pt DATE DUE QAYLORD PRINTED IN U.aA. Cornell University Library PE 1591.S64 1893 Synonyms and antonyms; 3 1924 024 891 016 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 924024891 01 6 BOHFS REFERENCE LIBRARY. SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS. SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS; KINDRED WORDS AND THEIR OPPOSITEa COLLECTED AND CONTRASTED THE VENERABLE C. J. SMITH, M.A., LA.TB ARCHDEACON OF JAMAICA, VICAR OP BRITH, KENT, SECOND EDITION, REVISED. LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK ST., COVENT GARDEN, AND NEW YORK. 1893. ^v/vr^ LONDON: EBPBINTED FROM THE STEREOTTPE PLATES BY WM. CLOWES & SONS, LTD.) STAMFOBD STREBT AKD CHARING CROSS. SEP 7937 PREFACE. Tek nature and use of this work are meant to be rather practical than scientific. The Author has accordingly not propounded any theory oi verbal analogy on the one hand, or verbal opposition on the other, as the basis of his Synonyms and Antonyms ; though he believes that the time has arrived when both ought to be sup- plied, and the co-ordination and opposition of words reduced to strict exactness and scientific rule, beyond what has hitherto been indirectly recognized by Logic. Words which agree in expressing one or more characteristic ideas in common he has regarded as Synonyms, those which negative one or more such ideas he has called Antonyms. Principles or Degrees of Similarity, and Principles or Degrees of Opposition, have not been laid down, though they have been recognized in his own mind. He has rather endeavoured to place himself in the position, alternately, of two opposed thiniers, or debaters, so furnishing each with a short catena of Synonyms to express or aid the current of his thoughts, tendering at the same time to each such negatives as might be employed in the opposite argument. The etymology of the words has been pre- fixed, as aiding ordinary readers in the apprehension and use of them, and prominent points of usge have been also noticed. One word of apology he feels to be due for the employment of a word which he has ventured, not to coin but to re-issue. The word Antonym, unlike some others which have been admitted into English on the plea of a practical want, is at least correctly formed from the Greek, and is, indeed, a Greek word. If it should be said that, as a word of grammar, it would have the meaning of pronoun, the answer might be that it is net here m" Preface. used as a grammatical term. The names of the grammatical parts of speech have been already made current in English under Latin stamps ; and it would be a waste of the resources of our language to employ a word of Greek formation to express oTer again what is already expressed by the Latin deriTative " pronoim." Yet the word Antonym seems to be wanted. The Etymology of the word airravijua merely expresses the idea of one word used in substitution for, which in matters of verbal debate, is equivalent practically to opposition to another ; a double force which in addition to its analogy to Synonym, seemed to render Antonym a preferable word to Counterterm. The word Counterterm, however, is here suggested to those who may prefer it. It is of course true that ovofui, in its strictly grammatical sense means not a word, but a noun ; but for this modification those are responsible who have employed the earlier word Synonym in this loose acceptation, and have agreed to call not only volume and book, but also swift and rapid. Synonyms. The cross-references sometimes connect different parts oi speech. This has been done in order to abridge the work, on the assumption that inflexional derivatives needed not in all cases to be repeated. For instance, a reference to the verbs " build " and " construct " would be suflScient, without any mental effort, to suggest the nouns " building " and " construction." In the Etymology the derivation of the word is often pur- posely indicated rather than traced. So the English Answer, for instance, is simply collated with the German Antwort, and the Latin roots are given as common to the English form, and the French form, from which the English is immediately derived. In conclusion, phrases have been avoided, as they are easily framed : but a harder task has been proposed — that of noting suitable and expressive words ; while the form of a Dictionary has been adopted, from finding that the abstract classifications of words, under certain broad ideas, according to the plan of Dr. Eoget, seems invalidated by the necessity, in his well-known Thesaurus, of numberless cross-divisions, and is practically dis- regarded in favour rf the Alphabetical Index. SYNONYMS AND ANTOMMS. A. Abaoe. Sax. a, for on or in, and bcEc, hack. Toward the back. An adverb, but used as a pre- position when followed by of. SyiT. Backwards. Kearwards. Aft. Abaft. Astern. Behind. Amt. Onwards. Forwards. Ahead. A- front Before. Beyond. Afore. Abaft. See Aback. Der. Ab, for Sax. a before a vowel, and ceft, opfter, after, i. e., later in time or order. Abaubnate, v. t. See Alienate. Abandon, v. t. Lat. a, from, and hannum, or bandum, a pro- clamation, especially of outlawry, Comp. Ban, Banns, and Banish. Its primary meaning is to place beyond the bounds of civil pro- tection and privileges, thence of favour or protection generally; thence again, it has descended to the simple sense of leaving, the act surviving, and the mo- tive being lost sight of ' Stn. Leave. Forsake. Desert. Re- nounce. Relinquish. Resign. Quit. Forego. Vacate. Surrender. Abjure. Repudiate. AuT. Pursue. Prosecute. Undertake. Seek. Court. Cherish. Favour. Protect. Claim. Maintain. Defend. Advocate. Support. Uphold. Occupy. Haunt. Re- tailL Hold. Assert. Vindicate. Keep. Abandoned, adj. See Aban- don, is used in the peculiar sense of self-abandoned to wrong or evil. SyN. Profligate. Wicked. Vicious. Un- principled. Sinful. Graceless. Demoralized. Dlmolute. Depraved. Licentious. Bad. Amt. Virtuous. Conscientious. Ui^ right. Worthy. Righteous. Correct. High- principled. Self-controlled. Steady, Good. I, V. t. A, to, and Gr. ^dcris, that on which anything. fialvei goes. To bring to the pedestal or floor. To bring down, as worthy of disgrace. Sys. Degrade. Disgrace. Humiliate. Depress. Lower. Dishonour. Sink. Aht. Promote. Exalt. Honour. Ele- vate. Dignify. Aggrandise. Raise. Abasement, n. See Abase. Stw. Degradation. Depression. Disgrace. Humiliation. Dishonour. Shame. Ant. Promotion. Elevation. Exalta- tion. Honour. Dignity. Aggrandisement. Abash, v. t. Etyinologically the same word as Abase, imply- ing the effect of abasement on the feeliogs, countenance, or de- meanour, and therefore of a less serious cast. Persons may be abashed with or without gmlt; as by the exposure of an offencp in the one case, or excessive mo- desty in the other. .Stn. Confound. Confuse. Daunt. Cow Disconcert. Dishearten. Shame. Humiliate Amt. Countenance. Cheer. Encourage Rally. Uphold. Inspirit. Animate. ££i bolden. Abet. Buoy. Incite. Abashed, part. See Abash. Abate, v. t. Fr. Ahattre, to beat down,—ia Old English, with violence; in Modem English, without violence. It is used more commonly as an intransi- tive verb, and as transitive only in a few expressions of a legal character, as to abate a nuisance. in^ Synonyms and Antonyms or a "writ. It is common, how- ever, to say, to abate a demand, or an expectation. Stn. Terminate. Remove. Supprpss. Lower. Reduce. Miiigate, Moderate. Lessen. Subside. Decrease, Diminish. Akt. Prolong. Continue. Revive. De- velope. Increase. Aggravate. Brew, Ferment. Rage. Magnify. Extend. En- large. Amplify. Raise. Enhance. Abbreviate, v. t Lat. Ad^ and brevis, short. See Abridge. Stw. Shorten. Abridge, Reduce. Con- tract. Curtail. Epitomize. Condense. Com- press. AwF. Lengthen. Prolong. Extend. Pro- duce. Elongate. Amplify. Enlarge. Di- late. Expand. Abbreviation. See Abbre- viate. SrN. Abridgroent. Reduction. Con- traction. Curtailment. Epitome, Sum- mary. Abstract. CondeiKation. Compres- sion. Ant. Elongation. Prolongation. Ex- tension. Produciion, Amplification. En- largement. Expansion. Dilatation. Ex- patiation. Explication. Dilution. Abderitb, noim and adj. From Abd^ra, a city of Thrace, the birthplace of the laughing philo- sopher, Democritus. The word expresses a levity of regard to- ward human life and troubles. Stn. to adj. Cynic. Sardonic. Derisive. Sarcastic. Jocular. Flippant. Sportive. Sprightful. Nonchalant. Buoyant AiiT. Lachrymose. Querimonious. Plain- tive. Maundering. Dolesome. Lacka- daisical. Grumbling. Croaking. Lugubrious. Abdicate, v. t. Lat. abdicare. To declare a thing resigned by one's self, implying voluntary surrender or resignation of high office before the natural term of its expiration. SrK. Abandon. Relinquish. Resign. Surrender. Vacate. Ant. Retain. Maintain. Claim. Occupy. Assert Grasp. Seize. Usurp. ABDtrCTiON, n. Lat. a&, from, and ducerej to draw, or take. A taking or drawing away, and specifically an unlawful taking. Stn. Abstraction S'lbtractfcn. t" r?V vation. Ablation, Seizure. Rajre. Ap- propriation. Akt. Addition. Adduction. Restitn- tion. Restoration. Surrender. Replace- ment. Keinstatement. Aberrant, adj. Lat. aherrare. "Wandering from some line of natural, mechanical, or proposed law or movement. Metaphori- cally, from continuity of thought ; hence, where this is constitu- tional, insane. Stn. Erratic. Devious. Divergent. In- continuoua. Desultory. Disconnected. Wandering. Idiotic. Inconsistent. Incon- secutive. AbnormaL Exceptional. Ant. Continuous. Rectilineal. Con- sistent. Uniform. Consecutive. Normal. Natural. Faithful. True. Regular. Aberration, n. See Aberrant. Stn. Wandering. Deviation. Divergence. Desultoriness. Disconnected ness. Incon- secutlveness. Rambling. Idiocy. Hallu- cination. Abnormity. Exception. Abt. Uniformity. Coniinuity. Conse- cuti veness. Connectedness. Law . Order. Type. Norm. Principle. Project Line. Tenor. Progression. Regularity. Recti- linearlty. Abet, v. t. Der. uncert. Either connected with better, to make better or stronger by aid and countenance, or with bait to liu-e on into wrong. The former is the more probable, because of old the word was employed in a favourable sense. It is now used of persons and practices. Stn. Aid. Support. Countenance. Up- hold. Assist InstiRate. Encourage. Ad vocate. Sanction. Subsidize. Embolden. Ant. Thwart. Contradict. Oppose. Obstruct. Riffle. Confound. Discourage. Disapprove. Disconcert. Counteract. Deter. Dissuade. Frustrate. Impede, Denounce. Expose. N.B.— Bet was a cry to dogg. Abettor, n. Sef Abet. Stn. Supporter. Instigator. Advocate. Promoter. Assistant. Accomplice. Ally. Adviser. Confederate. Ant. Opponent. Counteracter. Fo«. Adversary. Detector. Baffler. Disconcerter. Dissuader. Rival. Antagonist. Abeyance, n. Fr. hayerj to gape. Compare to bay as a dog, or e Synonyms and Antonyms. wild beast at bay. Abeyance is a state of gaping expectation; but the term has been trans- ferred reflexiyely from the per- son waiting to the thing waited for. Abeyance, according to usage, is suspension, with the expectation or possibility of re- vival. Syn. Suspension. KeseTvation. Dor- mancy. Intermission. Expectation. Ant. Revival. Renewal. Resuscitation. Action. Enjoyment, Possession. Opera- tion. Exercise, Force. Abhob, V. tr. Lat. ah, from, and hcrrrere, to stand stiff with dread or horror. Abhorrence is that kind of hatred which flows from intense imcongeniality with one's own nature, taste, principles, or preferences. Stn. Hate. Loatbe. Abominate. De- test. Nauseate. Eschew. Ant. Love. Admire. Enjoy. Affect. Desire. Approve. Relish. Covet. Crave. Abide, v. int. Saxon, iidan, implies the continuous or more than momentary stayiog in a place, as a temporary or per- manent home. It is also used transitively in reference to what is endured or expected. Sra. Dwell. Stay. Rest. Tarry. Lodge, Reside Live. Walt. Sojourn. E.'ipeot. Endure. Tolerate. Anticipate. Contront, Await. Bear. Face. Watch. Ant. Depart. Migrate. Move. Journey. " Proceed. Resist. Mislilce. Avoid. Shun. Forfend. R^ect. Abandon. Forfeit Ability, n. Lat. hdbeo, kahilis. A natural possessiveness of power, faculties, or resources in one's own nature. Used also in the simple sense of power, or the being in a position to do a thing. Stn. Power. Cleverness. Skill. Capa- (ity. Talent. Expertuess. Ant. Weakness. Incapacity. Inability. Imbecility. Unreadiness. Maladroitness. Abject, adj. Lat. abjiore, abjectiis. To cast off or away. Social!* oast off, degraded, or worthy of being so oast off ; vile, or with no sense of independ- ence, servile, mean in state. Stn. Degraded. Outcast. Miserable. Vile. Pitiable. Worthless. Despicable. Contemptible. Beggarly. Servile. Cring- ing. Wretched. Sordid. Squalid. Low. Ant. Honourable. Dignified. Exalted. Eminent. Esteemed. Honoured. Worthy. Venerable. Noble. Princely. Illustrious. Independent. Self-assertive. Self-reliant Vain. Arrogant. Insolent. Haughty. Abjure, v. tr. Lat. ahjurare. To put away, or deny with an oath, or with all the earnestness or solemnity of an oath. Stn. Renounce. Discard. Disclaim. Disown. Disavow. Repudiate. ■ Ant. Profess. Assert. Demand. Claim. Vindicate. Cherish. Advocate. Acknow- ledge. Appropriate. Retain. Hug. Ablation. Lat. auferre, abla- tus, to take away. See Abduc- tion. Able, adj. See AbiUty. Used of persons possessing, or things indicating, ability, as an able man, an able speech. Stn. Strong. Powerful. Skilful. Clever. Talented. Capable. Effective. Telling. Masterly. Nervous. Vigorous, Ant. Weak. Inefficient. UnskilfuL Silly. Stupid. Incapable. Ineffective. Ablution, n. Lat. ahluere, to wash off. Sth.' Washing. Purification. Cleansing. Abstersion. Defecation. Ant. Pollution. Soilure. Defilement. Dirt. Contamination. Taint. Stain. Abnegation, n. Lat. abnegare, to deny strongly. It is applied rather to rights and objects of desire than to statements, as the abnegation of self or evil desires. Stn. Denial. Renunciation. Abjuration. Abstinence. Stint. Disaliowance. Ant. Assertion. Vindication. Claim- Indulgence. Concession. Licence. Abnoem AL, adj. A b and nnrma,. a type, law, or rule. Syn. Irregular. Unusual. Exceptional. Monstrous. Aben-ant. Devioffii. Di- vergent. Eccentric. Erratic. Ant. Typical. Normal. Regular. Usual. Ordinary. Natural. Customary. Illustrative. £ 2 Synonyms and Antonyms. ABwiED, adv. Nautical — on board ship. Syn. Afloat. AUT, Ashore. Abode, n. See Abide. Stn. Home. Stay. Residence. Domicile. Habitation. Berth. With the idea of per- maoence. Ant. With the idea of transience. Halt. Perch. Tent. Bivouac. Caravansary. Abolish, v. t. Der. Fr. abolir, or Lat. abolescere, to grow out, or die out; the verb in English having taken the transitive sense of destroy. SvN. Destroy. Eradicate. Obliterate. Extirpate, Abrogate. Annul. Repeal. Revoke. Cancel. Annihilate. Expunge. Ant. Support. Sustain. Cherish. Pro- mote. Continue. Confirm. Restore. Re- pair. Revive. Reinstate. Enact. Re-enact. Institute. Abominable, adj. Ah and omeii. To be rejected as a foul thing of evil omen. SvN. Foul. Detestable. Hateful. Hor- rible, Loathsome. Execrable. Kauseous, Impure, Ant. Delectable, Desirable, Admirable. Enjoyable. Loveable. Charming. De- lightful. Grateful. Pure. Abominate, v. tr. See Abo- minable and Abhor. Abomination, n. See Abomin- able. Is used both for the feel- ing, and the object of abomina- tion. Syn. Hatred. Loathing, Detestation, Abhorrence, Nuisance, Evil, Annoy- ance. Curse. Infliction. Plague. Ant. Love. Affection. Desire, Long- Enloyment, Acquisition. Benefit. Grallncatlon. Treat. Blessing. Delight. Aboriginal, ah origine, from the first, or origin. Syn, Primajval, Primordial, Indigen- ous, Autochthonic. Native, Immemorial. Ant. Subsequent. Adventitious. Im- ported. Exotic, Immigrant, Recent, Mo- dem. Late. Upstart. Novel. Fresh. Abortion, n. Lat. aboriri, abortus. That which from the beginning misses the purpose or law of its nature or birth. Sv2T. Miscarriage. Failure. Misadveu- ture. Downfall. Mishap. Defeat. Vra^ tration. Misprodnctlon. Blunder. Mess. Ant. Success, Consummation. Comple- tion. Achievement. Realization, Perfec- tion. Exploit. Feat. Development. Abodot), V. int. Lat. abundare, unda, a wave. Stn. Stream. Flow. Swell. Increase. Overflow. Superahouud. Teem. Swarm. Luxuriate. Flourish. Wanton. EeveL Mnltiply. Ant. Fail. Waste. Dry. Lack. Eva- porate. Wane, Drain. Die. Decay. VaniBh. Lessen. Decrease. About, prep, and adv., the latter more correctly Abouts. On or near the outside or limits of a thing; and so approximating rather than exact. a,s. abutan. Syn. Near. Nearly. Touching, Con- cerning, Surrounding. Approximately. Roughly. Generally. Ant. Afar. Away. Away or afar from. Precisely. Exactly. Above, prep, and adv. On the over or upper side. Metaphori- cally, in excess of, or superior to. Syn. Over. Beyond. Exceeding, Ant, Below, Within. Beneath. Abreast, adv. At the breast. Used with the prep, of, nautical. Syn. Beside. Alongside. Ant. Ahead. Astern. Abridge, v. tr. See Abbre- viate. It is the same word as Abbreviate ; but, instead of com- ing directly from the Latin, has come to us through the French abreger. Abridgement, n. See Abridge. In addition to the sense of abbre- viation generally, it has the tech- nical meaning of a literary ab- breviation in particular. Syn. Abstract. Synopsis. Epitoma. Compendium, Analysis. Ant. The opposite process, or its result AmpliQcation, Expatiation. Disquisition. Expansion. Dilution. Comment. Annota- tion. Exposition. Paraphrase. Abroach, adv. A for at, or, relatively, to, and brooms, a pey Synonyms and Antonyms. or spigot. Used metaphorically of that which has escaped where it ought to have been conflned. Stn. Aflow. Afloat. Abroad. Revealed. Ant. Close. Fast. Tight Secret. Efi- served. Abboad, adv. On the broad. Used sometimes metaphorically of state of mind. Syn. Far. Away. Apart. Aloof. Adrift. A1x)ut. Dispersed. Distracted. Confused. AsT. Near. Close. Hoiised. Fast. Coi- Abeogatb, V. tr. As rogare was to ask the sanction of the citizens of ancient Eome to the passing of a law, so the contrary process was expressed by a.b- rogare. 'SrN. Cancel. Abolish. Annul. Repeal. Expunge. Akt. Enact. Re-enact. Confirm. En- force. Continue. Revive. Abeogation, n. See Abrogate. SrN. Abolition. Repeal. Discontinuance. DIfi-establishment. Ajjt. Institution. Establishment. En- actment. Conflrmatlon. Continuance. Sanc- tion. Abbttpt, adj. Lat. abrumpere, ahruptus. To break off, either physically, as an abrupt preci- pice, or metaphorically, as an abrupt departure. Syn, Sudden. Steep. Precipitous. Curt. Blunt. Unceremonious. Rugged. Rough. Ant. Undulating. Easy. Smooth. Glid- ing. Blending. Courteous. Polished- Abscond, V. int. Lat. ahs and condere, to hide. The term is borrowed from the habits of some animals, and is commonly used to imply shame or fear of detection. Syn. Decamp. Disappear. Bolt. Hide. Withdraw. Retreat. Ant. Show. Emerge. Appear. Absence, n. Lat. absentia. Physically, the being at a dis- tance from a particular spot, or, mentally, inattention to a pro- posed subject or transaction. Also, in the most abstract sense, the non-presence of something, as the absence of a quality in a disposition. Syn. Want. Departure. Non-existence. Failure. Separation. Lack. Non-appear- ance. Inattention. Distraction, Ant. Presence. Supply. Existence. Appearance. Manifestation. Evidence. Im- manence. Inherency. Attention. Con- sideration. Absolute, adj. Lat. ahsolutus, part. pass, of absolvere, to loosen. The root idea of the word is that of freedom from some bond or control ; and the meaning of the word varies according to the na- ture of the bond implied, as free- dom from defect, physical con- ditions, stipulations, ideal asso- ciations, political restraint, un- certainty, or doubt. Syn. Perfect. Complete. Unconditional. Unconditioned. Irrelative. Irrespective, Supreme. Despotic Autocratic. Irrespon- sive. Certain, Ant. Imperfect. Incomplete. Condi- tional. Conditioned. Contingent Relative, Dependent. Constitutional. Accountable. Responsible. Dubious. Absolve, v. tr. Lat. absolvere. To loose or acquit from the im- putation or penalty of wrong, or from obUgation impKed or in- curred. Syn. Acquit Release. Liberate, Ex* empt Discharge. Pardon. Forgive, Free. ANT, Charge, Accuse, Bind, Compel OWige, Convict. Condemn- Inculpate. Impeach, Absonant, adj. Ab,from, and sonare, to sound. When the in- tention is physically discordant, the form adopted should be ab- sonous, absonant being reserved for that which is morally con- trariant. SvN, Dissonant Discordant Contrari- ant Repugnant, Inconsonant, Inhar- monious. Incompatible, Inappropriate, Impertinent Ant, Consonant Agreeable, Consistent Harmonious, Compatible, Congruoua Suitiible. Appropriate. Pertinent Proper 6 Absobb, v. tr. Lat. absoriere, to suck up. Used physically and raetaphorically, as, to absorb the time or attention. Sra. ft. allow. Drown. Imbibe. Engross. EnRulf. Consume. Monopolize Exhaust. Ant. Eject. Emit. Exude. Disgorge. Dissipate. Distract. DisliL Disperse. Abstain, v. int. Abs and tenere. To hold off from. Stn. Refrain. Forbear. Refuse. Demur. Scruple. Withhold. Ant. Indulge. Exceed. ReveL Wanton. Abstemious, adj. Ahs and temetum, strong mixed drink. Temperate in diet generally. Stn. Abstinent. Temperate. Sparing. Frugal. AST. Sensual. Self-indulgent. Glutton- ous. Greedy. Intemperate. Abstbkqb, V. tr. Lat. abs and tergere, to wipe. SiK. Wipe. Cleanse. Purify. Spunge. Scour. Scrub. Purify. Ant. Foul. Bespatter. Contaminate. Bedaub. Soil. Pollute. Begrime. Abstersive, adj. Having the property of absterging. Stn. Scouring. Detergent. Purifying. Ant. Contaminative. Corruptive, fensive. Abstinent, adj. See Abstain. ST^'. Continent. Temperate. Abstemi- ous. Sober. Self-denying. Austere. Ant. Self-indulgent. Sensual. Intem- perate. Epicurean, Dissipated. Debauched, Incontinent. Abstract, v. tr. Abstrahere, to draw or take off. Often with the idea of furtiveness, Syn. Separate. Remove. Part. Ap- propriate. Purloin. Thieve. Steal. Ant. Add. Unite. Conjoin. Adduce. Impose. Restore. Surrender. Return, Abstraction, n. See Abstract. Has, in addition to the above senses of Abstract, the logical