen condfemning the scheme of the En- 
 dowed Schools Commissioners for dealing with 
 Emanuel Hospital, Westminster, rejected by 
 286 to 238 votes. Anne, Lady Dacre, widow of 
 Gregory, the last Lord Dacre of the South, and 
 sister of Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst and 
 Earl of Dorset, the poet, in pursuance of whose 
 will the Hospital in Tothill Street was erected, 
 died on the 14th of May ifjgSi having suivived 
 her husband only a few months. 
 
 — Died, in the hospital of the Prussian 
 Deaconesses, Alexan^a, aged 42, Emanuel 
 Oscar Deutscb, an accomplished authority in 
 Rabbinical and general oriental literature. 
 
 14. — One quarter of a King's share in the 
 New River Company sold in four lots for 
 12,240/., the income for the last year having 
 been on this quarter-share 448/. In 1858 a 
 share sold in the open market at the rate of 
 i9,oooZ. Twelve years after the share was sold 
 • 117 
 
MAY 
 
 1873. 
 
 MAY 
 
 in lots at 38,000/., and the result of this last 
 sale shows the price of a share to be now 
 nearly 49,000/. 
 
 14.— New Guildhall at Winchester opened 
 by the Lord Chancellor. 
 
 — Mr. Cowper's Occasional Sermons Bill re- 
 jected by ^9 to S3 votes. 
 
 — The Times announces the approaching 
 marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh with the 
 Grand Duchess Marie of Russia. 
 
 — Intimation given of a concession granted 
 by the Shah to Baron Renter, and to any com- 
 pany which he may estabhsh, of the exclusive 
 right to construct railways, tramways, and other 
 public works throughout his dominions, to- 
 gether with the exclusive right of working the 
 mines and utilizing the forests of the country. 
 By the second article of the concession, Baron 
 Renter's company obtained the exclusive right 
 of making, and of working for seventy years, 
 railways throughout the country. The lands 
 necessary for the purpose to be given by the 
 State, so far as possible ; and in case lands 
 which are private property should be re- 
 quired, the Persian Government undertook to 
 use its influence to prevent exorbitant prices 
 being charged, and would, if necessary, compel 
 the owners to consent to a forced sale. All 
 materials to be free from import duties, and 
 all persons engaged in the works to be exempt 
 from taxation. The company to pay to the 
 Government 20 per cent, on the net profits of 
 the working of the line. 
 
 15. — The Australian Colonies (Customs 
 Duties) Bill, designed to repeal the Act for- 
 bidding the colonial legislatures to enforce dif- 
 ferential duties as between the colonies and the 
 rest of the world, read a second time. 
 
 — Lord Hartington's motion for a Select 
 Committee to inquire into the case of the Irish 
 National Board of Education, Mr. O'Keeffe, 
 and the- Callan School, carried by 159 to 131 
 votes ; Mr. Bouverie protesting against the 
 proposal, as contrary to all precedent, seeing 
 the House was or would soon be in possession 
 of all papers bearing on the case. 
 
 — The German State Council unanimously 
 determines to expel the monastic orders of 
 Redemptorists and Lazarists, and the Con- 
 gregations of the Holy Ghost and the Most 
 Holy Heart, as coming under the law against 
 the Jesuits. 
 
 — Died, at Heidelberg, aged 53, Prince 
 Couza, formerly Hospodar of Roumania. 
 
 16. — Mr. Miall's Disestablishment motion 
 rejected by 356 to 61 votes. 
 
 18. — The Daily Telegraph prints a despatch 
 dated Tiflis, yesterday, announcing that Khiva 
 was taken, and the Khan a prisoner in the hands 
 of the Russians. 
 n8 . 
 
 18.— Reconstruction of the French Ministry 
 announced. M. Casimir-Perier, Minister of 
 the Interior, and M. Waddington, Minister of 
 Public Instruction. 
 
 19. — Lord Salisbury's motion for an address 
 condemning the scheme of the Endowed 
 Schools Commissioners respecting King Ed- 
 ward's Grammar School, Birmingham, carried 
 by 106 to 60 votes. 
 
 — Mr. George Smith, of the British Museum, 
 at present engaged in Assyrian researches on 
 behalf of the Daily Telegraph, writes from 
 Mosul: — "I am excavating the site of the 
 King's Library, at Nineveh, which I found 
 without much difficulty. Many fresh objects 
 of high importance have rewarded my search. 
 Since my last message I have come upon 
 numerous valuable inscriptions and fragments 
 of all classes, including very curious syllabaries 
 and bilingual records. Among them is a 
 remarkable table of the penalties for neglect 
 or infraction of the laws. But my most 
 fortunate discovery is that of a broken tablet 
 containing the very portion of the text which 
 was missing from the Deluge tablet. Immense 
 masses of earth and debris overlie whatever 
 remains to be brought to light in this part of 
 the great Mound." 
 
 21. — Mr. W. Fowler's bill for the repeal of 
 the Contagious Diseases Act rejected by 251 to 
 128 votes. 
 
 — The Chipping Norton bench of magis- 
 trates commit sixteen women to prison for 
 several days on a charge of intimidating la- 
 bourers employed in the room of others on 
 strike. 
 
 22. — Died, aged 58, the Right Rev. Alex- 
 ander Ewing, D.C.L., Bishop of Argyll and 
 
 the Isles. 
 
 23. — Died, aged go, Alessandro Manzoni, 
 Italian novelist and poet. 
 
 — The Land Titles and Transfer Bill and 
 Real Property Limitation Bill read a second 
 time in the Lords. 
 
 24. — The new Alexandra Palace on Muswell 
 Hill opened. 
 
 — By a majority of 360 to 344 the French 
 Assembly adopt a vote of want of confidence 
 in the new Ministry. M. Theirs thereupon re- 
 signed, and Marshal MacMahon was elected 
 President. In accepting office, the latter vnrote : 
 
 — "I obey the will of the Assembly, the de- 
 positary of the national Sovereignty, and accept 
 the functions of President of the Republic. A 
 heavy responsibility is thrust upon my patriot- 
 ism ; but with the aid of God and the devotion 
 of the army, which will always be an army of 
 the law and the supporter of all honest men, 
 we will continue together the work of liberating 
 the territory, and restoring moral order through- 
 out the country ; we will maintain internal 
 peace, and the principles upon which society 
 rests. That this shall be the case I pledge my 
 word as an honest man and a soldier. " 
 
if AY 
 
 1873. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 84. — The Dutch Chamber vote supplies for 
 the expedition against Atchin. 
 
 26. — President MacMahon submits his first 
 message to the Assembly, expressing a desire 
 for the maintenance of peace, and the reorgan- 
 ization of the army, which "we shall actively 
 persevere in effecting, animated only by a legiti- 
 mate desire to repair the strength and retain 
 the rank which belong to France. The home 
 policy of the Government will be imbued with 
 a character of social Conservatism. All the 
 laws you have voted possess that characteristic. 
 The Government is resolutely Conservative. 
 We have numerous laws to enact. The bills 
 on the reorganization of the army and munici- 
 palities and educational reform are drawn up, 
 and I believe I have selected Ministers who are 
 competent to discuss them. You will discuss 
 the bills which you instructed our predecessor 
 to submit to you and those already before you, 
 and the Government will examine them and give 
 you the result of thier careful consideration. But 
 previously to that the Government must act, 
 and introduce into and impress upon the Ad- 
 ministration the spirit of Conservatism, and 
 cause the laws to be respected by appointing 
 agents who will make them respected and them- 
 selves respect them. The Government will not 
 fail in this duty, and will defend society against 
 all factions. The post in which you have 
 placed me is that of a sentinel who has to watch 
 over the integrity of your sovereign power. " 
 
 — M. Thiers resumes his place as a mem- 
 ber of the French National Assembly. 
 
 27. — The Italian Chamberof Deputies passes 
 the Religious Corporations Bill by 196 to 46 
 votes. 
 
 — The trial of the libel case of O'Keefife 
 V. CuUen terminates in a verdict for the plaintiff 
 — damages one farthing. 
 
 — Fire in Grosvenor Mews, Berkeley 
 Square, causing the death of six persons, and 
 serious injury to several others in attempting to 
 escape from the building. 
 
 — New railway project submitted by M. 
 de Lesseps, the main feature being to connect 
 the lines of Russia with those of India, the 
 first section extending from the north-east of 
 the Caspian Sea to Samarkand, and the second 
 from Samarkand to Peshavnir. 
 
 28. — Austin Byron Bid well, captured at 
 Havana, examined at the Mansion House on 
 the charge of being concerned with others now 
 in custody in the recent forgeries on the Bank 
 of England. 
 
 Died, aged 81, Alderman Sir James 
 
 Duke, Lord Mayor of London in 1848. 
 
 29. —The General Assembly of the Church 
 of Scotland carry a resolution disapproving of 
 the " course taken by the Commission on isth 
 of January last in regard to the appointment of 
 the chair of Church History in the University 
 of Edinburgh, as being in itself an illegal exer- 
 
 cise of authority, and as calculated to weaken 
 the position of the Church of Scotland, and 
 injuriously to affect the rights of the clergy." 
 
 29. — Prince Frederick William, second son 
 of the Prince Louis of Hesse and the Princess 
 Alice, fatally injured by falling out of a window 
 in the royal castle at Darmstadt. 
 
 30. — Another serious fire at Boston, U.S., 
 about forty different buildings being consumed 
 in the block between Washington and Tyler 
 Streets. The dickering piano manufactory 
 and the International Hotel were among the 
 more extensive properties destroyed. 
 
 31. — Explosion of fire-damp in the Bryn 
 Hall colliery, near Wigan, causing the death of 
 six shot-lighters, being the whole of the work- 
 men employed at the time. 
 
 June 1. — The Modoc war ended by the 
 capture of " Captain " Jack and his com- 
 panions. 
 
 2. — ■ Prince Amadeus presented with the 
 civic crown of Turin. 
 
 4. — Opening of the new Infirmary at Wigan 
 by the Prince and Princess of Wales. Next 
 day their Royal Highnesses opened the new 
 Town Hall, Bolton, built at a cost of 150,000/. 
 
 — An obituary notice in the Times of the 
 late J. S. Mill by Mr. Hayward, severely com- 
 mented upon by the Rev. Stopford Brooke, 
 leads to a split among the philosopher's friends 
 regarding the committee of a Mill Memorial 
 Institute. 
 
 5. — The Juries Bill considered in the Com- 
 mons, and various exemptions from service 
 agreed to. 
 
 — The Sultan of Zanzibar ratifies a treaty 
 with England abolishing the slave trade, and 
 clears the bazaar the same day. 
 
 — Died, at Frosinone, aged 65, Signor 
 Ratazzi, a distinguished Italian statesman, at 
 one time Prime Minister of the kingdom, but 
 more frequently in opposition. 
 
 — Marshal MacMahon holds his first re- 
 ception as French President An immense 
 number of friends were present, including all 
 the members of the Diplomatic Body (with the 
 exception of Count Amim), the Ministers, all 
 the deputies of the majority, some members of 
 the Left Centre (such as M. Target), all the 
 generals of the armies of Paris and Versailles 
 with their staffs, the admirals at present in 
 Versailles, numerous officers of all arms, the 
 Princes of Orleans, the directors of all the 
 State Departments, numerous eminent mer- 
 chants and bankers, the leading members of 
 the clergy, the editors of the Conservative 
 newspapers, the members of the Court of Cas- 
 sation, the Court of Accounts, the Court of 
 Appeal, and the Tribunals of First Instance 
 and Cotnmerce, as well as several ladies. 
 
 119 
 
JUNE 
 
 1873- 
 
 yuivE 
 
 6. — Died at Carlsbad, Adalbert, Prince of 
 Pnissia. 
 
 — Military banquet at Vienna in honour of 
 the Czar's visit. The Emperor Francis Joseph, 
 in his own name and in that of the army, pro- 
 posed the health of the Czar and the valorous 
 army of Russia. The assembled guests received 
 the toast with loud cheers, and the Czar, in 
 reply, proposed the health of the Emperor of 
 Austria and his brave and faithful soldiers. 
 
 — Close of the four days' sale of the Per- 
 kins Library at Hanworth Park, the total pro- 
 ceeds amounting to upwards of 26,000/. 
 
 7. — Disorderly proceedings in Dublin, occa- 
 sioned by a mob availing itself for a brief 
 period of the confusion caused by a fire in 
 Thomas Street. 
 
 S. — The Spanish Cortes adopt the Demo- 
 cratic Federal Republic by 210 to 2. After a 
 prolonged crisis a new Ministry was formed 
 under Seilor Pi-y-Margall. 
 
 — Firman granted by the Sultan of Turkey 
 to the Khedive of Egypt, sanctioning the full 
 autonomy of that country, and enacting the law 
 of primogeniture in favour of Ismail Pacha's 
 family. 
 
 — The Great Eastern leaves Portland Roads 
 to lay a fourth telegraph cable between Europe 
 and America. 
 
 9. — The recently opened Alexandra Palace 
 on Muswell-hill destroyed by fire. It broke 
 out a little before one o'clock, and owed its 
 origin in all probability to the carelessness of a 
 workman leaving a brazier of lighted coal on 
 the roof when he went to his dinner. The fire 
 found its way into some crevice of the roof 
 amid inflammable materials, and half a dozen 
 other men who were at work on the roof had 
 barely time to escape before the whole dome 
 was enveloped in flames. When the news of 
 the fire was telegraphed to London, Captain 
 Shaw speedily set out for the palace with a full 
 complement of men and engines, but they had 
 some six or eight miles of ground to cover, 
 much of it being up-hill,- and by the time they 
 reached their destination, the ruin which had 
 been effected was complete and irreparable. 
 The supply of water was very inadequate, and 
 although there were numerous hydrants in the 
 building, with a large reservoir and the New 
 River at the foot of the hill, there did not seem 
 to be any arrangement for pumping the water 
 up in quantities. By three o'clock nothing 
 was left of the building but the outside walls. 
 Most of the pictures, water-colour drawings, 
 tapestry, and music were saved, but the loan 
 collection of china was destroyed, with the ex- 
 ception of two vases contributed by the Queen. 
 During the fire several accidents occurred. 
 
 10. — Circumstantial accounts received of 
 the capture of Khiva by General Kauffmann. 
 
 — Died at Liverpool, aged 79, Michael 
 James Whitty, newspaper proprietor. 
 
 120 
 
 11. — General Kauffmann enters Khiva vnth- 
 out any opposition being offered. In their 
 march the Russian troops traversed altogether 
 707 versts in eighty-nine days. The halts and 
 the works executed en route occupied forty-five 
 days, thus reducing the actual marching time 
 to forty-four days. The average daily march 
 was 16 versts, the longest march being 40 
 and the shortest 64 versts. It was ascertained 
 that the Amoo Daria deviates in its course, 
 and flows in a more easterly direction than is 
 laid down in the maps. 
 
 — In explanation of his retirement, M. 
 Thiers writes to a friend of his at Nancy :— 
 " A government acting energetically against all 
 disorder, and moderately, amicably, and peace- 
 ably towards all parties which are not factious, 
 is the only government capable of appeasing 
 political passions, and of restoring to France a 
 certain amount of unity and well-being. Con- 
 sequently, I have preferred to retire rather than 
 to pursue a policy which was not my own, and 
 which, in siding with the Right, was far from 
 siding with the majority of the country. I 
 turn to the repose of my books and to my 
 friends, desiring nothing but the restoration of 
 France." 
 
 12. — Replying to an address presented by 
 the generals of monastic orders, the Pope said 
 he fully shared in their sorrow at the sad posi- 
 tion in which the religious bodies had been 
 placed. At the same time, he derived comfort 
 from two reflections — ^namely, that souls be- 
 loved by God must be tried by tribulations, and 
 that there were signs that the spirit of prayer 
 was everywhere reawakening. The censures 
 of the Church renewed against the authors of 
 these acts would become a powerfiil weapon 
 which God would employ for the defeat of his 
 enemies. His Holiness concluded by exhorting 
 the " generals " to trust in God and pray. 
 
 13. — A company of British seamen and 
 marines repulse an attack by Ashantees on the 
 castle of Elmina. The tovm had previously 
 been burnt, in consequence of the inhabitants 
 giving arms and shelter to the Ashantees, some 
 3,000 of whom advanced upon the castle. 
 They were met by the marines sent out from 
 England in her Majesty's ship Barracouta, by 
 small-arm men and marines landed from her 
 Majesty's ships, and also a body of Houssas. 
 The action lasted some hours, and the Ashantees 
 were driven back with the loss of about 300 
 killed and a large number wounded. News 
 from other than Admiralty sources made men- 
 tion of an impending attack on Cape Coast 
 Castle by Ashantees, mustering 30,000 strong, 
 about fifteen miles from the town. 
 
 — Died, at Crossmyloof, near Glasgow, aged 
 84, Mrs. Thomson, daughter of the poet Bums 
 by Helen Ann Park — "Annie wi' the gowden 
 locks " — a servant at the Globe tavern, Dum- 
 fries, whose child was rocked in the same cradle 
 with Mrs. Burns's own infant as "a neibour's 
 bairn." 
 
JUNE 
 
 1873. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 13-— Died, aged 93, Frederick von Raumer, 
 German historian. 
 
 — Lord Derby, speaking at the Society of 
 Arts, disputes the wisdom of the proposal that 
 the State should take over the railways. The 
 public, he said, " had no security that railways 
 would not be superseded as coaches and canals 
 had been. The inventive powers of the human 
 mind could not be limited. What would have 
 happened if the Government of the day had 
 bought up stage coaches and canals?" Lord 
 Derby thought also there was much in the 
 argument that the State administration of the 
 railways would put the Government in posses- 
 sion of a powerful engine of corruption. Still, 
 he did not deny that the question might have 
 to be entertained hereafter. 
 
 14. — The Court of Queen's Bench declines 
 to grant a criminal information against Mr. 
 PlimsoU for a libel on Mr. Norwood, M.P., 
 but refuses Mr. PlimsoU his costs. 
 
 15.— The first " Hospital Sunday" held in 
 London ; above 27,400/. collected in connec- 
 tion with the different services. 
 
 — Engagement between Republican and 
 Carlist troops near Prista, Catalonia, the latter 
 having slightly the advantage. 
 
 16. — Replying to a memorial with 60,200 
 signatures against Romish teaching in the 
 Church of England, the Archbishops of Can- 
 terbury and York write: — "We wish to state 
 that we do not consider it to be the duty of the 
 bishops to undertake judicial proceedings upon 
 every complaint of a violation of the rubrics, or 
 upon every charge of unsound doctrine that 
 may be laid before them ; obviously it cannot 
 be desirable that the Church should be harassed 
 by the bishops being dragged into an unlimited 
 number of judicial investigations founded upon 
 charges and counter-charges made by contend- 
 ing theological parties against their opponents, 
 on the ground of alleged excess or defect in 
 conforming to the ritual and preaching the 
 doctrine of the Church. . . . With regard to 
 the particular matters of ceremonial and doc- 
 trine to which you direct our- attention, we wish 
 we saw a readiness everywhere manifested on 
 the part of the laity to use all the legitimate 
 authority which is vested in them, through the 
 election of churchwardens, and all their per- 
 sonal influence to check the growth of Roman- 
 izing tendencies. The laity in many parishes 
 possess a power, more effectual than any dread 
 of prosecution, of preventing improper changes 
 in ritual and extravagance in doctrine ; and we 
 must add that they occasionally show a great 
 reluctance to use their power. . . . We live in 
 an age when all opinions and beliefs are keenly 
 criticised, and when there is less inclination 
 than there ever lyas before to respect authority 
 in matters of opinion. In every state, in every 
 religious community, almost in every family, 
 the effects of this unsettled condition may be 
 traced. The evils of this kind which meet us 
 on every side are by no means restricted to 
 
 such as your petition has brought prominently 
 before us. It is an open question whether the 
 tendencies to superstition or to infidelity, or 
 those old tendencies of unregenerate human 
 nature to a dull and heartless indifference, 
 which, more than either superstition or unbe- 
 lief, leave the heart open to the assaults of 
 immorality, are most to be deprecated. But 
 we rejoice to trace many hopeful signs in the 
 Church of which we are ministers, and to note 
 an increase of religious life in the whole nation." 
 
 16. — The Grand Duke Czarewitch and the 
 Grand Duchess Czarevna, with two sons, 
 arrive at Woolwich on a visit to her Majesty 
 and the Prince and Princess of Wales. 
 
 — Members of the Middlesex Bicycle Club 
 who left London on Whit-Monday (the 2nd 
 inst. ) complete their journey to John O'Groat's, 
 a distance of 800 miles, showing an average 
 daily speed of about 60 miles. 
 
 — The London Nonconformist Committee 
 form resolutions expressing "the utmost dis- 
 satisfaction" at the Government proposals for 
 the amendment of the Education Act, which 
 the committee regard as "conceived in the 
 interests of Denominationalism, calculated to 
 disappoint the just expectations of Noncon- 
 formists, and interposing new difficulties in the 
 establishment of a really national system of 
 education." 
 
 17. — Sir Robert Anstruther introduces, but 
 withdraws after debate, a motion favouring the 
 abolition of patronage in the Church of Scot- 
 land, Mr. Gladstone suggesting a Parliamentary 
 inquiry into the subject next year. 
 
 18. — His Majesty the Shah arrives at Dover, 
 and is received by the Duke of Edinburgh and 
 Prince Arthur on behalf of her Majesty. 
 Charing Cross was reached late in the after- 
 noon, and a triumphal progress made along the 
 route to Buckingham Palace. 
 
 — Mr. Fawcett's bill for transferring the 
 expense of Parliamentary elections from candi- 
 dates to the local rates thrown out in the Com- 
 mons on the proposal for a second reading by 
 205 to 91 votes. 
 
 — Dr. Heurtley, Margaret Professor of Divi- 
 nity, Oxford, publishes a protest against con- 
 ferring an honorary degree on Professor Tyn- 
 dall, on the ground that he had signalized 
 himself by denying the credibility of miracles 
 and the efficacy of prayer. 
 
 19. — The Cape and Zanzibar mail contracts 
 referred to a Select Committee. 
 
 — Died, Mr. David Robertson, of LaJy- 
 kirk, recently elevated to the peerage with the 
 title of Lord Marjoribanks. 
 
 — The Shah receives the members of the 
 Diplomatic Body and her Majesty's Ministers 
 at Buckingham Palace. In the evening the 
 Prince of Wales gave a dinner in honour of his 
 Majesty at Marlborough House. 
 
JUNE 
 
 1873. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 ao. — The crew of the Polaris, American 
 Arctic Expedition, picked up by the Ravens- 
 craig (Dundee whaler) twenty miles south of 
 Cape York, proceeding southward in boats. 
 
 ■ — • The Shah is received by the Queen at 
 Windsir, and afterwards attends a grand ball 
 given ir his honour at the Guildhall. 
 
 21. — The Czarewitch and Czarevna received 
 by the Queen at Windsor. 
 
 — Came on for trial, before Mr. Justice 
 Denman and a special jury, the case of Little- 
 ton V. Gounod, in which the plaintiff, repre- 
 senting the firm of Novello and Company, sued 
 the musical composer for damages in so far as 
 he had written that he had been "mulcted" 
 of certain sums of money, and otherwise made 
 imputations upon plaintiff's taste as a music 
 publisher. Verdict for plaintiff — damages eps. 
 with costs. 
 
 23. — Naval review at Spithead in honour 
 of the Shah; and "reception" at the Albert 
 Hall in the evening. Next day the troops 
 were reviewed in Windsor Park before the 
 Queen and her illustrious guest. 
 
 24. — Died, aged 63, Thornton Leigh Hunt, 
 journalist, eldest son of Leigh Hunt, poet and 
 essayist. 
 
 — Sir Arthur Guinness magnanimously 
 withdraws from further prosecuting the libel 
 charge preferred before a Dublin bench against 
 Sir John Gray, for a paragraph in the .f>rf- 
 matt s Journal ras}f\-n^ erroneous reflections on 
 Sir Arthur's domestic life. 
 
 — The Khan of Khiva issues a procla- 
 mation abolishing slavery: — "Penetrated by 
 veneration for the Emperor of Russia, I declare 
 all slaves in the empire of Khiva to be free, 
 and the slave trade abolished for ever. I com- 
 mand the immediate execution of this order, 
 and severe punishment will be ini^icted in case 
 of refusal. All liberated slaves enjoy equal 
 rights with my other subjects, and are permitted 
 to remain in the Khanate. Should they wish to 
 return to their native country, special measures 
 will be taken. The liberated slaves are to 
 assemble at the nearest market towns, and to 
 present themselves to the authorities, who will 
 inscribe their names on lists and inform the 
 Khan of the number of liberated slaves." 
 
 25. — The German Parliament prorogued by 
 Prince Bismarck in name of the Emperor. 
 
 — Decree published in the Italian official 
 Gazette putting in force the bill for the sup- 
 pression of religious bodies in Rome. 
 
 26. — The Public Worship Facilities Bill 
 framed to enable the diocesan, with the con- 
 sent in writing of the incumbent of a parish, 
 and, in certain circumstances, on the applica- 
 tion in writing of twenty-five or more of the 
 parishioners, to license a clergyman of the 
 Church of England to officiate in any school- 
 room or other suitable building, consecrated or 
 unconsecrated, rejected in the House of Lords 
 on the proposal for a second reading by 62 to 
 2b votes. 
 122 
 
 26. — Mr. Forster moves the annual Educa- 
 tion vote— 1,299,603/. 
 
 27. — Died, at Florence, Hiram Powers, an 
 American sculptor, whose "Greek Slave" ex- 
 cited much interest in the Exhibition of 1851. 
 
 — Lord Stanhope'.s motion for an address 
 to the Queen, praying her Majesty to take into 
 consideration the institution of an Order of 
 Merit to be bestowed by her Majesty as a sign 
 of her royal approbation upon men who have 
 deserved well of their country in science, lite- 
 rature, and art, negatived after a brief dis- 
 cussion. 
 
 29. — The Deerhound, detained some days 
 at Plymouth, on suspicion of being laden with 
 arms for the Carlists, permitted to saiL 
 
 — Reception of the foreign ambassadors in 
 audience for the first time by the Emperor of 
 China at Pekin. 
 
 30. — Mr. Gladstone announces amendments 
 to the Judicature Bill, with the view of establish- 
 ing one final Court of Appeal for the United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 — Intelligence received of the safe arrival of 
 Sir Samuel Baker at Khartoum. The country, 
 he reported, as far as the equator, had been 
 annexed to the Egyptian dominion, and the 
 slave trade completely put down. Sir Samuel, 
 Lady Baker, and party had sailed from Gon- 
 dokoro in one of the steamers which had been 
 taken up country for the navigation of the 
 lakes, occupying about thirty-two days on the 
 journey. 
 
 — The Chief Secretary for Ireland sug- 
 gests to the Commissioners of National Educa- 
 tion an addition to their rules to meet such 
 cases as Mr. O'Keeffe's : — "The Commissioners 
 also reserve to themselves the power of with- 
 drawing the recognition of a patron or local 
 manager, if he shall fail to observe the rules of 
 the Board, or if it shall appear to them that 
 the educational interest of the district require 
 it ; but such recognition will not be withdrawn 
 without an investigation into the above matters, 
 held after due notice to the patron or local 
 manager, and to all parties concerned." The 
 Commissioners unanimously agree to accept 
 the new rule. 
 
 — Anti-Confessional meeting in Exeter Hall 
 presided over by the Earl of Shaftesbury, who 
 spoke of the decision of the bishops as ' ' mealy- 
 mouthed " and " contemptible," and after 
 speaking of the confessional in strong lan- 
 guage, concluded by saying : — " There was one 
 test he would apply to those who were labour- 
 ing to introduce the confessional into the 
 Church. -Would they appoint female con- 
 fessors? (Prolonged cheering followed this 
 question. ) That was a test by which it would 
 fall to the winds, because, if female confessors 
 were appointed every confessional-box in Eng- 
 land would be broken up for firewood in six 
 weeks. Who was to blame for all the scandal 
 in the Church? (Heie there were cries which 
 
JULY 
 
 1873- 
 
 JULY 
 
 lasted some time, ' The bishops, the bishops.') 
 If the Church of England wavered in allegiance 
 to her principles, then let her go. (This was 
 received with loud cheers, and cries of ' All 
 the bishops with her,' renewed vociferous 
 clieering, which lasted for some time.)" 
 
 30. — Public reception of his Majesty the 
 Shah at the Crystal Palace. 
 
 — Died, aged 82, Matthew Marshall, for 
 nearly thirty years chief cashier of the Bank of 
 England. 
 
 — Sir Charles Wheatstone elected an Asso- 
 ciate of the French Academy of Sciences in 
 room of the late Baron Liebig. 
 
 July 1. — Came on before the House of 
 Lords the appeal case of Mordaunt v. Mon- 
 crieffe, guardian, the pleadings ending in a 
 reference to the Judges, suggested by Lord 
 Chelmsford, " Whether, under the Act 20 and 
 21 Vict., proceedings for the dissolution of a 
 marriage can be instituted or proceeded with, 
 either on behalf of or against a husband or 
 wife who, before the proceedings were insti- 
 tuted, has become incurably lunatic?" The 
 learned Judges having requested time to con- 
 sider their answer, the further consideration 
 was adjourned. 
 
 — Meeting of the Education League and 
 Nonconformists at the Westminster Palace 
 Hotel, for the purpose of considering proposed 
 amendments in the Education Act. Mr. Bright 
 remarked, that while he thought the Act of 
 1870 was the very worst Act which had ever 
 been passed by any Liberal Government since 
 the Reform Act of 1832, still it was now a 
 question of what amendment was practicable, 
 and there was no doubt that it was not pos- 
 sible to pass such a measure as the meeting 
 wanted. He warned them against an impul- 
 sive breaking away from the Liberal party. It 
 was easier to smash up than to restore, and 
 they might possibly find, when they had shat- 
 tered the party, as some of the speakers had 
 threatened to do, they would be in a worse 
 and weaker position than they were before. — 
 Resolutions were passed condemning the bill, 
 and respectfully urging upon Liberal members 
 of the House of Commons the desirability of 
 offering it the most strenuous opposition-. 
 
 — Isle of Man Railway opened by the Duke 
 of Sutherland. 
 
 — Died at Paris, aged 75, the Marquis de 
 St. Simon, descendant of the author of the 
 celebrated " Memoires." 
 
 2. — The Shah proceeds again to Windsor to 
 pay a second visit to her Majesty. 
 
 3. — In Committee on the Judicature Bill, 
 Mr. Disraeli referred to the anomalies to which 
 the measure must give rise, and advised the 
 Government to withdraw it this year for the 
 purpose of rc-introducing it next session in a 
 more perfect form. Mr. Gladstone described 
 
 these objections as going to the root of the bill, 
 and were inseparable from the constitution of 
 a Court of Appeal. He anticipated great ad- 
 vantage from the mixture of judges, and de- 
 rided the notion that the ablest men could not 
 be obtained from the Scotch and Irish bars. As 
 to the intermediate appeal, he did not admit 
 the necessity for its abolition, but it was a 
 point about which no decision had yet been 
 anived at. There would be ample opportunity 
 for discussing the whole question when the bill 
 was recommitted, and there was no necessity, 
 therefore, for postponement. 
 
 3. — Discovery of a comet by M. Temple, 
 from the Observatory, Milan. 
 
 — New Atlantic Telegraph cable success- 
 fully laid. 
 
 — Died, suddenly, aged 57, Prince Ponia- 
 towski, a distinguished musical amateur. 
 
 — New Spanish Constitution promulgated. 
 The president to be elected for four years, and 
 not to be eligible for re-election. Deputies not 
 to hold office as Ministers. The army, navy, 
 railways, telegraphs, customs, and finances to 
 be under the control of the Central Govern- 
 ment. A national militia, with compulsory 
 service, to be established. Two sessions of the 
 Cortes every year, and the members to be paid. 
 
 4. — Lord Redesdale introduces, but with- 
 draws after discussion, a motion for an address 
 to the Crown, praying her Majesty to attach 
 official peerages to the offices of Lord Chan- 
 cellor, of the two Chief Justices, and of the 
 Chief Baron of Exchequer. 
 
 5. — The Shah leaves London, and embarks 
 at Dover for Cherbourg, arriving at Paris next 
 day. 
 
 — The French National Assembly decide 
 that a bill for instituting a parliamentary in- 
 quiry into the condition of the French collieries, 
 and the best means of augmenting their pro- 
 ductive capacity in accordance with the re- 
 quirements of commerce, should be treated 
 as "urgent." 
 
 — The Inman steamer City of Washington 
 wrecked in a fog on the Gull Rock Bar, Nova 
 Scotia ; crew and passengers saved. 
 
 7. — Mr. Gladstone announces the abandon- 
 ment of various Government measures for the 
 present session. 
 
 — Duel at Essanges, on the border of the 
 Luxembourg territory, between M. Ranc and 
 M. Paul Cassagnac, each receiving a slight 
 sword-cut in the arm. 
 
 — Replying to an appeal on behalf of the 
 National (Education) Society, Earl Russell 
 writes that he was "aware it was founded in 
 181 1 with the view of superseding the British 
 and Foreign Society in the work of education, 
 and excluding the children of all parents who 
 embrace the Christian faith without belonging 
 to the Church from the benefits of educati./n. 
 I am aware, also, that many of the parochial 
 clergy of the present day are friendly to the 
 
 123 
 
JULY 
 
 1873- 
 
 yULY 
 
 restoration of those practices which led to 
 gross abuses, and to the reformation of the 
 Church. I fear that if encouragement to the 
 practice of confession be fostered, the desire to 
 subvert the principles of the Reformation will 
 gain ground. I therefore remain steadfast in 
 the conviction that the daily reading of a por- 
 tion of the Bible is a necessary condition of any 
 sound education for the general mass of the 
 people. " 
 
 8. — Lord Cairns states in the House of 
 Lords that the changes proposed by the Go- 
 vernment in the Judicature Bill were violations 
 of the privileges of the Upper House, in so 
 far as the extension of the new court to Scot- 
 land and Ireland was a palpable infringement 
 of the rule that any enactment affecting the 
 jurisdiction of their lordships must commence 
 in their own House, and could not be altered 
 elsewhere. It was afterwards intimated by 
 Mr. Gladstone that, to avoid a conflict between 
 the two Houses, Government would propose 
 that it be left to the Lords voluntarily to sur- 
 render their appellate jurisdiction in England 
 and Scotland. This proposal was afterwards 
 abandoned. 
 
 — Mr. Richards carries a resolution in the 
 Commons in favour of international arbitration 
 as a means of preventing wars, by g8 to 88 
 votes. 
 
 — In the case of Farrell and Harting ir. 
 Gordon, in which it was sought to set aside the 
 will of the late Baroness Weld on the ground 
 of undue influence, the Court of Probate pro- 
 nounces in favour of the will and codicils, with 
 costs against the defendants. 
 
 — The brothers Goldsmith and their sister 
 Rebecca sentenced at the Central Criminal 
 Court to various terms of penal servitude for 
 obtaining jewellery under false pretences, and 
 uttering various forged bills of exchange. 
 
 — Lord Gifford delivers judgment at Edin- 
 burgh in the action for separation and aliment 
 by Lady PoUok of PoUok against her hus- 
 band. Sir Hew Crawfurd Pollok, which had 
 been before the Scotch courts for some time. 
 His lordship found that the defender acted 
 cruelly to his wife, and granted the separation 
 asked for, with 500/. per annum aliment. The 
 aliment claimed was 1,000/. a year. 
 
 — The Spanish Government issues a mani- 
 festo declaring that the most pressing and im- 
 portant task before it is " to put an end to the 
 civil war now devastating Catalonia, Navarre, 
 and the Basque Provinces. We are preparing 
 to make a supreme effort for that purpose by 
 the application of the extraordinary powers 
 granted by the Cortes. " The manifesto stated, 
 that in order to achieve liberty the Government 
 had resolved to exact the inexorable execution 
 of the law, and to compel soldiers to remain 
 with their colours until the complete pacifica- 
 tion of the country shall be accomplished. 
 The Government asked the support of all volun- 
 
 124 
 
 teer corps already organized, and' ui^ed them 
 "to display against the partisans of Absolutism 
 the warlike spirit of which they have already 
 given so many proofs." 
 
 a.— Died at Frankfort, aged 68, Herr Winter- 
 halter, German painter. 
 
 — Died at Oxford, aged 83, Rev. John 
 Wilson, D.D., formerly President of Trinity. 
 Dr. Wilson took a first-das» in classics in 
 1809 (the late Dean Gaisford being one of his 
 examiners), the year after Sir Robert Peel had 
 obtained a double-first, while Mr. Keble took 
 his degree in the subsequent year. He was 
 appointed president of his college in 1850, 
 but resigned the office in 1866. 
 
 9. — Diplomatic reception in uniform, in 
 honour of the Shah, held in Paris for the first 
 time since the fall of the Empire. 
 
 10. — Prince Bismarck ceases to be' a member 
 of the Prussian cabinet, and is succeeded by 
 Herr von Balan as Foreign Secretary. 
 
 — A Communist rising at Alcoy, in Spain, 
 where the mayor, with other officers, were 
 murdered, and several public buildings set on 
 fire. A new Ministry was soon afterwards 
 formed. 
 
 11. — Mr. Mitchell Henry calls attention in 
 the Commons to the presence of "strangers," 
 which leads to the reporters being turned out 
 of their gallery, and a complaint by himself 
 and Mr. Whalley as to the imperfect manner 
 in which their speeches were reported — a result 
 which the hon. member for Peterborough 
 attributed to the circumstance that many of 
 the reporters were Roman Catholics. 
 
 — The Duke of Edinburgh betrothed to 
 the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia, at Ingen- 
 heim. 
 
 la. — Loss of the steamer Singapore off Cape 
 Guardafui, East Africa. 
 
 14-. — In Committee on the Judicature Bill, 
 the Attorney - General', by 174 to 129 votes, 
 carries a clause providing that no Lord Chan- 
 cellor hereafter shall receive a pension who 
 has not sat ten years on the woolsack, or served 
 fifteen years as an ordinary judge, unless he 
 give his consent in writing to serve as an 
 additional judge of the Court of AppeaL — ^Mr. 
 Ward Hunt objected to this limitation, con- 
 tending that it would prevent the Government 
 from obtaining the best men. — The Attorney- 
 General replied that the ex-Chancellors would 
 be relieved from the legal duties which they 
 had hitherto performed, and pointed to the 
 engagement of Lord Westbury and Lord 
 Cairns in arbitration cases as grounds for 
 depriving Lord Chancellors of their pensions. 
 — Mr. Gathorne Hardy reminded the Attorney- 
 General that these duties had been imposed on 
 Lord Westbury and Lord Cairns by Acts of 
 Parliament. — Mr. Bouverie was of opinion 
 that this circumstance had nothing to do with 
 the question. The proposed arrangement 
 
JULY 
 
 i«73 
 
 JULY 
 
 would degrade the office of Lord Chancellor 
 by reducing the holder of it to the position of 
 an ordinai-y judge. — Mr. Gladstone and Mr. 
 Lowe denied that this limitation would deter 
 the very foremost men at the bar from accept- 
 ing the Great Seal, and defended the justice of 
 it now that the law lords were relieved from 
 their legal duties. 
 
 14. — The Uhland monument at Tiibingen 
 unveiled. 
 
 — The Marquis of Bute lectures in a Roman 
 Catholic schoolroom, Tower Hill, on "The 
 Shrines of the Holy Land." 
 
 16. — Baronetcy conferred on Lord Mayor 
 Waterlow, in connection with the visit of the 
 Shah to the city, and for having (wrote Mr. 
 Gladstone) ," deserved so well of the people 
 of this great metropolis for his intelligent and 
 indefatigable philanthropy." Each of the 
 sheriffs received the honour of knighthood. 
 
 — Don Carlos re-enters Spain, and issues 
 a. proclamation to the volunteers fighting in his 
 name deploring the blindness of the army, 
 "forgetful of fifteen centuries of glory under 
 the monarchical flag." Leaving the French 
 village of Ustaritz early in the morning, Don 
 Carlos and his party travelled for three hours 
 through the hills and forests of St. Pe and 
 Sare. At a. small inn just on the other side of 
 the frontier, and close to the foot of Pena de 
 la Plata, the Marquis Valdespina and General 
 Lizarraga were waiting by appointment with 
 their staff and an escort. These officers having 
 saluted Don Carlos as their king and kissed 
 his hand, he proceeded to change his travelling 
 costume for a brilliant uniform that had been 
 brought over beforehand, and then, attended 
 by those already named, continued his journey 
 till he reached the village of Zugarramurdy, 
 where a hearty reception awaited him. 
 
