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 CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 
 COLLECTION ON CHINA 
 
 AND THE CHINESE 
 
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 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 924 073 466 520 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tliis book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924073466520 
 
The Old Bamboo'Hewer's Story 
 
 OR 
 
 THE TALE OF TAKETORI 
 
 TRANSLATED BY 
 F. Victor Dickins. B. C. 
 
 m ^ 
 it 
 
 oo 
 
THE 
 OLD BAMBOO-HEWER'S STORY 
 
 (TAKETORI MONOGATARI). 
 
 THE EARLIEST OF THE JAPANESE ROMANCES. 
 WRITTEN IN THE TENTH CENTURY. 
 
 TRANSLATED, WITH OBSERVATIONS AND NOTES, 
 
 BY 
 
 F. Victor Dickins, B. C. 
 
 
 SAN KAKU SHA 
 
 7 NICHOME KYOBASHI TOKYO JAPAN 
 
V)i,'^i:ii^y 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 To f&ce pi 
 
 The ©read's* Hunt 12 
 
 The Upbearing of the Lady Kagusa 32 
 
 Fuji San from the Pass of Gokanya 36 
 
 * Erroneously Lettered the Dreads' Haunt 
 
THE STOKY OF THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE. 
 
 (TAKBTOEI NO OKINA NO MONOGATARI.) 
 
 A JAPANESE ROMANCE OF THE TENTH CENTURY. 
 
 The Coming of the Lady Kagoya a"nd the Days of 
 Childhood. 
 
 (Kaguya Hime no oitachi.) 
 
 Formerly * there lived an old man, a bamboo-hewer, who 
 hewed bamboos on the bosky hill-side, and manywise he 
 wrought them to serve men's needs, and his name was 
 Sanugi no Miyakko.^ Now one day, while plying the 
 hatchet in a grove of bamboos, was he suddenly ware of a 
 tall stem, whence streamed forth through the gloom a dazzling 
 light. Much marvelling, he drew nigh to the reed, and saw 
 that the glory proceeded from the heart thereof, and he 
 looked again and beheld a tiny creature, a palm's bieadth 
 in stature and of rare loveliness, which stood midmost the 
 splendour. Then he said to himself, " Day after day, from 
 dawn to dusk, toil I among these bamboo- reeds, and this 
 child that abides amidst them I may surely claim as mine 
 own." So he put forth his hand, and took the tiny being, 
 and carried it home, and gave it to the goodwife and her 
 
 * Muknahi — here, as often, equiralent to the Latin * olim,' 
 ' Or Saruki, or Sadaki. tjanugi, or Sanuki, is a province of Shikoku. 
 Miyakko is mtj/a-tau-ko, servant of the August Home, that is, of the Court or 
 Palace, equivalent to aaon {anomi, asodi) or Baron, The expression was also 
 used in the sense of 'ruler,' 'governor.' But, like many other titles, it degenerated, 
 as here, into a mere name. 
 
2 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER: JAPANESE ROITANCE. 
 
 ■women to 'be nourished. And passing fair was the child, 
 but so frail and tender that it was needful to place it in a 
 basket to. be reared. But after lighting upon this gift whilst 
 hewing bamboos, he ceased not from his daily toil, and night 
 after night, as he shore through the reeds and opened their 
 internodes, came he upon one filled with grain of gold, and 
 80, ere long, he amassed great wealth: Meanwhile the child, 
 being duly tended, grew daily in stature, and after three 
 months — wonderful to relate ! — her stature was as that of a 
 maiden of full years. Then her tresses were lifted ^ and she 
 donned the robe of maidenhood, but still came not forth, 
 from behind the curtain.' Thus cherished and watched over 
 and tenderly reared, grew she fair of form, nor could the 
 world show her like, and there was no gloom in any corner 
 of the dwelling, but brightness reigned throughout, nor ever 
 did the Ancient fall into a sorrowful .mood but that his sad- 
 ness was chased away when he beheld the maiden, nor was 
 any angry word ever heard beneath that roof, and happily 
 the days went by. Long the Ancient hewed bamboos, and 
 gathered gold, and thus it was that he came to flourish 
 exceedingly in the land. After this wise grew the girl to 
 maidenhood, and the Ancient named her Mimurodo Imube 
 no Akita, but she was more commonly called tiie Lady 
 Kaguya, the Precious Slender Bamboo of the. Field of 
 Autumn.' Then for three days a great feast was held, and 
 
 ^ Anciently the hair was allowed to fall in Ion? tresses on either shoulder. At 
 the age of 13 or 14 these were brought up and fastened in a sort of knot on the 
 crown or side of the head. The custom is alluded to in a "tanka" of the, 
 Manyoshu (The Myriad Leaves — an Anthology of the tenth century) : 
 
 Tachibana no Under the l(ing-roof' bright with the huea 
 
 reflected 
 tereru nagaya ni from the orange-blooms, 
 
 waga ineshi : hare 1 slumbered — 
 
 nnahi bakari wa a girl of tender years, 
 
 kami a^etsurairka P shall my tresses ever be bonnd up ? 
 
 > Hung before the toko, or alcove, or upper end of the liouse-place. The 
 meaning is that she remained within her mother's care, onbetrothed and unmarried. 
 ' Mimurodo means the place of three eaves, alluding, perhaps, to the aboriginal 
 habit (still practised in Tezo) of living in caves or half-underground huts. It is 
 sometimes written mimoro, which has 'the signification of a sacred {mi) place. 
 Imube {imbe or imibe) were originally the hereditary builders of Shinto shrines. 
 In certain provinces — Sanuki was one— the designation became a family-name. 
 Mr. Satow explains it as signifying an association (me or be) eschewing (tint) un- 
 deannesB. Akita is the Field of Autumn, more strictly the laboured field made 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO.HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 3 
 
 the neighbours, one and all, menfolk and womenfolk, were 
 invited, and they came in merry crowds and noble was the 
 revelry.' 
 
 The Wooing of ihe Maiden, 
 (tsuma-qoi.) 
 
 Now the gentles dwelling in those parts, men of name 
 and eke men of low degree, thought of nothing but how 
 they might win this fair maiden to wife, or even gaze upon 
 her beauty, and so distracted were they with love that they let 
 their passion be plain to all the world." Around the fence 
 and about the porch they lingered, but in vnin, for no 
 glimpse of the maiden could be got, nor slept they when 
 night came but wandered out in the darkness, and made 
 holes here and there in the fence and peered through these, 
 but to no purpose did they strain their eyes, for never caught 
 they sight of her on whom tfaey longed to gaze, and thus 
 sped their wooing from the twilight-hour of the monkey 
 onwards. Well-nigh beside themselves were they with love 
 and woe, but no sign was vouchsafed them, and though they 
 essayed to gain speech of some among the household, no word 
 of answer ever got they. So it was, yet many a noble suitor 
 still lingered .thereabouts, watching through the livelong day 
 and through the livelong night, to catch some glimpse of the 
 
 readv in late autumn for the rice-sowing. It is a not uncommon place-name. The 
 vhole subject of Japanese place, family, and personal names awaits investigation. 
 Kaguya is often written jp^ ^ 'illumer of darkness,' hence, perhaps, the 
 present legend. On the other hand, it may, and probably did originally, mean 
 simply the Princess or Goddess Uti mf, i.e. glorious lady) of Kaguyama, or Kago- 
 yama (deer-hill, as Eagoshima is deer-island), the ya being an emphatic suffix. 
 £aguyama is the subject of an oft-quoted stanza, said to have been composed by 
 the £mperor Jito (a.d. 690-6%) on neholding thejnountain bathed in a flood of 
 Bummer sunlight (some say moonlight) : 
 
 Ham sugite The spring hath passed away, 
 
 natsu ki ni kerashi : and the summer nath come ; 
 
 shiro taye no and the pure white raiment (of the gods) 
 
 koromo hosu cho is spread out belike, 
 
 Ama no Kaguyama ! on the slopes of Amonokagn ! 
 
 ^ Such appears to be the meaning of the text, here probably corrupt. The 
 original is otoko o»a Jeirauiazit yohitaudByele ito kaskikoku a$obu, which the com- 
 ' mentary thus explains, otoko onna no kirai tiaku nigiujathiku yobitsudoyetaru 
 nari. Another reading is otoko wa ukekirawazu yo hi hadoyete, etc. 
 
 ' Which was contrary to good manners, and so a proof of the intensity of their 
 love. 
 
11 
 
 4 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 maiden; but those of low degree after a time bethought them 
 'twere vain to pace up and down thus bootlessly, and they 
 departed and came no more. But there tarried five suitors, 
 true lovers, and worthier of ike name belike, in whose hearts, 
 love died not down, and night and day they still haunted the 
 spot. And these noble lovers were the Prince Ishizukuri 
 and the Prince Kuramochi, the Sadaijin Dainagon Abe no 
 Miushi and the Chiunagon Otomo no Miyuki, and Morotada, 
 the Lord of Iso. 
 
 When a woman is somewhat fairer than the crowd of 
 women, how greatly do men long to gaze upon her beauty ! 
 How much more filled with desire to behold the rare loveli- 
 ness of the Lady Kaguya were these lords, who would touch 
 no food, nor could wean their thoughts from her, and con- 
 tinued to pace up and down without the fence, albeit their 
 pain was thus in no wise eased. They indited supplications, 
 but no answer was vouchsafed ; they ofifered stanzas of com- 
 plaint, but these too were disregarded; yet their love lessened 
 no whit, and they affronted the ice and snow of winter and 
 the thunderous heats of mid-summer ^ with equal fortitude. 
 So passed the days, and upon a certain day these lords 
 summoned the Hewer and prayed him to bestow his daughter 
 upon one of them, bowing before him and rubbing their 
 palms together suppliantwise. But he said: "No child, of 
 mine by blood is the maiden, nor can she be constrained 
 to follow my will." And the days and the months went by, 
 and the lords returned to their mansions, but their thoughts 
 still dwelt upon the Maiden, and many a piteous prayer they 
 made, and many a supplication they indited, nor cared they 
 to cease their wooing, for surely, they said to themselves, 
 the Maiden might not remain unmated for ever. And they 
 
 • These names, at least such as require it, will be explained below. 
 
 ' Idinazuki, i.e. Knmi-nashi-tsuki, part of July and August under the old 
 calendar. The name signifies " godless month," because duimg it all the gods 
 were believed to be absent from the world holding council in the bed of the Stream of 
 Heaven (the Milky ^ay), to determine the fortunes of men during the ensuing 
 year. This legend is of Chinese origin, as indeed are most Japanese legends in a 
 greater or less degree, and embodies, perhaps, some memory of the time when the 
 ancestors of the Chinese dwelt about tne sources of the Tellow Eiver, which was 
 supposed to be the continuation on earth of the Stream of Heaven. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HE'WER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 5 
 
 continued their suit, and so plainly did they manifest the 
 strength of their passion that the Ancient was constrained 
 to say to the Maiden, " By the grace of Buddha,' through 
 the C3'cle of changes hast thou come to us, daughter, and 
 from babe to maid have we cherished thee, and I pray thee 
 hearken to the words of an old man who loveth thee passing 
 well." 
 
 And the Maiden answered : 
 
 " What might my father say that his daughter would not 
 give dutiful ear to ? I know not if I came to thee through 
 the cycle of changes, but this I know, that thou art my dear 
 father." 
 
 Then the Ancient replied : 
 
 " Right happy do thy words make me, daughter ; but con- 
 sider, I am an old man whose years outnumber seventy, 
 to-day I may pass away or to-morrow, and 'tis the way 
 of the world that the youth cleave to the maid, and the maid 
 to the youth, for thus the world increaseth, nor otherwise are 
 things ordered." 
 
 But £aguya said : 
 
 " Oh father, what mean these words you utter ; must it 
 then be as you say ? " 
 
 "Ay," replied the Ancient, "though strangely hast thou 
 come to us through the cycle of changes, yet hast thou the 
 nature of a woman, while such are thy father's years that he 
 may not long tarry in the world to protect thee. These lords 
 have sought thee to wife for months and years, listen, prithee, 
 to their supplication, and let them have speech with thee, 
 each in due turn." 
 
 Eaguya answered : 
 
 "Not so fair am I that I may be certain of a man's faith, 
 and were I to u.'tte with one whose heart proved fickle, 
 what a miserable fate were mine ! Noble lords, with- 
 out doubt, are these of whom thou speakest, but I would 
 not wed a man whose heart should be all untried and 
 unknown." 
 
 ' Or " my child, my Buddha," «'.«. " my darling.'' 
 
6 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 
 
 And the Ancient said : 
 
 "Thou speakest my very thoughts, daughter. But, 
 prithee, what manner of man hast thou a mind to mate 
 with ? Assuredly these lords are of noble nature and 
 nurture." 
 
 Then she answered : 
 
 " Nay, 'tis but that that I would know what the quality 
 of these noble gentlemen's constancy may be. So like are 
 the hearts of men that one may by no means easily part the 
 better from the worse; go, I pray you, to these lords, and say 
 to them, your daughter will follow him who shall prove him- 
 self the worthiest to mate with." 
 
 And the Ancient, nodding assent to her words, said : 
 
 •"Tiswell." 
 