sense of separating those points on which uidividuals differ, and contemplating those on which they agree, for the purpose of forming i common noun or class ; Syndnyma and Antonyms. also that of mental abstraction from surrounding objects. Syn. Separation. Removal. Appropria- tion. Purloining. Generalization. Qassi- flcation. P^verie. Absorption. Absence. Inattention. ... . ^. ANT. Addition. Union. Conjunction. Adduction. Importation. Restoration. Ke- Btitution. Individualization, tnumerauon. Analysis. Speolficatlon. Observation. At- tention. Abstracted. See Abstract and Abstraction. Abstruse, ai^y. Abstrudere. To thrust away, as it were, into the dark, away from common light and understanding. Stn. Hidden. Recondite. Curious. Ob- scure. Mystical. Occult. Hard. Dark. Anti. Patent. Popular. SuperficiaL Simple. Obvious. Trite. Intelligible. Plain. Easy. Manifest Lucid. Clear. Absurd, adj. Ab and surdus, deaf or dissonant. Taken meta- phorically, it expresses that which is out of tune with truth, or discordant from the proprie- ties of things. It is applied to persons and character. Stn. Irrational. Ridiculous. Monstrous. Preposterous. Silly. Nonsensical. Foolish. Ant. Sensible. Rational. Reasonable. Consistent. Sound. Substantial. Wise. Sa- gacious. Reflective. Philosophical LogicaL Abundance, n. Abundantia. JJnda, a wave. A copious sup- ply. Stn. Plenty. Copiousness. Largeness. Ampleness. Profusion. Luxuriance. Wealth, Ant. Rarity. Scarcity. Paucity. Scan- tiness. Dearth. DeOciency. Failure. Poverty. Abundast, adj. See Abund- ance. Stn. Plentiful. Plenteous. Copious. Large. Ample. Overflowing. Teeming. Profuse. Lil^ral. Bountiful Rich. Ant, Rare. Scarce. Scant. Short. De- flclent. Insufficient. Niggardly. Sparing, Dry. Drained. Exhausted. Impoverished. Abuse, v. tr. To use a person or thing in any manner away from the rule or line of right. It has the restricted sense of verbal Cathartic. Of- Synanyms and Antonyms. Bts. h^me. -Jumage. Spoil. Maltreat. MlBuse. Misemploy. Vilify. Vituperate. Ant. Tend. Protect. Conserve. Ee- n»cl. Eegaid. Consider. Shield. Cherish. Laud. Praise. Panegyrize. Vindicate. ExtoL Abtjt, V. int. French hout, end or confine. To project in a solid mass upon another object, or a certain point without actuaJ con- tact. Stn. Extend. Project Impinge. Ap- proximate. Ant. Recurve. Ketreat. Eeturn. Re- cede. Diverge. Abyss, M. Gr. d,no<,and/3uo-(rof, depth. A bottomless pit. Sts. Gulf. Profound. Deep. Ht. Chasm. Depth. Akt. Surface. Depression. Cavity. In- dentation. Academical, adj. The grove of Academus, the resort of Plato, whence Academy, as apphed to seats of learning. Stn. Collegiate. Learned. Classical. Ant. Illiterate. Uncollegiate, Accede, v. int. Accedere, to come to. The word is by usage restricted to the coming over to a view or a proposal. It is fol- lowed by the prep. to. Snr. Assent. Comply. Acquiesce, Ac- cept. Ant. Dissent. Decline. Withdraw. Re- fuse. Protest. Demur. Accession, has the ordinary sense of arrival or addition, with the peculiar sense of arrival at power or office. Stn. Arrival Addition. Increase. In- flux. Augmentation. Ant. Departure. Abandonment. Be- signation. Ketirement. Diminution. D& crease. Efflux. Ebb. Draiu. Subsidence. Accelerate, v. tr. Ad and celer, quick. To quicken the speed or process of events, ob- jects, or transactions. Stn. Quicken. Hasten. Urge. Speed, Expedite. Promote. Despatch. Facilitate. Ant. Delay. Obstruct. Impede. Be- tlfd. Clog. Hinder, Drag. Shackle. Accent, n. Accentus, from ad and can ere, to sing. A peculiar emphasis or beat upon a syllable. Also a peculiar mode of pronun- ciation, as a provincial accent. Accents ia the plural is a some- what poetical expression for speech or language. Stn. Stress. Beat. Bhythm. Emphasis, Pulsation. Ant. Smoothuess. Inaccentnation. Mono- tony. Equableness. Babble. Flow. Accept, v. tr. Acceptare, from accipere, to take. The word ex- presses more than receive, im- plying a reception with a will to receive. Stn. Welcome. Hail. Admit. Becog- nise. Avow. Acknowledge. Ant. Beftise. Decline. E^ect. Disown, Disavow. Ignore. Bepudiate. Acceptable, adj. See .A ccept. Stn. Grateful. Welcome. Pleasant. Agreeable. Ant. Ungrateful. Unwelcome. Un- pleasant Ditifigreeable. Access, v. n. See Accede. Ap- proach, or way of approach. Syn. Approach. Adit Entrance. Ave- nue. Admittance. ANT. Exit. Egress. Departure. Ex- clusion. Repulse. Accessible, adj. See Accede. Used of demeanour. Stn. Affable. Easy. Approachable. Converaible. Ant. Distant Cold. Difficult Unap- proachable. Accessory or Aocessaey, adj. See Accede. Stn. Additive. Additional Auxiliary. Supplementary. Conducive. Assistant Ant. Essential Inherent Immanent Incorporate. Superfluous. Irrelevant Mal- apropos. Obstructive. Cumbersome. Accident, n. Accidere, to fall or befal. Used in the technical sense of that which is attached to a thing without being essen- tial to it, in which sense it is nearly synonymous with con- dition or concomitant. Stit. Chance. Fortuity. CasoaUy. Indi Synonyms and Antonyms, Calamity. Mishap. If of evIJ, Disaster. Misadventure. Ant. Law. Purpose. Appointment Qrdainment. Provision. Preparation. Acclamation, n. Ad and damare, to call out. A calling out in favoTir. Vivid and unani- mous approval of persons or things. Syn. Applause. Homage. Gratulatlon, Salutation. Plaudit. Hosannah. Cheer. Ant. Obloquy. Censure. Execration. Contumely. Outcry. Sibilation. Denun- ciation. Acclivity, n. Acolivis, steep. The acclivity and the declivity are the same things looked at from different points of view. Stn. Ascent. Ant. Declivity. Descent. Accommodate, v. tr. Con, to- gether, and modus, a limit. To accommodate is to make the limits of a man's circumstances commensurate with his require- ments; and so to oblige in any way, as by money, shelter, suffi- cient space, &c. It is also used in the rude sense of adapting one thing to another. Syn. Convenience. Oblige. Adapt. Supply. Reconcile. Harmonize. Fit. Ant. Inconvenience. Disoblige. Misfit, lijeommode. Disturb. Deprive. Aggravate. Accommodating, adj. See Ac- commodate. Syh. Kind. Obliging. tTnselflsh. Polite. Considerate. Yielding. Conciliatory. Ant. Disobliging. Selfish, Churlish. Rude. rtnperiouH. Dictatorial Incon- eiderate. Exacting. Unaccommodating. Accompany, v. tr. Der. un- cert. Either core and pamis, bread; so that a companion would be, in the first instance, a mess-mate ; or compago-aginis, a fastening. one fastened with a tie of friend- ship or association. Syn. Follow. Consort. Attend. Join, Co-exist. Escort. Convoy. Ant. Deseit Abandon. Leave. Avoid. £scbew. Quit, Discara Accomplice, n. Ad, con, pliea, a fold. One who is folded up with another in the circumstancee and responsibilities of his con- duct. See Abettor, Accomplish, v. tr. Ad and complere, to fill up. To bring to an issue of full success. To fiU up an act to the measure of its intention. Syn. Execute. Perform. Fulfil. Con- summate. Achieve. Finish. Complete. Ant. Fail of. Frustrate. Defeat. Dis- concert. Destroy. BafHfe. Mar. Spoil. Accord, v. tr. and int. Ad and cor, cordis, the heart. Has the double sense of agreeing and granting as it were with the whole heart, Syn. Agree. Consent. Harmonize. Tally. Answer. Comport. Consist. Conform. Grant. Concede. Allow. Surrender. Ant. Disagree. Differ. Misfit Miscom- port. Misconform. Withhold. Refuse. Deny. Accost, v. tr. Ad costam venire, to come to the side, for the presumed purpose of addressing another. Hence, to address in a friendly way, or otherwise, Stn. Address. Salute. Hail. Greet stop. Apostrophize. Ant. Shun. Avoid. Elude. Pass. Ignore. Accountable, adj. Lat. comr- putare, to reckon. Liable to be called to a reckoning. Syn. Responsible. Amenable. Liabl& Answerable. Accredited. Delegated. Sub- ordmate. Ant. Autocratic. Independent Abso- lute. Supreme. Irresponsible. Despotic. Accredit, v. tr. Ad and cre- ditare, from credere. Has the twofold meaning of, 1, to place trust in, and, 2, to confer trust upon another, as, to accredit a statement, and an ambassador. Syn. Believe. Trust Entrust Dele, gate. Depute. Commission. Authorize. Ant. Disbelieve. Distrust Suspect Recall. Supr-rsede. Discard. Dismiss. Accumulate, v. tr. and iM. Lat. ad and cumulns, a heap. Synonyms and Antonyms. Stjt. Collect Grow. Mass. Heap. Store. Garner. Gather. Hoard. Husband. Augment. Increase. Amass. Ant. Dissipate. Disperse. Diminish. Scatter. Expend. Waste. AcoTjRAOT, n. The synonyms may be formed as nouns from the succeeding word. AcouEATE, adj. Ad and cura, care. Is said of a disposition or a production which shows an exact conformity to some stand- ard of requirement, the result of care and pains. Syn. Careful. Exact. Faithful. Pre- cise. Correet. Close. Truthful. Strict. Akt. Careless. Inexact. Faulty. In- correct Inaccurate. Loose. Defective. AocuBSB. See Curse. AcCTTSB, V. tr. Ad and causa. To bring to a legal trial. To charge ; and, thence, to bring an imputation generally against an- other. SrN. Charge. Incriminate. Impeach. Arraign. Tax. Taunt. Cite. Summon. Ant. Defend. Vindicate. Discharge. Acquit Absolve. Condone. Pardon. Re- lease. Exonerate. Accustom, v. tr. Ad and con- suetudo, way of living. Sth. Habituate. Inure. Familiarize. Train. Reconcile. Ant. Disaccustom. Dishabituate. Wean. Estrange. Alienate. Ace, n. Lat. as assis, a pound. A standard of unity. Sth. Unit Atom. Point Tittle. Jot Item. Abt. Numbers. Quantity. Bnlk. Mass. Collection. Aggregate. Total. Sum. Acerbity, n. Acerius, harsh, ae the flaTour of unripe fruit. Used also metaphorically of the disposition. Sts. Harshness. Acridity. Tartness. Sourness. Roughness. Acidity. Bitter- ness. Acrimony. Ant. Sweetness. Mildness. Mellowness. BoftnesGL Gentleness. Amlsbleness. AcHiBTBMBNT, n. Fr. achever, chef; Lat. caput, a head. A deed brought to a head or illustrious termination, ^^ee Abortion. AciOUlAR, adj. Acus, aciculus, a needle. Needle-pointed. Stn. Spinous. Prickly. Thorny. Sharp< pointed. Bristly. Sagittate. Hastate. Ant. Obtuse. Blunt Abrupt. Bluff. Acid, adj. Acidus. Syn. Sharp. Acidulous. Acetose. Vine- garish. Ant. Mellow. Luscious. Mealy. Rich, AcKtfOWLEDGB, V. tr. Agnos- cere. To make matter of pubUo knowledge in relation to one's self, or openly to identify one's self with it. Syn. Avow. Admit Recognize. Own. Accept. Confess. Profess. Endorse. AiiT. Disavow. Disclaim. Disown. Re- pudiate. Ignore. Deny. Acme, n, Gr. ok^^, a point, or top. Stn. Summit. Apex. Zenith, Fitch. Culmination. Meridian. Climax. Ant. Base. Floor. Ground. Nadir. Depth. Depression. Foundation. Foot Root Acquaint, v. tr. !Fr. accointer, from the Lat. accognitare, from cognitus, to make known. Stn. Advertise. Inform. TelL Teach. Notify. Apprize. Advise. Ant. Misinform. Deceive, Delude. Mislead. Misguide. Hoodwink. Acquaintance, n. See Ac- quaint. Sth. Knowledge. Familiatlty. Experi- ence. Ant. Ignorance. Unfamiliarity. Inex- perience. It has also the colloquial meaning of a person with whom one is acquainted. AcQraESCE, v. int. Ad and quies, rest. To rest quiet, if not contented, with ai-rangements, statements, and the Mke. Stn. Assent Repose. Concur. Ant. Dissent Demur, Object , Acquire, v. tr. Acgvirere. To procure generally, with an im- plied effort in some degree. Stn. Gain. Earn. Procure. Obtain. Ant. Lose. Forfeit Surrender. Focfr go. Miss, 10 Synonyms and Antonyms. AOQUIKEMENT, n. See Acquire. Syh. Knowledge. Attainment. Accom- plishment. Learning. Erudition. Ant. Intuition. Inspiration. Clenlus. AcQinsiTiON, n. See Acquire. Beside the meaning of the act and process of acquiring, it has also that of the thing acquired, with an implied value in it. Syn. Gain. Boon. Accession. Benefit Blessing. Advantage. Profit. Ant. Burden. Infliction. Loss. Draw- tjack. Disadvantage. Incubus. Blemish. Acquit, v. tr. Ad and quies. Comp. Quit, to leave a place quiet, and Quittance, a legal re- lease, for the quiet of the debtor's mind. (The word is used in a reflexive way, to acquit one's self, to behave.) Stn. Absolve. Discharge. Exonerate. Exculpate. Release. Dismiss. Liberate. Ant. Charge. Accuse. Impeach. Con- Btrain. Implicate. Bind. Compel. Oblige. Condemn. Sentence. Acquittance, n. See Acquit. Syn. Eelease. Discharge. Receipt. Ant. Bond. Claim. Charge. Obligation. Acrid, adj. Lat. acer. Harsh. Stn. Harsh. Sour. Ant. Mellow. Sweet. Luscious. Acrimony, n. See Acrid. Spoken of maimers and dispo- sition. Syn. Sharpness. Bitterness. Sourness. Ill-feeling. Asperity. Animosity. Hostility. Ant. Smoothness. Courtesy. Mildness. Blanduess. Pleasantness. Friendship. Amiability. Across, adv. and^ep. Cross- wise. Syn. Transversely. Athwart Against Transverseness to a line of movement be- comes opposition. Ant. Lengthwise. Along. Concarrentiy. Parallel Act, 71. Agere, actum. A thing done. Syn. Deed. Performance. Action. In Act, the thing done is re- garded in its separatioii and finahty, action, to speak gene- rally, being the process of which act is the completion. Its mul- tiplicity of bearings flows from the simplicity of its meaning, a ' thing done,' which is variously applicable. A thing done physi- cally is the simplest act; the continuance or repetition of physical acts makes physical ac- tion, as, the ' action of a horse.' Acts of the state, as such, are laws ; hence, acts of parhament. The word Act has certain tech- nical or local meanings, which need only to be mentioned, such as, a literary exercise, of univer- sities, a term of study. A divi- sion of a play. Action, in addi- tion to the above, has the sense of a moral act, which is made up of minor acts (act and operation, not action, are used of the mind) and is, ),'ie mechanical action, made up of minor movements or acts; thus, reconcile differences between two friends is a good action. It is plain, however, that it involves many minor acts sub- ordinate to the general intention. The word action has acquired more than one technical applica- tion. Thus, with the mechani- cian, action is complex mechani- cal movement ; with the lawyer, legal proceeding; witJi the sol- dier, military engagement on a field of battle; while, with the player, act, action, and actor, are theatrical terms. Syn. to Action. Movement Proceeding. Exercise. Operation. Performance. Play. Ant. Inaction. Rest Repose. Cessa- tion. Suspension. Quiet Immobility. In. ertia. Quiescence. Activity, n. Is the faculty of, and tendency to, action. When purely physical it is termed Agility. Stn. Agility. Qulcknesa. Energy Briskness, Synonyms and Antonyms, Aar. l^acxizlty. Slowness. Awkward- 0C8S. Sloth. Clumsiness. Indolence. UeavineBS. Sluggishness. Lassitude. Active, adj\ See aboye. ACTUAii, adj. Fr, actuel, actualis. Syn. Developed. Positive. Demon- strable. Certain. Real. Akt. Potential. Undeveloped. Hypo- thetical. Suppositious, Possible. Virtual. Theoretical. Fabulous. Fictitious. Unreal. Actual implies the being brought into form, shape, or reality, as distinguished from being only mentally conceived, or falsely imagined. Actually, adv. See above. Actuate, v. tr. Same root. To induce to act. Stn. Urge, Instigate. Induce. Incline. Dispose. Impel. Incite. Prompt. Drive. Amt. Deter. Discourage. Retard. Hin- der. Prevent Inhibit. Impede. Dis- suade. AomTY, w. Acus, a needle. Stn. Polntedness. Aculeation. Acu- mination. Ant. Bluntness. Hebetude. Obtuseness. AcuLEATED, adj\ Aculeus, a sting. Stn. Armed. Spinous. Acuminated. Punciuous. Ant. Unarmed. Blunt. Obtuse. Point- less. Stingless. Acumen, n. Latin word. Stn. Point. Penetrativeness. Sharpness. Discernment. Talent. Sagacity. Ant. Bluntness. Obtuseness. Stupidity. Hebetude. Dulness. Indiscemment. Acute, a-dp Acutus. Same root. [Jsed literally and metaphorically both of persons and of sensations. Syn. Sharp. Pointed. Penetrating. Sa^ gacious. Severe. Distr^sing. Akt. Dull. Bbmt. Obtuse. Stupid. Stolid. UndiscemJng. Heavy. ChTonic. Acutely, adv. See above. Adage, n. Adigere, ago, to hring to a head or a point. A sen- tence or saying "which brings a matter to a point, and condenses it in a telling form. Stn. Maxim. Proverb. Dictum. AflT. Discourse. Harangue. Disquisi- Uon. Yam. 11 Adapt, Adaptation, AdaptbiXi Adaptare, to fit, aptus, fit. To make one thing or idea fit to an- other. Stn. v. Fit Adjust. Accommodate Suit. Conform. Admeasnre. Hannonize. Attune. n. Accommodation. Adjustment. Ad- measurement. Confonnity. Coincidence. adj. Suited. Fitted. Adjusted. Accom- modated. Competent Convenient. Ant. to Adaptation. Inconformity. In- congruity. Incompatibility. Disharmony. Misfit. M.alfonnation. Mismeasurement. To Adapt. Misfit. Misconform. Mis- apply. To Adapted. Unsuited. Unfitted. Un- qualified. Unadapted. Inconvenient. Add, v. tr. Addo, ad and dare, to give. Syn. Adduce. Adjoin. Annex. Ant. Deduct. Subtract. Dissever. Ab- stract. Addendum, n. !From adders. Something to be added, as ne- cessary or advantageous. Syn. Acquisition. Improvement. Sup-, plement. Complement Desideratum, Con- comitant Annexation. Appendage. Ant. Surplusage. Detriment Deterio- ration. Detraction. Drawback. Addicted, adj. Addicere, to enrol as a follower. Syn. Given. Accustomed. Prone. In- clined. Disposed. Habituated. Ant. Unaddicted. Unaccustomed. Dis- inclined. Indisposed. Averse, f^ee. Additament, n. A formal ad- dition. From the same root as addendum. Syn. Adjunct. Annexation, Supple- ment. Ad^tion. Acquisition. Increase. Augmentation. Accession. Supplement AST. Deduction. Detraction. Draw- back. Decrement Deterioration. Addition, n. See above. Addebss, V, It. addrizzare, ad and dirigere. To move in the straight line towards another. To direct one's self, or a state- ment, or salutation, or request, towards him. Address, n. The faculty of employing means to secure at" 12 Synonyms and Antonyms. tention, or to gain a purpose. Skill. It has also the meaning of the locaUty or mode of com- munication connected with one ; so, synonymous with Eesidence or Direction. Addresses in the plural means courtship. Stn. to n. Tact Manners. Akt. Awkwardness. TTnmannerlmess. Syn. to V. Accost. Greet. Salute. Ap- proach. Apostrophize. AppeaL Ant. See Accost Adduce, v. tr. Ad ducere, to bring. To bring a thing to an- other as pertinent, corroboratiye, or supplementary to it. Stn. Allege. Apply. Introduce. Pro- duce. Add. Import Ant. Retract Except Withdraw. De- duct Deduce. Suppress. Adept, n. and adj. From adipisci, to find, part, adepties. One who, by sagacity or experi- ence, or both, has found the right way of doing a thing, and acts upon it. Sin. Expert Adroit Handy. Master. Performer. Professor. Artist AliT. Awkward. Clumsy. Inexpert Tyro. Novice. Luhber. Blunderer. Adequate, adj. Ad cequatus, aequus, equal. Equal to any re- quired measure, object, or pur- pose. Sm. Equal. Sufficient Fit Satisfac- tory. FulL Competent Able. Ant. Unequal, insufficient Incom- petent Inadequate. Adhehb, v. int. 'Ad haereo, I stick. To remain united with little external contrivance; but rather by some peculiarity of the substances adheriog. Used meta- phorically of union of cause or sentiment. Syn. Stick. Cohere. Unite. Cling. Adhere is better used of one substance. Cohere of more than one. So, A adheres to B, but A and B, or A, B, and C cohere. Ant. Disunite. Part Separate. Divide. Secede. Sunder. Sever. Adheebnt, n. See Adhere. Sm. Follower. Supporter. Ally. A* mirer. Backer. Aid. Partlzan. Akt. Opponent Deserter. Adversary E^negade. Antagonist Adhesive, adj. See Adhere. Syn. Sticky. Viscous. Glutinous. Aht. Inadhesive. Adieu, inter j. A commending to God's care on taking leave. Stn. Good-bye, which is *God be with ye.' FarewelL Valediction. Ant. Greeting. Welcome. Eecogni- tion. Salutation. Adiposb, adj. Adeps, fat. Syn. Obese. Corpulent OleaginoM. Sebaceous. Pingnetudinous. Ant. Leathery. Skinny. Bony. Thin. AnatomicaL Mummified. Adit, n. Aditus, adire. An entrance. Syn. Entrance. Ingresa Approach. Avenue. Access, Ast. Exit i^ss. Mouth. Debouchure. Outlet Adjacent, adj. Ad and /oceo, I lie. Syn. Near. Neighbouring. Contiguous. Ant. Remote. Distant Separate, Adjoin, v. tr. and intr. Ad-j jungere. Barely used in the transitive sense, this being re- served for the uncompounded verb, join. In the intransitive sense it seems to be used both of close proximity and actual con- tact, Syn. Annex. Add. Connect. Append. Supplement Attach. Unite, fnt Border. Neighbour. Touch. Abut Approximate. Verge. Trench. Touch. Akt. Di^oin. Dismember. Disconnect Detach. Disintegrate. Disunite. Int Part Separate. Recede. Return. Diverge. Be distant Removed. Remote. Incontiguous. Adjourn, v. tr. Ad, and dies, a day. Whence diumns, daily. So, It. Oiomo, a day, and in Eng- lish, journal, a diary, a daily newspaper. To defer to a paxti- cular day, or indefinitely from day to day. Synonyms and Antonyms. 13 8tk. Astpona Suspend. Defer. Pro- IDgue. Delay. Pi jtract Ant. Expedite. Despatch. Urge. Hasten. Conclude. Complete. SeaL Consummate. Terminate. Adjudge, Adjudicate, v. tr. Adjudicare. Judex, a judge. Though they are the same word, under a Stench and a more dis- tinctly Latin form, they are used differently. To adjudge is to award by arbitration. To adju- dicate is to exercise the office of judge in a case. To adjudge is active, adjudicate neuter, except in cases of cognate signification, as, to adjudicate a matter (of ad- judication). Syn, Award. Confer. Assign. Present. Arbitrate. Decide. Amt. Withhold. Reserve. Retain. Re- fuse. Dismiss. Relegate. Adjunct, n. Ad jungere, ad junctus. 