 17. — In moving the second reading of the 
 Education Act Amendment Bill, Mr. Forster 
 explained the course which Mirusters con- 
 templated in the face of the objections raised 
 in various quarters against some of its pro- 
 visions, and particularly to the third clause. 
 The object of the clause was twofold — first, to 
 secure education for all the children of out- 
 door paupers ; and, secondly, to transfer to 
 puor-law guardians, upon certain conditions, 
 the onus of paying, wholly or in part, school 
 fees for the children of indigent parents. It 
 was to the latter proposal that objection had 
 been raised by boards of guardians, school 
 boards, and certain religious denominations, 
 and the Government was not prepared to persist 
 in opposition to these bodies. He proposed, 
 therefore, to take out of the clause all that 
 portion relating to the transfer of the powers 
 under the 25th section of the Education Act 
 to the boards of guardians. Jt was also pro- 
 posed to extend the provisions of Denison's 
 Act, arid make education compulsory in the 
 case of pauper children. The proposal for a 
 second reading was carried by 343 to 72 votes. 
 
 17. — Promulgation of the new Spanish 
 constitution, declaring Cuba, Porto Rico, the 
 Philippines, and Fernando Po as two terri- 
 tories. 
 
 — Her Majesty in Council signifies her 
 assent to the marriage between the Duke of 
 Edinburgh and the Grand Duchess Marie of 
 Russia. 
 
 18. — Died, aged 76, Alderman Sir David 
 Salomons, Bart., M.P., the first Jew permitted 
 to take his seat in the House of Commons. 
 
 — Coronation of King Oscar and Queen 
 Sophia at the cathedral of Drontheim, Norway. 
 
 — Resignation of Pi-y-Margall's Ministry at 
 Madrid ; a new Ministry formed by Salmeron. 
 
 19. — Died, through the effects of a fall from 
 his horse, the Right Rev. Samuel Wilberforce, 
 D.D., Bishop of Winchester. Accompanied 
 by Lord Granville the Bishop left London to- 
 day (Saturday) by the South- Western Railway, 
 with the intention of paying a short visit to the 
 Hon. Edward Frederick Leveson-Gower, of 
 Holmbury, near Dorking, where Mr. Gladstone 
 had arrived to meet them. At Leatherhead 
 they were met by a groom with horses. The 
 Bishop mounted one which, on account of its 
 quietness, was a special favourite with Lord 
 Granville. After passing Burford Bridge Hotel 
 they went off the high road, and, leaving 
 Dorking in the valley, made their way over 
 Ranmove Common. From this point they 
 pursued the bridle-road towards , Leith-hill. 
 Beyond Ackhurst Downs, Lord Granville, being 
 very familiar with this part of the country, 
 led the way down the hill towards Abinger, and 
 arrived on a piece of moorland locally known 
 as " Eversheds rough." The waggon road 
 here being full of ruts, they left it for the turf, 
 whidi was light and springy, but not good 
 galloping ground. The Bishop and Lord 
 Granville were in conversation when the 
 Bishop's horse stumbled, it was believed over 
 a stone, and -threw its rider forward. Death 
 appeared to have been instantaneous, as the 
 Bishop fell on his head, and, turning completely 
 over, dislocated his neck. The body was con- 
 veyed to Abinger Hall, the seat of Mr. Farrer, 
 Secretary of the Board of Trade. The Bishop, 
 who was born on the 7th September, 1805, was 
 third son of William Wilberforce, celebrated for 
 the part he took in the abolition of the slave 
 trade. Dr. Wilberforce was consecrated Bishop 
 of Oxford in 1854 and translated to Winchester 
 in 1869. His last public utterance was in the 
 House of Lords on the isth inst., when, in reply 
 to Lord Oranmore's accusation of complicity 
 with the Ritualists, he closed with the words, " I 
 hate and abhor the attempt to Romanize the 
 Church of England ; and I will never hear any 
 one make such a charge without telling him to 
 his face that he is guilty of gross misrepre- 
 sentation." 
 
 — Died at Venice, aged 75, M. Philarete 
 Chasles, French essayist and critic. 
 
 125 
 
JULY 
 
 1873. 
 
 JULY 
 
 19.— The Shah leaves Paris for Vienna by 
 way of Geneva. 
 
 20.— Died at his residence, Lancaster Gate, 
 aged 73, Richard Bethell, Lord Westbury, 
 Loid Chancellor 1861-65, o"S of th^ most 
 distinguished of modem lawyers, and a zealous 
 advocate of reform in his profession. His 
 lordship was busily engaged during the past 
 twelve months as arbitrator under the Euro- 
 pean Assurance Society Arbitration Act of 
 1872, and had in that short time heard and 
 decided many of the principal points brought 
 before him. His decisions gave great satis- 
 faction to the policyholders, especially his 
 interpretation of the novation question, and the 
 decisive way in which he dealt with attempted 
 fraudulent transfers of shares. At the last 
 sitting his lordship was so unwell as to require 
 to be supported on his couch by pillows, and 
 since that time he suffered acutely from inflam- 
 mation of the upper vertebras, and latterly from 
 a cerebral disease. 
 
 21. — Most of the newspapers comment this 
 (Monday) morning on the death of Dr. Wil- 
 berforce and Lord Westbury, the Times re- 
 marking that it was seldom that within one day 
 England suffered such an intellectual loss. In 
 the House of Lords the Duke of Richmond 
 described the latter as attaining to the highest 
 rank which it was possible for a layman in this 
 country to occupy by his overwhelming talents 
 and his great eloquence, while the former he 
 had for many years the privilege and gratifica- 
 tion of claiming as a most intimate personal 
 friend, whose genial social qualities would leave 
 a great gap among a wide circle of sorrowing 
 acquaintances. Next evening Lord Granville 
 said that, sometimes in the House and sometimes 
 out of it, their lordships were apt to depreciate 
 themselves ; but he thought it remarkable that 
 two such losses should have occurred to that 
 assembly within twenty four hours, and yet 
 should have left the House not entirely bare. 
 
 — Writing to the Times on the subject of 
 the Zanzibar Mail Contract, not with reference 
 to its philanthropic or political aspect, but 
 as regards the utility of the East African line 
 as a postal service. Sir Bartle Frere says that 
 he found on the East African coast during his 
 late mission an amount of commerce far exceed- 
 ing what he had been led to expect. All this 
 commerce was increasmg, and was capable of 
 great and rapid development. The greatest 
 obstacle to its increase was the want of regular 
 postal communication. 
 
 — The Duke of Richmond's motion for 
 a Royal Commission to inquire into the griev- 
 ances which the officers of the army allege they 
 suffer from the abolition of purchase, carried 
 against Government by 129 to 46 votes. His 
 Grace afterwards commented on a speech at- 
 tributed to the Duke of St. Albans at Notting- 
 ham, where he was said to have affirmed that 
 the Queen's earliest views of government were 
 guided by the Liberal leader of the day. Lord 
 
 126 
 
 Melbourne, and that "she is supposed never 
 to have forgotten the principles and party of 
 her teacher;" his Grace declaring that he had 
 "never heard anything more irregular, more 
 unconstitutional, or more uncommon " than the 
 remarks attributed to the Duke of St. Albans, 
 and " without desiring to make too much of 
 them," he protested that they were an insult to 
 the Queen. The Duke of St. Albans defended his 
 speech at Nottingham, but disclaimed any wish 
 to make his observations personal. 
 
 22. — Mr. Candlish's proposal to repeal the 
 25th clause of the Educational Act rejected in 
 the Commons by 200 to 98 votes. 
 
 23. — Mr. Trevelyan's Household Suffrage 
 in Counties Bill "talked out," but not before 
 Mr. Forster, and through him Mr. Gladstone, 
 confined to his room by illness, had expressed 
 their approval of the measure. 
 
 — Died, aged 77, George Carr Glyn, Lord 
 Wolverton, leading to the elevation to the 
 Upper House of the Liberal ' ' whipper-in, " the 
 Hon. G. G. Glyn, M.P. for Shaftesbury. (See 
 Aug. 30.) 
 
 — A Committee of the Upper House of 
 Convocation submit a report describing the 
 position of the Church with reference to con- 
 fession and the exceptional cases in which she 
 permitted its use. Such special provisions, 
 however, it was said, "do not authorize the 
 ministers of the Church to require from any 
 who may repair to them to open their grief in 
 a particular or detailed examination of all their 
 sins, or to require private confession as a con- 
 dition previous to receiving the Holy Com- 
 munion, or to enjoin or even encourage any 
 practice of habitual confession to a priest, or 
 to teach that such practice or habitual confes- 
 sion, or the being subject to what has been 
 termed the direction of a priest, is a condition 
 of attaining to the highest spiritual life." 
 
 — Treaty of Commerce between England 
 and France, signed at Versailles. 
 
 24. — The Zanzibar Mail Contracts Com- 
 mittee report that they are of opinion that the 
 contracts of the 8th of May should not be con- 
 firmed ; "but, seeing that the Union Steamship 
 Company has incurred expenses, and has for 
 six months carried out a service, the terms of 
 which they only accepted in consideration of 
 other advantages, consider tliat before offering 
 the service to a rival company or putting it up 
 to public tender, the Government should afford 
 the Union Steamship Company the opportunity 
 of electing to retain the service on fair and 
 reasonable terms." 
 
 — The Shah arrives at Turin, and is received 
 by the King, Princes, Ministers, and municipal 
 authorities. 
 
 25.— The Rating (Liability and Value) Bill 
 rejected in the Lords by 59 to 43 votes. 
 
 — The Education Act Amendment Bill 
 read a tliird time in the Commons. 
 
JULY 
 
 1873- 
 
 JULY 
 
 as. — Fighting at Malaga, in Spain, between 
 General Solier, military governor of the city, 
 and Carbajal, chief of the insurgents, in which 
 the former is victorious. Cadiz bombarded 
 next day. 
 
 — Fire at Baltimore, destroying property in 
 the centre of the city estimated to be worth one 
 million dollars. 
 
 — The late Bishop of Winchester buried at 
 Woolavington, near Petworth, Sussex, of which 
 manor he was lord, in virtue of his wife. Miss 
 Sargent. The Queen and Royal Family were 
 represented on the occasion, and most of the 
 Winchester and Oxford clergy were present. 
 
 28. — The forthcoming marriage of the Duke 
 of Edinburgh announced in both Houses of 
 Parliament, and a day fixed to make additional 
 provision for his Royal Highness. 
 
 — Message brought down from the Crown 
 in answer to the recent address of the House 
 of Lords relative to discontent in the army. 
 The message concluded with a statement that 
 certain cases which have appeared to fall vrithin 
 the principle of the Army Regulation Act, 
 though they were not formally included within 
 its words, would be submitted in annual votes 
 to the favourable consideration of Parliament, 
 and that her Majesty has. also directed that the 
 allegations contained in the memorials of the 
 officers of the army should be carefully examined 
 by a Royal Commission, in order to ascertain 
 whether any of them fall within the principle 
 of, and may be properly dealt with by, the 
 same form of proceedings. 
 
 — After three trials Sub-Inspector Mont- 
 gomery is found guilty of the murder of Mr. 
 Glass, bank cashier, Newtonstewart, and sen- 
 tenced to be executed on the 26th of August. 
 On the verdict being announced the prisoner 
 made a long statement, confessing the murder, 
 and saying that he had been a drunken man for 
 twelve months previously. The weapon, he 
 afterwards explained, was lying on the bank 
 table, unconcealed. Mr. Glass saw it and 
 asked him what he was going to do with it. 
 The prisoner replied that he was dangerous, 
 and commenced brandishing it about his head, 
 but the deceased only laughed. Mr. Glass then 
 turned round to look at a map on the wall, and 
 the prisoner struck him a heavy blow on the 
 head. He turned round and looked, but he 
 was powerless to do anything. Afterwards he 
 fell on the floor. Montgomery sat dovra and 
 began to read the Belfast Newsletter, till Mr. 
 Glass was dead. He hid the weapon and 
 money in his sleeve in the exact way shown by 
 Sergeant Armstrong. He was splashed all 
 over with blood with the exception of his boots, 
 and the notes were also stained. He washed 
 the marks out the next morning with a sponge 
 and water. One of the bundles of notes had 
 not been recovered, and he did not know what 
 had become of it. He hid the notes in Grange 
 Wood immediately after the murder, but he 
 did not place either the sovereigns or the weapon 
 in the place where they were found. 
 
 29. — The French Assembly prorogued, 
 President MacMahon causing a Message to be 
 read, intimating that before they met again 
 foreign occupation would have ceased. 
 
 — Mr. Cross's motion of censure on the 
 Post-Office administration rejected by l6l to 
 m, and Sir John Lubbock's amendment ex- 
 pressing regret at the appropriation of money 
 without the consent of Parliament agreed to. 
 
 30. — Discussion raised by Mr. Bouverie in 
 the Commons on Ministerial responsibility, 
 arising out of differences in the departments 
 presided over by Mr. Ayrton and Mr. Lowe . 
 
 — Archbishop Manning expresses approval 
 of a desire manifested among the Catholic laity 
 to enter upon a pilgrimage to Paray-le-Monial, 
 a small village some distance from Paris, which 
 acquired its reputation as a centre for pilgrim- 
 ages from the fact that, according to the Roman 
 Catholic belief, just 200 years ago the Saviour 
 appeared there to the ' ' blessed " Mary Margaret 
 Alacoque, and intrusted to her a message to 
 propagate the worship of the Sacred Heart. 
 "It is," wrote the Archbishop, "an act of 
 faith in the sight of the world, which seems 
 every day becoming more and more uncon- 
 scious of the presence and power of God. The 
 defiance and derision with which the world has 
 treated the pilgrimages in Italy, Germany, 
 Belgium, and France is an explicit reason for 
 the Catholics of England to claim their share 
 also in their inheritance of our common cause. 
 Moreover, it will be a witness to the power of 
 prayer, which has, of late, like all other super- 
 natural facts, been tossed to and fro in the 
 hands of our men of culture. Lastly, it will 
 not fail to hasten the day when the reign of 
 wrong shall cease. The present state of Europe 
 cannot last long ; and men will find that they 
 will have to pay dear for the dishonour they 
 have heaped upon the Vicar of Jesus Christ." 
 The pilgrimage was advertised to start from 
 London on Tuesday, September 2 ; the pil- 
 grims to reach Paray-le-Monial next day, 
 and having performed their devotions at the 
 shrine on the 4th, might, if so disposed, find 
 themselves back in London by the Friday night 
 or Saturday morning. 
 
 — The Shah arrives at Vienna. 
 
 31. — The second reading of the bill for add- 
 ing 10,000/. to the Duke of Edinburgh's an- 
 nuity of 15,000/. carried by 162 to 18 votes. 
 
 — The House of Lords afiirm the decision 
 of the Master of the Rolls in the case of Peek 
 V. Gumey. 
 
 — The Indian Budget introduced by Mr. 
 Grant-Duff. Taking the actual year ending 
 March 1872, the regular estimate for the year 
 just ended, and the budget estimate for the year 
 ending next March, he showed, with regard to 
 the first period, that there had been a surplus 
 of over three millions — the largest known since 
 the China trade was thrown open. The second 
 period showed a surplus of nearly a million and 
 
 127 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1873- 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 a half, and for the coming year it was estimated 
 that there would be a virtual equilibrium, the 
 revenue being 48,286,000/., against an ex- 
 penditure of 48,066,000/. The disappearance 
 of the surplus Mr. Grant-Duff attributed to the 
 cessation of the income tax. 
 
 Angiist 1.— Died at Kensington Palace, 
 aged 84, Cecilia Letitia, Duchess of Inverness, 
 formerly Lady Buggin, and afterwards privately 
 married to the late Duke of Sussex. 
 
 2, — Early this morning a serious accident 
 happened to the express known as the tourist 
 train from London to Scotland, consisting 
 of twenty-five carnages, one of the heaviest 
 of the season. As it was approaching Wigan 
 at the rate of thirty-five miles an hour, seven 
 carriages at the end of the train were, through 
 some cause never ascertained, wrenched from 
 the others at a pair of facing points, and rushed 
 up a siding at the London and North Western 
 station at Wigan. Four carriages were de- 
 stroyed, one bounded on to the platform and 
 turned bottom uppermost, two others followed 
 and heeled over, and a portion of one was 
 thrown over a high wall into a foundry yard, a 
 female passenger dropping with it. Ten per- 
 sons were killed and thirty injured. 
 
 — Constantinople news makes mention of the 
 proposed canalization of the Isthmus of Corinth 
 The Greek Government granted to the con- 
 cessionaires, Lubini and Xenos, 30,000,000 
 square yards of building land for the construc- 
 tion of the new town and docks, the mines, 
 woods, forests near the canal, the mineral 
 waters of Lutraki, the railways and tramways, 
 the Lake of Stymphalia, for the irrigation, 
 monopoly of shipping, and numerous other 
 privileges. 
 
 — Mr. Boord, Conservative, elected M.P. 
 for Greenwich by a majority of 745 over all the 
 other five candidates put together. 
 
 — Died, Lady Trevelyan, sister of Lord 
 Macaulay, and his literary executor. 
 
 — The Germans withdraw from Belfort. 
 
 3. — Pastoral issued by Cardinal CuUen, 
 directing the performance of a " Novena," pre- 
 paratory to the Feast of the Assumption. 
 
 4-. — Collision between the State liner 
 Alabama and the steamer Abeona, off In- 
 strahuU, Ireland, the latter sinking with all 
 on board excepting three picked up by the 
 boats of the Alabama. A Board of Trade 
 inquiry resulted in a verdict that Flint, master 
 of the Alabama, merited the severest censure 
 for the lack of judgment he displayed in this 
 calamity after the collision, and he was accord- 
 ingly severely reprimanded. Further, that 
 George Hutchings, second officer of the Ala- 
 bama, was guilty of a grave default in the per- 
 formance of his duty as officer of the watch on 
 the night of the collision, and therefore his 
 certificate as master was suspended for eighteen 
 months. The court intimated that it would 
 128 
 
 call the attention of the Board of Trade to the 
 practice of passenger ships carrying the whole 
 of their boats turned in on the chocks and 
 covered. The court recommended that such 
 boats be turned outwards. 
 
 5. — Parliament prorogued by Commission, 
 the Royal Speech making reference to the 
 Zanzibar, French, and Brazilian treaties, and to 
 the Supreme Court of Judicature and Education 
 Amendment Act, among the useful measures 
 passed during the session. The Standard de- 
 scribed the speech as fitly closing the record of 
 a barren session, and reflecting the exhaustion of 
 an expiring Ministry. ' ' In this empty catalogue 
 of feeble achievements, these long-drawn-out 
 platitudes, these sounding commonplaces, 
 these disjointed conclusions and inarticulate 
 congratulations, we may trace the spirit of an 
 Administration which, after living as long as it 
 can on the faith of a few energetic acts at the 
 beginning of its career, is consciously ap- 
 proaching its dissolution." "The army," 
 wrote the Pall Mall Gasette, " the police, the 
 civil service, the diplomatic service, the public 
 spirit, the public conscience, the independence 
 of the Legislature, even the judicial bench have 
 every one of them been wounded and dispirited 
 by Mr. Gladstone's Government ; and that is 
 something far more serious than passing a bad 
 bill, or neglecting to pass a good one, or failing 
 to advance some ' fundamental principle.' " 
 
 — Mr. Baxter resigns his office of S Aretary 
 to the Treasury, on the ground that Mr. Lowe 
 had not consulted him with reference to recent 
 contracts, and declined to follow his advice. 
 
 — The Comte de Paris visits the Comte de 
 Chambord at Frohsdorf, and acknowledges him 
 as the head of the royal house. 
 
 — Mr. James Baird, of Auchmeddan, a 
 member of the Scotch film of ironmasters, 
 passes over to a body described as the " Baird 
 Trust " the sum of 500,000/. " to assist in pro- 
 viding the means of meeting, or at least as far 
 as possible promoting, the mitigation of spiritual 
 destitution among the population of Scotland 
 through efforts for securing the godly upbringing 
 of the young, the establishing of parochial pas- 
 toral work, and the stimulating of ministers 
 and all agencies of the Church of Scotland to 
 sustained devotedness in the work of carrying 
 the Gospel to the homes and hearts of all." 
 
 5. — The Pope writes to the Emperor of 
 Germany that the measures recently adopted 
 by his Majesty's Government aimed at nothing 
 short of the destruction of Catholicism, and 
 could have no other effect than that of under- 
 mining his Majesty's throne. " I speak," said 
 his Holiness, "with frankness, for my banner 
 is truth ; I speak in order to fulfil one of my 
 duties, which consists in telling the truth to all, 
 even to those who are not Catholics ; for every 
 one who has been baptized belongs in sou.e 
 way or other, vifhich to define more precisely 
 would be here out of place — belongs, I say, to 
 the Pope. I cherish the conviction that your 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1873- 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 Majesty will receive my observations with your 
 usual goodness, and will adopt tlie measures 
 necessary in the present case. While oflfering 
 to your most gracious Majesty the expression 
 of my devotion and esteem, I pray to God that 
 He may enfold your Majesty and myself in one 
 and the same bond of mercy." On the 3rd of 
 September the Emperor replied that Catholic 
 priests in Italy sought by intrigue to disturb 
 the peace which had existed for centuries. ' ' I 
 willingly entertain the hope that your Holiness, 
 upon being informed of the true position of 
 affairs, will use your authority to put an end to 
 the agitation carried on amid deplorable distor- 
 tion of the truth and abuse of priestly authority. 
 The religion of Jesus Christ has, as I attest to 
 your Holiness before God, nothing to do with 
 these intrigues, any more than has trath, to 
 whose banner invoked by your Holiness I 
 unreservedly subscribe. There is one more 
 expression in the letter of your Holiness which 
 I cannot pass over without contradiction, al- 
 though it is not based upon the previous infor- 
 mation, but upon the belief of your Holiness — 
 namely, the expression that every one that has 
 - received baptism belongs to the Pope. The 
 Evangelical creed, which, as must be known 
 to your Holiness, I, like my ancestors and the 
 majority of my subjects, profess, does not per- 
 mit us to accept in our relations to God any 
 other mediator than our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 The difference of belief does not prevent me 
 living in peace with those who do, not share 
 mine, and offering your Holiness the expression 
 of my personal devotion and esteem." 
 
 6. — Duel at Creteil between M. About and 
 M. Herve, arising out of comments, said to be 
 disrespectful, made by the former regarding the 
 Comte de Paris. M. About was wounded in 
 the hand, and declared unable to continue the 
 contest. 
 
 — Mr. Allsopp, Conservative, elected M. P. 
 for East Staffordshire by 3,630 votes to 2,693 
 given in favour of Mr. Jaffray, Liberal. 
 
 — Died, aged 82, M. OdillonBarrot, French 
 statesman. 
 
 7. — Application having been made by the 
 minister and churchwardens of St. Barnabas, 
 Pimlico, to be allowed to erect a baldacchino 
 in the church, the Bishop of London writes : — 
 " The question of the legality of a baldacchino 
 as an ornament of a church has never, I under- 
 stand, been raised ; arid it is the more import- 
 ant that it should be decided once for all, 
 because a structure of this kind was proposed 
 by Dean Mjlmfin to be erected over the com- 
 munion table in St, Paul's Cathedral, in accord- 
 ance, as it is stated, with the design of Sir 
 Christoplf er Wren, and has not, I believe, been 
 abandoned by the present Restoration Com- 
 mittee." 
 
 8, — Increasing dissensions in the Ministry 
 
 lead to a re-arrangement of offices, the Times 
 
 making the announcement to-day that Lord 
 
 Ripon and Mr. Childers would retire. "Mr. 
 
 129 
 
 Bruce," it was said, "will receive a peerage, 
 and succeed Lord Ripon as Lord President of 
 the Council. Mr. Bright will succeed Mr. 
 Childers in the Duchy of Lancaster. Mr. Lowe, 
 who will leave the Exchequer, will succeed Mr. 
 Bruce in the office of Home Secretary. The 
 Chancellorship of the Exchequer will be held 
 by Mr. Gladstone together with the office of 
 First Lord of the Treasury." In a few day! 
 Mr. Ayrton was made Judge-Advocate, and 
 Mr. Adam First Commissioner of Public 
 Works. 
 
 8. — The Shah leaves Vienna for Brindisi, 
 on his way to Constantinople. 
 
 9. — The Potomac river steamer Wawasset 
 destroyed by fire, and over forty of the passen- 
 gers suffocated, burnt, or drovraed. 
 
 10. — The clipper-ship Dunmail, belonging 
 to the White Star Line, wrecked at the mouth 
 of the Mersey, having become unmanageable 
 m a heavy sea. 
 
 11. — Professor Reiixkens consecrated Old 
 Catholic Bishop at Rotterdam by Bishop Hey- 
 kamp of Deventer, and two assistants. 
 
 12. — Sir George Jessel appointed to the 
 Mastership of the Rolls. 
 
 — Died, aged 58, Mr. Chisholm Anstey, 
 who represented Youghal for several years in 
 the House of Commons, where he made him- 
 self conspicuous by persistent attacks on. the 
 policy of Lord Palmerston. 
 
 13. — The English yacht DeerHound' %AieA 
 by a Spanish gunboat off Fuentarrabia, laden 
 with arms and ammunition for the Carlists. 
 
 14, — An African West Coast naval expe- 
 dition, while exploring the river Prah, fall into 
 an ambuseade and suffer great loss at the hands 
 of the Ashantee tribe. Commodore Commerell 
 was severely wounded. 
 
 — The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland turns the 
 first sod of a new graving docK at Waterford. 
 
 — Sudden prorogation of the Parliament of 
 Canada, the Governor- General announcing the 
 appointment of a Royal Commission to inquire 
 into the Pacific Railway scandal. 
 
 15.— The Right Rev. Dr. Edward Harold 
 Browne, Bishop of Ely, recommended to be 
 elected to the see of Winchester, in room of 
 the late Dr. Wilherforce, 
 
 -^ Imperialist fUe at Chiselhurst, about 
 1, 000 Bonapartists being received at Camden 
 House by the Empress and Prince Imperial, 
 the latter of whom affirmed the principle of 
 national sovereignty. 
 
 16. — The London Carlist Committee issue 
 a despatch that "the Royal forces of Tristany 
 and Saballs, under the command of his Royal 
 Highness the Infante Don Alfonso, and num- 
 bering 2,400 men, after evacuating Berga, en-, 
 gaged and completely routed three columns of 
 the enemy, numbering 7,000 men, betweeij 
 Casevras, Giron,eIlaj and Berga. We have. 
 
AUGUST 
 
 1873- 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 taken one cannon and a large quantity of rifles 
 and munitions. Tlie loss of the enemy is esti- 
 mated at more than 200 killed and a large 
 number wounded. " 
 
 16. — Five lives lost on Windermere by the 
 upsetting of a sailing skiff hired out for a day's 
 pleasure by Mr. Cooper and party. 
 
 — The equestrian statue of Mehemet Ali 
 Pasha, erected in the Grand Square at Alexan- 
 dria, is unveiled, and the new Imperial Firman 
 is publicly read. 
 
 17. — Walter Howard, formerly page to an 
 elderly lady named Miss Warren, charged with 
 obtaining sums of money from his mistress 
 under the false pretence of consulting Dr. Gull 
 and others, is dismissed at the Middlesex Ses- 
 sions, the jury not being able to agree upon a 
 verdict. 
 
 18.— The British Iron and Steel Institute 
 commence sitting at Liege. 
 
 — ■ The Shah arrives at Constantinople. His 
 Majesty left for Teheran on the 25th. 
 
 — Died at Geneva, aged 69, Charles, ex- 
 Duke of Brunswick. He left the greater part 
 of his large fortune to the city in which he 
 died, subject only to the charge of a princely 
 funeral and the erection of a magnificent mauso- 
 leum in which his remains were to be entombed 
 amidst statues of bronze and marble. Among 
 the gems discovered in his treasure-chest was 
 the famous onyx vase of Mantua. 
 
 — Commenced at the Central Criminal 
 Court, before Mr. Justice Archibald, the trial 
 of Austin Biron Bidwell, aged 27, no occupa- 
 tion ; George Macdonnell, 28, clerk ; George 
 Bidwell, 34, merchant ; and Edward Noyes, 29, 
 clerk, who were placed at the bar to take their 
 trial upon several indictments charging them 
 with forging foreign bills of exchange, and 
 thereby defrauding the Bank of England of 
 over 100,000/. The trial lasted till the 26th, 
 when the whole of the prisoners were found 
 guilty, and sentenced to transportation for life. 
 The chief evidence was given by bank officials 
 who had transacted business for the prisoners, 
 engravers who had prepared plates under their 
 inspection, hotel-keepers where they had re- 
 sided, and a young woman named Ellen 
 Vernon, who had lived some time with 
 George Bidwell. 
 
 19. — Mr. Gladstone presides at the Welsh 
 National Eisteddfod opened at Mold, com- 
 plimenting his hearers on the fact that 800,000 
 people still clung to their native tongue in spite 
 of all the pressure which had been put upon 
 them. Such was the loyalty of Welsh people, 
 however, that their heart never had been alien- 
 ated from the throne and the laws of the 
 country. The Welsh were a people of deep 
 and strong religious sympathies, but on those 
 sympathies they had been deeply, most un- 
 justly, and even madly thwarted. To their 
 own great honour they had made provision 
 themselves for their own religious wants. 
 130 
 
 What a lesson that was upon the false policy 
 that had been pursued ! We had endeavoured 
 to hector them into the abandonment of their 
 language ; they had clung to it with unexampled 
 fidelity. In conclusion, Mr. Gladstone said 
 there was no greater folly circulating upon the 
 earth at the present moment than the disposi- 
 tion to undervalue the relics of the past, and to 
 break those links which unite human beings of 
 the present day with the generations that had 
 passed away. 
 
 19. — Sir Garnet Wolseley appointed to the 
 chief command of stations on the Gold Coast, 
 and Commander Glover, R.N., gazetted 
 " Special Commissioner to the Friendly Native 
 Chiefs in the Eastern District of the Protected 
 Territories near or adjacent to her Majesty's 
 Settlement on the Gold Coast. " 
 
 — Formal opening of the harbour of refuge 
 at Holyhead by the Prince of Wales and the 
 Duke of Edinburgh. 
 
 20. ^Narrow escape of Prince Arthur from 
 drowning at Trouville, in Normandy. 
 
 21. — Died, aged 95, Charles Bridgman, for 
 eighty-one years organist of All Saints' Church, 
 Hertford. 
 
 — Dr. Kenealy concludes his opening speech 
 for the defence in the Tichborne case, having 
 spoken for twenty-one days. 
 
 22. — Mr. Bruce gazetted to the peerage as 
 Lord Aberdare. 
 
 23. — Opening of Albert Bridge, crossing the 
 Thames from Chelsea to Battersea. 
 
 — Collision near Retford, on the Great 
 Northern line, between an excursion train i-un- 
 ning from Sheffield to Cleethorpe and a fish 
 train leaving Doncaster at 7.20 a.m. Three 
 pereons were killed and over twenty injured. 
 
 — Inquest at Wood Green respecting the 
 deaths of Mrs. Maria Constable, aged 55, and 
 her sister, Mrs. Sarah Everett, aged 47, vvho 
 disappeared from their homes on the 25th of 
 June, and were found on the 2 1st instant buried 
 in the ruins of the Alexandra Palace. The jury 
 returned a verdict that death had resulted by 
 suffocation caused from a brick wall falling 
 upon them. How they got into the ruins there 
 was no evidence to show. 
 
 25. — Archdeacon Denison calls attention to 
 the fact that certain bishops propose to exter- 
 minate the Catholic element in the Church. 
 "Well," he writes, "if the Bishop of Glou- 
 cester and Bristol, or any other bishop or 
 bishops, will have open war, let it come. If 
 they like to 'snub' every Catholic and 'pat on 
 the back ' eveiy ultra-Protestant, let them follow 
 their inclination. If they elect to stimulate 
 popular ignorance and passion by calling us 
 'dishonest,' 'disloyal,' 'plotters,' ' traitors, ' so 
 let it be. If they prefer to administer their 
 dioceses inequitably, let them so administer, as 
 some are doing now. If they propose to repeat 
 the policy which drove out Wesley a century 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 i8;3. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 ago, let them try its effect upon us. If they 
 think it will promote God's truth and the good 
 of souls to see what can be done towards pro- 
 curing persecuting Acts of Parliament, let them 
 try their hand. We are quite ready, and we 
 should fear nothing if they should succeed. 
 But they will not succeed. " 
 
 25. — Senor Castelar elected President of 
 the Spanish Cortes. 
 
 — Details published of an attempt to rescue 
 the American bank forgerspresentlyon their trial 
 by bribing three of the warders in Newgate. 
 
 26. — Inspector Montgomery executed in 
 Omagh Gaol for the murder of Andrew Glass, 
 bank cashier, at Newtonstewart. 
 
 — At Posen, Monsignor Ledochowslci is 
 condemned to a fine of 200 thalers, or four 
 months' imprisonment, for making illegal cle- 
 rical appointments. The public prosecutor 
 had asked that the bishop should be fined 500 
 thalers, in consequence of his obstinate and 
 hostile attitude towards the State. At Fulda, 
 Bishop Koel was fined 400 thalers for appoint- 
 ing clergymen without the sanction of the 
 State. 
 
 — Died, Carl Wilhelm, composer of the 
 famous German war-song " Wacht am Rhein." 
 
 27. — The citadel of Estella taken by Don 
 Carlos, who commanded in person. 
 
 — Opening of the new pier at Heme Bay 
 by Lord Mayor Wateriow. 
 
 29. — Blockade proclamation issued by Col. 
 Harley at the Gold Coast: — "Whereas, hos- 
 tile forces of Ashantees and other tribes are 
 encamped and are waging war against her 
 Majesty the Queen in and about the western 
 portion of the protected territories on the Gold 
 Coast ; and whereas warlike munitions, pro- 
 visions, and articles useful to the enemy in the 
 carrying on of their hostile purposes have been 
 supplied to them from vessels trading on the 
 coast : Now know ye that we hereby proclaim 
 and declare that from and after the date hereof 
 until our pleasure herein shall be further known, 
 the entire blockade of the coast between Cape 
 Coast Castle and the River Assinee, and of all 
 the ports thereon with the exception of the port 
 of Cape Coast, is and shall be in force. " 
 
 30. — The Conservatives carry Shaftesbury, 
 Mr. Benet-Stanford polling 603 votes against 
 534 tendered for Mr. Danby Seymour, Liberal. 
 
 September 1. — The captured insurgent 
 frigates towed away from Carthagena by Ad- 
 miral Yelverton, in defiance of the threats of 
 the insurgents. The vessels were afterwards 
 given up to the Madrid Government. 
 
 a. — Six hundred pilgrims leave London for 
 Paray-le-Monial, to visit the shrine of the 
 Sacred Heart. Before starting many of them 
 attended mass celebrated for their convenience 
 in various churches as early as four and five 
 i3« 
 
 o'clock. The general appearance of the pil- 
 grims presented no difference whatever from 
 that of an ordinary excursion party, and would 
 have been in no way distinguishable but for 
 the great number of priests who thronged the 
 railway platform, and from the badge of 
 the Sacred Heart worn by almost all present. 
 The demeanour of the pilgrims, notwith- 
 standing their errand, was quite in keeping 
 with nineteenth-century customs, and though 
 they were all armed with the special manual of 
 devotion for use by the way, many of them 
 were careful to provide themselves with the 
 morning papers. The pilgrims crossed the 
 channel to Dieppe in two boats, over which 
 floated the English Union Jack, the Papal flag, 
 and the flag of the Sacred Heart. Mass was 
 celebrated during the passage by Monsignor 
 Capel. At Paray-le-Monial the pilgrims were 
 met by the whole population of the town, 
 bearing torches. The procession — a mile in 
 length — was headed by the flag of the Sacred 
 Heart, and closed by the Union Jack borne 
 by Admiral Jerningham. The banner of Eng- 
 land was borne by the Duke of Norfolk, that 
 of Scotland by Lord Walter Kerr. The Bishops 
 of Salford and Oran conducted the pilgrims to 
 the parish church from the railway station, 
 where benediction was said, followed by con- 
 fessions. Masses and communions were after- 
 wards celebrated every half-hour from mid- 
 night. 
 
 2. — The anniversary of the battle of Sedan 
 celebrated at Berlin by unveiling the monu- 
 ment of " Victory " in presence of the Emperor, 
 the Imperial Prince, and military deputations 
 from various German States. 
 
 3. — Sir George Jessel takes his seat for the 
 first time as Master of the Rolls. Though not 
 disqualified to sit in the House of Commons, 
 Sir George, as he explained, having regard to 
 the spirit of the Judicature Act, thought it best 
 not to solicit the suffrages of the Dover electors 
 again. 
 
 — News received of the wreck of the Ethiopia 
 off Negrais, on her voyage from Calcutta to 
 Rangoon. Mails lost ; passengers saved. 
 
 — The proposal made in the Spanish Cortes 
 by Senor Clave that death sentences of military 
 tribunals should be referred to the Cortefbefore 
 execution, rejected by 88 votes to 82. 
 
 4. — Defending Government at a Sheffield 
 Cutlers' Feast, Mr. Lowe said that during the 
 Liberal tenure of office the finances of the 
 country had been so prosperous as to permit 
 of 3,600,000/. of special claims being paid off 
 without borrowing a sixpence or imposing a 
 tax at all. " That is the answer which I have 
 to give to those who have been so liberal in 
 criticizing. Can it be said in exercising this 
 strict economy in your public service that any- 
 thing has been shirked, or that anything which 
 ought to have been done has been neglected ? 
 Look at the army. In 1859 the army num- 
 bered 84,000 men. Now it numbers 98,000, 
 K 2 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 being an increase of 14,000, and this amend- 
 ment with this great reduction in the expendi- 
 ture. If you look at the fine arts, I have spent 
 8,oooi in buying Sir Robert Veel's pictures, 
 and 50,000/. in splendid collections of antiquity 
 for the British Museum ; so far from my having 
 been stingy, I consider that these payments 
 have been liberal in the extreme. . . . We are 
 not tenacious of office. We are wearied with 
 the labour of anxious and eventful years. It is 
 a small matter for us whether we retain power 
 or not. It is for you to consider whether it is a 
 small matter for you. On that I offer no opinion. 
 But this I will venture to say, that, if the deci- 
 sion of the country should be against us, we shall 
 then carry into private life the applause of our 
 own consciences, as having done in our judg- 
 ment the best we could for our country, and 
 the consciousness that we have left on the 
 statute-book and in the history of this country 
 records which calumny cannot permanently 
 distort, and which envy, with all her efforts, 
 can never obliterate. " 
 
 5. — The mutilated remains of a female found 
 in different parts of the Thames between Bat- 
 tersea and Limehouse. A reward of 200/. was 
 afterwards offered by Government for the dis- 
 covery of the murderer, and a free pardon to 
 any accomplice not the actual perpetrator of 
 the presumed crime. 
 
 — Apologising for his inability to be present 
 at the opening of the Roman Catholic cathedral, 
 Armagh, Archbishop Manning expresses an 
 opinion that Ireland is in a happier condition 
 in regard to religion than any other country, 
 and also maintains that the country was never 
 in so good a condition materially, and was 
 never so influential in the British Empire and 
 in the world as at present. But " when I look 
 upon foreign nations, and I may say also upon 
 England, I see cause for grave foreboding." 
 Regarding Home Rule, the Archbishop thought 
 the Parliament of the future will be broader, 
 and more in sympathy with the constituencies 
 of the three kingdoms. ' ' England and Scotland 
 will not claim to legislate for Ireland according 
 to English and Scotch interests and prejudices; 
 and Ireland, when it is justly treated, will have 
 no more will then than it has now to make or 
 meddle in the local affairs of England or Scot- 
 land. ■ The three peoples are distinct in blood, 
 in religion, in character, and in local interests. 
 They will soon learn to 'live and let live,' 
 when the vanquishing reliquias of the Tudor 
 tyranny shall have died out, unless the insane 
 example of Germany shall for a time inflame 
 the heads of certain violent politicians to try 
 their hand at what they call an Imperial policy." 
 