 Now the night fell, and the suitors assembled and sere- 
 naded the Maiden with flute-music and with singing, with 
 chanting' to accompaniments and piping, and with cadenced 
 tap and clap of fan, in the midst whereof came forth the 
 Ancient, and thus spake them : 
 
 " Months and years have my lords tarried by this poor 
 hut, and their servant presents his respectful homage and 
 ventures to offer his humble gratitude for their high favour. 
 But many are his years, and he knows not whether he may 
 pass away to-day or to-morrow. After this wise hath he 
 spoken to the Maiden and prayed her to choose one among 
 your lordships for a husband; but she would fain learn which 
 of you be the worthiest, and him alone will she wed. Fair 
 seemed her speech to your servant, perchance your lordships, 
 too, will not disdain her words." And they nodded assent, 
 saying : " It is well." Whereupon the Ancient went within 
 and spoke with the damsel, and thus she expressed her 
 will : 
 
 "In Tenjiku' is a beggar's bowl of stone, which, of old, 
 the Buddha himself bore, in quest whereof let Prince Ishi- 
 zukuri depart and bring me the same. And on the mountain 
 
 ^ The Japanese form of the Chinese Buddhist name for Northern India said to 
 he a corruption of " Shiutuh," or the Chinese form of the name now known 
 as Scinde, 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 7 
 
 Hdrai, that towers over the Eastern ocean, grows a tree with 
 roots of silver and trunk of gold and fruitage of pure white 
 jade, and I bid Prince Kuraraoohi fare thither and break oflf 
 and bring me a branch thereof. Again in the land of Moro« 
 koshi men fashion fur-robes of the pelt of the Flame-proof 
 Eat, and I pray the Dainagon to find me one such. Then of 
 the Chiunagon I require the rainbow-hued jewel that hides 
 its sparkle deep in the dragon's head ; and from the hands of 
 the Lord of Iso would I fain receive the cowry-shell that the 
 swallow brings hither over the broad sea-plain." 
 
 But the Ancient said : 
 
 " Terrible tasks these be — ^the things thou requirest, 
 daughter, are not to be founct within the four seas ; how 
 may one bid these noble lords depart upon like quests ? " 
 
 "Nay," quoth the damsel, "these be no tasks beyond stout 
 men's strength." 
 
 Thereupon the Ancient saw that there was nothing for it 
 but to obey, and he went out from her, and told the suitors 
 all that had passed, saying : 
 
 " Thus hath it been willed, and these are the tasks that 
 must be accomplished that your worth may be known." 
 
 But the princes and the lords murmured among them- 
 selves, and said : 
 
 "'Tis, forsooth, that the Lady holds in disdain our courteous 
 suit." So they turned and with heavy hearts fared each to 
 Lis own home. 
 
 The Sacred Begging-Bowl of the Buddha. 
 
 (hotoke no mi ishi no hachi.) 
 
 Now the days to come seemed void of pleasure to Prince 
 Ishizukuri ' if never he might gaze upon the Lady's beauty, 
 and he fell to turning over in his mind whether he might not 
 light upon the Holy Buddha's bowl if he went up and down the 
 
 1 Ishiiukfiri no miko. Miko is noble i^mt) child (io), originally a prince of the 
 blood royal. lahizukari {Isukuri) may mean ' stone-built,' or, in a bad sense, 
 ' stone-counterieit.' Sei-yo zukuri is still a common expression for ' weslem- 
 fashioned.* 
 
8 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 land of Tenjiku in search thereof. But the Prince cared not 
 to set out lightly on such a journey, and after much ponder- 
 ing over the matter he bethought himself it were after all a 
 vain quest to fare tens of thousands of leagues on the chance 
 of finding, in all the broad land of Tenjiku, a certain 
 beggar's dish. Therefore, he let it be made known to the 
 Lady that be had that very day undertaken the Quest ; but 
 towards Tenjiku he fared not a league, but hid him in 
 Yamato, and abode there three years, at the etld whereof, in 
 a hill-monastery in Tochi, he found upon an altar of Binzuru* 
 a bowl blackened by age and begrimed with smoke, which 
 he took and wrapped in a web of brocade. He then attached 
 the gift to an artificial Bloom-branch,' and sought again the 
 dwelling of the Lady Kaguya, and caused the gift to be 
 carried in to her. And as she looked upon the Bowl she 
 marvelled greatly, and in it lay a scroll, which she opened, 
 and a stanza was writ thereon : 
 
 Umi yama no Over seas, over hills 
 
 michi no kokoro wo hath thy servant fared, and weary 
 
 tsukushi-hate : and wayworn he perisheth : 
 
 ishi no hachi no what tears hath cost this bowl of- 
 
 stone, 
 namida nagare wa ! ' what floods of streaming tears ! 
 
 Then the Lady looked again to see if the Bowl shone with 
 light,* but not so much as a firefly's twinkle could she 
 discover, and she caused the bowl to be returned to the 
 Prince, and with it was bestowed a scroll whereotx was writ 
 a verse r 
 
 , • Piijdola, the Snccourer in Skkness, one of the skteen Raltan. In the Sultu- 
 zS-iui this Aihat (Eakan) is the first enumerated, and ia called Hstsora taeha. 
 He is represented as an old nan seated by the edge nf a precipice oTerlookiao' the 
 sea, and holding in his right hand a feather-brush (?) to keep oS flies, in his left 
 a scroll Jor tablet ?) of the law. 
 
 ' It was a prettjr custom in Old Japan to accompany a gift with u branch of 
 peach or plum or wild cherry in full bloom. 
 
 ' The last two lines, by a word-play, may be read iihi no via chi no namida 
 na/are tea ? which would mean ' ot a truth this stone hath been the bed of a 
 stream of tears of blood.' In winter, when the rivers in Japan are at their driest 
 the stony central portion of the broad river-bed is laid bare, along which flows 
 the diminished stream. 
 
 ' Ihe intrinsic splendour of a true relic of the Buddha is meant. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 
 
 9 
 
 Oku tsuyu no 
 hikari wo da ni mo 
 
 Ogura yama nite 
 
 nani motomekemu? 
 
 Of the hanging dewdrop 
 not even the passing sheen 
 dwells herein : 
 On the Hill of Barkness, the Hill 
 
 of Ogura,' 
 what oouldest thou hope to find P 
 
 Thereupon the Prince east away the Bowl and made answer 
 
 'thus wise: 
 
 Sh 
 
 irayama " ni 
 
 ayeba hikari no 
 usuru ka to : 
 hachi wo sutete mo 
 
 tanomaruru kana I 
 
 Nay, OB the Hill df Brightness 
 
 what splendour 
 
 will net pale ? 
 
 would that away from the light 
 
 of thy beauty 
 that heedless of yonder 
 bowl th« Lady migkt still listen to my suit ! " 
 
 But no answer would the Lady make, nor give ear to any 
 supplication,, and the Prince, wearied with bootless com- 
 plainings, after awhile turned him sadly away and departed.. 
 And still men say of a crestfallen fellow, " hachi (haji) wo 
 suteru." » 
 
 -' Situate m_ the district in wbich the Bovl had been fonad; In gurtt 
 {kura with »f]^m) ris inyolved the sense of darkness {Jcurtulii], though the 
 character used in writing the name means "granary." So iu a tunka (ode) of 
 the Manydfihu ; — 
 
 *" ^ As the shades of evening fall 
 
 on the Bill of Ogura, 
 the cttlSng deer 
 cease tUs night their cry, 
 and in alumoer is wrapped the world. 
 
 Ynu sareba, 
 Ogura no yama ni 
 ' naku shika-no 
 koyoi wa nakazu, 
 ine ni kerashi ', 
 And again : — 
 
 Ohoigawa 
 ukayeni fane no 
 
 kagari-bi ni 
 Ogura no yama i^a 
 na nomi narikeri \ 
 
 On the waters of the Ohoi 
 float the tsher-barks ; 
 was it in the glare 6f their decdy-fires, 
 Hill of Ogura, ■' 
 thon gainedst thy name P 
 ^ Bhirayama is said to be opposite in sitoaiion as in the meaning involved 
 jn its name (originally, no doubt, Shiroyama or Castle Hill, but corrupted into 
 ISMrayttma or White Hill), to Ogurayama. The intrinsic brilliance of the Bowl was 
 lost in that of the Lady's beauty, if it were cast aside out of her presence its sheen : 
 would become visible. 
 
 ^ Sachi^ bowl, by ni^ort becomes Aa;'i, shame ; hence the word-play, conveying 
 a sense of the shame which attends the defeat of a tricky and dishonest scheme. 
 
10 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWfiE : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 The Jewei.-B earing Brakch of Modnt Horai. 
 
 (HoElAI NO TAMA NO YEDA.) 
 
 Of a ^ly turn was Prince Kuramoclii, and he gave out to 
 the world that he was about to take the baths in the land of 
 Tsukushi, but to the Lady Kaguya he let it be declared that 
 he was setting out upon the Quest after the Jewel-laden 
 Branch. So he fared towards Naniwa with some of his 
 squires, but not many, for he alleged him fain to travel 
 without state, and took with him but a few of those who 
 were in closest attendance upon their lord, and even these, 
 after they had watched bim with their eyes as he took boat, 
 went back to Miako. Thus the Prince made folk think he 
 had departed faring towards Tsukushi or towards Horai, but 
 he tarried three days at !Naniwa, and then turned him again 
 capitalwards, being sculled up-stream. Beforehand all need- 
 ful commands had been given, and six men of the IJchimaro 
 family, the most noted craftsmen of the time, had been 
 sought out and lodged in a dwelling aloof from the world- 
 ways and surrounded with a triple fence, and there the 
 Prince too retreated. Then he furnished the chief of the 
 craftsmen with resources drawn from sixteen of his farms,' 
 the produce of which he allotted to that purpose, and caused 
 furnaces to be erected and a jewel-laden branch to be 
 fashioned differing no whit from that which the Lady 
 Kaguya had hidden him go in quest of. Thus cunningly 
 the Prince laid his scheme, and taking the branch with him 
 set off secretly, and embarking in a boat journeyed down to 
 Naniwa, whence he let it be made known to his squires that 
 he had returned, and assuming the guise of one terribly 
 worn and spent with travel, awaited their coming. And his 
 squires and retainers came accordingly to meet him> where- 
 
 1 Thia seems to be the general sense of an obscure and probably corrupt 
 passage — shirasetamaitaru kagiri Jiuroku so wo (o ?) hami ui kudo wo akete, etc. 
 1 have followed the hints girenin the commentary of Ohide. Perhaps the passao-e 
 ought to TeBd,jiuroku sho (bo) no kami no kttra, etc. Another commentator sugge^ 
 that So kami is the county of Sokami. and retains kudo, furnace, the reference 
 then being to sixteen furnaces or pottery ovens in Sokami. But this interpreta- 
 tion seems far-fetched. Possibly a sort of pun is intended on the Prince's name 
 Knramocbi, which really meaning {Kuruma-mnefi't), " guardian or keeper of the 
 Mikado's carriages," may also be read as signifying "superintendent of the 
 Boyal treasuries or granaries." 
 
THE. OLD BAMBOO-HEWEB : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 1 1 
 
 upon the Prince caused the Branch to be placed in a coffer 
 which was covered with brocade, and a clamour arose as he 
 went through the city. "Wonderful! the Prince Kuramochi 
 comes up to the capital, bearing with ^m the IJdonge ' in 
 bloom." But the Lady Kaguya, when these tidings reached 
 her, said to herself, "This Prince hath surely gotten the 
 better of me," and her heart broke within her. While thus 
 matters stood was heard a knocking at the entrance, and 
 presently it was announced that the Prince had presented 
 himself and begged to be permitted to speak with the Lady, 
 although still wearing his travelling-garb, for he had perilled 
 his life in the quest after the Jewel-laden Branch, and had 
 won it, and now desired to lay it at her feet. The Ancient 
 received the message, and took the Branch and carried it 
 within, and attached to it was a scroll whereon was written 
 a staQza : 
 
 Itazura ni. Though it were ajt the peril 
 
 mi wa nashitsu tomo, of my very life, 
 
 tama no ye wo without the Jewel-laden Branch 
 
 taorade, saye wa in my hands never again 
 
 kayerazaramashi ! would I have dared to return I 
 
 But the Lady looked on the Branch and was sad, and the 
 Ancient came to her hastily, saying, " 'Tis the very branch, 
 daughter, thou desiredst the Prince to bring thee from Mount 
 Horai, and he has accomplished the Quest thou badest him 
 undertake without failing in any particular, nor mayst thou 
 delay his guerdon ; without tarrying to cha:nge his raiment, 
 and before seeking his own mansion, has he hasted hither, 
 nor longer canst thou refuse his suit." 
 
 But the maiden answered nothing, resting her chin mourn- 
 fully on her palm, while the tears streamed in floods over 
 her cheeks. Meanwhile the Prince, thinking that now he 
 need dread no denial, remained waiting in the porch-way, 
 and the Ancient resuming,' said : " The like of this Jewel- 
 laden Branch is not to be found within the four seas, thou 
 
 ^ The Buddhist Uduinhaia; the fig-tree (Ficua fflomerata), belieTed to flower 
 once only in three thousand years, hence the expression is nsed id respect of any- 
 thing very rare and marrellons. 
 
12 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 
 
 canst not refuse the promised guerdon, nor is the Prince un- 
 comely of person." 
 