1. A thing added to be of use. 2. A thing emphatically added, as distinguished from in- herent. Stn. Addition. Additament. Attach- ment. Appendage. Appurtenance. Aux- iliary. Aid. Acquisition. Advantage. Help. Amt. Essence. Substance. Body. Clog. Detriment. Impediment. Hindrance. Ob- struction. Detraction. Drawbaclc. Adjubb, V. tr. Adjurare, to swear. To appeal to one, as if putting him upon his oath — that is, in the most solemn or impres- sive manner; hence it has adopted, in addition, the senses of entreaty and command. Sto. Conjure. Entreat. Enjoin. Urge. Supplicate. Move. Beseech. Command. AST. Deprecate. Remonstrate. Expos- tulate. Warn. Dissuade. Inhibit. Pro- hibit. Defy. Dare. Adjust, v. tr. Ad and Justus. With the sense of the French juste, right in place or arrange- ment. Syn. Harmonize. Collocate. Arrange, localize. Adapt. Affix. Right. Accom- moilate. Reconcue. Compose. The word is used both of ar- rangement of things or parts, inter se, and also of the flttmg of one thing to another. Ant. Dislocate. Disarrange. Disturb. Confound. Dismember. Disorder. Con- fuse. Discompose. Derange. Adjuvant, adj. Ad juvare, to hel/p. Stn. Accessaiy. Auxiliary. Promotive. Productive. Assistant. Ministrative. An- cillary. Useful Conducive. a!nt. Obstructive. Petractive. Retard- ative. Preventative. Counteractive. Irre- levant. Useless. Admeasurement, n. Ad and mensura, measure. Is used in the sense, 1, of measurement; and, 2, of relative measurement or adaptation. Syn. Size. Dimensions. Adaptation. AcUttstment. Ant. Misshapemeut. Misconformity. Misfit. Mismatch. Mismeasurement. Administbb, v. tr. Ad minis- trare, from manus, the hand. Comp. Manage. To distribute generally, or to give out ; or to act out the responsibilities of office or government. Syn. Distribute. Award. Accord. Dolft Give. Impart. Afford. Discharge. Dis- pense. Execute. Perform. Conduct. Aht. Withdraw. Withhold. Refuse. Retain. Assume. Resume. Resign. Deny. Divert. Appropriate. Misadminister. Be- tray. Misconduct Mismanage. Administration, n. See Admi- nister. Admire, v. tr. Ad and mirari, to wonder. Had of old the sense of mere wonder ; but is now re- stricted to that of wonder on ac- count of beauty or excellence. It may be of physical or moral beauty, as, of a beautiful person, or noble conduct and character. Syn. Wonder. Gaze. Approve. Ap- preciate. Extol. Affect. Adore. Revere, liespect. Ant. Abhor. Ridicule. Disesteem. Ex. ecrate. Abomiuate. Contemn. Mislika Despise. Sljj;ht. 14 Synonyms and Antonyms. Admiration, n. See Admire. Stn. Wonder. ApprovaL Appreciation. Adoration. Reverence. Ant. DisapprovaL Disesteem. Con- tnmely. Opprobrium. Ridicule. Contempt Dislike. Admissiblb, adf. See Admit. Used of things and persons. SyN. Allowable, Permissible. Probable, Reasonable. Proper. Just Fair. Right Qaalified. Ant. Unallowable. Inadmissible. Im- proper. Unreasonable. Absurd. Prepos- terous. Monstrous. Unfair. Wrong. Un- qualified. Excluded. Admission, n. See Admit. Used of the admitting or conced- ing of truths as just, Mr, true, reasonable, or right. See Ad- mittance. SrN. Concession. Allowance. Acknow- ledgment. 'Acceptance. Ant. Denial. Protestation. Negation. Contradiction. R^ection. Admit. Ad and mittere, to send or receive. The root idea is that of granting a place to some person or thing. So, first, locally, as, to admit to a theatre ; then, slightly in adyance of mere locality, to admit to one's pre- sence or counsels ; then, to grant place to things on some moral ground, as of necessity, or justice, or reasonableness. SrN. E^ceive. Pass. Permit Accept Grant Concede. Allow. Acknowledge. Confess. Ant. Exclude. Debar. Disallow. K.^ ject. Deny. Discbarge. Dismiss. E^ect Extrude. Repudiate. Disavow, Diaown. Admittance, n. See Admit. Used of local or material cases. So, strictly, we should say, the admission of an allegation as true, but, the admittance of a stranger to an assembly. Syn. Introduction. Entrance. Pass, P^iTuit. Passpoi-t, Privilege, Acceptance. Welcome. Reception. Ant. Exclusion. Denial, liljection. Pro- hibition. Bar. Hindrance, Rejection, Re- pudiatl in. Admonish, v. tr. Admmere. In Old English this word had the sense of simply teaching, in- forming, or instructing; after- wards of reteaching or remind- ing. Ite modern usage is warn- ing, because the re m in din g of principles is warning. Hence, like admonition, it has genera.Ily a prospective sense, not referring to physical dangers, but rather to moral or penal consequences. Sometimes, however, it refers to the deed, and is a premonitory penalty, equivalent to censure, Stm, Remind, Warn, Advise. Fore warn. Dissuade. Censure. Rebuke. Ant, Encourage. Instigate. Abet. In- cite. Urge. Applaud. Countenance. Ado, n. Prom verb, to do. Stn. Hubbub. Commotion. Fuss. Ex- citement Ant. Calm. Composure. Quiet Order liness. Staidness. Tranquillit?. Adopt, v. tr. Ad optare, to wish or choose. To take to one's self by choice or approval. It is applied to persons, principles, or opinions, courses of conduct and association. SrN. Assume. Select Affiliate. Choose. Endorse. Avow, Appropriate, Ant. Reject Decline. Repudiate. Dis- avow. Discard, Renoimce, Abandon, Disown, Disclaim, Adore. Ad and os oris, the mouth. To kiss the hand in token of worship. Applied of necessity only to persons, except in tlie sense of idolatry. Si"N. Admire. Venerate. Reverence- Worship. Idolize, AsT, Abhor, Despise. Disesteem. Abo* minate. Execrate. Blaspheme. Adoration. See Adore. Adorn. Ad omare, to heau- Sts. Bojiutify. Decorate. Embellish Deck. Garnish. Gild. Enrich, Ant. Mar. Spoil, Defcirm. Defacs. DistiEiire, impoverish. Denude. Despoil Suip. riare. Dis( mbfllish. Synonyms and Antonyms. Adrift, adv. Drift, part, of Drive. Drifting loose. Used metaphorically, as, 'his senses are gone adrift.' Syk. Loose. Afloat, Agog. Abroad. Abroach. Distracted. Disordered. Ant. Fast. Tight. Right. Lashed. Moored. Secure. Collected. Composed. Adroit, adj. Fr. droit, Lat. dexter, the right hand. Snf. Handy. SlcUfuL Dextfirous. Ex- pert Ant. Awkward. Clumsy. Unskilful. Inexpert. Lubberly. Adscititious, or Ascititious, adj. Ad sciscere, to seek to know. To go out of one's way to find out and import. Applies to matter added, with the sugges- tion of its falsity or superfluify. SrN. Adventitious, Superfluous. Re- dundant. Allen. Artificial. Spurious, Smuggled, AiiT, Essential, Necessary, Veritable. Regular. Ingenerate. Ingrained. Con- genitaL FnndamentaL Genuine. Inherent. Proper, Adulation, n. Adulari, to flatter. Praise, excessive in quantity, and interested in ex- pression. Syn. Flattery, Compliment. Sycophancy, Courtship, Cringing, Fawning, Blandish- Li ment Ant, Detraction. Obloquy, Defamation. Calumny, Traduceraent. Sarcasm. Ridi- cule. Satire, Bespatterment, Adult, n. and adj. Adolescere, to grow up, adultus. A grown- up person. Stn. Man. Woman. To a^. Mature. Ripe. Full. Ant, Youth, Stripling, ■ Boy, Child, Infant, To adj. Juvenile. Immature, Adultkratkd, pcrrt. Ad alte- rum, or adulari. Adultery is the unlawful love of some other than the wife or husband. Me- taphorically, mixed impurely. SrN. Impure. Ungenuine. Spurious. Concocted. Mixed, Falsified, Deteriorated. Garbled, Ant, Pure, Original, Genuine, Un- mixed, Unadulterated, Undeieriorated. Sound, 15 Adumbration, n. Ad and umbra, a shadow. Also the put- ting forth in shadow, a shadow- ing forth. Syn. Shadow, Foreshadowing. Presage, Prognostic, Sketch, Delineation, Sugges- tion, Hint. Premonition. Prototype Ant. Body. Substance, Fulfilment. Realization, Substantiation, Antitype, Advance, v, tr. and int. Fr. avancer, avant, ah ante. To move one's self, or an object, or other person toward the van, or for- wards. Applied to moveable ob- jects, persons, interests, opinions, money. Syn. Propel, Elevate, Promote, Further, Lend, Propagate, Progress. Increase. Prosper. Rise. Ant, Retard, Hinder. Withhold. With- draw. RecalL Depress. Degrade. Sup- press. Oppose. Retreat Decrease. Advancement,?!. ;8ee Advance. Advantage, n. Same root. An advantage is anything, the possession of which secures, pro- motes, or indicates success. It is used in the plural in no spe- cific reference, but broadly, as, the advantages of education. Syn. Gain. Success, Superiority. Help, Assistance, Profit, Acquisition. Ant. Loss. Disappointment Defeat Frustration, Inferiority, Obstacle, Ob- struction, Difficulty, Dilemma. Disad- vantage, Drawback, Advent, n. Advenio, adventus, I come or arrive. Syn, Approach, ArrivaL Accession. Coming. Ant, Departure, Exit, Exodus, Re- tirement Relinquishment. Quittance. Adventitious, adj. See Ad- vent. That which is imposed without strict propriety, or ne- cessity, or rule. Syn. Extrinsic. Redundant Super- fluous, Adscititious, Irregular, Casual imported, Akt, Regular, Proper, Pertinent Essen- tial, Appropriate, Necessary, Intrinsic, Adventure, «, See Advent. The occurrence of an incident ol 16 Synonyms and Antonyms. an unusually stirring character. The adventure is sometimes un- foreseen, sometimes sought pur- posely. Stw. Incident, Crisla. Casualty. Un- dertaking. Experiment. Venture. TriaL Bomance. Ant, Matter-of-fact. Matter-of-course. Advbntdkods, adj. See aboTe. Given to seek adventures. Syn. Bold. Brave. Daring. Enter* prising. Courageous. Gallant. Fearless. Venturesome. Ant. Timid. Unenterprising. Inad- Tenturous, Cowardly, Nervous, Hesiliat- Jlg, Cautious, Abvbesart, n. See Adverse. Stn. Opponent, Antagonist Foe. Enemy. Rival Ant. Accessory. Abettor. Aider. Friend. Helper. Assistant. Ally. Ac- complice. Adveese, adj. Ad vertere, versus, turned to or against, in op- position, adversus. Adverse is spoken of physical influences or forces, feelings, and circumstances. Sin. Opposed. Unlucky, Hard, Hostile. Antagonistic. Unpropitious. Unfavourable. Unfortunate. Ant. Favourable. Friendly. Amicable. Propitious. Fortunate. Lucl^. Abveesitt, n. See Adverse. Stn. Ill-luck. Misfortune. Misery. Calamity. Disaster. Unsuccess. Failure. Ruin. Trouble. Affliction. Sorrow. Ant. Good-luck. Prosperity. Happi- ness. Success. Advancement. Advert, v. int. Advertere, neut., to turn (one's attention) to. It is followed by the prep. to. Stn. Refer. Allude. Notice. Remark. Ant. Ignore. Pass. Drop. Omit Overlook. Adveetent, adj. See Advert. Loosely used of acts as weU as persons. Syn. Attentive. Regardful. Mindful Watchful. Thoughtful. Observant Con- siderate. Ant. Inattentive. Inadvertent CasuaL Thoughtless. Heedless. Inobservant Ib- eonsi derate. Advbetisb, V. tr. See Advert. To draw the mind to a piece of information, either the public mind or the mind of an indivi- dual, and so make it known. We say, to advertise a thing, and to advertise a person of a thing. Syn. Publish. Advise. Inform. Pro- claim. Promulge. Ant. Suppress. Hush. Conceal Ig- nore. Hoodwink. Misguide. Mislead. Misinform. Advice, n. See Advise. Advise, v. tr. Ad videre, to see. To cause to see, for the sake of information or guidance practi- cally, and prompting to action. Syn. Persuade. Urge. Prompt In- stigate. Incite. Instruct, Acquaint In- form. ANT. Dissuade. Deter. Expostulate. Remonstrate. Prohibit Inhibit Restrain. Curb. JMislea^. Misadvise. Hoodwink. Deceive. Deiude. Misinform. Advisable, adj. That which might form a subject of whole- some advice or recommendation. Syn. Politic. Judicious. Expedient Desirable. Wise. Prudent. Beneficial. Profitable. Ant. Unadvisable. Impolitic. Injudi- cious. Inexpedient Undesirable. Unpro- fitable. Advocate, «. Advocatus. A person called to one's side as an assistant at law. Comp. Gr. napdicKrjTos. It is used of the support of a cause or opinions, as well as of personal support. Syn. Pleader. Counsellor. Upholder. Propagator. Promoter. Supporter. Counte- nances Defender. Maintuiner. Ant. Opponent. Adversary. Discount- enancer. Accuser. Impugner. Gainsayer. Advocate, v. tr. See noun. Afar, adv. Far, another form of for, which is from the Greek TToppo) and the Latin pro. Syn. Abroad. Away. Aloof, Ant. Near. At home. CIcm. Synonyms amd Antonyms. 17 Affablb, ad). Affabilis, affari, to address. Givmg opportunities of conversation, where they im- ply kindness or condescension. Stn. Courteous. Condescending. Ac- cessible. Conversible. Gracious. Easy. Approachable. Ant. Exclusive. Discourteous. Distant. Inaccessible. Unapproachable. Inconver- inble. Haughty. Contemptuous. Super- cilious. Affaik, n. Fr. affaire, afficere, to affect. A thing taken with its eurroundings, and viewed, as it were, ia the gross; as, a love affair, a trivial affair, a serious affair. Syn. Matter. Business. Concern. Trans- action. Ant. Detail. It£m. Point. Feature. Circumstance. Affect, v. tr. Afficere. To make or produce an effect upon. Also to eiiibit a tendency toward an object ; hence to seek naturally or desire. The impulse may be physical or moral, as, water is affected by cold; fluids affect a round figure; I do not affect that man. It is this last aspect of the word which is represented in common parlance by affection, though it is also used physically, as, a febrile affection. Sin. Ijlce. Desire. Favour. Seek. Assume. Ant. Dislil^e. Eschew. Shun. Repel. Repudiate. Affectation, n. Is the false or idle form of the affection ; the assuming a state which is not one's own, or not natural ; the affecting of the untrue ; the im- pulse on the one side, and the object or nature on the other, bang out of harmony. Syw. Pretence. Artifice. Hypocrisy. Assumption. Simulation. Mannerism. Eu- phuism. Airs. Ant. Genuineness. Naturalness. Sim- plicity. Artlessness. Qnaffecteiness. Affbctibility, n. See Affect. Stn. Sensibility. Sensitiveness. Su» ceptibility. Impressibility. Excitability. Irritability. Nervousness. Akt. Insensibility. Insensateness. Hele- tude. Unimpressibleness. Callousness. Affection, n. See Affect. SrN. Influence. Condition. State. In- clination. Bent. Mood. Humour. Feel- ing. Love. Desire. Propensity. Ant. Insensibility. Inditferenoe. Ee- pngnance. Disaffection. Repulsion. Affiance, n. Pr. affiance, ad and fidentia, from fides. Faith, expressed toward a superior is homage, toward an equal is friendship, toward a superior power, confidentje, and, in a pe- culiar sense toward the other sex, betrothal. Stn. Homage. Trust. Confidence. Re- liance. Betrothal. Fealty. Faith. Plight- ing. Ant. Unfealty, Disloyalty. Distrust. Treason. Suspicion. Infidelity. Falseness. Ajffiliatb, u. iT, Detach, Disunite, Separate, Re- move, Disengage, Unfasten. Afflict, Affliction, Afflic- TIVB. Affligere, affltctare, to strike severely. Usage restricts afflict and the other derivatives to things of the mind and prolonged pains of the body. When the casual and intentional wounding of the body is spoken of, the other compoimd, inflict, is used, as, to inflict a wound ; but we speak of an in- fliction, meaning an annoyance, and of the infliction, of pain of mind. Man inflicte, but God only afflicts. Stn. Affliction. Trouble. Trial. Grid Pain. Disease. Misery. Hanlship. Sorrow. Ant. Consolation, Relief, Alleviation. Assuagement, Or, more positively: Boon. Blessing, Gratification. Pleasure, Affluence, n. Ad and fluere, to flow. In usage expresses the aggregate rather than the process of an inflowing abundance. In older English it applied to the physical inflow of water, as of the tide, and the arrival of any- thing in large numbers, as, an affluence ot strangers. It is now commonly used for an abund- ance of resources, Syn. Abundance, Plenty. Wealth, Riches, Opulence, Ant, Want, Scarcity, Penury. Indl- genoe. Poverty, Impecunioatty, Strait- oew. Lack. Afflux, n. See Affluence. Syn, Accession, Importation, Augmuot. ation. Increase, Addition. Influx. Ant. Decrease. Detriment. Detraction. Diminution. Exhaustion. Failure. Ebb. Afford, v. tr. Ad xai. forum, market. To bring to market, or to bring forward in court. Hence, generally, to produce according both to moral and natural pro- duction, as, the sea affords flsh, the fieltis com ; a weU-spent life affords peace at the last. Se- condly, to produce, confer, or expand economically, that is, in proportion to one's means and resources. Syn-. Produce. Supply. Yield. Grant, Administer. Extend. Ant. Withheld. Deny. Withdraw, Re- tain. Stint Grudge. Affranchise, v. tr. Prom the old Germ.-rrench,/raMc, Comp. frank, free. To make free. Ap- plied to individuals and borougl^. SiTT, Free, Liberate, Enfranchise. Manumit, Qualify, Open, Ant, Enthral. Enslave. Subjugate. Disfranchise. Disqualify. Close, Affray, n. Fr. efroi,fear. A conflict that puts others in fear, therefore public. Syn, Broil, Tumult. Brawl, Melfe Fracas, Disturbance, Akt, Order. Tranquillity. Paciticatlon. Dispersion, Quelling. Affright, v. tr. Goth. To put in sudden fear by some ex- ternal exhibition. Syn. Startle. Astonish. Terrify. Ant. Encourage. Embolden. Reassure Affront, n. Ad and frons, the fi/rehead or face. An open insult, as distinguished from a secret or insidious attack by word or deed. Syn. Outrage. Provocation. Insult Indignity. Ant. Homage. Salutatiou. CcDr7 Apology Amends. Compliment. Afirk, adv. On fire. Synonyms and Antonyms. 19 Stw. Ablace. Alight. Burning. Itniited. Ant. Out Extinguifibed Quenched. Ai'LOAT, adv. Sax., but seems ftkin to fluo, fluctus, a wave. Comp. Fluctuate. It is used also in a metaphorical sense, as below. SvN. Adrift. Abroad. At sea. Abroach. Loose. Distracted. Dazed. Ant. Ashore. Snug. Tight. Close. Fast. Collected. Concentrated. Afoot, adv. On foot. Liter- ally, on the feet, and with the metaphorical meaning of, set going. Syn. Working. Launched. Afloat. Agoing. Inaugurated. Started. Insti- tuted. Established. Akt. Uncommenced. Incomplete, Pro- jected. Proposed. Contemplated. Designed. Afore, adv. and a/lj. Pore, same as for Gr. 7ro/:)/3<», Latin ^m. Precedent in time or space. Stn Precedent. Antecedent. Fore- going. Ahead. A-front. Before. Beyond. Sooner. Ant. Behind. Following. Subsequently. After. Astern. Aback. Rearwards. Aforesaid, part. See Afore. SrN. Above-mentioned. Stated. Ant. Following. Subjoined. After- cited. Forthcoming. Afraid, adj. See Affray. Ex- presses all degrees of fear be- tween the most trifling appre- hension and the highest conster- nation. Syn. Fearful. Apprehensive. Timid. Cautious. Careful. Frightened. Alarmed. Terrified. Suspicious. Disti-ustful. Anxious. Akt. Fearless. Inapprehensive. Un- solicitous. Easv. Indifferent. Secure. Confident. Bold." Hopeful. Eager. Reck- less. Audacious. Venturesome. Afresh, adv. Pr. fraiche, fresh. Sin. Anew. Again. Frequently. Re- peatedly. Intermittently. Ant. Continuously. Uniformly. Unin- terruptedly. Uuintermittently. Coiuiectedly. Aft, adv. See Abaft. After, ^rej3. See Abaft. Ap- plied to posteriority both of time and order. 8ra. Behind. Fallowing. Succeeding. Ant. AfoH, Befox«. Introducing. Pre- ceding. Again, adv. Comp. (Jgrni. gehen, to go. With the twofold idea of going anew, and going at or towards ; hence again and against ; for the latter vide infra. The idea of frequent repetition is expressed by the phrase, " agaia and again." Sax. agen. Syn. Anew. Afresh. Repeatedly. Fre- quently. Ant. Continuously. Uniformly. Unin terruptedly. Unintermittently. Once. Against, jirep. See Again. Implies motion or position in opposition; and this both phy- sical and moral opposition. Syn. Over. Opposite. Abutting. Op- posing. Resisting. Despite. Across. A- thwart. Counter AWT. With. For. Accompanying. Aiding'. Suiting. Promoting. Agape, adv. Gape, of Gothic derivation. Comp. Gap. Syn. Astare. Agog. Astonishedl Cu Pious. Inquisitive. Kntertalned. Amused Eager. Ant. Incurious. Listless. Lukewarm. Absent. Aos, n. Lat. cevum, cevitas, cetaa. Fr. Age: This word expresses both a point and also a period of time ; and these as applied both to his- tory at large and the history of human lifetime. Sometimes used emphatically of old age, as,. " from youth to age." Syn. Period. Generation. Date. Cen- tury. Antiquity. Senility. Eldership. Seniority. Ant. Youth. Infancy. Boyhood. Child- bood. Moment. Instant, Aged, adj. See Age. Syn. Old. Ancient. Antiquated. Pa- triarchal, Primseval. Time-honoured, Ant, Juvenile, YouthfuL Young, Up- start, Recent, Fresh. AgencYj.m. Agentia. See Agent. Agent, n. See Act. A>^trlies 2 Stjnonyms and Antonyms. 20 both to acts and actions, also to physical influences. It has the technical sense of, a man of busi- ness. Stn. Doer. Performer. Actor. Force. Means. lustniment. Influence. Cause. Proraocer, Operator, Ant. OounteragonL Counteractor. Coun- teraction. Opponent. Neutralizer. Agglomeeate, V. tr. Agglo- raerare, ylumus, a ball of cotton, a tu!i/>t or yarn. To agglomerate is to collect into a mass of such a Mnd as shall convey the idea of a multi- plicity of parts, or intricacy with- out organisation or structural arrangement. Syn. Accumulate. Conglomerate. Lump. Agglutinate. Entangle. Heap. Confuse. Amalgamate. A^T. Scatter. Dissipate. Sift. Separate, riisentangle. Disject. Divide. Disunite. Part. Unravel. Detacb. Difference. Dif- ferentiate. Agglutinate, v. tr. Gluten, glue. This idea differs from the pre- ceding, inasmuch as the totality of the things agglutinated re- mains distinguishable, as in some languages compound ideas are expressed by concatenating monosyllables, or words expres- sive of elementary ideas, such as the Chinese ; they are called ag- glutinate languages. Syk. Acljoin. Splice. Weld. Solder. Gum. AfBx. Attach. Paste. Post. Stick. Cunsolidate. Akt. Detach. Abrade. Absterge. Dis- integrate. Resolve. Disglutinate. Aggrandize, v. tr. Orandis, great or large. To make great or greater. Applied to individuals and families, or their condition. Syn. Promote. Dignify. Exult. En- noble. Enrich. Advance. Elevate. Sig- nalize. Ant. Depress. Degrade. Enfeeble. Im- poverish. Debase. Humiliate. Lower. Abue. Disgrace. Dishonour, Agqbavatk, v. tr. Gravis, heavy. To make heavy or heavier. It is not used of the augmentar tion of that which is physically weighty, but metaphorically, as of the burden of trouble, or any- thing naturally oppressive. So the idea is by usage restricted to matters of feeMng and moral re- sponsibility. We aggravate a mental, not a material burden. Circumstances also aggravate offences. It is less usually em- ployed directly of persons than of their feehngs or sentiments. Syn. Exasperate. Wound. Provoke. In- crease. P^nhance. Embitter. Magnify. Akt. Soothe. Conciliate. Assuage. Di- minish. Palliate. Neutralize. Soften. Lessen, Alleviate. Attenuate, Mitigate. Aggregate, Aggbegation, r. Ad and (/rex, a fluck. Syn. Sum, Result. Total, Mass, Whole. Totality. Collection. Collation. Combinatijn, Ant. Dissipation. Diepersion. Separa- tion. Division, Segregation, Disunion. Individual. Unit. Element. Ingredienu item. Aggression, «. Aggredio- Gradus, a step. Commonly im- plying the first to begin an en- counter. Syn. Invasion. Attack. Onslaught, Assault. Encroachment. Provocation. In- cursion. Ant. Resistance. Retaliation, Repul- sion, Withdrawal, Retreat, Evacuation. Accession, Accepiance, Qualification. Aggrieve, v. tr. See Aggra- vate. To lay a burden of sorrow or injury upon another. Syk. Wound, Trouble. Annoy. Hurt, Vex. Disappoint. Molest. Injure. Wrong. Ant. Soothe. Concihate. Assuage. Con- sole. Satisfy. Compensate. Aghast, adv. From gaze, as it were agazed, or standong in a state of gaping or staring won- der. Syn. Affrighted. Astonished. Astart Dumbfounded. Bewildered. Horror-stntck Synonyms and Antonyms. 