 — Died, at Coolavin, aged 75, Charles J. 
 Macdermot, "Prince of Coolavin," a fellow- 
 labourer with O'Connell in the cause of Catholic 
 emancipation. 
 
 8. — New docks at Flushing opened by the 
 King of Holland. 
 
 9. — The Alabama indemnity paid at Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 9. — Senor Salmeron, now elected President 
 of the Executive Power, submits the names of 
 a new Ministry to the Cortes. 
 
 — Colossal statue of Nelson unveiled at Plas 
 Llanfair, the marine seat of Lord Clarence 
 Paget. 
 
 — Three persons killed and twelve injured 
 through an accident to a South- Western train 
 near Guildford, caused by a bullock straying 
 on the line. 
 
 10. — The Conservatives win Renfrewshire, 
 vacant by the elevation of the late Home Secre- 
 tary to the peerage, the numbers being, Camp- 
 bell, 1,885 ; Mure, 1,677. 
 
 12. — Sir Garnet Wolseley and his staff sail 
 from Liverpool for the Gold Coast. 
 
 — Free library, museum, and picture gallery 
 opened at Brighton. 
 
 — Old Catholic Congress opened at Con- 
 stance. 
 
 13. — Died, aged 63, the Duke de Rianzares, 
 husband of the ex-Queen of Spain, formerly a 
 soldier in her guard. 
 
 15. — Brief official despatch received an- 
 nouncing disaster to the exploring expedition 
 on the Prah in August. 
 
 16. — The last of the German troops cross 
 the French frontier between nine and ten o'clock 
 this morning. 
 
 17. — The King of Italy arrives at Vienna 
 on a visit to the Emperor, and afterwards pro- 
 ceeds to Berlin. 
 
 — Another fire at Chicago, laying waste a 
 line of property nearly a mile in extent. 
 
 — The British Association commences its 
 sittings at Bradford, Professor Williamson (in 
 room of Dr. Joule, absent through illness) de- 
 livering the opening address as President. 
 
 18. — Commercial panic in America leading 
 to the suspension of Jay, Cooke, and Company, 
 of New York, and of the First National Bank 
 at Washington. The English Funds in conse- 
 quence opened at a decline of J, and United 
 States Government Bonds were generally de- 
 pressed to the extent of i per cent., the Funded 
 Loan falling to gof and gof, but subsequently 
 recovering to gof to gij, while Erie Shares 
 fell 2 per cent., to 44 to 44^ ex div., and Illi- 
 nois Railway Shares i dol. 
 
 — Died, aged 70, Sidi Muley Mohammed, 
 Emperor of Morocco. 
 
 19. — Died, at Florence, from an attack of 
 cholera. Professor Donati, astronomer. 
 
 — The Comte de Chambord writes from 
 Frohsdorf to a friend advising him to appeal 
 to all honest people on the footing of the social 
 reconstruction. " You know that I am not a 
 party, and that I will not come back to reign 
 by means of a party. I need the co-operation 
 of all, and all have need of me. As for the 
 reconciliation which has been so loyally accom- 
 
SEPTEMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 plislied in the House of France, tell those who 
 are trying to distort that great event that every- 
 thing done on the Sth of August was really 
 done for the sole purpose of giving France its 
 proper rank in the dearest interests alike of her 
 prosperity, her glory, and her greatness." 
 
 21. — Burning of the Black Lion Inn, Exeter, 
 leading to the death of three out of five people 
 sleeping in the premises at the time. 
 
 — Died, at Paris, aged 66, M. J. J. Coste, 
 French naturalist. 
 
 — Died, aged 66, Dr. Auguste Nelaton, 
 surgeon to the Emperor Napoleon III, 
 
 22. — The Spanish Government release the 
 Deerhound and her crew. 
 
 — The Shah of Persia arrives at his palace 
 at Teheran on his return from Europe. 
 
 — The steamer Murillo seized at Dover at 
 the Instance of the owner and shippers of the 
 Nonhfleet. 
 
 — Henry James Cochrane, proprietor of 
 the Cheltenham Chronicle, fined 150/. for con- 
 tempt of court in publishing an article designed 
 to influence the jury in favour of the Tichbome 
 claimant. 
 
 24. — Manchester Athenaeum Library de- 
 stroyed by fire. 
 
 25. — Banquet given at York by provincial 
 Mayors to the Lord Mayor of London. 
 
 — The Challenger exploring expedition ar- 
 rives at Bahia. Having thoroughly explored 
 the rocky desolate islands of St. Vincent and 
 San Jago, belonging to Portugal, a long stretch 
 across the Atlantic ensued, through depths 
 averaging 2,000 fathoms, to the vicinity of the 
 African shores. With a view to investigate 
 the currents the course was shaped for St. 
 Paul's Rocks, a lonely cluster in mid-ocean, 
 one square mile in area, and sixty feet above 
 
 , the sea level. Thence the vessel sailed (Aug. 30) 
 for another cluster, 300 miles distant, known 
 as Fernando de Noronha. On arrival, great 
 disappointment was experienced by refusal of 
 permission to land, the islands being used as a 
 penal settlement by Brazil. America was then 
 made for, and Pernambuco reached on Sep- 
 tember 14. 
 
 26. — Mr. Henry James announced as the 
 new Solicitor-General. 
 
 — Opening of Wandsworth Bridge, con- 
 necting Wandsworth with Chelsea. 
 
 — Died, aged 70, Salustiano de Olozaga, 
 Spanish statesman and diplomatist. 
 
 — Died, aged 59, Mrs. Clara Mundt (Louisa 
 Muhlbach), German authoress. 
 
 28. — Alicante bombarded for five hours by 
 the Carthagena insurgent frigates. 
 
 — Mr. Bright receives the seals as Chan, 
 cellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. 
 
 29. — M. Thiers writes to the Municipal 
 Council of Nancy: — "Very soon we shall be 
 called upon to defend, not alone the Republic 
 which, in my opinion, is the only Government 
 capable of rallying in the name of the common 
 interest parties now so profoundly divided, 
 which alone can speak to democracy with suffi- 
 cient authority, and which now, far from troub- 
 ling France, has appeared only to restore order, 
 the army, finance, credit ; to redeem the terri- 
 tory, and, in a word, to heal with one excep- 
 tion all the wounds of the war — we shall have, 
 I say, to defend not only the Republic, but all 
 the rights of France, her civil, poUtical, and 
 religious Uberties, her social state, and her 
 principles, which, after being proclaimed in 
 1789, have become those of the whole world; 
 and, lastly, her flag, under which she is Imown 
 to the whole universe, under which her soldiers, 
 conquerors or conquered, have covered them- 
 selves with glory, and which, however, dear as 
 it is to our hearts, will not suffice if all the 
 things of which it is the emblem are to be 
 taken away from us ; for of these sacred things 
 it is not the image alone, but the reality itself 
 that we must have ; and the tricolored flag, 
 if remaining only to mask the counter-revolu- 
 tion, would be the most odious and revolting 
 ofUes." 
 
 30. — Died at Fox How, near Ambleside, 
 aged 82, Mary Penrose, widow of Dr. Arnold. 
 
 — The Royal Commission appointed at the 
 instance of Mr. Plimsoll to inquire into the 
 alleged unseaworthiness of British registered 
 ships, issue a preliminary report, recapitulating 
 the schemes suggested for a compulsory survey 
 and classification of merchant shipping under 
 Lloyd's or Government, with counter evidence 
 throwing doubt upon all such proposals, 
 and tending to show that Government inter- 
 ference would only make matters worse, and 
 "Amid these conflicting opinions, it is impos- 
 sible, in the present state of our knowledge, to 
 offer with any confidence any recommendation 
 on this subject. We have referred to it here in 
 the hope of directing public attention to a ques- 
 tion which has often been treated as if it were 
 of easy solution ; it involves, however, a great 
 principle of public policy, which should not be 
 adopted or rejected without comprehensive and 
 searching examination." The commissioners 
 drew attention to the material change in the 
 law which had occurred since their appoint- 
 ment, giving the Board of Trade full power 
 to detain unseaworthy ships. Before recom- 
 mending further legislation, they thought it 
 would be well to observe the effect of the new 
 enactment. The commissioners stated that, 
 in their opinion, "there is no ground for the 
 imputation made by Mr. PhmsoU that the 
 Board of Trade desired to screen the ship- 
 owners." 
 
 October X. — The Social Science Congress 
 opens at Norwich with Lord Houghton as 
 President. 
 
 '33 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1873. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 1. — Died, aged 71, Sir Edwin Landseer, 
 painter. He was admitted as a student to the 
 Royal Academy in 1816, when fourteen years 
 of age, and in the following year exhibited 
 " Brutus — a Portrait of a Mastiff," at the Aca- 
 demy. He was elected .in A. R.A. in 1826, an 
 R.A. in 1 83 1, and received the honour of 
 knighthood in- 1850. When Sir Charles East- 
 lalie died in l866 Landseer was chosen to suc- 
 ceed him as President of the Royal Academy, 
 but he refused to accept the honour. Sir 
 Edwin was buried in St. Paul's cathedral on 
 the nth. 
 
 S. — Died, aged 92, Cornelius Varley, one 
 of' the original members of the Water Colour 
 Society. 
 
 3. — Mr. Disraeli writes to Lord Grey de 
 Wilton regarding the Bath election contested 
 by Mr. Forsyth, Q.C., in the Conservative in- 
 terest ; "My dear Grey, — I am much obliged 
 to you for your Bath news. It is most inte- 
 resting. It is rare a constituency has the 
 opportunity of not only leading, but sustaining, 
 public opinion at a critical period. That has 
 been the high fortune of the people of Bath, 
 and they have proved themselves worthy of it 
 by the spirit and constancy they have shown. 
 I cannot doubt they will continue their patriotic 
 course by supporting Mr. Forsyth, an able 
 and accomplished man, who will do honour to 
 those who send him to Parliament. For nearly 
 five years the present Ministers have harassed 
 every trade, worried every profession, and 
 assailed or menaced every class, institution, 
 and species of property in the country. Occa- 
 sionally they have varied this state of civil war- 
 fare by perpetrating some job which outraged, 
 public opinion, or by stumbling into mistakes 
 which ha,ve been always discreditable, and 
 sometimes ruinous. All this they call a policy, 
 and seem quite proud of it ; but the country 
 has, I think, made up its mind to close this 
 career of plundering and blundering." 
 
 — Execution of " Captain " Jack and three 
 other Modoc Indians at Fort Kalomath, Ore- 
 gon, for the murder of General Canby. 
 
 4. — Sir Garnet Wqlseley addresses the native 
 chiefs of the Gold Coast, stating that her. 
 Majesty having been informed of the injuries 
 inilicted on her allies in that part of the world 
 by the Ashantees, " who, without any just 
 cause, have invaded your country, and, having 
 learnt that you were unable to repulse your 
 enemies without assistance, has sent me to 
 unite in one person the chief military and civil 
 administrations, so that, as a general officer, I 
 may be able to help you. It was not an 
 English war, but a Fantee war. The English 
 forts were so strong that we ourselves had 
 nothing to fear from the Ashantees ; but, as it 
 had become evident that a merely defensive 
 policy would result in the destruction of the 
 Fantees, the Queen was willing to assist them. 
 The only interest she had in the Gold Coast 
 was the promotion of their welfare by spreading 
 134 
 
 among them the arts and blessings of civiliza- 
 tion." 
 
 4. — Died, aged 64, Mrs. Alfred Gatty, 
 authoress of various stories suited for young 
 people. 
 
 6. — Died, aged 77, the Count de Strzelecki, 
 an early Australian explorer. 
 
 — The Danish Rigsdag opened at Copen- 
 hagen, and the colossal statue of King Frede- 
 rick VII. unveiled in connection with the 
 ceremony. 
 
 — Commencement of the trial of Marshal 
 Bazaine at the Trianon Palace, Versailles, under 
 the Presidency of the Due d'Aumale. The 
 charges against the Marshal were, that after 
 urging Marshal MacMahon to march to his 
 relief, he did not create a serious diversion, and 
 was therefore answerable in a measure for the 
 disaster of Sedan ; that he did not do every- 
 thing prescribed by duty and honour to save 
 Metz and the army of 150,000 men he com- 
 manded ; that he accepted conditions without 
 any example in history ; that he did not destroy 
 his materiel ; that he accepted a clause per- 
 mitting officers to return home on giving their 
 parole not to serve against Germany during the 
 war ; that he did not obtain proper conditions 
 for the sick and wounded, and that he neglected 
 to destroy his flags. 
 
 — Mr. Bright issues an address to his con- 
 stituents, a re-election being necessary through 
 his acceptance of the Chancellorship of the 
 Duchy of Lancaster. " The office," he wrote, 
 "I have accepted is not one of heavy depart- 
 mental duty, or I could not have ventured 
 upon it, but it will enable me to take part in 
 the deliberations of the Cabinet and to render 
 services to principles which I have often ex- 
 pounded in your hearing, and which you have 
 generally approved, more important, I believe, 
 than any I could render in the House of Com- 
 mons unconnected writh the Government. I 
 do not write to you a long address, for I am 
 not a stranger to you. I hold the principles . 
 when in office that I have constantly professed 
 since you gave me your confidence sixteen years 
 ago. When I find myself unable to advance 
 those principles, and to serve you honestly as 
 
 a Minister, I shall abandon a position which 
 demands of me sacrifices which I cannot make." 
 Mr. Bright was re-elected without opposition. 
 
 7. — Bishop Reinkens, the Old Catholic 
 Bishop, of Germany, takes the oaths required 
 by the Constitution at Berlin. "I promise," 
 he said, "to observe all this all the more 
 inviolate as I am certain that my episcopal 
 office requires me to do nothing which cati be 
 in contradiction to the oath of fidelity and 
 allegiance to his Majesty the King, or to the 
 obedience due to the laws of the country. " 
 
 S. — Speaking at the Bath Congress on the 
 present position of the Church, Archdeacon 
 Denison said he had come to the conclusion 
 that it is almost hopeless to continue the struggle 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1873. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 against disestablishment. " I have no doubt as 
 to the duty of a nation to have a national church, 
 but looking at the peculiar circumstances of 
 these times, and the present constitution of the 
 House of Commons, I am convinced that miless 
 church-people make a different fight for their 
 church, I do not see how it is possible for any- 
 thing to happen but disestablishment." 
 
 8.— Bath election carried by Captain Hayter, 
 Liberal, the numbers being— Hayter, 2,210; 
 Forsyth, 2,071. 
 
 — Captain James Brown examined in the 
 Tichborne trial, this witness swearing to having 
 accompanied the Claimant on board the Bella, 
 at Rio. 
 
 9.— Sir Samuel and Lady Baker arrive in 
 London from Egypt. 
 
 — Discussion in the Edinburgh Presbytery 
 on the case of Dr. Wallace, charged with ex- 
 pressing opinions in his sermons and writings 
 calculated "to unsettle the minds of ordinary 
 hearers on the truth and importance of essen- 
 tial doctrines of Christianity, as the Trinity, 
 the union of the Divine and human natures 
 in the person of Jesus Christ — His incarnation, 
 miracles, and resurrection, the Ascension, and 
 the Second Advent." Dr. Wallace, in his 
 answers, gave such explanations that the Pres- 
 bytery agreed to a resolution in which they 
 stated that they considered it imnecessary to 
 take further steps in the matter. 
 
 — Died, aged 74, Lieutenant-General Lord 
 Howden, formerly Ambassador at Madrid. 
 
 — Died, aged 64, John Evan Thomas, 
 F. S.A., sculptor, Brecon. 
 
 10. — The Education Department issue new 
 regulations for the election of borough and 
 parish school-boards, providing that all board 
 elections, as well as the poll taken on the reso- 
 lution to apply for a board made by the rate- 
 payers of a parish, shall in future be by ballot. 
 
 11. — The Intransigente war-ships defeated 
 off Carthagena, in an action with Admiral 
 Lobo's fleet. Two days later the admiral 
 withdrew his force in the direction of Gib- 
 raltar. 
 
 — . First stage of the Bazaine trial concluded 
 by the reading of General de Riviere's report, 
 closing with a brief account of the chief accu- 
 sations against the incriminated officer. 
 
 13. — Died, aged 87, George Ormerod, 
 author of the " History of Cheshire." 
 
 13. — The Solicitor-General, Mr. James, 
 elected for Taunton by 899 votes against 812 
 tendered for Sir Alfred Slade. 
 
 14.— This, the 115th day of the Tichborne 
 trial, is signalized by the production of what 
 was looked upon as the missing link in the 
 case, Jean Luie, a Dane, one of the crew of 
 the Osprey, said to have picked up the de- 
 fendant at sea. He was examined by Dr. 
 Kenealy, and gave his evidence in good P^ng- 
 
 lish, but with a foreign accent. " We crossed 
 the line," he said, "some part of April, and 
 got into the trade winds. When we were off 
 the coast of the Brazils something attracted my 
 attention. Early in the morning our attention 
 was directed to a boat. We had had a very 
 rough night, with squalls and rain. We noticed 
 a boat on our port bow, and hauled to the 
 wind as near as we could ; but we could not 
 get to her on that tack. We were too much 
 to the wind. We made another tack, and then 
 had the boat on our quarter. At that time the 
 boat put up a spar with a red signal. A red 
 shirt it turned out to be. The boat, when we 
 first saw her, was about two miles to windward. 
 We had left her astern about the same distance 
 when we saw the signal. Our ship must have- 
 been about 400 or 500 miles from the Brazilian 
 coast, and eighteen or twenty south latitude. 
 We went about again and got up to the boat, 
 and found six men in her. They were all in a 
 delirious condition except two, who were pad- 
 dling towards us. . . . My attention was at- 
 tracted to one of the men in particular. He 
 was not a sailor. He was one of the four. 
 When we got the men on board, we washed 
 them all and supplied them with food. Captain 
 Bennett — that was the name of our captain — 
 directed me to take the young man w^o was 
 not a sailor into the cabin and place him on a 
 sofa, but instead of doing that I put him in my 
 own berth, and there I kept him all the time 
 until our arrival in Melbourne. It took us 
 three months to get to Melbourne, where we 
 arrived in the early part of July. I noticed a 
 good deal about him. I had to wash him 
 nearly every day during the whole voyage. 
 He was a small-made man, and not very bony. 
 He had small hands, and dark-brown hair and 
 big eyebrows. He had a habit of raising his 
 forehead and eyes. His conversation with me 
 was generally in Spanish. I speak that lan- 
 guage. Sometimes he talked with me in broken 
 French. . . . We picked them up in April. 
 I asked the young man several times for his 
 name, and he gave me the same answer. Once 
 he told me that his name was Roger. He told 
 me he had been in the Brazils, and went on 
 board a vessel of the name of Bella, in Rio, 
 and that they were bound for some part of 
 America with a cargo of coffee. I asked him 
 if he had been staying in the Brazils for any 
 length of time, and he said only a short time. 
 ... In London, in consequence of what I 
 heard on the 5th of July, I put myself in com- 
 munication with the man whom it was said had 
 been saved from the Bella. On the 7th I went 
 to a house and asked if a gentleman was living 
 there who went by the name of the Claimant. 
 The servant, after going inside, said I could 
 not see him, and I was told to go to Poet's 
 Comer. I met Mr. Hendriks and Mr. O'Brien, 
 and they took down my statement about the 
 Osprey. Mr. Whalley came in, and he took 
 me and O'Brien in a cab to No. 34 in a street 
 We were shown into a room, and I saw the 
 defendant sitting at the window. He said, 
 135 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1^73- 
 
 OCTOI^F.R 
 
 ' How do you do, Luie?' in Spanish. I had 
 not given my name except to Hendriks; but 
 he knew me at once. I recognized his voice 
 immediately. " 
 
 14. — Father Hyacinthe and M. Chavard, the 
 newly-elected Old Catholic cures at Geneva, 
 t^ke the oaths before the Council of State. 
 The ceremony was performed at the St. Ger- 
 main Church, which had been placed at their 
 disposal. There was some excitement in the 
 neighbourhood, but no disturbance. 
 
 — Publication at Berlin of the correspond- 
 ence between the Pope and the Emperor of 
 Germany. 
 
 15. — The Congregational Union at Ipsvrich 
 discuss a letter from Lord Shaftesbury's Vigi- 
 lance Committee, in which the aid of Congre- 
 gationalists was requested in an endeavour to 
 rouse the country to some common action in 
 regard to the advance of Ritualism and the 
 practice of the Confessional in the Church of 
 England. A series of resolutions was proposed, 
 expressing the grave concern with which the 
 Union regarded the Rojnanizing efforts of some 
 of the clergy and other members of the Church 
 of England, but stating that it could not, con- 
 sistently with its views of the rightful relation 
 of the Legislature to the Church of Christ, 
 unite with the Vigilance Committee in any poli- 
 tical action which contemplated the strength- 
 ening of the discipline of the Church of England 
 by means of new laws, or which assumed that 
 the Church should continue as a national esta- 
 blishment ; further, that the Union regarded 
 the defection of so large a portion of the clergy 
 as a natural result of the retention in the formu- 
 laries of the Church of some of the cardinal 
 errors of the Church of Rome. 
 
 — ^ The fijTSt Budget ever published in Egypt 
 issued by authority of the Khedive. It gave 
 details of the estimated revenue and expendi- 
 ture forithe^twelve months from the loth of Sep- 
 tember, 1873, to (the loth of September, 1874, 
 and showed revenue equal to 10, 166,000/., 
 and expenditure equal to 9,046,000/., leaving a 
 surplus of 1, 120,000/. 
 
 — The Cfistle of Ardverikie, formerly the 
 residence ^pf the Duke of Abercorn, and in 
 which Jier Majesty and the Prince Consort 
 passed the autumn of 1847, almost totally de- 
 stroyed by fire. Sir 'Edwin Landseer, when a 
 gui^t qt the castle, decqratsd three sides of the 
 walls of the drawinig-room with sketches, all 
 the subjects being connected with the chase. 
 
 —r- The right bank of the Amou-Daria, in 
 Khiva, with the delta from the S,ea of Aral to 
 the iejctreme western arm of the river, incor- 
 porated vpith Russia by order of the Czar. 
 
 -»- Inundation at St. Petersburg, the waters 
 of the Neva rising ten feet above .their usual 
 level. 
 
 -^ Dismissal of Admiral Lobo by the Madrid 
 Government. 
 
 J6. — Speaking at a banquet in Liverpool, 
 ^?6 
 
 Earl Derby described the Ashantee war as a 
 doctor's war and an engineer's war quite as 
 much as a soldier's war. He doubted whether 
 it was wise to take over the Dutch forts, "and 
 I greatly doubt whether any man in or out of 
 the Colonial Office exactly knows, or could 
 define, the limits of our authority and of our 
 responsibility in regard to tribes included within 
 the protected territory. No doubt pledges 
 must be kept, but the narrower the limits within 
 which we contract our relations with those 
 tribes the better, I believe, it will be. I have 
 no great faith in that kind of moral influence 
 which you acquire by burning a man's house 
 over his head, and telling him he is to be your 
 subject, whether he likes it or not. I believe, 
 as a matter of fact, that trade is found to grow 
 quite as fast, if not rather faster, in places 
 where we do not exercise political power as in 
 those where we do ; and while I firmly believe 
 in the value to the empire of colonies to which 
 our own people can go out, and where they 
 can work, I think, to put the thing plainly, 
 that we have got quite black men enough, and 
 that we had better not go in for more. " 
 
 17. — Celebration of the 1200th anniversary 
 of the foundation of Ely Cathedral, the city of 
 Queen Etheldreda. 
 
 — Commission gazetted for inquiring into 
 grievances alleged to be suffered by officers in 
 the army, 
 
 — The Emperor of Germany again visits the 
 Emperor of Austria at Vienna. 
 
 — Speaking at a Conservative banquet at 
 Hertford, the Marquis of Salisbury criticized 
 at some length the action of Mr. Gladstone's 
 Ministry, which he said, had this peculiarity, 
 that it had been, in contrast to all English Minis- 
 tries of many generations past — a Ministry of 
 heroic measures. "Far be it from me" (the noble 
 lord said) ' ' to accuse them of heroism. They 
 keep their heroism to the Home Office. They 
 don't let it transgress the threshold of the 
 Foreign Office. They offer to us a remark- 
 able mstance of Christian meekness and humi- 
 lity ; but I am afraid it is that kind of Christian 
 meekness which turns the left cheek to Russia 
 and America, and demands the uttermost far- 
 thing of Ashantee. This, however, is to be 
 said for their heroism, that outside these islands 
 there is no doubt it has been heroism approach- 
 ing to sternness towards every interest that 
 happened to belong to the minority defeated at 
 the poll. . . . There may be some doubt as to 
 what the result of the next election upon the 
 composition of Ministries may be. I confess I 
 do not regard that question as one of the first 
 importance. If it may be that we are to have 
 a strong Government, I vrish that it may be a 
 Conservative Government ; but if we are to 
 have ;a weak Government, I wish that it may 
 be a Liberal one. It may not be in your 
 power to drive this Ministry from place — you 
 may not be able to teiminate its official life ; 
 but you will be able to draw its teeth and clip 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 its claws ; and after all, though there are better 
 things that we can imagine — after all, govern- 
 ment by a toothless Liberal Ministry is not so 
 bad a thing as many others, because it does this ; 
 it ensures that Parliament shall be too divided 
 to give its attention to projects of revolutionary 
 innovation, and it binds over the Liberal leaders 
 in heavy security not to agitate." 
 
 17. — Died, aged 66, Vice- Admiral Sir Robert 
 J. Le M'Clure, the dauntless explorer of the 
 North-West passage. 
 
 18. — The insurgent ship Fernando el Cato- 
 lica accidentally run into and sunk by the 
 Numancia, oif Alicante, and the greater part 
 of the crew drowned. 
 
 — The Comte de Chambord reported to have 
 made concessions of a nature to give satisfac- 
 tion to all the exigencies of the Liberal party. 
 
 — Died, Dr. Thomas Smethurst, tried in 
 1859 for the murder of Isabella Banks, and 
 sentenced to death but afterwards reprieved 
 (see p. 555.) 
 
 19.— Died, aged 68, the Rev. R. S. Cand- 
 lish, D. D. , a Free Church theologian of great 
 prominence in the Disruption controversy, and 
 since that time the trusted guide of its general 
 policy. His mother was the Miss Smith im- 
 mortalized by Bums as one of the " six proper 
 young belles " of Mauchline. 
 
 30. — The first Scientific Congress held in 
 modern Rome assembles in the Great Hall of 
 the Horatii and the Curatii on the Capitol. 
 Count Mamiani presided on the occasion, and 
 delivered the opening address. 
 
 — At Warrington, Mr. Butt declares that 
 what the Home Rulers wanted was an Irish 
 Parliament, which should have the right of 
 legislating and regulating all matters relating 
 to the internal affairs of Ireland, and have con- 
 trol over Irish resources and revenues, subject 
 to the obligation of contributing their just pro- 
 portion of Imperial taxes. By internal affairs 
 they did not mean the management of railways 
 or gasworks, but the higher hfe of the nation 
 — their own system of education, passing their 
 own university laws and grand jury laws. 
 
 — The Italian Government takes possession 
 of six convents at Rome. 
 
 31. — Marshal MacMahon declares that he 
 will not separate himself from the Conser- 
 vative party which placed him In power in 
 France. 
 
 S3. — News from Calcutta indicates a famine 
 as threatening Bengal. 
 
 — The Conservatives carry Hull, 6,873 
 votes being given to Colonel Pease, against 
 6,594 to E. J. Reed. 
 
 — • Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the 
 Oxford University Union. 
 
 — Mr. Bright addresses his constituents on 
 re-election, reviewing the chief measures passed 
 by the present Government, and condemning 
 
 the Education Act on the ground that it ex- 
 tended and confirmed the system which it ought 
 to have superseded. It really encouraged de- 
 nominational education, and it established 
 Boards only where that system did not exist, 
 whereas it should have attempted to establish 
 Boards everywhere, and to bring the denomi- 
 national schools under their control. The 
 denominational system, Mr. Bright said, in 
 consequence of the parochial organization of 
 the Church, must be said to be a Church 
 system ; hence the Nonconformists were ag- 
 grieved, and justly aggrieved. Speaking of 
 policy, "What, asked Mr. Bright, is the policy 
 of the Opposition? Why, we were told the 
 other day that the leader of the Opposition was 
 'in a state of strict seclusion.' And but for 
 that strange and unfortunate epistolary outburst 
 we should have had no idea of the desperate 
 state of mind in which he has been. But still, 
 if we ask for the policy of the Opposition, all 
 is dark, dark, impenetrably dark, and all that 
 we know is, that nothing can be known. I 
 beg pardon, though ; I am wrong in that. We 
 know that, according to the Opposition, all the 
 work of the past five years, and if you like, of 
 the past forty years, is evil ; but as to the futme, 
 you will see it when it comes. Now, let me 
 tell you this, that that great statesmanship 
 which consists in silence and secrecy is not 
 original, it is a mere copy of thirty or forty 
 years ago." The history, Mr. Bright con- 
 cluded, "of the last forty years of this country 
 — jndge it fairly — speaks of its legislation, 
 which is mainly a history of the conquests 
 of freedom. It will be a grand volume that 
 tells the story, and your name and mine, if I 
 mistake not, will be found on some of its pages. 
 For me the final chapter is now writing. It 
 may be already written. But for you, this 
 great constituency, there is a perpetual youth 
 and a perpetual future. I pray Heaven that 
 in the years to come, and when my voice is 
 hushed, you may be granted strength and 
 moderation and wisdom to influence the coun- 
 cils of your country by righteous means to none 
 other than to noble and to righteous ends." 
 Mr. Bright was said to have spoken with much 
 of his old animation for one hour and ten 
 minutes to an audience thought to have num- 
 bered over 15,000. 
 
 33.— Died, aged 58, Vice- Chancellor Wick- 
 ens, who had taken his Bachelor's degree at 
 Oxford in 1836 as a Double First Class. 
 
 — The Carthagena Intransigentes bring four 
 steamers as prizes into harbour, and leave two 
 sailing vessels outside after ransacking them. 
 
 — At the opening of the Canadian Par- 
 liament the Governor-General announces that 
 the Pacific Railway Company had surrendered 
 their charter. 
 
 — Attempted murder and suicide by a 
 man named Peacock, a cooper, in Walworth, 
 thought to be amongst the oldest of those con- 
 tinuing to believe in the pretensions of Joanna 
 Southcote. 
 
 137 
 
OCTOBER 
 
 1873.. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 25.— ^Seven men drowned in the Thames, 
 by the upsetting of a boat in a fog while 
 crossing from Woolwich. 
 
 26. — Died, on the Pacific Railway, J. C. 
 Heenan, the antagonist of Sayers in the memo- 
 rable international fight at Farnborough, in 
 April, i860. 
 
 — -"Five hundred British troops sent from 
 Aden to Lahadj, in consequence of a threatened 
 occupation by the Turks. 
 
 27. — The evidence for the defence in the 
 Tichborne case closes on this the 124th day of 
 trial. 
 
 — A force of Ashantees defeated by Sir 
 Garnet Wolseley, and several villages de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 — The monarchial scheming in France 
 suddenly checked by a letter from the Comte 
 de Chambord to M. Chesnelong, declining to 
 make any concession on the subject of the flag. 
 "For forty-three years," he wrote, "I have 
 preserved intact the sacred deposit of our 
 traditions and our liberties. I have, therefore, 
 a right to reckon upon equal confidence, and I 
 ought to inspire the same sense of security. 
 My personality is nothing ; my principle is 
 everything. France will see the end of her 
 trials when she is willing to understand this. 
 I am a necessary pilot, the only one capable of 
 guiding the ship to port, because I have for 
 that a mission of authority. You, sir, are able 
 to do much to remove misunderstandings and 
 prevent weaknesses in the hour of struggle. 
 Your consoling words on leaving Salzburg are 
 ever present to my mind. France cannot 
 perish, for Christ still loves His Franks ; and 
 when God has resolved to save a people. He 
 takes care that the sceptre of justice is only put 
 into hands strong enough to hold it." 
 
 28. — Died, through the effects of a cold 
 caught in returning from Paris, in the 85th 
 year of his age. Sir Henry Holland, appointed 
 Physician in Ordinary to the Queen in 1852, a 
 traveller of wide reputation and unwearied 
 activity. 
 
 — ■ Tlie old Opera House in the Rue Lepel- 
 letier, Paris, destroyed by fire. 
 
 29. — Died, aged 72, John, King of Saxony . 
 He was succeeded by King Albert. 
 
 30. — Stokes, who shot Colonel Fisk of the 
 Erie Railway, found guilty of manslaughter in 
 the third degree, and sentenced to four years' 
 imprisonment. 
 
 — The French Minister of War issues an 
 order announcing that General Bellemare has 
 been placed on the retired list for having 
 written a letter the spirit of which was op- 
 posed to national sovereignty. An order of the 
 day to the army was also issued by Marshal 
 MacMahon, in which he stated: — "A single 
 act of insubordination has been committed in 
 the army, but the President of the Republic is 
 firmly convinced it will not be repeated. He 
 
 138 
 
 is aware of the spirit of devotion which ani- 
 mates you : you know how to maintain in the 
 army that union and discipline of which you 
 have always set an example, and which, while 
 constituting its strength, alone can assure the 
 tranquillity and independence of the country. 
 As soldiers, our duty is clearly laid down for 
 us, and is indisputable. Under all circum- 
 stances we are to maintain order and cause 
 legal decisions to be respected. " 
 
 30. — Choral festival in St. Paul's Cathedral, 
 
 — Died, aged 52, M. Ernest Aime Feydeau, 
 French novelist. 
 
 31. — The filibustering steamer Virginiusi 
 with a crew of 135 men, captured near Jamaica 
 by the Spanish gunboat Tornado, and taken to 
 St. Jago de Cuba. 
 
 Noveiaber 1. — Died, aged 60, the Right 
 Hon. Sir William Bovill, Lord Chief-Justice 
 of the Court of Common IPleas. 
 
 2. — The Vienna Exhibition closes, having 
 been visited since its opening in May by 
 7,254,687 people. 
 
 — Died, at Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, aged 78, 
 Mrs. Janet Hamilton, the daughter of a shoe- 
 maker, without education, mother of a large 
 family, and for many years totally blind, yet 
 who, by patient effort in the way of self-culture, 
 produced poems and stories of high merit. 
 
 — Completion of the International Bridge 
 of the Grand Trunk Railway between Canada 
 and the United States. 
 
 — Replying to a correspondent as to the 
 use of the term " free land," Mr. Bright writes 
 that it means "the abolition of the law of 
 primogeniture and the limitation of the . system 
 of entails and settlements, so that ' life interests ' 
 may be for the most part got rid of, and a real 
 owmership substituted for them. It means also 
 that it shall be as easy to buy or sell land as to 
 buy or sell a ship, or, at least, as easy as it is 
 in Australia and in many or in all the states of 
 the American Union. It means that no legal 
 encouragement shall be given to great estates 
 and great farms, and that the natural forces of 
 accumulation and dispersion shall have free 
 play, as they have with regard to ships and 
 shares, and machinery, and stock-in-trade, and 
 money. It means, too, that while the lawyer 
 shall be well paid for his work, unnecessary 
 work shall not be made for him, involving an 
 enormous tax on all transactions in connection 
 with the purchase and sale of lands and houses. 
 A thorough reform in this matter would com- 
 plete, with regard to land, the great work 
 accomplished by the Anti-Corn Law League 
 in 1846. It would give an endless renown to 
 the Minister who made it, and would bless to 
 an incalculable extent all classes connected 
 with and dependent on honest industry. " 
 
 3 — The Pope writes to Ledochowski that 
 he sees with sorrow the professors of the Church 
 
NO V EMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 designated as rebels ; " its bisliops are con- 
 demned by lay courts as agitators, persecuted 
 with fines, deprived of their offices and expelled 
 the country, the spiritual orders are prohibited, 
 the clergy is gagged, and, by arbitrary measures, 
 prevented from exercising its office ; education 
 of the youth in the spirit of the Church is for- 
 bidden, in order that, on the one hand, the 
 population may not be confirmed in the prin- 
 ciples of religion, and that, on the other, the 
 hope may vanish of able and faithful servants 
 of the altar being trained up. In order to 
 undermine the glory of God, the property dedi- 
 cated to God is robbed ; even the chief helms- 
 man of the Church is kept in bondage in order 
 that, though utterly despoiled, he may not 
 govern the Church with freedom, according to 
 his powers." 
 
 3. — Died, Rios Rosas, ex-Minister and Pre- 
 sident of the Spanish Cortes. 
 
 — Died, at Mecca, Abd-el-Kader, formerly 
 Chief of Oran, Northern Africa, and a for- 
 midable foe lo French rule in that country. 
 
 — Seven British seamen drovraed at San- 
 tander by the upsetting of a life-boat which 
 they had manned to save the shipwrecked crew 
 of the Spanish schooner Union. 
 
 4. — Came on for hearing in the Court of 
 Admiralty the case of the Murillo, two actions 
 for 24,000/. by the owners of the Northfleet and 
 the owners of the cargo, for the loss of both by 
 the collision in January last. No one repre- 
 sented the owners of the Murillo. In giving 
 judgment. Sir R. Phillimore said: — "I grant 
 the prayer of the motion, but I don't think I 
 ought to content myself with that single part of 
 my judicial duty. I find it difficult to express 
 in adequate terms the indignation which the 
 brutality and meanness of conduct of those who 
 had the charge of the Murillo must excite in 
 the bosom of every man not void of the ordi- 
 nary feelings of humanity. This case, indeed, 
 represents all the cruelty without any of the 
 courage of the pirate." 
 
 — Explosion in the premises of a firework 
 maker, Broad Street, Lambeth, causing the 
 death of eight people, being the whole of the 
 occupants at the time the calamity occurred. 
 
 5. — The Democrats carry the New York 
 and Virginia State elections with heavy gams 
 over previous majorities, while in Massachusetts 
 the Republicans were successful, but with a 
 reduced majority. Tbe Republican candidates 
 were successful in New Jersey, Arkansas, and 
 Minnesota. Democratic candidates carried 
 Maryland. In Wisconsin the Fusionist party 
 were successful. Generally the returns up to 
 this date shovred heavy losses to the Republican 
 party. 
 
 — At the opening of the French Assembly, 
 a message is read from Marshal MacMahon, 
 stating for a sure guarantee of peace " the pre- 
 sent Government lacks two essential conditions 
 which could not be longer overlooked without 
 
 danger. It has neither sufficient vitality nor 
 authority. Whoever the holder of power may 
 be, that power can do nothing durable if its 
 right to govern is daily called into question, if 
 it has not before it the guaranteeof a sufficiently 
 long existence to spare the country the per- 
 spective of incessantly recurring agitation. 
 With a power that might be changed at any 
 moment, it is possible to secure peace to-day, 
 but not safety for the morrow. Every great 
 undertaking is thus rendered impossible, and 
 industry languishes." A proposal for pro- 
 longing the President's power for ten years 
 was thereupon carried By 360 to 348 votes. 
 
 — Opening of the Austrian Reichsrath, the 
 Emperor speaking of the Exhibition as having 
 drawn together sovereigns of distant states, 
 and so increased the pledges of peace and 
 strengthened the influence of Austria. His 
 Majesty further exhorted the Reichsrath to 
 work with united energy at the solution of the 
 great task of uniting the people of Austria, so 
 that she might become a powerful state, strong 
 in ideas of justice and liberty. 
 
 — The Ashantees attack the British position 
 at Abrakrampa, but are repulsed and finally 
 retreated. 
 
 . — The strong feeling in the Dominion re- 
 garding the Pacific Railway contract, and the 
 expenditure of the funds obtained under the 
 Allan concession, leads to the resignation of the 
 Prime Minister, Sir John Macdonald. Mr. 
 Mackenzie undertook the task of forming a new 
 Ministry. 
 
 6. — The Irish National Board of Education, 
 by 9 votes to 7, finally refuse to recognize Mr. 
 O'Keeffe as manager of the Callan schools. 
 
 7. — The Bank rate of discount raised from 8 
 to 9 per cent. 
 