 But the Lady answered : " Hard it is thus still to oppose 
 my father's will, hut this thing is deemed unattainable 
 whereof I laid the quest upon the Prince, yet how easily 
 hath he won it ; a bitter grief it is to thy daughter." Then 
 the Ancient fell to busying himseK with putting the chamber 
 in order, and after awhile went out and accosted the Prince 
 again, saying : "Tour servant would fain know what manner 
 of place it may be where grows this tree — ^how wonderful a 
 thing it is, and -lovely and pleasant to see ! " And the Princ6 
 answered : " The year before yesteryear, on the tenth of the 
 second month (Kisaragi), we took boat at Naniwa and sculled 
 out into the ocean, not knowing what track to follow; but I 
 thought to myself, what would be the profit of continuing 
 life if I might not attain the desire of my heart ; so pressed 
 we onwards, blown where the wind listed. If we perished 
 even what mattered it, while we lived we would make what 
 way we could over the sea-plain, and perchance thus might 
 we somehow reach the mountain men do call Horai. So re- 
 solved we sculled further and further over the heaving 
 waters, until far behind us lay the shores of our own land. 
 And as we wandered thus, now deep in the trough of the sea 
 we saw its very bottom, now blown by the gale we came to 
 strange lands, where creatures like demons fell upon us 
 and were like to have slain us • Now, knowing neither 
 whence we had come nor whither we tended, we were almost 
 swallowed up by the sea ; now, failing of food we were 
 driven to live upon roots ; now, again, indescribably terrible 
 beings came forth and would have devoured us ; or we had 
 to sustain our bodies by eating of the spoil of the sea. 
 Beneath strange skies Ti-oxe we, and no human creature was 
 there to give us succour; to many diseases fell we prey as we 
 drifted along knowing not whitherwards, and so tossed we 
 over the sea-plain, letting our boat follow the wind foi five 
 hundred days. Then, about the hour of the dragon, four 
 hours ere noon, saw we a high hill looming faintly over the 
 watery waste. Long we gazed at it, and marvelled at the 
 
13 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE KOMANCE. 
 
 majesty of the mountain rising out of the sea. Lofty it was 
 and fair of form, and doubting not it was the mountain 
 we were seeking, our hearts were filled with awe. We plied 
 the oar, and coasted it for two, days or three, and then we 
 saw a woman, arrayed like an angel, come forth out of the 
 hills, bearing a silver vessel which she filled with water. 
 So we landed and accosted her, saying : ' How call men this 
 mountain P ' and she said, ' 'Tis Mount Horai,' whereat our 
 hearts were filled with joy. * And yon, who tell us this, who 
 then are you,' we inquired. ' My name is H5kanruri,' she 
 answered, and thereupon suddenly withdrew among the hills. 
 On scanning the mountain, we saw no man could climb its 
 slopes, 80 steep were they, and we wandered about the foot 
 thereof, where grew trees bearing blooms the world cannot show 
 the like of. There we found a stream flowing down from the 
 mountain, the waters whereof were rainbow-hued, yellow as 
 gold, white as silver, blue as precious ruri ; ^ and the stream 
 was spanned by bridges built up of divers gems, and by it 
 grew trees laden with dazzling jewels, and from one of these 
 I broke off the branch which I venture now to offer to the 
 Lady Kaguya. An evil deed, I fear me, but how could 
 I do otherwise than accomplish the object of my Quest? 
 Delightful beyond all words is yonder mountain, in all the 
 world there exists not its like. After I had plucked off the 
 branch, my heart brake within me, and I hasted on board, 
 and we sped hitherwards with a fair wind behind us, and 
 after some four hundred days came to Naniwa, whence 
 I departed without tarrying, so great was my desire to lay 
 the Branch at the feet of the Lady, nor did I even change my 
 raiment, soddened with the brine of ocean." 
 
 Moved by the piteous tale the Ancient composed a stanza : 
 Kuretake no Amid the gloomy bamboo-groves 
 
 yoyo no take torn long long have I hewed bamboos, 
 
 noyama ni mo : even upon the wild hill-sides ; 
 
 saya wa wabishiki but thus sad aa intemode 
 
 fushi wo nomi miji ! (thus sad a fortune) never have 
 
 I beheld. 
 ' See belov. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 14 
 
 The Prince read the verse and said : " For these many 
 days have I endured misery, now methinks shall I know 
 peace," and indited a stanza in reply : 
 
 Waga tamoto The sleeve of my garment 
 
 kiyo kawakereba, but this day hath become dry, 
 
 wabishiki no and of miseries 
 
 chigusa ' no kazu mo the countless kinds I have endured 
 wasurarenubeshi ! no longer will be remembered 
 
 by me. 
 
 At this juncture came six men within the fence, one after 
 the other, and one of them carried a cleft bamboo, bearing a 
 scroll in the cleft, and said : "The chief of the craftsmen, 
 Ayabe no TJchimaro, humbly represents that he and his 
 fellows for the space of a thousand days broke their hearts 
 and spent their strength in fashioning the Jewel-laden 
 Branch. Yet, though long and heavy their labours, they 
 have received no wage for their toil, and he humbly prays 
 that they may be accorded due payment that they may have 
 wherewithal to buy food for their wives and little ones." 
 Then he lifted up the bamboo with the scroll in its cleft. 
 The Ancient, with his head on one side, marvelled as he 
 heard the words of the caaftsman, but the Prince was beside 
 himself with dismay, and felt his liver perish within him. 
 And the Lady Kaguya, hearing of the matter, commanded 
 that the scroll should be brought to her, whereupon it was 
 taken within and unrolled and thus was it writ thereon: 
 " Lately His Highness shut himself up with us mean crafts- 
 men, and caused a jewel-laden branch of the rarest beauty 
 to be fashioned, and promised me by way of guerdon the 
 mastership of the craft. And after pondering over the 
 matter, coming to know that the Branch was to be bestowed 
 upon the Lady Kaguya, who was about to become a Lady of 
 the Palace, I deemed it well to seek aid at the Lady's 
 dwelling that my guerdon might be given me and the wages 
 due be paid to us." 
 
 • Chigma, thousand herbs— an expression signifying a thousand kinds, or the 
 innumerable, tliat is, all kinds and varieties of wretchedness. 
 
15 THE OLD BAMBOO-HBWEa : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 
 
 As the Lady Kaguya read these words, her face, which 
 had heen clotided with grief, turned radiant with joy, and 
 she summoned the Ancient and smilingly said to him : " Ha. 
 a veritable Branch from Horai this ; by my faith, let his false 
 and trickful Highness be dismissed at once and take his 
 Jewel-laden Branch with him ! " 
 
 The Ancient nodded assent, saying: "As the Branch is 
 clearly a counterfeit, there need be no hesitation about 
 returning it." 
 
 And with the Branch the Lady Kaguya, her heart now 
 free of gloom, sent this stanza : 
 
 Makoto ka to Was it the true branch of Horai 
 
 kikite mitsureba, I asked as I gazed on thy gift : 
 
 koto no ha wo mere leaves of sound (words) 
 
 kazareru tama no were the jewels that adorned it, 
 
 yeda ni zo arikeru ! the Branch of Bloom thou 
 
 broughtest me. 
 
 So was the False Branch returned to the Prince. The 
 Ancient remembered the lying tale wherewith he had been 
 beguiled, and regarded His Highness with anger, who mean- 
 while stood still a space, not knowing whether to go or stay. 
 But as the sun sank deeper in the west, he bethought him 
 again, and slunk off. Now the Lady Kaguya summoned the 
 craftsmen who had caused this pother, and praised them, giving 
 them ample largesse, whereat they rejoiced greatly, saying, 
 thus they knew things would he, and departed. But on. 
 their way homewards they were set upon and punished by 
 order of the Prince, blood was shed, and all their treasure 
 was taken from them, and thus despoiled they fled and 
 vanished. But His Highness felt he was pul; to unexampled 
 shame, and his discomfiture threw a shadow over the 
 remainder of his days. " Not only," he complained, " have 
 I lost my mistress, but my name has become a reproach 
 throughout the land." Thereupon he fled to the deepest 
 recesses of the hills, and dwelt there all the rest of his days. 
 Times and again the chiefs and retainers of his household 
 sought to discover their lord's retreat, but could not, and he 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER: JAPANESE EOMANCE. 16 
 
 was as it were dead. And it was out of this history of His 
 Highness Prince Kuramochi that arose the expression "tama- 
 zakaru." ' 
 
 The Flamk-proof Fuk-Eobe. 
 
 (Hl-NEZUMI NO KaWAGOKOMO.) 
 
 The Sadaijin' Abe no Miushi' was a lord of wealth and 
 substance, and mighty withal. In the year whereof we 
 speak, came to our country a merchant of Morokoshi,* by 
 name Wokei,* on board a sliip of that land, to whom was 
 indited a letter requiring him to buy for the Sadaijin a 
 fur-robe, which was said to exist, made of the pelt of the 
 Flame-proof Eat,* and Ono no Fusamori, one of the trustiest 
 of his lord's squires, was despatched in charge of the missive. 
 So Fusamori took the letter and went down to the coast,' and 
 delivered it to Wokei, to whom hfe likewise gave gold. 
 Wokei unrolled the scroll and read it, and made answer thus: 
 
 " The Flame-proof Fur- Robe is not to be obtained in my 
 country ; men have talked of such a robe, but it has not been 
 seen. If it exists anywhere, it is a thing that should assuredly 
 be brought to this land, but 'tis very hard to get by way of 
 trade. Nevertheless, if by any hap such a robe has been 
 carried to India, the great merchants may be able to obtain 
 it, and should they fail, the gold now bestowed upon me 
 shall be returned to him who brought it, to hand back to the 
 Lord Sadaijin." 
 
 ITpon the ship's return from the land of Morokoshi, 
 
 1 An expreasion wliich may by taken to mean either, " blooming with jewels," 
 or "pieeionslj blooming," or again, tamathii-zakaru, " to have one's vite gone 
 a wool-^thenng." 
 
 ' Sadaijin, Left Great Minisier, next in rank to the Daijodaijin or Premier. 
 
 3 In some texts Abe no Mimnraji. Mi-muraji is Great Cnieftain, see Mr. 
 Chamberlain's translation of the Kojiki. 
 
 * An invented name. The characters are ^ J^, 
 
 ■ A common designation of China, even np to recent times. Its derivation is 
 uncertain. 
 
 ' Bi-neatnU. Keiumi (root-gnawer or perhaps rice (ine) gnawer) is a ^neric 
 name for Bodents. In the legend is doubtless involved an allasion to the asbestos- 
 cloth mentioned in Colonel Yule's admirable work on Marco Polo, as a product 
 of the country lying north of China proper. 
 
 ' Probably to Hakata in Chikuzen, a favourite resort of Chinese traders in 
 early times. 
 
17 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEa : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 the Sadaijin, having tidings that Fusamori was on board and 
 was making ready to come up to the capital, despatched 
 a swift horse to meet him, so that he journeyed from 
 Tsukushi to Miako in the short space of seven days.* Then a 
 letter was delivered to the Sadaijin, who unrolled it and read 
 these words: "The Flame-proof Fur-robe have I finally 
 won, aftep. great toil and the despatch of many men in quest 
 thereof, ior difficult it is to find now, as it was of old. Long 
 ago a venerable priest from India brought such a robe into 
 our lai^d, and I heard that it was preserved in a certain 
 temple lying among the remote western hills. I besought 
 the aid of the ruler of the district, which was accorded me, 
 and was allowed to purchase the robe, but the mon^y was not 
 sufficient, and fifty riyos^ of my own monies were added, 
 which doubtless will be repaid to me ere the ship depart, or 
 the Robe will be returned as pledge for the same." " Nay," 
 cried the Sadaijin, " what is this talk about the gold ; let the 
 merchant have his gold without delay ; welcome to me 
 beyond words is the fruit of his quest." And turning his 
 face towards the land of Morokoshi, he bowed him thrice, 
 clasping bis hands thankfully. Then, looking at the casket 
 wherein the Fur-Robe was laid folded, he saw that it was 
 beautifully adorned with inlaid work of various kinds of 
 precious ruri,' and the Robe itself was of a glaucous ' colour, 
 the hairs tipped with shining gold, a treasure indeed of 
 incomparable loveliaessj more to be admired for its pure 
 excellence than even for its virtue in resisting the flame 
 of fire. "'Tis the very Robe, how pleased, methinks, the 
 Lady Kaguya will be," cried the Sadaijin, and laid the Eobe 
 
 > The distance ia described as more than 900 ri (the Chinese It toe meant) 
 hj the land route. 
 
 ' l.iang or taels, greatly exceeding In purchasing value, but to an extent not 
 now definitely ascertatnable, the tael or riyo of the present day, 
 
 ' In the Commentary ruri is said to be a Und of precious stone that stands the 
 file, ten kinds of which are found within the famous ^ ^ S Xa Ts'in 
 country, supposed by some to be the Roman Empire, by others the countries 
 lying west of China. Possibly varieties of turquoise or lapis lazuli are ctvered 
 by the name. It has also been identified with the emerald, and Dr. Williams 
 says it is the Sanskrit Vaidiirya, which appears to be a sort of lapis laziili. 
 
 ' S*. Probably a brilliant (lit. golden) shade of blue is meant. The 
 Commentary explains the tint as superior to that of the sky & W. 
 
 2 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 18 
 
 carefully in the casket which he attached to a Branch of 
 Bloom ; and putting on his fairest apparel,' and feeling 
 assured that the gift would win him his wooing, added a 
 scroll, whereon was writ a stanza, and carried the gift to the 
 Lady's abode. 
 