2i Ant. Cool. Calm. Fearless. Unaffected. Unmoved. Indifferent Unexdted. Un- aJanned. Agilb, adj. Ago, agilis, active. Eestricted by usage to bodily activity. S™. Kimble. Active. Fleet. Brisk. Alert. Featly. Lithe. Ant. Slow. Heavy. Awkward. Clumsy. Inert Bulky. Ponderous.. Elephantine. Agitate, v. tr. Agere, agitare, to toss about. Syn. Disturb. Trouble. Excite. EufHe. Stir. Fluster. Ant. Calm. Compose. Allay. Pacify. Smoothe. It is sometimes used of argu- mentative consideration, as, to agitate a question. SrN. Start Moot Ventilate. Pro- pound. Ant, Solve. Settle. Determine. Ago, adv. For agone. Stn. Past. Gone. Since. Ant. Coming. Future. Hence. Here- after. Agog, adv. For agoing. SrN. Abroad. Abroach. Astir. Adrift Agoing. The idea seems to be that of excited interest, with a tendency to distraction; the faculties not only actively astir, but going, as it were, different ways at once, under tiie influence of curiosity, delight, surprise, or desire. Ant. Asleep. Indiiferent. Incurious. Somnolent Heedless, Collected. Cool. AGOire, n. Torture, 'A-yaivia, the struggle of the wrestler in the public contests of Greece. Agony is therefore, primarily, pain so severe as to produce con- tortion of the muscles; thence generally great pain of mind or body. Stk. Pain. Torture. Racking. Excra- datioii. Ant. Soothing. Allaying. Assuage, meut Comfort. Composure. Peace. Ease, Relief. Gratiffcation. Enjoyment .Eapture. Ecatuy. Agekb, V. int. Fr, Agreer. Ad and gndus, grateful, pleasant. Agreement indicates physical, moral, or mental accordance, From its etymology it would appear that its transition has been, not from the physical to the moral, but the other way. Agreement may be with or with- out volition, Stn, Suit Tally. Accord. Fit Har- monize. Combine. Assent, Consent. Con- form. Consort Comport Ant. Differ. Disagree. Revolt. Pro- test. Decline. Refuse. Dissent Demur. Ageebable, adj. See Agree. Has the above forces, and also as applied to things or persons. Stn. Obliging. Pleasant. Accommodat- ing. Grateful. Acceptable. Welcome. Ant. Disobliging. Unpleasant. UnaC' commodating. Disagreeable. Obnoxious. Ungrateful. Unwelcome. Unacceptable. Offensive. Ageebablt, adv. See above, Syn. Suitably. Conformably, Consist entty. Accordingly, Pleasantly, AccepI ably. Gratefully. Ant, Un,suttably. Inconsistently, Im pertinently, inappropriately, Inharmoni- ously, Unbefittingly, Unpleasantly. Agreement, n. Has the tech- nical sense of a permanent or attested agreement. SrN. Contract Compact Bond. Obli- gation. Undertaking. Treaty. Ant. (As without legal force or bond). . Understanding. Promise. Parole. AoRlCULfURE, n. Ager, afield, colere, cultura, cidtivatinv. Stn. Cultivation. Husbandry. Farming. Tillage. Ant. Sterility. Unproductiveness. Waste. Fallowness. Inculture. Aground, adv. On ground. Syn. Stranded. Ashore. Ant. Off. Afloat Ahead, adv. Toward the head. Syn. Forward. Afore. Afront On- wards. Ant. Aft Abaft Astern. Behind Aback. 22 Synonyms and Antonyms. Aid, v. tr. Fr. aider, to help. SiTN. Help. Assist, Succour. Support. A bet. Enojurage. Instigate. Subsidize. Ant. Oppose. Resist. Counteracts 1'hwart. Withstand. Cunfi-ont. Discourage. Deter. Baffle. Ailment, n. Ail, of northern derivation ; to be weak. Syn. Complaint. Illness. Sickness. Dis- e.ise. Ant. Recovery. Convalescence. Health. Sanity. Robustness. Vigour. Salubrious- ness. Am, n. and v. int., as such it is followed by at. Prom oesti- mare, to estimate or calculate, as distance, elevation, angles, force. Syn. Object. Scope. Goal. Purpose. Mark. End. Design. Jnt^'ntion. Syn. to V. Seek. Level. Propose. De- sign. Affect. Intend. Mean. Purpose. Ant. Shun. Disregard. Disaffect Ig- nore. Overlook. Avoid. AiBY, adj. A metaphorical expression for light as air, over and above its plainer meaning of ventilated or breezy. Syn. Light. jEthereal. Spiritual. Joyous. Sprightly. Lively. Animated. Frolicsome. I-'airy-like. Ant. Dull. Inert Stony. Ponderous. Slow. Heavy. Cheerles.*!. Sullen. Dole- some. Lugubrious. Leaden. Wooden. Akin, ndj. Prefix a and kin ; whence kind and kindred. Like in nature or character. Syn. Rplflted. Agnate. Cognate. Homo- geneous. Similar. Consanguineous. Con- genial. Allied. Sympathetic. Ant. Unrelated. Unconnected. Alien. Heterogeneous. Foreign. Uncongenial. Hostile. Unallied. Antagonistic. Unsym- pathetic. Dissimilar. Alacrity, n, Alacer, quick, alacritas. Syn. Quickness. Readiness. Cheerrul le-ss. Compliance. Willingness. Prompti- tude. Akt. Slowness. Reluctance. Repug- nance. The idea of alacrity is com- pound, implying both physical and mental or moral activity, and is by usage almost entirely rostrictod to the ready perform- ance of the wishes or commands of another. Alarm, n. and v. It. all 'arme. A cry " to arms ;" hence the verb alarm means to frighten, and the noun not only fear but a sum- mons to self-defence, as, to give the alarm. Syn. Apprehension. Fear. Fright. Timidity. Consternation. Tocain. War-cry War-not«. Reveille. Akt. Confidence. Security. Quiet Syn. to V. Warn. Wake. Terrify Frighten. Intimidate. Ant. Compose. Embolden. Reassnrei Rally Alabmino, adj. See Alarm. Syn. Terrible. . Fearful. Frightfnl. Por- tentous. Ominous. Threatening. Ant. Soothing. Assuring. Encouraging- Inviting. Propitious. Hopeful. Alluring Enticing. Attractive. Alert, adj. Sp. al' erta. Oe the mound or post of the sentinel on the fortifications or rampart. Syn. Active. Vigilant Ready. Wake- ful. Watchful. Prepared. Although the word is used for briskness or activity, in general, it stiU is most appropriately used of cases in which, according to the etymology, the mind and body answer to some external call upon them, to be on the alert, or to be on the look-out, ready to act on short notice, being found prepared. Ant. Slow. Sleepy. Lazy. Absent Oblivious. Unresidy. Sluggish. Inactive Unwaichful. Dilatory, Drowsy. Alien, adj. Alius, aliemis. Belonging to another country; hence, metaphor., foreign to the purpose. SrN. Foreign. Strange. Undomestioated Inappropriate. Irrelevant impertinent Ant. Pertinent Essential. Proper Appropriate. Kelevant Germane. AbilL Apropos. Katuralized. ArjKNATB, 0. tr. See Alien. Synonyms and Antonyms. 23 Applied to property, and the good-will or affections of others. Syn, Estrange. Abalieimte. Transfer. Ant. Conciliate. Retain. Endear. Bind. Email. Secure. Alienation, n. See above. Has, besides, the peculiar sense of constitutional estrangement of mind. Syn. Insanity. Aberration. Hallucina- tion. Derangement. Imbecility. Ant. Sanity. Soundne<:s. Sobriety. Kaf tlon&lity. Alight, v. int. Light conn, with lenis. To descend lightly. Syn. Percb. Drop. Descend. Dismount. Ant. Mount.' Ascend, Spring. Soar. Start Alike, cuif. and adv. A and Uke. Like in character or nature or community of circumstances. SrN. Resembling. Similar. Homogene- ous. Akin. Together. Equally. Ajjt. Unlike. Hetorof^eneous. Dis- similar. Apart. Variously. Differently. Unequally. Aliment, n. Alere, alimentum, to rwurish. Is used of whatever tends to promote growth in plants or animals. SiTf. Food. Sustentation. Nutriment Ant. Poison. Bane. Venom. Starva- tion. Exhaustion. Altvk, adj. A and life. Germ. khen. Possessing life, or full of life. S™. Quick. Living. Breathing. Warm. Lively. Vivacious. Alert. Brisk. Ani- raated- Ant. Dead. Departed. Cold. Lifeless. Defunct. Inanimate. Dispirited. DulL All, adj. Saxon. Expresses cojnpleteness of number, extent, quantity, or duration. It pre- cedes the definite article, while the synonyms follow it. Syk. Whole. Entire. Complete. TotaL AfiT.4[prec&ling). Some. Part Axlat, v. ir. Sax. alecgan, to My down. To diminish or abate ; but by use to diminish in force especially. It is used of bodily pain and mental excitement, and of forces and feelings generally, so far as they are amenable to man's control. It may be total or partial. When used of metals it is a confusion with alloy, which has a totally distinct derivation. Syn. Soothe. Alleviate. Repress. Miti- gate. Quiet Moderate. Appease. Com- pose. Soften. Pacify. Ant. Excite. Rouse. Aggravate. Stir Kindle. Fan. Impassion. Provoke. In cite. Allege, v, tr. Ad legate, to send or depute. To send or put forth as an authoritative state- ment ; hence, as adding strength, to adduce the authority of an- other. Syn. Declare. Affirm. Assert. As». severate. Depose. Plead. Cite. Quote. Assign. Advance. Ant. Contradict. Gainsay. Refute. Deny. Disprove. Neutralize. Quash. RepeL Allegiance, n. AUigantia, ad and ligare, to hind. That which binds a subject to his king or superior in the state ; used also for the personal feeling or recognition of it. Syh. Subjection. Obedience. Loyalty. Fealty. Homage. Ant. Disloyalty. Rebellion. Resistance. Disaffection. Molcontentment. Treason. Allegory, n. Gr. oXXos, and ayooeuoJ, / apeak. Syn. Parable. Metaphor. Fable. Illus. tration. Image. For the differences, see the words in locis. The allegory is a form of di- dactic speech, in which the pro- perties of one subject are, for tha sake of illustration, transferred to another. A»t. History. Fact Narrative. Alleviate, v. tr. Ad and levis, light. To make light, or lighter. It is not used literally, or of things physical, but metaphori- cally of things which weigh upon 24 Synonyms and Antonyms. the mind, as care, sorrow, grief, &c. We speak, however, of al- leviating paiQ, penalty, and pun- ishment. SrN. Lighten. Lessen, Mitigate. Soothe. Assuage. Moderate. Relieve. Remit. Diminish, Ant. Aggravate, Enhance, Embitter. Augment Increase. Allianoe, n. AUigantia, ad Ugare, to bind. An aUianoe is a voluntary compact, binding persons or Communities. The allianoe of states is either offensive, defen- sive, or both; with individuals it means friendship or marriage- relationship. Stn. Compact. Treaty, Union. Co- operation. Coalition. Confederation. Friend- ship. Relationship. Ant. Disunion. Enmity. Divorce. Dis- card. Disruption, Antagonism, Estrange- ment Hostility, Separation, Allot, v. tr. Ff, lot, a lot or shire. To assign a lot or to dis- tribute lots. Sin, Assign, Grant Award. Give,. Distribute, Apportion, Deal. Dispense. An-t. Withliold. Refuse. Retain. Ap- propriate, Resume, Mlaapportion, Misdeal. Allotment, n. See Allot. Stn. Piece, Parcel, Award, Assign- ment, Apportionment, Ant, Malappropriation. Seizure, En- croachment. Allow, v. tr. Tr. aUouer, from allocare, or aZlaudare. Tirst, to make a deduction, as upon an ac- count ; hence, to grant or give in a stated manner or periodically ; hence, again, to grant the claim of a thing on the ground of truth, justice, reason, or equity ; and, finally, to concede for rea- sons best known to one's self. Stn. Apportion. Allot Assign. Afford. Concede. Grant. Remit Recognize. Ac- knowledge. Avow. Confess. Admit. Permit Suffer. Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Resume. Refuse. Deny. Disallow. Repudiate. Pro- teat Withstand. Resist, Disapprove. Bsject Allowance, n. See AUow. Allot, n. A and Fr. loi, (he law. Alloy is the debasement of metal to that standard which the law allows. The word is not to be confounded either with allow or allay, inasmuch as all come from different roots. In time, the notion of legal debasement of value was lost sight of, and the word is now taken metaphori- cally for the abatement of things pleasurable or good. Stn. Admixture. Deterioration. Adul- teration. Drawback, Diminution, Decre- ment Impairment Debasement Depre- ciation, Disparagement, Ant, Purity, Genuineness, Enhance- ment Integrity. Alloyed. See Alloy. Stn, Mixed, Deteriorated, Impaired. Diminished. Adulterated. Ant. Pure. Absolute. Perfect Com« plete. Genuine. Unmixed. Undeteriorated, Unimpaired, Undiminished, Unadulterated. Enhanced, Allude, v. int. Ad and IvAere, to sport. To allude is to make such a reference to a subject as does not straightly refer to, but, as it were, plays about it, and is not speciiic but suggestive. It is followed by the prep. to. Syn, Refer, Point Indicate, Suggest Hint Signify, Insinuate, .A.nt, Specify, Demonstrate. Declare, Mention, State, Allure, v. tr. Lure with the sense of bait. To lead on by the enticement of a bait. SVn. Entice, Tempt Seduce, Attract Ci^jo^e, Ant, Alarm, Deter, Terrify, Scare. Warn, Allurement, n. See Allure. Allusion, n. See Allude. Svn. Reference. Insinuation, Ant, Specification, Iiemoustn.tioii. M«n- I tion. Synonyms and Antonyms, * Ally, w. See Alliaaice. Syn. Friend. Companion. Snpporter. AMer. Abettor. Accomplice. Accessory. Colleague. Coadjutor. Akt. Foe. Enemy. Opponent. Adver- sary. BafQer. Counteraclior, Antagonist. Aloof, adv. Either all off, or, for aloft, from Germ, luftj the air. It is applied not to altitude but to distaice more commonly. Syn. Apart. Away. Separately. Akt. Close. Near. Together. Aloud, ado. A and loud. SvN. Audibly. Loudly. Sitnorously. Vociferously. Clamorously, Obstrepe.r- ously. Ant. Softly. Silently. Xnaudibly. Sup- pressed ly. Altek, V. tr. AUerare, to sub- stitute. Also to change, that is, to take another, or to make other- wise. Syn. Substitute. Change. Modify. Ex- change. Vary. Diversify. AsT. Retain. Perpetuate. Conserve. Stereotype. Arrest. Solidify. Stabilitate. Alterable, adf. See above. Syn. Variable. Mutable. Changeable. Moveable. Revocable. AsT. Invariable. Immutable, tJnchanKe- able. Permanen t. Fixed. Perpetual. Un- alterable. Immovable. Alteration, n. See Alter. Syn. Variation. Difference. Diversiflca- tion. Modification. Chunge. Permutation. Akt. Retention. Perpetuation. Conser- vation. Changelessness. Stabilitation. Iden- tity, Fixity. Permanence. Altercation, /*. Same root as Alter. Mutual expressions of as- perity, or argument so conducted. Syn. Dispute, Wrangle. ContentiouB. Quarrel. Ant. Unanimity. Concord. Agreement. Compromise. Eeconcillation. Consonance. Conversation. Harmony. Alternative, n. Same root. Syn. Choice. Resource. Op i ion. AxT. Compulsion. Fix. Quandary. Altiloquenob, w. AUus, high, hguif to speak. Syn. Bombast. Turgidity. Inflatedness. Kuphuism. Magniloquence. Ant. Plain -spokenness. Veriacular. Mother-tongue. 25 Altitude, n. Same root. Mea- sured height. SvN. Height. Tallness. Verticality. Ascent. Loftiness. Akt. Lowness. Depression. Descent. Declination. Depth. Altogether, adv. All to gather. Syn. Collectively. Combined. In one. Completely. Ant. Separately. Individually. Partially, Amalgamate, v. tr. MaXay/ia. Any moist, ductile or viscous compoimd, as an emollient plas- ter. Amalgam is the compound of quicksilver with other metals, Syn. Fuse. Mix. Commix. Con::- pound. Unite. Incorporate. Consolidate. Ant. Separate. Disintegrate. Disunite. Decompose. Dissipate. Detach. Disperse. Analyze. Amalgamation. See Amalga- mate. AmAss, v. tr. Massa, lump es- pecially of molten metal. Syn. Collect. Accumulate. Heap. Ag- gregate. Ant. Divide. Dissipate. Waste, Scatter. Dispei-se. Parcel. Portion. Spend, Amazement, n. Maze or laby- rinth. Expresses the combina- tion of surprise and difficulty, usually accompanied with fear. But compare also Fr. s^esmaier, Syn. Astonishment. Bewilderment, Bur- prise. Stupefaction. Marvel. Ant, Expectation. Preparation, Anti- cipation. Familiarity. Calmness. Compo- sure, Coolness. Self-possession. Amazing, adj. See above. Syn. Astounding. Astonishing. Be- wildering. Marvellous. Prodigious. Por- tentous. Ominous, Striking. Ant. Common. Ordinary. Familiar Trivial. Commonplace. Customary. Fre- quent. UsuaL Ambagiotts, adj. Ambages, amJ for amhiy and agere, to tre-xt 09 drive. To twist about. Syn. Tortuous, Indirect. Anftactuona Circumlocutory, Periphrastic. Circuitona Ambiguous. Unirtelligible. Fointiras. Dia- jointed. 26 Synonymi and An'prj, a shape or form. The word is technically used of the elements of crystals which have not developed into shape and angularity ; but it is gaining a more and more extensive cur- rency, in the sense of floating, or not yet compacted into a set- tled shape. SvN. Shapeless. Unformed. Incompact. Inchoate. Incomplete. Unordered, Unar- ranged. Floating. Unmoulded. Kalant. Discurrent. Ant. Systematized. Arranged. Com- pact, Fmishcd. Shapely, Crystallized. Developed. Stereotyped. Moulded. Amyus.1,v.irit. Vr. Amonter,ad montem. To reach the apex or culminating point, or a certain point or degree. Syn. Reach. Rise. Come. Attain. Extend. Ant. Fail. Recede. Relapse. Fall, Dechne. Amount, v. Syk. Total. i3um. Aggregate. Whole. Quantity. Totality. Equality. Ant. Failure. Decrease. Deficiency. Portion. Instalment. Deficit. lnsufficien<7. Ample, adj. Amplus,full. The word primarily expresses fulness of superficial, though not necessarily plane extent, as ample space ; the ample folds of a robe. In usage it expresses such a fulness as satisfies re- quirement or need. Syk. Large. Bountiful. Liberal. Suf- ficient. Plentifijl. Abundant. Ant. Narrow. Niggardly. Stingy. In- sufficient. Scanty. Mean. Stint. Bare. Amplification, ra. See Am- plify- Amplify, v. tr. See Amp1& To make ample. 28 Synonyms and Antonyms. I'he word is commonly applied to the augmentation of resources and the enlargement of some literary subject or argument. SvN. Enrich. Enlarge. Extend. In- ireflse. Augment. Multiply. Dilate. lilxpa- tiate. Expand. Discuss. Unfold. Akt. Retrench. Amputate. Curtail. (Condense. Abbreviate. Epitomize. Gather. Collect. Sum. Amplitude, n. See Ample. Amputate, v. tr. Am for amb, and /jutrtre, to prune. SvN. Prune. Lop. Curtail Clip. Re- move. Ant. Extend. Enlarge. Angflaent. Klongate. Amplify. Train. Trail. Deve- lop. Produce. Analogy, n. ava, to, and \6yos, a relation. Analogy is of three kinds, according to the number of re- lated terms. Thus, 1, there is an analogy between A and B— this commonly means resemblance, a community of character or cir- cumstance. 2, As A is to B so is C — in this case analogy is equality of relationship. 3, As A is to B, so is to D. In this case it is equality of proportion. SrN. Relation. Resemblance. Propor- tion. Similarity. Coincidence. Affinity. Ant. Disproportion. Dissimilarity. Dis- harmony. Irreliitiveness. Heterogeneous- ness. Incongruity. Inaffinity. Analysis, n. ava and \vm, to loose. The resolution into parts of anything which is regarded as a whole — that is, a physical or metaphysical whole. SyN. Dissection. Separation. Segrega- tion. Anatomy. Decomposition. Resolu- tion. Paititiiin. Ant. Composition, Synthesis. Aggre- gation. Combination. Coalition. Coherence. Amalgamation. Anarchy, n. a not, apxr) the principle of government. The failure of political power or au- thority, and its consequence, civil oocfusJon. S™. Disorder. Tnmnlt Ketoinoo Riot. Miagovernment. InsuboTjiuatiou. Ant, Order. Subjection. Government Organization. ControL Law. Anatomy, n. ava to, or up, and TeV"". J "M*. The resolution of an organized substance into its structural constituents; em- ployed also metaphorically as the anatomy of a discourse. Syn. Dissection. Division. Segregation. Analysis. Dismemberment. Resolution. AsT. Synthesis. Collocation. Organiza- tion. Union. Construction. Structure. Form. Uody. Ancient, adj. Fr. ancien. Low Latin, anteanus, one who is before, of old. (Not to be confounded with ancient, meaning ensign, of which the derivation is insigne.') In common parlance ancient is used of that of which the cha- racter impresses us with anti- quity. As an ancient family; the ancient world. SrN. Old. Aged. Primeval. Primor- dial. Immemoriul. Time-honoured. Ant. New. Young. Modem. Juve- nile. Upstart. Fresh. Parvenu. Ancillary, adj. Ancilla, a handmaid. Syn. Assistant. Subservient. Promo- tive. Auxiliary Accessory. Conducive. Available. UsefuL Applicable. Ant. Insubservient. R«>dundant Ina|H proprlate Irrelevant. Alien. Inoperative. Unconducive. Advei-se. Obstructive. Im- pertinent. Counteractive. Preventative. Anew, adv. A and new. Syn. Afresh. Again. Repeatedly. Ant. Of old. Continuously. Uninter- ruptedly. Anfractuosity, n. An for ambi, and frangere, fractus, to break. The quality of being brolren off short, or about, so as to produce the effect of needless coignes or angles. It is used me- taphorically of style of speech. Syn. Ambagiousness. Angularity. Tor tuousness. Ambiguity. Clrciimlocutioa Di^ointedness. Abt. Straigliifoiwardness. Dircctne» Synonyms and Antonyms, 29 Simplicity, Unmistakableness, Fointeduess. Fluency. Lucidity. Smooth- ness. Angblio, adj. ayyeKos, an lieavenly messenger. Suggestive of the character of angels, or theii state. Syn. Pure, Ethereal. Spiritual. Lovely. Heavenly. Seraphic. Rapiurous. Divine. Ant. Foul. Hideous. Deemoniacal. Dia- bolical. Hellish. Fiendish. Anger, n. Lat. angor. Is a tight compression, especially of tiie throat. So the phrase, "choking with rage." Gr. ayx^"', to squeeze. Stn. Wrath. Ire. Resentment. Indig- nation. Bage. Animosity. Fury. Choler. Akt. Peace. Peacefuliiess, Peaceable- ness. Appeasement. Forgiveness. Patience. Forbearance. Goodwill. Reconciliation. Conciliatoriness. Mildness. Angky, arif. See Anger. Stn. Wrathful Irate. Eesentful. In- dignant. Passionate. AsT. Peaceful Forgiving. Forbearing. Calm. Good-tempered. Unresentful. Anguish, n. See Anger. Ex- treme pain of body or mind. Syn. Torture. Excruciation. Agony. Torment. AST. Ease. Pleasure. Enjoyment. Ec- stasy. Rapture. Relief. Assuagement. Solace. Comfort. Aotmadvbesion, n. Animum advertere, to turn the mind or at- tention; but by usage the doing BO for purposes of censure. Stk. Censure. Blame. Disapproval. Re- buke. AsT. Praise. Approval. Encourage- ment. Eulogy. Animate, v. tr. Animus, the mind or soul ; anima, the principle of life. Animation is the having hfe, or the having it emphatically and demonstratively. Syn. Enliven. Inspirit. Instigate. Prompt. Incite. Stimulate. Slir. Am. Dishearten. Deter. Depress. Cow. Stifle. Damp. Deaden. Discourage. Animated, adj. See Animate. Eefers to a state which maybe occasional or habitual. Stn. Roused. Ejccited. Enlivened. StiiTed. Vivacious. Lively. Brisk. Ant. Sluggish. Indolent. Indifferent. Dull. Languid. Flat Tame. Animation, n. See Animate. Syn. Life. Liveliness. Vivacity. Cheer- fulness. Briskness. Alacrity. Activity, Alertness. Ant. Expiration. Spiritlessness, Dul- ness. Dolelulness. Deadness. Stolidity. Inertness. Animosity, n. Animosus in Latin meant full of vigour or courage; but in English ani- mosity is energetic dislike of persons. It is not so transient and violent as rage or anger, but of a more enduring character, and is, therefore, pertinent not only to individuals, as objects of dislike, but to cases in which energetic causes of disaffection exist, with little probability of removal, such as religion, race, or protracted hostilities. Stn. Hatred. Antipathy. Dissension. Aversion. Acrimony. Feud. Strife. Acer- bity. Bitterness. Hostility. Ant. Congeniality. Companionship. Friendship. Sympathy. Fellow-feeling. Unanimity. Harmony. Concord. Alliance. Regard. Kindliness. Annam, n. Libri annalen annus. Yearly records. Used also for consecutive or philo- sophical history, to which strictly annals are precedent. It is a rhetorical expression to speak of history as annals. Syn. Chronicles. Records. Memorials. History. Archives. Akt. Tradition. Legend. Lays. Ro- matice. Amjbx, V. tr. Ad and nedere, to knit. Stn. Add. Attach. Append. Unite. Fasten. Affix. Ant. Withdraw. Detach. Disconnect. Separate. Disengage. Disunite. Remove. Annihilate, v. tr. Ad and nihil, nothing. To make a thing be as if it had never been (so fai 30 Synonyms and Antonyms. as this may be possible), to bring utterly to an end. SvN. Abolish. Destroy. Extinguish. Obliterit*. Efface. Akt, Keep. Conserve, Preserve. Foster. Tend. Protest. Cherish. Developp. Culti- vatu. Augment. Stabilitate. Perpetuate. Annotation, n. Annotare, nota, a mark. To set a mark against, for the purpose of ob- servation and critical explana- tion. Stn. Explanation, Criticism. Elucida- tion. Observation. Conitnent. Ant. Statement. Assertion. Proposi- tion. Narrative. Text. Announce, v. tr. Annuntiare, nuntius, a messenger. To pro- claim a thing publicly ; if to an individual, a character of im- portance if not publicity, still attaches to the tidings. SyN. Declare. Propound. Reveal. Herald. Proclaim. Promulge. lu limate. Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Withhold. Hush. Burlcc. Stifle. Shroud. Bury. Annoy, v. tr. Low Lat. inodi- are, to hurt, odium. Fr. ennui. To hurt by continuous offensiveness, as distinguished from violent or momentary infliction of pain. Stn. Tease. Vex. Irritate. Affront. Disturb. Molest. Pain. Disquiet. Harass. Trouble. Inconvenience. Ant. Soothe. Conciliate. Appease. Quiet. Accommodate. Study. B%ard, Tend, Foster. Cherish. Smooth. Gratify. Annoyance, n. See Annoy. Annul. Ad and nullus. To make so that none shall be at- fected. Said peculiarly of laws, edicts, rights, and customs. Stn. Cancel. Obliterate, Abrogate. Abolish. Extinguish. Ant. Foster. Protect. Conserve, Main- tain, Confirm, Enact, Ke>enact. Insti- tute. Establish. Anomalous, adj. See Anomaly. A NOMALY, n. d, not, and SfiaXos, regular. Syk. Irregularity. Exception. Abnor- mity. Informality. PecuUarliy. Eccen- tricity. Ant. Illustration. liemplificatloii Specimen. Anon, adv. Saxon. In one. In one moment. Syk. Soon. Shortly. Presently. Akt. Hereafter. Anonymous, adj. d not, and opofia , a name. Syv. Nameless. Authorless. Unattested. Unauthentlcated, Unideiiiifled- Ant, Authenticated, Attested. Signed. Authorized. Verified. Identified- Answer, n. Germ, antwort. A word set against another. It would depend upon circum- stances whether it was so set merely in reply, or in argumen- tative or hostile contradiction, or an account before the law or a superior. Stm. Reply. Response. Counter-argu- ment. Confutation. Acceptance (as of a challenge). Tally. Solution. Counterpart. Vindication. Apology. Defence. Excul- paiiun. Ant, Challenge, Question, Defiance. Summons. Interrogation. Query. Answerable, adj. Liable to give answer in the sense of ac- count, and also having suitable- ness or correspondence. Stn. Liable. Amenable. Accountable. Responsible. Agreeing. Correspondent. Akt. Independent. Unanswerable. Ir- responsible. Different. Unsuitable. Dis- agreeing. Dissimilar. AjfiAGONiSM, n. See Antago- nist. Syn, Hostility. Opposition, Enmity. Ant, Amity. Alliance. Association. Antagonist, n. dvri and dya>v, the contest of the Greek games, especially wrestling. The antagonist is, primarily, one pitted against another for the purpose of testing theii- re- spective skill and strength. It has passed, this peculiarity being dropped, into the general sense of opposition. SvK. Adversaiy. Opponent. Foe Enemy, Synonyms and Antonyms. 31 Ant. Alder. Abettor. Accomplice. Ac- cessory. Ally. Antkoedence, n. Ante, before, and cedere, to go. In usage, antecedence is any going before, in order of time, place, thought, or grammatical expression; but not of worth, dignity, or honour, ■which is ex- pressed by precedence. Syn. Anteriority. Priority, Precursor- ship. Premonition. Preparation. Pre-ex- isteuce. Introduction. Ant. Posteriority. Subsf-quence. Suc- cession. Sequel. Supervention. Conse^ quence. Anteokdknt, adj. See Ante- cedence. Antkrioe, ad). Same root. Ante, anterior. Like antecedent, applies to priority in time, place, and idea. Syn Prior. Antecedent Precursive. - Precedent. Earlier. Introductory. Pre- liminary. Former. Ant. Posterior. Later. Subsequent. Consequent. Succeeding. ASTICIPATE, V. tr. Ante, before, and capere, to take. To take in the mind before the right time, which is to treat prema- turely ; to take it in reference to its appointed time of coming, which is to expect ; also to take thought beforehand, for the pur- pose of prevention. Syn. ForestaL Expect. Apprehend. Prepare. Prearrange. Meet. Prevent 01)- viate. Intercept. Ant. Remember. Eecollect Kecall. Kemedy. Undo. Cure. Misapprehend. Anticipation. See Antici- pate. Syn. Forestalment Prevention. Expect- ation. Awaiting. Foresight. Forecast Provision. Ant. Surprise. Unpreparednefis. Unex- pectedness. Antipatht, n. dvA, agaiiist, and irddos, feeling. A natural, often unexplainable, feeling of^ dislike to another. I SrN. Repugnance. Dislike. Uncon- genialiry. Abhorrence. Ant. Sympathy. Kindliness. Con- geniality. Kellow-teeling. Affinity. Har- mony. Antiquated, adj. See An- tique. Syn. Old-fashioned. Bygone, Obsolete. Quaint. Ant, Fasbionable. Modish. Stylish. Modern, Antique, adj. Antiquus, an- cient. As ancient is that which gives the impression, as well as pos- sesses the nature, of antiquity (as, the ancient world, an ancient family), so antique is that which is artistically old, as antiquated is socially old or out of date. SvN, Archaic, Ancient, Anc@tral, Ant. Modern. New-fangled. Anxiety, n. See Anger. A wearisome anticipation of things to come, or the issues of present things. Syn. Care. Trouble. Eagerness, Ap- prehension. Diffidence, Solicitude, Care- lulness. Misgiving, Ant. Carelessness. Ease. Contentment Acquiescence, Confidence. Coiitentedness, Apathy, Light-heariedness. Nc-2cllalance Anxious, adj. See Anxiety. Apace, adv. Pace. Passvs. A step or interval between the raising and planting of the same foot in walking, Syn, Eapidly, Fast Eagerly. Astride, Ahead, Expeditiously, Speedily. Ant. Slowly, Imperceptibly. Leisurely, Creeplngly, CrawUngly, Sluggishly Tardily. ApAKT, adv. A and partiri, pars, to separate. Syn, Aloof, Away, Separate, Asunder Akt. Close. Together. United. Apathy, n. a, not, and naBos, feeling. Used not of physical things, which is expressed by insensibility. SvN. Indllfi-rence. Insensibility. lB!j>- ceptlbiilty. Hebetude. SluggtshncSB. 32 Synonyms and Antonyms. Ant. Anxiety, Care. Eagerness. Iii- terestedness. Sensibility. Susceptibility. Sensitiveness. Irritability. Curiosity. Aphorism, n. ano and opl^eiv, to bound. Comp. Horizon. A sharply-deflning sentence or pro- verb of law or morals, not of physics or mathematics. Sin. Adage. Proverb. Maxim. Apo- thegm. Staying. Akt. Lecture. Exhortation. Disserta- tion. Disquisition. Apiecb, adv. A and piece. Syn. Disiributively. Individually. Sever- ally. Separately. Analytically. Ant. Coileetivcly. Together. Indis- criminately. Confusedly. Accumulatively. Synthetically. Apocalypse, n. dn-o and ko- Xinreiv, to take away tliat which hides. SrN. Kevelation. Disclosure. Unveiling. Exposure. Manifestation. Exhibition. Di- vestment. Ant. Concealment.. Suppression. Veil- ing. Shrouding. Obscuration. Eclipse Envelopment. ApoOBYPHAL, adj. awoKpvTVTeiv, to conceal. That of which the origin, authorship, authority, or authenticity, is unknown. Syn. Obscure. Doubtful. Unauthorized. {Jnauthentic. Spurious. Unauthenticated. (Jnverified. Ant. Palpable. Accepted. Authorized. Authentic. Genuine. Current. Undisputed. Verified. AttestecL Apologue, n. dirb, frrnn or forth, and Xdyos, a speech. Is the Greek word for the Latin fable, though in its formation it corre- sponds more exactly with ■pio- verbium. Stn. Fable. Fiction. Parable. Ans Precept. History. Narrative. Apology, n. Same derivation, but differently applied. An apology is a speech put forth : this is the essence of the word. But for what purpo.se? This is contingent. It may be, I, generally in defence ; or, 2, in particular defence of one's own conduct or opinions; or, 3, in acknowledging inadvertency or wrong shown by one's self to some other. Syn. Defence. Justification. Vindica- tion. Acknowledgment Confession. Ant. Charge. Imputation. Offence. Incrimination. Impeachment. Accusation. Wrong. Insult, lulury. Apothegm, n. So now spelt Strictly apophthegm, ano, forth, and (ftdeyfia, a saying. The Greek of the Latin proverbium. A con- densed expression of wisdom or experience. Syn. Proverb. Dictum. Maxim- Saw. Saying. Adage. Ant. (as not so condensed). Exhortation. Sermon. Discourse. Disquisition. Exhort- ation. Appal, 'n. tr. Appallescere, to grow pale ( with fear). Comp. Eng. jMile ;_ or, to cause to pall or fail. Syn. Affright Alarm. Terrify. Scare. Horrify. Dismay. Astound. Ant. Encourage. Rally. Assure. Re- assure. Embolden. AppABBL, n. Suitable cover- ing or clothes fitting to the per- son. From par, equal, dim. pari- culus, or apparrire, to prepare. SrN. Clothes. Robes. Vesture. Vest- ments. Raiment Garnitm^. Trappiogi Housings. Caparison. Ant. Nudity. Disinvestiture. Deshabille. Tatters. Rags. Apparent, adf. Appareo, I appear. Appearing plainly or appearing probably. In usage it is equally divided between the palpable and the questionable. The adverb apparently admits the sense of questionableness yet more strongly. Si-N. Obvious. Plain Conspicuous. Un- mistakable. Clear. Probable. Seeming Presumable. Likely. Patent. Ostensible. Ant. Uncertain. Dubious. lnapp.irent Inccnsplcaous. V'nute. Unobservibl.v Im- probable. Insupposable. Hidden. Real. AppkaIi, V. int. Appellare. 1. To Synonyms aid Antonyms. speak in request or entreaty to another. Used with the prep, to, as, invoking aid or interference. Stn. Accost. Address. Apostrophize. Invite. Cite. Invoke. Urge. Entreat. Request Resort. AsT. Deprecate. Repudiate. Protest. Disavow. Disclaim. Defy. Abjure, Appearance, n. See Apparent. The presentation of an object to the eye; the object so repre- sented; its general character, and the ideas or indications which it may suggest, as in the phrases : ' he made his appear- ance ;' ' his personal appearance ;' ' an ugly appearance ;' ' to all ap- pearance.' Stn. Advent Apparition. Manifesta- tion. Probability. Aspect Likeliliood. Presumption. Akt. Departure. Disappearance. Non- appearance. Concealment Unlikelihood. Evanition. Appease, v. tr. Appaiser, !Fr. paix, Lat. pax, peace. It is applied to the abatement of the wants or passions of men. SrN. Pacify. Assuage. Mitigate. Mo- derate. Satirfy. Stay. Allay. Soften. Ant. Excite. Provoke. Aggravate. In- flame. Exasperate. Embitter. Incense. Intensify. Stimulate. Kindle. Appellation, n. See Appeal. The name by which a person or object is addressed or called. Srw. Name. Patronymic. Designation. Title. Denomination. Term. AsT. Namelessuess. Non-description. Auonymousness. Append, Appendage, Appen- dix. Appendere. To hang one thing on to another. To fasten, as by a string ; hence, to add as an appendage. Appendix, for the sake of distinction, is used for the appendage, supplement, or index of a book. Sra, to verb. AfBx. Supplement Sub- join. Attach. Adt. Separate, DiscngJige. Detach. Difcoonect. Stn. to nown. Addition. Annexation Adjunct. Supplement. Ant. Subtracrion. Disconnection. De- tachment Separation. Di^unction. Diwi slon. Incorporation. Amalgamation. Appetite, n. Ad and peterc to seek. Propensity of nature. Syn. Passion. Desire. Propensity. Pro- clivity. Inclination. Propenslon. Want. Craving. Dispositio-l Tendency. Prone- ness. Ant. Repugnance. Aversion. Anti- pathy. Loathing. Indifference. Apathy Applaud, v. tr. Ad and plau- dere, to clap the hands. To praise, but on the pure ground of ap- proval. So we applaud acts, words, sentiments, performances, motives — in short, things good; not the aristocratic, the power- ful, or the beautiful. Stn. I^ud. Praise. Approve. En- courage. Cheer. Ant. Disapprove. Denounce. Censure. Decry. Execrate. Applause, n. See Applaud. Stn. Praise. Laudation. Acclamation. Eulogy. Approval. Ant, Obloquy. Condemnation. Denun- ciation. Dissatisfaction. Censure. Con- tempt. Blame. Vituperation. Sibllation. Appliance, n. See Apply, Stn. Contrivance. Arrangement Means, Mechanism. Agency. Ant. Spontaneity. Growth. Production. Evolution. Development Applicable, adj. See Apply. Stn. Available. Useful. Convenient. Appropriate. Pertinent. Conducive. An- cillary. Ant. Useless. Unavailable. Incontlu- cive. Inapplicable. Irrelevant. Application, n. See Apply and Diligence. Apply, v. To fold upon. Ad pKcare. Comp. Ply and Display, which is to unfold. Employ to enfold upon one's own purpose. To adduce, in the most broad and generic sense, with a purely physical or moral object, as, to apply a blister, or a sum of money to a charitable purpose, 34 Synonyms and Antonyn.s. or evidence to a case, or one's self to study. It is used also in- transitively, as in the sense of making application, or showing it in the sense of diligence. Ap- pliance is used for contrivance or mechanical application; and applicable, in the sense of suit- able. DYN. To Apply. Adduce. Use. Employ. Devote. Exercise. Apportion. Direct. Amt. Disuse. Divorce. Discard. Super- sede. Alienate. Remove. Misapply. Mis- direct. Divert. Misappropriate. Misem- ploy. Appoint, v. tr. Ad puncium ducere, to bring to a point. A point of order, so to estabhsh ; of office, so to instal ; of agreement, so to fix ; of use or preparation, so to furnish. Syn. Fix. Determine. Instal. Institute. Apportion. Apply. Employ. Designate. Assign. Intrust. Invest. Ordain. Ar- range. ANT. Ileverse. Cancel. Recall. Re- serve. Withdraw. Withhold. Retain. DUrtpend. Undo. Disarrange. Disappoint. AppoETION, V. tr. Purtio, por- tionare. To distribute according to proportion to one or more. SiN. Assign. Deal. Grant. Dispense. Adminisier, Distribute. Appoint. Ant. Reserve. Retain. Refuse. With- hold. Assume. Resume. CauceL Suspend. Divert. Reapportiou. Reappoint, Apportionment, n. See Ap- portion. Apposite, acZ/. Ad a,nd. ponere, positus, placed. Well suited or set. SyN. Suitable. Appropriate. Timely. Congruous. Consistent. Pertinent. Fit. Ant. Untimely. Irrelevant. Imperti- nent. Unfitting. Mistimed. Misplaced. Jiifl-spoken. Inappropriate. Misjudged. Appraise, v. tr. Appretiare, pretium. To set a value upon. Sometimes written apprize, which tends to confusion with another •word of diiferent derivation and maam'ug. to apprise, Fr. u2j- prerare, to iiiform. Sto. Value. Survey. Estimate. Prica Ant. Undervalue. Discard. Condemn. Brand. Misappreciate. Misestimate. Appreciate, v. tr. Same de- rivation as appraise ; but mean- ing to set not a value simply, but such a value as one is bound in reason to recognize. Syn. Esteem. Recognize. Acknowledge. Respect. Value. Ant. Undervalue. Misconceive. Mis- Judge. Ignore. Misappreciate. AppRKHBND, V. tr. Ad and prehendo, I grasp in the liands. In this sense it is now con- fined to the legal arrest of per- sons. To grasp with the mind, as a matter of understanding, beMef, or anticipation, and es- pecially of coming danger. Sra. Comprehend. Understand. Expert. Fear. Conceive. Anticipate. Presume. Conjecture. Ant. Ignore. Miss. Lose. Misconceive Misapprehend. Misconjecture. Misantici- pate. Apprehension, n. See Ap- prehend. Apprize, v. tr. Fr. apprendre. See Apprehend. To grasp. Ee- flexively, to cause anotiier to grasp or know a thing. Syn. Inform. Advise. Advertise. Ac- quaint. Etilighten, Ant. Hoodwink. Mystify. Deceive Mislead. Approach, n. Fr. proche, Lat. prope, near. Used for the state, the act, and the way, of ap- proaching. Syn. Access. Adit. Avenue. Entrance. Vestibule. Arrival. Advent, Approxima- tion. Nearing. Appropinquatlon. Simi- larity. Ant. Exit. Egress. Debouchure. Out let. Departure. Recession. Distance. 1)1. versity. Disparity. Approbation, n. Approbare, to ■pi ove, or approve. Syn. Approval, Praise. Satisfactioa. Encouragement. Confirmation. AocepUcca Synonyms and Antonyms. 35 __ AsT. Disapproval. Censure. Blame, Ksaatisfaction. Biscouragem'-nt. Repu- diation. Protest. Denial. Refusal. Dis- i^imer. Disavowal. Disparity. Dissimilarity. AppROxniATE, V. int. Frox- imua, very near. To come close, in fact, appearance, character, signification. Syn. Approach. Border. Abut. Re- semble. Near. Trench. Ant. Separate. Differ. Vary. Diverge. Recede. Deviate. Appurtenant, arfj. Ad and jertinen^j to h<-loitii. Syx. Belonging. Connected. Appro- pria ce. Appended. Attached. Co-ordinate. Concomitant. Homogeneous. Abt. Unconnected. Disconnected. In- opprupriate. Detached. Isolated. Incon- (^uus. Unallled. Unrelated. Independent. Heterogeneous. Apt, adj. AptuSj fit. By na- ture or contrivance. Sra. Fit. Apposite. Clever. Liable. Likely. A ST. Unfitted. Ill-timed. Awkward. Unlikely. Inapt. Aptitude, n. See Apt. Syn. Fitness. Suitableness. LiabiUty. Readiness. Quickness. Cleverness. Sus- ceptibility. Tendency. Proneness. AxT. Unfitness. Unsultableness. Insus- ceptibility. Slowness. Stupidity. Awk- wardness. Unreadiness. Arbiter, n . Same word in Lat. Arbiter is much the same as moderator or director. Arbitra- tor is one called in to settle spe- cific disputes or differences. SvN. Arbitrator. Judge. Umpire. Mo- derator. Director. Referee. Ant. Appellant Claimant. Disputant. Litigant. Arbitrary, adj. ^See Arbiter. Used of a tendency to abuse the possession of power. So harsh and imforbearing. Syn. Tyrannical. Despotic. Harsh. Dlc- tatoriaL Imperious. Unforbearing. Over- bearing. Selfish. Irresponsible. Ant. Mild. Modest. Lenient. Consi- derate. Obliging. Limited. Constitutional. Equitable. Abbztbate, V, int, and tr» See Arbiter. Si"N. Settle. Afljnst. Decide. Compose Deti-rmiue. Accommodate. Adjudicate. Ant. Dispute. Claim. Appeal. Liti- gate. Contend. Mi^udge. Misdetermine. Archaic, dp^aiKosj ancient. See Ancient. Ardent, adj. Ardere, to burn, Syn. Lunging. Passionate. Warm. Eager. Fervent. Excited. Fierv. Ant. Ci'ol. Cold. Indifferent. Apa- thetic. Dispassioned. Passionless. Unim- passioned. Phlegmatic. Platonic. Ardour, /c See Ardent. Arduous, adj. Arduus, steep, lofty, or difficult of access. Used metaphorically of difficult under- takings. Syn. Difficult. Hard. Onerous. La- borious. Steep. Precipitous. Lolty. Ant. Easy. Practicable. Unlaborious. Light. Trivial. Argue, v. int. Argitere, to treat by reason. It is sometimes used in the active sense of to prove ; as, ' such conduct argues weakness.' SiTf. Discuss. Debate. Question. Prove. Evidence. Establish. Imply. Sift. Dis- pute. Persuade. Ant. Dictate. Assert. Propound. Command. Argument. See Argue. Arid, adj. Aridus. Syn. Dry. Parched. Sterile. Unpro- ductive. Ant. Moist. Dewy. Watered. Fertile, Luxuriant. Exuberant. Verdant, Bloom- ing. Productive. Aright, adv. According to the right way. Rectas, straight. Applied physically and morally. Syn. Right. Well. Rightly. Truly. Correctly. Properly. Uprightly. Unex- ceptiouably. Ant. Wrongly. Awry, Incorrectly. Im- properly, Defectively. Erroneously. Arm, V. tr. Lat. ArmUj arms, implements. Syn. Equip. Gird. Accoutre. Array. Jlst. Disarm. Ungird. Disarray. Divest. Around, adv. ajadprep. A and round. From Lat. rotundus, rota^ a wheel. Comp. Eotund. Syn. About Environing. Encir^Ung. Ant. WitJ^in. Amid. Jt nong. d2 3e Synonyms and Antonyms. Aeousk, v. tr. Sax. EoTise. Connected with raise. SvN. stir. Excite. Dislurb. Awaken. Alarm. Ant. Allay. Assuage. Mitigate. Pa- cify. Compose. Moderate. StUL Quiet. Aeeaign, V. tr. Ad and ra- tionare, ratio, or reason. To call to account before some authority or tribunal. Stn. Summon. Ac<;use. Indict, Im- (icacb. .Vkt. Acquit. Condone. Release. Dis- charge, Aeeangb, V. tr. Supposed to be from ad and arena, whence ring, rank, range. To order vu u given ground or space, as troops on a field. Afterwards to set in order. But comp. Pr. ra.ng. Syn, Order. Range. Locate. Dispose, issorr. Deal. Sort. Parcel. Classify. AtsT!. Derange. Disarrange. Confound. Contuse. Disturb. Disperse. Jumble. Dis- order. Abkanqemknt, n. See Ar- range. Abeant, adf. Fr. Errant, meaning vagabond. As an ad- verb, intensifying reproach. Si-N. Veritable. Unqualified, Utter, In- famous, Emphatic, Akt, Suspicious. Slight. Mitigated. Lilcdy. Aeeat, n. Is said to be from the same root as Arrange, which see. It has the additional sense of clothe. But comp. It. arredare. SvN, Vest. Equip, Accoutre, Deco- rate, Invest, Attire, Ant. Disarray. Divest. Denude. Strip, Aeeest, V. tr. Low Lat. ams- tare. To cause suddenly to stop, especially by force of law. Stn. Seize, Hold. Detain, Apprehend. Ant. Release, Dismiss, Liberate. Free. Discharge. Expedite. Aeeival, re. See Arrive. Aeeivb, v. int. Ad and ripa, a bank. To touch the bank, to arrive physically or mentally at a point. Stn. Reach. Attain. Land. Ant. Embark. Depart Start Abbooanoi:, n. Arrogare, to claim to one's-%elf. Such a habit of mind and manner as seems to abuse the deference of others by claiming more than one's due. Syn. Haughtiness. Contemptuousness. Overbearingness. Brow-beating. Assump* tion. Hauteur, Insolence. Discourtesy. Ant, Bashfnlness, Servility. Considerate- ness. Deference. Courtesy. Shyness. Mo- desty. Diffidence. Politeness. Aeeoqatb, v. tr. See Arro- gance. (Syn. Claim. Assume. Vindicate. Assert Demand, Akt, Forego. Waive. Resign, Surren- der, Abandon. Disclaim. Aettul, adj. Ars, from, Spa>, to fit. Art is the adaptation of nature by science to practical purposes, or the faculty of doing so, namely, skill. In a lower sense, cunning is expressed by artful. Syn. Cunning. Designing. Sharp. Ma- nceuvring. Knowing, Crafty. Wily. Sly. Ant. Simple. Undeaigning. Open. Artless. Innocent. Uneophisticatfid, Aetificb, n. hee Artful. Syn. MancEuvre. Contrivance. Trick Fraud. Ant. Fairness. Candour. Openness Simplicity, Artificial, adj. As opposed to natural, produced by ai't; also false or assumed, as the effect of artifice. Syn, Invenied, Fictitious, Fabrioiled. Concocted, Conirived, Deceptive. ArtfuL Affected. Unnatural. Constrained. As- sumed. Ant, Natural, Inartificial, Genuine, Spontaneous, Transparent. Artless. Un- affected, See ArtfuL. AsoEND, V. int. Ascendere. SvK, Rise, Mount Soar, Ant, Fall, Descend, Sink, Ascendancy,?!. From ascend. Elevation or superiority of po- sition. SiN. Superiority. Adv.intiRe. Uaatelj OontroL Influence. Supremacy. Synonyms and Anionyms. 