OLIN PA 2087 .M52 1901 ra latin- fcOM POSIT ME LUCK Im ^:#»: ta =-^^ .... ^^BHhmT '.' «::;■;":>■: The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924079844753 LATIN COMPOSITION FOR CLASSES READING CAESAR BY ANNA COLE MELLICK, A.B. BREARLEY SCHOOL, NEW YORK NEW YORK • : • CINCINNATI • :• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY Copyright, 1901, by *A. C. MELLICK. Entered at Stationers* Hall, London. latin composition. w. p. 3 PREFACE This little book has grown out of a need felt in my own Caesar classes for some easy but systematic work in Latin Composition. Its purpose is not to present in most comprehensive fashion all the peculiarities of Latin syn- tax, but by constant repetition to fix in the student's mind some of the simplest constructions of nouns and verbs. All special grammatical notes in the several lessons have been omitted, that the pupil may early form the habit of constant reference to his grammar. Since the book is to be used in connection with Caesar, the constructions emphasized are those recurring most frequently in his text. Imperatives and independent subjunctives have therefore been lightly touched upon. The more difficult varieties of final and consecutive clauses and of relative sentences have been purposely omitted, from the convic- tion that the child should understand the rule before he considers its exceptions. The finding of phrases illustrative of the principles of syntax introduced in each lesson has been left to the teacher as a valuable class-room exercise. It has been my own practice to have the sections marked "Class Work " written without the aid of the grammar, making each pupil depend for forms and rules entirely upon his own memory. I have also found that a clear tabular statement of the principles studied, with the proper refer- ences to the grammar, is of great help in reviewing. Such 3 4 PREFACE a table each class may provide for itself by adding to, the several topics in Lessons XIV and XXV the numbers of the paragraphs in its own grammar which bear upon the subject. In addition to the general vocabulary at the end of the book, common words have been grouped together in the special vocabularies which should be committed to mem- ory as a part of each lesson. The object, then, of the book is to guide the pupil along the beginning of the road to a knowledge of Latin. It will not have failed entirely of its purpose if it does noth- ing more than teach a proper regard for the concords. Thanks are due to the friends whose suggestions and interest have been helpful, and especially to Dr. Charles Knapp of Barnard College for careful reading and correct- ing of the proof. ANNA COLE MELLICK. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A. V Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar. abl. ablative. ace. accusative. adj. adjective. adv. adverb. B. Bennett's Latin Grammar. c. common. cf. compare. conj. conjunction. (., fem. feminine. G. Gildersleeve-Lodge Latin Grammar (School Edition). gen. genitive. H. Harkness' Complete Latin Grammar. References to Harkness' Standard Latin Grammar are inclosed in parentheses. indecl. indeclinable. LM. Lane-Morgan Latin Grammar, m. masculine. n., neut. neuter. pi. plural. post-pos. post-positive. prep. preposition. pron. pronoun, pronominal. refl. reflexive. sing. singular. superl. superlative. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION . LESSON I THE SIMPLE SENTENCE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Subject. H. 387 (368) ; LM. 455 ; G. 203 ; B. 166. i. 2 ; A. 173. I. 2. Predicate. H. 388 ; 393 ; 394 (460 ; 363 ; 438) ; LM. 463 ; 469-471; 475 ; G. 211; B. 167; 168; 233.2; 254; A. 176. a. b; 204. 3. Voice and Tense. H. 517 ; 526; 529 (466-473) ; LM. 681 ; 683 ; 73«>-749 i G. 213 ; 214 ; 223 ; B. 257 ; A. 108. a. and c. 4. Object. H. 404 (371) ; LM. 497 ; G. 328; B. 172; A. 237. VOCABULARY ambassador, ISgatus, -i, m. inhabit, dwell,, incolo, incolere, call, name, appello, -are, -avi, iucoluT, — . -StuB. not, non, adv. carry on, wage, gero, gerere, gessi, one, unus, una, unum. gestus. part, pars, partis, /. divide, separate, divido, dividere, river, flumen, fluminis, n. divisi, divisua. see, video, videre, vidi, visus. go, eo, ire, ivi (ii), iturus. war, bellum, -1, n. EXERCISE I. Caesar is waging war. 2. Gaul had been divided. 3. You Romans will divide Gaul. 4. They are called Celts. 7 8 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 5. We used to call them Gauls. 6. One part of Gaul will be inhabited. 7. Caesar will have waged war. 8. I had seen the Rhine. 9. The river has been called the Seine. 10. The ambassadors are not going. 11. The Romans had not inhabited Gaul. 12. The Belgae and the Gauls were separated by rivers. 13. The Gauls have been waging war. 14. It has been called the river Rhine. CLASS WORK I. I have called. 2. They will be separated. 3. We had dwelt. 4. You will have seen. 5. He is going. 6. You were calling. 7. It has been seen. 8. War had been waged. 9. He used to go. 10. It was being divided. 11. We shall go. 12. War will have been waged. LESSON II CONCORD GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES I 1. Agreement of Predicate. H. 388; 392-394 (460; 363; 463. 1 ; 438) ; LM. 469-471 ; 475 ; 476 ; G. 21 1 ; 285 ; 286. i ; B. 254; 255; 168'; 233. 2; 234; 235. 2; A. 204; 205; 185 entire ; 186. d ; 187. 2. Agreement of Attributive. H. 394; 395. i. 2 (438; 439. I. 2.) ; LM. 476 ; 478-480 ; G. 289 ; 290 ; B. 234 ; 235. i ; A. 186. d; 187. I. 3. Agreement of Appositive. H. 393 (363) ; LM. 463 ; 475 ; G. 321 ; B. 169. 1.2; A. 183 ; 184. 4. Agreement of Relative. H. 396 (445); LM. 483; G. 614; B. 250 ; A. 198. 5. Inflection of Relative. H. 182 (187); LM. 283; G. 105; B. 89 ; A. 103. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION g VOCABULARY across, trans, prep, with ace. far, longS, adv. all, omnis, omne. high, deep, altus, alta, altum. be away from, be absent, absum, lake, lacus, -us, m. abesse, afui, afuturus. law, lex, legis, /. brave, fortis, forte. noble, nobilis, -e. consul, consul, consulis, m. rich, dives, divitis. do, make, facio, facere, feci, send, mitto, mittere, misi, f actus. missus, differ, differo, differre, distuIT, this, that, is, ea, id. dilatus. wide, latus, -a, -um. EXERCISE I. The Germans who dwell across the Rhine will send ambassadors., 2. Orgetorix was a rich and noble Gaul. 3. The Belgae, Celts, and Aquitani, whose laws differ, inhabit Gaul. 4., The Helvetii whom Caesar saw were brave. 5 . The lake and the river are very deep. 6. Messala and Piso were Roman consuls. 7. The Rhine and the Rhone are wide rivers. 8. One part of Gaul is called Aquitania. Y9-0i all who inhabited Gaul the bravest were the Belgae. 10. One part of Gaul, Aquitania, was not very far away. 11. The Belgae whose ambassadors are brave inhabit Gaul. 12. The consul is very rich. 13. That deep river is called the Rhine. 14. Caesar and Messala are noble. 15. The lake which the ambassadors had seen was very wide. 16. The Romans call the Celts Gauls. CLASS WORK I. The consuls who have gone are brave. 2. All these lakes and rivers are deep. 3. Caesar who is waging war had been consul. 4. The ambassadors whom the Ger- mans will send are noble. 5. Messala, the consul, is very lO LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION rich. 6. Wide rivers, the Rhine and the Rhone, will divide them. 7. The Gauls who used to live across the Rhine are brave. 8. The brave consul, who carried on the war, is far away. 9. Three rivers used to divide Gaul. 10. The Germans whom you saw lived across the Rhine. LESSON III DIRECT SIMPLE QUESTIONS GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Predicate Question. H. 378. 2 (351. i. N. i.) ; LM. 696; 698; 699; 700; 701; G. 451. a; 454; 455; 456; B. 162. 2. a. b. c ; A. 210. a. c. 2. Nominal Question. H. 378 (351. i) ; LM. 696; 706; G. 451. b; B. 162. I ; A. 210. e. 3. Interrogative Pronouns. H. 183; 184 (188); LM. 284; 285 ; G. 106 ; B. 90 ; A. 104. VOCABULARY army, ezercitus, -us, m. people, populus, -1, m. boundaries, fines, finium, m. pi. soldier, miles, militis, rn. friend, amicus, -1, m. strive, fight, contends, conten- froiTi, de, ex, ab, preps, with abl. dere, coutendT, contentus. go out, exeo, exire, exivi (exii), where, ubi, adv. exiturus. why, cur, adv., quam ob rem, have, habeo, habere, babui, ha- quam ob causam. bitua. with, cum, prep, with abl. EXERCISE I. Did not the Belgae inhabit Gaul.? 2. Have the soldiers gone.? 3. They did not make war, did they.' 4. Why did they go out from their boundaries ">. 5. Where did they go.? 6. What did Orgetorix do.' 7. Was he LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION II noble and rich ? 8. Did not the Gauls fight with the Ger- mans ? 9. What has Caesar seen ? 10. Is the Rhine a deep river? j-'Ti. Who was consul? 12. The consuls, Messala and Piso, will send across the Rhine the army which they have. 13. Was Casticus called a friend of the Roman people? 14. Had Orgetorix sent ambassadors? CLASS WORK I . Was not Dumnorix a friend of the Helvetii ? 2. He was not Caesar's friend, was he ? 3. What did his father have ? 4. The Helvetii, who are very brave, will wage war with Caesar. 5. Where is the army ? 6. Caesar was not an ambassador, was he ? 7. Will you not go with this friend ? 8. What has been done ? 9. What rivers divide Gaul ? 10. The soldier whom we sent has rich friends, LESSON IV THE ACCUSATIVE CASE (Case of Direct Object) GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Direct Object. H. 404 (371); LM. 497 ; G. 330; B. 172; 174; A. 237. 2. Double Accusative. H. 410; 411 (373; 374); LM. 521 ; 522; G. 339; 340; B. 178. i; 177. I ; A. 239. 2. a. c. VOCABULARY ask, rogo, -are, -avi, -atus. forces, copiae, copiarum, /. //. be able, possum, posse, potui, — . go across, transeo, transire, trans- courage, virtus, virtutis,/. ivi (transii), transiturus. father, pater, patris, m. grain, frumentum, -1, n. 12 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION hold, obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, power, royal power, rSgnum, -i, n. obtentus. select, choose, deligo, deligere, lead, duco, duoere, dflxi, ductus. delegi, delectus, most, plurimus, -a, -um {superla- teach, doceo, doc6re, dooui, tiveofvoMXtVLA'). doctus. EXERCISE I. Did the Helvetii have grain.? 2. They have chosen Orgetorix ambassador. 3. Casticus was a Sequanian whose father had held power. 4. The soldiers will cross the river. 5. Is not one part of Gaul called Aquitania } 6. The Hel- vetii were the most powerful people of all Gaul. 7. Who was the richest of the Helvetii.' 8. For what did they ask Caesar ? 9. The Roman people have called him friend. /lo. They are leading their forces across the Rhine. 11. The Germans will have taught the Helvetii courage. 12. Why was not Casticus called a friend of Rome.' 13. Whom shall we ask for soldiers.' 14. The Germans who used to live across the Rhine will teach the Gauls courage. 15. With whom are they waging war.' LESSON V ACCUSATIVE CASE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Extent in Space. H. 417 (379) ; LM. 513; G. 335; B. 181 ; A. 240. e. 2. Extent in Time. H. 417 (379); LM. 513; G. 336; B. 181 ; A. 240. e. 3. Limit of Motion. H. 418 (380) ; LM. 515; G. 337; B. 182. I. a. b. 2. 3 ; A. 258. b. 4. Numerals. H. 163 (174) ; LM. 1074; G. 94; B. 79; A. 94. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 1 3 VOCABULARY attempt, try, c5nor, conari, coua- long, longus, -a, -um. tus sum. man, homo, hominis, c. come, veuio, venire, veni, ven- many, multus, -a, -um. t>is. mile, mille passuum. n. (^plural, field, ager, agri, m. milia passuum). flow, flu5, fluere, fluzi, fluzus. small, parvils, -a, -um. foot, pes, pedis, m. through, per, prep, with ace. house, home, domus, -us and -\,f. town, oppidum, -1, n. leader, general, dux, ducis, m. year, annus, -I, m. EXERCISE I. The river is ten feet deep. 2. They had asked Caesar for grain. 