 Kagiri naki Endless are the fires of love 
 
 omoi ni yakenu that consume me, yet unconsumed 
 
 kawagoromo : is the Kobe of Fur : 
 
 tamoto kawakite dry at last are my sleeves, 
 
 kiyo koso wa mime I for shall I not see her face this day ! 
 
 Thus cheering himself, the Sadaijin reached the entrance 
 of the Lady's dwelling, and the Ancient came out and took 
 the casket and bore it within to the Lady Eaguya. And she 
 gazed awhile upon the Robe and said : 
 
 " A fair robe of fur it seems to be, but till it be proved, 
 how can we know if it be not false." 
 
 But the Ancient answered : 
 
 "However that may be, deign to invite the Sadaijin to 
 enter ; the like of yonder Bobe the world doth not appear 
 to hold ; be not so distrustful, daughter, nor drive men to 
 despair." 
 
 Then he went out and invited the Sadaijin to enter. And 
 now the Lady, though her heart was heavy, felt she' must 
 receive him, for greatly as the Ancient had grieved over her 
 continued maidenhood, seeking ever to find her a worthy 
 mate, yet never had he sought to constrain her, seeing how 
 deeply she dreaded to give herself to any man. 
 
 But she said to the Ancient : " If this Eobe be thrown 
 amid the flames and be not burnt up, I shall know it is in 
 very truth the Flame-proof Robe, and may no longer refuse 
 this lord's suit. As it has not its fellow in the world, and 'tis 
 averred to be, without doubt, the famous Robe that resists 
 flame, the proof may well be dared." 
 
 And the Ancient agreed, and told the Sadaijin it must be 
 so, whereupon he answered : " What doubt can there be — 
 
 > More literaUy, taking the greatest pains with his personal appearance, as if 
 he was going to a Court Levee — on mi no kvso {keahoj ito itaku thite. 
 
19 THE OLf> BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE KOMAJIOE. 
 
 even in the land of Morokoahi the Eobe was not to be gpt, 
 and could only be found after long and toilsome search ; 
 nevertheless, as the Lady will have it so, let the Robe be oast 
 among the ^ames," 
 
 And a fire was kindled, and the Eobe was flung therein 
 and in a flash of flame perished utterly. So was it shown 
 that it was not, in truth, made of the famous Flame-proof 
 Eur. When the Sadaijin saw this, his face grew green as 
 grass, and he stood there astonished. But the Lady Kaguya 
 rejoiced exceedingly, and caused the casket to be returned 
 with a scroll in it whereon wm writ a verse : — 
 
 Na^ori naku mo Without ft vestige even left 
 moyu to shiriseba, thus to bum utterly away, 
 
 kawagoromo liad,I dreamt it of this Robe of Fur, 
 
 omoi no hoka ni 0, would I have exposed it to so unexpected 
 okitemimashiwo! a fate ! fer from the fierce flame kept 
 
 would I have feasteJ my eyes upon it I '' 
 
 But the Sadaijin withdrew discomfited and shut himself 
 up in his mansion. . And men, hearing that Abe had ac- 
 complished his Quest and was abiding with the Lady 
 Kaguya, inquired at the Lady's dwelling if that were so, 
 and were told the fate of the Robe of Fur and that he 
 abode not with the Lady, and hearing this they exclaimed 
 "An ahenaghi,^ piece of work in truth, this fruitless job." * 
 
 The Jewel in the Dragon's Heai<. 
 
 (TaTSTJ no KUBI no TAMA.) 
 
 The Bainagon ' Otomo no Miyuki,* being in his mansion, 
 assembled his household and deigned to Bay : " In the head 
 of the Dragon lies a jewel, rainbow-hued, and on him who 
 
 ' There is a word-play here on the i (At) of omoi, hi meaning ' flame.' 
 
 * Ahmaahi {aymashi), with nigori, abenaahi. Ayentuhi'lS^ |l£ or |l£ jS 
 is a locution used of a bootless undertaking, sometiiing feeble, awkward and un- 
 successful. 
 
 ' Vaimgim, Great Councillor, next in rank to the Udaijin, or Bight Great 
 Minister, who followed the Sadaijin. 
 
 * Utomo seems to mean many multitudes or companies of men, -Miynki the 
 
 fersonal name — is homophonous with the word signifying a Royal Progress or 
 'romenade. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPAXESE EOMAXCE. 20 
 
 shall win it tne shall nought remain unbestowed he may 
 desire." His men listened to their lord's words, and one 
 said humbly : " The high behests of our lord his servants 
 hear with trembling awe ; but how shall a mortal man light 
 upon such a jewel, or, draw it forth from the head of a 
 Dragon ! " Whereto the Dainagon answered : " If ye call 
 yourselves the servants of your lord, even at the peril of yonr 
 lives are ye bound to do his bidding. The jewel whereof 
 I speak is not to be found in our land,' nor yet in the land 
 of Tenjiku, nor in that of Morokoshi ; the Dragon is 
 a monster that creeps up the hill-slopes from the sea 
 and rushes down them into the ocean ^ — but of what. can 
 ye be thinking in shirking this Quest ? " And they said : 
 " As our lord wills, so must it be, and albeit the task were a 
 perilous one, we will not shirk it." Whereupon the Dainagon 
 regarded them with a smile, and cried,' " Ye would not 
 surely put shame on your lord's name nor refuse to do his 
 bidding." 
 
 Then he dismissed them upon the Quest after Vhe Dragon's 
 head gem, and that they might pot want for food and 
 support on their way, endless store of silk and cotton and 
 coin and other things needful were bestowed upon them. 
 And the Dainagon promised that he would live in seclusion, 
 awaiting their return, and bade them not cast their looks 
 homewards until they had won the jewel. So they hearkened 
 humbly each of theni and departed. 
 
 They were bidden to 'take the jewel from the Dragon's 
 head, but where to turh their steps they could not tell, and 
 they fell to reproaching their lord for being thus bewitched 
 by a fair 'face. Then they divided amongst them what had 
 been bestowed upon them, and some withdrew to their 
 houses, there to lie hid, whilS others went whither they 
 
 > That ia, in none of the Sankokn (three, eonnfries, Japan, India, and China), 
 of which, in imitation of the Chinese Sankwoh, the ciTilized world was supposed 
 to consist. . . J L 
 
 ' In some proTinces, says the Commentary, the nvers, roaring down the 
 narrow valleys to the sea during the heavy rains, are supposed to be changed into 
 this particular form of Dragon, which has been seen to lift itself from the sea- 
 surface towards a descending cloud — an interpretation doubtless of the phenomena 
 atteuding the formation of a waterspout. 
 
21 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE EOMAXCE. 
 
 listed. 'Twas very well to be loyal to parent and prince, as 
 the maxim runs, they muttered, but a behest so' burdensome 
 as this could not be obeyed, and bitterly they reproached 
 their lord for having laid upon them such a task. 
 
 Meanwhile the Dainagon deeming his mansion common 
 and mean, and unfit to receive the Lady Kaguya, caused 
 it to be adorned throughou' ind made beautiful with curious 
 laoquer-work in gold and silver, as well as with plain bright 
 lacquer, and over the roof he ordered silken cloths of divers 
 colours to be drawn, and every chamber to be hung with fine 
 brocade, and the panels of the sliding partitions to be en- 
 richpd with cunningly-wrought pictures, and the splendour 
 of the mansion passed all description. And feeling sure that 
 ere long he should obtain possession of the Lady Kaguya, he 
 put away all the women of his household, and passed the 
 days and the nights in solitude, and through the days and 
 the nights awaited the return of his men; and so a year came 
 and went, but still he heard no tidings of them. At last, 
 weary of waiting, and sick at heart with the lack of news, he 
 took two of his squires with him, and thus meanly served 
 journeyed to Naniwa, and made inquiry there if any of. his 
 folk had taken boat in quest of the Dragon, to slay the 
 monster and win the jewel that lay in his head ; but the 
 shipmeu laughed and answered : " 'Tis a strange thing thou 
 speakest of; on such a business be sure no boat has left this 
 haven." Thereupon the Dainagon said to himself : "These 
 be but silly, feeble ship-folk> how should they know aught 
 of this matter ? Myself I will take my bow and despatch 
 this monster, and draw the jewel from his head, nor wait 
 longer for these laggard fellows of mine." So- he took a 
 boat, and embarked in it, and fared over sea until the land 
 lay far behind him, and still he caused the boat to be sculled 
 on until his keel rode on the waters of distant Tsukushi. 
 Then without any foresign the wind rose and the air dark- 
 ened, and the craft was driven hither and thither, biown 
 about by the gale ; now it seemed as though the boat must 
 founder in the trough of the sea, now great billows threat- 
 ened to topple over and overwhelm it, while the thimder-vod 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER,: JAPANESE ROMANCE. 22 
 
 thundered so appallingly that his monstrous drums seemed 
 to hang close overhead. So the Dainagon lost heart, and 
 cried aloud, saying : " Never before have I been in such 
 perilous case, alas ! what help may be invoked ? " And the 
 helmsman answered: "Long have I voyaged in these waters, 
 yet so terrible an ill fortune as this never hath befallen me ; 
 if we sink not to the bottom of the sea, the thunder will 
 strike us; if by good hap the favour of the gods save us from 
 these perils, the gale will drive the boat far amid (the 
 barbarian islands of), the southern ocean ; woe worth the day 
 I took service with my lord of evil fate, where death, belike, 
 must be the wages ! " And as he spoke the shipman burst 
 into tears. But the Dainagon said : 
 
 "He who fares over sea must needs trust himself to the 
 helmsman, who should be steadfast as a high hill. Why 
 speakest thou then thus despairfuUy?" and as he uttered 
 these words a terrible sickness came upon him. Then the 
 lielmsraan answered: "Is your servant then a god that he 
 can render service now P The howling of the wind and the 
 raging of the waves and the mighty roar of the thunder 
 are signs of the wrath of the god whom my lord offends, 
 who would slay the dragon of the deep, for through the 
 dragon is the storm raised, and well it were if my lord 
 offered a prayer." 
 
 "Thou sayest wisely," answered the Dainagon, and he 
 fell to calling upon the god of seafolk, repenting him of his 
 frowardiless and folly who had sought to slay the Dragon, 
 and vowing solemnly that never more would he strive to 
 harm so much as a hair of the great ruler of the deep. A 
 thousand times he repeated his prayer, neither standing nor 
 sitting (but bowing him humbly before the god without 
 ceasing). Then — was it not in answer to his prayer? — the 
 thunder died down and the gloom lifted, but still the wind 
 blew mightily. "'Tis the Dragon's handiwork," said the 
 helmsmau after a while, " a fair wind blows now, and drives 
 the boat swiftly towards our own land." But the Dainagon 
 could not understand him. For three or four days the bark 
 sped before the wind till land came in sight, and they saw 
 
23 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 it was the strand of Akasbi in Harittia. Nevertheless the 
 Dainagon would not be persuaded they had not been blown 
 southwards on some savage shore, and lay motionless and 
 panting in the bottom of the boat, nor would he rise, when 
 the governor of the district, to whom his squires had sent 
 tidings of their lord's misadventure, presented himself. Bat 
 under the pine trees that overshadowed the beach mats were 
 spread, whereupon the Dainagon saw it was on no savag;e 
 shore they had drifted, and he roused himself and goton land. 
 And when the governor saw him, he could not forbear smiling 
 at the wretched appearance of the discomfited lord, chilled to 
 the very bone, with swollen belly and eyes lustreless as sloes. 
 But the proper orders were given, and a litter got ready in 
 which the Dainagon was borne slowly to his mansion. Then 
 those of his followers whom he had sent upon the Quest 
 got wind somehow of their lord's return, and presented 
 themselves humbly before him, saying : " We have failed 
 in our quest, and have lost all claim to an audience, J>ut 
 now 'tis known how terribly hard was the task imposed, 
 and hither have we venttti'ed to come, and we trust that a 
 gracious forbearance will be extended and that we shall not 
 be driven out of our lord's following." 
 
 The Dainagon went out to receive them and said : " Ye 
 have done well to return, even empty-handed. Yonder 
 Dragon, assuredly, has kinship with the Thunder-God, and 
 whoever shall lay hands on him to take the jewel that 
 gleams in his head shall find himself in parlous peril. 
 Myself am sore spent with toil and hardship, and no guerdon 
 have I won. A thief of men's souls, and a destroyer of their 
 bodies, is the Lady Kaguya, nor ever will I seek her abode 
 again, nor ever bend ye your s+eps thitherwards." 
 
 Then the Dainagon took what was left of his substance, 
 and divided it among those whom he had bidden go in 
 quest of the Jewel. And when his women, whom he had 
 dismissed, heard of his misadventure, they laughed till their 
 sides were sore, while the silken cloths he bad caused te 
 be drawn over the roof of his mansion were carried away, 
 thread by thread, by the crows to line their nests with. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HE-WEE : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 24 
 
 And when men asked whether the Dainagon Otomo had 
 won the Dragon-Jewel, they were answered : " Not so, but 
 his eyeballs are become two jewels very like a pair of sloes,' 
 nor other jewels has he won." "Ana! taye^ata,"^ was the 
 reply, and thus the expression first arose. 
 
 The Royal Hunt. 
 
 (Ml-KARl NO MITTIKI.) 
 
 Meanwhile the fame of the incomparable loveliness of the 
 Lady Kaguya had reached the Court, and the Mikado caused 
 one of the palace dames, Fusago by name, to be summoned, 
 and said to her : " Of many a man has the strange beauty of 
 this Kaguya been the ruin ; go thou, therefore, and see what 
 manner of damsel the girl be." 
 