 ■ — • Fifty-three of the crew of the Virgiiiius, 
 including sixteen British subjects, shot at San- 
 tiago. 
 
 — The Diet at Munich resolves to extend 
 the jurisdiction of the German Empire over the 
 whole civil legislation of Bavaria. 
 
 — Earl Grey details in the Times a policy 
 which he thinks ought to have been pursued 
 by the British Government in Western Africa, 
 and might, in his opinion, have avoided the 
 Ashantee war. 
 
 8. — Monument to Count Cavour unveiled at 
 Turin, in presence of King Victor Emmanuel, 
 the Princes of the Royal Family, members 
 of the Cabinet, deputations from the Senate 
 and the Chamber of Deputies, the members of 
 the Diplomatic Body, the civil and military 
 authorities at Turin, and deputations from the 
 Municipal Councils. The weather was ex- 
 tremely unfavourable, and the illuminations had 
 to be postponed. At the banquet given in the 
 evening by the municipality to 500 guests, the 
 British Minister, Sir Augustus Paget, assured 
 the Italians of the sympathy of England with 
 139 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1873. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 tile Italian cause, and its high admiration of 
 the great statesman who insured its success. 
 
 8. — Died, at Paris, aged 77, Auguste de 
 Metz, founder of the Reformatory at Mettray. 
 
 9. — Burning of the ship Nagpore in Kings- 
 town harbour, attended with serious damage to 
 other vessels in port, 
 
 — Royal order issued, relieving Count von 
 Roon from the presidency of the Prussian 
 Ministry, and appointing Prince Bismarck his 
 successor. 
 
 10. — -At the Lord Mayor's banquet this 
 evening, Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Lowe de- 
 fended the policy of Ministers, the latter, in 
 addition, expressing himself as confident that 
 the dissolution of Parliament would not neces- 
 sarily be the dissolution of Government. 
 
 — Died, aged 73, Robert Vernon Smith, 
 Lord Lyveden, M. P. for Northampton from 
 1831 till his elevation to the peerage in 1859. 
 
 12.- — Mr. Knight, of Dundee, having with- 
 drawn with his congregation from all connec- 
 tion with the Free Church, the Presbytery now 
 formally declare that he has ceased to belong 
 to their body. 
 
 — Prussian Diet opened. 
 
 13. — Mr. Charles Hall takes his seat in 
 court as successor to Vice-Chancellor Wickens. 
 
 — Died, aged 76, John Gough Nichols, 
 F. S.A. , one of the founders of the Camden 
 Society, the editor of many of its volumes, and 
 a prolific contributor to genealogical and topo- 
 graphical literature. 
 
 14. — In consequence of the excitement mani- 
 fested throughout the States at the Virginius 
 executions, Mr. Fish urges the American Min- 
 ister at Madrid to protest against them as an 
 outrage to humanity, and an insult to the 
 American Government. The Spanish Govern- 
 ment in reply admitted its responsibility, and 
 reiterated assurances of its friendly feeling to- 
 wards the United States. It disapproved the 
 executions, and promised to shape its course 
 accordingly. Sections of the New York press 
 urged that a declaration of war should be issued 
 at once, and possession taken of Cuba. 
 
 15. — More changes announced in the Min- 
 istry, Sir John Coleridge accepting the Court 
 of Common Pleas, Mr. James the post of 
 Attorney-General, and Mr. Vernon Harcourt 
 that of Solicitor-General. Dr. Lyon Playfair 
 became Postmaster-General. 
 
 — M. Laboulaye presents to the Assembly 
 the report of the Committee of Fifteen pro- 
 posing to prolong Marshal MacMahon's power 
 for five years. The President rejected this 
 proposal, and on the 19th the Assembly by 
 383 to 317 votes confirmed his power for seven 
 years. 
 
 — Opening of the Itahan Parliament, the 
 King declaring in his Speech from tlie Throne 
 that Italy and Germany have both constituted I 
 
 140 
 
 themselves in the name of the principle of 
 nationality ; "they have both been able to 
 establish Liberal Constitutions based upon a 
 monarchy associated for centuries with the 
 national sorrows as well as the national glories. 
 The relations between the two Governments 
 are in conformity with the sympathies existing 
 between the two peoples, and are a guarantee 
 for the maintenance of peace. It is our desire 
 to live in harmony with all nations. Never- 
 theless, I shall firmly guard the rights and 
 dignity of the nation." 
 
 18. — Home-Rule Conference in London, 
 called to discuss and adopt a series of resolu ■ 
 tions. The first declared the prosperity of 
 Ireland to be only possible under self-govern- 
 ment ; the second asserted a right to self- 
 government; the third claimed a Parliament 
 in Ireland composed of the Sovereign, Lords, 
 and Commons of Ireland ; the fourth affirmed 
 the principle of a federal arrangement for in- 
 ternal affairs, leaving to the Imperial Crown 
 and Parliament legislation respecting the colo- 
 nies and other dependencies of the Crown, the 
 relations of the Empire with foreign Powers, 
 and all matters appertaining to the defence and 
 stability of the Empire at large, as well as the 
 power of granting and providing the supplies 
 necessary for Imperial purposes ; the fifth de- 
 clared that such a change effects no change in 
 the Constitution or disturbance of the prero- 
 gatives of the Crown ; the sixth stated that it 
 would be necessary to have in Ireland an 
 administration for Irish purposes, conducted 
 by Ministers constitutionally responsible to the 
 Irish Parliament. 
 
 — The President of the Board of Trade 
 addresses a circular to railway companies, 
 calling attention to the opinion expressed in 
 Colonel Tyler's report that the great propor- 
 tion of accidents during the past year arose 
 from causes entirely within their own control. 
 
 19. — Sir John Coleridge sworn in as Lord 
 Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas. To his 
 constituents he wrote : — " I will not affect to 
 deny that I quit political life reluctantly, and 
 resign the seat for Exeter with great regret. 
 It has been the pride and honour of my life 
 to represent the capital of my county, and my 
 political principles are as strong and my poli- 
 tical sympathies as keen as ever, though hence- 
 forward I can allow them, as a judge, neither 
 influence nor expression." 
 
 — Mr. Disraeli installed as Lord Rector of 
 Glasgow University, delivering thereafter to an 
 immense audience assembled in the conserva- 
 tory of the Botanic Gardens an address ex- 
 planatory chiefly of principles to be observed 
 by the students for attaining success in life. 
 Self-knowledge, he said, was the first con- 
 dition. Bitter disappointment and perhaps 
 failure followed the revelation of the harsh 
 reality which belied the golden promise of 
 youth as to our own powers. Acquaintance 
 with the spirit of the age was the second con- 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 dition of success — not obedience to it, for it 
 might be an evil spirit, but acquaintance with 
 it— an acquaintance necessary to all. What 
 was the spirit of the age ? The spirit of equality. 
 He believed in political equality. He held that 
 equality before the law was the only true foun- 
 dation of a commonwealth. It had long pre- 
 vailed in Britain, and to it more than to geo- 
 graphical distinctions, of which we have heard 
 so much lately, the patriotism of the people 
 was due. He did not believe in social equality. 
 France had tried social equality for eighty 
 years, with what result they knew. The ex- 
 periment made there showed that social eqviality 
 was not a safe principle upon which to rely 
 in the hour of trial or of danger. But social 
 equality did not satisfy the latest philosophers. 
 They wanted material equality. They believed 
 only in material happiness ; they would destroy 
 private property, and acknowledge only the 
 rights of labour. "The insurmountable ob- 
 stacle," he concluded, "to the establishment 
 of the new opinions will be furnished by the 
 essential elements of the human mind. Our 
 idiosyncrasy is not bounded by the planet 
 which we inhabit. We can investigate space, 
 and we can comprehend eternity. No con- 
 siderations limited to this sphere have hitherto 
 furnished the excitement which man requires, 
 or the sanction for his conduct which his nature 
 imperatively demands. The spiritual nature of 
 man is stronger than codes or constitutions. 
 No government can endure which does not 
 recognize that for its foundation, and no legis- 
 lation last which does not flow from that foun- 
 tain. The principle may develop Itself in 
 manifest forms, shape of many creeds and 
 many churches, but the principle is Divine- 
 As time is divided into day and night, so reli- 
 gion rests upon the providence of God and the 
 responsibility of man. (Loud cheers. ) One is 
 manifest, the others mysterious, but both are 
 facts. Nor is there, as some would teach you, 
 anything in these convictions that tends to con- 
 tract our intelligence or our sympathies. On 
 the contrary, religion invigorates the intellect 
 and expands the heart. He who has a due 
 sense of his relations to God is best qualified to 
 fulfil his duties to man." Speaking at a ban- 
 quet given in his honour by the city in the 
 svening, Mr. Disraeli said : " It has been my 
 fertune to be the leader in the House of Com- 
 mons of one of the great political parties in the 
 State for five-and-twenty years, and there is no 
 record, I believe, in the parliamentary history 
 of this country of a duration of a leadership 
 equal to it. There have been in my time two 
 illustrious instances of the great parties being 
 led by most eminent men. One was the in- 
 stance of Sir Robert Peel, who led the Tory 
 party for eighteen years, though unfortunately 
 it twice broke asunder. There was also the 
 i.istance of one who is stiU spared to us, and 
 who, I hope, may be long spared to us, for he 
 is the pride of this country, as he was the 
 honour of the House of Commons, — Lord John 
 Russell . He led one of the great parties of 
 
 the State in the House of Commons for seven- 
 teen years, though at last it slipped out of his 
 hands. Do not suppose for a moment that I 
 am making these observations as any boast. 
 The reason that I have been able to lead a 
 party for so long a period, and under circum- 
 stances of some difficulty and discouragement, 
 is, that the party I lead is really the mt)st 
 generous and most indulgent party that ever 
 existed. I cannot help smiling sometimes when 
 I hear the constant intimations that are given 
 by those who are in the secrets of tlie political 
 world of the extreme anxiety of the Conserva- 
 tive party to get rid of my services. The fact 
 is, the Conservative party can get rid of my 
 services whenever they give me the intimation 
 that they wish it. Whenever I have desired 
 to leave the leadership of the party they have 
 too kindly requested me to remain where I was, 
 and if I make a mistake, the only difference in 
 their conduct to me is that they are more in- 
 dulgent and more kind." Mr. Disraeli went 
 on to speak at length on the subject of the 
 present commercial perturbation and the high 
 value of money, which he attributed almost 
 wholly to the great changes which various 
 countries in Europe and various Governments 
 in Europe are making with reference to their 
 standard of value. Mr. Disraeli was presented 
 next day with the freedom of the city. 
 
 21. — The Washington Cabinet grant the 
 extension of time asked for by Spain to inquire 
 into the details of the Virginius executions, 
 and at the same time admit that consideration 
 should be shown for the impossibility in which 
 Spain has been placed of ascertaining the facts 
 of the outrage in time to make satisfactory 
 reparation. 
 
 22. — Addressing the Glasgow Conservative 
 Association, Mr. Disraeli defended the Bath 
 letter as a correct description of the conduct of 
 the Government, well weighed, and in support 
 of which ample testimony could be adduced. 
 " There was only one characteristic," he said 
 — "it was not original, for six months before 
 in the House of Commons I had used the same 
 expressions and made the same statement — not 
 in a hole or corner, but on the most memorable 
 night of the session, when there were 600 
 members of the House of Commons present, 
 when on the debate that took place avowedly 
 the fate of the Ministry depended. It was at 
 midnight that I rose to speak, and made the 
 statement almost similar in expression, though 
 perhaps stronger and more lengthened than the 
 one which has become the cause of recent con- 
 troversy. The Prime Minister followed me in 
 that debate. The House of Commons knew 
 what was depending upon the verdict about to 
 be taken, and with all that knowledge they 
 came to a division, and by a majority termi- 
 nated the existence of the Government 
 
 There was an illustrious writer, one of the 
 greatest masters of our language, who wrote 
 the history of the last four years of the reign 
 of Queen Anne, which was the duration of an 
 141 
 
NOVEMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 illustrious Ministry. I have written the history 
 of a Ministry that has lasted five years, and I 
 have immortalized the spirit of their policy in 
 five lines." Mr. Disraeli spoke of Mr. Lowe 
 as having attacked the Government of the day 
 for imprudence in interfering in the affairs of 
 Abyssinia. " He laughed at the honour of 
 the country ; he laughed at the interests of a 
 few enslaved subjects of the Queen of England, 
 compared, as he said, with the certain destruc^ 
 tion and disaster which must attend any inter- 
 ference on our part. He described the horrors 
 of the country and the terrors of the clime. 
 He said that there was no possibility, by any 
 means, by which success could be obtained, 
 and that the people of England must prepare 
 themselves for the most horrible catastrophe. 
 He described not merely the fatal influence of 
 the climate, but I remember that he described 
 one pink fly alone — (laughter) — which, he said, 
 would eat up the whole British Army. (Great 
 laughter.) He was as vituperative of the in- 
 sects of Abyssinia as if they had been British 
 workmen." In closing his address, Mr. Dis- 
 raeli drew attention to the contest commencing 
 in Europe between the spiritual and temporal 
 power. "And here," he said, "I must say 
 that if we have before us the prospect of strug- 
 gles — perhaps of wars and anarchy, ultimately 
 —caused by the great question that is now 
 rising in Europe, it will not easily be in the 
 power of England entirely to withhold itself 
 from such circumstances. Our connection with 
 Ireland will then be brought painfully to our 
 consciousness, and 1 should not be at all sur- 
 prised if the visor of Home- Rule should fall 08 
 some day, and you beheld a very diiferent 
 countenance. Now I think we ought to be 
 prepared for those circumstances. The posi- 
 tion of England is one which is indicated, it 
 dangers arise, of holding a middle course upon 
 those matters. It may be open to England 
 again to take a stand upon the Reformatioii 
 which 300 years ago was the source of her 
 greatness and her glory, and it may be her 
 proud destiny to guard civilization alike from 
 the withering blast of atheism and from the 
 . simoom of sacerdotal usurpation. These things 
 may be far off, but we live in a rapid age, and 
 my apprehension is that they are nearer than 
 some suppose. If that struggle comes, we must 
 look to Scotland to aid us. It was once, and I 
 hope is still, a land of liberty, of patriotism, 
 and of religion. I think the time has come 
 when it really should leave off mumbling the 
 dry bones of political economy and munching 
 the remainder biscuit of an effete. Liberalism. 
 . . . We all know that a general election is at 
 hand. I do not ask you to consider, on such 
 an occasion, the fate of parties or of Ministries ; 
 but I ask you to consider this — that it is very 
 probable the future of Europe depends greatly 
 on the character of the next Parliament of 
 England. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) And I 
 ask you, when the occasion comes, to act as 
 becomes an ancient and famous nation, and 
 give all your energies to the cause of faith and 
 freedom." 
 142 
 
 22. — Boiler explosion at Cameron's engi- 
 neering works, Glasgow, causing the death of 
 four men. 
 
 — W. M. Tweed sentenced to twelve months' 
 imprisonment and a fine of 127,500 dollars for 
 the New York municipal frauds. 
 
 — Disastrous collision between the Trans- 
 atlantic steamer VUle du Havre, from New 
 York for Brest, and the English ship Lochearn. 
 The steamer was struck amidships, and as she 
 showed signs of sinking almost immediately, 
 two of her boats were hurriedly let down, but, 
 even with the aid of the Lochearn' s crew, only 
 87 out of a total of 31-3 on board could be 
 saved. The Vitte du Havre sunk within twelve 
 minutes after being struck. Fifty-three of the 
 crew were rescued, including the captain. 
 Among the passengers saved were ten ladies. 
 All the survivors were on the same day tran- 
 shipped on board the American ship Tremoun- 
 tain, bound to Bristol, where they were landed 
 on the 1st December. 
 
 23. — Died, at sea, firom fever contracted in 
 his services against the Ashantees, Lieutenant 
 the Hon. A. W. Charteris, eldest surviving son 
 of Lord Elcho. 
 
 25. — Availing himself of the opportunity 
 afforded in laying the first stone of the first 
 school erected by the Liverpool School Board, 
 Mr. Forster defends the principles of the 
 Elementary Education Act, and the way in 
 which it was carried out. 
 
 — Mr. Justice Blackburn gives judgment in 
 the case of Bolton v. Maddox, involving the 
 question whether a promise to give votes for a 
 charitable institution was a good consideration, 
 so as to make a coiresponding promise enforce- 
 able at law. Two subscribers to a charitable 
 institution mutually agreed to support each 
 other's candidates for admission. At the first 
 ensuing election the plaintiff gave his votes to 
 the defendant's candidates ; but as at the next 
 election the defendant declined to support the 
 plaintiff's candidate, the latter subscribed seven 
 guineas to the institution, and was thus under 
 its rules entitled to the requisite number of 
 votes. For the seven guineas he brought an 
 action against the defendant. For the lattei it 
 was contended that such a promise could not 
 be enforced, as there was a duty on the sub- 
 scriber to give his votes to the best qualified 
 candidates for admission. If, then, the best 
 qualified were the ones for whom he was re- 
 quired to vote, there was no consideration; but 
 if they were not, the promise was against public 
 policy, and, therefore, not enforceable at law. 
 While some members of the Court desired to 
 express their disapprobation of this traffic in 
 votes, there was no principle of law which 
 made such a promise other than a good con- 
 sideration for a corresponding promise. Judg- 
 ment for the plaintiff. 
 
 — Archbishop Ledochowski again fined for 
 the unlawful institution of priests. 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 26. — Bombardment of Carfhagena com- 
 mences. 
 
 — The French Cabinet reconstituted. 
 
 27. — Came on in the Court of Common 
 Pleas, before Mr. Justice Brett and a special 
 jury, the case of Gilbert v. Enoch, an action 
 raised by Mr. Gilbert, dramatist, against the 
 publisher of the Pall Mall Gazette, in so far as 
 a correspondent had therein described " The 
 Wicked World " as a play too indecent to be 
 represented in any theatre. Verdict for the 
 defendant. 
 
 — The hearing of the Tichborne case re- 
 sumed. 
 
 — Died, aged 70, the Rev. John Dymoke, 
 hereditary "Queen's Champion." 
 
 — The second London School Board elected. 
 
 29. — Duel in the Grunewald, near Berlin, 
 between Generals Manteuffel and Von Groben, 
 arising out of misunderstandings between the 
 two officers during the late war. Count Groben 
 was seriously wounded by a shot in the 
 stomach. 
 
 — General Ducrot resigns his seat in the 
 French Assembly, with the view of devoting 
 himself entirely to the duties of his military 
 position. 
 
 December 1. — The Duke of Northumber- 
 land elected President of the Royal Institution 
 in succession to the late Sir Henry Holland. 
 
 — Witnesses examined in the Tichborne 
 case to prove the identity of Jean Luie with 
 a person convicted of fraud under the name 
 of Sorensen and Lundgi-en, and in prison 
 at the date of the alleged rescue from the 
 Bella. 
 
 — The Emperor of Austria celebrates the 
 twenty-fifth anniversary of his accession. An 
 amnesty was granted to all persons under sen- 
 tence for offences against his Majesty's person, 
 and a speedy report was at the same time 
 ordered to be made respecting other condemned 
 persons whose conduct warranted leniency 
 being shown them. 
 
 — The Gazette contains Sir Garnet Wolse- 
 ley's despatches from the Gold Coast. The prin- 
 cioal points dwelt upon were the gallantly of 
 the officers engaged, the miserable behaviour 
 of the native auxiliaries, and the urgent neces- 
 sity for reinforcements of English troops. 
 Both Sir Garnet Wolseley and Colonel Fes- 
 ting spoke in high terms of Lieutenant Eardley- 
 Wilmot. In his despatch to Mr. Cardwell, 
 Sir Garnet said : "I regret that one young 
 officer has lost his life. Lieutenant Eardley- 
 Wilmot, a fine promising soldier. He was 
 badly hit early in the skirmish, but, like an 
 English gentleman, continued in the field at 
 his post, until subsequently shot through, the 
 heart, when he died almost immediately." 
 
 2. — Dr. Kenealy commences his s; 
 defence of the Claimant. 
 
 — Fall of a clothing and outfitting establish- 
 ment in Fargate, Sheffield. 
 
 — Meeting in Willis's Rooms to take steps 
 for carrying out the proposal that Bishop Wil- 
 berforce's memory should be perpetuated by 
 the raising of a fund for the maintenance of a 
 body of missionary clergymen in South London. 
 The Bishop of Chichester was in the chair, and 
 Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Gathorne Hardy among 
 the speakers. 
 
 — In his Message to Congress, President 
 Grant said that the present involvement with 
 Spain through the capture of the Virginius was 
 now in the way of being adjusted on conditions 
 equally honourable to both nations. The 
 Spanish Government, it was said, had recog- 
 nized the justice of the demand made by the 
 United States, and arranged for the immediate 
 dehvery of the vessel and the surrender of the ■ 
 survivors. In addition to this, the American 
 flag was to be saluted, the guilty persons pun- 
 ished, and those entitled to be indemnified. 
 
 — Ancrum House, near Jedburgh, the seat 
 of Sir William Scott, Bart., destroyed by fire. 
 
 3. — Day of Intercession for foreign missions, 
 Professor Max Miiller delivering a lecture on 
 the subject in Westminster Abbey in the 
 evening. 
 
 — Died, at Brighton, aged 92, Sir George 
 Rose, among the last survivors of the " Old 
 Westminsters " of the last century. 
 
 4. — Earl Russell writes to Sir George 
 Bowyer ; — "I am very sorry to differ from you 
 in the step which I have taken of consenting 
 to preside at a meeting at which it will be 
 proposed to express our sympathy with the 
 Emperor of Germany in the declaration he has 
 made in his letter to the Pope. I conceive 
 that the time has come, foreseen by Sir Robert 
 Peel, when the Roman Catholic Church dis- 
 claims equality and will be satisfied with 
 nothing but ascendency. To this ascendency, 
 openly asserted to extend to all baptized per- 
 sons, and therefore including our Queen, the 
 Prince of Wales, our bishops and clergy, I 
 refuse to submit. The autonomy of Ireland is 
 asserted at Rome. I decline the Pope's tem- 
 poral rule over Ireland." 
 
 — The Yarkund Embassy reach Kashgar, 
 and are cordially received by the Atalikh 
 Ghazee. The Queen's letter with presents from 
 the Governor-General of India was presented 
 on the nth. 
 
 5. — The new Solicitor-General, Mr. Vernon 
 Harcourt, re-elected for Oxford without oppo- 
 sition. 
 
 6. — The Governor-General of India informs 
 the Secretary for India that supplies of rice 
 were now being pushed forward to the districts 
 affetted by the scarcity. 
 
 143 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1873- 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 8. — Sir Samuel Baker gives an account of 
 his expedition into Central Africa to the mem- 
 bers df the Royal Geographical Society. 
 
 — Fire at Yeddo, destroying buildings 
 extending over two miles and a half of the 
 city. 
 
 9.— Mr. Mills, Conservative, elected M.P. 
 for Exeter by 2,346 votes, against 2,055 given 
 to Sir Edward Watkin, Liberal. 
 
 — Dense fog in London, seriously inter- 
 fering with traffic, and affecting to an appre- 
 ciable extent the health of the prize cattle on 
 show at Islington. As many as fourteen people 
 were reported to have been drowned in the 
 docks during its continuance. The death-rate 
 for the week was sixty above the usual average. 
 
 — Mr. Bright denies that he had ever 
 applied the word "residuum" to the working 
 classes. "I do not," he writes to a corre- 
 spondent, "remember the time when, or the 
 speech in which, I used the word 'residuum,' 
 or I would refer you to the passage. You 
 would at once see how utterly unjust and false 
 is the construction which Mr. Read has put 
 upon it. I do not know what Mr. Read is in 
 his pulpit, but I would advise him to stay there, 
 where he cannot be contradicted. On the plat- 
 form, he is, what is not uncommon in the hot 
 partisan priest, ignorant and scurrilous, and a 
 guide whom no sensible man would wish to 
 follow. His congregation should pray for him." 
 The speech in which the objectionable phrase 
 occurred was understood to be one delivered in 
 the House during the discussion on the Reform 
 Bill of 1867. "At this moment," said Mr. Bright, 
 "in all or nearly all boroughs, as many of 
 us know, sometimes to our sorrow, there is a 
 small class which it would be much better for 
 themselves if they were not enfranchised, be- 
 cause they have no independence whatever, 
 and it woijd be much better for the constituency 
 also that they should be excluded, and there is 
 no class so much interested in having that small 
 class excluded as the intelligent and honest 
 working man. I call this class the residuum, 
 which there is in almost every constituency, of 
 almost hopeless poverty and dependence." 
 
 10. — Marshal Bazaine found guilty, and 
 sentenced to death. At half-past four o'clock 
 Maltre Lachaud concluded his speech in de- 
 fence. The Due d'Aumale then rose and 
 asked the Marshal if he had anything more to 
 add. In the midst of profound silence, the 
 Marshal rose. He said : " I bear on my breast 
 two words, 'Honour' and 'Country.' They 
 have been my motto for the forty years during 
 which I have served France, alike at Metz and 
 elsewhere. I swear it before Christ." The 
 Marshal was pale, and he appeared deeply 
 moved. The Court having spent some hours 
 in deliberation, the President, on returning, 
 said: — "In the name of the French people, 
 the Council of War, &c. , delivers the following 
 judgment ; — Franfois Achille Bazaine, Marshal 
 of France, is he guilty, firstly, of having capitu- 
 144 
 
 lated before the enemy in the open field? — 
 Unanimously, Yes. Secondly, had this capitu- 
 lation the effect of making those under his 
 command lay down their arms ? — Unanimously, 
 Yes. Thirdly, 1.1 he guilty of having nego- 
 tiated with the enemy before having done 
 everything prescribed by duty and honour? — ■ 
 Unanimously, Yes. Fourthly, is he guilty of 
 having surrendered a fortified place, the pro- 
 tection of which had been intrusted to him? 
 — Unanimously, Yes. In consequence of this. 
 Marshal Bazaine is condemned to the penalty 
 of death, with military degradation, and ceases 
 to belong to the Legion of Honour, and, 
 besides, is condemned to pay the expense of 
 the trial as regards the State. The Council 
 orders that the sentence shall be read to the 
 Marshal in the prison, in presence of the 
 assembled guard under arms." This sentence 
 was in two days commuted by President Mac- 
 Mahon on the recommendation of the Court 
 into twenty years of seclusion on the Isle St. 
 Marguerite. Marshal Bazaine thereupon wrote 
 to the President : — " You have remembered the 
 days in which we served our country together, 
 and I fear that the impulse of your heart over- 
 mastered State considerations. I should have 
 died without regret, since the recommendation 
 to mercy made to you by my judges vindicates 
 my honour. " 
 
 11. — The Claimant's witness, Jean Luie, 
 committed for trial on the charge of perjury. 
 Pending further proceedings against him, the 
 prisoner was sent back to undergo the re- 
 mainder of his sentence as a convict. 
 
 — Died, aged 57i William de Courcy 
 O'Grady, known in Ireland as " The O'Grady," 
 head of an ancient Milesian family. 
 
 — Charles Dawson sentenced to death at 
 Durham Assizes for the murder of his wife by 
 beating her with a champagne bottle, and then 
 dancing upon the body of his unhappy victim. 
 
 — Meeting in London to establish a National 
 Federation of Employers of Labour. 
 
 13.— Died, at Rome, aged 36, H. S. P. 
 Winterbotham, M.P., Under-Secretary of State 
 for the Home Department. 
 
 14.. — Died, aged 73, the Queen Dowager 
 Elizabeth of Prussia, widow of the late King 
 Frederick William IV. 
 
 — The Pope's last Encyclical on the pre- 
 sent persecution of the Catholic Church read 
 in the Roman Catholic Churches in London 
 by order of Archbishop Mannmg; By desire 
 of the Archbishop, the "faithful" were at the 
 same time formally warned, in their several 
 congregations, that those who dispute or deny 
 the definition of the Infallibility of the Roman 
 Pontiff, or impugn the decrees and dogmatical 
 constitutions of the late Vatican Council, incur 
 the penalties attaching to the sin of heresy, and 
 are in danger of being excommunicated from 
 the unity of the Church and from the fold of 
 Christ, 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 i873- 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 15. — Dr. Tristram, Chancellor of the Diocese 
 of London, gives judgment against the erection 
 of a baldacchino over the communion-table of 
 St. Barnabas ' Church, Pinilico. After much 
 consideration, he said he had come to the 
 conclusion that the proposed ornament did not 
 come within the rubrics, and that it was not 
 necessary or subsidiary to the services of the 
 Church. It was not in the province of this 
 court to sanction the erection of an ornament 
 that was not sanctioned, and as the law did 
 not provide for such an ornament to the com- 
 munion-table, it was not for this court to issue 
 a faculty to give greater dignity and honour to 
 the holy table than the simple dignity pre- 
 scribed by the law. He should, therefore, 
 refuse the application for a faculty, and grant 
 Mr. Bowron his costs. As he had decided the 
 question on the legal ground, it was not neces- 
 sary to go into the question of discretion. 
 
 16. — The surrender of the Virginius and the 
 surviving prisoners to American officers at 
 Bahia Honda. 
 
 — Disastrous storm at Sheffield, a lofty 
 tower in Trippet-lane falling through a portion 
 of the. works with which it was connected, and 
 burying about a score of workmen in its ruins. 
 A high chimney in Milton Street was also 
 blown down, and in other parts of the town 
 various workshops were unroofed. 
 
 — A Committee of Ministers of the Church 
 of Scotland, concerned at the insufficient 
 number of qualified probationers presently 
 available, issue a circular announcing an in- 
 tention to adopt; energetic means for main- 
 taining her efficiency. " They contemplate 
 aiding and encouraging, by pecuniary grants, 
 young men of ability and character, who desire 
 to study for the -ministry. They consider it of 
 vital importance that evei-y such student should, 
 throughout his university curriculum, be a 
 regular worshipper in some particular congre- 
 gation, from the minister, elders, and members 
 of which he should experience friendship and 
 attention. With a view to all this (writes the 
 Secretary), I have to beg that you will kindly 
 inform me, on or before the 8th proximo, 
 whether you know of any youth in your parish 
 or congregation who is inclined to become a 
 minister, and whom you believe to be fitted 
 for the office by his talents and dispositions." 
 
 18. — The^Tichborne case adjourned onjthis 
 the l4Sth day of trial until after Christmas. 
 
 — The first stone of the National Training 
 School for Music laid by the Duke of Edin. 
 burgh at South Kensington. 
 
 — Sir James Colquhoun, Bart., of Luss, 
 with two of his gamekeepers and a boy, drowned 
 in Lochlomond when returning to his mansion 
 at Rossdhu, after a day's shooting with his 
 Drother on Inchloanig. 
 
 — A paper in London Society forming one 
 of a series known as "The Chesterfield Letters 
 of 1873," being considered injurious to the 
 
 145 
 
 character of Colonel Charles White, Lord 
 Desart acknowledges responsibility by signing 
 a document denying that Colonel White or his 
 family were referred to in the article. " Had it 
 been so, I freely admit that that article would 
 have been defamatory, unwarranted, unwarran- 
 table, blackguard, infamous, and utterly un- 
 worthy of a gentleman's pen. I hope that 
 Colonel White will give the utmost publicity 
 to this statement." 
 
 19 — The Governing Body of Rugby School 
 resolve to remove Dr. Hayraan from the Head 
 Mastership. 
 
 20.— The Civil Marriages Bill read a second 
 time in the Prussian Lower House. 
 
 — Eight men drowned in the Thames at 
 West Moulsey, by the sinking of a boat en- 
 gaged to convey them across the river from the 
 works of the Lambeth Water Company. 
 
 21. — Died, at Lambeth, aged 89, Major 
 George Rawlinson, who had obtained an en- 
 sign's commission in 1805, and been on the 
 half-pay list since 18 16. 
 
 22. — Announcement made of the creation of 
 four new peers — Mr. Monsell, Lord Emly, of 
 Tervoe, in the county of Limerick ; Sir James 
 Wei wood Moncreiff, Lord Moncreiff, of Tullie- 
 bole, Kinross-shire ; Admiral the Tl on. Edward 
 George Granville Howard, heir presumptive to 
 the Earl of Carlisle, Lord Lamerton, of Lamer- 
 ton, in the county of Cumberland ; and Sir 
 John Duke Coleridge, Baron Coleridge, of 
 Ottery St. Mary. 
 
 — Died, at Dublin, aged 77, Lord Chief 
 Baron Pigott. 
 
 — The Pope holds a Consistory, at which 
 he creates twelve new Cardinals. 
 
 — The Attorney-General for the United 
 States pronounces an opinion that the Virginius 
 was not entitled to carry the American flag, her 
 papers having been obtained by perjury. The 
 American Government accepted the conse- 
 quences in accordance vrith the stipulations of 
 the protocol upon the subject signed by Spain 
 and the United States. 
 
 — A juiy in the Court of Exchequer gives a 
 verdict canying 350/. damages against the pro- 
 prietor of the Gloucester Mercury, for publishing 
 a libel against Mr. Edmunds, solicitor, Newent, 
 charged last year with the murder of his wife, 
 and, as appeared to the Lord Chief Baron, the 
 victim of a species of persecution under cir- 
 cumstances which, but that they appeared in 
 evidence, he should have thought impossible to 
 have existed in this country. 
 
 23. — Archbishop Manning reads a paper 
 before a Society known as the " Academia of 
 the Catholic Religion," on Caesarism and Ultra- 
 montanism, to prove that the antagonist of the 
 Church has always been Csesarism, or the 
 supremacy of the civil over the spiritual. " If 
 the Church," said the Archbishop, "be Anti- 
 christ, every Cajsar from Nero to this d.iy is 
 
 L 
 
DECEMBER 
 
 1874. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 justified. If it be Christ, it is the Supreme 
 Power among men ; that is to say : (l) it holds 
 its commission and authority from God ; (2) it 
 holds in custody the faith and the law of Jesus 
 Christ ; (3) it is the sole interpreter of that 
 faith and the sole expositor of that law. It has 
 within the sphere of that commission a power 
 to legislate with authority ; to bind the con- 
 sciences of all men bom again in the baptism 
 of Jesus Christ ; it alone can fix the limits of 
 the faith and law entrusted to it, and there- 
 fore the sphere of its own jurisdiction ; it alone 
 can decide in questions where its power is in 
 contact with the civil power — that is, in mixed 
 questions ; for it alone can determine how far 
 its own Divine office, or its own Divine trust, 
 enter into and are implicated in such questions ; 
 and it is precisely that element in any mixed 
 question of disputed jurisdiction which belongs 
 to a higher order and to a higher tribimal." 
 
 24. — The Supreme Court of the Brazilian 
 Empire finds the Bishop of Pemambuco guilty 
 of attempting to set aside an Article of the 
 Constitution, an offence punishable by im- 
 prisonment, and orders him to surrender to 
 the court to receive judgment. 
 
 — Charles Edward Butt, a young fanner 
 living at Arlington, sentenced to death at 
 Gloucester Assizes for shooting a young woman 
 named Phipps, whom he had courted for some 
 time, and who appeared to have aroused his 
 jealousy by attentions shovm to other young 
 men at Longney Feast. 
 
 — Died suddenly, aged 47, Dr. F. C. Webb, 
 editor of the Medical Times and Gazette. 
 
 26. — Twenty men drowned in the Tyne, 
 through the sinking of the steam-tug Gipsy 
 Queen, after striking upon the wreck of asunken 
 lighter near Northumberland Dock. 
 
 — The liberated vessel Virginius founders 
 in a gale off Cape Fear. 
 
 27. — Naval Brigade, 200 strong, land on 
 the Gold Coast and proceed to Prahsu. Sir 
 Garnet Wolseley and his staff proceed to the 
 front. 
 
 — Mr. Caleb Gushing appointed American 
 Minister to Spain in succession to General 
 Sickles. 
 
 28.— Popular demonstration in Paris, at the 
 funeral of M. Fran9ois Victor Hugo, son of 
 Victor Hugo. 
 
 — New Bourse at Brassels opened with a 
 ball attended by the royal household and mem- 
 bers of the diplomatic circle. 
 
 30. — A Berlin telegram to the Times re- 
 ports that the Chapter of the Civil Class of the 
 Prussian Royal Order "For Merit" has been 
 presented to Mr. Thomas Carlyle, the vacancy 
 having been created by the death of Alesandro 
 Manzoni. 
 
 — The Duke of Edinburgh leaves London 
 or ."?t. Petersburg. 
 
 J46 
 
 31. — Treaty between Russia and Bokhara 
 published at St. Petersburg. One Article pro- 
 vided for Russian merchants having the right 
 to construct harbours on (he banks of the Amou 
 Daria, in the territory of Bokhara, the Govern^ 
 ment of Bokhara to be responsible for the 
 security of such harbours, and the sites chosen 
 for them to be approved by the Russian autho- 
 rities ; another that Russian merchants shall be 
 permitted to establish factories and commercial 
 agencies in any part of Bokhara, and the mer- 
 chants of the latter shall be entitled to possess 
 such establishments in Turkestan territory. 
 Both Governments engaged to consider all 
 commercial treaties as sacred, and faithfully to 
 fulfil them. 
 
 — The French National Assembly, after 
 voting 8o,ooo,ooof. new taxes, adjourns for the 
 recess. 
 
 — Telegram received from Hong Kong, 
 announcing that the Portuguese Government 
 had abolished the Macao coolie trade. 
 
 1874. 
 
 Jannary 1. — Died, aged 53, David Morier 
 Evans, journalist, for over thirty years con- 
 nected vrith the City department of the Tima 
 and Standard newspapers. 
 
 2.— Parliament of Portugal opened by the 
 King, who thanked the British and German 
 Governments for the supply of arms furnished 
 to his country in the course of last year to 
 complete her military armament. 
 
 — The Spanish Cortes opened with a mes- 
 sage from Senor Castelar, describing the insur- 
 gents at Carthagena as eng^ed in a criminal 
 insurrection tending to break up the unrty 
 of the Fatherland, the marvellous work of 
 so many centuries, "seizing upon one of our 
 strongest places, the best provided of our arse- 
 nals, and our most formidable war vessels, 
 maintaining its accursed flag under the protec- 
 tion of impregnable fortresses, and thereby en- 
 couraging the revival of demagogic passions. 
 The want of troops and resources delays the 
 capture of the place, but, considering the 
 energy and activity of the besiegers and the 
 prostration and penury of the besieged, it 
 must soon fall at the feet of the Assembly." 
 Papers were promised relating to the Virginius 
 difhculty, settled, it was said, according to the 
 first principles of international law. 
 
 3, — Died, aged 61, William Telbin, scene 
 painter. 
 
 — A new Revolution in Spain, Senor Cas- 
 telar, twice defeated in the Cortes, being suc- 
 ceeded by a military Dictatorship. Castelar 
 thereupon wrote : — " I protest with all the 
 energy of my soul against the brutal act of 
 violence committed against the Constitutional 
 Cortes by the Captain-General of Madrid. My 
 conscience will not permit me to associate my- 
 
J ACTUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 JANUAK Y 
 
 self with demagogues ; but, on th«' other hand, 
 my conscience and my honour keep me aloof 
 from the state of things which has just been 
 created by the force of bayonets." 
 
 5. — Dawson, Gough, and Thompson exe- 
 cuted at Durham. 
 
 6. — The Conservatives gain a seat at Stroud, 
 the poll showing 2,817 fo'' Dorrington, against 
 2,426 for Havelock, Liberal. 
 
 ^- The Duke of Cambridge assaulted in Pall 
 Mall by a retired captain named Maunsell, 
 whose mind had become affected through what 
 he considered a denial of justice by officials at 
 the Horse Guards. 
 
 7. — Addressing his constituents at Elgin, Mr. 
 Grant Duff expresses an opinion that for a 
 Conservative Cabinet to be possible not as a 
 mere stop-gap, but to live with its own life, 
 he held " that not one or two men like Lord 
 Derby are necessary, but half a dozen, and I 
 do not see the men, nor any of them, an asser- 
 tion which I make without forgetting the merits 
 of politicians like Mr. Cave or Sir Charles 
 Adderley." After some remarks on Mr. Dis- 
 raeli's speech at Glasgow, Mr. Grant Duff dis- 
 cussed the possibility of a middle party in 
 English politics, and contended that there were 
 not men enough to form such a party. Just at 
 present he did not think the country wanted a 
 coalition, much less a Conservative Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 — Died, aged 69, Henry Glassford Bell, 
 Sheriff of Lanarkshire, and author of a volume 
 of graceful verses. Sheriff Bell's illness gave 
 rise to a disagreeable controversy regarding a 
 somewhat brusque request made to him by the 
 Home Secretary to resign, which was thought 
 to have even damaged the closing days of the 
 Liberal Ministry. 
 