3. Caesar has been general for many years. 4. Orgetorix had sent Casticus as ambassador to Rome. 5. The Helvetii will not go home. 6. That lake is many feet deep. 7. Ha(ye the Boii come to Noreia } 8. War teaches men many things. 9. The Rhone flows for many miles through Gaul. 10. Caesar will send Dum- norix home. 11. The field is two hundred feet long and five hundred feet wide. 12. For many years they have attempted to go to Rome. 13. The Helvetii did not go to Aquitania,_ did they .!• 14. Who is able to hold power for many years.' 15. They are going to' Geneva, which is a small town. CLASS. WORK In the consulship ^ of Piso and Gabinius, the Helvetii attempted to .go out of their territories to Aquitania. Their country was only two hundred and forty miles long, and so they could not easily make war. Orgetorix, whom they chose as leader, died ; nevertheless they made the attempt, and came to Geneva. Caesar, however, fought with them and sent them home. 1 Cf. Caesar, B.G., I. 2. 14 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION LESSON VI DATIVE CASE (Case of Indirect Object) GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. With Transitive Verbs. H. 424 (384. II) ; LM. 533 ; G. 345 ; B. 187. I; A. 225. 2. With Intransitive Verbs. H. 424; 426. i. 2 (3S4. I ; 385. I. II) ; LM. 530; 531 ; G. 346; B. 187. II. a; A. 227. 3. With Verbs compounded with Prepositions. H. 429 (386) ; LM. 532; 534; G. 347 J B. 187. Ill; A. 228. VOCABULARY bear, carry, fero, ferre, tuli, latus. legion, legio, legionis,/! command, order, impero, -are, march, iter facio, 3d. -avi, -atus. persuade, persuaded, persuadere, day, dies, diei, m. {fern, in sing.). persuasi, persuasus. . each one, quisque, quaeque, province, provincia, -ae, /. quidque. road, way, iter, itineris, n. excel, praesto, praestare, prae- say, tell, speak, dico, dicere, dixi, stiti, praestaturus. dictus. inform, certiorem facio, 3d. self, himself, sui, sibi, se. large number, multitudo, multi- wall, murus, -1, m. tiidinis,/'. EXERCISE I. Did not Orgetorix speak to Casticus ? 2. Caesar will march from Italy to Geneva. 3. They had sent an am- bassador to Caesar. 4. Who has informed the Helvetii.' 5. Caesar asks for soldiers for his army. 6. Each one carried grain for himself. 7. Who will persuade the Hel- vetii? 8. Did not the Germans excelthe Gauls.' 9. The ambassadors are asking Caesar for a road through the province. 10. The Helvetii could easily persuade the Allob- LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION I 5 roges, with whom the Romans have fought. 11. Caesar ordered from the province a large number of soldiers. 12. What shall we say to Caesar.' 13. Caesar's soldiers made a wall nineteen miles long. 14. The soldiers have marched for ten days through Italy. 15. The legion which Caesar had with him, and the soldiers whom he ha,d ordered from the province have made a wall sixteen feet high. LESSON VII DATIVE CASE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Of Possessor. H. 430 (387) ; LM. 542 ; G. 349 ; B. 190; A. 231. 2. Of Purpose. H.' 433 (390); LM. 548; G. 356; B. 191. I. 2 ; A. 233. 3. With Adjectives. H. 434 (391. 1); LM. 536; G. 359; B. 192. I. 2 ; A. 234. a. b. VOCABULARY aid, auxilium, -I, n. mind, animus, -i, m. be eager for, desire, studeo, stu- nearest, proximus, -a, -um. dere, studui, — . neighbors, finitimi, finitimorum, dangerous, periculosus, -a, -um. m. pi. fortification, munitio, muniti- put in command of, praeficio, prae- onis,/". ficere, praefeci, praefectus. friendly, amicus, -a, -um. subdue, paco, -are, -avi, -atus. give, do, dare, dedi, datua. unfriendly, inimicus, -a, -am. guard, praesidium, -1, n. warlilce, bellicosus, -a, -um. EXERCISE I. The Helvetii had it in mind to march through the province. 2. Caesar had sent his five legions as aid. 3. The Helvetii are nearest the Allobroges. 4. Did not l6 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION Caesar send this legion to guard the town ? 5. He has placed Labienus in command of the fortification which had been made. 6. Was Orgetorix eager for war? 7. Dumnorix, who was friendly to the Helvetii, was very powerful. 8. Caesar could not give grain to their neigh- bors. 9. Will they be able to persuade the consul ? 10. Caesar intends to make a wall three miles long. 11. The Allobroges whom we have subdued are un- friendly. 12. What did the Helvetii attempt .' 13. These warlike men will be dangerous neighbors to the province. 14. Will not the Helvetii go through this country .'' CLASS WORK After the death of Orgetorix, the Helvetii tried to march out of their country through the Roman province. But the Roman legion which was with Caesar, and the soldiers that he had ordered from the province fortified the road and stopped them. Dumnorix, whom they sent as ambas- sador, persuaded the Sequani to let ^ them march through their country. Will not these warlike men be hostile to the Aedui, friends of the Roman people .■'■ LESSON vni GENITIVE CASE (Adjective Case) GRAMSIATICAL REFERENCES 1. Possessive. H. 439 (395; 396. I); LM. 553; G. 362; B. 198 ; A. 214. a. i. 2. Subjective. H. 440. i (396. II) ; LM. 553 ; G. 363. i ; B. 199 ; A. 214. ^ Imperfect subjunctive with ut. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 1 7 3. Objective. H. 440. 2 (396. Ill); LM. 571; G. 363. 2; B. 200 ; A. 217. 4. Of Quality. H. 440. 3 (396. V); LM. 558; G. 365; B. 203 ; A. 215. b. VOCABULARY children, ITberi, liberorum, m. pi. lead to or on, adduco, adducere, command, imperium, -i, n. adduxT, adductus. concerning, &%,prep. with abl. love, amor, amoris, m. country, native land, patria, month, mensis, mensis, m. -ae, /. mountain, mons, mentis, ?«. eagerness, cupiditas, cupidita- return, reditio, reditionis, /. tis, /. supply, oopia, copiae,/". height, altitudo, altitudinis, /. take up, take away, toUo, tollere, hope, spes, spei,/. sustuli, sublatus. EXERCISE I. Caesar's army is marching to Geneva.' 2. Orgetorix was led on by eagerness for power. 3. The Jura moun- tain is of great height. 4. The country of the Tolosates is small. 5. The soldiers had made a wall of ten feet. 6. All hope of return home was taken away. 7. The river which the enemy's army is crossing is called the Arar. 8. This general's eagerness for war makes his soldiers brave. 9. Caesar has had command of this army for eight years. 10. The Helvetii are carrying grain for three months. 1 1. Geneva is nearest the territories of the Helvetii. 12. Fathers, teach your children love of coun- try. 13. The army has not a large supply of grain, has it.' 14. They have informed Caesar concerning the ambassa- dor's return. 1 8 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION LESSON IX GENITIVE CASE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Partitive. H. 440. 5-444 (397) ; LM. 559-564; G. 367; 368-372 ; B. 201 ; A. 216. a. c. e. 2. With Prepositional Substantives. H. 475.2; LM. 570; G. 373; B. 198. i; A. 223. e. 3. With Adjectives. H. 450 (399); LM. 573; G. 374; B. 204. I ; A. 218. a. 4. With Verbs of Memory. H. 454 (406. II) ; LM. 588; G. 376; B. 206. I. 2; A. 219. VOCABULARY any, aliqui, aliq.ua, aliquod. for the sake of, on account of, any one, aliquis, eliquid. causa or gratia, with gen. attack, adorlor, adoriri, adortus insult, contumelia, -ae,/. sum ; aggredior, aggredi, ag- lay waste, vasto, -are, -avl, -atus. gressus sum. no, none, nullus, -a, -um. be unwilling, nolo, nolle, nolui, — . obey, pareo, parere, parui, pari- conscious, conscius, -a, -um. turus. desirous, eager, cupidus, -a, peace, pax, pacis,/. -um. remember, remimscor, remini- forget, obliviaoor, oblivisci, ob- sci, — . litus sum. wrong, harm, iniiiria, -ae,/'. EXERCISE I. The Allobroges have no grain. 2. The Helvetii have laid waste many of their fields. 3. Caesar will attack that part of the army which has not crossed the river. 4. Were not the Helvetii eager for war } 5. Will they obey Caesar for the sake of peace .' 6. Divico, their ambassador, is not able to persuade Caesar. 7." What did Caesar say } 8. The Roman people had not been conscious of any wrong which LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION ig they had done. 9. Caesar is not willing to forget that insult. 10. Three parts of the army had marched through Italy to Rome. 11. On account of that war Caesar is un- friendly to the Gauls. 12. He intends to subdue the Helvetii. 13. Remember, Divico, the courage of the Romans. 14. That part of the Helvetian forces which he has attacked is called Tigurinus. CLASS WORK I. Caesar's legion has been sent ahead. 2. The Gauls who live nearest the Germans are very warlike. 3. Why are the Gauls called Celts .' 4. Who calls the Celts Gauls .'' 5. For many days Caesar has been asking the Aedui for grain. 6. Divico will be chosen as ambassador. 7. His eagerness to return home had been taken away. 8. Dum- norix has informed the Helvetii concerning Caesar's army. 9. Caesar's army is marching to Bibracte. 10. The Helvetii have been informed concerning this battle. LESSON X ABLATIVE CASE (Adverbial Case) GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Place Whence. H. 461 ; 462; 491. 2 (412. I. II; 428. II) ; LM. 60s ; 608; G. 390. I. 2 ; 391 ; B. 229 ; A. 258. a. 2. Accompaniment. H. 473 (419. I); LM 634; G. 392; B. 222 ; A. 248. a. 3. Place Where. H. 483 (425. II) ; LM. 623; 624; 627; G. 385 ; 386 ; B. 228 ; A. 258. c. i. Locative Case. H. 484. i. 2 (426. i. 2); LM. 620; 621; G. 411. R. I ; B. 232 ; A. 258. c. 2. 20 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION VOCABULARY assembly, conventus, oonven- move, moveo, movere, movi, tus, m. motus. camp, castra, castrorum, n. pi. place, locus, -i, tn. {plural m. and crops, frumenta, -orum, n. pi. n.) enemy, hostis, hostis, m. ripe, maturus, -a, -um. follow, sequor, sequi, secutus set out, proficiscor, proficisci, sum. profectus sum. great, large, magnus, -a, -um. spend the winter, hiemo, -Sre, Icnow, scio, scire, scivi, scitus; -avi, -atum. cognovi, cognovisse. EXERCISE I. Caesar was spending the winter in Italy. 2. The Helvetii will move their camp from that place. 3. Liscus said in the assembly many things which Caesar did not know. 4. The crops were not ripe in the fields. 5. Caesar with a large army is following the enemy. 6. All the forces of the Helvetii have set out from home. 7. Caesar did not forget the harm which Dumnorix had done. 8. The Helvetii will set out from home with all their forces. 9. The Gauls' ambassador at Rome was called Divico. 10. The Helvetii who are unfriendly to Rome are eager for war. 11. They will march from home with grain for one year. 12. Caesar's army will have followed the enemy from Geneva. 13. What did the ambassador Divico say to Caesar ? 14. The Romans who are in Gaul have asked the Aedui for grain. LESSON XI ABLATIVE CASE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES I. Means. H. 476 ; 468 (420; 415. I) ; LM. 645 ; 684; G. 401 ; B. 218; 216 ; A. 248. c ; 246. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 21 i. Time. H.486(429); LM.63o;.63i; G. 393 ; .B. 230; 231 ; A. 256. 3. Respect. H. 480 (424); LM. 650; G. 397; B. 226; A. 253. 4. Manner. H. 473. 3 (419. Ill); LM. 636; G. 399; B. 220; A. 248. VOCABULARY cavalry, equitatus, equitatus, m. same, idem, eadem, idem, daughter, fllia, -ae,/. scout, ezplorttor, ezplorato- favor, faveo, favere, favi, fau- ris, m. turus. send ahead, praemitto, praemit- influence, gratia, -ne,/. tere, praemisT, praemissus. language, lingua, -ae,/. sorrow, dolor, doloris, m. mercy, misericordia, -ae,/". tear, lacrima, -ae,/. on account of, propter, prep, with true, verus, -a, -um. ace. wife, uxor, uzoris,/. EXERCISE I. On the same day Caesar was informed by scouts con- cerning the enemy. 