 The Dame heard and departed, and came to the dwelling 
 of the Bamhoo-Hewer, where she was courteously received by 
 the goodwife and invited to enter. " 'Tis at the bidding 
 of His Majesty I have journeyed hither, who has' heard that 
 the beauty of the Lady Eaguya passes all description, and 
 has commanded me to seek audience of her." 
 
 So spoke she and the goodwife answered, "Tour servant 
 will humbly repeat your message," and sought the inner 
 apartment, and prayed the maiden to receive the Palace Dame. 
 But she would not, for that she was no wise beautiful, she said. 
 Then the goodwife chided her for her churlish speech, and in- 
 quired how she dared treat thus rudely the King's message. 
 But the Lady Kaguya still refused to receive the Dame, saying 
 that His Majesty showed little wisdom in despatching one 
 of his ladies upon such an errand. Nor might the Ancient, 
 nor his goodwife constrain her, for though she filled the 
 place of a child born to them, ever she held herself aloof 
 from the ways of the world. So the goodwife sought again 
 the Palace Dame, and said, " Pity 'tis, but of so tender years 
 
 • Sumomo. Chinese ^ opposed to the ^, the peach, symbol of heauty 
 and plumpness. 
 
 * Tayegnia (^oAeyate) means ' insapportahle ' hut irith nigori (tabegata), un- 
 eatable. The Dainagon had got his eyeballs swollen like sloes, and these were 
 uneatable iinita, for bis pains. 
 
25 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPAlfESE EOMANCE. 
 
 is our daughter she may not venture to meet a Lady of the 
 Court." But the Dame answered, not without some anger : 
 "The Damsel may not be excused, for His Majesty has 
 bidden me see her, and how can I return without fulfilling 
 the Royal behest ? Will she set at nought the commands of 
 the Ruler of the Land, and so be guilty of an unexampled 
 •folly?" 
 
 Still the Lady Kaguya willed not to give audience to the 
 Palace Dame, sa3ring : " I cannot yield obedience in this 
 matter, if need be, let me be put to death." 
 
 And the Dame thereupon returned to the Palac«, aAd 
 made report of what had occurred. 
 
 " Verily," said His Majesty, " I can well believe 'tis a 
 woman who revels in the destruction of men." So after 
 a pause, thinking over the matter, the Mikado concluded 
 that she must be constrained to yield due obedience, and 
 caused the Ancient to be summoned to the Palace, to whom 
 was conveyed this command. " A daughter thou hast, 
 Kaguya by name, whom we bid thee bring to us. Fair of 
 face and form we have heard she is, and we sent one of our 
 Ladies to see .her, but she would not be seen. How comes 
 it our will is thus disdainfully received in "thy house ?" 
 
 To which the Ancient answered humbly : " It is true the 
 child willed not to become a Lady of the Palace, and caused 
 your servant sore grief, but he will hasten back to his dwell- 
 ing and lay. your Majesty's gracious commands upon her." 
 To which was deigned the reply : " How ! has not the 
 Ancient reared the child, and may she oppose his will ? Let 
 the Maiden he brought hither, and a hat of nobility, per- 
 chance, shall be her father's reward." 
 
 The Ancient rejoiced greatly at hearing this, and returned 
 to his dwelling, and conveyed the Royal command to the 
 Lady Kaguya, bidding her no longer refuse obedience. But 
 she said : " Never will I serve His Majesty as 'tis desired ; 
 and if constraint he used towards your daughter, she will 
 pine away and die, and the price of my father's hat of 
 nobility will be the destruction of his child." 
 
 " Nay, die thou shaU not," cried the Ancient ; " what were 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 26 
 
 a hat of nobility to me if never again I beheld thee P Yet, 
 daughter, I pray thee, tell thy father why thou refusest to 
 become a Lady of the Palace and why shouldest thou die if 
 thou shouldest serve his Majesty ? " 
 
 " Empty words seem thy daughter's," answered the 
 Damsel, " but true will they prove if she be constrained to 
 do this thing.' Many a suitor has wooed her, lords of no 
 mean estate, who nevertheless have been dismissed, and 
 should she listen to his Majesty, her name would become a 
 reproach among men." 
 
 Then the Ancient answered : " Little care I for matters of 
 state, but thy days must know no peril, nor shalt thou be in 
 any wise constrained, and I will hasten to the palace and 
 humbly represent to His Majesty that thou mayest not become 
 an inmate thereof. 
 
 Thereupon he went up to the Capital, and represented that 
 the Lady Saguya, after hearing the Boyal Command, never- 
 theless willed not to become a Lady of the Palace, and might 
 not be constrained without peril of her life; and further, 
 that she was not the born child of Miyakko Maro, but had 
 been found by him one day when hewing bamboos on the 
 hill-side, and that she was in ways and moods of other 
 fashion than the fashion of this world. Upon this being 
 reported to his Majesty, he said : " Dwells not this Miyakko 
 Maro among the hjlls hard by our capital F Let a Royal 
 Hunt be ordered> and, perchance, thus we may gain a glimpse 
 of the Maiden." 
 
 The Ancient, when the Eoyal pleasure was made known 
 to him, said : " 'Tis an excellent device ; thus may his 
 Majesty, without difiBculty, on the Hunt being unexpectedly 
 ordered, gain a glimpse of the Lady Kaguya ere a thought 
 of it enters her heart." 
 
 So a day was appointed, and the Eoyal Hunt ordered, and 
 the Mikado watched for an opportunity and entered the 
 Bamboo-Hewer's dwelling. And as the threshold was 
 crossed, it was seen that the house was filled with light, and 
 midmost the glory stood a Being. " Ha ! 'tis the Lady," 
 cried the Mikado, and drew nigh, but she made to fly, and a 
 
27 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 royal hand was laid upon her sleeve, and she covered her 
 face, but not with such swiftness that a glimpse of it was not 
 caught, and the loveKness of it was seen to be incomparable. 
 And His Majesty would fain have led her forth, but she stood 
 there and spoke these words : " No liege of your Majesty is 
 his servant, and she may not therefore be thus led away." 
 But it was answered that she must not resist the Royal Will, 
 and a palace litter approached, whereupon of a sudden the 
 Lady <ii88olved in thin air and vanished. The monarch stood 
 dumb with astonishment, and understood that the Lady was 
 of no mortal mould, and said : " It shall be as thou desirest. 
 Maiden ; but 'tis prayed that thou resume thy form, that 
 once more thy beauty may be seen." 
 
 So she resumed her form and the glory of her loveliness 
 filled the Koyal heart with overwhelming delight ; and 
 graciously was the Ancient rememberedf, through whom this 
 joy had come to His Majesty, and upon him was bestowed 
 the rank of Chief of the Hiyak'kwati.^ 
 
 But great was the grief that^the Lady willed not to dwell 
 in the Palace, and as the Monarch was iibout to be borne 
 away, it seemed as if the Royal soul was being left behind, 
 and a stanza was composed whereof the words were these : 
 Kayeru sa no Mournful the return 
 
 miyuki mono uku of the Royal Hunt, 
 
 omohoyete ; and full of sorrow the broooding 
 
 heart ; 
 
 somukite tomaru for she resists and stays behind, 
 
 Eaguya Hime yuye ! the Lady Kaguya ! 
 
 And the Lady answered thuswise : — 
 
 Mugura haf u Under the roof o'ergrown with 
 
 hopbine 
 shimo ni mo toshi wa long were the years 
 
 torinuru mi no ; she passed, 
 
 nanika wa tama no how may she dare to look upon 
 
 uteua wo mo mimu ! the Palace of Precious Jade ? 
 
 1 Here Chief of the Mikado's Betinae : — ^it was, however, merely an honorarr, 
 not a real appointment. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-nE'WXE ; JAPANESE ROMANCE. 28 
 
 "When the answer was read, more than ever was the 
 Monarch disinclined to go back bootless to the Palace, and 
 long the litter was delayed, for no resolve could be come to, 
 until it seemed at last as though the dawn would' be there 
 waited for through the night; whereupon reluctantly was 
 the order given to return. But the Ladies of the Court 
 were disdained, for their beauty paled before that of the 
 Lady Saguya, aye the fairest of them, when compared with 
 her image, lost all her charms. Only on the Lady could 
 the Boyal heart dwell, and on none other, and the apart- 
 ments of the Palace Dames were abandoned and desolate, 
 sad to say ! while letter after letter was sent to the Lady 
 £aguya, who answered them not ungently,' and verses were 
 composed and fairly writ on scrolls attached to posies, and 
 interchanged, and thus the days passed by. 
 
 The Celestial Bobe of Feathers.* 
 
 (AldE NO HA-GOROMO.) 
 
 So in the Palace and in the Hut was consolation attained ; 
 and three years went by, when, in the early spring, the Lady 
 Kaguya fell to gazing upon the shining orb of the rising 
 moon, and a brooding sadness see's.cd to take possession of 
 her. She was counselled not thus ceaselessly to contemplate 
 the face of the moon, for so was bred mournfulness ; but she 
 still in solitude watched the orb, until tears of grief ran 
 down her cheeks in floods. Then, on the mid-month day of 
 the seventh month rose the full moon, and unutterable grew 
 the misery, and the maidens who served the Lady sought the 
 Ancient' and said: "Long has the Lady Kaguya watched 
 the moon, waxing in melancholy with the waxing thereof, 
 and her woe now passes all measure, and sorely she weeps 
 and wails ; wherefore we counsel thee to speak with 
 her." 
 
 1 " Go henji samga ni silnilcarazn kikoyekawasbitsmaite." 
 
 ' The fifth quest-that of the ]^rd of Iso-is omitted, principally on account 
 
 of its triTuility and lack of intereit. A brief account of it will be found in the 
 
 concluding portion of thie article. 
 
29 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEK : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 And the Ancient went to her and said : " What hast thoa 
 on thy mind, daughter, that ever thou gazest thus sadly on 
 yonder moon's pallid face ? Lackest thou aught that may he 
 needed for thy happiness P " 
 
 But she answered: "As I gaze upon the moon I am sad 
 hecause my heart is broken as I consider the wretchedness of 
 this world." 
 
 And deeper grew her melancholy each time the Ancient 
 visited her chamber, till sorrow-struck by her distress, he 
 saidi "Ah! my darling, my Buddha, why broodest thou 
 thus ? what grief oppresses thee P " 
 
 " 'Tis no grief, save the grief that breaks my heart because 
 of the wratghedness of the world." 
 
 " Watch yonder moon no more, daughter ; ever art thou 
 gazing upon it, and thus thy woe deepens.'' 
 
 " How may I cease, father, to gaze upon the orb ! " said 
 the Lady, and still she watched the moon from its rising to 
 its setting, her face wet with tears the while ; but when the 
 nights were moonless,* her woe departed from her. Yet as 
 the new moon came and waxed again, the Lady wailed and 
 wept, and her women whispered among themselves that ever 
 deeper grew the misery ; but they could not learn the secret 
 of her woe, neither could the Ancient. So the eighth month 
 came in due course, and when the moon was at its full the 
 Lady wept floods of tears, nor essayed she to hide her grief. 
 And again and again her foster-parents prayed her to tell 
 them the cause of her wretchedness. The Lady yielded to 
 their prayer, and said, weeping sorely the while : " Again 
 and again have I willed to tell you all, but I felt assured 
 your hearts would be wrung with grief by my words, and 
 therefore have I forborne till now ; and now is the hour come I 
 may no longer abide with you. No maid of this mortal land 
 am I, but the Capital of Moonland is my birth-place. Long 
 ago it was decreed that I should descend upon this earth, 
 and bide there somfrwhile ; but now is the time at hand when 
 I must go back whence I came, for when yonder orb shall be 
 
 * After the 2lBt day of the month, explains the Commentary. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 30 
 
 at its fullest, a company of moonfolk will come down from 
 the sky to bear me away. Well I knew this was my doom, 
 and now ye can understand my misery and wherefore I 
 have wept and wailed so sorely since the spring followed 
 ■winter." 
 
 And as the Lady spoke, again the tears flowed in abund- 
 ance down her cheeks. But the Ancient said : " What thing 
 is this thou speakest, daughter? I found thee, 'tis true, in the 
 hollow of a bamboo, but no bigger wert thou than a rape- 
 seed, and have we not cherished thee while thou grewest up 
 to full maidenhood P None dare take thee from us, by heaven ! 
 I will not let thee go." 
 
 And he clamoured, amid his tears, that he was like to die^; 
 unbearably piteous 'twas to see his misery. But the Lady 
 answered : " My father and my mother are still numbered 
 among the dwellers in yonder Moonland's capital. It was 
 but for a while I came down to earth, and now many a year 
 has gone by since you found me. So long have I dwelt 
 among you that I have forgotten my father and my mother, 
 and now I look upon yon as though I were your very 
 child ; nor indeed would I fain do otherwise than remain 
 with you, but, though terrible to me is the thought of 
 quitting you, I may not flee my fate." And she fell to 
 weeping, and the old folk wept also, and her women who 
 had tended her through so many years and watched her 
 grow up into perfect beauty, now hearing they must lose her 
 whom they loved so well, could not swallow their tears, and, 
 oppressed by a like woe, were consumed with grief. 
 
 Now the Mikado, hearing of these things, sent a messenger 
 to the Hewer's dwelling, and the Ancient came out to receive 
 him, weeping abundantly. So bitter had been his grief that 
 his hair had turned white, and his limbs become bowed, and 
 his eyes blear, and though his years were but flfty,* he 
 seemed as if his woe had all at once turned him into an 
 old man. 
 