 — The Glasgow Presbytery appoint a com- 
 mittee to inquire into the relations in which 
 that body stood to Principal Caird, preparatory 
 to dealing with him on a charge of heresy on 
 the subject of responsiUlity for belief. 
 
 — The Prussian Judicial Tribunal for the 
 trial of ecclesiastical causes sit for the first time, 
 the case for decision being the complaint of a 
 chaplain who had been removed from his office 
 by the Bishop of Paderborn. The court de- 
 cided that the act of the bishop was null and 
 void. 
 
 — Explosion in Carthagena of a powder 
 magazine, fired by the besieging batteries. 
 
 8. — President MacMahon delivers the Car- 
 dinals' hats to the new Cardinals in the chapel 
 of the Palace of Versailles. The recipients 
 were Monsignor Chigi, Papal Nuncio, and 
 the Archbishops of Paris and Cambrai. "The 
 Pope," said the Marshal, "knows our filial 
 attachment and our admiration at the manner 
 in which he supports his trials. His sympathy 
 did not fail us in our misfortunes, and his good 
 wishes are with us now in the work of pacific 
 regeneration which my Government pursues." 
 147 
 
 9. — The Prince of Wales unveils the statue 
 of his father the Prince Consort, set up at 
 Holbom Circus by a private person and pre- 
 sented to the Corporation of the City. 
 
 — Died, aged 51, George Colwall Oke, 
 chief clerk at the Mansion House police court, 
 and author of various legal works. 
 
 10.— -The Prince and Princess of Wales, with 
 Prince Arthur and a numerous suite, leave 
 London for St. Petersburg to attend the mar- 
 riage of the Duke of Edinburgh, 
 
 — The Bishop of Troyes having forbidden the 
 clergy of his diocese to celebrate masses for the 
 soul of the EmperorNapoleon, the Empress writes 
 that she can hardly believe it, ' ' because the 
 Church has never refused a prayer for the dead. 
 The spirit of charity and brotherly love form 
 one long chain which binds us the one to the 
 other — the rich or the poor, those in prosperity 
 or those in adversity, the living and the dead ! 
 No, it is impossible that you can have refused 
 a prayer for him who founded the institution of 
 almoners for saying the prayers after death. 
 No, it is impossible, when you protest against 
 those civil burials vt'hich deprive a Christian of 
 the prayers of the Church, that you can have 
 refused those same prayers when asked for. 
 Moreover, it is impossible that you can have 
 forgotten the oath which you took in the pre- 
 sence of him who is no more. " 
 
 11. — Carthagena surrenders to the troops 
 of the Madrid Government. The town had 
 suffered severely, though not so much as was 
 supposed, except near the Madrid Gate, where 
 the damage was very great. There scarcely 
 one house escaped untouched, and some were 
 riddled with shell; two houses had been thrown 
 down, and the street pavement ploughed up. 
 Immense dams^e was found to have been done 
 by the recent explosion of the powder maga- 
 zine, where over 200 persons were said to have 
 been killed. The walls near the Madrid Gate 
 suffered much, but there was nothing ap- 
 proaching to a breach. The Numencia, with 
 the insurgent Junta on board, escaped to Oran, 
 and surrendered to French authorities. 
 
 la. — Three convicts, Butt, Bailey, and 
 Barry, executed within the precincts of Glou- 
 cester gaol, 
 
 — A vote of confidence in Ministers carried 
 in the French Assembly by a majority of $8 in 
 a house of 700 members. 
 
 13. — Mr. Justice Grove, the judge appointed 
 to inquire into the petition against the return 
 of Sir Henry James, Attorney-General, opens 
 proceedings in the Nisi Prius Court of Taunton 
 Shire-hall. 
 
 14. — Iwokura, the second President of the 
 Japanese Council of State, attacked in Yeddo, 
 and slightly wounded. 
 
 — Dr. Kenealy concludes his speech in de- 
 fence of the Tichborne Claimant, having spoken 
 twenty-four days. Mr. Hawkins commenced 
 
 L 3 
 
yANUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 yA.VUARY 
 
 his reply next day, and in the afternoon, when 
 proceeding homeward, narrowly escaped from 
 the attentions of an excited mob pretending 
 sympathy with the Claimant. 
 
 14. — The French Assembly express ap- 
 proval of the Government bill relative to the 
 nomination of mayors. 
 
 — The Rev. George Richardson Mack- 
 arness elected Bishop of Argyll by an absolute 
 majority in both Chambers. The candidature 
 of Provost Cazenove was withdrawn. 
 
 15. — The Baroness Burdett-Coutts presented 
 with the freedom of the city of Edinburgh, "in 
 recognition of her ladyship's devoted zeal and 
 patriotism in the promotion and munificent 
 support of useful and charitable institutions, 
 and also in consideration of her ladyship's 
 association with Edinburgh as the honoured 
 descendant of one of its chief magistrates." 
 
 16. — The allegations against Prince Bismarck 
 in a book recently issued by General Delia Mar- 
 mora, lead to a scene in the Prussian Lower 
 House. In the course of a debate on educa- 
 tion, Herr von Malinckrodt declared that the 
 Ultramontanes were as faithful patriots as 
 Prince Bismarck, and he asked, amid con- 
 siderable uproar, -"Were they present at the 
 conference between Prince Bismarck and M. 
 Govone when a cession of territory on the left 
 bank- of the Rhine was discussed?" adding, 
 " I myself was not present, but I met with this 
 statement of the interview in a reliable quarter." 
 After a reply from Herr Kleoppel, the motion 
 was allowed to drop, and the debate on the 
 Civil Marriage Bill resumed. Prince Bis- 
 marck shortly afterwards entered the House, 
 and obtained leave to speak on a matter of 
 privilege. He characterized the statement of 
 Herr von Malinckrodt as an audacious and 
 lying invention, made in a malignant and 
 calumniatory manner. The Imperial Chan- 
 cellor added: — " I never uttered a syllable of 
 the sort. I have never spoken of ceding a 
 village or a meadow of German territory. The 
 whole accusation is throughout an audaciously 
 invented falsehood concocted to blacken my 
 character. (Loud cheers. ) I ask for no special 
 consideration from my opponents, but I am 
 entitled to ask that they shall behave more 
 decently in the sight of foreign countries and 
 our own Sovereign." Lnter in the discussion 
 Friuce Bismarck said : — -" It is remarkable that 
 Herr Malinckrodt attaches greater value to the 
 testimony of a foreigner than to mine. Tt 
 would require a man's lifetime to contradict 
 all that my enemies write against me. I may 
 safely say, and I am proud to be able to say it, 
 that I am the most strongly and the best hated 
 man of any country in Europe. Has not Herr 
 Malinckrodt sought to keep you and the 
 country in the belief that Delia Marmora's book 
 tells the truth? I do not wish to convince 
 him, but I ask you, could I not have obtained 
 the most immense results if I had been willing 
 to cede a portion of German territory to France ? 
 148 
 
 Did I do so ? You have no right to ask the 
 leader of the Government to justify himself 
 against calumny in the open tribune. That is 
 a proceeding to characterize which no parlia- 
 mentary expression can be found. The public 
 press will, no doubt, find one to .supply the 
 deficiency." 
 
 16. — Died, at Bonn, Dr. Max Schultze, 
 anatomist. 
 
 17. — Narrow escape of the De Broglie 
 Government on the Nomination of Mayors 
 Bill. An amendment by M. Ducarre, of^the 
 Left, enacting that the mayors should not be 
 selected except from the members of the muni- 
 cipal councils, was lost by only fourteen votes, 
 the numbers being 343 and 329. A subsequent 
 amendment, proposed by M. Feray, of the Left 
 Centre, that the mayors should be selected 
 from the municipal councils in communes 
 having a population of less than 3,000, was 
 rejected by 341 against 336, showing a majority 
 for the Government of five only. 
 
 — The German Emperor writes to the 
 Old Catholic Bishop, Dr. Reinkens : — " I thank 
 you for the hearty congratulations which you 
 have offered to me on the occasion of the 
 renewing of the year. May God's blessing 
 advance the work begun by you in His name, 
 also in the new year. May continually widen- 
 ing circles be penetrated by the unquestionably ■ 
 right conviction, shared by you, that in my 
 States respect for the law is reconcilable with 
 the exercise of the religion of every community 
 which pursues no worldly purposes, but only 
 the one purpose — to seek man's peace vrith 
 God." 
 
 18. — Died, aged 78, James Matthew Cope, 
 for over fifty years connected with the London 
 press. 
 
 — Died, in North Carolina, aged 63, the 
 Siamese twins, Chang and Eng. 
 
 19. — The Swedish Parliament opeiied by the 
 King in person. 
 
 — Died, Dr. George E. Biber, for many 
 years incumbent of Roehampton, and a prolific 
 controversialist. 
 
 — The Corporation of Brighton entertain 
 Sir Samuel Baker at a banquet in the hall of 
 the Royal Pavilion. Addressing the assembly 
 after dinner, Sir Samuel said there was now a 
 fair prospect for the development of the country 
 of the White Nile, but the future would of 
 course depend upon the enerijy and intelligence 
 of the Governor, who should be perfectly un- 
 fettered by Egypt, and should be furnished 
 with supreme power. He much feared that 
 the Viceroy was rather too impatient for quick 
 returns from his new territories ; but as he had 
 now intrusted his (Sir Samuel's) late command 
 to an English officer of high reputation — 
 Colonel Gordon — he felt sure all would be 
 done that was possible with the means fur- 
 nished by the Viceroy. The good work had 
 been begim and must be continued by English- 
 
JANUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 men. Should that element be withdrawn, the 
 slave trade would reappear like a cancer that 
 has been vainly extirpated. 
 
 19- — Apologising for his inability through 
 ill health to attend the meeting in St. James's 
 Hall, called to express sympathy with the 
 Emperor of Germany, in his conflict with the 
 Pope, Earl Russell writes ; — "The very same 
 principles which bound me to ask for equal 
 freedom for the Roman Catholic, the Pro- 
 testant Dissenter, and the Jew, bind me to 
 protest against a conspiracy which aims at 
 confining the German Empire in chains never, 
 it is hoped, to be shaken off. I hasten to 
 declare, with all friends of freedom, and, I 
 trust, with the great majority of the English 
 nation, that I could no longer call myself a 
 lover of civil and religious liberty were I not 
 to proclaim my sympathy with the Emperor of 
 Germany in the noble struggle in which he is 
 engaged. We have nothing to do with the 
 details of the German laws ; they may be just, 
 they may be harsh ; we can only leave it to the 
 German people to decide for themselves, as we 
 have decided for ourselves. At all events, we 
 are able to see that the cause of the German 
 Emperor is the cause of liberty, and the cause 
 of the Pope is the cause of slavery." 
 
 — Circular, signed by Mr. Disraeli, sent to 
 the Conservative members of the House, in- 
 timating that " Her Majesty having been 
 pleased to direct that Parliament should re- 
 assemble on the 5th of February, I trust that 
 you may find it convenient to be in your place 
 on that day. " 
 
 — The French Government suspend the 
 Univers two months for publishing in its last 
 number a pastoral letter from the Bishop of 
 Perigueux, and for the publication of certain 
 leading articles commenting upon the recent 
 circular of the Minister of Public Worship to 
 the French bishops. 
 
 — Died of fever in the camp at Prahsu, 
 Captain Huyshe of the Rifle Brigade, a volun- 
 teer for service in the field against the Ashan- 
 tees. 
 
 ai. — Replying to a deputation in favour of 
 conceding household suffrage to counties, Mr. 
 Gladstone said the question should not be 
 lightly taken up by any Government, and 
 should be undertaken only when a Government 
 is determined and reasonably believes it can 
 carry it to a successful and satisfactory result. 
 Mr. Gladstone concluded by saying he should 
 be glad when the period was reached to 
 give effect to those views which he had 
 from time to time expressed, impressed as he 
 was with the conscientious opinion that the 
 object sought for by the deputation would form 
 an additional strength to the throne and to 
 the laws, and add to the general happiness of 
 the country. 
 
 — Manifesto issued by the Nonconformist 
 Liberation Society, insisting that testing-ques- 
 tions be applied to candidates for Parliament 
 
 regarding Religious Equality, the Education 
 Act, and Disestablishment. 
 
 31. — A body of Chinese labourers employed 
 on the Costa Rica railway works, resisting an 
 attempt made to force them to work during a 
 fog, are fired upon by the military, at night, and 
 six killed. 
 
 23, — In the course of the inquiry regarding 
 the Claimant's witness Luie at Bow Street to- 
 day, a certificate signed by Mr. Whalley and 
 Mr. Onslow is read, certifying on their part 
 ' ' and on the part of all who have known J can 
 Luie in rehition to the Tichbome case, that he 
 has shown himself to be a man of thorough 
 honesty and great intelligence, and that he has 
 borne himself through all his life as a man 
 entitled to confidence and respect. He has 
 been exposed to great difficulties, harassment, 
 and temptation through this affair, and has 
 remained staunch and true, and rendered very 
 great service to Sir Roger Tichbome." 
 
 23. — Married, at the Winter Palace, St. 
 Petersburg, the Duke of Edinburgh and the 
 Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna. The 
 Orthodox ceremony was performed by Greek 
 ecclesiastics, and the Anglican by Dean Stanley. 
 
 — The first division of the Court of Session 
 sit in the case of Padwick v. Stewart, an action 
 raised to test the validity of the entail executed 
 over the estates of Murthly and Grandtully. 
 In 1 87 1 an agreement was entered into between 
 Mr. Padwick and Sir William Stewart, who 
 was then proprietor of Murthly, to sell the 
 estates at Sir William's death to Mr. Padwick 
 for the sum of 350,000/. Sir William died in 
 April 1871, and Mr. Padwick brought this 
 action to have it found that the agreement for 
 the sale of the estates was an effectual one. 
 Sir Archibald Douglas, Sir William's brother, 
 who was the next heir of entail, maintained 
 that the entail of the estates was a valid one, 
 and barred any sale. The court decided against 
 Mr. Padwick. 
 
 — Mr. Albert Grant intimates to the Metro- 
 politanBoard of Workshis intention of presenting 
 Leicester Square as a place of public recreation, 
 " I further," he wrote, " intend to erect at the 
 four corners granite pedestals, on which busts 
 in marble of a suitable size will be placed of 
 the following celebrated men, all known to 
 have been locally connected with the traditions 
 of Leicester Square : — These will be Hogarth 
 and Sir Joshua Reynolds, both of whom lived 
 and died in houses in the square ; Dr. Samuel 
 Johnson, the friend and constant visitor of Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds; and Sir Isaac Newton, who 
 lived in Leicester Place adjoining the square 
 for many years after he became President of the 
 Royal Society ; men who, it will be admitted, 
 are worthy of being illustrated by the sculptor's 
 art, but who have not, that I am aware of, yet 
 received any recognition of their greatness in 
 that form in' any public open space in London." 
 
 149 
 
JANUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 34. — To the surprise of all except a few 
 familiar with the determination come to at a 
 Cabinet meeting held yesterday, Mr. Gladstone 
 announces the dissolution of Parliament in a 
 long address to the electors of Greenwich. 
 "That authority," he said, "which was in 
 1868 amply confided by the nation to the 
 Liberal party and its leaders, if it has now 
 sunk below the point necessary for the due 
 defence and prosecution of the public interests, 
 can in no way be so legitimately and effectually 
 restored as by an appeal to the people, who, 
 by their reply to such an appeal, may place 
 beyond all challenge two great questions — the 
 first, what they think of the manner in which 
 the commission granted in 1868 has been exe- 
 cuted ; the second, what further commission 
 they now think fit to give to their representa- 
 tives, and to what hands its fulfilment and the 
 administration of the Government are to be 
 entrusted." On the Education Act, Mr. Glad- 
 stone did not doubt with regard to " one or 
 two points, calculated to create an amount of 
 uneasiness out of proportion to their real im- 
 portance or difficulty," that "the wisdom of 
 the renovated legislature will discover the 
 means of their accommodation." Expressing 
 his satisfaction at the rise of wages in the 
 agricultural districts, which he regarded as "a 
 new guarantee for the stability of the throne 
 and institutions of the country," Mr. Gladstone 
 passed to the consideration of the county fran- 
 chise. " I have never concealed my opinion 
 that those institutions will be further strength- 
 ened by granting to the counties generally that 
 extended franchise which has been conceded 
 with general satisfaction to the towns, and to 
 the populations of a number of rural districts 
 with a central village, which may perhaps be 
 called peasant-boroughs." In estimating the 
 revenue for the current year, the Prime Minister 
 did not fear to anticipate as the probable balance 
 a surplus exceeding rather than falling short of 
 5,000,000/. ; and, with this sum in hand, he 
 suggested the possibility of abolishing the in- 
 come-tax. The proceeds of that tax, he said, 
 for the present year " are expected to be be- 
 tween 5,000,000/. and 6,000,000/., and at a 
 sacrifice for the financial year of something less 
 than 4,500,000/., the country may enjoy the 
 advantage and relief of its total repeal. I do 
 not hesitate to affirm that an efl'ort should now 
 be made to attain this advantage, nor to declare 
 that, according to my judgment, it is in present 
 circumstances practicable. " 
 
 — Since the general election in j868 the 
 party losses and gains had been — Liberal seats 
 lost 32, Conservative seats lost 9. The 
 Liberal majority was thought to have fallen 
 from n6 to about 70. 
 
 — News from Atchin announce the capture 
 of Kraton by the Dutch, after a successful 
 attack on its western side. When entered, 
 the place was found to be abandoned. This 
 result was considered as deciding the war 
 against the Atchinese. 
 
 I. SO 
 
 34. — Died, aged 90, Adam Black, publisher, 
 Edinburgh, for which city he sat in Parliament 
 from 1856 to 1865. 
 
 26. — Mr. Disraeli issues his address to the 
 electors of Buckinghamshire. He did not 
 think it necessary at present to consider 
 whether Mr. Gladstone has advised the Queen 
 to dissolve Parliament as a means of avoiding 
 the humbling confession that he has, in a fresh 
 violation of constitutional law, persisted in 
 retaining for several months a seat to which he 
 was no longer entitled, or to postpone or evade 
 the day of reckoning for a war carried on with- 
 out communication with Parliament, and the 
 expenditure for which Parliament has not 
 sanctioned. It is sufficient to point out that if 
 under any circumstances the course — altogether 
 unprecedented — of calling together Parliament 
 by special summons for the dispatch of business, 
 and then dissolving it before its meeting, could 
 be justified, there is in the present case no 
 reason whatever suggested why this was not 
 done six weeks ago, and why the period of the 
 year usually devoted to business before Easter, 
 which must now be wasted, should not thus 
 have been saved. The right hon. gentleman 
 found in Mr. Gladstone's "prolix narrative," 
 nothing definite as to the policy he would 
 pursue except this — that, having the prospect 
 of a large surplus, he will, if retained in power, 
 devote that surplus to the remission of tax- 
 ation, which would be the course of any party 
 or any Ministry. "If returned to Parliament, 
 I shall, whether in or out of office, continue the 
 endeavour, to propose or support all measures 
 calculated to improve the condition of the 
 people of this kingdom. But I do not think 
 this great end is advanced by incessant and 
 harassing legislation. The English penple are 
 g<jverned by their customs as much as by their 
 laws, and there is nothing they more dislike 
 than unnecessary restraint and meddling inter- 
 ference in their affairs. Generally speaking, I 
 should say of the Administration of the last 
 five years that it would have been better for us 
 all if there had been a little more energy in our 
 foreign policy and a little less in our domestic 
 legislation. ... By an act of folly or of 
 ignorance rarely equalled, the present Ministry 
 relinquished a treaty which secured us the 
 freedom of the Straits of Malacca for our trade 
 with China and Japan, and they at the same 
 time entering on the West Coast of Africa, 
 into those 'equivocal and entangling engajje- 
 ments' which the Prime Minister now depre- 
 cates, involved us in the Ashantee war. The 
 Conservative party (he said) viewed the county 
 franchise question without prejudice. They 
 have proved that they are not afraid of popular 
 rights. But the late Reform Act was a large 
 measure, which, in conjunction with the Ballot, 
 has scarcely been tested by experience, and 
 they will hesitate before they sanction further 
 legislation, which will inevitably involve, among 
 other considerable changes, the disfranchise- 
 ment of at least all boroughs in the kingdom 
 comprising less than 40,000 inhabitants. 
 
JANUARV 
 
 1874, 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 Writing of the proposed disestablishment of 
 the Church and divorcing religion from the 
 work of education, as solemn issues which the 
 impending election must decide, "their solu- 
 tion (he went on) must be arrived at when 
 Europe is more deeply stirred than at any 
 period since the Reformation, and when the 
 cause of civil liberty and religious freedom 
 mainly depends upon the strength and stability 
 of England. I ask, you to return me to the 
 House of Commons to resist every proposal 
 which may impair that strength, and to support 
 by every means her imperial sway. " 
 
 26. — Proclamation issued for the dissolution 
 of Parliament, writs for new elections to be 
 returnable, 5th March. 
 
 — Grand parade of troops at St. Petersburg 
 in honour of the visit of the Prince of Wales. 
 
 — Announcement made of the death of 
 Dr. Livingstone, while journeying in the direc- 
 tion of Unyanyemba. He was bom at Blantyre, 
 near Glasgow, in 1817. 
 
 — Mr. Disraeli, writes Mr. Lowe to his 
 constituents, tells us that he does not think 
 the condition of the United Kingdom is im- 
 proved by incessant .and harassing legislation. 
 "This means that it is best not to legislate at 
 all, or, if you do legislate, to take care to 
 offend no one. Compare the state of England 
 with her state forty years ago. To what do 
 we owe the change ? To laws which harassed 
 the owners of boroughs, the cornipt coipora- 
 tions, the protected trades and industries, and 
 the universities — in short, all persons and 
 institutions which held privileges adverse to 
 the general welfare. The man who prefers 
 custom to law announces a principle which 
 would stereotype every abuse, and substitute 
 the blind guesses of barbarism for the clear 
 and well-considered conclusions of a civilized 
 age." Mr. Lowe puts his trust in a university 
 " which is itself a product of harassing legis- 
 lation," and concluded with the remark, "The 
 night comes upon all, but we will not draw 
 the curtain while it is yet day. " 
 
 — In the matter of the Taunton election 
 petition, Mr. Justice Grove decides that the 
 Attorney-General was duly elected, and that 
 the cost of proceedings must be paid by 
 petitioners. 
 
 — Fire at the British Embassy, Lisbon, Sir 
 Charles and Lady Murray making a narrow 
 escape from suffocation. 
 
 37. — Meeting in St. James's Hall to express 
 sympathy with the German Emperor in his 
 stru^le with the Pope. Sir John Murray, 
 Bart, (of Philiphangh), presided, and the 
 speakers were the Dean of Canterbury, Sir 
 Robert Peel, Bart., Sir Thomas Chambers, 
 Q.C., the Rev. Dr, Jobson (an ex-president of 
 the Wesleyan Conference), Mr. Newdegate, 
 Mr. J. Lowry Whittle, Colonel Macdonald, 
 and Dr. Joseph P. Thompson, an American 
 clergyman, A letter had been received from 
 
 the Archbishop of York stating that while he 
 declined to commit himself to the objects of 
 the meeting, no one was more opposed to 
 Ultramontanism than himself. A similar letter 
 was received from the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury. 
 
 27. — Accident at Manuel Junction on the 
 North British line, the 6.35 London express 
 from Edinburgh to Glasgow running into a 
 mineral train shunting there, and killingfourteen 
 passengers. The engine driver was wounded, 
 and the stoker and another man killed. The 
 collision was disastrous in the extreme, the 
 carriages of the passenger train being piled up 
 to a great height above the engine, and many 
 of the passengers killed on the spot. A large 
 number were injured, while others escaped 
 almost miraculously, though buried in the 
 deiris. A staff of doctors and assistants was 
 procured from Edinburgh. 
 
 — Nonconformist manifesto issued describing 
 Mr. Gladstone's views on religious equality as 
 vague and unsatisfactory. The Committee 
 urged on the metropolitan constituencies the 
 propriety of eliciting from candidates a promise 
 to support those alterations in the Education 
 Act, which, in the judgment of this Committee, 
 are necessary — viz. the abolition of the 2Sth 
 clause, the imiversal establishment of school 
 boards, with a board school in each district, 
 and compulsory attendance. " It is also de- 
 sirable that the opinions of candidates should 
 be ascertained on questions of religious equality. 
 They recommend that, should the answers not 
 be satisfactory, the advisability of securing 
 candidates favourable to the principles of this 
 Committee be carefully considered, and that the 
 suddenness of the demand which has been 
 made on the electors should not be allowed to 
 interfere vrith the performance of this important 
 and paramount duty." Another appeal to 
 electors proceeded at this time from the Labour 
 Representation League, asking working-class 
 voters to vote for labour candidates, " that you 
 may practically assert the principle of direct 
 labour representation. We ask you also to 
 vote for labour candidates that you may remove 
 from yourselves the degrading stigma of class 
 exclusion." 
 
 28. — Marshal Gablenz, formerly Austrian 
 commander in the Sleswick-Holstein war com- 
 mits suicide at Zurich. 
 
 — Mr. Gladstone addresses his Greenwich 
 constituents at Blackheath. A large number 
 gathered to welcome him, although the day 
 was somewhat unfavourable. He defended the 
 home and foreign policy pf his government 
 against the criticism of Mr. Disraeli, and under- 
 took to show that the Dutch treaty regarding 
 the Straits of Malacca had been carried through 
 when that statesman was in ofSce in 1858. On 
 the subject of finance the Prime Minister was 
 careful to have it understood that by repeal of 
 the income-tax he meant its total and absolute 
 repeal. His statement was received with loud 
 
JANUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 and long-continued cheering. Any attempt 
 (he said) to tamper with this or that schedule 
 of the income-tax I am convinced would fail, 
 and would likewise impair the general stability 
 and credit of the finances of the country. Mr. 
 Gladstone concluded by dex;laring — " I will not 
 lead one section of the Liberal party — in what 
 I think an unnatural and fratricidal war against 
 some other section of it. I have too much 
 respect for them all to enter upon such a course, 
 and I am perfectly persuaded that there is 
 plenty of work to be done upon which you are 
 united and agreed, and for the doing of which 
 you will give effect to your union of sentiment 
 at this dissolution by a corresponding union of 
 votes. If you do that — if again you march to 
 the poll with one heart and with one soul, as 
 you have done upon former occasions, in view 
 of continued application and of further triumph 
 of those principles to which you have so long 
 and so energetically and so successfully been 
 devoted — then I say with the utmost confidence 
 that, in spite of Conservative reaction, and in 
 spite of the seductions of foreign policy — aye, 
 and in spite of the Straits of Malacca — once 
 more, and not for the last time, victory will 
 crown your cause. " 
 
 29. — The Lord Chief Justice commences 
 his summing up to the Jury on the Tichborne 
 case, on this the 169th day of trial. 
 
 — First members returned to the new Parlia- 
 ment, the elections in Cirencester, Harwich and 
 Marlborough being made without opposition. 
 Numerous nominations take place on this and 
 following day. 
 
 30. — Died aged 92, Admiral Thomas Gill, 
 who entered the navy in 1794, and was present 
 at the capture of Port-au-Prince, St. Domingo. 
 
 31. — Election speeches made by Mr. Glad- 
 stone at Woolwich, Mr. Disraeli at Aylesbury, 
 and Mr. Bright at Birmingham. In explanation 
 of his position as Chancellor of the Exchequer 
 the Prime Minister said, when he found that a 
 question was raised as to his vacation of the 
 seat, he obtained the best legal advice he could, 
 and the present Master of the Rolls, the Lord 
 Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, the Lord 
 Chancellor, and the law officers of the Crown, 
 had all advised him that he ought not to certify 
 that his seat was vacant. He therefore reserved 
 the question for the decision of the House of 
 Commons. Mr. Gladstone afterwards urged 
 upon the Liberal party the necessity for united 
 action, and cautioned them to be moderate in 
 their views, and not to strive after things which 
 were, for the present at least, unattainable. — 
 Mr. Disraeli amused his hearers by describing 
 the Prime Minister's reason for dissolving — 
 "as far as his meaning could be gathered from 
 a document of remarkable length — that it 
 was because the Government only enjoyed a 
 majority of 66. Now, if the Conservative 
 Government enjoyed a majority of 66 he be- 
 lieved it would be able to carry on the business 
 of the countrj' with satisfaction and benefit to 
 the nation. He compared the position of the 
 152 
 
 country to that of a sick patient who really 
 suffered nothing except from the nerves. Her 
 Majesty's Government were evidently a nervous 
 Ministry, for, in the midst of apparent prosperity 
 and with a large majority in Parliament, they 
 suddenly dissolved it." Concerning recent 
 domestic legislation Mr. Disraeli reiterated his 
 opinion that, for the last five years the policy 
 of the Government had been to make every- 
 body uncomfortable. Turning to foreign aflfairs, 
 he urged that the consequences of inattention 
 to these matters were costly wars, ignominious 
 treaties, and sham arbitrations got up as a cloak 
 in order to pay hush-money for blunders or 
 insults committed. With regard to the Crimean 
 war, he said — If we had declared that the 
 moment the Russians crossed the Pruth hosti- 
 lities would be declared, no war would ever 
 have taken place ; and if the country were 
 indebted to any one more than another for the 
 costly result of this indecision it was to Mr. 
 Gladstone, the then Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer. Mr. Gladstone evidently forgot now 
 that foreign affairs were simply the affairs of 
 this country in foreign parts ; and, seeing that 
 his policy had entailed on this country such an, 
 immense loss of treasure, it was the height of 
 folly for him to pride himself on cutting down 
 the dockyard establishments and paring the 
 income of a few hard-worked clerks. Touching 
 upon the Abyssinian war, he justified the con- 
 duct of the Conservatives for undertaking that 
 war, and said that the cost exceeded the original 
 estimate because it was found absolutely essen- 
 tial to conclude it at once without involving a 
 second campaign. The appointment of Lord 
 Napier of Magdala to the command of the 
 army in Abyssinia was ridiculed by the Liberals 
 because he was only an engineer officer, but so, 
 indeed, was the appointment of Lord Mayo as 
 Viceroy of India, the present Government 
 going so far as to advise her Majesty to recall 
 that noble lord from his post. — Mi. Bright re- 
 marked, " They say that we — that is the Liberal 
 p^rty — have disturbed classes and interests un- 
 necessarily, that we have harassed almost all 
 sorts of people, and have made ourselves very 
 unpopular thereby. Why, if they had been 
 in the wilderness, no doubt they would have 
 condemned the ten commandments as a harass- 
 ing piece of legislation. " He pleaded guilty to 
 the charge that they had disturbed a good 
 many classes and a good many interests, and 
 in doing so he offered as the justification the 
 fact that in no single case had they injured a 
 class or interest, and in every case they had 
 greatly benefited the country. 
 
 — Died at Pau, whither he had gone for 
 the benefit of his health, the Right Hon. 
 Duncan McNeill, Lord Colonsay, aged 80 
 years. 
 
 — Sir John Byles takes his seat as a member 
 of the Judicial Committee. 
 
 — Engagement at Amoaful between the 
 troops under Sir Garnet Wolseley and the 
 Ashantees. The latter fought desperately and 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 suffered severely. The casualties on the 
 Uritlsh side were — Royal Engineers, Captain 
 Kuckle, killed ; Major Home, wounded in two 
 places ; Lieutenant Hare, wounded in two 
 places; two Sappers and thirty six labourers 
 killed. The Naval Brigade, 145 strong, had 
 three officers wounded — namely. Captain 
 Grubbe, Lieutenant Mundy, and Lieutenant 
 Rawson, and twenty-six men killed and 
 wounded. The 23rd, about ninety strong, had 
 one officer and five men wounded. The 42nd 
 lost nine officers and 105 men in killed and 
 wounded, including Major Macpherson wounded 
 in two places. One bullet passed through his 
 leg, but he led his men the whole way. Major 
 Baird was badly wounded in both legs and 
 in the chest, and carried to the rear unable 
 to move, where he afterwards fell a victim 
 to the fury of the natives. Operations com- 
 menced at 6 a.m. and continued with little 
 intermission in the fighting till 3 p.m. The 
 42nd Regiment led the advance, and stormed 
 the village of Amoafiil. The Rifle Brigade, 
 the Naval Brigade, and a company of the 23rd 
 Regiment, with Wood's and Russell's native 
 ri-giments, were all hotly engaged throughout 
 the day. The Ashantees also besieged, with- 
 out success, the village of Quaiman, which had 
 been occupied as a post, and attacked a convoy 
 between Insarfu and Quarman. 
 
 February 1. — The Rev. Charles Walde- 
 grave Sandford consecrated Bishop of Gibraltar, 
 in the Cathedral at Christ Church, Oxford. 
 
 a. — Mr. Gladstone delivers a third address 
 to the Greenwich electors at New Cross. 
 
 — Calcutta telegrams convey the welcome 
 news that rain had at last begun to fall in 
 various parts of Bengal. The maximum at 
 Rungpore was reported to be three inches. 
 
 — Died, aged 85, Admiral Thomas Wren 
 Carter, who had entered the navy when only 
 eleven years of age, and been present at the 
 battle of Copenhagen in 1801, in the Wal- 
 cheren expedition, and at Flushing. 
 
 — Correspondence between the Duke of 
 Argyll and Mr. Disraeli regarding an expression 
 used by the latter, that the Liberal party had 
 advised her Majesty to recall Lord Mayo from 
 h's post. "Perhaps," wrote his grace, "you 
 will allow me to ask you upon what authority 
 or information you have gone in expressing this 
 belief? and to inform you that it is altogether 
 unfounded in fact." Mr. Disraeli replied that 
 his authority was " a communication from Loid 
 Mayo himself appealing to me to make some 
 demonstration in the House of Commons, if 
 possible, to prevent it. I consulted my friends 
 at the time accordingly. I accept unequivocally 
 your denial of the statement, but my own im- 
 pression is that Lord Mayo died with the con- 
 viction that the step in question was contem- 
 plated by the Ministry." The Duke closed the 
 correspondence by repeating his remark that no 
 such advice was given to the Crovra, nor was it 
 even "contemplated" by the Government. 
 
 3. — The election returns up to this date show 
 the Conservatives to have gained 29 seats and 
 the Liberals 10. Mr. Gladstone was returned 
 for Greenwich to-day second on the poll, Mr. 
 Boord, Conservative, being at the top with 
 6, £93 votes against Si968 given to the Premier. 
 At Cambridge two new Conservative members, 
 Smollett and Marten, replaced two Liberals. 
 At Wigan the Conservatives also gained two 
 seats. Considerable disorder prevailed at Shef- 
 field, Peterborough, Lincoln, and Dudley. Mr. 
 Lowe, returned unopposed for London Univer- 
 sity, again criticized Mr. Disraeli as a most 
 uncomfortable person to have as a governor 
 of the country, having a harum-scarum, slap- 
 dash, inconsiderate, careless way of dealing 
 with things, and as possessing a slatternly, 
 inaccurate mind. 
 
 — In the Italian Chamber of Deputies, 
 Signor Visconti-Venosta, in reply to a question, 
 declined on the part of the Ministry all respon- 
 sibility for the publication of the dispatches 
 printed in General Delia Marmora's book. 
 " The Government disapprove and deplore the 
 publication of these documents, especially as it 
 furnished a pretext for making against a friendly 
 Power accusations which can only be based on 
 a misunderstanding, inasmuch as they fall to 
 the ground when tested by the evidence of 
 results. " 
 
 — The election returns of Alsace-Lorraine 
 show large majorities in favour of Ultramontane 
 and French candidates. 
 
 — Archbishop Ledochowski arrested and 
 conveyed under police escort to Frankfort-on- 
 the-Oder. 
 
 <*. — Addressing the electors at Newport 
 Pagnell, Mr. Disraeli said Mr. Gladstone ought 
 not to have involved us in entangling engage- 
 ments as he admitted had been done. " If 
 you employ a person in your business as a 
 traveller, or if any of the farmers in this room 
 sent a person to act for him in some distant 
 market to buy stock, we will say in Scotland, 
 and he came back and told you, ' I bought 
 the stock, but I have bought it with equivocal 
 and entangling engagements,' what would you 
 say ? ' This will never do ; ' and when you 
 began to rate your agent for getting you into 
 equivocal and entangling engagements, would 
 it be any answer if he said, ' Oh, I am sorry 
 for this, and it will be a lesson to me in the 
 future ; but I assure you I have been most 
 economical in my personal expenses. I have 
 always travelled by a second-class train, and as 
 for any refreshments on the road, I have taken 
 the temperance pledge.' Now, gentlemen, 
 that is the economy of which Mr. Gladstone 
 is so proud." Mr. Lowe was described as an 
 ungrateful man, who would not likely have 
 been in Parliament but for Mr. Disraeli. 
 "Were it not for me the London University 
 would not have had a member. Everybody 
 was opposed to it. My colleagues did not 
 much like it ; the Conservative party did not 
 «53 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 much like it ; but, more strange than anything 
 else, the whole Liberal party were ready to 
 appose it. But I, with characteristic magna- 
 nimity said to myself, ' Unless I give a member 
 to the London University Mr. Lowe cannot 
 have a seat. ' It was then impossible for him, 
 and probably still is, to show himself upon any 
 hustings with safety to his life. I said to 
 myself, ' There is so much ability lost to 
 England,' and I pique myself always on up- 
 holding and supporting ability in every party 
 and wherever I meet it ; and I also said to 
 myself, 'One must have an eye to the main 
 chance. If I keep Mr. Lowe in public life— 
 and this is his only chance — I make sure that 
 no Cabinet, even if it be brought into power by 
 an overwhelming majority, can long endure 
 and long flourish if he be a member of it ; and, 
 gentlemen, I think what took place perfectly 
 justified my prescience." 
 
 5. — News pubUshed of the submission of 
 King Koffee, and his consent to pay a ransom 
 of 200,000/. 
 
 — Died, aged 83, Captain Tweedie, formerly 
 of the Royal Artillery, and one of the few sur- 
 vivors of the Peninsular campaign. 
 
 — The first session of the newly-elected 
 German Reichstag opened by Commission, 
 Prince Bismarck reading the Imperial Speech. 
 " The foreign relations of the empire, " it was 
 said, ' ' strengthen our conviction that all foreign 
 Governments, like our own, are resolved to 
 use their endeavours to preserve the benefits of 
 pea.ce, and will not be diverted from this object 
 or allow their mutual confidence to be affected 
 by any party efforts to disturb peace. The 
 repeated interviews of powerful, peace-loving, 
 and personally intimate monarchs, and the 
 cordial relations of Germany with peoples 
 whose friendship with her is based upon his- 
 torical tradition, render the Emperor firmly 
 confident of the continuance of peace being 
 assured." 
 
 — The vacant Jansenist archiepiscopal see 
 of Utrecht filled by the election of Monsignor 
 Cornelius Diependaal. This appointment was 
 afterwards declined. 
 