2. Was Considius sent ahead by Caesar with the cavalry } 3. The Gauls, Aquitani, and Belgae differ in language and laws. 4. Diviciacus, with many tears, asked Caesar for mercy. 5. These parts of Gaul are separated by three rivers. 6. On account of his wife, the daughter of Orgetorix, he favored the Helvetii. 7. The Helvetii-had crossed the river in twenty days, the Romans in one. 8. Diviciacus said, with great sorrow, " I know this is true." 9. Caesar wishes to march by the road which the enemy hold. 10. Dumnorix was very powerful in influence throughout all Gaul. 11. The Germans excel the Gauls in courage. 12. To-day we shall leave home. 13. The armies will fight in these fields. 14. In Bibracte grain will be given to the army by the general. 22 lATIN PROSE COMPOSITION CLASS WORK I. Galba has been king of the Suessiones. 2. His influ- ence at home and in the nearest provinces was great. 3. Are these lakes and rivers very deep ? 4. What has been said to Caesar? 5. The Romans had followed the Helvetii from Geneva to Bibracte. 6. The chiefs of the province will be informed. 7. He is sending scouts to Bibrax. 8. These legions, which were spending the winter in Italy, have been sent into Gaul. 9. The enemy's camp, which we can see, is very wide. 10. The general, who has been at Rome, will set out to his army. LESSON XII ABLATIVE CASE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Quality. H. 473. 2 (419. II) ; LM. 643 ; G. 400; B. 224 ;• A. 251. 2. Measure of Difference. H. 479 (423) ; LM. 655 ; G. 403 ; B. 223 ; A. 250. 3. Price. H. 478 (422); LM. 652; G. 404; B. 225; * A. 252 a. d. 4. Cause. H. 475 (416) ; LM. 6x2 ; G. 408; B. 219; A. 245. VOCABULARY arouse, commoveo, commovere, before, ante, adv. commovi, commStus. boldness, audacia, -ae,/. arrival, adventus, adventus, ;«. buy, emo, emere, emi, emptus. battle, proelium, -1, n. extraordinary, egregius, -a, -um. be sorry for, doleo, dolere, dolui, few, paucus, -a, -um. dolituruB. hill, coUis, collis, m. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION ' 23 matter, thing, rSs, rei,/. seize, occupo, -are, -avi, -Stus. price, pretium, -1, n. skilled, peritus, -a, -um. refrain from, abstiiieo, abstinere, wisli, be willing, vplo, velle, abstinui, abstentus. volui, — . EXERCISE I . Caesar had been informed by scouts concerning their arrival. 2. Was not Considius skilled in these matters ? 3. Is he sorry for the wrong which he has done ? 4. There had been a battle a few days before. 5. Dumnorix was a man of great boldness. 6. Was the hill held by Labi- enus at daybreak ? ^ 7. Why did he refratn from battle 1 8. He is aroused by love for his children. 9. Divico was a man of extraordinary courage. 10. Dumnorix is trying to seize the power in Gaul. 1 1. Labienus has fought with the enemy. 12. They can buy grain at a small price. 13. This river is three feet wider. 14. The Helvetii, led on by hope of power, have gone from home with all their forces. LESSON XIII ABLATIVE CASE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. With Verbs of Plenty and Want. H. 477. II (421. II); LM. 651 ; G. 405 ; B. 218. 8 ; A. 248. c. 2. 2. With Deponents. H. 477. I (421. 1); LM. 646; G. 407; B. 218. I ; A. 249. 3. Absolute. H. 489 (431) ; LM. 638; G. 409; B. 227. i; A. 255. a. 1 Cf. Caesar, B.G., I. 22, 24 . LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION VOCABULARY be in command of, praesum, fill, compleo, oomplSre, com- praeesse',praefui,praefuturus. plevi, oompletus. be without, careo, carere, carui, get possession of, potior, potiri, cariturus. potitus sum. began, ooepi, coepisse, coeptus. hasten, maturo, -are, -avi, -atum ; call together, convoco, -are, -avI, contendo, contendere, con- _g^„g tendi, contentus. carry, bring, porto, -are, -avi, himself, ipse, ipsa, ipsum. -atus. learn, find out, o6gn5sc6, oogno- chief, prxnoeps, principis, ?«. scere, oognovi, cognitus. city, urbs, urbis, /. next, posterus, -a, -um. enrol, oonscribo, consoribere, use, utor, iiti, usus sum. conscripsi, coascriptus. EXERCISE I. Caesar hastened by the road which the enemy had used. 2. The city is filled with soldiers. 3. In the' con- sulship of Messala and Piso, the Helvetii set oiit from home. 4. Dumnorix wished to get possession of the power in Gaul. 5. Caesar is sending into Gaul the five legions which he has enrolled in the province. 6. Having laid waste all the fields of the Aedui, they marched to Bibractel 7. They could not use the grain which the Aedui had brought. 8. Having called together the chiefs who were in command of the province, he asked their aid. 9. The army has not been without grain for many days, has it } 10. He sent the cavalry ahead, and marched himself, the next day, with a large army.-H^^ii. The Helvetii, hav- ing learned these things, began to follow the Roman legions to Bibracte. 12. He will use the cavalry to guard the town. 13. The army which is setting out from Geneva will not be able to cross the river. 14. Was not Dumnorix eager for power ? LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 2$ LESSON XIV REVIEW I. Concord. V. Dative Case. II. Questions. VI. Genitive Case. III. Nominative Case. VII. Ablative Case. IV. Accusative Case. VIII. Locative Case. EXERCISE I. Because of his eagerness for power, he desired war. 2. The next day Caesar sent the soldiers whom he had enrolled in the province to Geneva. 3. The Helvetii have marched for many days through Gaul. 4. These neigh- bors of the Belgae use the same laws. 5. Having burned up all their crops, the Helvetii set out from home. 6. The Remi had a. large town, Bibrax by name. 7. Iccius, a man of great influence among the Remi, was in command of the town. 8. They have laid waste all the fields and are hastening with all their forces to Caesar's camp. 9. The soldiers are making a wall of three hundred feet. 10. When this is done, they can march to help the legions. 1 1. They are trying to lead part of their forces across the river. 12. The Aedui can not persuade their friends, can they.' 13. At daybreak, Caesar was informed by scouts concern- ing the arrival of the enemy. 14. The Romans, who were not conscious of any wrong which they had done, could not forget this insult. 26 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION LESSON XV THE INFINITIVE / GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES ^ I 1. Simple Infinitive as Object (Complementary Infinitive). H. 607 entire (533); LM. 954; 955; G. 423. i. 2; B. 328. i; A. 271. 2. With Subject Accusative (Indirect Discourse). H. 613 (S3S) ; LM. 958 ; 961 ; G. 527 ; B. 331 ; A. 272. VOCABULARY approach, appropinquo, -are, -avi, dare, audeo, audere, ausus sum. -atus. discretion, prildentia, -ae,/. attack, impetus, impetus, m. eagle, aquila, -ae,/. become accustomed, consuesco, king, rex, regis, m. " cSnsuescere, consuevi, con- state, tribe, cxvitas, civitatis, /. suetus. {In the perfect system, think, arbitror, -ari, -atus sum; be accustomed.) puto, -are, -avi, -atus. beat, defeat, pello, pellere, pepuli, to, toward, against, near, ad, prep. pulsus. with ace. EXERCISE I. Are the Nervii accustomed to use cavalry iii battle.' 2. He says his army is brave. 3. What did he wish to be done ? 4. Caesar said that he would go to Italy. 5. He v(/ho carried the eagle of the legion began to approach the enemy. 6. The Belgae think that the Roman army is marching toward them. 7. They have not dared to make an attack upon the legions. 8. The Remi say that Galba, a "man of great discretion, is king of the Suessiones. 9. The wall which the soldiers are making can not be seen from this hill. 10. I have said that the Belgae inhabit one part of Gaul. 11. Why will the Helvetii try to march LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 2; through the Roman province? 12. Caesar has been in- formed by Labienus that the Belgae wish to make war. 13. Did you say that the Roman legions have been de- feated? 14. Having learned these things, the Helvetii began to go home. CLASS WORK Caesar was informed by Labienus that all the Belgae were making war. He enrolled in Italy two legions, and hastened with these to the army which had spent the winter among the Sequani. Then the Remi, who are the nearest of the Belgae to Gaul, informed him concerning the num- ber and courage of the enemy. A few days afterward, a battle was fought ^ hear the river Axona, where the Romans defeated the Belgae. On the following day, the Bellovaci and other tribes hastened home. Caesar followed at once, and, having received the Suessiones, Bellovaci, and Ambiani in surrender, led his army to the Nervii. LESSON XVI GERUND. GERUNDIVE. SUPINES SUBSTANTIVE FORMS OF VERB 6RABIMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Gerund. H. 624-629 (541; 542); LM. 989; 995-1003; G. 425 ; 428. R. 2 ; 429 ; 431-433 ; B. 338. i. 2. 3. 4 ; A. 295 ; 298-301. 2. Gerundive. H. 621 ; 622 ; 623 ; 625-629 (543 ; 544) ; LM. 988 ; 994-1003 ; G. 427 ; 428. R. 2 ; 429-433 i B. 339 ; A. 296 ; 298-301. 3. Supines. H. 632-635 (545-547); LM. 1005; 1007; G. 434 ; 435 ; 436 ; B. 340. 1.2; a. 302 ; 303. i.Cf. H. 302. 6 (301. i); LM. 360; G. 208. 2; B. 138 and 4; A. 146. d. 2g LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION VOCABULARY attend to, cause, euro, -are, -avi, let pass, dimitto, dimittere, -atua. dimisi, dimissus. bridge, pSus, pontis, jn. procure, comparo, -are, -avi, chance, opportunity, opportuni- -atus. tas, opportunitatis,/'. seek, pet5, petere, petivT (petii), delay, moror, morari, moratus petitus. sum. signal, standard, signum, -i, n. join, begin, committo, commit- suitable, idoneus, -a, -um. tere, oommisi, commissus. time, tempus, temporis, n. EXERCISE I. What did the Nervii say in seeking peace ? 2. Caesar had no chance of sending aid. 3. Caesar has delayed for three days for the sake of procuring grain.^ 4. He will give an army to this general to be led against those Gauls from whom ambassadors have not come. 5. The Aedui had sent ambassadors to Caesar to ask for help. 6. He caused a bridge to be made over the river. 7. He says this will be easy to do. 8. Are the Romans accustomed to use cavalry in fighting .'' 9. The soldiers will not let the time for fighting pass in seeking their own standards. 10. He had given the signal for beginning battle. 11. Is this place suitable for fighting? 12. He has caused the camp to be filled with soldiers. 1 3. There will be no opportunity for making war at that time of year. 14. He thinks the army is eager for fighting. CLASS WORK I. The eagle used to be the standard of Caesar's legions. 2. Caesar, whose army is in Gaul, has been consul at Rome. 3. Why did you go to Rome .? 4. Is not the river Rhone very wide at Geneva .>' 5. The enemy's army is marching across the bridge which the soldiers have made. 6. She LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 29 says that she will be at home. 7. A very high wall had been made at Bibracte. 8. These five legions will march from Italy to Geneva. 9. Labienus was in command of the camp which the Roman legions had fortified. 10. All the grain in the fields had been burnt up. LESSON XVII GERUND AND GERUNDIVE GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Gerund. H. 624-629 (541; 542); LM. 988; 994-1003; G. 425; 428. R. 2 ; 429 ; 431-433 ; B. 338. 1-4; A. 29s ; 298-301. 