37 AST. Inferiority. Disadvantage. Sub- jection. Deprfssion. Humiliation. Servi- tnde. Subordination. AsoEETAHf, V. tr. Oernere, to discern. Certus. To bring to clearness or certainty, as the re- sult of investigation. SvN. Prove. Verify. Discover. Con- firm. Ant. Guess. Conjecture. Surmise. Sup- pose. Presume. AsciTiTlous, adf. See Adsci- titiotis. AsCKiBB, V. tr. Ad and ncribere, til im-ite. To account for one tiling by another, as its cause or the subject in which it recedes, or to which it appertains. Sin. Assign, Attribute. Kefer. Im- pute. Render. Ant. Deny. Refuse. Exclude. Disso- ciate. Discoimect. Dissever. Askant, adv. Dutch. Conn. with Squint. Sra. Awry. Askew. Obliquely, As- quint. Aslant. Amt. Straigbtforwards. Rectilineally. Ahead, Forwards, Straights Aspect, n. Aspicere, to look. The exposed or presented side of things, persons, or ideas, Stn. Front. Face. Phase. Side. Ap- pearance. Presentation. Exhibition. Ex- posure. Ant. Back. Obverse. Bear. AsPEEiTT, n. Asper, rough. Hence by analogy roughness of sound or taste, and metaphori- cally harshness and disagreeable- ness of feeling, character, or manner. ■Svn. Acerbity. Harshness. Acrimony. Bitterness. Sharpness. Sourness. Rough- ness. Ant. Mildness. Softness. Sweetness. Gentleness. Pleasantness. Smoothness. E, V. tr. Aspergere, asper- sits, to sprinkle. By usage, to be- sprinkle with ill words or be- spatter with slander. Sin. Slander. Calumniate. Besnatter. Be&ml, Dety. Attoclc Defame. Yill^. Ant. Clear. Defend. F^ilogize. Vin- dicate. Uphold. Shelter. Shield. Piilse. Laud. E.'tlol. Aspiration, n. Ad and spi- rare, to breathe or sigh. A long- ing desire after a higher object. Syn. Longing. Desire. Aim. Hope. Ambition. Appetition. Effort. Endeavour Eagerness. Ant. Apathy. Indifference. Aimless* ness. Dulness. Inertia. Callousness. Carelessness. Aversion. Avoidance. Re- jection. Repudiation. Assail, v. tr. See Assault. Tr. Assaillir. Lat. Balire, to leap. Assault, n. Assault is an active and violent attack by words or deeds; a recourse to violence. Stn. Attack. Onset Aggression, On- slaught. Ant. Defence. Resistance. Repulsion. Retaliation. Undermining. Sapping. Stra- tagem. Assay, v. tr. and int. From exagium, a balance. Ex and agere, to bring out the weight of a thing. Com. Examen for exag- men, whence examination, Stn. Try. Endeavour. Prove. Test. Ant. Survey. Conjecture. Guess. Scan Assemble, v. tr. and int. See Assembly, n. Ad and simu- lare, from simul, to bring toge- ther. Fr. Assemble, ensemble. Syn. Meeting. Assemblage. Concourse. Gathering. Convention. Union. Aggre- gate. Ant. Dispersion. Dissipation. Disrup- tion. Disunion. Assent, n. Assentire, Sentio, I feel, or think. Si'N. Agreement.' Coincidence. Concert. Acknowledgment. Acquiescence. Approval, Ant. Dissent. DLsagreeraent Differ- ence. Disavowal. Repudiation. Declen- sion. Disclaimer. Protest. Assent, v. int. See Assent, n. A SBBRT, V. tr. Ad and serere, to weave or bind. To bind 6 38 Synonyms and Antony nis. statement on to a thing, to declare plainly or strongly, as to assert a right. Syn, Asseverate. Declare. Pronounce, Depose. Maintain. State. Aver. Avow. Avouch. Ant. Deny. Contradict. Contravene, Waive. Abandon. AssBVBKATB, V. tr. To assert strongly. Possibly from severun, as it were a rigid statement, but more probably a corruption of separare, a distiQct and specific assertion. S. }5« Assert. Assiduity, n. Ad and seder e, to sit. The long and close sitting to a task. Stn. Attention. Perseverance. Pains. Patience, E,\ertlon, Labour, Application, Effort, Intentness, Constancy, Sedulous- ness. Diligence, Ant, Indolence, Remissness, Desultori- aess. Inattention. Inconstancy. AssTDVOVS, adj. T. Valuable. Possession. Acquisition Gem. Ornament. Decoration. « ewel. 1 47 Bawl, v. int. From Lat. balare, to bleat. Syn. Shout. Vocifernte. Halloo. Roar. Bellow. Ant. Whisper. Mutter. Mumble. Babble. Bays, n. Crown of bay-lea veSj the sjmbol of achievement, used for the achievement itself. Syn. Laurels. Trophy. Prize. Pre- mium. Achievement. Success. Triumph. Victory. Ant. Failure. Defeat. Disgrace. Stigma. Brand. Beaming, adf. Sax. Verb, to beam, or send forth light. Syn. Shining. Bright. Gleaming. Radiant. Beautiful. Transpiijent. Trans- lucid. Ant. Dull. Opaque. Dingy. Wan. Matt. Beamless. Bear, v. tr. Saxon. To carry, first, physically, as a burden, then, metaphorically, to carry, as ofiBoially to bear a rank, title, or office, to carry in the mind or the feelings; to exhibit what is so carried, as, to bear malice, or testimony, to sustain, as a cha- racter or part, to be able to carry, so, to tolerate, to carry or bring forth, as fruit or children. Syn. Carry. Lift. Transport. Convey, Sustain. Hold. Harbour. Entertain. Fill. Enact. Endure. Admit. Produce. Gene- rate. Ant. Drop, Refuse, Decline. Resign, Kxpel, Eject. Resist, Repel. Protest Resent. Reject Bearing, n. See Bear. The mode of carrying one's self, that is, behaving or seeming ; or, re- flexively, the relative position of an external object, as land to a ship. Syk. Behaviour. Manner. Aspect. Appearance. Inclination. Position. Direc- tion, Course, Ant, Misbehaviour. Misdirection. Mis- observation. BsAT, V. tr. Sax. verb act. and neuter, as, to beat the ground, to beat time, a beating heart ' 48 Synonyms and Antonyms. hence, to beat successfully in battle, and, generally, to over- come. Syn. Strike. Pound. Batter. Thrash. CudgeL Overcome. Defeat. Sm-pass. Conquer. Worst. Aht. Defend. Protect. Shield. Shelter. Fail. Surrender. Pat. Stroke. Caress. Beatitude, n. Beatus, hkssed. Syn. Blessedness. Bliss. Beatiflcation. BEAUTrpUL, adj. See Beauty. BEATiTrPT, V. tr. See Beauty. Syn. Decorate. Adorn, Embellish. Or- nament. Deck. From the rareness of the quality of beauty comes the cheapness of the term beautify ; for, inasmuch as beauty must be seldom imparted by art, the word beautify, unable to sustain its character, is more often used disparagingly or satirically. AST. Deform. Spoil. Mar. Stain. De- face. Disfigure. Befoul. Soil, Denude. Bare. Strip. Beauty, n. Lat. bellus, pretty, neat. The word has risen to ex- press in the higher sense the character of what is naturally, personally, or artistically exqui- site or fair. Syn. Loveliness. Grace. Seemlineps. Comeliness. Fairness. Picturesqueness, Exquisiteness, Embellishment, Adorn- ment. Ant. Foulness. Ugliness. Deformity. Hideousness. Bareness. Unattractiveness. Because, adv. By cause of, physically, mentally, and mo- rally. SrN. Owing. Consequently. Accord- ingly. Ant. Irrespectively. Independently. Uncoimectedly. Inconsequently. Beck, n. A nod. Sax. Conn, with Beckon and Beacon. A nod of intimation or of command, taken for the power or command itself. Srn Nod. Sign. Signal Symbol. Token, Indication. Authority. Oidera Instructions. Subserviency. Influence Command. Call Control. Mandate. AST. Independence. Insubservience. Become, v. tr. is coming well to a person. But as propriety is, where it can be attained, a matter of obhgation, it has a force o{ moral necessity as well as fitness. Sin. Befit. Grace. Beseem. Behove. Ant. Misbeseem. Misfit. Mi&become. Becoming, arf/. See Become. Syn. Beseeming. Comely. Seemly. Be- fitting. Graceful. Decent. Suitable. Im- proving. Ant. Unbeseeming. Unseemly. Un- comely. Unbecoming. Unbefitting. Un- graceful. Indecent. Unsuitable. Unim- proving. Derogatory. Bedaub, v. tr. Daub, conn, with dab, to dab dirt upon. Syn. Bespatter. Bi-foul. Mar. Ins- colour. Disfigure. Deface. Spoil, Soil. Stain. Besmear. Ant. Cleanse. Absterge. Purify. Whiten. Decorate. Beautify. Embellish. Bedeck, v. tr. See Deck, Bedizen, v. tr., Bedizened, part. Origin uncertain. To dress tawdrily. Syn. to pa7-t. Tawdry. Betinselled. Gaudy. Flashy. Bespangled. Ant. Adorned. Eobed. Decorated Beautified. Befall, v. int. To fall out to one. The prefix be gives the verb an active force. Syn. Happen. Occur. Fall. Super- vene. Betide. Bechance. Ant. Miss. Pass. Sparc. Pretermit Befitting, adj. Fitting, as a matter of suitableness generally, or peculiar fitness to specific po- sition, or circumstances, or in- terests. Syn. Fitting. Decent. Becoming. Suit- able. Appropriate. Consistent. Expe- dient. Desirable. Proper. Ant. Obligatory. Compulsory. Unbe- fitting. Indecent. Unbecoming. Unsuil^ able. Inappropriate. Incompatible, In- expedient, Improper. Befool, v. tr. To mate a fool of. Synonyms and Antonyms, 4y Str. Deceive. lUude. Cheat Mystify. Bftmboozle. Mislead. Ensnare. Hood- wink. Ant. Guide. Enlighten. Lead. Advise. Undeceive. Before, prep, and adv. For or Fore. Lat. pro. Gr. iroppoa. Applicable to time and place. Syn. Precedently. Anteriorly, Ante- cedently. Ant. After. Afterwards. Subsequently. Posteriorly. I^ter. Behind. Befriend, v. tr. To keep or support ia any way as a friend. Goth. Stn. Assist Countenance. Support. Advocate. Promote. Protect. Defend. Ant. Oppose. Discountenance, Thwart Withstand. Decry. Defame. Oppress. Annoy. Beg, V. tr. Supposed to be ftom Bag. To ask as a mendi- cant for his wallet. Sth. Ask. Request. Entreat, Suppli- cate. Beseech. Ant. Insist. Exact. Extort. Require. Demand. Beggar, n. See Beg. Stn. Mendicant. Suitor. Petitioner Suppliant, Applicant Ant. Exactor. Extortioner. Beggarly, adj. See Beggar. Stn, Miserable. Poor, Wretched. Stinted. Ni^ardly. Stingy. Scant. Il- liberal, Ant. N(-ble, Princely, Stately, Sump- tuous. Liberal. Profuse. Prodigal. Mag- nificent. Gorgeous. Begin, v. tr. Sax. ginimn, to cut. To make the first cut into a thing ; also, neutrally, to com- mence. SiN. Initiate, Commence. Start. Pre- pare. Arise. Inaugurate. Akt, Achieve, Complete. Terminate. Conclude, ConHuramate. Finish. Close. End. " Beginner, n. See Begin. Stn, Tyro. Novice. Learner, Pupil. Ne^hyte, Aj«t. Adept. Expert Master. Au- thority, Beginning, w. See Begin. 9n. Commencement, Start. Origiii. Else. Initiation. Prepart^tlon. Preface. Prelude. Inauguration. Inception. Ant. End. Close. Tem\inalion. Con- clusion, Cunsummation, Coinpletion. Begrime, v. tr. A Northern word conn, with Rime, hoar- frost, but now applied, not to white particles, but foul. See Bedaub. Beguile, v. tr. Guile, conn. with wile, craft. See Befool. Behalf, n. Contiguity to one's own half or side, as against other persons or other interests. Stn. Side. Interest Advantage. Aid. Bestead. Ant. See Bestead. Behaviour, n., Behave. The way in which a man has, pos- sesses, or demeans himself gene- rally, or on a specific occasion. Stn, Conduct. Bearing. Demeanour. Proceeding. Action. Comportment. De- portment. Ant. Misdemeanour. Misbehaviour. Misconduct. Behest, n. Sax. Literally, that which is vowed or desired. Now, by usage, commanded or enjoined. ' Syn. Injunction. Command. Instruc- tion. Mandate. Commission. Trust. Re- quirement. Ant. option. Liberty. Discretion. Non-interference. Behind. See Before. Hind; whence Hinder. Behold, v, tr. Hold, to fasten the eyes on to an object contigu- ously, Stn. Look. Gaze, Observe. Contem- plate. See. Scan. Survey. Ant. Overlook. Disregard. Ignore. Miss. Blink. Wink. Connive. Beholden, adj. Fastened by ties of obligation, and sometimes, correspondently, of feeling. Stn. Bound. Obliged. Indibtod. Thankful. GratefuL Ant. Unindebted. Uncbliged. Usbound X. Tithankful. Ungrateful. 50 Synonyms and Antonyms. Bkholdbr, 71. Sep Behold. S™. spectator. Observer. Bystander. WitTiess. Looker-on. Ant. See Behold. Bb libf, n. Same root as Leave, in the sense of permission. The mind believes a thing or person, that is, leaves it, gives it leave, or allows it to occupy the ground taken up. Another sup- position derives it from lieben, to love or desire, as if it were natural in some measure to credit what we desire to be true. Stn. Assent. Fidtb. Trust. Credence. Avowal, Assurance. Admission. Conces- siou. Confidence. Ant. Dissent. Unbelief. Distrust Mis- giving. Denial. Disavowal. BcJectioD. Disbelief. Bbllicosk, adj. Belhjm, war. Stn. Quarrelsome. Pugnacious. Belli- gerent. Iiascible. Contentious. Aht. PeacefuL Peaceable. Tlnquarrel- some. Pacific. Unwarlike, Unexcitable. Good-tempered. Genial. BelligbrbnTj adj. Bellurrij and gerere, to wage. Of waxlike or quarrelsome nature, or actu- ally engaged in war. Syn. See Bellicose. Add. Contending. Engaging. Fighting. Opposed. Adverse. Hostile. Conflicting. Rival. Antagonist. Assailant. Ai^T. Neutral. Pacific. PeacefuL Re- conciled. Appeased, Non-belligerent. Bbllow, v. int. Sax. Conn, with Bawl. See Bawl. Belonging, adj., Bklong. Long. Lying parallel to, or alongside; and so in any way related or appertaining. Stn. Related. Connected. Appertain- ing. Cognate. Congenial, Obligatory. Ac- companying. A NT. Unrelated. X/nconnected. Im- pertinent, Irrelevant. Alien. Uncon- genial, DiscretionaL Optional, Unin- volved. Unimplied. Indepeudent. Beloved, adj\ See Love. Below, prpp. and adv. Low. Northern word, allied to Eng. Lie Syn. Under. Beneath. Adowu. A-KT. Above. Over. Aloft. Bend, v. tr. and int. Sas. l]spd physically and metaphori- cally. Syn. Curve. Deviate. Incline. Tend. Swerve. Diverge. Mould. Persuade. Ii^ fluence. Bias. Dispose. Direct. Stoopi Condescend. Yield. Submit Ant. Proceed. Continue. Extend. Ad- vance. Stand. Stiffen. Resist Break. Crush. Beneath, adv. and pr^. Neath. Germ, nieder, nether, SxN. Below. Under. Underneath. A- down. Akt. Above. Over. Overhead. Aloft. Benediction, «. Bene dicere, to bless. Is official, or the result of kind feeling or approval, or in consequence of gratitude. Srx. Blessing. Approval. Commenda- tion. Benison. Gratitude. Thankfulness. Thank^iving, Ant. Curse. Malediction. DisapprovaL Censure. Obloquy. Execration. Ingrati- tude. Benefaction, n. Bene and facerey to do well. Commonly by some permanent gift, as distin- guished from benefit. Syn, Grant. Endowment Bequest. Presentation. Favour. Ant. Deprivation. Reservation. Dis- favour. Disendowment. Confiscation. Pre- sumption. Benefactor, n. See Benefac- tion. Stn, Friend. Supporter. Ctmtributor. Uphulder. Well-wisher. Well-doer. Fa- vourer. Patron. Ant, Foe. Opponent DisEavowrer. Rival. Antagonist, Backfriend. Oppressor, Beneficial, adj. See Beue- faction. Stn. Advantageous, Profitable. AVliole- Bome. Salutary, Salubrious. Ant, Prejudicial. Noxious. Unprofit- able. Hurtful Detrimental Beneficent, adj. See Bene- faction. Syn. Bountiful. Benevolent, Benignant. Ant. Ihird. Unaimmlserating. UUbfrttl, U ibcneficent. Griping. Cruel, Opfres Synonyms and Antonyms, 51 BiMKFiT, V. See Benefaction. Stn. Boon. Advantage. Profit. Favour. Blessing. Ant. Evil. Loss. Disadvantage. Detri- ment. Damage. Calamity. Injury. Be- reavement. Privation. Benevolence, n. Bene and volOj I wish well. Syn. Kindness. Goodwill. Kindliness. Benignity. Liberality. Beneficence. Akt. Unkindness. Harshness. Niggard- liness. Barbarity, Maleficence. Malignity, llliberality. lUwill. Churlishness. Sometimes the expression of goodwill — a gift. Benevolent, adj. See Bene- volence. Benignant, adj. Benignus, bene and genus, of good birth. Gentle by birth and disposition ; thence kind. See Benevolent. Benison, n. See Benediction. Bent. See Bend. Physical or moral inclination. SrN. Angle. Inclination. Direction. Bias. Determination. Disposition. Inten- tion. Ant. Indisposition. Aversion. Bequeath, v. tr., Bequest, «. Be and an Old English word, meaning, to say, of which the past tense only survives in the word qnoth. First, to adjudge by word of month ; then, to de- mise property orally; and, lastly, to demise generally, or leave as a gift at parting. Stk, Give. Grant. Bestow. Impart. I^eave. Demise. 'I'o noan. Legacy. In- heritance. Ant. Withhold, Alienate. To wown. 'J'ransference. Abalienation. Disinheritance. Di>pussession. Beebave, V. tr. Sax. Mean- ing rob. Apphed to persons. Syk. Rob. Deprive. Dispossess. Divest. Impoverish. Reduce. SpoiL Ant. Replenish. Compensate. Rein- state. Satisfy. Enrich. Benefit. Bereavement, n. See Bereave. Sin. Depiivation. Loss. AfBicuon. Oesti tution. Ant. Gift. Blessing. Donation. Bene- \ faction. Compensation. Reparation. Re- storation, Reinstatement, Restitation. Substitution. Consolation. Akt. See Benefaction and Benefit. ■" Bereft, part SrN. Robbed. Deprived. Denied. Spoiled. Destitute. Ant. Endowed. Enriched, Compensated. Consoled. Possessed. BeseecHj v. tr. Seech, the same as seek. To seek another in entreaty. Used of the thing and the person. Syn. Ask. Entreat. Pray. Request. Supplicate. Petition. Beg. Akt. Insist. Demand. Exact. Com- mand. Intimidate. Coerce. Beseem, v. tr. To seem or look well npon. Said of moral fitness or propriety. Syn. Befit. Suit. Belong. Appertain. Ant. Unbeseem. Disgrace. Beseeming, adj. See Beseera. Syn. Befitting. Suitable. Belonging. Appertaining. Consistent. Compatible. Re- quisite. Decent. Graceful. Akt. Unbefitting. Unseemly. Unsuit- able. Improper. Indecent. Ungraceful. Beset, v. tr. Set, sedeo. Comp. Sit. Stn. Hem. Surround. Environ. Be- leaguer. Ant. Liberate. Abandon. Beside, prep., Besides, adv. By the side ; the primary notion being proximi*'.y, and the second extraneousness or addition. Syn. Close. Near. Alongside. Addi- tionally. Over and above. Together. More- over. Ant. Separate. Apart, Inclusively. Besiege, v. tr. Fr, si.ege. Lat. sedere. To sit down before a fortified place. Syn. Beset. Beleaguer. Invest. Sit. Akt, Abandon. (Phrase, ' raise the siege.') Besmbab, v. tr. Sax. See Be- danb. Bksottbd, adj. Sax. Steeped in drink cr prejudice. Syn. Stupefied. Intoxicated. Drnnfc Steeped. Drenched. Stupid. DoUkii Gross. Prejudiced, s 2 52 Synonyms and Antonyms. Am. Seller. Temperate. .Clear. Un- biassed. Unprejudiced. Enlightentd. Re- fioed. Bespatter, v. tr. Conn, with spit and sputter. Metaphor., to vilify. Syn. Besprinkle. BefouL Bedaub. Re- vile. Vilify. Asperse. Ant. Absterge. Sponge. Cleanse. Purily. Vindicate. Defend. Clear. Bespeak, v. tr. Has the double sense of ordering beforehand, and of giving evidence. SifN. Betoken. Foreorder. ForestalL Provide. Prearrange. Indicate. Evidence. Ant. Belie. Resign. Cuuntenuand. Bestead, v. tr. Be and stead, a place. Comp. Instead. In the place of; to arrange for conveni- ence or benefit, and so to serve. Syn. Convenience. Uphold. Assist. Serve. Accommodate. Benefit Akt. Ttiwart. Damage. Incommode. Oppose. Injure. Bestead, n. Syx, Interest. Behalf. Part Side. Ad- vantage. Benefit Akt. Injury. Disadvantage. Opposition. Detriuient Damage. Bestir, v. tr. Commonly used reflexively for, to stir one's self. 6'ee Stir. Bestow, v. tr. Sax. stov, a place for deposit. Krst, to place in its own appointed repository ; thence, and now exclusively, to make another the receptacle, that is, to give. Sin. Confer. Give. Present Award. Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Reserve. Alieiiiite. Transfer. Claim. Appropriate. Usurp. Seize. Betide, v. tr. Sax. Tide, meaning time, as, "Whitsuntide. To befall in season; thence, to befall generally. SvN. Befall. Occur. Happen. Akt. See Befall. Betimes, adv. By good time. Syn. Early. Beforehand, Readily. Pre- paredly. Ant. Late. Behindhand. Slowly. Slug- jisbiy. Belatedly. Betoken, v. tr. To give evi- dence by token, which was any kind of indication or mark. The word is connected with teach. Syn. Teach. Indicate. Proclaim. Evi- dence. Manifest Imply. Involve. De- clare. Ant. Misindicate. Mislead. Misteach. Misdeclare. Belie. Mask. Hide. BmuAY, V. tr. Tradere, to de- liver. To biixtg to light either persons or interests, which it was a duty to serve confidentially or honourably; or, by an exten- sion of its usage, to indicate; though even here there is com- monly an implied exposure of something unfavourable. Syn. Deceive. Delude. Circumvent Dupe. Ensnare. Dishonour. Indicate. Manifest Reveal Ant. Protect Preserve. Guard. Con- serve. Foster. Cherish. Fence, Cover. ConceaL Suppress. Between, Betwixt, adv. and prep. See Amidst. Bevy, n. Origin imcertain; but applied only to ladies, ex- cept, as by sportsmen, to larks and quails. A fair assemblage. Syn. AssemUy. Parterre. Galaxy Constellation. Flock. Akt. Gang. Crew. Herd. Mob. Bewail, v. tr. Wail, a word of Northern origin, probably formed in imitation of a cry of grief. Syn. Lament Deplore. Bemoan. Rue. Ant. Exult HaiL Rejoice. Greet. Welcome. Beware, v. Ware, conn, with wary. Used only in the impera- tive and infinitive moods. Snf. Care. Refrain. Consider. He»i Look. Fear. Avoid. Ant. Overlook. Ignore. Neglect Brave- Dare. Incur. Bewilder, v. tr. Wild. To place, as it were, on wild ground, where one looks in all directioas for landmarks, but in vain. Srjnonyms and Antonynm. 