 — The army under Sir Garnet Wolseley 
 enters Coomassie after five days' hard fighting. 
 The killed and wounded among his men were 
 stated to be under 300. In the naval brigade 
 seven officers were wounded, two men killed, 
 and 36 wounded. In a general order issued to 
 the soldiers, seamen, and marines of the ex- 
 peditionary force, Sir Garnet thanked them 
 in her Majesty's name for their gallantry and 
 good conduct throughout all the operations. 
 "In the first phase of this war the Ashantee 
 army was driven back from the Fantee country 
 into its own territory. Since then you have 
 penetrated far through a dense forest, defended 
 at many points with the greatest obstinacy. 
 Yon have repeatedly defeated a very numerous 
 and most courageous enemy, fighing on his own 
 ground, in well selected positions. JBritish pluck 
 
 IS4 
 
 and the discipline common to her Majesty's 
 land and sea forces have enabled you thus to 
 overcome all difficulties and to seize upon the 
 enemy's capital, which now lies at our mercy. 
 All the people,, both European and native, 
 unjustly held captive by the King of Ashantee, 
 are now at liberty, and you have proved to this 
 cruel and barbarous people that England is 
 able to punish her enemies, no matter what 
 their strength in numbers or position. " 
 
 7. — The result of the elections up to this 
 date put all doubt about a Conservative success 
 beyond question. The administration of Mr. 
 Gladstone, wrote the Daily News, was prac- 
 tically at an end, while the Telegraph observed 
 that no one was needed to instruct the Prime 
 Minister as to the course which his duty and 
 dignity prescribed. The Conservatives had 
 now gained 42 seats, and the Liberals only 
 27. In the city of London 3 Conservatives 
 were returned in room of 3 Liberals, and Mr. 
 Goschen only got in as "minority member." 
 In the Tower Hamlets Mr. Ayrton was thrown 
 out, and a Conservative headed the poll. They 
 also gained i seat at Chelsea and Westminster, 
 and 2 at Brighton and Nottingham. At Kil- 
 marnock Mr. Bouverie was thrown out by a 
 more advanced Liberal, and Renfrewshire was 
 restored to that party by the unexpected victory 
 of Colonel Mure over Colonel Campbell, who 
 thus was never afforded an opportunity o 
 taking his seat in the House. 
 
 — " Ten Days' Mission " services commence 
 in London, the first preacher being the Bishop 
 of the Diocese. 
 
 — Died, aged 96 John Christian Schetky, 
 marine painter, a fellow pupil at Edinburgh 
 High School with Scott, Brougham, and 
 Horner. 
 
 — Sir Garnet Wolseley forwards a dispatch to 
 the Colonial Office announcing that the main ob- 
 ject of the expedition had been perfectly secured, 
 and that the troops, now on their homeward 
 march, would embark immediately at Cape 
 Coast Castle for England. " The whole 
 scheme," wrote Sir Garnet, "of Ashantee 
 politics is so based upon treachery that the 
 King does not either understand any other 
 form of n^otiation, or believe it possible that 
 others can have honest intentions. Under ' 
 these circumstances, my Lord, it became clear 
 that a treaty would be as valueless to us as it 
 was difficult to obtain. Nothing remained but 
 to ' leave such a mark of our power to punish 
 as should deter from future aggression a nation 
 whom treaties do not bind. I had done all I 
 could to avoid the necessity, but it was forced 
 upon me. I gave orders for the destruction of 
 the palace and the burning of the city. I had 
 at one time also contemplated the destruction 
 of the Bantoma, where the sacred ashes of 
 former kings are entombed, but this would 
 have involved a delay of some hours. Very 
 heavy rain had fallen. I feared the streanis 
 might have risen in my rear sufficiently to 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 seriously delay my march. I considered it 
 better, therefore, not to risk further the health 
 of the troops, the wet weather having already 
 threatened seriously to affect it. The demoli- 
 tion of the place was complete. From all that 
 
 1 can gather I believe that the result will be 
 such a diminution in the prestige and military 
 power of the Ashantee monarch as may result 
 in the break up of the kingdom altogether." 
 
 8. — Died, aged 67, Herman Merivale, C.B., 
 Under-Secretary of State for India. 
 
 9. — Came on for trial in the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, the case of Poles v. Goodlake, an action 
 for libel against the publisher of the Times, in 
 ■which newspaper the plaintiff, a Pole by birth, 
 had been accused of obtaining by false repre- 
 sentations certain papers from the house of M. 
 Thiers when in the hands of the Commune, 
 and endeavouring thereafter to extort money by 
 threatening to publish the same. Plaintiff ad- 
 mitted in examination that he had along with 
 Mr. Dallas obtained access to the house of M. 
 Thiers, and saved certain writings and bronzes 
 specially desired by the family, but the whole 
 bad been faithfully given up to their owners. 
 On the loth a verdict was returned for the 
 plaintiff with 50/. damages. 
 
 — Died, aged 66, Dr. David Frederick 
 Strauss, chief of tlie German Rational School, 
 and author of " Leben Jesu." 
 
 — Died, aged 76, M. Michelet, French 
 historian. 
 
 10, — Election returns show the Liberal gains 
 at 27, and the Conservatives 78. In South Essex 
 
 2 seats were won by the latter, in West Glou- 
 cestershire I, and in Edinburghshire i. 
 
 — Addressing his constituents at Bucking- 
 ham, Mr. Disraeli expressed sympathy with the 
 difficulties experienced by Government in miti- 
 gating the distress in India. "There was 
 nothing," he said, "in politics so difficult as 
 for a Government to undertake to feed a people. 
 Philosophers, indeed, who decide upon all sub- 
 jects upon abstract principles, have laid it dovm 
 that, under no circumstances, should such an 
 office be undertaken by a Government. It is 
 said that the moment a Government enters the 
 market as a purchaser, with a view of feeding 
 a nation, all private dealers disappear, because 
 It is impossible for private dealers to compete 
 with a purchaser who does not seek a profit. 
 It is said, on the other hand, that if all private 
 dealers retire, the Government has a monopoly, 
 and, being the only purchaser, must necessarily 
 obtain very great means ; but we must re- 
 member this, that the moment a Government 
 undertakes to feed a people, although the 
 Government may have no competitor m the 
 market, the Government is obliged to give any 
 price for food that is demanded. The Govern- 
 ment has no option the moment it publicly 
 undertakes that duty. Commerce is by no 
 means an affair of gross purchase. It is an 
 affair also of traditionary skill and of esta- 
 blished connection, and the Government that 
 
 undertakes to feed a people by going into the 
 market merely to purchase will often find that 
 its resources are extremely limited, that with 
 boundless capital it can only obtain, compara- 
 tively speaking, scanty supplies, and that in 
 the distribution of them it will encounter diffi- 
 culties unknovra to the private trader." In 
 concluding his address, Mr. Disraeli asked the 
 electors of Bucks to repose their confidence in 
 him for the tenth time. The county of Bucks 
 had always been a political county, and he 
 hoped would maintain its reputation in that 
 respect. Since the accession of the House of 
 Hanover there had been thirty Prime Ministers 
 in England, and five of them had been supplied 
 by the county of Buckingham. Surely then, 
 he said, there must be something in the air of 
 Buckinghamshire that was favourable to the 
 growth of Prime Ministers. 
 
 la. — Despatch received at the Foreign Office 
 making mention of the rumours at Zanzibar of 
 the death of Dr. Livingstone in the interior, 
 and the removal of his body in the direction of 
 the const. 
 
 — Died, aged 66, Sir Francis Pettit Smith, 
 to whom was generally conceded the merit of 
 first applying the screw for the propulsion of 
 vessels. 
 
 — The Sioux Indians again rising against 
 the United States troops. General Sherman 
 instructs the officer in command : — "You will 
 be justified in collecting the most effective force 
 possible, even if you draw cavalry from Fort 
 Riley by rail to Cheyenne, to march to the Red 
 Cloud Agency, striking every party of Indians 
 that opposes. Every Indian who has marauded 
 south of the North Platte should be demanded 
 and held as accomplices in the murder of Lieu- 
 tentant Robinson. Their ponies must be very 
 poor now, and the game must be scarce, so 
 the occasion to give the Sioux a lesson long 
 merited seems to me favourable. My own 
 opinion is that the Sioux should never again 
 have an agency away from the Missouri river." 
 
 13. — The Emperor of Austria arrives at St. 
 Petersburg on a visit to the Czar. 
 
 — Treaty of Fommarah entered into with 
 the King of Ashantee, providing for the pay- 
 ment of an indemnity, the renunciation of supe- 
 riority over certain districts, and the keeping 
 up of a road from Coomassie to the coast for 
 purposes of trade. 
 
 — The Pantechnicon, in Motcomb Street, 
 Belgrave Square, a large building occupying 
 about two acres of ground, and used as a re- 
 pository for furniture and all kinds of goods, 
 destroyed by fire, together with its valuable 
 contents. The fire broke out about 4.30 J^.m., 
 and spread so rapidly that in a very short time 
 all hope was lost of saving any large portion 
 of the property. The pictures of Sir Richard 
 Wallace, M. P. , deposited in the building, were 
 supposed to be worth 150,000/. ; those of Mr. 
 Winn Ellis, 200,000/. ; Sir Seymour Fitzgerald, 
 M.P., 200,000/., many being portraits painted 
 
 135 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Several well-known 
 valuable paintings by Turner and other masters 
 were among those destroyed. People flocked 
 from all parts of London to the scene of the 
 fire, and at one time it was thought as many as 
 100,000 were present in the surrounding streets. 
 Touching the origin of the fire, nothing was 
 ever exactly ascertained. All that the pro- 
 prietors knew was that there was a strong smell 
 of burning in the afternoon, traced to a ware- 
 house on the second floor in the northern ex- 
 tremity of the building, where some goods were 
 found to be on fire close to the wall. The 
 foreman and the workpeople, twenty or thirty 
 in number, at once got out their manual engine 
 and tried to extinguish the flames ; but they 
 had difiioulty in getting water, and were unable 
 to make any visible effect. With the exception 
 of the offices at the main entrance (uninjured), 
 there was not a gaslight on the premises. The 
 building was, as a rule, closed at dusk, and the 
 only lights allowed afterwards were safety- 
 lamps carried by the men, and lighted in a 
 room set apart for that purpose alone. There 
 was a water tank of great size on the roof, 
 while there were smaller tanks on the various 
 floors, and hose ready for use, and a manual 
 fire-engine all kept on the premises. 
 
 14. — Mr. Bouverie writes to his old con- 
 stituents that he had valued their confidence 
 greatly, " and should have been proud to retain 
 it, but I should never have been willing to 
 purchase it, at the cost of my self-respect, by 
 silence at priestly oppression, by subservience 
 to an unscrupulous local faction, or by stimu- 
 lated approbation in Parliament of acts and 
 methods uf administration which, in spite of 
 the prevalence of Liberal opinions, have alien- 
 ated the country, have disorganized the Liberal 
 party, and have at last destroyed a once power- 
 ful Government." 
 
 15. — The Dutch troops make another suc- 
 cessful attack On the Atchinese, and secure, it 
 was thought, the submission of the district west 
 of the Atchin river. 
 
 — - In the course of a discussion in the 
 German Parliament on the new Military Bill, 
 Field-Marshal von Moltke pointed out how 
 necessary it was for every great State, and 
 especially for Germany, to have a numerous 
 and powerful army. "What we acquired in 
 the space of six months we shall have to pro- 
 tect by force of arms for half a century. France 
 is imitating all the German army arrangements. 
 How, then, can we give up what our opponents 
 are adopting? Germany is opposed to any 
 kind of offensive action; it is her duty to act 
 on the defensive." Count von Moltke pro- 
 ceeded to enumerate the measures taken by 
 France for increasing her armament, notwith- 
 standing the fact that the majority of the French 
 people were convinced of the necessity of peace. 
 He concluded by spying : — " We have become 
 a powerful nation, but we remain a peaceable 
 people. We require an army, but not for pur- 
 156 
 
 poses of conquest." The bill was referred to a 
 committee of twenty-eight members. 
 
 16, — The result of the elections placmg the 
 Government in a hopeless minority, a Cabinet 
 Council was called to-day, and a resolution 
 concurred in to resign at once without waiting 
 for the meeting of Parliament. 
 
 — Sir Garnet Wolseley writes that King 
 Koffee had sent a thousand ounces of gold to 
 his camp as a first instalment of indemnity with 
 a request for peace. 
 
 — Dr. Beke reports from the Gulf of 
 Akaba that he has found the true Mount Sinai 
 one day's journey north-east of Akaba. On 
 the summit the traveller found the remains of 
 sacrificed animals, and lower down some Sinaitic 
 inscriptions, whidi he copied. 
 
 17. — Mr.Gladstone waits upon her Majesty at 
 Windsor Castle, and tenders the resignation of 
 himself and colleagues, which her Majesty was 
 graciously pleased to accept. Mr. Disraeli left 
 town soon after eleven o'clock this morning for 
 Windsor Castle, in obedience to the Queen's 
 commands received last evening. The right 
 hon. gentleman arrived at Windsor at noon, 
 and at once proceeded to the Castle. He was 
 much cheered both on his arrival and de- 
 parture. 
 
 — The London " Mission " closed by a 
 thanksgiving service in St. Paul's. 
 
 — More favourable news received of a rain- 
 fall over various parts of the starving districts 
 in Bengal. 
 
 — Advices from Havannah announce that 
 a battle lasting seven hours had been fought at 
 Narango, in the central department, between 
 General Bascones, at the head of 3,000 Spanish 
 troops, and 5,000 insurgents under the com- 
 mand of the Marquis Santalucia. The Cuban 
 insurgents were defeated. The Spaniards lost 
 50 killed and 180 wounded. 
 
 — Information received by way of Calcutta 
 that the Yarkund mission had been favourably 
 received at Kashgar. 
 
 18. — The elections being over, parties were 
 found to be divided thus : — England and Wales, 
 296 Conservatives, 193 Liberals ; Scotland, 19 
 Conservatives, 41 Liberals ; Ireland, 36 Con- 
 servatives, 68 Liberals (including a double 
 return from Athlone, and counting all Home 
 Rulers as Liberals). Total Conservative majo- 
 rity, 51. In the general contest they had won 
 98 seats against 38 by the Liberals. Election 
 petitions were lodged in the case of 21 returns. 
 Of the old members 215 failed to secure re- 
 election. Among the Ministerial candidates 
 recently rejected were Mr. Chichester Kortescue 
 at Louth, and Lord Advocate Young at Wig- 
 town, the latter by a mistake in reckoning up 
 the votes. It was noticed that for the first time 
 since 1829 no Roman Catholic was returned by 
 any English or Scotch constituency. Assuming 
 Louth and Galway as vacant, 49 of the loi 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 Irish seats were filled by Catholics, and 20 of 
 these entered the House for the first time. 
 
 18. — The Emperor of Germany writes to 
 Earl Russell : — "It is incumbent on me to be 
 the leader of my people in a struggle maintained 
 through centuries past by German emperors of 
 earlier days, against a power the domination of 
 which has in no country of the world been 
 found compatible with the freedom and welfare 
 of nations — a power which, if victorious in our 
 days, would imperil, not in Germany alone, 
 the blessings of the Reformation, liberty of 
 conscience, and the authority of the law. I 
 accept the battle thus imposed upon me in ful- 
 filment of my kingly duties and in firm reliance 
 on God, to whose help we look for victory, 
 but also in the spirit of regard for the creed of 
 others and of evangelical forbearance which has 
 been stamped by my forefathers on the laws 
 
 and administration of my States I was 
 
 sure, and I rejoice at the proof afforded me by 
 your letter, that the sympathies of the people 
 of England would not fail me in this struggle — 
 the people of England, to whom my people 
 and my Royal House are bound by the remem- 
 brance of many a past and honourable struggle 
 maintained in common since the days of 
 ■William of Orange." 
 
 — The Deputies from Alsace-Lorraine pro- 
 test before the German Parliament against the 
 annexation of that territory to Germany without 
 consulting the inhabitants. 
 
 19. — At a Home Rule meeting in Dublin, 
 Mr. Butt announces that 59 members pledged 
 to that principle had been returned for Ireland, 
 and 24 by England. 
 
 — Mr. Young, late Lord Advoeate, an- 
 nounced to have accepted a Scotch judgeship 
 in succession to Lord Cowan, retired. 
 
 20. — Mr. Disraeli submits his Cabinet to her 
 M ajcsty, showing himself as First Lord of the 
 Treasury, his colleagues (confined to twelve 
 high officials) being — Lord Chancellor, Lord 
 Cairns ; Lord President of the Council, Duke 
 of Richmond ; Lord Privy Seal, Lord Malmes- 
 bury ; Foreign Affairs, Lord Derby ; India, 
 Lord Salisbury ; the Colonies, Lord Carnarvon ; 
 War, Mr. Gathorne Hardy ; Home, Mr. R. A. 
 Cross; Admiralty, Mr. Ward Hunt; Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer, Sir S. Northcote ; Postmaster- 
 General, Lord John Manners. The following 
 appointments afterwards received the royal 
 sanction :— Attorney-General, Sir John Kars- 
 lake; Solicitor-General, Sir Richard Baggallay; 
 Vice-Pi-esident of the Council, Lord Sandon ; 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, Duke of Abercom ; 
 Chief Secretary for Ireland, Sir Michael H. 
 Beach; Lord Advocate, Mr. E. S. Gordon; 
 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Colonel 
 Taylor; First Commissioner of Works, Lord 
 Henry Lennox ; President of Board of Trade, 
 Sir Charies Adderley ; President of Local 
 Government Board, Mr. Sclater-Booth ; Secre- 
 tary of Local Government Board, Mr. Clare S. 
 Read ; J udge-Advocate and Paymaster-General, 
 
 Mr. Cave ; Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 
 Hon. Robert Bourke ; Under Home Secretary, 
 Sir H. Selwin-Ibbetson ; Under-Secretary, 
 India Office, Lord George Hamilton ; Under- 
 Secretary, Colonial Office, Mr, James Lowther ; 
 Secretary of Admiralty, lion. Algernon Eger- 
 ton ; Civil Lord of the Admiralty, Sir Massey 
 Lopes ; Secretaries to the Treasury, Mr. W. 
 H. Smith and Mr. Hart Dyke. The Royal 
 Household : — Mistress of the Robes, Duchess 
 of Wellington ; Lord Chamberlain, Marquis of 
 Bath ; Master of the Horse, Earl of Bradford. 
 
 — The French Minister of the Interior 
 issues a circular designed to counteract the 
 proceedings of Imperial pirtizans engaged in 
 inviting friends to proceed to England to render 
 homage to the Prince Imperial on coming of 
 age. "Henceforth you will not permit any 
 canvassing in public places to obtain adhesions 
 to the proposed journey to England, or any 
 passionate discussions which might result there- 
 from, and, perhaps, cause regrettable disorder. 
 Our duty is to avert anything that might dis- 
 turb the tranquillity so necessary to all interests, 
 and, above all, those of the working classes in 
 the present commercial and industrial crisis pre- 
 vailing in the country." 
 
 20. — The Prussian House of Lords pass the 
 Civil Marriage Bill by a majority of 89 to 51. 
 
 — Blockade on the northern coast of Spain 
 suspended till Sth March. 
 
 — Died, aged 82, Sir Sydney Cotton, G.C.B., 
 Governor of Chelsea Hospital, a survivor of 
 the Mahratta war of 1817. 
 
 — Collision early this morning near Wigan 
 between the Scotch limited mail and a broken- 
 down coal train, causing the death of the 
 engine-driver and fireman, and a severe shaking 
 to many passengers. 
 
 21. — Legal proceedings instituted by the 
 Pnissian Government against the Moravian 
 Bishop of Olmiitz for transgressing the new 
 ecclesiastical laws in the Silesian parishes 
 belonging to his diocese. 
 
 — At a meeting of the London and North- 
 Western Railway Company, the Chairman 
 states that the directors had adopted the 
 block system up to June 1872, on 266 miles 
 of their main line, and up to December 1873, 
 they had extended the block system to 
 732 miles of their main line, to 78 miles of 
 junction lines, and 135 miles of branch lines ; 
 and they could now boast of having altogether 
 1,200 iniles of their railways worked on the 
 block system. The company ran last year 
 600,000 passenger trains, and there were Ihirtv- 
 five accidents. This year they were running 
 700,000 passenger trains. Out of the thirty- 
 five accidents, twenty-eight had been attributed 
 to the negligence or mistakes of servants. The 
 Chairman contended that on the whole people 
 were safer travelling on the London and North- 
 Western Railway system than they were travel- 
 ling in their own carriages through the streets, 
 walking through the streets, or staying in their 
 
 '57 
 
FEBRUARY 
 
 1874. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 own houses. At the Great Northern meeting 
 the same day, intimation was made that the 
 claims for personal injury, damages, and loss 
 of goods during the year amounted to 24,965/. 
 
 — Severe fighting between the Carlists and 
 Republicans on the heights of Sommorostro. 
 
 22. — Intelligence received of Sir Garnet 
 Wolseley's entry into Coomassie, and the sign- 
 ing of a Ueaty of peace with the Ashantees. 
 The European prisoners, it was also said, had 
 been released and sent off to Cape Coast. 
 
 23. — Intimation given by circular that Par- 
 liament will meet for the election of Speaker 
 and the swearing in of members on the 5th 
 March. 
 
 — Died, aged 60, Shirley Brooks, editor 
 of Punch since 1870, a popular novelist, and 
 writer of many pleasing verses. 
 
 24.-^The new Ministers officially gazetted. 
 It was also announced that the Marquis of 
 Westminster had been created Duke of West- 
 minster. Other elevations at this time were 
 Mr. Chichester Fortescue to be Lord Carling- 
 ford, Mr. Cardwell to be Lord Cardwell of 
 EUerbeck, and Sir John Fakington to be Lord 
 Hampton. 
 
 — By a majority of 9 to 4 the First Division 
 of the Court of Session affirm Lor^ Gifforci's 
 judgment in the Murthly succession case, find- 
 ing that a- marriage had been contracted be- 
 tween the prisoner. Miss Robertson, and the 
 late Major Stewart. 
 
 — Died, aged 76, Rev. Thomas Binney, a 
 popular Nonconformist divine, called to the 
 congregation meeting in the King's Weigh- 
 house, near the Monument, in 1829. 
 
 25. — The Mansion House Indian Famine 
 Relief Fund stated to have reached 25,000/. 
 Most of the other large towns in the kingdom 
 also commence to forward money for the relief 
 of the starving natives. 
 
 — Died, Major Charles Adams, Professor of 
 Military History at the Staff College, Sand- 
 hurst. 
 
 — Decided in the Sheriff Court of Lanark- 
 shire the case of Hopps v. Long, involving the 
 question as to the relations now existing be- 
 tween alleged blasphemy and statute law. 
 The defender, a Unitarian clergyman, had put 
 forth a "Life of Jesus for Young Disciples," 
 which he republished in its entirety with 
 notes and comments at half the cost of the 
 original. The defender alleged that the 
 pursuer could not claim the protection of the 
 law for the book, as it was blasphemous and 
 heretical, denying, tacitly or expressly, the 
 divinity of Christ. To this the pursuer replied 
 that, apart from the fact that it was written by 
 a Unitarian, and set forth the Unitarian view 
 of the Saviour's life, a more unobjectionable 
 book did not exist. Mr. Sheriff Buntine de- 
 clared the interim interdict, which Hopps had 
 obtained, perpetual, and ordered Long to pay 
 
 158 
 
 the costs. He held that the doctrine of Jesus 
 Christ being the second person of the Trinity 
 was statute law, yet the public were entitled 
 to criticise and controvert any part of the 
 statute law, provided they did it in such a way 
 as not to endanger the public peace, safety, or 
 morality. 
 
 26. — Dr. Beke writes to the Times that the 
 mountain which he identified with the Sinai of 
 the Pentateuch was Mount Barghir, one of the 
 principal masses of the chain of mountains 
 bounding the valley of the Arabah on the East, 
 which are marked on our maps as the Moun- 
 tains of Shera, but of which the correct desig- 
 nation is the Mountains of Shafeh ; those of 
 Shera being a chain extending from thati of 
 Shafeh in a direction from north-west to south- 
 east. " My astonishment and gratification may 
 be better imagined than described when I learnt 
 that this Mount Barghir is the same as a mys- 
 terious Jebel-e'-Nur, or 'Mountain of Light,' 
 of which I had heard vaguely in Egypt as being 
 that whereon the Almighty spoke with Moses, 
 and which, from its position and other circum- 
 stances, is without doubt the Sinai of Scrip- 
 ture ; although, from its manifest physical 
 character, it appears that my favourite hypo- 
 thesis of Mount Sinai being a volcano must be 
 abandoned as untenable." 
 
 27. — Lord Cairns sworn in as the new Lord 
 Chancellor. 
 
 — Professor Huxley delivers his address as 
 Lord Rector of Aberdeen University, selecting 
 for his subject "University Education," and 
 earnestly advocating the introduction of physical 
 science in the University curriculum. 
 
 — The Court of Appeal at Paris give judg- 
 ment in the case of Naundorff against the Comte 
 de Chambord, the claimant in this case seeking 
 to have it declared that her son was entitled to 
 all the position and rights which belonged to 
 his father and her husband the Dauphin, son of 
 Louis X VI. , generally believed to have died in 
 the Temple, June 8th 1795, but now alleged to 
 have escaped by a twofold substitution. Satis- 
 fied with the proof of death produced, the Court 
 confirmed the judgment appealed against, and 
 fined the Naundorff heir accordingly. 
 
 28. — End of the Tichborne trial, the Lord 
 Chief Justice concluding his charge to the jury 
 on this the l88th day of investigation. Tiie 
 law, said his lordship, required the unanimous 
 verdict of twelve men before a verdict of guilty 
 or not guilty is pronounced, and if a single I 
 juryman is satisfied, after having given every 
 attention to the case that he cannot find the 
 verdict of the rest, he does right to stand 
 by his conviction. " Then we must recollect 
 that it is his duty to give the case every 
 possible consideration, and he may start 
 with a fair presumption that one individual is 
 more likely to be wrong than the eleven from 
 whom he differs, and think of his own judgement 
 with humility and diffidence." The jury retired 
 at twelve o'clock, and after less than half an 
 
MARCH 
 
 1874. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 hour's absence, returned with a verdict of guilty. 
 The main allegations against the defendant 
 were — i. That he did falsely swear that he 
 was Roger Charles Tichborne ; 2. That he did 
 falsely swear that he had in July or August 
 1851, seduced Catherine Mary Elizabeth 
 Doughty, onlydaughter of Sir Edward Doughty, 
 deceased ; 3. That he did falsely swear*that 
 he was not Arthur Orton, the son of George 
 Orton, of Wapping, deceased. The jury found 
 him guilty on all these three allegations. As 
 a special finding, the jury further desired to 
 "express their opinion that the charges of 
 bribery, conspiracy, and undue influence brought 
 against the prosecution in this case are entirely 
 devoid of foundation, and they regret exceed- 
 ingly the violent language and demeanour of 
 the leading counsel for the defendant in his 
 attacks upon the conduct of the prosecution and 
 upon several of the witnesses produced in the 
 case." The Lord Chief Justice thereupon sen- 
 tenced the Claimant to fourteen years' penal 
 servitude, and pending the charge of perjury 
 against the witness Luie, authorised his removal 
 in the meantime to Newgate. 
 
 March 1. — Bombardment of Bilbao by the 
 Carlists, as many as 200 shells daily being now 
 reported as thrown into the town. 
 
 2. — The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh 
 receive an enthusiastic reception at Berlin on 
 their homeward journey from St. Petersburg to 
 London. 
 
 — Boiler explosion at Alderman Thomson's 
 Mills, Blackburn, causing the death of twelve 
 workpeople, and serious injury to about twenty. 
 
 — Died, aged 86, Dr. Neil Amott, F.R.S., 
 Physician Extraordinary to the Queen, and in- 
 
 ■ ventor of the useful stove and ventilator bearing 
 his name. 
 
 — Died, aged 86, Rev. T. W. Bellamy, 
 B.D., Vicar of Sellinge, Hythe, formerly Head 
 Master of Merchant Taylors' School. 
 
 3. — A proposal being made iri the German 
 Parliament to repeal the clause of the Alsace- 
 Lorraine Administrative Law, giving _ the 
 Governor power to institute a state of siege, 
 Prince Bismarck said: — "We never expected 
 that the Alsatians would greet our institutions 
 with applause. People have to accustom them- 
 selves to foreign institutions, and when you 
 have been with Germany for 200 years, the 
 results of your comparisons will be in Ger- 
 manj-'s favour. From the acquaintance I have 
 made of the gentlemen here, I believe I should 
 seriously endanger my responsibility if I were 
 to diminish the power of the Governor of 
 the Imperial Province. In France there are 
 twenty-eight Departments in a state of siege. 
 Remember how we came to annex Alsace- 
 Lorraine. What we required was a bulwark 
 to defend our rights. The Alsatians are cer- 
 tainly not free from blame for what has 
 occurred. They participated in the restless- 
 ness which led to the war that broke out 
 against us." 
 
 3. — The Duke of Abercorn sworn in as Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland at Dublin Castle. 
 
 — Ex-Lord Advocate Young takes his seat 
 in the Scotch Outer House, and formally hears 
 two cases as Lord Probationer. 
 
 — Official announcement of the new peer- 
 ages, Mr. Cardwell as Viscount Cardwell of 
 Ellerbeck ; Mr. Chichester Fortescue as Baron 
 Carlingford of Carlingford ; Sir T. Freemantle 
 as Baron Cottesloe of Swanbourn ; and Mr. E. 
 Hammond as Baron Hammond of Kirkella. 
 Viscount Sydney was also advanced to the dig- 
 nity of an Earl in recognition of his services as 
 Lord Chamberlain of Her Majesty's House- 
 hold. 
 
 — Died at Brighton, aged 64, Dr. Forbes 
 Winslow, among the first authorities on brain 
 disease, and for many years editor of the 
 ' ' Quarterly Journal of Psychological Medicine 
 and Mental Pathology." 
 
 — The Dutch troops reported to have been 
 so successful at Atchin as tg lead most of the 
 Sultan's allies to withdraw their aid. 
 
 4. — The "reception" of M. OUivier s.id 
 to be indefinitely postponed by the French 
 Academy on the ground of the eulogistic tri- 
 bute he intended offering to the memory of the 
 late Emperor. " Had Lamartine," he wrote, 
 "known him better, had he had experience 
 of his great heart, of the charm and justness 
 of his mind, of the gentleness of his cha- 
 racter ; if he had become the confidant of his 
 thoughts solely directed to the public good and 
 to the relief of those who suffer ; if he had 
 been witness to the loyalty with which he put 
 in practice the freest institutions our country 
 had yet known ; if he had beheld him modest 
 in prosperity and august after misfortune, he 
 would have done more than render him justice, 
 he would have loved him." 
 
 — The vitamer Bothnia, 4, 500 tons burthen, 
 the largest of the Cunard fleet, launched from 
 the yard of Messrs. Thomson, at Dalmuir, on 
 the Clyde. 
 
 — Under the signature "E.P.B.," the late 
 member for the Kilmarnock burghs contributes 
 to the Times a "Chapter of Contemporary 
 History," in which a parallel or contrast was 
 drawn between the recent Liberal defeat and 
 the result of several former general elections. 
 The writer thought there had been "no Liberal 
 defeat like this since 1 7 10, when Dr. Sacheverell 
 was rashly impeached, at the instance of some 
 angry Whig Ministers, and in spile of the 
 prudent counsels of Lord Somers, and when 
 the Tory Ministiy, who then replaced them, 
 unexpectedly dissolved the Parliament, in order 
 to catch the ball of popularity at its bound. 
 That election resulted in a decisive Tory vic- 
 tory." Having referred to the elections of 
 1784, 1841, and 1865, he proceeded to accuse 
 Mr. Gladstone of having " at one blow (the 
 dissolution) destroyed both his Administration 
 and his party, and thev are both wiped out of 
 
 159 
 
MARCH 
 
 1874. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 existence." He next endeavoured to account 
 for the failure of the Government : "I say 
 nothing of its minor delinquencies, of its fail- 
 ures in administration — these, though remark- 
 able in men of conspicuous talent, do not tell 
 ▼ery widely or deeply on general national 
 opinion ; but I set dovirn the failure to the 
 wounds which it has inflicted on the great 
 characteristic attrihutes of the Enghsh people 
 — their pride, their jealous reverence for esta- 
 blished institutions, their singular love of mode- 
 ration." On this last head " E. P. B." wrote, 
 "If in the daily conduct of ordinary public 
 business a Prime-Minister should fail to create 
 confidence in his steady good sense and mode- 
 ration by a constant exhibition of those gifts, 
 the occasion will surely be seized by them, as 
 it has been just now, to show that they no 
 longer trust him, but that they wish for some 
 other Minister, who can better appreciate their 
 peculiar national instiiicts and represent their 
 national character." 
 
 4. — Canon Gregory's motion to prohibit the 
 London School Board from erecting new schools 
 near denominational ones presently in existence 
 rejected by 24 votes to 21. 
 
 S. — The new Parliament opened by Com- 
 mission, and Mr. Brand unanimously elected 
 Speaker on the motion of Mr. Chaplin, seconded 
 by Lord George Cavendish. Mr. Gladstone 
 was also present, and spoke strongly in favour 
 of the nomination. Next day Mr. Brand pre- 
 sented himself in the House of Lords for formal 
 acceptance by her Majesty, and in name of the 
 Commons laid claim to the exercise of their 
 undoubted rights and privileges. ' ' I humbly, " 
 he said, "petition her Majesty that she will 
 be graciously pleased to allow us freedom of 
 speech in debate, freedom from arrest for our 
 persons and servants, and, above all, freedom 
 of access to her Majesty's royal person when- 
 ever occasion may require ; and that the best 
 construction may be put upon all our pro- 
 ceedings. For myself, my lords, I desire 
 that the most favourable construction may 
 be put upon my acts, and that whatever 
 I may do in error may be attributed to my- 
 • self alone, and not to her Majesty's faithful 
 Commons." The Lord Chancellor rejoined : 
 " Mr. Speaker, we have it further in command 
 to inform you that her Majesty doth most readily 
 confirm all the rights and privileges which have 
 ever been granted to her Majesty's Commons 
 by any of her Royal predecessors. With re- 
 spect to yourself, sir, though her Majesty is 
 sensible that you stand in no need of such 
 assurance, her Majesty will ever p>it the most 
 favourable construction on your words and 
 actions." The Speaker retired, and the Lord 
 Chancellor then took his seat on the woolsack. 
 New members were thereafter sworn in, and 
 writs authorized to be issued for vacancies 
 occasioned by acceptance of oiiSce. 
 
 — The Claimant's witness Luie or Lund- 
 gren again examined at Bow Street, and com- 
 160 
 
 mitted on a charge of perjury extending over 
 his entire evidence in the Tichbome case. 
 
 6. — The two Houses of Convocation of Can- 
 terbury attend Divine service in St. Paul's, and 
 afterwards hold a brief sederunt for the trans- 
 action of business. In the Lower House, Arch- 
 deacon Bickersteth, re-elected Prolocutor for 
 the fourth time, reviewed the work of Convo- 
 cation during the last five years, and expressed 
 satisfaction that the English Church condemned 
 both the way in which the so-called CEcumeniCal 
 Council was called together and the conclusions 
 at which it arrived. The Athanasian Creed, 
 by means of the Synodical Declaration, he 
 regarded as set at rest for at least a generation, 
 and he then passed on to speak of the great 
 work set on foot at the last Convocation — the 
 revision of the English version of the Holy 
 Scriptures — and said that labour of deep anxiety 
 and responsibility, unless the existence of this 
 Convocation were cut prematurely short by 
 some convulsion, would by it be presented to 
 the critical judgment of Biblical students. 
 
 — Stewart's cotton mill, Musselburgh, de- 
 stroyed by fire, with much valuable machinery. 
 
 7. — News received of the burning of Coo- 
 massie, and flight of King Kofiee. 
 
 — The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh 
 arrive at Gravesend fi-om Antwerp, and pro- 
 ceed to Windsor amid great manifestations^ of 
 public enthusiasm. 
 
 — In a letter to the Emperor Francis Joseph, 
 the Pope protests against the Church in Austria 
 being handed over to dishonourable servitude, 
 and his Catholic subjects visited with deep 
 afHiction. His Holiness in another letter con- 
 demned the new ecclesiastical laws as designed 
 to bring the Church into most ruinous sub- 
 jection to the arbitrary power of the State. 
 He admitted that the Austrian laws appeared 
 moderate as compared with those enacted by 
 Prussia, but they were of the same spirit and 
 character, and paved the way for the destruc- 
 tion of the Church in Austria as well as in 
 Prussia. The Pope renewed his protest against 
 the rupture of the Concordat, and described the 
 assertion that a change was brought about in 
 the Church by the promulgation of the dogma 
 of Infallibility as a pernicious pretext. 
 
 9. — The French National Assembly, by a 
 majority of 41 votes, agree to impose a tax of 
 five per cent, on all goods conveyed by luggage 
 trains. — M. Ledru-RoUin took his seat in the 
 Assembly to-day. 
 
 — Henderson's jute-works, Dundee, de- 
 stroyed by fire. 
 
 10. — The German Federal Council gives its 
 sanction to the Ecclesiastical Bill proposed by 
 Government providing for the punishment of 
 refractory bishops. 
 
 — MM. de Lesseps and Baranowski submit 
 to the Russian Government a definite scheme 
 for the construction of a Russian and Central 
 
MARCH 
 
 1874. 
 
 MARCH, 
 
 Asian railway. They proposed that the line 
 should go by Saratov and KiefF rather than by 
 Orenburg and Katharinenburg. 
 
 10. — The Parliament of Victoria dissolved, 
 the Ministry appealing to the colony on the one 
 issue of constitutional reform. They desired, 
 it was said, to bring both Chambers of the 
 Legislature in harmony, and proposed the Nor- 
 wegian plan — that on the rejection of bills by 
 either House, both Houses should sit'together 
 to consider such bills. 
 
 11. — Died at Washington, aged 63, Charles 
 Sumner, an eminent American politician. 
 
 — The Record announces (mistakenly) the 
 intended resignation of the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury. 
 
 — King Koffee's state umbrella, taken from 
 the Royal Palace at Coomassie, presented to 
 the Queen at Windsor by Lieutenant Wood, 
 who had been commissioned by Sir Garnet 
 Wolseley to bring the trophy to this coimtiy 
 "as a humble tribute of the dutiful respect and 
 affection borne to her Majesty by the military 
 and naval forces engaged in the war." 
 
 12. — To modify various disquieting rumours 
 regarding the leadership of the Liberal party, 
 Mr. Gladstone writes to Earl Granville : — " For 
 a variety of reasons personal to myself 1 could 
 not contemplate any unlimited extension of 
 active political service ; and I am anxious that 
 it should be clearly understood by those friends 
 with whom I have acted in the direction of 
 affairs that at my age I must reserve my entire 
 freedom to divest myself of all the responsi- 
 bilities of leadership at no distant time. The 
 need of rest wiU prevent me from giving more 
 than occasional attendance in the House of 
 Commons during the present session. I should 
 be desirous, shortly before the commencement 
 of the session of 1875, '° consider whether there 
 would be advantage in my placing my services 
 for a time at the disposal of the Liberal party, 
 or whether I should then claim exemption from 
 the duties I have hitherto discharged. If, how- 
 ever, there should be reasonable ground for 
 believing that, instead of the course which I 
 have sketched, it would be preferable in 
 the view of the party generally, for me to 
 assume at once the place of an independent 
 member, I should willingly adopt the latter 
 alternative. " Replying to an address from the 
 Liberals of Tunstall, Mr. Gladstone wiote : — 
 " I do not disguise from myself the importance 
 of the verdict given at the late election, either 
 as regards myself personally or in other and 
 more important respects, but I neither can 
 repent having confided in the people nor cease 
 . to confide in them similarly with reference to 
 the contingencies of the future." 
 
 — The Queen, accompanied by the Duke 
 and Duchess of Edinburgh and the Princess 
 Beatrice, makes a state journey through London 
 from Paddington to Buckingham Palace, by 
 way of Edgware Road, Oxford and Regent 
 Streets, Waterloo Place, Charing Cross, White- 
 
 161 
 
 hall, through the Horse Guards, and along the 
 Mall. The decorations were abundant and 
 elaborate, and the enthusiasm of the countless 
 thousands through which the royal cortege 
 passed apparently unchecked by the chilling 
 frost or drifting snow showers. In the evening 
 the City was brilliantly illuminated. 
 
 13. — Came on before Vice-Chancellor Malins 
 the case of Dr. Hayman, of Rugby, in the foim 
 of a notice of motion that the Governing Body 
 of the school might be restrained by an order 
 of court for removing or dismissing the plaintiff 
 from his office, and from electing any person in 
 his place, or from taking any proceeding at law 
 or otherwise for ejecting the plaintiff from his 
 office and residence. That was demurred to, 
 and it lay with the defendants to,support their 
 demurrer. The case continued before the court 
 till the 2 1 St. 
 