2. Gerundive. H. 621 ; 622 ; 623 ; 625-629 (543 ; 544) ; LM. 989; 99S-1003; G. 427-433; B. 339; A. 296; 298-301. VOCABULARY battle line, acies, acieT,/. defend, defends, defendere, dS- beginning, iuitium, -i, n. fendi, defensus. come together, convenio, con- end, finis, finis, m. venire, conveni, conventus. , night, nox, noctls,/'. draw up, instruo, instruere, in- use, usus, usus, m. struzi, instructus. EXERCISE I. Who will give the signal for beginning battle .' 2. The cavalry had crossed the river for the sake of fighting. 3. Caesar caused a long wall to be made. 4. I have said that all these things were^of great use to the Romans for. waging war. 5. They are coming together for the sake of defending, those whom our army has attacked. 6. He thinks that night will put a stop to ^ the fighting. 7. The > Latin, " make an end of," 30 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION beginning of crossing will be made by the Romans. 8. They had given five legions to Labienus to be led into Gaul. 9. This place is suitable for drawing up a line of battle. 10. At that time of year there :was no chance of crossing to Britain. CLASS WORK The Nervii, a people of great courage, awaited the arrival of Caesar's army across the river. The Romans had chosen a hill on this side of the river for their camp. The enemy, however, suddenly attacked the soldiers who were fortifying this place. There was a fierce battle in which Caesar himself fought in the first rank. After the Nervii were defeated, Caesar stormed a town of the Aduatuci, who quickly asked for mercy. And so, having subdued all Gaul, he set out to Italy. LESSON XVIII MOODS. TENSES. INDIRECT QUESTIONS GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Moods. H. 520-522; 560; 561 (474; 477; 487; 489); LM. 692; 710; 713; 725; 728; G. 253; 254; 25s; 263.3; 266; 271. 2; B. 271; 272; 27s; 281; 276. c; A. 264; 265; 266; 269. a. 2. 2. Tenses. H. 198. i. 2 ; 537. i. 2 (198; 471); LM. 785; 741 ; 742 ; G. 225 ; 235 ; 239 ; B. 258 ; 262. A. B ; A. 285. i. 2 ; 279. 3. Sequence of Tenses. H. 543-545 (491-496) ;. LM. 803; 804 ; G. 509 ; 5 10 ; B. 267. I. 2 ; A. 286. 4. Indirect Questions. H. 649. 11(529. I) ; LM. 810 ; G. 452. 2 ; 467 ; B. 300. I ; A. 334, LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION VOCABULARY 31 arms, arma, -orum, n. pi. number, numerus, -i, m. custom, institutum, -i, n. promise, poUiceor, pollic§ri, pol- di£Sculty, difficultas, difficulta- licitus sum. tis, f. repair, reficio, reficere, refeci, enough, satis, adv., and indecl. adj. refectus. hostage, obses, obsidis, c. ship, boat, navis, navis,/. how large, quantus, -a, -um. tear down, rescindo, rescindere, inquire, ask, quaero, quaerere, rescidi, rescissus. quaesivi, quaesTtus. there, ibi, adv. merchant, trader, mercator, mer- catoris, m. EXERCISE I. Why did Caesar go to Britain? 2. We know why Caesar went to Britain. 3. He wished to know what people dwelt there. 4. The merchants aire not able to say what customs they use. 5. Has Caesar asked what states are in arms.' ,6. Caesar thinks these ships are enough to carry three legions. 7. -Do not tell the Britoris, Volusenus, that I shall come quickly. 8. The Remi had no difficulty in finding out these things. .9. They know how large a num- ber of soldiers each state has, promised. 10. Let the Ger- mans tear down the bridge which Caesar has had made across the Rhine. 11. After the battle, the Nervii prom- ised that they would ,giv|p hostages. 12. They asked what he wished them to do. 13. The soldiers are asking what he will use for'repairin.g the wall. 14. Lead this army, lieutenants, to those states from which, ambassadors have not come. 32 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION LESSON XIX SENTENCES OF DESIGN OR PURPOSE (Final Sentences) GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Pure. H. 568 (497. II); LM. 899; G. 544. I; 545. i. 2. 3; B. 282. i; A. 317. I. 2. Complementary. H. 565 (498.'!) ; LM. 893-895 ; G. 544. II ; 546 ; B. 295. I. 2. 4 ; 296. i ; A. 331. 3. Relative. H. 590 (497. 1); LM. 835 ; G. 630-; B. 282. 2; A. 317. 2. 4. Sequence in Sentences of Design. G. 512. VOCABULARY bring in or upon, infero, inferre, take, sumo, sumere, sumpsi, intuli, inlatus. sumptus. deliberate, deliberS, -are, -avi, townspeople, oppidani, -orum, -atus. ni. pi. make war upon, bellum infero. urge, hortor, -ari, -atus sum. order, iube6,iubere,iussi,iussus. warn, advise, moneo, monere, monuT, monitus. EXERCISE I . The soldiers urged that this wrong should not be * done. 2. Who will persuade the Britons to send hostages ? 3. They have sent messengers to ask for peace. 4. The time of year is not suitable for making war. 5. He has told why he wished the ships to be broader. 6. Caesar was friendly to the Aedui in order that his army might not lack grain. 7. Has Iccius sent ambassadors to ask for help .■■ 8. They will ask why we are going to Rome. 9. In order that the soldiers, whom he had ordered from the province, might come together, he said he would take time LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 33 for deliberating. 10. He will order the soldiers to go out of the town, in order that no harm may be done to the townspeople. 11. When this was done, Caesar caused a bridge to be made over the river. 12. Who advised the Helvetii to burn up their crops.? 13. Caesar had com- manded the neighbors of the Nervii not to make war upon them. 14. He commands Commius to tell the Britons that he will come quickly. LESSON XX VERBS OF FEARING. SENTENCES OF TENDENCY OR RESULT (Consecutive Sentences) GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Clauses after Verbs of Fearing. H. 567. i. 2 (498. Ill) ; LM. 897 ; G. 550 ; B. 296. 2 ; A. 331 f. 2. Sentences of Tendency or Result. G. 551 ; A. 319. a. Pure. H. 570 (500. I. II) ; LM. 905; G. 552; B. 284; A. 319. I. 6. Complementary. H. 571. i. 3 (501. I. II) ; LM. 902; G. 553; B. 297; A. 332. c. Relative. H. 591. i. 2 (503) ; LM. 836; G. 631; B. 283. I ; A. 319. 2; 320. VOCABULARY conquer, vinoo, vincere, viol, hold or hem in, contineo, oon- victus. tinere, continui, contentus. disembark, navi egredior. island, insula, -ae,/. fear, timeo, timere, timui, — ; moon, luna, -ae,/". vereor, verSri, veritus sum. so great, tantus, -a, -um. full, plenus, -a, -um. step out or off, egredior, Sgredi, happen, accido, accidere, ac- egressus sum. oidi, — . storm, tempestas, tempestStiB,/. 34 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION EXERCISE I. The general feared that his army would be beaten. 2. The storm is so great that the soldiers can not march to Rome. 3. It happens to-night to be full moon. 4. An ambassador who does not dare to leave his ship will have small chance of seeing the Britons. 5. The townspeople fear that they can not repair the wall. 6. Caesar wished to go to Britain in order that he might get possession of the island. 7. Fight, soldiers, so as to conquer the enemy. 8. Who has urged the Britons to make peace ? 9. He will send an ambassador to ask for aid. 10. The Hel- vetii were hemmed in by mountains, so that they could not easily make war upon their neighbors. 11. The Aduatuci feared that their enemies would besiege the town. 12. The Britons know what is going on in our camp. 13. Storms followed, which held our men in camp. 14. The soldiers fear that the ships will not come. LESSON XXI SENTENCES OF DESIGN AND TENDENCY (Purpose and Result) GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Sentences of Design. H. 565; 567. i. 2; 568; 590 (498 I ; 499. II ; 498. Ill) ; LM. 897 ; 893 ; 899 ; 835 ; G. 543 ; 544 545 i 546; 550; 630; B. 282; 295; 296; 282. 2; A. 317; 331 2. Sentences of Tendency. H. 570; 571. i. 3; 591; (500 I. II ; 503. 1) ; LM. 902 ; 905 ; 836 ; G. 551 ; 552 ; 553 ; 631 ; B. 284 ; 297 ; 283. I ; A. 319 ; 332. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 35 VOCABULARY galley, warship, nSvis longa. refuse, nego, -Sre, -avi, -Stua. loose, let go, solvo, solvere, solvi, sail, iiavigo, -are, -avi, -atus. solutus. set sail, navem solvo, 3d. reach, arrive at, pervenio, perve- tide, aestus, aestus, m. nire, perveni, perventus ; at- tribe, natio, nationis,/. tingo, attingere, attigl, attac- useless, inutilis, inutile. tus. EXERCISE I. The tide fills the- galleys, so that they are useless for sailing. 2. He fears that they will have great difficulty in reaching Britain. 3. His army is so large that he has not enough ships. 4. Inquire why the cavalry delays. 5. He has sent soldiers to conquer the tribes. 6. It happened that the Britons refused to make peace. 7. He feared that his legions would not conquer the enemy. 8. The general ordered the soldiers not to set sail on that day. 9. He promised to find out who was king. 10. Who will dare to carry the eagle, in order that the soldiers may not fear } CLASS WORK During the same year in which Caesar led his army into Germany, he determined to go to Britain. He accord- ingly set sail from Port Itius with two legions, and reached the island in a few hours. There his brave soldiers jumped down into the deep water ^ and drove off the Britons who were trying to keep them from the shore. A few days later, a great storm damaged the ships so that twelve were useless for sailing. Caesar caused the rest to be repaired and, having again defeated the Britons, returned to Gaul. 1 Omit. 36 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION LESSON XXII CUM CLAUSES GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES I. Temporal. H. 600. 1 (521.1); LM.856; G. 580; B. 288. '2. Historical. H. 600. II (521. II) ; LM. 858 ; G. 585 ; B. 288. B; A. 325. 3. Causal. H. 598 (517); LM. 863; G. 586; B. 286. 2; A. 326. 4. Concessive. H. 598 (515. Ill); LM. 863; G. 587; B. 309. 3 ; A. 326. VOCABULARY baggage, impedimenta, -orum, place, station, oonloco, -are, -avi, n. pi. -atua. carry over, transports, -are, -avi, reply, respondeo, respond§re, -atus. respond!, resfionsus. so, tarn, adv. EXERCISE I . When Caesar was. in Gaul, he was informed by Labi- enus that the Belgae were making 'war. 2. When he had come to Rome, he saw the general. 3. Since you are very brave, you will easily conquer. 4. When night had come, * they sent ambassadors to ask for peace. 5. When he saw the cavalicy of the enemy, he feared that his soldiers would be conquered. 6. Although they had caused many ships to be made, they could not carry over the baggage. 7. The Britons were so brave that the Romans feared them. 8. When he was in Rome, he inquired who had been sent. 9. He has placed two legions among the Remi, in order that they may not make war. 10. When the Cimbri left home, they marched to Italy. 11. When Caesar had LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 37 learned this, he hastened to Geneva. 12. The ambassador replied, " Although these things are so, we shall cross the river immediately." 13. They are going to Bibracte to seek grain. 14. The Romans did not fear that they would not be able to set sail on that day. LESSON XXIII CONDITIONAL SENTENCES GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Conditional Sentences. H. 572; 575; 573; (506; 507, especially the notes); LM. 926; 928; 930-932; 0.589; 590; 591; 594; B. 301; A. 304. a. Logical (Real). H. 574 (508) ; LM. 933 ; G. 595 ; B. 302 ; A. 306; 307. I. a. b. Ideal (Possible). H. 576 (509); LM. 936; G. 596; B. 303 ; A. 307. 2. b. c. Unreal (Contrary to Fact). H. 579 (510) ; LM. 938; G. 597 ; B. 304 ; A. 308. VOCABULARY delay, mora, -ae,/. take, capture, capio, capere, cepT, messenger, uSntius, -J, m. captus. without, sine, prep, with abl. EXERCISE I. If Caesar goes to Britain, the army will follow. 2. If he should place soldiers at Bibracte, the Aedui would give them grain. 3. If hie had dared to fight, we should have thought him brave. 