53 Byh. Daxe. Dazzle Confound. Myptify. Conf^e, Mislead. Astonish. Aot. Guide. Inform. liCad. Enligliten. Edify. Instruct. Bbwildeeed. See Bewilder. Bewitch, v. tr. "Witch. Sax. wig, holy. Low Latin, vegiim, a sorcerer. Of old used of male as well as female sorcerers. To in- fluence by magic, and especially with love or admiration. Syn. Enchant. Fascinate. Charm. Akt. Exorcise. Disillusionize. Disen- chant. Beyond, prep, and adv. Sax. Comp. Yon and Yonder. Syn. Over. Farther. Past. More. -iNT. HerL Close. ivL-ar. Hither. Less. Short. Bias, n. Old Fr. 5ms, a slope. See Bent. Bicker, v. int. Scotch. !For- merly used of literal, now only of metaphorical, skirmishes. Syn. Wrangle. Quarrel. Dispute. Jar. Contend. Akt. Chat. Gossip. Converse. Bid, v. fr. Of Northern origin, from one word, meaning to re- quest, and another resembling it, to offer ; hence the double sense of bid. Syn. TelL Bequest. Instruct. Order. Command. Offer. Propose. Akt. Forbid. Deter. Prohibit Ee- strain. Bide, v. int. Sax. Act. and neuter, that is, haTing the sense of wait and await. S^-x. Wait. Bemain. Tarry. Slay, Await. Expect. Anticipate. Bear. En- dure. Akt. Quit. Depart. Migrate Move. Resist. Eesent. HepeL A^ure. Eebel. I'rotest. Bw, adj. An old Welsh word, haich, meaning burden. Mets- pliorically used of bigness of de- meanour. Syk. Large. Great. Wide. Huge. Bo"ky. Proud. Arrogant. Pompms. Fat. Akt. Litfle. SmnTl. Narrow. Minute. Slight. l.ean. Affable. Easy. Unaffected. BiGOTEY, n. Der. uncertain; either from a Norman oath, attri- buted to EoUo when refusing homage to the French king, or from the Saxon bigan, conn, with beg, to pray or worship ; whence the Flemish beguine and beguin- age, good women engaged in cha- rity, and living together without vows. Syn. Prejudice. Pharisaism, Obstinacy. Credulity. Fanaticism. Superstition, in- tolerance. Ant. Liberality. Enlightenment. Charity. Toleration. Eclecticism. Latitudmarianism. Bind, v. tr. Sax. To tie. Metaphorically, to tie down to obligations or conditions. Syn. Tie. Fasten. Secure. Lace, Twine. Oblige, Compel. Eestrict Be- strain. Secure. Akt. 0ntie. Loose. Unfasten. Free, Liberate. Acquit. BniTH, «. Conn, with Bear and Born. First, the coming into life, and then the circum- stances or position of the person so born. So birth used by itself often means nobility, Syn. Origin, Source, Rise, Lineage, Nobility, Ant, Death, Extinction, Plebeianism, Bit, n. Is really the part, of Bite, A small piece bitten, or to bite; thus precisely corre- sponding with morsel, from Lat m order e, to bite. Syn. Morsel. Piece. Fragment Pait. Akt. Mass. Whole. BlTlNS, '.tdj. See Bit. Used metaphorically. Syn. Pungent Piercing. Gnawing. Sarcastic. Sardonic. Censorious Trenchant. Akt. I'leasant Genial. Flattering. Soothing. Complacent BiTTBE, adj. Conn, with Bile. Producing a pungent biting sen- sation. Applied, when used me- taphorically, both to the event 54 Synonyms and Antonyms. and the feeling consequent upon it, as, ' a bitter calamity/ ' bitter disappointnient.' Syh. Harsh. Sour. Sharp. Tart. Ac- riTiionious. Sarcastic. Severe. Sad. AfBic- live. Tntense. AsT. Sweet. Mellow. Pleasant. Affa- ble. Kindly. Genial. Light. Trivial Mitigated. Bitterness. See Bitter and Antipathy. Blab, v. int. Germ, hlappeln. Eng. blabber. To talk idly. See remarks on Babbler. Blacken, v. tr. Black. Meta- phorically, to spoil the character or reputation. SrN. Bespatter. Befoul, Bedaub. De- fame. Decry. Calumniate. Dishonour. Ant. Vindicate. Clear. Eulogize. Blackguabd, n. Originally the company of scullions, who, in the progresses of great men liad the charge of the kitchen utensils. A low sooty tribe; hence the present tise of the term is iacluding everything nioat vile. Syn. Scoundrel. Bascal. Rapscallion. BlaikloB. Villain. Ant. Gentleman. Blame, v. tr. Is a contracted form of blaspheme, the Greek for evil-speaking; but is by usage restricted to censure of persons or their conduct. Stn. Censure. Chide. E«buke. Re- proach. Vituperate. Dispraise. Ant. Acquit. Exculpate. Exonerate, lilncourage. Praise. Approve. Blamable, adj. See Blame. Blameless. See Blame. Stn. Pure. Innocent. Irresponsible Ant. Criminated. Implicated. Blame- worthy. An.swerahle. Faulty. Guilty. Blanch, v. tr. Blancus, white. Comp. Bleak, Bleach. Stn. Bleach. Whiten. To blanch is to promote in- herent whiteness. To bleach u to whiten by external influence. Ant. Darken. Colour. Obfuscate. Bland, adj. Blandus. Kefera to manner. Sin. Soft. Mild. Gentle. Ant. Harsh. Abrupt. K«ngh. Blandiloquencb,?!. Blandm and loqui, to talk. Stn. Blarney. Humbug. Flattery. Speciousness. Glossiness. Adulation. Ant. Bluntness. Roughness. Abrupt- ness. Blandishment, n. Is in deeds what blandiloquence is in words. Stn. Flattery. Coaxing. Wheedling. Fawning. Cajolery. Ant. Roughness. Bluntness. Unman- nerliness. Blank, adj. Blancus. A colourless and unmitigated bar- renness. Stn. Bleak. Bare. Utter. Broad. Un- mitigated. Ant. Modified. Qualified. Mitigated. Blasphemy, n. Gr. Impious talk. Stn. Swearing, Impiety. Profaneness. Ant. Reverence. Veneration. Godli- ness. Blast, n. and v. Sax. lloesan, to Mow. Like flare, flame, from the Lat. flare, to blow. Comp. Blaze. The verb to blast is used of destructive or noxious in- fluences. The noun blast has different analogous senses, as, blast of wind, a blast, or, as it were, noxious breath of evil, the blast or explosion of a gun; but the notion of atmospheric influence or excitement runs through them all. Stn. Volume. Puif. ASiation. KlMa- tion. Breeze. Breath. Blight teplosion. Burst- Frustration. Destruction. Blaze. Ant. Extinction. Neutralization. Blaze, n. See Blast. Blazon, v. tr. From the .same root. To affix some mark of Synonyms and Antonyms. 55 conspicnousness. To light up a person, his character or history, lineage or reputation. Stn. Notify. Signalize. Publicate. Ad- ren ture. Circulate. I'mpagate. Dissemi- nate. Ant. Cover. Conceal. Hide. Suppress. Hush. Palliate. Shroud. Bury. Bleach, v. tr. BlancuSj white. Stn. Whiten. Blanch. Ant. Darken. Blacken. Soil. See Blanch. Bleak, adj. Same der. Stn. Blank. Bare. Open. Exposed. Cold. Stormy. Nipping. Ant. Sheltered. Warm. Verdant Luxu- riant Zephyrous. Balmy. Halcyonic. Blemish, v. Fr. blemivj to imike blue or pale. To take the colour out; thence, to spoil or tarnish a substance ; and thence again, metaphorically, the char racter. The nouri blemish fol- lows the same meanings. Stn. Utnoun. Spot. Blur. Blot. Stain. Daub. Tarnish. Defacement. Discoloura- tirm. Disfigurement. Disgrace. Dishonour. Defect. Blemiiih. Imperrection. Ant. Purity. Unsiilliedness. Intact- ness. Honour. Blench, v. int. Conn, with Blanch. To shrink through fear. Stn. Start. Shy. Shudder. Shrink. Re- coil. Ant. Encounter. Dare. Venture. Stand. Face. Blend, v. int. and tr. Sax. To mix easily or naturally. Stn. Mix. Harmonize, Unite. Coalesce. Ant. Run. Separate. Divide, Dis- sociate. Confound. Bless, v. tr. Sax. Conn. with Blithe. To make blithe- some or joyous with gifts, and, reflexively, to express gratitude thereupon. Stn. Felicitate, Endow. Enrich. Gladden. Rejoice. Cheer. Thank. Ant. Sadden. Deprive. Impoverish. Ignore. Curse. Anathematize. Blessing, n. See Bless. Stn. Felicitation. Benedicilou. Endow- ment Donation. Gift. Thankiulness Gratitude. Thanks. Benefit Ant. Impoverishment, Deprivation. Be- , reavement Malediction. Thankfulness. Obliviousness. Catastrophe. . Calamity. Disaster. Detriment Dam^e. Curse. Blight, n. and v. Origin un- certain. See Blast. Blind, adj. Sax. Conn, with Blend, seeing objects confusedly. It is used of physical sightless- ness, moral blindness, mental blindness, or absolute ignorance, and casual blindness or casual ignorance. Sometimes used as a transitive verb. Stn, Sightless. Unseeing. Depravei.1. Prejudiced, ignorant. Uninformed. Un- conscious. Unaware. Ant. Far-sighted. Penetrating. Keen. Sensitive. Discriminating. Pure-minded. Clear-sighted. Conscious. Aware. Blink, v. tr. and int. Sax. To shincj to twinkle, quickly to close and open the eyelids, to close the eyes against a passing circumstance so as not to notice it. Stn. Wink. Ignore. Connive. Overlook, Ant. Notice. Visit Note. Mark. Bliss, n. See Bless. Stn. Blessedness. Joy. Ecstasy, Rap- ture. Amt. Accursedness. Condemnation. Suf- fering. Misery. Woe. Blithe, adj. Sax. Stn. Light. Merry. Joyous. Happy Bright. Elastic. Gladsome. Bonny. Ant. Heavy. Dull. Dejected. Sullen. Block, v. tr. From block ; Northern word for a mass. Stn. Stop. Arrest. Fill. Ohstnict Ant. Frte. Liberate. Open. Pave. Blockhead, «. See Above. Stn. Dolt. Dunderhtad. Jolterhead. Dunce. Minny. Numskull. Dullard. Ig- noramus. Ant. Sage.' Adept Luminary. Philii- Bopher. Schoolman. Savant. Bloom, n. and v. int. Gothic. Comp. Blossom. Stn. Blossonc. Bad. Flower. Beauty. Freshnesa Delicacy. Ant. Decay. Decadence. Blight. Blast. Coarseness. Uar.shness. Roughness. Toughs 56 Synonyiiis and Antonyms. ucss. Superannuation. Ghafitllness. daverouhness. Ca- Bloom is applied to flowers l)Uf]ely ornamental, blossom to ' txjiit-trees. Blooming, adj. See Bloom. Stn. Flourishing. Flowering. Blossom- ing. Young. Beautiful. Fair. Ant. Fading. Waning. Blighted, Blft>tud. Paralyzed. Old. Superannuated. Unsightly. Deformed. Blot, n. and v. A Northern word, meaning a blur or stain. A dab, daub, or spot of tarnish upon a fair surface or a fair re- putation. Comp. the phrase, ' a blot on the escutcheon/ Stn. Comp. Blemish. Blot, v. Stn. Obscure. Tarnish. Spoil. Sully. Obliterate. Ei-ase. Ant, Elucidate. Clear. Absterge. Cleanse, Manifest, Conserve. Perpetuate. Blotch. Conn. Blot and Bloat. Blow, n. Seems to be formed from many kindred words of Saxon or Gothic origin, having the various senses of breathing and blooming and striking. Stn. Puff. Blast. Breath. Infliction. Stroke. Wound. Disappointment. ABBic- tion. Ant, Assuagement. C'lnsolation. Com- fort, llelief. Blessing. Sparing. Bluff, adi. Old Eng. noun and adf. bluffs, or bluff rocks. Stn. Bare. Open. Bold. Abrupt, Frank. Plain-spokc-n. Blunt. Ant. Undulating. Inclined. Inabrupt. Courteous. Polished. Keserved. Blundeb, n. Old Eng. Conn, with Blind and Blend. A mis- take through confusion of thought or purpose. Syw. Error. Mistake. Misundei-stand- ing. t'ault. Oversight. Inaccuracy. Ant. Accuracy. Truthfulness. Exact- ness. Correctness, Faultlessness. Correc- tion. Recti Bcati on. Atonement. Foresight Prevention. Hit. Success. Achievement. Bi.UNT, adf. Gothic n. Phy- sical and metaphorical. Stn. Obtuse. Dull. Pointless. Edgfr less. Insensitive. Bluff, Plain-Biannered. Ant. Sharp. Keen, Pointed. Acute. Aculeated. Sensitive. Polished. Courteous. Reserved. Blandiloquent. Blunt, v. See adf. Stn, To subdue. Repress. Tranquillize Discourage. Harden. Ot-sify. Numb. Ant. Quicken. Sharpen. Instigate. Sua* citate. Stimulate. Animate. Excite. Vi- talize. Blub. See Blemish. Blush, n. Conn, with Blaze, to grow red with warmth or a sense of shame. Stn. to former. Bloom. Colour. Com- plexion. Aspect. Carnation. To latter. Shame. Confusion. GuilthieBS. Self-re- proach. ANT. to latter. Innocence. Purity. Guilt- lessness. Unconsciousness, Boldness. Ef- frontery. Bluster, v. and n. Allied to Blast. Sys. to V. Storm. Rage. Puff. Blow Swagger. Fume. Brag. Insult. Ant. See Brag. Boast. Old Eng. Stn. Vaunt. Brag. Swagger. Swell Bluster. Vapour. Anx. See Brag. Bode, v. tr. Sax. Conn, with Bid, to tell or foretell. Stn. Foretell. Predict Prophesy. Pro mise. Forebode. Herald. Aimounce, Prog- nosticate. Portend. Augur. Ant. Relate. Record. Narrate. Re- member. Bodily. From Body. Sax. Adv. and adj. Stn. Wholly, Collectively. Summarily. Unitedly. Corapactedly. Together. Cor- poreal. Fleshly. Ant. Piecemeal. Partially. Fragment- arily. Gradually. Spiritual. Ghostly. Body, n. Sax. Stn, Substance. Mass. Whole. Sub- stantiality. CuUectiveness. AsBemblage. CoUeciion Matter. Aiisociftklon. Organiza- tion, Ant. Spirit. Fragment Member. Piece. Boggle, v. int. Same as Bogle. Corrupted into bogey, an appa- rition. To hesitate, as i* af- frighted ; hence, to hesitate geno Synonyms and Antonyms. 57 tally, and to work awkwardly or clumsily. Stn. Halt. Hesitate. Dubitate. Falter. Blunder. JJlolch. Botch. Mar. Spoil. Aht. Encounter, Face. Advance. Clear. Work. Refine. Perfect Complete. Beau- tify. Boil, v. in f. Lat. huIUre. Comp. Ebullition. Stn. Bubble. Effervesce. Explode. Eage. Fume. Akt. Calm. Subside. Recover. Cool. Boisterous, adf. Old Eng. CJonn. with Boast. Applied to the violence of the elements and to manner or demeanour, Stn. l>oud. Violent. Tempestuous. Stormy. Unrestrained. Uncuntrolled. In- temperate. AifT. Peaceful. Calm. Serene. Self- possessed. Bold, adj. Sax. Stn Courageous. Fearless. Adventur- ous. Brave. Self-confident. Forw ard. Ant. 'Hmid. Fearful. Inadventurous. Shy. Bashful. Retiring, Bolster, v. tr. Erom the nou7i, which is Gotliio. Conn, with Ball. A round or cylindri- cal support for the head ; hence, to support, especially adventi- tiously ; applied to the weakness and the weak. Stn. Support. Prop. Sustain. Aid. Help. Subsidize. Patch, Tinker. Buoy. Ant, l)epress. Dispirit. Relax. Bombast, «. Bomhyocj the silk- worm. BomhasiuWj cotton. An inflated talk or matter, or the quahty of such talk. Sin. Rhodomontade. Gasconade. Brag- gadocio. Bluster. Pomposity. Infialed- ness. Exaggerativeness. Fustian. Ant. Truthfulness. Moderation. Vera- city. Modesty. Temperateuess. Humility, Refrain. Bond, w. Sax. Comp. Bind and Band. Syn. Tie. Fastening. Chain. Manacle. Fetter. Association. Compact, Obligation, Security. Ant, Freedom. Optija. Dlscreiion. Honour. Parole. Bondage, n. See Bond. Stn. Servitude. Confinement. Imprt> sonment. Incarceration. Sutgectlun. Slavi^iy. Ant. IVeedoni. Liberty. Independence Liberation. Manumission. Bondsman, ii. See above. Stn. Slave. Serf. Prisoner. CaptiTe Vassal. Ant. Freeman. Yeoman. Gentleman. Lord. Master. Bonny, adj. Der. uncertain, and used in several senses ; all, however, having brightness of aspect. Stn. Fair. Pretty, Pleasant. Cheerful Lively. Shapely. Buxom. Ant. DulL Unseemly. lU-favourei Deformed. Bonds, n. Lat. Good. Conn. Boon. Stn. Premium. Douceur. Boon. Benefit Ant. Fine. Penalty. Mulct. Amerce- ment. Discount. Booby, n. The name of a sea- fowl, SvN. Idiot. Dunce. NmnskuU. Aht. Wiseacre. Solon. Oracle. Bookish, adj. From Book, Conn, with Beech, because the ancient Saxons and Germans wrote on beechen bark and boards. Stn. Studious. Erudite. Learned. Pe- dantic. Aht. Unbookish. Unstudious. Ineru- dite. Unlearned. Ignorant. Uneducattd. Bootless, adj. Boot. Sax. Advantage, Conn, with Better. Stn, Useless. Profitless. Unavailing, Abortive. Ant. Useful. Profitable. Availing. Ef- fecti ve. Effectual, BooTYj n. Same root. Profit by plunder. Stn. Plunder, Loot.* Prey. Pillage. Aht. Restitution. Fine. Confiscation. Forfeiture. Amercement. Penalty, Boeder, n. Fr, hord. So sear board or coast. Stn. Limit. Boundary. EdRe. Edgin& Hem. Band. Enclosure. Confine. Ant, Land. Tract, Interior. Substance Space. Centre. BosoMj n. Sax. Used bj 58 Synonyms and Antonyms. analogy of a natural hollow, as, ' the bosom of the ocean,' and, metaphorically, of the seat of feeling. Sin. Hollow. Deep. Bed. Valley. Centre. Heart. Mind. Soul. Will. Ant. Surface. Exterior. Manner. De- portment. Demeanour. Botch, v. tr. Conn, with Boss and Patch. Somethiag between marring and mending. Stn. Patch. Cobble. CLump. Blunder. DiBconc£rt. Spoil. Jumble. Mess. Bungle. Mar. Ant. Fine-draw. Trim. Harmonize. Mend. Beautify. Embroider. Handle, Manage. Manipulate. Both, ad,v. Sas. Syn. Twain. Ant. Neither. Bother, v. tr. Another form of Pother, which is supposed to be the Fr. poudre, dust. Eng. powder, the making a dust — about something or nothing. Sin. Fuss. Worry. Excitement. Stir. Confusion. Vexation. Flurry. Trouble. Ant. Calm. Composure. Orderliness. Peace. Quiet Bottom, n. Sax. Said to be allied to the Gr. Tndiirjv, as that to /3d5os. Comp. Bathos in Ehetorio. Stn. Deep. Profound. Floor. Depth. Ground. Foot. Ant. Top. Summit. Apex. Crown. Brow. Surface. Bound, n. That which binds, bonds, or bounds, as an external limit. Stn. Limit Boundary. Confine, Border. Inclosure. Ant. Se^ Border. Bound, v. !Fr. hondir. Syn. To Leap. Jump. Frisls. Spring. Skip. Ant. Hobble, limp. Crawl. Creep. Shamble. BouNDABT, See Bound, Boundless, ad;', -.Sec »!, Bound, Syx. Infinite. Uulimlfed. Illimitable. C'nmeaaurablo. Ant. Narrow. Kesfrlcted. Limltat Confined. Circumscribed. Bountiful, See Bounty. BouNi'Y, n. Fr. lonte. Lat bonitas, goodness. Conn, Boon, Bonus. Liberality, or its expres- sion ; a liberal gift. Stn. Liberality. Bnunteonsness. Bene- volence. Munificence. Donation. Gift. Ant. Illiberality. CloseDess. Hardness. Niggardliness. Stinginess. Churlisbness. Bbacb, V. tr. From hrachium, an arm. Comp. Embrace. Stn. Tie. Fasten. Strap. Bind. Bandage. Strengthen. Ant. Unfasten. Untie. Loose. Unstrap, Unbind. Relax. Bracing, adj. See Brace. Stn. Strengthening. Invigorating. Tonic. Ant. Enervating. Enfeebling. Weaken- ing. Relaxing. Brag, v. int. Old Eng., mean- ing brisk, or full of spirits. To vaunt personal strength or prow- ess is natural to childish cha- racters in high spirits. Stn. Boast. Vaunt Swagger. Bully. Ant. Cringe. Whine. Whimper. Braggart, See Brag. Braid, v. tr. Sax, bredan. Stn, Bind, Tie, Weave, Plait Ant, Unbind, Dishevel. Branch, n. Conn, with lirar- chium, an arm of a tree. Involves the ideas of separation from the line of growth, and connection with tne parent stem, Stn. Member. Bifurcation. Ramifica- tion. Offshoot Scion. Relative. Ant. Trunk. Stock. Stem. Race, Family. House. Brand, adj. From Saxon brinnun. Comp. Eng. Burn. A torch, stick ; hence, by analogy, a flashing sword; thence, the mark of burning, especially foi disgrace. Stn. Stigma. Disgrace. Mark. Infamy Ant. Decoration. Badge. Distinction Honour. Brandish, v. tr. See Brand. Synonyms and Antonyms. 59 To move about rapidly, as a 3word. Stw. Houriah. Fence. Wield. Wave. Whisk. Shake. AgiUte. Ant. Stay. Arrest. Suspend. Brawl, v. and n. Old Eng. Conn, with Broil. Stn. Wrangle. Broil. Scold. Roar. Shout. Vociferate. Ant. to Twun. Whisper. Softness. Mel- lowness. Melodiousness. Intonation. Brawny, adj. Old Tr. bi-aon, the flesh or muscles. Stn. Muscular. Powerful. Strong. Athletic Sinewy. Herculean. Stout. Ro- bust. Ant. Lean. Weak. Fragile. Delicate. Effeminate. Feeble. BbAT, V. tr. Old Fr. hrayer, to jiound. Of different origin from bray as an ass. S™. Pound. Bruise. Beat. Pulverize. Ant. Compact. Compound. Amalga- mate. Conglomerate. Breach, n. Same as Break. A physical or social rupture or division. Used peculiarly of breaking the vow or promise. Stn. Rupture. Gap. Divulsion. Quarrel. Violation. Non-performance. Ant. Integrity. Conservation. Healing. Beconciliation. Inviolateness. Fulfilment. Break, v. Sax. hrecan. Used of the forcible divulsion of hard material substances, and meta- phorically expresses the ideas of mastery and infringement. Stn. Fracture. Rupture. Shatter. Shiver. Tpstroy. Tame. Curb. Subdue. Violaie. Infringe. Ant. Heal. Piece. Conjoin. Protect. Conserve. Encourage. Rally. Observe. Ob.'y. Breast, n. Sax. For meta- phorical use, see Bosom. Breath, n. Germ, broden, steam, vapour. Comp. Broth. Syn. Respiration. Inspiration. Expira- tion. Inhalation. Exhalation. Met., Life. Ant. tn latter. Cessation. Parsing. De- parture. Perishing. Dying. Death. Breathe, v. See Breath. Breathless, adj. Deprived of breath by rapid exertion, in- terest, astonishment, or surprise. Stn. Exhausted. Eager. Absorbed. Fas- cinated. Attentive. Astounded. Bewil- dered. Ant. Cool. Calm. Collected. Fresh. Unexcited. Indifferent. Inattentive, Un- astonished. Breed, v. fr. Sax. Stn. Generate. Procreate. Engender. Propagate. Met. Produce. Evolve. Cause. Ant. Destroy. Eradicate. Extinguish. Extirpate. Stifle. Brevity, n. Lat. brevis, short. Not used commonly of physical subjects. Stn. Shortness. Closeness. Concisenesa. Compendiousness. Pointedness. Abbrevia- tion. Abridgment, Ant. Length. Protraction. Elongation. Extension. Prolixity. Diffusiveness, In- terminableness, Tediousness. Brew, v. tr. and int. Sax. hreovan. To expose to the action of heat. Used metaphorically. Syn, Concoct. Compound, Hatch, Mix. Prepare, Season, Impend, Threaten, In- crease, Collect, Form, Grow, Gather, Ant, Pass, Disperse, Break, Mar Spoil, Miscompound, Bbidlb, V. tr. To hold as with a bridle. Sax. brvJil. Stn, Curb, Restrain, Govern, ControL Master, Moderate, Compress. Ant, Loosen, Liberate, Relax. Dis- charge. Vent. Bhiep. See Brevity. Bright, adj. Sax. Applied to nature, art, mind, and temper. Stn, Shining, Luminous, Lucid, Bril- liant, Burnished, Radiant, Sparkling Limpid, Met, Clever, Happy. Witty Joyous, Cheerlul, Ant, Opaque, Dull, Dead, Muddy stupid. Slow. Sullen. D^ected. CheerleM Joyless. Imbecile. Brilliant, adj. From the precious stone called the beryl. Brilliance is more powerful brightness, A thing is bright, aa reflecting light ; brilliant as seem- ing to give forth light. 60 Synonyms and Antonyms. Sts. Sparkling. Flashing. Radiant. Shining. Lustrous. Glorious. Luminous. £fTulgent. Beanaing. Ant. See Bright. Bring, v. tr Sax. hringan. Implies conveyance in the direc- tion of one's self or one's own mind as the point. Stn. Fetch. Procure. Adduce. Import. Cause. Produce. Induce. Ajtt. Export Remove. Abstract. Sub- tract. Prevent. Exclude. Debar. Trans- port. Brisk, adf. Celtic. Used only of visible effects, as, ' brisk move- ments,' ' a brisk fire.' Stn, Quick. Lively. Vivacious. Active. Alert. Himble. Sprightly. Effervescent. Ant. Slow. Heavy. Dull. Inactive. Sluggish. Indolent, Unenergetic. Stagnant. Bristling, adj\ From bristle. Sax. Conspicuously full. Stn. Stocked. Full. Multitudinous, Multifarious. Swarming. Crowded- Ant. Bare. Nude. Scant. Devoid. Vacant Broach, v. tr. See Abroach. Stn. Start. Moot Launch. Originate. Suggest, Exhibit. Propound. Ant. Seal. Secrete. Reserve. Repress. Cork. Bottle. Broad, adj. Sax. (Met., com- prehensive and indelicate.) Syn. Wide. Extensive, Expansive. Ample. Liberal. Comprehensive. Unre- served. Indelicate. Coarse. Generic. Ant. Narro w. Res tricted. Limited . Confined. Bigoted. Prejudiced. Illiberal. Narrow-minded. Reserved. Veiled. Shrouded. Shaded. Sketchy. Enigmatical. Refined. Delicate. Specific, Pointed. Broadcast, arij. Thrown sb- broad. Syh. Scattered. Dispersed. Profusely. Untiparingly. Indiscriminately. Injudi- ciously. Abroad. Extensively. AWT. Collectedly. Concentratively. Sparingly. Reservedly. Locally. Partially. DiBcreetly. Charily. Beook, v. tr. Sax. hrucan, to eatf enjoy, or digest. Stn. Bear. Tolerate. Endure. Permit. AST. Resist. Resent Reject Browbeat, v. tr. Sax. hrav, the brow. To beat down by the expression of the countenance. Syn. Intimidate, Bullv. Overbear Cow. Overawe. Akt. Encourage. Rally. SupiwrL Countenance, Beuisb, v. tr. Old Fr. hruser, to break. See Break and Bray, Brttnt, n. Sax. bront. Conn. with Bum. A hot raging vio- lence. Stn. Impulse. Attack. Onslaught Ag-. gression. Ant. Resistance. Endurance. Repul- sion. Brush, v. net. and venter. Old Fr. brosse. Conn, with Bristle. 