 The messenger inquired if the tidings which had reached 
 
 ' He has previously been described «s a man of seventy. The Commentary 
 treats the question with befitting gravity in a long note. 
 
31 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 
 
 His Majesty as to the cause of the Hewer's distress were 
 true, and fhe Ancient, still weeping, answered : 
 
 " At the full moon a company from the Moonland capital 
 will come down to bear away our daughter. Deeply grateful 
 am I to His Majesty, who deigns to make inquiry about this 
 matter, and I humbly represent that if at the time of full 
 moon a. guard of soldiers he granted us, these Moonfolk, if 
 they, make their raid, may all be captured." 
 
 The messenger thereupon returned, and reported to the 
 Mikado the plight wherein he found the Ancient. 
 
 And the Mikado said : "But a passing glimpse have I had 
 of the Lady Kaguya^ yet never shall I lose the memory of 
 her exceeding loveliness ; how hard then must it be for those 
 who are wont to see her morning and evening to lose 
 her I " So orders were given that the captains should be 
 ready by the full moon, and the General Taka no Okuni was 
 commanded to take a thousand men from each of the Left 
 and Right Regiments of Royal Guards to protect the Hewer's 
 dwelling against the raid of the Moonfolk. When the two 
 thousand soldiers reached the Ancient's abode, one moiety 
 was posted around it on the earth platform whereon it stood, 
 and the other moiety on the roof of the house, all with bow 
 bent and arrow on string, while the men of the household 
 too were arrayed, and so many were the defenders that no 
 spot remained unguarded, and even within the dwelling the 
 women kept watch and ward, while the Lady was placed in 
 the store-house, surrounded by her attendants, the door 
 whereof the Ancient bolted, and posted himself outside there- 
 of, saying : " Watch and ward thus strict, even He»venfolk 
 may not win through," and crying to the soldiers on the roof 
 to look out for the first siga of a swoop being made through 
 the air, and slay whatever creature might in this way ap- 
 proach them, whereto they answered: "Have no care, so 
 keen our watch not even a bat shall escape our artillery, and 
 due exposure of its head, by way of punishment, should it 
 venture near our ranks." 
 
 And the Ancient was greatly comforted by these words, 
 but the Lady Eaguya said : " Though ye tliua surround me 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HETOR : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 32 
 
 aad protect me and make ye ready to fight for me, yet ye 
 canqot. prevail over the, folk of yonder land, nor will your 
 artillery harm them nor your defences avail aught against 
 them, for every door will fly open at their approach, nor may 
 your valour help, for be ye never so stout-hearted, when the 
 Moonfolk come, vain yyill be your struggle with them." 
 
 Then the Ancient was angered, and shouted : " If these 
 Moonfolk come, my nails shall turn into talons to claw out 
 their eyes. I will seize them by theif forelocks and twist them 
 off, and trample upon them ; their hinder-parts will I tear to 
 pieces; to shame will I put them before the face of these 
 Eoyal warmen." 
 
 But the Lady said : " Make not so great a clamour, Jest 
 the warmen hear thee, which' were unseemly. Ere long, 
 alas ! I shall no longer be within your love, ere long I must 
 know the bitterness of parting, nor can I ever return to show 
 my love and gratitude, for closed to me will be the world's 
 ways. When I went out month after montti to watch the 
 waxing moon, I prayed for yet another year to bide with 
 you; but the boon was refused me, .^nd I could, but ;irail and 
 weep as ye saw me. I have beguiled your hearts to lovp me, 
 and now must quit you ; alas, alas ! Of th^t pure essence 
 are these Moonfolk that they know not old age nor ever 
 suffer from any pain or grief, yet fain would I abide with 
 my foster-parents; terrible it is to me to think that, ye will 
 grow old with no child to cherish you." So saying, the 
 Lady wept sorely, but the Ancient, restraining his grief, said : 
 
 "Nay, daughter, thou must not anger beings so Jovely as 
 those thou speakest of." 
 
 Meanwhile, the night wore away, and, at the hour of the 
 Bft, l>ehQld ! a glory fell about .the dwelling that exceeded 
 the splendour of noon and was teu times as bright as the 
 brightness of the full moon, so that the smallest hair-pore 
 could be seen on the skin. In the midst thereof came down 
 through the ai>' 4 company of angels riding on a coil of cloud 
 that descended until it hovered some cubits' height above the 
 ground. And there the angels stood ranked in due order; 
 and when the warmen on guard saw them, a great fear fell 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE KOMANCE. 33 
 
 upon them, upon those without as upon those within the 
 dwelling, and they had no gtomach for fighting. But after 
 a while they rallied ; and some bent the bow, but the strength 
 departed from their arms, and they were as though stricken 
 with palsy; and mightier men let fly anon, but the shafts 
 went all astray, and these too could not fight, and thus 
 feeble and bootless proved the vaunted watch and ward of 
 the Royal Warmen. 
 
 In shining garments were the angels clad, that had not 
 their like under heaven, and in the midst of them, as they 
 stood in serried ranks upon the cloud, was seen a canopied 
 car hung with curtains of finest woollen fabric, where sat 
 One who seemed to be their lord. And the Archangel turned 
 towards the Hewer's abode, and cried out in a loud voice, 
 " Come thou forth, Miyakko Maro." And the Hewer came 
 forth, staggering like a drunken man, and fell on his face 
 prostrate. 
 
 Then the Archangel said, " Thou fool ! Some small virtue 
 didst thou display in thy life, and to reward thee was this 
 maiden sent to bide with thee somewhile, and years and 
 years hath she dwelt under thy ward, and heaps and heaps 
 of -gold have been bestowed upon thee, and thou hast as it 
 were become a new man. To expiate a fault she had com- 
 mitted was the Lady Kaguya doomed to bide a little while 
 in thy wretched home, and now is the doom fulfiUed, and 
 we are come to bear her away from thine earth. Vain is 
 thy weeping and lamentetion, render up the girl and delay 
 not." 
 
 Then the Ancient answered humbly, " For over a score 
 of years thy servant has cherished the maiden, whereof his 
 lord speaks strangely as being but a little while, Perdhance 
 the Lady whom his lord would bear away with him dwells 
 elsewhere ; the Lady X&gvya, who bides beneath this roof 
 is yery sick and may not leave her chamber.' 
 
 No answer was vouchsafed, bat the Oar was borne upwards 
 on the cloud till it hovered over the houseroof and a voice 
 cried, "Ho there, Kaguya ! how long wouldest thou tarry in 
 this sorry place?" 
 
 3 
 
34 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWE&: JAPANESE KOMANCE. 
 
 Thereupon the oater door of the storehouse, wherein stood 
 the Lady Kaguya, flfiw open and the inner latticework, un- 
 touched by any hand, slid back and the Lady was seen in 
 the ligh%of the doorway, surMunded by her women, who, 
 undeT8tandiDg"that her d^arture could no longer be stayed, 
 lifted up their hands and wept. But the Lady passed out, 
 and drew nigh to where lay the Hewer, grovelling on the 
 ground, %e^ing and stunned with grief, and said : " My 
 fate bids me, father ; will you not follow me witk^your 
 eyes as I am borne away?" 
 
 But the Hewer answered: "Why in my misery siljould 
 I follow thee with my eyes ? Xet it be done unto me as 
 may be listed, let me be left desolate, let these angels who 
 have comCidown from the eky to fetch thee bear thee tUther 
 with thenj." - And the Ancient refused to be comforted. 
 Then the Lajy indited a scroll, seeing that her fost«r-father 
 was too overcome with grief to listen to her words, and left 
 it to be? given him after she had gone, weeping sorely and 
 saying th|tt ^<to her father should yearn after his daughter, 
 the words she had written should be read. And^ these were 
 tlSe words she wrote: "Had I been bom in this land, never 
 should X' have quitted it until the time came for my father 
 to suffer no sorrow for his child;' but now, on the contrary, 
 must I pass beyond the boundaries of this world, though 
 sorely against my trill. My silken mantle I leave behind 
 me as a memorial, and when, the moon lights up the night, 
 let my father <^.gaze upon it ; now my eyes must take their 
 last look,1 and I ifiust mount to yonder sky, whence I fain 
 would fatt meteor-wise to earth." 
 
 Now the Angels brought with them a coffer, wherein were 
 contained a Celestial Feather Robe and a joint of bamboo 
 filled with the Elixir of Life, and' one of them said to the 
 Lady Kagaya: "Tflste, I pruy yon, of this Elixir, for soiled 
 has your apixit become with the grossnesses of this filthy 
 world." 
 
 1 An enpbiiustui pIinis«.liiDtin| at bei longing to lemais with her father tiU 
 death took hmv and her fate coola so longer gtiere him. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEYTER : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 35 
 
 Then the Lady tasted of the Elixir, and would have 
 privily wrapt up a portion in the mantle she was leaving 
 behind, as a memorial of her ; but an Angel stayed her, and 
 drawing forth the Celestial Robe, made ready to throw it over 
 her shoulders, whereupon she said: "Have patience yet 
 awhile ; who dons yonder robe changes his heart, aiid I have 
 still somewhat to say ere I dcspart." And again she fell to 
 writing, and an Angel said: "'Tis late, and you delay. Lady, 
 OTermnch." But she rebuked him, and before all, mournfully 
 and composedly, she wrote on; and the words she wrote 
 were these : 
 
 "Your Majesty deigned to send a host to protect your 
 servant, but it was not to be, and now is the misery at hand 
 of departing with those who have come to bear her away 
 with them. Not pertnitted was it to her to serve your 
 Majesty, and maugre her will was it that she yielded not 
 obedience to the Beyal Command, and wrung with grief 
 is her heart thereat, and perchance your Majesty may have 
 thought the Boyal will was not understood, and was 
 opposed by her, and so- will she appear to your Majesty 
 lacking in good manners, which she would not your Majesty 
 deemed her^ to be, and therefore humbly she lays this 
 writiQg at the Royal Feet. Ani now must s^e don t^e 
 Feather Robe and mournfully bid hey lord farey^U." Then 
 when she had finished writing the scroU, the captain o^.the 
 hpst was called, and it was delivered, pver, together with the 
 bambpo joint containing the Elixir, in^nhi^hand^ and as he 
 toolkit, thei Feather Robe was thrown over the Lady £aguya, 
 and in a triee, all memory (>f,he^, foster-father's woe vanished, 
 for, th98e who don yonder R.obe know sorrow np.mqre, Tljien 
 the ,Lady. entered the car, surrounded . by the company of 
 Angels, and mounted sk^war^s, while the Hewer and his 
 Dame and the women who ha,d served the La^y shed te^rs of 
 blood, and stood stnnnjed wi,th gi;ief ; bjjt there was no lieJp. 
 And the scroU left for the' Ancient was read to him, but he 
 said: 
 
 "WTiafhave I to live for? 'ft bitter old age is mine. Of 
 wliat profit is my life ? whom have I to love ? " Nor would 
 
-■M.'Jih^ii ^ 
 
 k 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE EOMANCB. 36 
 
 he take of the Elixir, but lay prostrate on the ground and 
 would not rise. 
 
 Meanwhile the Captain of the host returned to the capital 
 with his men, and reported how vain had been the attempt 
 to stay the departure of the Lady Eaguya, and all that had 
 occurred, and gave the scroll, together with the bamboo joint 
 containing the Elixir, to be laid before the Mikado. And 
 His Majesty unrolled the scroll and read it, and was greatly 
 moved, nor would take food nor any diversion. After a 
 while a Grand Council was summoned, and it was inquired 
 which among the mountains of the land towered highest 
 towards heaven. And one said : " In Suruga stands a 
 mountain, not remote from the capital, that towers highest 
 towards heaven among all the mountains of the land." 
 Whereof His Majesty being informed composed a stanza : 
 Au koto mo, Hever more to see her I 
 
 inamida ni ukabu Tears, of grief overwhelm me, 
 
 waga mi ni wa ; and as for me, 
 
 shinanu kusnri wa with the Elixir of Life 
 
 nani ni ka wa.semu ? what have I to do ? 
 
 And the scroll together with the Elixir was given into 
 the hands of one of the ladies of the palace, and she was 
 charged to deliver them to one Tsuki no Iwakasa, with 
 the injunction to bear them to the summit of the highest 
 mountain in Suruga, that there, standing on the top of the 
 highest peak thereof, he should cause the scroll 'and the 
 Elixir to be consumed with fire. 
 
 So Tsuki no Iwakasa heard humbly the Royal Command, 
 and took with him a company of warriors, and climbed the 
 mountain and did as he had been bidden. And it was from 
 that time forth i.. it the name of Fuji^ was given to yonder 
 mountain, and men say that the smoke of that burning 
 still curls from its high peak to mingle with the clouds of 
 Heaven. 
 
 ' One among the many ways of writing Foji (fwiyama) was /{^ ^, 
 Immortal. 
 
37 tVE OLD BAMBOO-H£W£B : JAPANESE BOMAKCE. 
 
 Japanese literature begins with the K^'ih'^ or Record of 
 Ancient Matters, which appeared in a.d. 712. During the 
 eighth and ninth centuries yarioos works were produced, 
 none of which, if we except the Anthologies, have any claim 
 to admiration on literary grounds. But in the next century 
 the Japanese mind seems to have taken a fresh flight, or 
 rather to have awakened to a consciousness of its powers, and 
 the remarkable series of monoga^m or romances, of which 
 the Tale of Taketori is at once the earliest example and the 
 type, gave a lustre hitherto unknown to the Uteratore of 
 Japan. 
 