4. If they have delayed, they have not reached the ship. 5. When the moon is full, there is high tide. 6. If he were willing to forget that insult, he would not be a true Roman. 7. If you fear the enemy, you will not conquer. 8. Make haste, soldiers, unless you 38 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION wish the eagle to be captured. 9. If they should move their camp, the Gauls would march without delay to Geneva. 10. If the river were not deep, the army would be able to cross over. 11. If the messengers should inform the Gauls of Caesar's arrival, they would send ambassadors to him. 12. If the general is brave, he will lead the soldiers to battle. 13. If those people had been warlike, they would have been dangerous neighbors to the province. 14. If he should remember this place, he would get possession of it at once. LESSON XXIV ORATIO OBLIQUA GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES 1. Oratio Obliqua. H. 641 (522); LM. 1020; 1021 ; G. 648; B. 313; A. 335; 336. 1. 2. Moods in Oratio Obliqua. H. 642 ; 643 (523 ; 524) ; LM. 1023; 1026; G. 650; 651; 652; B. 314; 315; 316; A. 336- 2; 338; 339. 3. Tenses in Oratio Obliqua. H. 644 (525); LM. 1030; 1031 ; G. 653 ; 654 ; B. 317 ; 318 ; A. 336. A. B. 4. Pronouns in Oratio Obliqua. H. 645 (526) ; LM. 1033; » G. 660. VOCABULARY because, quod, conj. love, amo, -are, -avT, -atus. god, deuB, -1, m. other, alius, alia, aliud. good, bonus, -a, -um. report, renuntio, -are, -avi, -atus. EXERCISE I. Caesar replied that he would not come. 2. I know you thought that what you said was true. 3. He said to the soldiers that the place was suitable for a battle. 4. The LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 39 Helvetii said that they wished to march through the prov- ince, because there was no other way. 5. He said that the Roman people were to remember the valor of their fathers. 6. The Romans used to say that the gods gave many good things to those whom they loved. 7. Caesar replied : although these things were so, he would make peace with them. 8. Liscus says that Dumnorix has reported to the Helvetii what is going on in the Roman camp. 9. Why, said Caesar, should he fear.? lo. Caesar has said that the Nervii whom he conquered were very brave. 11. Considius says that the enemy hold the hill which the general wished Labienus to seize. 12. Dumno- rix kept asking why they were going to Britain. 13. They have promised to do what we command, and to give hos- tages. 14. The Helvetii said that the Romans should not think themselves very brave because they had attacked one part of the army. CLASS WORE During the next summer, Caesar, having left part of his army in Gaul, returned to Britain with five legions and the cavalry. After the army had disembarked, Caesar has- tened against the enemy. He marched twelve miles that night, and fought with the Britons near a small river. On the following day, however, a messenger came to report that a storm had damaged the ships. After delaying ten days for the sake of repairing these, he set out again against greater forces of the Britons. His army, however, easily drove them off, and, the next day, crossed the river Thames. Then the tribes began to send ambassadors to ask for peace. A few days later, Caesar led his legions back to the sea and embarked. All his ships reached Gaul unbarroed. 40 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION I. Infinitive. LESSON XXV REVIEW VII. Indirect Questions. II. Gerund and Gerundive. VIII. Sentences of Design. III. Supines. IV. Moods. IX. Sentences of Tendency. X. Cum Clauses. V. Tenses. XI. Conditional Sentences. VI. Sequence of Tenses. XII. Oratio Obliqua. VOCABULARY brother, frater, fratris, m. occisus ; interficio, interficere, kill, occTdo, occidere, occTdi, interfeoi, interfectus. EXERCISE I. Dumnorix was so eager for power that he was un- friendly to his brother. 2. You promised that you would do Caesar's commands and give hostages. 3. They kept urging Dumnorix to obey Caesar. 4. He has left Labie- nus in Gaul in order that he may procure grain. 5. Sol- diers, if Dumnorix obeys, do not kill him. 6. When we had assembled on the shore, we saw many ships. 7. If Caesar had delayed for three days, the Helvetii would LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 4I have gone home. 8. The cavalry was of use for following the enemy, g. We do not fear that our friends will not be at home. 10. It is coming to pass ' that the Romans hold all power in Gaul. 11. Although I am chief of the Aedui, Caesar dares to command me to follow him. 12. This soldier has been trying to find out what is going on in our camp. 13. Since all Gaul had been subdued, the general hastened to Italy. 14. Caesar had said that they should send, as hostages, the children of those chiefs whom he had seen. 15. If our cavalry should seize this hill, the enemy would move their camp. * Use passive of facio. GENERAL VOCABULARY able, be able, OAUtpossum, posse, potm, — . absent, be absent, absum, abesse; dfui, dfuturus. accordingly, itaqtu. accustomed, become accustomed ; be accustomed, in perfect system, con- suisco, consuescere, consuevT, consne- tus. across, trans, prep, with ace. Aduatuci, AduatucT, -drum, m. pi. advise, warn, moneo, monere, monuJ, monitus. Aedui, Aedui, -orum, m. pi. after, post, prep, with ace, and adv. again, riirsus, adv. against, ad, prep, with ace. aid, help, atixilzum, -i, n, all, omnis, onine, adj. AUobroges, Allobroges, -um, m. pi. allow, permit, let, potior, pati, passus sum. although, cum, conj. ambassador, ligdtus, -i, m. Ambiani, Ambiani, -drum, m. pi. among, inter, prep, with ace; in, prep, with abl. and, et, conj. and so, itaque. any, aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, adj. approach, appropinquo, -are, -dvi, -dtus. Aquitani, Aquitdm, -orum, m. pi. Aquitania, Aquitdnia, -ae, f. Arar, Arar, Araris, m. arms, arma, -druTn, n. pi, army, exercitus, -us, m. arrival, adventu^'-Us, m. ask, inquire, quaero, quaerere, quae- sTvi, quaesltus. ask for, rogo, -are, -dvi, -dti4s, 3s%eTcA>\y,^conventus, -Us, m. at once, statim, adv. attack, impetus, -Us, m.; adorior, adorlri, adortus sum ; aggredior, ^gg^^^h aggressus sum. attempt, try, cdnor, -art, -dtus sum. Axona, Axona, -ae, f. B baggage, impedimenta, -drum, n. pi. battle, proeliujn, -i, n. battle line, acies, aciei, f. be, sum, esse, fui, futurus. bear, c&r-cy, ferd, ferre, tuli, Idtus. beat, defeat, pelld, pellere, pepuli, pul- sus. because, quod, conj. before, ante, adv., and prep, with ace. began, have begun, coepi, coepisse, coeptus. beginning, initium, -f, n. be in command of, praesum, praeesse, praefui, praefuturus. Belgae, Belgae, -drum, m. pi. Bellovaci, Bellovaci, -drum, m. pL 43 44 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION be sorry for, doleo, dolere, dolui, doli- tiirus. be without, cared, tirerci carui, cari- turus. Bibracte, Bibrade, Bibfactis, ti. Bibrax, Bibrax, Bibractis, f. Boii, Boit, Boiorum, m. pi. boldness, auddcia, -ae, i. honndanes, fines, fintum, m. pi. hr&vt, fortis, forte, adj. bridge, pons, ponds, f. bring, carry, porta, -are, -dvl, -dtus. bring in or upon, infero, inferre, in- tuit, inldtus. Britain, Britannia, -ae, f. Britons, Britannl, -drum, m. pi. hiolhet, frater, frdiris, m. burn up, combiiro, combUrere, com- bussi, combustus. buy up, coemo, coemere, coemi, coem- ptus. Caesar, Caesar, Caesaris, m. call, name, appello, -are, -dvl, -dtus. call together, convoco, -are, -dvT, -dtus, camp, castra, -Brum, n. pi. can, be able, possum, posse, potul, — . capture, capio, capere, cept, captus. carry, fero, ferre, tuli, latus ; porta, -are, -dvi, -dtus, carry on, gero, gerere, gessT, gestus, carry over, transports, -are, -dvl, -dtus. Casticus, Casticus, -I, m. cause, take care, ciiro, -dre, -dvl, -dtus. cavalry, equitdtus, -Us, m. ; equites, equitum, m. pi. Celts, Celtae, -arum, m. pi. chance, opportunitds, opportunitdtis, f. chief, prlnceps, prlncipis, m. children, llberl, -drunt, m. pL choose, select, deligo, diligere, deligi, delectus, Cimbri, Cimbrt, -drum, m. pi, city, urbs, urbis, f. come, venid, venire, vent, iientus. come together, convenid, convenlre, convenl, conventus. command, imperd, -are, -dvl, -dtus; iubed, iubere, iussl, iussus; impe- rium, -I, ji. Commius, Commius, -I, m, concerning, about, de, prep, with abl. conquer, vincd, vincere, via, victus. conscious, cdnscius, -a, -um, adj. • Considius, Considius, -I, m. consul, cdnsul, consults, m. country, ager, agrl, m. ; native country, patria, -ae, i, courage, virtUs, virtutis, f. crops, frumenta, -drum, n. pi. cross, go across, trdnsed, trdnslre, trdnslvl (-il), trdnsiturus. custom, Institutum, -I, u, D damage, wreck, adfllgd, adfligere, ad- Jllxl, adfllctus. dangerous, perlculdsus, -a, -um, adj. dare, auded, audere, ausus sum, daughter, yiAo, -ae, f. day, dies, diel, m. (in sing, also f.). deep, altus, -a, -um, adj. defend, ward off, defends, difendere, defendl, defensus, delay, mora, -ae, f. ; moror, -drl, -dtus sum, deliberate, dellberd, -dre, -dvl, -dtus, desire, be eager for, studeS, studire, siudut, — . LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 45 determine, constituo, constituere, con- siilui, cdnstitutus, die, morior, mori or morirl, mortuus sum. differ, differs, differre, disiulf; dildtits. difficulty, difficultds, difficullatis, i. discretion, priideniia, -ae, f. disembark, navi egredior, egredi, egres- sus sum ; expand, exponere, exposui, expositus. Diviciacus, Divicidcus, -i, m. Divico, DivicS, Diviconis, m. divide, separate, dlvido, dtvidere, di- visJ, aTvisus. do, make,y?z«iJ, facere, feci, /actus. draw up, imtitud, instituere, institul, institutus. drive off, repello, repellere, reppuR, repulsus, Dumnorix, Dumnorix, Dumnortgis, m. dwell, inhabit, incolo, incolere, in- colul, — . E each one, quisque, quaeque, quidque, pron. eager, cupidus, -a, -um, adj.; be eager, studeS, siudere, studul, — . eagerness, cupiditas, cupiditatis, f. eagle, aquila, -ae, i. easiHy, facile, adv. embark, ndvem conscendo, conscendere, conscendi, conscensus. end, finis, fltas, m. enemy, hostis, hostis, m. enough, satis, adv. and indecl.adj. enrol, conscribo, conscribere, conscripsi, conscriptus. excel, praesto, praestdre, praestifi, praestdtiirus. extraordinary, egregius, -a, -um, adj. far, hnge, adv. father, pater, patris, m. favor, faveo, fav'ere, fdvi, fauturus. fear, timed, timer e, timul, — j vereor, vereri, veritus sum, few, paucus, -a, -um, adj. field, ager, agri, m. fiercely, dcriter, adv. fight, contendo, contendere, contendt, contentus ; pUgiio, -are, -dvi, -dtas. fill, compleo, complire, eompievi, com- putus. first, primus, -a, -um, adj. flow, fluo, fluere, fluxt, fluxus. follow, sequor, sequi, secUtus sum. ioot, pes, pedis, m. forces, copiae, -drum, f. pi. forget, obliviscor, obllvisci, oblltus sum. for the sake of, causa, grdtid, with gen. for what reason, why, cHr, quam ob rem, quam ob causam. fortification, mUnitid, mUnitionis, f. fortify, mUnio, mUnire, micnim {mu- nii), mUnitus, friend, amicus, -i, m. friendly, amicus, -a, -um, adj. from, ab, de, «;r, prep, with abU {yjW,plenus, -a, -um, adj. Gabinius, Gabinius, -i, m. Galba, Galba, -ae, m. galley, warship, ndvis longa, ndvis longae, f. Gaul, Gallia, -ae, f. Gauls, Galli, -drum, m. pi. general, imperdtor, imperdtoris, m. ; dux, duds, m. Geneva, Gendva, -ae, f. 46 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION Germans, GermSnl, -drum, m. pL Germany, Germania, -ae, I, get possession of, potior, potiri, potitus sum. give, do, dare, dedi, datus. go, eo. Ire, ivi {it), iiUrus. god, deus, del, m. good, bonus, -a, -um, adj. go out, exeo, exire, exivi {exit), exitus, gc&m, friimentum, -J, n. great, large, mdgnus, -a, -um, adj. guard, praesidium, -i, ii. H Haedui : see Aedui. happen, accido, accidere, accidl, — . hasten, contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus; mdiHro, -are, -dvt, -dtum. have, habeo, habere, habui, habitus. he, is, ea, id, pron. height, altiiudo, altitUdinis, i. Helvetii, Hehetii, -drum, m. pi. high, altus, -a, -um, adj. hill, collis, collis, m. himself, ipse, ipsa, ipsum, pron.; of himself, sul, sibi, se, reflex, pron. hold, hold against, oblined, obiinere, obtinui, obtentus, hold or hem in, contineo, continere, continuT, contentus, home, domus, -Us or -f, f. hope, spes, spet, i. hostage, obses, obsidis, c. hour, hora, -ae, f, house, domus, -us or -i, i. however, autem, conj., postpos. how large, quantus, a, -um, adj. I, ego, met, pron. Iccius, Iccius, -i, m. in, in, prep, with abl. influence, gratia, -at, f. ; commoveo, commovere, commovi, commotus. inform (make more certain), certiorem facio. inhabit, dwell, incolo, incolere, in- colui, — . inquire, ask, quaero, qttaerere, quaesim, quaesUus, insult, contumelia, -ae, I. into, in, prep, with ace. island. Insula, -ae, f. Italy, Italia, -ae, f. Itius, Itius, -l, m. J join, committo, committere, comnusi, commissus. jump down, desilio, desilire, desilui, desultum. Jura, lUra, -ae, m. K keep from, 'pte.ytr\t,prohibeo,prohibere, prohibm, prohibitus, kill, interficio, interficere, interfeci, inierfectus; occido, occidere, occidl, occlsus, know, scio, scire, sclvi, sctius ; cognom, cognovisse, cognitus. Labienus, Labienus, -I, m. lake, lacus, lacUs, m. language, lingua, -ae, f. large, mdgnus, -a, -um, adj. large number, multitudo, multitHdi- nis, f. law, lex, legis, f. lay waste, vdslo, -are, -dvi, -dtus. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 47 lead, diico, ducere, duxi, ductus, leader, dux, ducis, m. lead on, adducd, adducere, adduxi, adducius. learn, find out, cognoscS, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus. leave behind, Iteave, relinquo, relin- quere, rellqui, rellctus. legion, legio, legionis, f. let pass, demitlo, demittere, dimisi, de- missus. Liscus, Liscus, -i, m. long, longus, -a, -um, adj. loose, let go, solvo, solvere, solvi, solii- ius. love, amo, -are, -dm, -dtus ; amor, amoris, m. M make, facio, facer e, fed, factus. make v?ar, bellum facio, bellum gero, bellum tnfero. man, vir, viri, m. ; in widest sense, homo, hominis, c. many, multus, -a, -um, adj. march, Her, itineris, n. ; to march, iter facid._ matter, thing, res, rei, f. merchant, trader, mercdtor, mercdto- ris, m. mercy, misericordia, -ae, f. Messala, Messdla, -ae, m. messenger, nUntius, -i, m. mile (one thousand paces), mlUe pas- suum, II.; pi. mllia passuum. mind, animus, -i, m. month, mensis, mensis, m. moon, lUna, -ae, f. most, plUrimus, -a, -um, adj. (superl. oi multus), mountain, mons, montis, m. move, moves, movere, movl, motus. N ' name, nomen, nominis, n. ataxe^i, proximus, -a, -um, adj. neighbors, flnitimi, -orum, m. pi. Nervii, Nervii, -drum, m. pi. nevertheless, tamen, conj. next, posterus, -a, -um, adj. night, 7tox, noctis, f. no, none, nUllus, -a, -um, pron. adj. noble, nobilis, -e, adj. Noreia, Noriia, ae, f. not, non, adv. not conscious, znscius, -a, -um, adj. number, nufnerus, -i, m. O obey, pared, pdrire, parui, pdriturus. on account of, propter, prep, with ace. one, iinus, -a, -um, adj. only, tantum, adv. on this side of, cis, adv., and prep. with ace. opportunity, opportUnitds, opportuni- tdtis, f. order, iubeo, iubere,^ iussi, iussus ; impero, -are, -dvi, -dtus. Orgetorix, Orgetorix, Orgetorigis, m. other, alius, -a, -ud, pron. adj. ; the other, the rest of, ceterus, -a, -um, adj. (usually in pi.). part, pars, partis, f. peace, pax, pads, f. people, populus, -I, m. persuade, persuaded, persuddire^ per- sudsi, persudsus, Piso, Piso, PisSnis, m. place, locus, -f, m. (pi. generally neut.). place, station, conloco, -are, -dvi, -dtus. foxt, portm, poritts, m. 48 LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION power, royal power, regnum, -t, u. powerful, be powerful, possum, posse, potuT, — . price, pretium, -I, n. procure, comparo, -are, -dm, -Stus. promise, polliceor, poUiceri, poUicitus sum. province, provincia, -ae, f. put in command o{,praefiHo ,praeficere, praeflci, praefectus. Q quickly, cekriter, adv. R rank, acies^ aciei, f. reach, arrive at, pervenio, pervenlre, pervmi, perventus, followed by ad with ace; attingo, attingere, attigl, attactus, receive, accipio, accipere, accept, ac- ceptus. refrain from, abstineo, abstinere, absti- nm, abstentus. refuse, nego, -dre, -dvi, -dtus. remember, reminiscor, reminlsci, — . Remi, Reml, -Brum, m. pi. repair, remake, reficio, reficere, refect, refectus. reply, responded, respondere, respondt, responsus. report, renuntio, -dre, -dvi, -dtus. rest of, remaining, reliquus, -a, -um, adj.; ceterus, -a, -um, adj. return, reded, redire, redivl {redit), rediturus ; reditio, reditionis, t. Rhine, Jikenus, -I, m. Rhone, Rhodanus, -i, m. rich, dfves, dim/is, adj., superl. dttissi- mus. ripe, mdturus, -a, -um, adj. xmx, flumen, fliiminis, n. road, way, iter, itineris, ii, Roman, Romdnus, -a, -um, adj. Romaiis, Romdni, -drum, m. pi. Rome, Roma, -ae, f. Sabis, Sabis, Sabis, m. sail, ndvigd, -are, -dvi, -dtus. same, idem, eadem, idem, pron. say, speak, died, dicere, dixi, dictus. scout, explordtor, explordioris, m. sea, mare, maris, n. see, video, videre, vidi, visus. seek, petd, petere, petivi, petitus. Seine, Sequana, -at, f. seize, occupo, -dre, -dvi, -dtus. select, choose, deligd, deligere, delegi, delectus. self, sui, sibi, si, refl. pron. send, mitto, mittere, mist, missuj. send ahead, praemitto, praemittere, praemisi, praemissus. separate, divide, divido, dividere, di- visi, divisus. Sequani, Sequani, -Brum, m. pi. Sequanian, Sequanus, -a, -um, adj. set out, proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum. set sail, ndvem solvS. ship, boat, ndvis, ndvis, f. * shore, litus, litoris, n. signal, signum, -i, n. skilled, peritus, -a, -um, adj. small, parvus, -a, -um, adj. so, tarn, adv. (especially with adjs.) ; ita, adv. so great, tantus, -a, -um, adj. soldier, miles, militis, m. • sorrow, dolor, dolor is, m. spend the winter, hiemo, :dre, -dvi, -dtum. LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION 49 standard, stgnum, -i, u. state, tribe, civitds, civitdtis, i. step out or off, egredior, egredl, egrtssus sum. stop, prevent, prohibed, prohibert, pro- hibui, prohibitus. storm, tempestds, iempestdtis, f. storm, besiege, oppitgno, -are, -dm, -dtus. strive, hasten, contendo, contendere, con- tendi, contentus. subdue, /flrJ, -dre, -dvi, -dtus. suddenly, subito, adv. Suessiones, Suessiones, Suessionum, m. pi. suitable, idoneus, -a, -um, adj. summer, aeslds, 'a'estdiis, f. supply, copia, -ae, f. surrender, deditib, deditionis, f. take, sumo, sumere, sumpsi, silmptus. take, capture, capio, caper e, dpi, captus. take away (take up), iolld, toller e, sustuli, subldtus. teach, doced, docere, docui, doctus, tear, lacrima, -ae, f. tear down, rescindd, rescindere, rescidi, rescissus. tell, dicb, dicere, dixi, dictus. that, ille, ilia, illud, pron. then, inde, adv. there, ibi, adv.; ed, adv. thing, res, rA, f. think, puto, -are, -dvi, -dtus ; arbitror, -art, -dtus sum. this, is, ea, id, hie, haec, hoc, prons. through, per, prep, with ace. tide, aestus, aestUs, m. Tigurinus, Tigurinus, -a, -um, adj. time, tempos, temporis, u. to, toward, ad, prep, with ace. to-day, hodie, adv. town, oppidum, -i, n. townspeople, oppiddni, -Brum, m. pi. tribe, civitds, civitdtis, f.; ndiio, nd- tionis, f. true, virus, -a, -um, adj. try, Conor, -dri, -dtus sum. U unfriendly, inimicus, -a, -um, adj. unharmed, incolumis, -e, adj. unwilling, be unwilling, nolo, nolle, nolui, — . urge, hortor, -dri, -dtus sum, use, ator, Uti, Usus sum. use, Usus, ilsits, m. useless, iniililis, -e, adj. V Volusenus, Volusenus, -i, m. W wait, await, exspecto, -dre, -dvi, -dtus. wall, miirus, -i, m. war, bellum, -i, ii. warlike, bellicosus, -a, -iim, adj. warn, moneo, monere, monui, monitus. way, iter, itineris, n. ; via, viae, f. , when, cum, conj. where, ubi, adv. why, for what reason, cHr ; quam ob rem ; quam ob causam. wide, Idtus, -a, -um, adj. wife, tixor, uxdris, f. wish, be willing, void, velle, volui, — . with, cum, prep, with abl. wdthout, sine, prep, vrith abl. wrong, iniHria, -ae, f. year, annus, -i, m. Harkness's New Latin Grammars A COMPLETE LATIN GRAMMAR Cloth-leather binding. i2mo, 464 pages . . . . $1.25 A SHORT LATIN GRAMMAR Cloth-leather binding. i2mo, 254 pages .... .80 By Albert Harkness, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor Emeritus in Brown University. These new text-books are the crowning triumph of a life-work which has made the name of their author familiar to classical scholars and teachers everywhere. They represent the latest advances in philological science, and embody the results of the author's large experience in teaching and of his own linguistic studies, together with the suggestions and advice of eminent German specialists in the field of Historical and Comparative Grammar. The peculiar qualities of simplicity, clearness, and adaptation of treatment to the practical needs of the student and of the class room, — qualities that have always characterized the Harkness Grammars, — have been preserved and even intensified in these new books. The Complete Latin Grammar is designed at once as a text-book for the class room and a book of reference for the student. It aims not only to present systematically for the benefit of the beginner the lead- ing facts and laws of- the Latin language, but also to provide accurately for the needs of the advanced student. The Short Latin Grammar is published for the benefit of those who prefer to begin with a more elementary manual, or those who do not contemplate a collegiate course. In the preparation of this work the convenience and interest of the student have been carefully consulted. The paradigms, rules, and discussions have in general been introduced in the exact form and language of the Complete Latin Grammar by which it may at any time be supplemented. The numbering ofthe Sections in the two books is also alike. Copies of the books, will be-sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price by the Publishers: American Book Company New York • Cincinnati « Chicago (=37) Easy Steps in Latin By MARY HAMER Taunton, Mass., High School Cloth, 12mo, 182 pages Price, 75 cents As indicated in the title, this little book provides a brief and easy course for beginners in Latin, designed to materially reduce the time and amount of daily work required in the first year's course and to make the prepa- ration for further work in the study thorough and definite, as well as satisfactory to both teacher and pupil. The entire book has been evolved from actual experience with beginners in a school which has only one course in Latin, to be followed alike by college and non-college pupils. The prime object of the book is to save time and to facili- tate the progress of the beginner in Latin by using the easiest, shortest, and most direct methods, by the inclusion of all that is essential and the exclusion of all that is non- essential, and by proceeding from that which is known and familiar in our language to that which is unknown in the language to be learned. The brevity and simplicity of the work, with its natural and common sense methods, will commend it to all teachers interested in the best and shortest methods of teaching Latin, and who desire to use in their beginners' classes a text-book which will afford thorough instruction and drill in all the elements of the language, with the least expenditure of time and labor. The