 — Soliciting the honour of re-election from 
 his Buckinghamshire constituents, Mr. Disraeli ■ 
 writes from Downing Street, that in forming a 
 new Administration he had recommended to the 
 Queen " a body of gentlemen who will uphold 
 the institutions of the country and defend the 
 rights of every class of her Majesty's subjects. 
 My acceptance of the office of First Lord of 
 the Treasury vacates my seat ; but as I cannot 
 believe that the favour of our Sovereign can be 
 any bar to the renewed confidence of a con- 
 stituency which I have served more than a 
 quarter of a century, I again solicit the high 
 and honourable trust of being your member in 
 the House of Commons." 
 
 14. — James Brown, eating-house keeper, 
 Shadwell, known in the Tichbome case as 
 "Captain" Brown, examined by Sir T. Henry 
 on the charge of perjury. He was afterwards 
 committed for trial. 
 
 15. — Sunday demonstration in Hyde Park 
 in favour of the release of Fenian prisoners, 
 and resolutions passed calling upon Mr. Dis- 
 raeli to use his influence with her Majesty for 
 that purpose. 
 
 16. — Bonapartist demonstration at Chisel- 
 hurst on occasion of the Prince Imperial com- 
 pleting his eighteenth year, the age fixed by 
 French law for his majority, and when he for- 
 mally assumed the position of head and chief 
 of his dynasty. The multitude which flocked 
 out of London had its strength recruited from 
 every department throughout France, and its 
 members were furnished by no one special 
 class of society, but from all ranks and orders 
 in the social scale, from the working man in 
 his blouse to the senator and officer of the 
 Legion of Honour. For days past they had 
 been coming across the Channel, undeterred by 
 the inconvenience of the passage, and train 
 after train, as it arrived at Charing Cross, had 
 been loaded far beyond its powers by crowds 
 of French visitors. Of eighty-seven Prefects 
 under the Empire, sixty-five were described 
 as present at the fete. Tiie proceedings com- 
 menced with a service in the small church of 
 Hi 
 
MARCH 
 
 1874. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 St. Marie, followed by the presentation of an 
 address to the Prince Imperial, who replied to 
 the same, and a reception of deputations, who 
 in some instances had travelled from the ex- 
 treme parts of France to offer their gifts and 
 congratulations. The Prince was interrupted 
 by loud acclamations when he spoke of the 
 President of the French Republic as the 
 "former companion of the glories and mis- 
 fortunes of my father." Still louder cheers 
 interrupted him when he claimed a plebiscite 
 in order to settle the foundations of Govern- 
 ment in France, and spoke of the plebiscite as 
 at once the "safety" and the "right" of 
 France. The audience again broke out into 
 shouts when he declared that if the name of 
 Napoleon should issue for the eighth time from 
 the voting urns, he was ready to accept the 
 responsibility imposed upon him by will of the 
 nation. 
 
 16. — Several Government elections to-day, 
 in all cases without opposition. At Oxford a 
 Conservative candidate was carried in room of 
 Viscount Cardwell, Mr. Hall polling 2,554 
 votes against 2,092 given to Mr. Lewis, 
 Liberal, 
 
 — Carlist victory near Olot, Saballs cap- 
 turing General Nouvilas with his column of 
 2,500 men, 104 guns, and 130 horses. 
 
 17. — The ship Priiutss Tomawatty run down 
 and sunk in Gravesend Reach by the steamer 
 Indus, from Southampton. 
 
 — Increasing distress reported from the 
 famine-stricken districts of Bengal. At Tir- 
 hoot the number of persons applying at the 
 relief works had risen from 20,000 to 100,000 
 in ten days. 
 
 — Died at Cannes, whither he had retired 
 for the benefit of his health, John Candlish, a 
 leading Nonconformist, andM. P. for Sunder- 
 jand in the last Parliament. 
 
 19. — The Corporation of the City of London 
 present an address of congratulation to the 
 Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh. Numerous 
 other addresses were received at this time by 
 the Queen and their Royal Highnesses from 
 Universities, Corporations, and other public 
 bodies. 
 
 — Marshal Macmahon thanks the Due de 
 Broglie for a speech in the Assembly, in which 
 he had so well described ' ' the rights conferred 
 and the duties imposed upon me by the con- 
 fidence of the Assembly during the seven years." 
 Following this letter the Official journal re- 
 printed the Marshal's speech to the Tribunal of 
 Commerce: — "The Assembly on the 19th of 
 January entrusted power to me for seven years. 
 My first duty is to look to the execution of this 
 sovereign decision. Be not uneasy, therefore. 
 
 162 
 
 During the seven years I shall be able to make 
 the order of things legally established respected 
 by all." 
 
 19. — Dr. Pusey writes to the Times in de- 
 preciation of the legislative action which he 
 supposes is intended by the bishops against 
 Ritualists. He defined his own position as 
 that of "no Ritualist, although bound to many 
 Ritualists by affection and by their labour for 
 souls," and begged the bishops to be slow in 
 entering upon a line of action which, once 
 entered upon, would be in'evocable. "llie 
 Judicial Committee has included in its censures 
 too many to be trodden out. As things are, 
 they who would extirpate us would be obliged 
 to leave their work undone. Endurance is 
 stronger than infliction. There are t<30 many, 
 even for a summary process to sever from their 
 flocks. Yet where there is one common ofience, 
 the judge who spares any condemns himself for 
 not having spared all. " 
 
 — Parliament opened by Commission, the 
 Lord Chancellor reading a Royal Message 
 having reference to the marriage of the Duke 
 of Edinburgh, the termination of the war in 
 Africa, and the steps taken for relieving the 
 intensity of the famine in Bengal. Legislation 
 was promised regarding the transfer of land, a 
 re-arrangement of the judicature in Scotland 
 and Ireland, improvement of the Master and 
 Servants Act of 1871, (so far as the law of con- 
 spiracy was concerned), and the Act of last year 
 regulating the sale of intoxicating drinks. In 
 the Lords the Address was moved by Lord 
 Lothian and seconded by Lord Cadogan, and 
 in the Commons by Sir W. Stirling-Maxwell 
 and Mr. R. Callender. Replying to an obser- 
 vation that the recent dissolution was an elabo- 
 rate surprise — "a pit dug for the Conservatives 
 into which the Liberals had fallen " — Mr. Glad- 
 stone said the justification of the dissolution was 
 its result, showing a larger transfer of seats from 
 one party to the other than had ever occurred 
 since 183 1. Though he could not but think the 
 decision of the constituencies wrong, he ad- 
 mitted that it was emphatic. The present 
 Government had acceded to power by the act 
 of the country, and it had every title, therefore, 
 to be fairly tried, without any factious oppo- 
 sition, and to have the opportunity of placing 
 its policy and its principles before the country. 
 — Mr. Disraeli replied, that although he thought 
 Mr. Gladstone's reasons for not having called 
 Parliament together before commencing the 
 Ashantee expedition fallacious, he preferred 
 not to enter into any captious controversy on a 
 war which must be regarded as concluded, and 
 in which the skill and energy of our commander 
 and the admirable qualities of our soldiers had 
 been so signally displayed. Neither did he 
 think it incumbent on him to enter into Mr. 
 Gladstone's defence of the dissolution. With 
 its results Mr, Disraeli said he was quite 
 satisfied. 
 
INDEX. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abercom, Lord-Lieutenant, 159. 
 Aberdare, Lord, 130. 
 About, Edmond, arrested, 83. 
 Adelaide telegraph, 87. 
 Aghtcouri court-martial, 33, 36. 
 Alabatna committee, 50. 
 Alabama claims, 17, 54. 
 
 Granville to Fisk, 55, 64. 
 
 Lord Redesdale on, 56, 57. 
 
 Fisk to Granville, 59, 66. 
 
 Geneva arbitration, 67, 69, 70, 71, 
 72. 73. 74. 
 
 settlement, 83. 
 
 indemnity paid, 132, 
 Albert Bridge, Chelsea, 130. 
 Albert Hall opened, 8, i-j. 
 Albrecht, marriage of Prince, 114. 
 Alcohol manifesto, 52. 
 Alexandra Palace opened, 118. 
 Alexandra Palace deaths, 130. 
 Alford, Dean, statue, 34. 
 Alice, Princess, son killed, iig. 
 Alsace "option," 84. 
 Alsace-Lorraine election, 153, 157, 159. 
 Amadeus, Prince, 119. 
 Arctic expedition, 99. 
 Argyll, Duke of — 
 
 on Sir A. Cockbum, 57. 
 
 on Lord Mayo, 153. 
 Argyll, Bishop of, 148. 
 Army, royal warrant, 33, 44. 
 Army grievances, r36. 
 Amim, Count, 52. 
 Arthur, Prince. 22, 33. 
 Arthur, Prince, 130. 
 Ascension Day, 13. 
 Assam, empire of. zii. 
 Ashantee War — 
 
 attack on Elmlna, 120. 
 
 ambuscade on the Prah, 129, 132. 
 
 appointments, 130. 
 
 blockade proclaimed, 131, 
 
 stafif leave, 132. 
 
 Sir Garnet Wolseley's address, 134. 
 
 successes, 138, 
 
 native attack, 139. 
 
 Earl Grey on War, 139. 
 
 despatches, 143. 
 , advance on Prashu, 146. 
 
 battle of Amoaful, 152, 
 
 submission, 153. 
 
 Coomassie entered, 154, 158, 160. 
 
 objects secured, 154. 
 
 Treaty of Fommanah, 155. 
 V indemnity, 156. 
 
 Royal umbrella, 161. 
 Association, British — 
 
 Places. Presidents. 
 
 1871 Edinburgh Sir W. Thomson, 
 
 34- 
 
 1872 Brighton Dr Carpenter, 80 
 
 1873 Bradford Prof. Williamson. 
 
 1874 Belfast Prof. Tyndall. 
 Assyrian tablets, 118. 
 
 Atchinese War, 112, 114, 119, 150, 156, 
 
 159* 
 Athanasian creed, e6^ 68, 69, 75, 76, 
 93, loi, 104- 
 M 2 
 
 Aurora disturbances, 98. 
 Austria — 
 
 Ministerial changes, 44. 
 
 Reichsrath opened, 50, 139. 
 
 Emperor's anniversary, 143. 
 
 at St. Petersburg, 155. 
 
 Pope's letter, 160. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bach's " St. John," 64. 
 Baird Trust Gift, 128. 
 Baker, Sir S.— 
 
 rumoured calamity to, 114, 115. 
 
 safety of, 122, 135. 
 
 at Geographical Society, 144. 
 
 at Brighton, 148, 
 Baldacchino case, 129, 145. 
 Ballot, first contest, 80, 107. 
 Bankruptcy jury trial, 4. 
 Bank of England forgeries, 105, 113, 
 
 130* 131- 
 Bank holidays, 25. 
 Bates, Serjeant, 93. 
 Bavaria and Germany, 139. 
 " Beggar's League," 83, 
 Beethoven centenary, 36. 
 Bellemere, Gen., censured, 138. 
 Berlin monument, 44. 
 Bethlehem church dispute, 109. 
 Betting offences, 92. 
 Bicycle feat, tsi. 
 Eilliar-d match, 12. 
 Birmingham conference, 48. 
 Bismarck, Prince — 
 
 on Ultramontanism, 82. 
 
 resignation, 95, 124. 
 
 honours, 97. 
 
 Prussian ministers, 140. 
 
 defence in Lower House, 148. 
 
 on Alsace-Lorraine, 159. 
 Boat-race — 
 
 Anglo-American, 72. 
 Botanic Society's j^^e, 75. 
 Bothnia^ launch, 159, 
 Bouverie, E. P., on Gladstone defeat, 
 
 156, ISP- 
 Bradford Mechanics' Institute, 40. 
 Brand, Speaker, elected, 57, 160. 
 
 addresses tenantry, 81. 
 Brazil — 
 
 Emancipation bill, 40. 
 
 Emperor in England, 30. 
 
 Bishops punished, 146. 
 Brest scandal, 82. 
 Briel anniversary, 64. 
 Bright, John — 
 
 on constitution, 65. 
 
 presentation, 75. 
 
 representation and land, 99. 
 
 Chancellor of Duchy, 133, 134. 
 
 at Birmingham, 137. 
 
 on Free Land, 138, 
 
 on " Residuum," 144. 
 
 at Birmingham, 152. 
 Brighton poisoning, 37. 
 
 aquariurn, 79, 
 
 library, 132, 
 Brock, Rev. William, 84. 
 
 Brussels Bourse, 146. 
 Buenos Ayres, fever, 12. 
 Burdett-Coutts, Baroness, 24, 76, 148. 
 Burmese ambassadors, 71, 73, 102. 
 Burning, death from, 115. 
 Bute, marriage of Marquis, 67. 
 
 lecture, 125. 
 Burton, Consul, 83. 
 Byles, Sir William, 152. 
 Byron, Lady, controversy,' 12, 13. 
 
 C. 
 
 Caird, Principal, 147. 
 Cairns, Lord Chancellor, 158. 
 Cambridge, Duke of— 
 
 on grievances, loi. 
 
 assaulted, 147. 
 Cambridge Commission, 52. 
 
 Vice-chancellor, 89. 
 Canterbury, Archbishop of— 
 
 on comprehension, 89, 
 
 rumoured resignation, 161. 
 Captain relief fund, 8. 
 Cardwell at Oxford, 57, 
 
 reconstruction of Army Bill, 59. 
 Carlyle, T., honours to, 146. 
 Catholic protest, 76. 
 Catholic (old) Congress, 83. 
 CavQur monument, 139. 
 Census taken, 10. 
 Central Asia boundaries, 86, 104. 
 
 dispute, 1x5. 
 
 railway scheme, 160. 
 Chaldean inscription, 93. 
 Challenger expedition, 133. 
 Chambord, Count de, 132, 137, 138. 
 
 demonstration, 59. 
 
 manifesto, 86, loz. 
 Changamier, proceedmgs against, 23. 
 Chesterfield, letters, 145. 
 Chicago, fire, 41, 44. 
 Childers, retirement of, 3. 
 
 Chancellor of Duchy, 79. 
 China, marriage of Emperor, 8^, 
 
 ambassador received, 122. 
 Chinese labourers killed, 149. 
 Chiselhurst fete, 129. 
 
 demonstration, 161. 
 Choral festival, 13S. 
 Church, Dean, 37. 
 Church defence, 51, 58, 65, 7/. 
 Church Congress— 
 
 1872, Leeds, 85. 
 
 1873, Bath, 
 
 1874, Brighton. 
 
 Civil Service Stores, 94, loi 
 Clearing-house returns, 77. 
 Coals, rise in price of, 77, loi, 
 Cobden, R., on small holdings, 97, 98. 
 
 Club dinner, 29. 
 Cockbum, Chief-Justice, on Collier 
 
 appointment, 43, 47. 
 
 on Alabama claims, 83. 
 Coleridge, Sir J.— 
 
 on Liberal Party, 87, 88. 
 
 on Counsel in Queen z\ Cotton, 106, 
 
 Chief-Justice, 140. 
 i6t 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Colliery Accidents— 
 
 Bryn Hall, Wigan, 119. 
 
 Ebbw Vale, 3. 
 
 Kelsall Hall, 91. 
 
 Marley, 85. 
 
 Moss, Wigan, 37. 
 
 Oakwood, 53. 
 
 Seaham, 44 
 
 Talke, 104. 
 
 Wynnstay, Ruabon, 115. 
 Collier, Justice, 44, 45, 49. 
 Collisions at Sea— 
 
 Alabama and Abeonat 128. 
 
 BaltuKore and Lorenzo Sem^rttn, 
 70. 
 
 Chacohuco and Torch, 105. 
 
 David Bunt and Earl Percy, 17. 
 
 Kestrel z.Ti& Frankland^ 14. 
 
 Madagascar 3.V1A Widgeon, 32. 
 
 Murillo and Nortkjleet, 100. 
 
 Nortkianberland and Hercules^ g6. 
 
 Parthia and Emiliano, 60. 
 
 Providence, 42. 
 Columbia market, 44. 
 Colquhoun, Sir James, drowned, 145. 
 Comedie Francaise Company, 31. 
 Comet discovered, 123, 
 Consort Prince, anniversary of death, 
 
 50. 
 Convocation, 56, 68, 69, 75, 4. 103, 10 
 
 Athanasian Creed, 117. 
 
 conference, 117. 
 
 confession, 126. 
 
 work done, 160. 
 Cooper's Hill College, 34, 
 Cooke, T. P. prize. 76. 
 Copernicus anniversary, 103. 
 Corinth, Isthmus of, 128. 
 Cowper memorial window, 74. 
 Cruikshank and Dickens, 56. 
 Crystal Palace — 
 
 Prince of Wales festival, 69. 
 Cuban disturbances, 156. 
 Cullen, Cardinal, en Education, 5n, 
 
 107. 
 
 Pastoral, 128. 
 Cumming, Dr., hoax, loa. 
 Curates' augmentation, 117. 
 Cyclone, Madras, 69. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dalling, Ix>rd, 6. 
 
 Davy statue, 86. 
 
 Deerhound detention, 122, 129, 133. 
 
 Denison inhibition, 55. 
 
 School inspection, 64. 
 
 on the Catholic element, 130. 
 
 on Disestablishment, 134. 
 Denison, Speaker, retires, 50, 56. 
 
 Lord Ossmgton, 57. 
 
 death, 107. 
 Denman, Justice, 86. 
 Deptford market, 50. 
 Derby free library, 42. 
 Derby, Earl— 
 
 on Conservative policy, 52. 
 
 on state railways, 121. 
 
 on black men, 136. 
 Discount rate, 2, 91, 139. 
 Disestablishment conference, 84. 
 Dilke, Sir C, on royalty, 44, 47. 
 Disraeli, Right Honourable B. — 
 
 on her Majesty, 39. 
 
 early writings, 43. 
 
 Lord Rector, Glasgow, 46. 
 
 at Manchester, 65. 
 
 at Crystal Palace, 73. 
 
 Irish University Bill, 108. 
 
 sent for by her Majesty, 109. 
 
 declines of&ce, 109. 
 
 on the Tory party, no. 
 
 on Burial Bill, X12. 
 
 on Metropolitan Constituencies, 117, 
 
 Bath letter, 134. 
 164 
 
 Disraeli, continued — 
 Rectorial address at Glasgow, 140. 
 at Conservative Association, 141. 
 announces meeting of Parliament, 
 
 dissolution address, 150. 
 
 at Aylesbury, 152. 
 
 Argyll correspondence, 153. 
 
 at Newport Pagnell, 153. 
 
 at Buckingham, 155. 
 
 accepts office, 157. 
 
 re-election, 161. 
 
 on New Parliament, 162. 
 Dullinger excommunication, 13, 21, 
 
 at Oxford, 27, 
 
 declaration, 28. 
 
 rector of Munich, 33, 50. 
 Drownings — 
 
 Avoch, 28. 
 
 Crawford, Mary, 53. 
 
 Cumbrae, 82 
 
 Hartlepool, 17. 
 
 Illinois (bridge), 116. 
 
 Lochlomond, 145. 
 
 Moulsey, West, 145. 
 
 Santander, 139. 
 
 Tyne, 146. 
 
 Windermere, 130. 
 
 Woolwich, 138. 
 Dubourg, death of ^., 68. 
 Due de Aumale — 
 
 on Montalembert, 113. 
 Ducrot, General, 143. 
 Duels— 
 
 Ranc and Cassagnac, 123. 
 
 About and Herv6, 129. 
 
 ManteufFel and GrOben, 143. 
 Dufferin, Lord Clandeboye, 44. 
 Dumas, remains of, 67. 
 
 Earthtiuakes — 
 
 Antioch, 65. 
 
 Bathang, iz. 
 
 England, 5. 
 
 Malay Archipelago, 3. 
 
 St. Thomas, 36. 
 Eclipse, 49. 
 Edinburgh, Duke of— 
 
 at Rome, X14. 
 
 marriage, xiS, 124, 125, 127, 149. 
 
 at St. Petersburg, 146, 149. 
 
 at Berlin, 159. 
 
 return, 160. 
 
 entry into London, 161. 
 
 addresses to, 162. 
 Education Union, loi. 
 
 League, 123. 
 
 National Society, 123. 
 
 Forster on, 142. 
 Education Bill, ballot, 135. 
 Elections, new — 
 
 Bath, 135. 
 
 Dover, 47. 
 
 East Staffordshire, 129. 
 
 Exetar, 144. 
 
 Greenwich, 128. 
 
 Hull, 137. 
 
 Limerick (Butt), 38. 
 
 North Notts, 59, 
 
 North West-Riding, 55. 
 
 Plymouth, 47. 
 
 Renfrewshire, 132. 
 
 Shaftesbury, 131. 
 
 Stroud, 147. 
 
 Taunton, 135, 147, 151, 
 
 West Surrey, 36. 
 Ely celebration, 136. 
 Emma Mine Company, 104. 
 Emanuel Hospital, 117. 
 England, Church of— 
 
 Romanist teaching, 121, ra?. (See 
 
 Convocation.) 
 Euphrates railway, 113. 
 
 European Assurance, 53, 88. 
 Exhibition, London, 40, 68. 
 
 Dublin, 71, 
 
 Vienna, 115, 138. 
 Executions — 
 
 Campbell, Michael, 14. 
 
 Communist Generals, 47. 
 
 Cotton, "poisoner," iii. 
 
 Durham, 147. 
 
 Gloucester, 147. 
 
 Holmes, Charles, 79. 
 
 Maidstone, 79. 
 
 Montgomery, inspector, 131. 
 
 Shere AH, 63. 
 Explosions — 
 
 Agra Fort, 47. 
 
 Blackburn, 159. 
 
 Camborne, 64. 
 
 Carthagena, 147. 
 
 Chelsea, 40. 
 
 Engine, Glasgow, 57. 
 
 FaveVsham, 55. 
 
 Glasgow, 142. 
 
 Greenwich, 54. 
 
 Hounslow (powder), 82. 
 
 Lambeth (fireworks), 139. 
 
 Morges, 3. 
 
 Oceamts, 66. 
 
 Oswestry, 71. 
 
 Paris, 22. 
 
 Roslin, powder, 70. 
 
 Ruth brigantine, 43. 
 
 Stowmarket, 35. 
 
 Tradeston, Glasgow, 75. 
 
 Whitehall (gun-cotton), 77, 
 
 Famine in Persia, 47. 
 Female intimidation, 118. 
 
 Remains found, 132. 
 Fenians in Canada, 42. 
 
 prisoners, 161. 
 Ferguson, Sir James, 106. 
 Fires — 
 
 Alexandra Palace, 120, 130. 
 
 America, 80. 
 
 Antrim House, 743. 
 
 Ardverikie, 136. 
 
 Baltimore, 127. 
 
 Berkeley Square, iig. 
 
 Boston, 90, 119. 
 
 Burlington Arcade, 35. 
 
 Canterbury cathedral, 8 r. 
 
 Chicago, 41. 132. 
 
 City flour mills, gi, 92, 
 
 Derry castle, 67. 
 
 Don Juan, slaver, 27. 
 
 Dundee, I'^o. 
 
 Dusseldorf, 64. 
 
 Escurial, 84. 
 
 Exeter, 133. 
 
 Forest, 42 
 
 Glasgow, 64. 
 
 Holkar Hall, 5. 
 
 Hayfield cotton mill, 43. 
 
 Kentish Town, 8x. 
 
 Lafayette, 39. 
 
 Leith pier, 48. 
 
 Lichfield, go. 
 
 Lisbon, Embassy, 151. 
 
 Liverpool, 103. 
 
 Lorraine museum, 32. 
 
 Manchester Athenajum, 133. 
 
 Marland mill, 76. 
 
 Miles Platting, 115. 
 
 Melkshott, Romsey, 78. 
 
 Musselburgh, 160. 
 
 Nagpore, 140. 
 
 New York hotel, 94. 
 
 Niblo's theatre, 70. 
 
 Oxford music ha , 88. 
 
 Pantechnicon, 155. 
 
 Paris, 23, 26. 
 
 Paris Opera House, 138. 
 
lyDEX. 
 
 Fires, continued— 
 Pavilion Road, 7. 
 Penryn House, 10. 
 Port Dundas, 50. 
 Rainham church, 70. 
 St. Mary, Paddiiigton, 75. 
 Tooting, s. 
 Warrington, 73. 
 Warwick castle, 47. 
 
 li'awassei, 129. 
 
 Wiliinm 11 1. ^ 22. 
 
 Woolwich barraclcs, 2a. 
 
 Yeddo, 144. 
 Fisk. James, shot, 52. 
 Floods— 
 
 Ferrara, 71. 
 
 England, 75. 
 
 Italy, 88. 
 
 St. Petersburg, 136. 
 Flushing docks, 132. 
 Ford, fireman, burial of, 42. 
 Fox, Miss, marriage of, 71. 
 France — 
 
 Modification of indemnity, i. 
 
 Lord Lyons' departure, 1. 
 
 spy drowned, i. 
 
 peace proclamation, i, 
 
 sute of Paris, I, 2, 4. 
 
 entry of German troops, 2. 
 
 treaty ratified, 3. 
 
 protest from WilhelmshOhe, 3. 
 
 jtlugo and Garibaldi, 4. 
 
 Column of July, flag, 4. 
 
 Assembly removes to Versailles, 46. 
 - sentence on FIcurens, &c., 5. 
 
 outbreak in Paris, 5. 
 
 murder of General Thomas, s- 
 
 elections postponed, 6. 
 
 central committee manifesto, 6. 
 
 M. Rouher arrested, 6. 
 
 Thiers' " reassuring " circular, 7. 
 
 circular of delegates, 7. 
 
 slaughter on Place Vendome, 7. 
 
 letter from Bismarck, 7. 
 
 Garibaldi, General, 7, 8. 
 
 elections, 7. 
 
 Commune proclaimed, 8. 
 
 decrees, 8. 
 
 Paris, gates closed, 9. 
 
 Felix Pyat on elections, g. 
 
 engagement at Courbcvoie, 9. 
 
 proclamations, 10, 13. 
 
 continued fighting, 10, 11, t6. 
 
 election of mayors, 11. 
 
 Dombrowski, General, 11. 
 
 Versailles proclamations, ir. 
 
 MacMahon, commander, 11. 
 
 Guizot, M. on state of, 11. 
 
 Thiers on the Commune, 12. 
 
 Notre Dame "requisition," 12. 
 
 Louis Blanc's "solution," 12. 
 
 Vendome Column decree, 13. 
 
 insurgents driven back, 13. 
 
 marriage under the Commune, 14. 
 
 hostages threatened, 14. 
 
 forts taken, 15, 17. 
 
 plea for clemency, 16. 
 
 Commune decrees, 16. 
 
 Freemason demonstration, x6. 
 
 Clameret arrested, 17. 
 
 appeal to Parisians, 18 
 
 views of Count de Chambord, 18. 
 
 Issy captured, 19. 
 
 Communist dissensions, 19. 
 
 German treaty signed, 21. 
 
 Thiers property seized, 21. 
 
 Vanvres entered, 21. 
 
 Vendome Column destroyed, 21. 
 
 hostages again threatened, 22. 
 
 newspapers suppressed, 22. 
 
 Rochefort arrested, 22. 
 
 Versailles troops enter Paris, 22. 
 
 Paris fired by Communists, 23. 
 
 hostages murdered, 23. 
 
 women executed, 24. 
 
 Belleville taken, 24. 
 
 France, continued — 
 
 Commune suppressed, 25. 
 , National Guard disarmed, 25. 
 
 funeral of the hostages, 27. 
 
 Orleans, Princes, elected, 27, 50. 
 
 Internationalist manifesto, 28. 
 
 loan subscribed, 29. 
 
 elections, 30. 
 
 Chambord manifesto, 31. 
 
 resignation of Jules Favre, 33. 
 
 resignation of M. Thiers, 34. 
 
 Communist trials, 34, 68. 
 
 army reorganization, 36. 
 
 expression of thanks, 42. 
 
 executions, 47, 50, 100. 
 
 Assembly opened, 48. 
 
 Budget discussion, 53. 
 
 debates in Assembly, 55. 
 
 Ministerial resignations, 55. 
 
 Commercial treaty, 64, 86, 90. 
 
 Bazaine trial, 6^, 134. 
 
 military administration, 69, 71. 
 
 Thiers and Rouher, 74. 
 
 loan, 77, 102. 
 
 Prince Napoleon expelled, 86- 
 
 Chalons evacuated, 90, 
 
 Kerdrel report, 92. 
 
 Dufaure committee, 94. 
 
 Gramont explanation, 97. 
 
 death of Emperor Napoleon, 98, 99. 
 
 Second Chamber, 101. 
 
 Committee of Thirty, 102, 104, 105. 
 
 De Broglie's bill, 107. 
 
 Treaty of Berhn, 109. 
 
 Napoleon expulsion, iiz. 
 
 resignation of M. Grevy, 113. 
 
 elections, 115. 
 
 New Ministry, 118. 
 
 President's first message, 119. 
 
 first reception, iig. 
 
 collienes bill, 123. 
 
 end of foreign occupation, 127, 128, 
 132. 
 
 MacMahon's party, 137. 
 
 President's power, 139, 140. 
 
 new Cabinet, 143. 
 
 Assembly adjourns, 146, 
 
 new Cardinals, 147. 
 
 Emperor Napoleon, 147. 
 
 vote of confidence, 147. 
 
 nomination of Mayors, 148. 
 
 Bishops censured; 149. 
 
 Prince Imperial, 157. 
 
 Taxes, 160. 
 
 the SepTennate, 162. 
 Franklin statue, 54. 
 Frederick VH. statue, 134. 
 Freemason, oldest, 51. 
 Frere, Sir B., mission, 88, 92, 99, 100, 
 
 109. 
 Froshdorf interviews, 128. 
 Froude, J. A. - 
 
 at St. Andrew's, 5. 
 
 in America, 86. 
 
 Gambetta banquet, 83. 
 
 at Grenoble, 84, 92. 
 Galway elections, 70, /2, 73, 75, 76, 104. 
 Gastein league, 36. 
 Germany-- 
 
 troops enter Paris, 2. 
 
 departure, 3. 
 
 Emperor at Berlin, 5. 
 
 Reichstag opened, 6. 
 
 Emperor's birthday^ 7, iii. 
 
 loan, 15. 
 
 Alsace and Lorraine, 17, 42. 
 
 French treaty, 21, 
 
 troops enter Berlin, 28. 
 
 Parliament opened, 43, 65. 
 
 Bismarck ^o Count Arnim, 48 
 
 New year's reception, 51. 
 
 anniversary speech, 54. 
 
 school bill, 62. 
 
 Germany, continued — 
 
 expulsion of Jesuits, 73. 
 
 Hajisa launched, 88. 
 
 Emperor at St. Petersburg, 115, 120. 
 
 Expulsion of Jesuits, 118, 153. 
 
 Parliament prorogued, 122. 
 
 Emperor's letter to Pope, 129. 
 
 Bishops fined, 131, 142. 
 
 Sedan anniversary, 131. 
 
 At Vienna, 136. 
 
 St. James's Hall meeting, 151. 
 
 Reischstag opened, 154. 
 
 military Bill, 156. 
 
 ecclesiastical Bill, 160. 
 Ghent rejoicings, 83. 
 Giant and giantess married, 28. 
 Gibraltar, Bishop of, 153. 
 Gladstone's failure, 80. 
 Gladstone, Right Honourable W. E. — 
 
 at Aberdeen, 39. 
 
 replies to Mr. Whalley, 40. 
 
 to Sir G. Pollock, 43. 
 
 at Blackheath, 44, 
 
 on Collier appointment, 45. 
 
 defeats, 67. 
 
 at Liverpool College, 95. 
 
 Irish University scheme, 103, 104, 
 106, 108. 
 
 at Croydon, ro6. 
 
 ministry defeated, 108, 109. 
 
 resumes office, 109, 110. 
 
 at Mansion House, 112. 
 
 new Ministerial changes, 129, 140. 
 
 at Mold, 130. 
 
 on county suffrage, 149. 
 
 dissolution address, 150. 
 
 at Blackheath, 151. 
 
 at Woolwich, 152. 
 
 resignation, 156. 
 
 on Liberal Leadership, 161. 
 
 on New Parliament, 162. 
 Glasgow, Loch Katrine fountain, 79. 
 Glatton launched, 4, 
 
 firing experiment, 75. 
 Gomm, Sir WiUiam, 88. 
 Goulburn, Dean, 50. 
 Granville, Earl — 
 
 on Liberal policy, 90. 
 Graut-Duff at Elgin, 147, 
 G^eat Eastern, 120. 
 Greatham hospital anniversary, 81. 
 Greek Legation abolished, zi6. 
 Greenwich Naval College, loi. 
 Grote, George, memorial, 64. 
 Grove, Justice, 47. 
 Grosvenpr Club, 115. 
 " Guy Fawkes," hippopotamus, 8g. 
 Guizot, M., on state of France, 11. 
 
 on creeds, 73. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hague congress. Si. 
 
 Hall, Vice-Chancellor, 140. 
 
 Hampstead heath, 53. 
 
 Handel festival, 29. 
 
 Hannen, Sir James, 91. 
 
 '■ Happy Land " prohibited, 107. 
 
 Harrow tercentenary, 28. 
 
 Havanna, students shot, 47. 
 
 Hayward, A., on J. S. Mill, iig. 
 
 ' ' Heathen " controversy, 80. 
 
 Helps, Arthur, 76. 
 
 Herat, reported fall pf, 17. 
 
 Hessel, Dr., arrested, 100, 101. 
 
 Home rule agitation, 85, 137, 140, 157. 
 
 Honyman, Sir George, loi. 
 
 Horses, Royal commission, 104. 
 
 Hospital Sunday in London, 121. 
 
 Houses, fall of~ 
 
 Fargate, Shefiield, 143, 
 Hugo demonstration, 146. 
 Hungary loan, 52- 
 
 diet, 8. 
 Huxley, Professor, at Aberdeen, 158. 
 
 165 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Hyacinthe, P&re, on France, 25 
 
 married, 81, 
 Hyde Park— ' 
 
 Republic demonstration, 12. 
 
 regulations, 61, 
 
 Fenian meeting, 88. 
 
 Williamson trial, xoo. 
 
 regulations, 102. 
 
 I. 
 
 Imperial interviews — 
 
 Ischil, 35. 
 
 Salzburg, 36. 
 
 Berlin, 82. 
 India — 
 
 Lord Mayo assassinated, 56. 
 
 services, 63. 
 
 parcel poat, loi. 
 
 famine, 137, 143, 153, 156* 158, 162. 
 Ireland- 
 Home rule, 52. 
 
 New Bishop, 63. 
 
 Spencer Docks, 114. 
 Iron and Steel Institute^ 130. 
 Italy- 
 King at Rome, 30. 
 
 Ministerial resignation, 115. 
 
 Religious Corporation Bill, 119. 
 
 Marmora's book, 153. 
 
 King at Vienna, 132. 
 
 Parliament opened, 140. 
 
 J. 
 
 James, Solicitor-General, 133. 
 James, Edwin, case of, 104. 
 Japan — 
 
 ambassadors, 67, 79. 
 
 railways, 72, 86, 94, 95. 
 
 loan, 99. 
 
 liberty, 104. 
 
 at St. Petersburg, 113. 
 
 President attacked, 147. 
 Jenner, Sir William, Bart. 54. 
 Jersey harbour, 82, 
 Jessel, Sir George, 129, 131. 
 Jesuits and the Pope, 3. 
 Jones, Ernest, monument, lo. 
 Judicial committee, 44. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kerr, Lady Innes, injured, 58. 
 Kew bridge free, 102. 
 Khedive's first budget, 136. 
 Khiva expedition, 99, loi, iii. 
 Khiva, reported fall of, ii8, 120. 
 
 slavery abolished, tea. 
 
 Russian claim, 136. 
 Kiel Naval Academy, 62. 
 Knight, Dundee, case of, 75- 
 Knowles, pension to Mrs., loi. 
 Kooka insurrection, 69. 
 
 Lahadj, occupation of, 133. 
 
 Lambeth memorial schools, 43. 
 
 Land tenure reform, no. 
 
 Lanidowne, Marquis, under- Secre- 
 tary, 68. 
 
 Law officers, retirement, 50. 
 
 Lawson, P.. suspension, 103. 
 
 Leeds park opened, 83. 
 
 Leicester Square, gift of, ijg. 
 
 Leith pier burnt, 48, 
 
 Leopold of Bavaria, 114. 
 
 Lcsseps, M. dc, Railway project, 119. 
 
 Libel Case- 
 Guinness V. FrcemafCs Journal. 
 1Z2. (see Trials). 
 
 1 66 
 
 Lion-tamer killed, 52. 
 
 Literary Fund, 70. 
 
 Liverpool hospital, 70. 
 
 Livingstone, Dr., news of, 17, 69, 78. 
 
 at Ujiji, 43. 
 
 discovered by Stanley, 45. 
 
 relief fund, 55. 
 
 search expedition, 57, 
 
 closing days, 115, 151, 155. 
 Loeke King, presentation, 106. 
 London — 
 
 storm, S4- 
 
 honour to Lord Mayor, &c., 6i- 
 
 Bethnal Green Museum, 73. 
 
 GuildhaJl Museum, 89. 
 
 School Board, 143, 160. 
 
 fog, 144. 
 
 Ten days Mission, 154, 156. 
 Loodiana disturbance, 54. 
 Looshai invasion, i, 68. 
 Lome, Marquis, marriage, 6, 36. 
 Lourdes pilgrimage, 85. 
 Lowe, Robert — 
 
 on Chief-Justice Cockburn, 84. 
 
 on Troy excavations, 107. 
 
 defends Liberal party, 131, 140. 
 
 on Disraeli, 151. 
 Lyons, Lord, departure from Paris, i. 
 
 M. 
 
 Macao coolie trade, 146. 
 
 Macleod, Rev. N., on the Queen's 
 
 health, 46. ^ 
 
 death, 73. 
 Manning, Archbishop — 
 
 on Catholic loyalty, 100, 
 
 on Ireland, 132. 
 
 on Caesarism, 145- 
 Marriage bill meeting, 9. 
 Mario's farewell, 3?. 
 Marlborough correspondence, 88. 
 *' Master M'Grath, greyhound, z- 
 Match tax agitation, 14. 
 MaximiHan monument, 44. 
 Mayo, Lord, assassinated, 56, 59, 63, 
 
 68. 
 
 Lady, grant to, 76. 
 Megmra run ashore, 28, 44. 
 Menemet Ali Statue, 130. 
 Meetings — 
 
 Liverpool members, 31. 
 
 Conservatives, 32. 
 
 Plimboll, III. ' 
 
 Mermillod, M., expelled, 103. 
 Mexico, insurrection, 40. 
 Middle park yearlings, 73. 
 Mill, J. S.— 
 
 on the Revolution, 86. 
 
 death, 117. 
 Ministerial changes, 44- 
 Modoc war, gg. 
 Moffatt testimonial, 1 10. 
 Mongolian travel, 117. 
 Mont Cenis tunnel opened, 37. 
 Mormon emigrants, 18. 
 
 persecutions, 113. 
 Muller,M., in Westmin-^ter Abbey, 143. 
 Munich University, 77. 
 Murders — 
 
 Bewnondsey (Taylor), 74. 
 
 Charterhouse, 68. 
 
 Cropton, 88. 
 
 Devon Barracks, 71. 
 
 Ealing Green, 96. 
 
 Gerson, Lucerne, 78. 
 
 Great Coram Street, 96, 100. 
 
 Holywood, Ireland, 1I3. 
 
 Hoxton, 75- 
 
 Indre-et-Loire, 31. , 
 
 Islington (Venaoles), 79. 
 
 Kidbrook lane, 15, 32. 
 
 Lambeth, 58. 
 
 Maida Hill, 67. 
 
 McFadden family, 34 
 
 Murders, continued — 
 
 Naples (Gordon), 94. 
 
 Park Lane, 65. 
 
 Patteson, Bishop, 38. 
 
 Remains found, 132. 
 
 Spennymoor, 95. 
 
 Stow-Bedon, 36. 
 
 Wanlen (railway), 39. 
 
 Watson, Mrs., 40. 
 
 Westbourne Grove, (Moon). 24, 
 Murillo steamer seized, 133. 
 Music, Training School, 14s. 
 
 N. 
 
 Napoleon, Emperor- 
 protests a^inst deposition, 3. 
 
 arrives atlDover, 6. 
 
 at Windsor, 8. 
 
 on Sedan, 70. 
 