 Among these early ronsances, unsurpassed, probably uiir 
 equalled, in literary quality, by the later fiction of Japan, 
 the Qenji-monogatari* holds the chief '.^lace in tb^ estimation 
 of natire critics^ who scarcely condescend to notice the 
 Hewer's simple and tender story. To European readers. 
 However, the record of Genji's love-adventures soon becomes 
 wearisome, despite the elever dialogues upon the virtues and 
 failings of women regarded as minietors to men's sensuous 
 or eesthetic pleasures that relieve the monotony of the 
 narrditive — dialogues, by the way, that wear a strangely 
 mocietn air, and might, with a few necessary changes, be 
 transported bodily into a drawkig-room novel of nineteenth- 
 ceatmy London. 
 
 In the sense in which Shakespeare is said to have had 
 little invention, the nameless author of the Taketori lacked 
 originality^ Most of the materials of his story are drawn 
 from Chinese or Sinioo-Indian sources. It tsould hardly 
 
 > This eztasoidinarj famgo of feeble and often filthy mollis and legends has 
 bad tbe good fortune to meet vith bo able a tnmslator as Mr. fi, H. Chamberlain. 
 Tiivial, eren childish, as the eeUeotion is, it is interesting as furnishing striking 
 instances of vhat myths in their crude b^nonings really were. In ad£tion, the 
 ttaiteof a fiiirly ample picture of the social life of the unsiniciied Japanese may 
 be gathered from i^ and ^e songs it contains, though devoid of literary value, 
 have coniriderable philological interest. Mr, Chamberlain has etariched his 
 yersion with notes and commentaries that constitute an invaluable aid to the 
 study of the origins of Dai Itqipon. 
 
 * uany chuitora of this history of a Japanese Don Juan hare been recently 
 tnmslatea by Mr. Buyematen. 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE EOMANOE. go 
 
 have been otherwise, for even as early as the tenth century 
 the legetds ancf"itt&diti6ns of his country had been either 
 replaced by OtifaeSe myths or recast in a Chineg^ tnould, 
 and, excepting in the Eitiials of Shinto, and some of the 
 songs (juoted in the ISbJiki or coltected in. the Aiitholo^es, 
 all vestiges of the uiwritten litbrdture of priniitive JApan 
 seem to have been lost. ' But thti art and grace of the story 
 of the Lady Eaguya are nativei its unstrained pathos, its 
 natural sweetness, are its own, aiid in sintiple charm and 
 purity of thought and language it has no rival in the fiction 
 either of the Middle Kingdom or of the DragoniFly Land. 
 The tags of word-plays that close the tale of each' Quest are, 
 I cannot but believe, the additions of later hands, ajid I am 
 loth to look upon the story of the fifth Quest' as other 
 than the broad farce of some manipulator of a coarser period. 
 Perhaips, indeed, ' thfe Moon-maiden's story stood originally 
 alone, the work of some pious but not too orthodox Buddhist, 
 who shaped a Taouist legend into an aUegbry exemplifying 
 the great doctrinis of inguiea, or Cause and 'Effect, in the 
 maiden's recovery, of her "celestial hom^ through subduance 
 of the very feeling the indulgence of which bad l6d her to 
 exile, despite the circumstance that a Mikado sought to 
 inspire, and a father to foster, the tender sentiment, Tn 
 such a story the narratives of mp Quests imay h'aVie been 
 afterwards! interpolated, partly to displa^ sjore fiilljr the 
 maiden's constaiicy arid purity, partly by 'Way of gentle 
 
 The CUnaagon Ili■Totada.k^e to. prewnt the LadTiindi a ^vij shell 
 
 ' ■■ the ■ 
 
 (SoU(»ugai)\)xwight b; a mfiiowiiniiakurmne, probably the Simndo guituralii, 
 ae&f., 'wmcb, iuicoriliig to Hessra. Blakistoa and Pryer, imSi alwalys in ahoiue; 
 irfaerp a sfa^iuiifH^qiidsd for iti acpgimnoiiation. Hf hai ;f ^ju^ to l^a retaiper;, 
 who devise Tuioiii schemea, more or lesa* trivial anil ridicn}oiiS,"in piirsnailc^ of 
 one ^ trhich'thefChiimago^'endeitTonn to catch a swaEmr sittiiig npAi< its nest 
 and in 4fae,A!4!9^ T"'Kei<l8i'>M te>l. Thus far he.is siajcessfiiL but only to be 
 
 rewarded by a ball of duuK, which he grasps firnHy i 
 
 obtained l^aanKh-desired'piize. In being loweredifrom his post of ubserration, 
 
 to wbich,he had,been raised. in« sort of basket attached by a rope, he meets with 
 
 a mishap, and tails into a rfce canldron, from which bis retainers ^g Uim Out 
 
 still grasping his supposed priz»r-the nature of which he th^, to |iis stup^ctioi^, 
 
 discovers. 
 
 The Koyatugai is described in the Wakan tamai as the shell currency of 
 ancient CUiKif ThffWord is often written^ ''^, under a falie notion of its 
 etymolii^-^probably' Koymu is a strengthened form Of ;the root Kf/se, to bring 
 ofei^, ilibjiort, etc ' 
 
39 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEVEE : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 
 
 satire upon the taste for Jove-adventures wWcli all the early- 
 romances show to have characterized the peaceful age, when 
 neither Hei nor Gen had yet raised the stormy din of 
 factious arms. 
 
 To render literally an Oriental text involves the effaoement 
 of whatever charm the original may possess.' I have there- 
 fore sought to give an English dress to the ideas, father 
 than to the mere language of the teller of this old-world 
 story, probably the most ancient work of fiction extant of the 
 whole Altaic race. But I have desired, at the same time, to 
 preserve in the version as much as possible of the spirit, as 
 distinct from the structure, of the unsinicized tongue of early 
 Japan ; and with this object have reproduced, to some 
 extent, the loosely composite paragraph and sentence 
 characteristic of Japanese prose, and abhorred of Chinese 
 writers, who delight in a terse and antithetic, but bald and 
 artificial style, that too commonly sacrifices wit to an obscure 
 brevity, and loses all naturalness in the strain after mere 
 symmetry of literary form. I have endeavoured, also, to 
 retain the impersonality which so markedly differentiates 
 Turanian ' from Aryan speech ; but I have usually found 
 this possible only so far as it resulted from avoidance .of 
 metaphorical forms of expression. Of the numerous word- 
 plays that disfigure the text I have not attempted any ex- 
 planation unless needed to give some definite meaning to the 
 passages where they occur. The 'honorifics' in Japanese 
 have often little more than a pronominal value, and I have 
 not been careful to translate them when not used to emphasize 
 respect. The word 'mi' is the honorific commonly employed 
 in the text in relation to the Mikado, and is usually rendered 
 
 ' An Italian rersion of the Taketori hs^ been made by M. Severuii, which 
 I cannot greatly praise. It has also been translated into German, and through 
 German into English. Of these latter versions I have seen neither. The present 
 is, I believe, the first direct translation inlo English that has been produced, 
 and the only one based on Daishu's text, or annotated with any approach to 
 adequacy. 
 
 ^ On this peculiar feature of Turanian languages the reader is referred to some 
 excellent obseirvations by Mr. Lowell in bis Choson or Land of Morning Calm 
 (Korea). Mr. Aston, 1»o, has some admirable remarks on the subject in a paper 
 on the Korean and Japanese languages, which will be found in Vol. XI. Part 
 III. of this Journal 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 40 
 
 'imperial' or 'august,' expressions to which I have preferred 
 the simpler 'royal.' In his preface Tanaka Daishu (the 
 Sinico-Japanese pronunciation of the characters with which 
 Ohide is written) says that if you read the Tc^etori over 
 lightly, it will seem quite easy to understand; but if you want 
 to ' taste ' it, you will find it no easy matter thoroughly to 
 comprehend it, not only because the style is antique and 
 concise, but because by dint of frequent copying the text is 
 not unfrequently corrupt. I have experienced to the full 
 the justice of these remarks, and am less certain now of the 
 accuracy of many passages in my translation than I was at 
 the beginning of my task ; it was only after prolonged study 
 of the text that I foupd I did not always fuUy ' taste ' it. 
 
 Japanese art has but rarely drawn its motives from the 
 scenes of the Tale of Taketori. The earliest edition I have 
 met with is illustrated with, coarse woodcuts, but these are 
 destitute of all merit. My friend M. Philippe Burty, how- 
 eveir, possesses the concluding roll of an illuminated maki- 
 mono, ^ich he has kindly lent me, and the second of the 
 three with which I liave been allowed to • illustrate this 
 translation — the Upbearing of Eaguya — ^Ts a reduced 
 reproduction of its last scene. 
 
 The two remaining^ are taken from makimonog in my own 
 possession ; the Yiew of Fujisan from a roll bearing the title 
 Sanka rekishdzu, a Series of Pictur«s of Hills and Streams, 
 and the other, which I have called The Oread's Haunt, from 
 a roll that is partly calligraphic and partly a copy of a 
 Chinese painting. The latter roll is contained in a case of 
 black persimmon wood {Dmptfros kaki), superscribed TBgen 
 letueki, 1^ JHI III] S(, and on the silk lining of its lid is a 
 legend written in Chinese by the copyist, of which the sub- 
 joined version may be found interesting : — ■■ 
 
 "Hath any mortal, pray you, ever trod the streamy 
 domains where the Fairy's* peach-tree blooms P Now the 
 
 > The OhineK Oread (f|I])i Si Wong Mn, the Western Rojrol Mother, who on 
 Mount Ewenlun rules over thousands of Taoist genii. A peoch-tree growing within 
 her domain on the borders of the Gem Lalu (^ fjl^) bears fruits which confer 
 immortality upon those who are allowed by the Mother to partake of them. 
 
41 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEVER : JAPANEfifE ROMANCE. 
 
 sage Torei (^ 4*) beheld the wickedness of the world.and 
 his heart was sore within him, and he fled from men, and 
 made his abode among the Eastern wilds, and thd gates of 
 the Fairies' domain were opened to him, and in that mystic 
 land untrodden by foot of man he gained the fruits of 
 creative energy. To Meicho (B^ ^'), whose days were 
 when ,the Ming ruled, came the fame of the adventure of 
 Torei, and he bethought him and Ttrought a picture, and 
 depicted the high hills rising endlessly one above the other, 
 and many a dizzy precipice, and the mulberry bus,h and the 
 hemp plant, and fair to behold was the varied scene. There, 
 too, were upland fields and yalley rice-lands, and amidst 
 them was seen the humble thatch of the husbaiidman. It 
 was cunningly limned, one might liken it'to fine needlework 
 or the tracery of a patterned fabric. An4 in the course of 
 time the scroll was brought within the borders of Kigliiiii, 
 and my lord begged the loan of it, and at my lord's h^hest 
 I made this copy of the picture. Though t^e scVoK Has 
 been borne over the surging sea, amid roaring gales, over 
 wild passes and streamy hills, and has been in peril from fire 
 and struggle of armed men, and from tooth of rat and gnaw 
 of worm, as from harm by spear or arrow, yet' has |io liurt, 
 corns to it, for the gods and demons, T trow, haVe ever 
 watched over its^'safeiy, diinng the many huhdrM years that 
 have passed since it was wrought. ' Fair i^' the iretretit 
 limong the wild hills, by 'the lintels of the dboir Waves a 
 willow, hard by the chry8ant)i'blows,'and a little,' Biyond 
 a piiie-^iree overshadows the nieelan^' of thne ^ays. 'Who 
 'shall now say that ijever have the gates oi'thWFafry 'Domarii 
 been thro,wn open to mortals? ' Writtettori a' foiynoon, 
 in the second month of the secondyear of Ansel (A.D.'lBS'Sr-fi), 
 at Sanke (P), within the province, of .Kishiaji. by Xikuohi 
 Tosei." 
 As the legend of Mount Horai (P'l^ng lai) is,! doubtless, 
 
 Kwenlun ia by some identified with the ran^e of mpuatain^ kqpiFa as t^^ ' Hii^a 
 Knah (see Mayers' Chinese Readere' Manual, p. 108), and the legend isOTldentlT 
 in great part of Indian origin. 
 A Not to be confounded vith the Japanese JfeMS B^ :M 1 1 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE: JAPANESE ROMANCE. 42 
 
 ifitiijifttelyiconneobedj. inpart at least, with that pf SlA'S^ang 
 ,^q,.I,l)av^,;^M(3,,a jp(^rtifl^ of Ohao's ,piotttre, no adequate 
 
 iTfiPfi**™***'*"' *>^ t^^ Idand Mountain being known to me, 
 asffi^jrly, ci^ftiy^yjl^g the ^inji^prjapanese , idea oi the fabled 
 iljpt^TOortal I^^flftiiie Eastern Ooean.i i 
 ,,,-Jx^ ^i^j. third ,Tolum^ qf ithe Gunsho' iehiran ..(n Japanese 
 
 'JbibUographjr I published ftbout the year 1800), , the early 
 n^nogatari, ansipng which the Hewer's tale holds the first 
 
 . vpla(^ in merit, as iii time, are enumerated and briefly spticed, 
 ,a{{|;^;with a good deal of.leari^ing and acumen. The account 
 giy^i^'fif, raieforr: mentions as sources of some of the elements 
 ^^ the mtory.the JfoiiyofA^K and the Kcgiki,* and among others 
 the^ifigeden (^ I4>'^)> 9i?henoe a curious Buddhist legend 
 is cited to the following effect. Three recluses,' after long- 
 <^|itvnuqdi meditation, found themselves possessed of the truth, 
 and so great was their joy that their hearts broke and they 
 died. Tbeir souls thereupon took the form of bamboos with 
 leay^ of gpld.and roots of precious jade, and after a period 
 of^ten months had ^lapsed, the stems of -these bamboos, split 
 op^.'and displesed each a beauteous boy. The three youths 
 j^t.pn the giround under their bamboos, and after seven daj's' 
 mffditfttion they, too,. became possessed of the truth, where- 
 upon their bodies assumed a golden hue ^.nil displayed the 
 marks of saintliness, while the bamboos disappeared and 
 were replaced hy seven magnificent temples. The legend 
 is.^nianifestiy of Indian o^gin, and seems to have been first 
 quoted by Kttk^v or £obd Daishi from a sutra intituled 
 Horpkaku ( f| ^ ffl )• Of the authorship of the Taketori 
 noticing certain is said to be known, but it 19 doubtfully 
 ascribed t/^ one Minamoto Jun, who is also believed by some 
 tp,-,haye iliftd a, hand in the composition of the Utsubo mono- 
 ^ati^tir aiid the Oehikuho monogatari, both of which are 
 
 '0 See Hayen, gp^ eil., Nos. 659 and 647. Compare abo tlie description of 
 , Amids'a,P,ara^U^'iii Fiof. Max Miiller's translation of the text of t!ie Hukhutuit 
 'fitpnght from Japm. Part II. Tol. XII. of this Journal. 
 