whole course is comprised in one hundred and thirteen lessons, each presenting a distinct subject or topic. While all superfluous matter is eliminated from' the lessons, every essential of instruction is retained, so that the brevity of the book is in no sense secured by the sacrifice of any important point. Every grammatical fact and construction is presented in the fewest, clearest, and least technical words possible, and in general the treat- ment aims to reduce the statement of each principle to its simplest form. Copies of the above book will be sent to any address, prepaid, on receipt of the price by the Publishers : American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati • Chicago C=47) HARKNESS AND FORBES'S Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War With Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulafy. By ALBERT HARKNESS, Pli. D., LL.D., Professor Emeritus in Brown University. Assisted by CHARLES H. FORBES, A.B., Professor of Latin in Pliilllps Academy, Andover, Mass. Price, $1.25 THIS WORK is preeminently a student's edition of Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War, and has been prepared with special reference to the present needs of preparatory and secondary schools. While it is remark- able for its simplicity, yet it contains everything which is needed for studying the author. Attention is called particularly to the following special features of the book : 1. This edition is furnished with an Introduction containing an outline of the life of Caesar, a description in brief of the scenes of his military operations in Gaul, Germany, and Britain, and a short treatise on the military system of the Romans, together with a list of valuable works on subjects treated in the Introduction. 2. The text is chiefly that of the critical edition of H. Meusel, Berlin, 1894, now quite generally accepted as the standard. Each important chapter begins with a brief summary in English. 3. The notes are intended to guide the faithful eflforts of the student and to interest him in the stirring events recorded in the Commentaries. Special atten- tion has been given to the difficult subjects of the subjunctive mood and of the indirect discourse. 4. The vocabulary gives special attention to etymology, but the treat- ment is made as simple as possible with the 'sole aim of aiding the student in understanding and appreciating the significant elements of words. The important subject of idioms and phrases receives due attention. 5. The illustrations are entirely appropriate and unlike those in most other works of a similar nature. They have in no instance been introduced merely for purposes of decoration. Among the most striking features of the work are the nine colored plates illustrative of the military system of the Romans, which have been made only after consultation with the highest authorities, and are here repro- duced in their natural colors. Besides these, there are many other illustrations, eleven plans of battles, seven campaign maps, a.id a general map of Gaul. AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY UJ7) PUBLISHERS Cicero's Orations AND SELECTIONS FROM THE LETTERS EDITED BY WILLIAM R. HARPER, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. President of the University of Chicago AND FRANK A. GALLUP, A.M. Professor of Latin, Colgate Academy Half Leather, 12mo, 566 pages, with Maps and Illustrations. Price, $1.30 This edition of Cicero contains in addition to selected letters all the orations required by all the colleges throughout the country. It is intended to be distinctly practical and aims solely to meet the needs of secondary and preparatory schools. The Orations have been arranged in the order in vvrhich it is thought they can be read to the best advantage and include, besides the four against Catiline, those for Archais, Milo, Marcellus, and Ligarius, Pumpey's Commission, and the Fourteenth Philippic. The Letters have been selected with special reference to their fitness for reading at sight and for this purpose they have no equal in Roman literature. The Introduction includes a well balanced life of Cicero with a just estimate of his standing and character and many helpful features which will give the student a comprehensive knowledge of Roman life and politics. The Notes suggest rather than tell the student and help him to get, instead of getting for him, that acquaintance with the orator and with the language which is the result of true study. The Vocabulary shows great care and thoroughness and meets the requirements of the average student. The Maps are accurate and drawn especially for this work and the Illustrations are happily chosen to illustrate both text and time. Copies sent^ prepaid^ to any address on receipt of the price. American Book Company New York • Cincinnati . Chicago (=60) REVISED EDITION VIRGIL'S AENEID With an Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary by HENRY S. FRIEZE, late Professor of Latin in the University of Michigan. Revised by WALTER DENNISON, Professor of Latin in the University of Michigan. First Six Books .... $1.30 Complete $1.50 Complete Text Edition $0.50 This Work differs in many respects from the former edition. Such changes and alterations have been introduced as are necessary to make the book conform to modern demands, and many important addi- tions have also been made. The Introduction has been enlarged by the addition of sections on the life and writings of Virgil, the plan of the Aeneid, the meter, manuscripts, editions, and helpful books of reference. The Text has been corrected to conform to the readings that have become established, and the spellings are in accord with the evidence of inscriptions of the first century A.D. To meet the need of early assistance in reading the verse metrically, the long vowels in the first two books are fully indicated. The Notes have been thoroughly revised and largely added to. The old grammar references are corrected and new ones (to Harkness's Complete, Lane & Morgan's, and Bennett's Grammars) added. The literary appreciation of the poet is increased by parallel quotations from English literature. The irregularities of scansion in each book are also given with sufficient explanations. The Vocabulary has been made as sfmple as possible and includes only those words occurring in the Aeneid. The parts of compound words are not indicated separately when they appear unmodified in the compound form. The principal parts of verbs are given which are understood to be in actual use. The Illustrations for the most part are new and fresh, and have been selected with great care with a view to assisting directly in the interpretation of the text. There are also maps showing the wan- derings of Aeneas, the vicinity of Cumae, and pre-historic Rome, and a full-page facsimile of one of the best manuscripts of Virgil, the Codex Palatinus. American Book Company, Publishers (256) Lindsay's Cornelius Nepos WITH NOTES, EXERCISES, AND VOCABULARY EDITED BY THOMAS B. LINDSAY, Ph.D. Professor of Latin and Sanskrit, Boston University Cloth, 12mo, 363 pages. Illustrated .... Price, $1.10 This edition of the Lives of Cornelius Nepos is virtually a new work rather than a revision. The material of former editions has been recast ana enlarged. The text has been thoroughly revised, and the notes and vocabulary entirely rewritten. The grammatical references are placed at the foot of the text-page. The text has over fifty illus- trations and a fine double page map of the Roman Empire, Greece, and the Chersonesus. The dates of all important events are given in the text. The notes are accurate and explain all difficulties, not giving mere translations without hinting at their sources The English-Latin exercises have been rewritten and cover the full text of the twenty- five Lives. These exercises, while easy and forming connected sense, give thorough drill on special or difficult constructions. TEXT EDITION For use in recitations and examinations a separate volume is provided, containing the text alone. This edition will be furnished at 40 cents per copy. Teachers whose classes use the complete annotated edition will be supplied with the Text Edition at special introductory terms. Corre- spondence and orders should specify "Text Edition." Copies of Lindsay s Cornelius Nepos will be sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price by the Publishers : American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati « Chicago (263) A Term of Ovid Edited by CLARENCE W. GLEASON, A.M. (Harvard) Of Roxbury Latin School Cloth, 12nio. 209 pages. With Notes and Illustrations. Price, 75 cents TEN STORIES FROM THE METAMORPHOSES I. Atalanta's Last Race. II. Pyramus and Thisbe. III. Apollo's Un- requited Love for Daphne. IV. How Phaethon D-ove His Father's Chariot. V. The Death of Orpheus. VI. The Touch of Gold. VII. Philennon and Baucis. VIII. The Impiety and Punishment of Niobe. IX, The Flood. X. Perseus and Andromeda. This book is designed to meet the needs of students pursuing Latin Courses (i) in which but a single term is given to the study of Ovid ; (2) in which this author is not taken up until after Vergil or Cicero; (3) or in which Ovid has not hitherto been' included among the school texts read. It is believed that the book will be found a natural and easy link between the prose of the second or third year and the beginning of Vergil. The first three stories are accompanied by a parallel version in the order of ordinary Latin prose with the quantities marked. The divisions into feet and the caesuras are indicated in the first hundred lines by an unobtrusive but effective device, in order to facilitate the acquisition of the art of scansion, which is sometimes difficult. The text is accompanied by synonyms, both of words not usual in prose and of common words in extraordinary uses. The notes are full, and are designed to meet the actual needs of the student. The book contains a complete vocabulary with refer- ences to the text by lines. Copies sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price. American Book Company New York • Cincinnati • Chicago (264) Roman Life in Latin Prose and Verse ILLUSTRATIVE READINGS FROM LATIN LITERATURE SELECTED AND EDITED BY H. T. PECK, Ph.D. Professor of the Latin Language and Literature in Columbia University. AND ROBERT ARROWSMITH, Ph.D. Cloth, 12mo, 256 pages Price, $1.50 This work gives a representative survey of Latin Lit- erature, intended to be read in advanced academic or college work, as supplementary to a regular course in Latin Literature, or to be itself the fundamental work in such a course. The selections range from the popular songs which antedate written literature, to the Christian hymns of the third century, covering the early dramatists, historians, orators, philosophers, the writers of satire and epigram, the lyric and epic poets, the collectors of anec- dotes, letter writers, and authors of prose works, and including other material of a popular nature, such as lampoons, parodies, epitaphs, advertisements, announce- ments of ball games, theatrical and gladiatorial notices, etc. To each selection is prefixed a concise account of, the author, when known, and of his works, with a brief bibliography. For convenience in sight reading the text is provided with a translation of the more difficult words, and is followed by a fuller commentary on special points of interest. Copies of Roman Life in Latin Prose and Verse will be sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price by the Publishers : American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati ♦ Chicago (s68) Latin Dictionaries