 St. Eugenie, 92. 
 
 illness, 97, 98. 
 
 death, 98. 
 
 funeral, 99, 100. 
 Napoleon, Prince — 
 
 on the Empire, a6. 
 Nelson statue, 132. 
 Newcastle College, 44. 
 Newman, Father — 
 
 on St. Bartholomew, 82. 
 
 InfalUbility, 82. 
 Newsham Orphanage, 37. 
 New Parliament, 152. 
 New River Company shares, 117. 
 Nilsson, Christine, married, 77. 
 Nonconformist conference, 54. 
 
 on education, 121, 149, 151. 
 Norman, Justice, stabbed, 38. 
 Normandy, Marquis, 11, 
 Northbrook, Lord, Governor-General 
 
 of India, 59, 63, 69. 
 
 Umballa Durbar, 87. 
 North-Western Railway, 157. 
 NoT^thfieet run down, 100. 
 Norway, Coronation, 125. 
 
 anniversary, 76. 
 
 O. 
 
 Obituary— 
 Abaker, Dr., 79. 
 Abd-el-Kader, 139. 
 Adalbert, Prince, lao. 
 Adams, W. B,, 76. 
 Adams, M^or C, 158. 
 Anderson, Rev. William, 83. 
 Austey, Chisholm, izg. 
 Aries Dufour, M.,53. 
 Arnold, Mrs. (Penrose), 133. 
 Arnott, Dr. N., 159. 
 Auber, M., 21. 
 Austria, Empress of, loe. 
 Babbage, Charles, 43. 
 Bagster, J., 74. 
 Bamford, Samuel, 66. 
 Barclay, Principal, 104. 
 Barrot, Odillon, 129. 
 Baxter, SlrD., 86. 
 Beaconsfietd, Countess of, 95. 
 Eeatson, General, 56. 
 Beaulieu, Baron de, 85. 
 Bedford, William Duke of, 70, 
 Begbie, Colonel T S., 79. 
 Bell, General Sir W., iia. 
 Bell, HenryG., 147. 
 Belgiojoso, Princess, 32. 
 Bennett, J. G., 71. 
 Benedek, Marshal, 47. 
 Eentley, Richard, 37. 
 Bergne, J. B., 99- 
 Bernstorff, Count, 112. 
 Biber, Dr. G. E., 148. 
 Binney, Rev. T., 158. 
 Bisset, Dr., 12. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 'bituary, continued — 
 Blackett, Henry, 4. 
 Black, Adam, 150. 
 Blagden, James, lor. 
 Blagrove, H. G., 95. 
 Bonaparte- Wyse, ^. 
 Bovill, Chief Justice, 138. 
 Bowring, Sir John, 92. 
 Brady, Sir M., iz. 
 Braail, Empress of, loi. 
 
 Bridgman, Charles, 130. 
 
 Rridport, Lady, loi. 
 
 Broadman, N., 80. 
 
 Brooks, Shirley, 158. 
 
 Brunswick) Duke of, 130. 
 
 Brydon, Dr. William, in, 
 
 Buchanan, Robert, 105- 
 
 Burgoyne, Sir John, 40. 
 
 Burns, Colonel N.^ 59. 
 
 Buxton, Charles, 35. 
 
 Byog, Hon. F., 26. 
 
 Candlish, Dr. R. S., 137, 
 ■ Candlish, John, 162. 
 
 Capel, James, qa. 
 
 Carmichael, John, 2. 
 
 Carter, Admiral, 153. 
 
 Chandos, Robert, 5. 
 
 Channell, Baron, 105. 
 
 Chasles, Philar&te, 125. 
 
 Charteris, Lieutenant, 142. 
 
 Chase, Chief-Justice, 116. 
 
 Chesney, General, 55. 
 
 Chesterfield, Earl of, 47. 
 
 Chubb, John, 88. 
 
 Church, Sir R., m. 
 
 Collins, C. A., 113. 
 
 Colonsay, Lord, 152* 
 
 Combe, Thomas, 88. 
 
 Couza, Prince, 118. 
 
 Cope, J. M., 148. 
 
 Cost,e, J. J.,133- 
 
 Corry, Hon. F. L., 107. 
 
 Cotton, Sir Sydney, 157. 
 
 Crossley, Sir F., 53. 
 
 D'Aubign6, Dr. M., 87. 
 
 DaM, v., 86. 
 
 Dalling and Bulwer, Lord, 70. 
 
 Daly, Rev. Dr., 58. 
 
 Davidson, J. R., 12. 
 
 Deane, Sir T., 40, 
 
 De Courcy, Wm., 144. 
 
 De Morgan, Professor, 6. 
 
 Deutscti, Emanuel O., 117. 
 
 DonaLi, Profei^sor, 132. 
 
 Dprling, Henry, in. 
 
 Douglas, Sir John, 19. 
 
 Doxat, Lewis, 3. 
 
 Duff-Gordon, Sir A., 88. 
 
 Duke, Sir James, 119. 
 
 Dwight, Major, 114. 
 
 Dyraoke, Rev. John, 143. 
 
 Ellenborough, Earl of, 50. 
 
 Ellis, Rev. William, 72. 
 
 Ewing, Bishop, nS. 
 
 Evans, D, M,, 146. 
 
 Feuerbach, L., 83. 
 
 Feydeau, E. A., 138. 
 
 Finlayson, Dr., 87. 
 
 Fonblanque, A. B., ZQ. 
 
 Forrester, " Crowquill," 70. 
 
 Forrester, John, 72. 
 
 Fox, General R., 1x4. 
 
 Gagarine, Prince, 62. 
 
 Gambier, Admiral, 54. 
 
 Gautier, T., 87. 
 
 Catty, Mrs. A., 134. 
 
 Cervinius, Professor, 6. 
 
 Gill, Admiral T., 152. 
 
 Gillott, J., 52 
 
 Goodwyn, Major, 114. 
 
 Goldstiicker, Dr., 62. 
 
 Gratry, Pere, 55. 
 
 Graves, Robert, 105. 
 
 Grave.s, S. R., 100. 
 
 Gray, G. R., 69. 
 
 Grcathead, M., 5X. 
 
 Obituary, continued— 
 Greeley, Horace, 93. 
 Grey, Bishop, 84. 
 Griffith, General, 78. 
 Grote, George, 29 
 Guise, Due de, 77. 
 Guthrie, Rev. T., 104. 
 Halkett, Samuel, 16. 
 Hamilton, G. A., 38. 
 Hamilton, Janet, 138. 
 Hannay, James, g8. 
 Harris, Augustus, 114. 
 Hartog, N. E., 29. ' 
 Hartmann, Moritz, 70. 
 Heenan, J. C, 138. 
 Herschel, Sir John F. W., 21. 
 Hinds, Bishop,. 56- 
 Hohenlohe-Langenberg,Princess,83. 
 Holland, Sir Henry, 138, 
 Hope Scott, J. R., 115. 
 Horn, Henry L., 104. 
 Howden, Lord, 135. 
 Hudson, George, 50. 
 Hunt, T. L., 122. 
 Huyshe, Captain, 149. 
 Inverness, Duchess of, 128. 
 Jeffrey, Miss, 88. 
 Jelf, Canon, 38. 
 Johnson, J., 83. 
 Johnston, A. K., 32. 
 Jolly, Samuel, 39. 
 Jones, Dr. H. B., 114. 
 Juarez, General, 76. 
 Keightley, T., 89. 
 Kensington, Lord, 51. 
 Kinloch, Lord, 88. 
 Knight, Charles, 107. 
 Kuss, M., 2. 
 Landseer, Sir E., 134. 
 Lane, General, 58. 
 Lauriston, M., qg. 
 Leed' , Duke of, 79. 
 Leigh Hunt, Miss, 55. 
 Lever, Charles, 71, 
 Liebig, Baron, 114. 
 Lindsey, Sir Alexander, 54. 
 Lonsdale, Earl of, 62. 
 Low, R, L, 92. 
 Lushington, Hon. S., 100. 
 Lytton, Lord, 99. 
 Macdermot of Coolavin, 132. 
 Macdonald, R. G., 108. 
 Macleod, Rev. Norman, 73. 
 Macleod, Sir D,, 93. 
 Macrcady, Wm. C., 115. 
 Madden, Sir F., 107. 
 Magnay, Sir William, g. 
 Magiiire, J. F., 88. 
 Mahomed, Prince G., 79. 
 Mansel, Dean, 33. 
 Manzoni, A., 118. 
 Marjoribanks, Lord, 121. 
 ?.TLa.shall, Matthew, 123. 
 Massingberd, Rev. F, C, 94- 
 Mason, George, 87. 
 Maurice, Rev. F. D., 64. 
 Maury, Commodore, loi. 
 Mayhew, Horace, 69. 
 Maz^fini, Joseph, 63. 
 M'Clure, Sir Robert, 137. 
 M'Gill, Dr.,5- 
 M'Leod, Rev. J. C , 60. 
 M'Pherson, Angus, 61. 
 Merivale, Herman, 155. 
 Metz, A. de, 140, 
 Michelet, M., 155. 
 Mill, John Stuart, 117. 
 Milles, William, 80. 
 Minns, Mrs., 12. 
 Moon, Sir F. G., 42. 
 Morocco, Emperor of, 132. 
 Morton, Robert, 65. 
 Moseley, Canon, 54. 
 Mundt (Mulbach), 133. 
 Murchison, Sir R, 43. 
 N^laLon, Dr- A., 133. 
 
 Obituary, continued— 
 Ncpean, Rev. £., lap. 
 Nichols, J. G., 140, 
 Noel, Rev. Baptist, 100. 
 Norris, Edwin, 94. 
 N orris, Rev. Dr! 67, 
 Oke, G. C, 147. 
 Ollivier, M., 159. 
 Olozaga, S. dc, 133. 
 Omer, Pasha, 13. 
 Ormerod, George, 135. 
 Ossington, (Denison) Lord, 107. 
 Papineau, Louis L, 39. 
 Parton, Mrs., "Fanny Fern, 86. 
 Partridge, Professor, 112. 
 Paterson, Rev. Dr., 13. 
 Pease, Joseph, 56. 
 Pennefather, General, 70. 
 Persigny, Due de, 53. 
 Pigott, Baron, 143. 
 Plunkett, Lord, 12. 
 Poole, " Paul Pry," 57. 
 Poniatowski, Prince, I23. 
 Poste, Rev. B., 12. 
 Pote, Rev. E.^ 12 
 Powers, Hiram, 122, 
 Prussia, Queen of, 144. 
 Purchas, Rev. J., 86. 
 Putman, G. P.J OS- 
 Ramsay, Rev. Dean, 96. 
 Rankine, W. J. M., 96. 
 Rassam, C. A., 71. 
 Ratazzi, Signer, ng. 
 Raumer, F. von, 121. 
 Rawlinson, Major G., 145. 
 Rianzares, Duke de, 132, 
 Rolt, Sir John, 26. 
 Rosas, President, 139. 
 Rose, Sir George, 143. 
 Salomons, Sir D., 125. 
 Saxony, King of, 13S. 
 Scarlett, Sir J. Y., 48. 
 Schamyl, 8. 
 Schetky, J. C., 154- 
 Schultzenstein, Dr*, 7. 
 Schultze, Dr. M!., 148. 
 Scott, Admiral J., 61. 
 Scott, John, 40. 
 Scrope, S. T., 87. 
 Sedgwick, Professor, loi. 
 Seward, W. H , 87. 
 Shaftesbury, Countess, 86. 
 Siamese Twins, 148. 
 Skey, Dr. F. C, 80. 
 Shddell, Hon. J., 33. 
 Smethurst, Dr., 137. 
 Smith, " King," 77, 
 Smith, Sir A., 79. 
 Smith, Sir F. P., 155. 
 Somerville, Mrs, M., 93. 
 Spalding, Rev. J., 56. 
 St. Alban's, Duchess of, 37. 
 St. Simon, Marquis, 123. 
 Strauss, Dr. D. F., 155. 
 Strzelecki, Count, 134. 
 Sumner, Charles, r6i. 
 Sweden, King of, 83. 
 Sweden, Queen of, 8. 
 Sydenham, Lord, 140. 
 Sykes, Colonel, 73, 
 Tegethoff, Admiral, io» 
 Telbin, Wm., 146. 
 Thalberg, M-, 16. 
 Thierry, A., 112. 
 Thomas, J. E., 135. 
 Thomson, Mrs., izo. 
 Thomson, R, W,, 107. 
 Thorbecke, J. R., 71. 
 Tichborne, Lady D,, 94. 
 Tite, Sir Wm., 114. 
 Trevelyan, Lady, iz8. 
 Tweedie, Captain, 154. 
 Varley, C., 13^ 
 Wallace, Miss Ann, 107. 
 Wall, Professor, IW). 
 Walsh, Rev. Dr., 79. 
 
 167 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Obituary, conthi-ued — 
 
 Walmsley, Sir J., 46. 
 
 Webb, Dr. F. C, 146. 
 
 Wells, Rev. J., 63. 
 
 Welwitsch, Dr. F., 87. 
 
 Westbury, Lord, 126, 
 
 Westmacott, R., 67. 
 
 Westmeath. Marquis of, 17. 
 
 Whitty, James, 120. 
 
 Wickens, Vice- Chancellor, 137. 
 
 Wilberforce, H. W., 115. 
 
 Wilhelm, Carl, 131. 
 
 Willis, " Argus," 3q, 
 
 Wilson, Rev. Dr. J., 124. 
 
 Winchester, Bishop of, 125- 
 
 Winslow, Dr. F. , 159. 
 
 Winterbotham, H. S. P., X44> 
 
 Winterhalter, H., 124. 
 
 Wolverton, Lord, 126. 
 
 Wylie, Lieutenant-Colonel, 85. 
 
 Wynter, Rev. P., ,44. 
 O'Kcefe case, 116, 122, 139. 
 Old Catholic Congress, 39. 
 Old Catholics, 129, 132, Z34, 135, 
 
 148. 
 Order of Merit, iza. 
 Orleans, Bishop of, 52. 
 Orleans marriage, 53. 
 Outram statue, 35. 
 Oxford Commission, 52. 
 Oxford Union, 137. 
 
 Pacific railway scandal, izg, 137, 139. 
 
 Paray-le-Monial pilgrimage, 131. 
 
 Palmer, Sir R., on Army Bill, 35. 
 Lord Chancellor, 84, 86. 
 
 Parliament- 
 Arbitration, 124, 
 Acrobats, 75. 
 Alabama claims, 56. 
 Appeal court, €^.^ 69, 103. 
 Army Regulation, 3, 5, 18, 31, 22, 
 
 27) 89< 3°. 32- 
 Army purchase arrangements, 32, 
 
 33. 34. 35, 127. 
 
 1871 prorogued Aug. 21, 36. 
 
 1872 — Feb. 6 to Aug. 10, 79. 
 X873 — Feb. 6 to Aug. 5, 12S. 
 1874 — Mar. 19 to Aug. 7, 
 Army estimates, 1872, 59, 63, 103. 
 Australian customs, 118. 
 
 Ballot, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 58, 63, 6s, 
 
 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76. 
 Bills abandoned, 123. 
 Black Sea Conference, 8. 
 Budgets— 
 
 1871 (Lowe) 13, 14, 15, 17, 22. 
 
 1872 (Lowe) 64. 
 
 1873 (Lowe), 113. 
 Burials Bill, 2, 27, 74, ii2. 
 Capital punishment, 77. 
 Chelsea Waterworks, 105. 
 Church property, 74. 
 Civil list, 63. 
 
 Clare Lieutenancy, 70. 
 Collier appointment, 57, 
 Contagious Diseases, 118. 
 Counties suffrage, 126. 
 Declaration of Paris, 14. 
 Disestablishment, 19, 118. 
 Dublin University Tests, 115, 116, 
 
 1I7. 
 Duke of Edinburgh s annuity, 127. 
 Ecclesiastical procedure, gS. 
 Ecclesiastical Titles Repeal, 32. 
 Education, 68, 122, 125, 126. 
 Election expenses, izi. 
 Electoral districts, 116, 117, 
 Endowed schools, 30, 106, itS, 
 Entail, 66. • 
 
 Epping Forest, 16. 
 Euphrates railway, 113. 
 Ewelme rectory, 57, 62. 
 168 
 
 Pavliamcnt, continued — 
 
 Eyre prosecution, 75. 
 
 Fiji Islands, 74. 
 
 Foreign securities, 4. 
 
 Indian Budget, 78, 127. 
 
 Irish railways^ 76, 115- 
 
 Irish University, 103, 104, 106, 107, 
 108. 
 
 Judicature, 116, "22, 123, 124. 
 
 Juries, no. 
 
 Kew Gardens dispute, 77. 79- 
 
 Land tithes, 118. 
 
 Land transfer, 115. 
 
 Law administration, 77, 108. 
 
 Law peerages, 123, 124. 
 
 Licensing Bill, 9, 67, 69. 
 
 Local taxation, -9, 16. 
 
 Marriage, 8, 59, 103, 109. 
 
 Mines regulation, ^7. 
 
 Ministerial responsibility, 127. 
 
 National expenditure, 65. 
 
 Navy estimates, 8, 112. 
 
 Occasional sermons, 74, 118. 
 
 O'Keefe case, 118, 122. 
 
 Patronage (Scotland), 121. 
 
 Permissive Bill, 22, 1x7. 
 
 Plimsoll Commission, 105. 
 
 Princess Louise annuity, i. 
 
 Public worship, 63, 122. 
 
 Rating, 126. 
 
 Reporters, complaint against, 124. 
 
 Robinson dismissal, 12. 
 
 Russian treaty, 4. 
 
 Scotch education, 62, 69, 71, 78. 
 
 School of Law, 61. 
 
 Select Committee, charges in, 63. 
 
 Sessions, 1874, March 5 to August 7. 
 
 Shipping Commission, 112. 
 
 Speaker Denison retires, 56. 
 
 Sunday trading, 15. 
 
 Taxation, direct and indirect, 115. 
 
 Tien-tsiD massacre, 7. 
 
 Trades Unions, 5. 
 
 University tests, 18, 28, 64. 
 
 Washington " Rules," iii. 
 
 Washington treaty, 27. 
 
 Westmeath, 3, iz, 16, 17. 
 
 Women's disabilities, 17, 69, 115. 
 
 Zanzibar contract, 121, 126, 127. 
 Parliament, new, 153, 154, 155, 158, 
 
 16^. 
 Passion Play, 29. 
 
 Patteson, Bi.^hop, murdered, 38, 58, 6?. 
 Pawson and Co. suspension, 97. 
 Peers, Creation of, 145, 159. 
 Peers votes, 92. 
 Persian famine, 67. 
 Persian Gulf railway, 77. 
 Peterborough, Bishop of — 
 
 on Ecclesiastical procedure, 58. 
 Plimsoll commission report, 133 
 Plimsoll meeting, rii. 
 Plymouth Breakwater, 79. 
 /^o/aW-f expedition, 121. 
 Pollock, Barop, 98. 
 Pollock, Sir G., 43, 50. 
 Pope Pius IX.— 
 
 on the Jesuits, 3. 
 
 on German Emperor, 3. 
 
 Dr. Dollinger, 13, 21. 
 
 anniversary, 29. 
 
 oppression of, 96. 
 
 French minister leaves, 56. 
 
 allocution, 99, 103. 
 
 Prince Arthur received, loi. 
 
 On Monastic Orders, 120, 127. 
 
 to German Emperor, 128, 136. 
 
 Encyclical, 144. 
 
 New Cardinals, 145. 
 
 on German bishops, 138, 
 Portugal — 
 
 Parliament opened^ 146, 
 Princess Tomaiuatty run dpwn, i6z. 
 Prison Congress, 74. 
 Prussia — ■ 
 Diet opened, 140. 
 
 Prussia, coiitimced — 
 
 Civil marriage, 145.^157. 
 
 Ecclesiastical court, 147^ 157. 
 
 Electoral Reform, 88, 93, 94. 
 Purchas case, ii. 
 Pusey, Rev Dr., on Church parties 
 
 162. 
 
 Queen Victoria — 
 
 Princess Louise married, 6. 
 
 Garden party, 29. 
 
 illness, 36, 37, 46. 
 
 at Sandrlngham, 47, 50. 
 
 letters of thanks, 50, 60. 
 
 Thanksgiving at St. Paul's, 59. 
 
 assaulted by O'Connor, 60. 
 
 reward medal, 62. 
 
 on Continent, 64, SS. 
 
 visit of Empress of Germany, 69. 
 
 in Edinburgh, 80. 
 
 at Dunrobin, 82. 
 
 Montre.al statue, 93. 
 
 at Chiselhurst, 104. 
 
 Visits Victoria Park, 113. 
 
 new colours to the 7Qth, 114. 
 
 marriage of Duke of Edinburgh, 135 
 
 R. 
 
 Races — Derby^ St. Leger. 
 
 1S71. Favonius. Hannah. 
 
 1872. Cremome. Wenlock. 
 
 1873. Doncaster. M'Sxie Stuart. 
 
 1874. Geo. Frederick. Apology. 
 Railway accidents — 
 
 Clifton, 78. 
 Guildford, 132. 
 Kelvedon, 87. 
 Kirtlebridge, 84, 99. 
 Maiuiel Jjmction, 151. 
 Pesth, 116. 
 Retford, 130. 
 Scclin, 36. 
 Wigan, 128, 157. 
 Woodhouse, 87. 
 Railways Mened — 
 Isle of Man, 123. 
 Board of Trade circular, 140. 
 Raphael anniversary, 113. 
 Reed; E. J., on Navy, 89. 
 Reform banquet, 43. 
 Renforth, death of, 36. 
 Resignations, ofl6cial, 128, 140. 
 ReUter, Baron — 
 
 Concession to, 118. 
 Reviews, 30, 65, 75. 
 Revnolds portrait, 48, 
 Richmond, Duke of, on Purchase abo- 
 lition, 126. 
 Riots- 
 Antwerp, 74. 
 Dublin, 120. 
 Fenians, 34, 36. 
 Frankfort beer, 115. 
 Murphy, 16 
 
 Orange, New York, 32. 
 Orange, 80. 
 Oxford, S3. 
 Provision, 79. 
 Reading (Odger), 48. 
 Ritualism- 
 Memorial, ll6 12T- 
 Congregational- Union, 136. 
 Robberies — 
 Sydenham (Panizz])j 81. 
 Glasgow^ (Bonds), 85. 
 Rochefort imprisoned, 39. 
 
 married, 89. 
 Rome- 
 Religious bodies, 122. 
 Congress, 137 
 Convents seized, 137, (see also Pope 
 
 PlUb). 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Romilly, retirement of Lord, 112. 
 Rouher, M., address, 54, 57. 
 Royal Society, President, 143. 
 Rugby School inquiry, 11, 81, 93. 
 
 new Chapel, 87. 
 Rugby, Dr. Hayman removed, 145. 
 Russell, Earl— 
 
 on Alabama claims, 27. 
 
 on Education Leagv'.e, 46. 
 
 on financial year, 78. 
 
 on Home Rule, 85. 
 
 to Sir Geo. Bowyer, 143. 
 
 on Emperor of Germany, 149. 
 
 Emperor's letter, 157, 
 Russia — 
 
 Loan, 4. 
 
 Black Sea confcTence, 5- 
 
 Duke Constantine in England, 33. 
 
 on Germany, 49. 
 
 Peter the Great anniversary, 72. 
 
 mission to England, g8. 
 
 Czarewitz in Kngland, 121, 122. 
 
 Treaty with Bokhara, 146. 
 
 Sales- 
 Peel gallery, 4. 
 
 Gillott, 67. 
 
 Perkins*, 119. 
 Salford consecration, 88. 
 Salisburyj Marquis — 
 
 on foreign guarantees, 4. 
 
 on Gladstone Ministry, 136, 
 San Juan arbitration, 87. 
 Sandwich Islands, King of, 101. 
 Saxby poisonings, 61. 
 Saxon troops enter Dresden, 33. 
 Saxony, King and Queen's golden 
 
 wedding, 91. 
 School Boards- 
 London, Bible readingt 2, 8. 
 
 endowments, 19. 
 School Board (Scotland), 105. 
 Schouvaloff's mission, 98, loi. 
 Scott centenary, 35. 
 Scott, Sir Gilbert, 70. 
 Scott statue, New York, 88, 
 Scottish Church probationers, 145. 
 Selborne, Lord Chancellor, 86. 
 
 at Guildhall Museum, 8g. 
 Servia, throne of, 80. 
 Shaftesbury, Earl, in Glasgow, 36. 
 Shah in Europe, 114, 121, 133. 
 Sham fight, 37, 39, 82. 
 Sheffield Circus panic, 87. 
 Shipping, Royal Commission, 112. 
 Shipwrecks — 
 
 AHafiiic, 112. 
 
 Batavzer, 87. 
 
 City of IVashingion, 123. 
 
 Delaiuare^ 50. 
 
 DttniHazlf 129. 
 
 EtjipresSt 35. 
 
 Ethiopia^ 131. 
 
 Germany, 96. 
 
 Halcyott^ 71. 
 
 Lord Clyde, 63, 6g. 
 
 Megara, 28, 6z. 
 
 Perseveranza, 81. 
 
 Queen of ilic Thames^ 6. 
 
 Rangoon, 44. 
 
 Royal Adelaide., 92. 
 
 SiJigapore, 124. 
 
 Tripoli.^ 70 
 Sinai, the true Mount, 156, 158. 
 Small-pox at Hampsfead, 16, 19, 39, 
 Smith, Dean, 6. 
 Social Science (Norwich), 133- 
 Social Science — • 
 
 1871, Leeds. 
 
 1872, Cardiff. 
 
 1873, Norwich. 
 
 1874, Glasgow. 
 
 Somerset, Duke of, on Science, 97. 
 on Cobden, 98. 
 Shipping Commission, 112. 
 Spain — 
 Cortes opened, 9, 68, 83. 
 
 Royal marriage, 16. 
 
 Serrano resigns, 32,, 72. 
 
 King at Barcelona, &c., 37; 40. 
 liquor tax, 40. 
 
 Cortes suspended, 46. 
 
 Cortes dissolved, 54. 
 
 Carlist rising, 68, 6g.^ 
 
 attempted assassination, 76. 
 
 Republican rising, 85. 
 
 abdication of King Amadous, 102, 
 
 Republic, 103. 
 
 departure of King, 103 
 
 disturbance in Madrid, 115. 
 
 democratic Federal Republic, izo. 
 
 Carlist rising, 121, 125. 
 
 new Constitution, 123, 125. 
 
 manifesto, 124. 
 
 Communist rising. 125. 
 
 Ministerial resignation, 125. 
 
 fighting at Malaga, 127. 
 
 Carlist reports, 129, 
 
 Castelar, President, 130. 
 
 Estella taken, 131. 
 
 Insurgent fleet seized, 131. 
 
 death sentences, 131. 
 
 Salmeran elected, 132. 
 
 Alicante bombarded, 133. 
 
 naval actions, 135, 137. 
 
 Lobo dismissed, 13G. 
 
 Intransigentes, 137. 
 
 Carthagena bombarded, 143. 
 
 Gushing, American Minister, 146. 
 
 Cortes opened, 146. 
 
 Castelar defeated, 146.' 
 
 Carthagena surrenders, 147. 
 
 fighting at Soramoroitro, 158. 
 
 Bilbao bombarded, 139. 
 
 Carlist victory, 162. 
 Stanley, Dean — 
 
 Select Preacher, 93, 94. 
 Stanley, H. M., discoverer of Living- 
 stone, 45, 78, 87, 88, go. 
 
 at Brighton, 80. 
 
 at Windsor, 81. 
 Steinmetz, General, 13. 
 Stirling-Maxwell, Sir W. , Lord 
 
 Rector, 46, 55. 
 Storms — 
 
 England, 94- 
 
 London, 76, loi. 
 
 Sheffield, 145. 
 
 Western Counties, 81. 
 St. Paul's, proposal for completing, 
 58, 71- 
 
 Thanksgivmg, 59, 
 Strasburg University, 69. 
 Strikes^ 
 
 Agricultural labourers, 64, 114. 
 
 Bakers, 83. 
 
 Colliers (Wales), gS, 103, no. 
 
 Domestic servants, 68. 
 
 Gas-stokers, 93, 94, 96, 97, loi, 114. 
 
 London building, 73, 73, 81. 
 
 Newcastle engineers, 25, 37, 39, 40. 
 
 Police, ga. 
 St. Sebastian League, too. 
 St. Thomas's Hospital opened. 29. 
 Stuart, Vice- Chancellor retires, 7. 
 Suez Canal, 77. 
 
 Dues, 116. 
 
 Concession to Baron Reuter, ti8. 
 Suicides-^ 
 
 Chilborn, banker, 46. 
 
 Chalmers, Captain, 12. 
 
 Cook, Eliza Jane, 19. 
 
 Delawarr, Earl, 115, 
 
 Flynn, James, 79. 
 
 Gablenz, Marshal 151. 
 
 Girgenti, Count, 47. 
 
 Golden Scniare, 87. 
 
 Mitchell, Edward, 67. 
 
 Suicides, eontimied— 
 
 Montgomery, Walteri 36. 
 
 Nagel (Chelsea), 80. 
 
 Nimmo, James, 34. 
 
 Oswald, Alice B., 81. 
 
 Peacock, (Southcotean), 137. 
 
 Willes, Justice, 85. 
 Sun discontinued, 5. 
 Swedish Parliament, 148. 
 Swimming feat, 80. 
 Swindon Liberal meetingj 941 
 
 T. 
 
 Telegraph, Atlantic, laid, 123, 
 Temple, Bishop, 50. 
 Thames Embankment, 34. 
 Thiers, M.— _ 
 
 property seized, 21. 
 
 resigns, 33. 
 
 power prolonged, 35 . 
 
 first message, 48. 
 
 at Trouville, 83. 
 
 on commerical Treaty, gx. 
 
 on Gambetta, 92. 
 
 on th^ Temporal Power, 98. 
 
 Member of Assembly, 119. 
 
 retirement, 120. 
 
 to Nancy Council, 133. 
 Thorns, W. J., dinner to, 88. 
 Tichbome trial, zo, 26, 27, 30, 31, 53, 
 
 59, 61. See "Queen 1/. Castro." 
 
 Luie and Brown examined, 135, 144, 
 149, 160, 161. 
 
 " Claimant," 66. 
 Torpey, M. apprehended, iz. 
 Trades Congress, 52. 
 Treaties — 
 
 Denmark, 112. 
 
 Dutch, 31. 
 
 France, 126. 
 
 Italy, loi. 
 
 Spain and Sweden, i. 
 
 Washington, 27. 
 
 Zanzibar, 119. 
 Treasury prosecutions, 54, 
 Trials — 
 
 Alteyrac, Countess, v, d'Eresby, 
 90. 
 
 Anthony, William, 50. 
 
 Asher v. Rennie, 51. 
 
 Baily v. Williamson, 100, 
 
 Bank Forgers, 113, 119, 130. 
 
 Batley Corporation, 63. 
 
 Bazaine, Marshal, 69, 70, 134, 144. 
 
 Belhaven peerage, 76. 
 
 Bennett, Vicar, 47, 72. 
 
 Benson, Henry, 75. 
 
 Bolton V. Maddox, (Votes), 142. 
 
 BoultOD, Park and others, 18. 
 
 Bowles, R. C. M., 101. 
 
 Buccleuch v. Board of Works, 69. 
 
 Butt, C. E., 146. 
 
 Chaffers v. Lady Twiss, 6r. 
 
 Clappison (County Bank), 82. 
 
 Cochran, H. J., (Tichbome), 133. 
 
 Communists, 34, 36, 54. 
 
 Cotton, "poisoner," 80, 107, in. 
 
 Davey, Harriet, 32. 
 
 Davies v. Thorne (right of common), 
 76. 
 
 Dawson, Chas., 144. 
 
 DixblanC, M., 72. 
 
 Dixon 7/. Pall Mall Gazeiie^ 92. 
 
 Dorrington, John, 38. 
 
 Edmunds, C, 37, 51, 53. 
 
 Edmunds v. Gladstone, 73, 7,8, 79. 
 
 Edmunds V' Gloucester Mercury^ 
 145- 
 
 Farrel v. Harting, i?4. 
 
 Gas-stokers, 95. 
 
 Gilberts. Pail Mall Gazeiie, 143. 
 
 Goldschmidt v. Public Opinion, 9. 
 
 Goldsmith Brothers, 124. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Trials, continued — 
 
 Gosney, W. F., 32. 
 
 Guardian Newspaper, 33. 
 
 Hall (Mayor), 88. 
 
 Hawksworth z^. Hawksworth, 15. 
 
 Hayman, Dr. (Rugby), 161. 
 
 Hertford estates, 48. 
 
 Hopps V, Long, 158. 
 
 Howard, Walter, 130. 
 
 Kelley, Robert, 45. 
 
 Littleton V. Gounod, 122. 
 
 Lizardi, J. X., 103. 
 
 Luie, Jean, 143. 
 
 Lynch, Madame, 21. 
 
 Macbryde v, Eykyn, 17. 
 
 Mayor of Exeter v. Times, 65. 
 
 May, P. J., 92. 
 
 Montgomery, Sub- Inspector, 127, 
 131. 
 
 Mordaunt v. Moncrieff, 123. 
 
 Moyle. Rev. V., iii. 
 
 Murillo, case of, u^g. 
 
 Murthly succession, 93. 
 
 NaundoriF widow, 158. 
 
 Northern Whig (libel), 97. 
 
 Norward v. Plimsoll, 115, 121. 
 
 O'Connor, Arthur, 66. 
 
 O'Keefe, 94, 116, 119. 
 
 Onslow and Whalley, 100, 
 
 Padwick v. Stewart, 149, 158. 
 
 Pearson, Henry, 113. 
 
 Peek V. Gumey, 127. 
 
 Pigott, Irishman, 46. 
 
 Poles V. Times, 155. 
 
 PoUok V. PoHok, 124. 
 
 Pook, E. W , 32. 
 
 Pook V. Crosland, 53- 
 
 Purchas, 15, 56. 
 
 Reade w. Morning Advertiser, 102. 
 
 Reas, the, 113. 
 
 Read will, 68. 
 
 Reid, Henry, 113. 
 
 Roberts, W. A., 117. 
 
 Rodway, William, 64. 
 
 Stokes, E. E., 77, 98, 138. 
 
 Skipworth, (barrister), loi. 
 
 Tablet Newspaper, 29, 
 
 Thwaitos Will, 73. 
 
 Tichborne v. Lushington, 20, 26, 27, 
 30. 31. 53. 59* €>i. 
 
 Tichborne Claimant, 115, 130, 13s, 
 
 138, 143, 145, 147, 152, 158. 
 Tomline v. Lowe, 16. 
 Torpey, 2, 12, 17. 
 Tweed, W. M., 142. 
 Voysey, Rev C , 40. 
 Watson, Rev. J. S., 53. 
 Watson V. North British Mail^ 97. 
 Trochu insult, 65. 
 Troy excavations, 107. 
 Turkey — 
 first railway, 53. 
 new finnan, 120. 
 Twickenham, boat accident, 70. 
 Twiss, case of Lady, 6t, 64, 67. 
 Tyndall, Professor 121. 
 
 ■U. 
 
 Uhland monument, 125. 
 -Ultramontanes, 113. > 
 
 United States— , 
 
 Sumner rem.oved, 5. 
 
 Treaty, ratified, 24. 
 
 proceed against Mormons, 39, 40, 
 43- 
 
 New York City frauds, 40, 88, 51. 
 
 elections, 44. 
 
 Congress opened, 48. 
 
 James Fisk shot, 52, 77, 
 
 Erie Ring, 63, 95. 
 
 Cincinnati Convention, 6g. 
 
 "Independence" celebration, 75. 
 
 Baltimore Convocation, 75. 
 
 squadron received, 77. 
 
 elections, 82, 85. 
 
 election for President, 89. 
 
 coloured legislators, 94. 
 
 President Grant's second term, to6. 
 
 Modoc war, 114, 115, 119, 134. 
 
 Disturbance in Louisiana, 114. 
 
 commercial panic, 132. 
 
 International bridge, 13S. 
 
 Elections, 139. 
 
 city Frauds, 142. 
 
 Sioux Indians, 155. 
 University Boat Race — 
 
 1871 Cambridge, 9, 
 
 1872 Cambridge, 64. 
 
 1873 Cambridge, 112. 
 
 1874 Cambridge.^ 
 
 1875 Oxford. 
 Utrecht Psalter, 114. 
 Utrecht, Bishop of, 154. 
 Uttoxeter railway case, 63. 
 
 Vendome column destroyed, 21. 
 
 restored, no. 
 Vernon Harcourt on panics, 55. 
 
 National expenditure, 65. 
 
 on Church of England, 97. 
 
 Solicitor- Geaejral, 143. 
 Vesuvius eruption, 68. 
 Victor Hugo expelled, 25. 
 Victoria, Parliament of, 161. 
 yirginius, capture of, 138. 
 
 Executions, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145. 
 Vienna Exhibition, 115. 
 Volunteers — 
 
 Queen's Prize. 
 
 1871, En. Humphrey, 3d Cambridge. 
 
 1872, Sergt. Michie,London Scottish. 
 
 1873, Sergt. Menzies, ist Edinburgh. 
 
 1874, Private Atkinson, ist Durham. 
 Voysey services, 88. 
 
 Vyner monument, 14. 
 
 W. 
 
 Waghom monument, ( 
 
 Wallace, Professor, 96, gg, 119, 135- 
 Waldegrave, presentation to Countess, 
 
 79- 
 Wales, Pnnce of — 
 
 birth of Prince Alexander, 10. 
 
 visits Dublin, 33. 
 
 at Scarborough, 44. 
 
 illness, 47. 
 
 Queen at Sandringham, 47. 
 
 public anxiety, 49. 
 
 improvement, 50. 
 
 renewed anxiety, 51 . 
 
 recovery, 53, 57. 
 
 Thanksgiving at St. Paul's, 59. 
 
 on tTie Continent, 63, 71. 
 
 opens Convalescent Home, 75. 
 
 Plymouth Breakwater, 79. 
 
 in France, 80. 
 
 at Chillingham, 87. 
 
 Grand Master, 113. 
 
 at Vienna, 115. 
 
 Visit of Czarewitch, 121. 
 
 Holyhead harbour, 130. 
 
 at Wigan, iig. 
 
 unveils Holborn statue, 147. 
 
 at St. Petersburg. 147, 150. 
 Wandsworth bridge opened, 133. 
 Waterford dock, 129. 
 Waterlow, Sir S., 84, 96. 
 
 Lord Mayor. 
 
 dress ball, 115. 
 
 council, 125. 
 
 opens Heme Bay pier, 131. 
 Watson, Rev. J. S., case of, 53. 
 Waverley ball, 31. 
 Wellington College, Master, 115. 
 Westbury, Lord, death of, 126. 
 Wheatstone, Sir Chas., 123. 
 White's Club House, 4. 
 Wigan, Mr. and Mrs., farewell, 75, 
 Willonghby Peerage, 33, 
 Winchester, Bishop of, in Scotland, 36. 
 Winchester, death of Bishop of, 125, 
 
 126, 127. 
 
 memorial, 143. 
 
 new Bishop of, 129. 
 
 Guildhall, 118. 
 
 *' tundiug" case, 91. 
 Wood, N., Memorial, 74. 
 Workmen and Conservatives, 33, 33/ 
 
 42, 43- 
 
 Yarkund embassy, 143, 156. 
 York, municipal banquet. 133. 
 Young, Lord Advocate, 157, 159. 
 
 Zanzibar, contract, 126, 127. 
 
 Treaty, iig. 
 Zurich, disorderly meeting, 4. 
 Zermatt, Memorial Chvurch, 34. 
 
 LONDON : K. CLAY, SONS, AND TaVLOK, PRINTEKS. 
 
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 C I R C O L A R E: 
 
 BEKANNTMACHUNG 
 
 C IRC U L AIRE. 
 
 1 ' sr> 
 
 Xj anlico Albergo della Torre / -•--'e 
 
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 alte Gasthofziim Londoner , J_je 'ci-devant Aubcrgc de la/ A he old Inn of London' s To- 
 
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 del SiG. TEODosto ZiGNONi, re- / 
 
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