 ^ ^ iiagaya, for instants, is the name of a piinceas wUo is mentioned in ^he 
 l^Ut^^y o{ IJie ilikado Suiniii (B.C. 70-a.d. 70), and one of her five (oven ii, I 
 tJeliere, called Utomo no Miyiiki hee the third QnesQ. 
 
 i* Au Account of ^hisMrlc >Mli, I believe, be found id the American Cyclopaedia, 
 from the pen of Mr. Batov. 
 
43 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEVER : JAPANESE EOM^NCE. 
 
 noticed in the Ounsho. The Sumiyoshi monogatan is a 
 lengthy love-story,- the plot turning mainly upon th^ craft 
 and cruelty of a step-mother: it is considered one of the 
 hest of the series. An old writer, says the Oitnsho, ascrih&s 
 the authorship to the heroine of the tale, who ie said to have 
 written the whole story on a screen in a small room near the 
 north-eastern gate of the Palace, which, ■^as a favourite 
 rendezvous for lovers. More popular, perhaps, is another 
 of the series, the Yamato monogatari, a collection of tales 
 from which Mr. Chamherlain.has taken his pretty story of 
 the Maiden of Unai. It seems to have been, in part at 
 all events, written by the Betired Mikado Kwanzan (a.d. 
 983-5),. and the accepted editions contain nearly three 
 hundred ' uta ' or quintains. It is specially recommended, 
 together with the Jse monogatari and the Genj'i monogatan 
 to the attention of those who desire to become proficient in 
 the art of composing ' uta ' with elegance and rapidity, aa 
 art held in high honour at the court of the early Mikados. 
 For an account of the Genii the reader is referred to 
 Mr. Suyematsu's translation. The authoress, the Princess 
 Murasaki Shikibu, was asked, says the Cfunsho, to compose 
 a story in a more modern style than that of the earlier 
 romances such as the Taketori, and this she was able to do 
 after passing a moonlit night in meditation and prayer. She 
 repented towards the close of her life of the frivolities of "her 
 youth, and made with her own bands six hundred copies of 
 the Hanniya Sutra in order to merit salvation. The Izumi 
 Shikibu monogatari, which is next described, contains the lady's 
 correspondence with her lover, the fourth son of the Mikado 
 Eeizei. Among the remaining monogatari a 'ftew only can 
 be briefly mentioned here. The Ima monogatari is rather a 
 series of poet-biographies than a romance, but it narrates, 
 among other curious matters; a singular dream of one of 
 its personages that Murasaki Shikibu may, after all, 
 have gone down into Hell. The sixty volumes of the 
 Ima mukashi monogatari (so called from its beginning 
 with the time-honoured phrase ima mukashi ' once upon 
 a time ') describe the habits and customs of Japan 
 
THE OLD BAMBOO-HE-WER : JAPANESE ROMANCE. 44 
 
 and India, the wonders to be found in both countries, 
 the examples and effects of good and bad conduct they 
 afford, and the traditions concerning the Buddha current in 
 tliem. 
 
 The Akinoymmga no monogatari (A Long Autumn-night's 
 Story) is of later date. It narrates the unlawful loves of the 
 priest Keikai, who lived in the reign of Horikawa II. (a.d. 
 1222-34), and is characterized as exljremely pathetic and 
 interesting. The priest finally repented of his evil ways and 
 founded the temple of TJnkyo. The Matsuho monogatari is 
 similar to the last in style and matter. The Omina meshi 
 monogatari, or 'Girls' Stories,' is a series of narratives of 
 celebrated women, containing/^many wise saws and exemplary 
 instances of successful diligence. Of the remainder of the 
 nineteen monogatari enumerated, some are coUections of 
 essays rather tha^ stories, and are evidently compilations. 
 Indeed, in the Hewer's tale we have the only pure fiction of 
 the whole. series — at least the story of the Lady Kaguya may 
 justly be so regarded — absolutely free from every trace of 
 grossness, which is more than can be ^aid of the monogatari 
 ■w;hich succeeded it. The word-plays it contains are its only 
 blemishes, and these are far less common than in the later 
 romances, where almost every page bristles with them. Even 
 the narrative of the fifth Quest is rather vulgar and trivial 
 than coarse in matter or manner, and in the imaginative 
 literature of Japan which it ushered into hieing, the Taketori 
 monogatari remains to the present day unsurpassed, nay 
 unequalled, in purity, simplicity, pathos, and unstrained 
 quality of style. 
 
 Three editions of the Taketori are known to me. One in 
 two volumes has been already mentioned. Another, also in 
 two volumes, published in the period Temmei 1781-9, is en- 
 riched with interpretative notes, by Koyama Tadashi. But 
 the edition I have used is the work of TanakaDaishu, a native 
 of the province of Owari, which appeared in the year 1829. 
 It is in six volumes, the first being an introductory essay 
 upon the story and its sources, the remaining five volumes 
 containing the text, distributed in short portions, each followed 
 
45 THE OLD BAMBOO-HEWEE : JAPANESE EOMANCE. 
 
 by a commentary, in whipji obsolete expressions and customs 
 are explained, and yarioas readings are presented -.and disr 
 cussed, oiftea at great length, and always, witi^ considerable 
 learning and critical power./ , no iv ^aiu i 
 
 It does not appear that the IWeilori was ,priet«4i>efpTe tlj^ 
 middle <^ the last century, and the text j has doubtless safiered 
 oondidenibly at the hands of the -MS.i copyists,; whose labours 
 have handed it down during a period qf eight. buikdred years. 
 Tbet language of the text, the oldest prose oftfae Altaic 
 races,' is almost wholly archaic Japanese (YarMt^ ketoba) ; 
 btit.a few Chinese expressions occur in it.. Originally; it was 
 probably written, like the Mar^dthiu, purtly in gyUabio 
 partly in Chinese, character, and the lendering of the latter 
 iaioYainato, kotoba .haa, doubtless, not been accurately 
 preserved in all cases. It is worthy of notiee, as showing 
 the extent to which Japan merged whatever indigenous 
 civilization she possessed in. the imported civilization of 
 Chinay that the Taketori hardly contains, a single reference 
 to Shinto or to any primitive tradition or myith.. So atthgv 
 piresent day we Bee modern Japan, discarding -Chinese modes 
 of life And thought,- engaged in a strennoos endeavour, 
 despite her geographical remoteness, to gam a place in the 
 great family of W^tem nations. 
 
 It had been my intention to extend ' these somewhat 
 superficial notes sio as to include some «ritieiam of the text 
 and an adequate examination of the Chmese and Sinioo- 
 Indiftn sources whence^ the author of the TaketoriArtm most 
 of his materials. But I found my own library ^quite in- 
 sufficient for the purpose, and with regard to researches of 
 the .kind I had in view, the doors of. the great library in' 
 Blpomsbury are practically closed to those who do not 
 command a much more abundant leisure than I am ever 
 likely to enjoy. 
 
 ' The K<iiiki, Nihoiigx, etc. are written in a style wlich is a bad imitatioii of 
 Chinese. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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If - A W 
 
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 HYAKU=NIN=ISSHU 
 
 OR 
 SINGLE SONGS OF A HUNDRED POETS 
 
 LIIEEAL TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH 
 
 WITH RENDKRINGS 
 ACCORDING TO THE ORIGINAL METRE. 
 
 By Clay MacCattley, A. M. 
 
 AND VERSIFIED TRANSLAHONS, 
 By F. Victor Dickins, B. C. 
 
 PRICE: 1 Yen 
 
 These songs are so popular in Japan that even boys 
 and girls at primary schools know them by heart. 
 The poems were collected together in A.D. 1235 
 from about the year 670, is absolutely free from 
 any trace of vulgarity. Perhaps what strikes one 
 most in connection with the Hyaku-Nin-Isshu is the 
 date when the verses were written, as most of them 
 were produced before the time of the Norman Con- 
 quest; the far advanced state of art and culture in 
 Japan in those periods. 
 
 5 AN KARU SHA 
 
 Kyobashi, Tokyo, Japan 
 Money Transfer No. Tokyo 79730 
 
IB m M % 
 
 THE SARASHINA DIARV 
 
 Translated by Annie Shepley Omori 
 and Kochi Doi. 
 
 PRICE 90 Sen 
 
 The Sarashina Diary, by a daughter of Sugar 
 wara no Takasuye, a descendant in the sixth 
 generation of the famous statesman Sugawara 
 no Michizane. It is the record of a journey 
 from Shimosa to Kyoto by the Tokaido in 
 1021, and of a second journey from Kyoto to 
 Sarashina, in the province of Shinano. 
 It is written in an elegant style with songs. 
 
 SAN KAKU SHA 
 
 7 NICHOME, KYOBASHI, TOKYO, JAPAN 
 FURIKAE No. TOKYO 79730 
 
^ m mi 
 
 THE TSURE=DZURE=GUSA 
 
 OR 
 
 Meditations of a Recluse 
 
 TRANSLATED BY 
 
 REVEREND C. S. EBY 
 
 PRICE : 75 Sen 
 
 If there are many arid wastes in Japanese 
 literature, there are also some pleasant oases, 
 and of these the TSURE-DZURE-GUSA is 
 surely one of the most delightful. This is a 
 collection of short sketches, anecdotes, and 
 essays on all imaginable subjects. 
 Those who wish to enter on the study of the 
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 choice than this book as it is not difficult. 
 
 SAN KAKU SMA 
 
 Kyobashi, Tokyo, Japan 
 Money Transfer No. Tokyo 79730 
 
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 GTSNTL MONOGATABI 
 
 OR 
 
 ROMANCE OF GENJI 
 
 BY 
 
 Lady MURASAKI SHIKIBU 
 
 Translated by KENCHIO SUEMATSU 
 PRICE 90 SEN 
 
 Kiritsubo— Hahakigi— Woots-semi 
 
 The original of this translation, is one of 
 the standard works of Japanese literature. 
 It has been regarded for centuries as a 
 national treasure. The authoress is the 
 creator in Japan of a fiction— the prose 
 epic of real life. Those who wish to learn 
 the older Japanese literature cannot make 
 a better choice than the present volume. 
 
 SAN KAKU SUA 
 
 Kyobashi, Tokyo. Japan 
 Money Transfer No. Tokyo 79730 
 
SB 3t :^ I 
 
 HO-JO-KI 
 
 (Notes From A Jo°Square Hut) 
 
 Translated by 
 F. Victor Dicidns 
 
 (Kevised Edition) 
 
 Size: 7iX5j in. English & Japanese 
 Price: 75 sen Postage losen 
 
 One of the early classics of Japanese Literature 
 was written before the birth of Chauser. The 
 quietness of the thoughts and nobleness of the 
 manner in which they are expressed, lend much 
 charm to the philosophy of the Japanese. This is 
 the most important and attractive translation. 
 
 SAN KAKU SHA 
 
 Kyobashi, Tokyo, Japan 
 Money Transfer No. Tokyo 79730 
 
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 THE STORY OF ANCIENT JAPAN 
 
 OR 
 
 TALES FROM THE KOJIKI 
 
 BY 
 
 YAICHIRO ISOBE 
 
 SIZE X+257 Page INDEX (English & Japanese) 
 PRICE ¥1.70 POSTAGE 18 sen 
 
 Of all the mass" of Japanese Literature, which lies 
 before us as the result of nearly tweleve centuries 
 book-making, the most important monument is the 
 book entitled "Kojiki" or Record of Ancient 
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 the lanjtuage, and the Traditional History of Anci- 
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 Kyobashi, Tokyo, Japan 
 Money Transfer Mo. Tokyo 79730 
 
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ff 
 
The Old Bamboo-Hewer's Story 
 
 OR 
 
 THE TALE OF TAKETORI 
 
 TRANSLATED BY 
 F. Victor Dickins, B. C. 
 
 
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