HARPER'S LATIN DICTIONARY Founded on the translation of " Freund's Latin-German Lexicon." Edited by E. A. Andrews, LL.D. Revised, Enlarged, and in great part Rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D., and Charles Short, LL.D. Royal Octavo, 2030 pages . Sheep, $6.50; Full Russia, $10.00 The translation of Dr. Freund's great Latin-German Lexicon, edited by the late Dr. E. A. Andrews, and published in 1850, has been from that time in extensive and satisfactory use throughout England and America. Meanwhile great advances have been made in the science on which lexicography depends. The present work embodies the latest advances in philological study and research, and is in every respect the most complete and satisfactory Latin Dictionary published. LEWIS'S LATIN DICTIONARY FOR SCHOOLS By Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. Large Octavo, 1200 pages . Cloth, $4 50 ; Half Leather, $5.00 This dictionary is not an abridgment, but an entirely new and inde- pendent work, designed to include all of the student's needs, after acquiring the elements of grammar, for the interpretation of the Latin authors commonly read in school. LEWIS'S ELEMENTARY LATIN DICTIONARY By Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. Crown Octavo, 952 pages. Half Leather .... $2.00 This work is sufficiently full to meet the needs of students in secondary or preparatory schools, and also in the first and second years' work in colleges. SMITH'S ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY A Complete and Critical English-Latin Dictionary. By William Smith, LL.D., and Theophilus D. Hall, M.A., Fellow of Uni- versity College, London. With a Dictionary of Proper Names. Royal Octavo, 765 pages. Sheep $4.00 Copies sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price. American Book Company Nevsr York • Cincinnati ♦ Chicago (=78) Introduction to the Study of Latin Inscriptions By JAMES C. EGBERT, Jr., Ph.D. Adjunct Professor of Latin, Columbia University Half Morocco, large 12mo, 468 pages. With numerous illustrations and exact reproductions of inscriptions .... Price, $3.50 This work is designed as a text-book for the use of students in Universities and Colleges, and also to furnish an account of this branch of archaeological study for general readers. It has been prepared in the belief that a knowledge of epigraphy forms an essential part of the equipment of a teacher of the classics, and that the sub- ject itself has become so important as to justify its intro- duction, in elementary form at least, into the curriculum of undergraduate studies. A distinctive feature of the book is the number and character of its illustrations, — there being over seven hundred cuts and diagrams of inscriptions, for the pur- pose of illustrating the text, and for practice in reading. Of these, over one hundred are photographic repro- ductions, showing the forms of the letters and the arrangement of the inscriptions. The work is also sup- plied with an exhaustive bibliography and valuable tables of abbreviations, archaisms, etc. Copies of Egbert's Latin Inscriptions will be sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price by the Publishers : American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati (266) Chicago Greek Dictionaries LIDDELL AND SCOTT'S GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON Revised and Enlarged. Compiled by Henry George Liddell, D.D., and Robert Scott, D.D., assisted by Henry Drisler, LL.D. Large Quarto, 1794 pages. Sheep . . . $10.00 The present edition of this great work has been thoroughly revised, and large additions made to it. The editors have been favored with the co-operation of many scholars and several important articles have been entirely rewritten. LIDDELL AND SCOTT'S GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON— IntermcdUte Revised Edition. Large Octavo, 910 pages. Cloth, $3.50 ; Half Leather. $4.00 This Abridgment is an entirely new work, designed to meet the ordinary requirements of instructors. It differs from the smaller abridged edition in that it is made from the last edition of the large Lexicon, and contains a large amount of new matter. LIDDELL AND SCOTT'S GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON— Abridged Revised Edition. Crown Octavo, 832 pages. Half Leather $1.25 This Abridgment is intended chiefly for use by students in Secondary and College Preparatory Schools. THAYER'S GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Being Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti. Translated, Revised, and Enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer, D.D., LL.D. Royal Quarto, 727 pages . Cloth, $5.00 ; Half Leather, $6.50 This great work embodies and represents the results of the latest researches in modern philology and biblical exegesis. It traces histori- cally the signification and use of all words used in the New Testament, and carefully explains the difference between classical and sacred usage. YONGE'S ENGLISH-GREEK LEXICON By C. D. YoNGE. Edited by Henry Drisler, LL.D. Royal Octavo, 903 pages. Sheep $4.50 AUTEblRIETH'a HOMERIC DICTIONARY Translated and Edited by Robert P. Keep, Ph.D. New Edition. Revised by Isaac Flagg, Ph.D. i2mo, 312 pages. Illustrated. Cloth . . . . $1.10 Copies sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price. American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati ♦ Chicago (310) Latin Literature of the Empire Selected and Edited with Revised Textsand Brief Introductions By ALFRED GUDEMAN, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Classical Philology, University of Pennsylvania In Two Volumes. Cloth, 12mo. Per Volume, $1.80 Vol. I — Prose. Selections from Velleius, Curtius, Seneca Rhetor, Justinus (Trogus Pompeius), Seneca, Petronius, including Cena Trimalchionis, Pliny the Elder, Quintilian, Tacitus, Pliny the Younger, Suetonius, Minucius Felix Octavius, Apuleius — Ammianus Marcellinus, and Boethius. Vol. II — Poetry. Pseudo Vergiliana, Aetna, Manilius, Calpurnius, Nemesianus, Phaedrus, Lucan, Valerius Flaccus, Seneca, the Octavia (anonymous), Persius, Statius, Silius Italicus, Martial, Juvenal, Pervigilium Veneris, Ausonius, and Claudianus. The works of Latin Literature of the post-Augustan period have hitherto, with a few notable exceptions, been virtually excluded from the classical curricula of colleges and universities. The present collection has been made primarily for the use of students in higher classes in colleges. The selec- tions will be found useful as collateral reading in con- nection with lectures on classical literature, and will also furnish suitable material for sight reading. The selections themselves contain nothing that is not ' eminently worthy of perusal. They are in every case sufficiently extensive to give a continuous and coherent story, which at the same time exhibits the author at his best. The text follows the best modern editions, the deviations from the standard texts being briefly recorded in critical appendices. Copies sen/, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price. American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati « Chicago (=6s) A Grammar of Attic and Ionic Greek By FRANK COLE BABBITT, Ph.D. (Harvard) Professor of the Greek Language and Literature, Trinity College, Hartford ; formerly Fellow of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. PRICE, $1.50 THIS grammar states the essential facts and principles of the Greek language in concise form, with only so mach discussion as may reasonably be demanded for a clear understanding of the subject. It therefore meets the wants of secondary schools and at the same time is sufficient for all ordinary demands of the college course. A Modem Grammar. — The book incorporates the results of the more recent philological studies, and includes many departures from conventional presentation. Due regard is paid to the fact that analogy plays an important part in language, and that the context is often more important than grammatical rules in determining the exact significance of mode or tense. Treatment of Cases. — The treatment of cases is thoroughly log- ical and clear. The true genitive and the ablative genitive are dis- tinguished from each other and considered separately ; likewise the true dative, the locative dative, and the experimental dative. In this way much confusion is avoided. Rules of Agreement. — The general rules of agreement are first given in a preliminary paragraph and are then followed by a general statement regarding attraction and constructio ad sensum, and its appli- cation to substantives, adjectives, verbs, etc. Treatment of Modes. — The general significance of each mode is summarized briefly at the beginning, with its uses grouped and treated under the head of statements, questions, wishes, commands, etc. The various forms of statement are taken up and contrasted, thus allowing the student to perceive at a glance their similarities and differences. Classes of Verbs. — While every portion of grammar has been simplified as much as possible, the notice of teachers is directed especially to the fact that the verbs have been reduced to five classes. In spite of this, however, nothing has been sacrificed in the process. Indirect Discourse. — The subject of indirect discourse is put at the end of syntax, and the principles have been fully stated in their proper places. The general principles are clearly enunciated, followed by the details with numerous examples. Syntactical Usage. — Tables of syntactical usage for reference are included to make it possible for the pupil to perceive the normal usage at a glance. AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY. Publishers. (»84) classical Dictionaries HARPER'S DICTIONARY OF CLASSICAL LITERATURE AND ANTIQUITIES ' Edited by H. T. Peck, Ph.D., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature in Columbia University. Royal Octavo, 1716 pages. Illustrated. One Vol. Cloth . . $6.00 Two Vols. Cloth . . $7.00, One Vol. Half Leather . 8.00 Two Vols Half Leather . 10.00 An encyclopaedia, giving the student, in a concise and intelligible form, the essential facts of classical antiquity. It also indicates the sources whence a fuller and more critical knowledge of these subjects can best be obtained. The articles, which are arranged alphabetically, include subjects in biography, mythology, geography, history, literature, antiquities, language, and bibliography. The illustrations are, for the most part, reproductions of ancient objects. The editor in preparing the book has received the co-operation and active assistance of the most eminent American and foreign scholars. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES Edited by William Smith, Ph.D. Revised by Charles Anthon, LL.D. Octavo, 1133 pages. Illustrated. Sheep $4.25 Carefully revised, giving the results of the latest researches in the history, philology, and antiquities of the ancients. In the work of revision, the American editor has had the assistance of the most dis- tinguished scholars and scientists. STUDENTS' CLASSICAL DICTIONARY A Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography. Abridged! By William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D. l2mo, 438 pages. Cloth $1 .25 Designed for those schools and students who are excluded from the use of the larger Classical Dictionary, both by its size and its price. All names have been inserted which one would be likely to meet with at the beginning of classical study. Copies sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of the price. American Book Company New York ♦ Cincinnati • Chicago (3")