1. The rapid motion of cleansing. 2, Eapid motion in close proxi- mity. 3. Rapid motion in the abstract. Stn. AVipe. Cleanse. Sweep, Dust Scrub. Scrape. Graze. Touch. Jostle. Scud. Stir. Scamper. Hasten. Bolt Ant. BefouL Begrime. SoiL Avoid. Clear. Kecede. Dawdlt Lag. Brutal, adj. Brutum. Having any of the qualities or the cha- racter of a brute or brutes. Syn. Savage. Inhuman. Rude. Stolid. Ignorant Dense. CnieL Violent. Vin- dictive. Bloodthirsty. Intemperate. Ant. Humane. Civilized. Generous. Intelligent. Polished. Chivalrous. Con- scientious. Self-controlled. Bubble, n. Germ, poppelrij to hfibble. Used metaphorically for almost anything wanting solidity. Syn. Trifle. Toy, Conceit Fancy. Vision. Dream. Froth. Trash. Ant. Acquisition. Prize. Treasure^ R'^ality. Substance. Verity. Jewel. Good. Advantage. Buffoon, n. It, buffa, jolce. Srx. AVag. Clown. Jester. The characteristic quality of the buffoon is, that he makes himself a fool for the amusement of others ; that his jokes depend not so much on vdt as on tricks, pranks, postures, and external drolleries. AsT. Wit Genius. Philosopher. F«- dant Visionary Dissembler Hypucnte; Knthusiitst Prig, Synonyms and Antonyms. 61 Building, n. Build. Old Eng. bolde, building. Sin. Edifice. Archlteoture. Construc- tion. Structure. Erection. Fabric. Ant. Ruin. Dilapidation. Dismantle- ment. Demolition. BuiLDEK. See Building. Bulk, h. Northern word, meaning swelling. Taken to ex- press the quantify of space occu- pied by a substance, or its quality of entireness. Sometimes, how- ever, used like mass, as equi- valent to the greater part. Syn. Mass. Whole. Entirety. Integrity. Majority. Size. Magnitude, Body. Ex- tension. Ant. Tenuity. Minority. Dismember- ment. Disintegration. Diminution. Por- tion. Contraction. Section. Fai'ticle. Atom. Bulky, adj. See Bulk. Stn. Hugp. Unwieldy. Heavy. Large. Ample. Ponderous. Gigantic. Burly. Brawny. Cumbrous. Massive. Akt. Small. Light. Slight. Airy. De- licate. Nimble, Thin. Attenuated. Sylph- like. Slender. Puny. Tluy. BuLLT, n. Der. uncertain. Variously derived from Burly, Boil, and the assumed arrogance of popes' bulls. See Blusterer. Bungler, n. From Bungle. Der. quite unknown. Stn. Botcher. Clown. Fumbler. Lubber. Novice. Ant. Adept. Adroit. Master. Artist. Workman. Proficient. Professor. Buoy, v. tr. Low Lat. bofa. A log or clog of wood bound with metal. Used metaphorically. Syn. Float. Support. Sustain. Klevate. Elate. ASi>ure. Animate. Cheer. Inspire. Ant. Sink. Drown. Depress. Swamp. Overcome. Deject. Crush. Fail. Betray. Buoyant, adj. See Buoy. S™. Light. Floating. Hopeful. Cheer- ful. Elastic. Joyous. Akt. Heavy. Depressed. Cheerless, /ojless. Dejected. Moody. Desponding. Burden, v. Northern word, with the root Bear. Anything borne, being weighty. Physically or metaphorically, or the effect of it, as, labour, difBoulty, or grief. Syn. Load. Weight. Incubus. Obstmc- tion. Oppression, Difficulty, Grief, Afflic- tion. Ant, Ease. Lightness. Airiness. Fa- cility. Expedition, Acceleration. Abjuga- tion. Liberation, Light-heartednesa. Ccn- solatlon. Alleviation, Assuagement. Miti- gation. Disburdenment, Burke, v. From an Irish murderer, who suffocated his victims with pitch plaster ; hence, to remove with as little noise and violence as possible. Syn. Stifle. Shelve. Strangle, Smother. Ant. Enucleate. Propound. Promulge. Publicate. Promote. Foster. Eliminate. Ventilate. Reanimate. Suscitate. Bruit. Burlesque, n. and adj. It. and Sp. hurla, mockery. The word is restricted by usage to the ludicrous exhibition of matter which is in itself not of that cha- racter. It is synonymous with Satire, only so far as that it is in itself satirical ; not that it has the object of satire — to ridicule persons or vices. ' It is generally literary. Syn. Parody. Satire. Travesty. Cari- cature. Grotesque. Ant. to adj. Classic. Pure. Severe Tragic. Historic. Grave. Truthful. BuELY, adj. Der. uncertain. Bo da, a tassel, in Span. Thick. See Bulky. Burn, v. Sax. brennan, to burn. Act. and neut. Used in the neut. metaph., to be under the influ- ence of desire. Syn, Ignite, Kindle, Brand. Cauterize. Consume. Rage. Glow. Blaze, Flash Smoulder, Ant, Extinguish, Stifle. Subside. Cool. Glimmer. Lower. Wane. Pale. Burnish, o. tr. Fr. brmnr. Sax. h'un, brawn.. It seems hard to connect the ideas of brownness and brightness. Probably, how- ever, the metals at the first bum- 62 Synonyms and Antonyms. inhod w()re the less precious. So a bar of iron would, be burnished ; but the more attractive idea of burnishing gold has given to the term a Ughter lustre than what originally belonged to it. Sin. Polish. Brighten. Glaze. Gloze. Ant. Scratch. DulL Abrade. Be^m. Cloud. Frost. Malt. Btjbst. V. int. Sax. herstan. Act. and neut. Syn. Displode. Extravasate. Discharge. Shiver. Shatter. Explode. Ant. Hold. Cohere. Stand. Burst, n. See v. Bury, v. tr. Sax. Conn, with Burrow. Used often in a meta- phorical sense. Syn. Inter. Inhume. Conceal. Repress. Suppress. Obliterate. Cancel. Compose. Hush. Ant. Disinter. Exhume. Bruit. Ex- pose, Exec Business, n. Germ, lesig, h-usy. 1 , That about which one is busy. 2 That which has been brought about by any means. Stw. Occupation. Profession. Trade. Calling Office. Employment. Interest. Duty. Affair. Matter. Concern. Ant. Stagnation. Leisure. Inactivity. Bustle, «. Der. uncertain; but probably same as Busy, of which it expresses the weak side. It expresses the condition of per- sons and places, that is, persons collectively. .Syn. Bnshiess. Stir. Activity. Com- mot on. Energy. Excitement. Haste. Hurry, Eagcrnei^s. Flurry. Ant, Idleness. Vacation. Inactivity. Indolence. Indifference. Uncouceriiedness. Coolness. Calm. Stagnation, Quiet. De- 9?rlioii, But, adv. and prep. Sax. butav, to he without. So, about, on the outer side; hence, the force of But is limitation or exception. ' None but he ' would mean none put him out or excepi him. Syh, Save. Except. Barririg, Preside. Yet. Kxcliiding, Ant, With, Includine. Inclusive. fto> withstanding. Nevertheless. However. BuxoM, adj. Germ, hieymm, cmnpliant. The other ideas at- tached to the word, hence, are accretive, such as — Syn. Bonny. Blithe. Shapely, &c., foF which see Bonuy. Buy, v. tr. Sax. To procui-e anything for money, not only materials but indirect advan- Syn. Purchase. Bribe. Subsidize. Suborn. The three latter are applied to persons, not possessions. Ant. SelL Vend. Hawk. EetaU. Butee, n. See Buy. C. Heb Cabal, n. Pr. cdbale. gabhala, mystic tradition. A cabal, as the word is com- monly used, is a company united in a close design. The Hebrew element of handing down the traditions of the association being lost sight of. By a quaint co- incidence, in 1671, the initial letters of the British cabinet ministers formed the word cabal. Syn, Confederacy, Conspiracy. Combi- nation, Coterie. Gang. Faction. Conclave, Clique, Ant, ParliamenL Legislation. menL Empire. Council, Synod, Cabalistic, adj. See In this word there is no political tinge, but only that of mystic interpretation. Syn, Mystic Symbolical. FanclftU. Occult. Ant, Patent. Practical. Instructive. Lucid. Simple. Cabbage, v. tr. Old Fr. choux cabus. Headed cole, from captit. Comp. the heraldic term, Csi- boshed, beheaded. League. Govern- Cabal. Synonyms and Antonyms. 63 To Ciibbage is to filch, as tailors are said to snip cloth to thoir own advantage. The idea seems to be that of snipping off. But comp. Du. kabassen. SlTJ, Rob. Steal. Filch. Pocket. Shirk. Crib. ]?iUaEe. AbstracL Pilfer. Purloin. AST. See Purloin. Cachinnation, n. Cachinnare. A monkey's grin ; the lowest as- pect of laughter. Syh. Grin. Chuclde. Giggle. Snigger. Titter. Caclsle. A^T. Long-facedness. 'VVliine. Whimper. Cackle, n. A term formed in imitation of the noise of a hen, and bearing the twofold sense of langhter and tale-bearing — pointing the moral that slander commonly comes of silliness. /See Cachmiiation, and Blab, Bab- bler, Babble. Cadaverous, adj. Cadaver, a corpse, from cado, 2 fall. Like a corpse. Stn. Pale. Exsanguineous. Bloodless. Hpeless. Pallid. Ashy. Ghastly. Ant. Rosy. Incarnadine. Sanguine. Chubby. Brawny. Caducity, n. Caducus, given to falling. Cado, I fall. Stn. Decline. Infirmity. Decrepitude. Senility. Decadence. Transience. Delicacy. Ami. Youth. FreshnesB. Vigour. Vi- tality. Renovation. Permanence. Cage, v. tr. Norm. cage. Snr. Imprison. Immure. Incarcerate. Confine. Cabin. Crib. Ant. Liberate. Free. Dismiss. Unbar. Caitiff, n. Captivus. It. cat- tivo, had. As if servitude and op- pression tended, as they certainly do, to the moral deterioration of men. Snt. Rascal. Miscreant Rogue. Churl. ViUain. Ruffian. , ., , AnT. Worthy. Gentleman. Philanthro- pist. Patriot. Cajole, v. tr. Fr. cajoler. To flatter, from Norman cage. Either to allure into a cage, and so to entrap ; or to keep up a chatter- ing, wheedling talk, like a bird in a cage. Stn. Tempt. Lure. Wheedle. Coax. Flatter. Inveigle. Dupe. Akt. Chide. Rate. Scold. Warn. Calamitous, Calamity. Cala- mus, a stalk. A blasting or blight- ing influence on the grain. An influence of ill personally or col- lectively. Adj. and n. DoubtfuL Sin. Disaster. Misfortune. Migadven- ture. Trouljle. Visitation. Affliction. Re- verse. Blight. Ant. Blessing. Boon. God-send. Stn. to Calamitous, adj. Disastrous. Un- fortunate. Troublous. Ill-starred. Inaus- picious. Ill-omened. Aht. Felicitous. Fortmiate. Auspicious. Favourable. Propitious. Advantageous. Calculate, v. tr. Calx, cal- culus. A pebble used in primi- tive apparatus for counting. Stn. Consider. Estimate. Weigh. Ap- portion. Proportion. Investigate. Reclion. Compute. Ant. Conjecture. Guess. Hit. Chance. Risk. Sta1j:e. Miscalculate. Calculated, adj. See Calcu- late. Stn. Fitted. Adapted. Congenial. Con- ducive. Ant. Unfitted. Unadapted. Uncon- genial. Unconducive. Adverse. Unquali- fied. Unsuited. Miscalculated. Ill-adapted. Calculating, adj. See Calcu- late. Stn. Wary. Cautious. Circumspect. Sa- gacious. Farsighted. Careful. Guai-ded. Akt. Shortsighted. Dull Obtuse. Im. provident. Incautious. Rash. Careless. Calculation. See Calculate. The fact and the quality. Stn. Consideration. Estimation. Balance. Apportionment. Investigation. Reckoning, Computation. Anticipation. Caution. Care. Ant. Inconsiderateness. Inconsideration. Incautiun. Indiscretion. Miscalculation. Misconception. Exclusion. Oraisfiion. Se- position. Exception. Carelessnestt Calibre, «. SaidtobeyMa libra. With what weight of ball; or, possibly, a cori'uption of equi- librium, that is, proportion ol Synonyms and Antonyms. Allay. Corn- Excite. Lasli. Disconcert. Lat. ccdum- 64 bore to ball. The extent or force of mind. Derivation doubtful Stk. Gauge. Diameter. Capacity. Ability. Force. Strength. Power. Ant. Its correlative, as, character, mind, &c. Calm, v. tr. It. and Span. culmii. Possibly connected with Gr. Kavfia, heat. The heat of the day ; a dead calm. Sys. LSmooth. Pacify, pose. Still. Ant. Stir. Agitate. Ruffle. Heat. Discompose. CALUMSIATOK, 11 niari. .Sin. Ste Backbiter. Calumny, n. See above. Syk. Slander. Defamation. Detraction. Libel. TraJucement. Ant. Vindication. Cleai-ance. Eulogy. Panegyric. Cancel, v. tr. GannelU, bars or gratinff. Comp. Chancel, a railed portion of a church ; Chan cellor, the judge within the rails, To obliterate a document by lines crossing and recrossing, like a grating. The annulling of a deed, obligation, or circumstance. Sra. Obliterate. Erase. Abolish. Coun- tervail. Discharge. Aht. Enforce. Enact. Re-enact. Con- firm. Perpetuate. Contract. Candid, ad/. Oandidus. Of a shining, as distinct from a dead whiteness. Of transparent dis- position, from candere, to hum. Comp. Candle. Used metaphori- cally of transparency of disposi- tion. Srw. Fair, Honest. Open. Transparent. Unreserved. Ingenious. Sincere. Ant. Unfair. Close. Mysterious. Re- lerved. Shuffling. Disingenuous. Insin- cere. Jesuitical. Candidate, n. Candidata toga, the robe of a more shining white, worn by those who sought offices in ancient Eome. Sra. Aspirant. Canvasser. Applicant. ^titloner. Solicitor. Claimant. Ant. Waiver. Eeslgner. Abjurer. CANDOtTR, n. Canon, Decliner. Abandonci Noncompetitor. See Candid. Gr. A hollow cane, used as a rule or measure. The qualities of length and hnl- lowness survived ia the word cannon, which is the same word. (Technically, in the Church, a dignitary.) Stn. Rule. Measure. Test. Law. Re- gulation. Ant. .Misguidance. Antinomy. Irregu- larity. Misrul6. Canvass, v. tr. Cannabin, hemp. This, made into coarse cloth, would be the material of ships' sails or the painter's canvas. The same kind of cloth might be used as a strainer; hence, to can- vass would literally be to strain off minute particles of sediment ; or, metaphorically, to inspect de- tails, as, of a statement. After- wards, a careful application to every individual of a constitu- ency for his votes, in order to he returned to office. Stn. Question. Investigate. Cliallenge. Test. Dispute. Solicit. Ant. Pretermit. Allow. Ignore. Dis- regard. Admit. Pass. Misexamine. Mis- investigate. Capability, n. Capio, I take or hold. Capability is, strictly speaking, undeveloped capacity, and bears reference to matters of action, as capacity to matters of mind and understanding. S™. aeverness. Aptitude. Talent Ca- pacity. Power. Facility. Faculty. AST. Dulness. Inaptitude. Awkward- ness. Difficulty. Capacity, n. Capax, capere. The power of holding, grasping, or comprehending. See ^pa- bility. It is techiiically used for character or part. Synonyms and Antonyms Stk. Space. Size. Volume. Tonnage. Calibre. Compreheiisis-eness. Accommoda- tion. Ant. Narrowness. Resirlction. Incapa- city. Coarctation. Contractedness. Capacious, af^j. See Capacity, vStn. Spacious. Voluminous. Compre- hensive. Ample. Accommodative. Kxten- 6ive. Wide. Ant. Narrow. Restricted. Limited. Confined. Shallow. Contracted. Petty. Capital, adj. Caput, the head, Stn. Chief. Excellent. Important Car- uinal. Principal. Consummate. High. Ant. Inferior. Unimportant Subordi- nate. Minor. Defective. Mean. Capitulate, v. int. Caput , ca- pitulare. A heading, chapter, or clause, especially the conditions of a treaty of surrender. Stn. Stipulate. Surrender. Yield. Sub- mit. Ant. Resist Struggle. Contend. Caprice, n. See Capricious. Capricious, adj. Caper, a goat. Like the frisldness or wantonness of a goat. Syn. Wayward. Uncertain. Changeful. Whimsical. Humorsome. Crotdiety. Fickle. Inconstant. . Ant. Firm. Unchanging. Inflexible. Decided. Unswerving. Constant Captious, adj. CaptarCy capere, to catch. Given to .catching at defects or objections. Stu. Carping. Cavilling. Censorious. Hypercritical. Ant. Appreciative. Commendatory. En- couraging, Complimentary. Approving, X>audatory. Flattering. Captivated, part. See above. Stn. Taken. Charmed. Smitten, Fas- cinated. Enslaved. Captured, Enthralled. Ant. Free. U naifected. Uninfluenced. Unscathed, Insensible. Insensitive. Captivating, adj. See above. SvN. Charming. Fascinating. Bewitch- ing, Alluring. Seductive. Attractive. ^ Akt. Hideous. Loathsome. Repulsive. tJncaptivating. Uninteresting, Cardinal, adj. Cardo, a hinge. Important enough to be that on which a thing turns or hinges. Afi important as the hinge to the 65 door by which it stands and moves; hence, chief, important. 'S'ee Capital. Care, n. Cura, care. Is used of attentive anxiety of mind, and also the exhibition of it, as. cau- tion or custody. Sth. Attention. Pains. Anxiety. Soli- citude. Caution. Prevention. Custody. Preservation. Thrift F.oresight. Wariness. Prudence. Economy. Heed. Aht. Inattention. Neglect Indifference. Carelessness. Disregard. Temerity. Re- missness. Improvidence. Unguardedness. Incaution. Career, n. CarruSj a waggon or cart. Comp. Cart, Carry, Car- riage, Charge. Cargo, &c. A road, A way of progress or suc- cess in life. SrN. Course. Success. Walk. Line. Progress. Ant. Misproceeding. Unfiuccess, Mis- deportment. Miscarriage. Careful, adj. See Care. Careless, adJ, See Care. Caress, n. Caritia, endear- ment, from cams, dear. Stn. Endearment. Blandishment. Strok- ing. Wheedling. Fondling. Ant. Vexation. Irritation, Annoyance. Teasing. Persecution, Provocation. Cargo. See Career. Syn. Freight. Burden. Load. Con- signment Ant. Conveyance. Bearer. Carrier. . Caricature, n. Carrus. See Career, Caricare, to carry about. Either, therefore, absurd charac- ters going about in carts, as at fairs, or an overcharged, over- loaded description or delineation. It is used broadly of all exag- gerated or ludicrous descriptions. Stn. Mimicry. Travesty. Parody. Bur- lesque. Extravagance. Exaggeration. Hy- perbole. Monstrosity. Ant. Portraiture. Representation. Re- semblance. Justice. Fidelity. Truth- fnlness. Caunage, n. See Carnal A moBB of massacred lemains. G« Synonyms and Antonyms. Syn. Massacre. Slaughter. Bloodshed. Butchery, Ant. Rimsom. Deliverance. Quarter. Oaknal, adj. Garo, carmis, flesh. Stn. Fleshly. Sensual. Licentlons. Self-indulgent. Animal. Base. Coarse. Ant. Spiritual. Ethereal. Pure. Self- controlled. Temperate. Exalted. Refined. Cabnival, n. Carne vale, fare- well to the flesh. The last days of festivity before Lent : used of rollicking festivities in general. Syn. Revel. Route. Masquerade. Fes- tivity. Ant. Fast. Mortification. Retirement. Lent. Carol, v. int. Low Lat., Carola. Formed, perhaps, from chorus ; originally a combination of song and dance; afterwards, song of more than one without the dancing ; lastly, the cheerful notes of a solitary singer. Stn. sins. Warble. Chirp. Whistle. Chirrup. Chant. Hum. Ant. Whine. Croak. Cry. Dirge. Lament. Carouse, n. Old Fr. Oarousse. Syn. Festivity. Feast. Banquet. Revel. Debauch. Ant. Fast. Starvation. Maceration. Abstinence. Caep, V. inf. Garpere, to pluck or pick. To pick holes, more especially in statements of others, and for the sake of fault-finding. As a transitive verb it is followed by the preposition at. Stn. Cavil. Censure. Challenge. Over- haul. Canvass. Hypercritioise. Catch. Object Ant. Allow. Concede. Admit. Com- pliment. Encourage. Approve. Applaud. Endorse. Acquiesce. Assent. Cabpbt, n. Said to be from tapis and caire or cairo, as we say a Turkey carpet. Of old, the word was used for a covering of the table as well as the floor; hence to be on the tapis, or car- pet, was to be not o» the floor. but the table, as matter of con- sultation. Stn. Board. Table. ConeideratioD, Consultation. Ant. Shelf. Rejection. Disposal. Ob- livion. Carriage, n. Garrus. See Caricature. Has not only the direct active physical sense of transportation, as well as the neuter sense of movement or bearing, but the moral and re- flexive sense of demeanour or conduct. It is also used of the thing on which we carry. Stn. Transportation. Conveyance. Bear- ing. Manner. Conduct. Demeanour. Ant. Mlsconveyance. Miscarriage. Mis- conduct. Misconsigument Case, n. The multiplicity of meanings belonging to this word springs partly from its broad and generic character, but partly also from the fact that it is in- deed two words in one, being derived in one sense from casvs, a befalling, from cadere, to fall, and in others from capsa, a chest or box. For instance, the medical man uses one word when he speaks of a case of fever, the other, when he speaks of his case of instruments. Both words have suggested metaphorical meanings. Such are the fol- lowing. Stn. Occurrence. Circumstance. Fact Subject. Condition. Instance. Ant. Hypothesis. Supposition. Theory. Fancy. Conjecture. Cast, v. Of Northern origin. The root idea is, to throw. The kind or direction of throwing determines the character of the metaphor. Stn. So, to throw down, as the wrestler ; aside, to reject; into condemnation, as a lawsuit; before the mind's eye, so to project or forecast; abroad, and so spread; into shape, and so mould, e amp, or characterize. Ant. Raise. Elevi ,te. Recover, direct Synonyms and Antonyms. Accept. Approve. Retain. Cany. Ignore. Miscalculate, Misproride, Breali. l)issi- pate. Dismember. Dislocate. Cast, n. Stn. Mould. Stamp. Kind. Cliaracter. Ant. Malformation, Dulbrmity. Ab- normity. Caste, n. Castus, pure. Pure or immixed lineage, as the here- ditary castes of India. As the Indian term is colour, the sense of colour has imperceptibly at- tached itself to the word caste. It is taken to signify the class of the reputable and honoured. Syn. Class. Order. Rani?. Lineage. Race. Blood. Dignity. Respect. Ant. Degradation. Taboo. Disrepute. Abasement. Reproach. Castigate, v. tr. Castus, pure. To purify or correct by personal discipline or punishment. Stn. Whip. Flagellate. Cane. Ant. Reward. Encourage, Decorate. Caress. Casual, adj. Casus, a hefall- ing. Cadere, to fall. Stn. Accidental. Occasional. Incidental. Fortuitous. Contingent Ant. Regular. Ordinary. Systematic. Periodic. Certain. Fixed. See Casualty. Casttalty, n. See Casual. Chance or liability, with a leaning to the unfavourable. Stn. Accident. Contingency. Chance. Mischance. See Accident. Ant. Appointment. Assignment. Pro- vision. Ordinance. Enactment. Casuistry, n. See Casual. The science of treating cases of conscience. As this is popularly considered to result in unnecessary and un- edifying refinements, the term has acquired the popular accepta- tion of straw-splittiQg. Stn. Sophistry. Jesuitry. Fallacy. ■ Befinement. Quibble. Straw-splitliug, Ant. Reason. Conscience. Common- lense. Catastrophe, n. Kara, and VTpofi, a turn. A sudden down- 67 ward or unfavourable turn of things. Stn. Revolution. Disaster. Calamity. Misfortune. Misadventure. Reverse. Blow Visitation. AjfT. Blessing, Victory. Triumph. Achievement. Felicitation. Ovation. Sue- ceiis. Godsend. Catch, v. tr. See Captious. Physical and mental. Sy». Take. Siege. Arrest. Compre hend. Hit, OTertaba Apprehend. Ant. Lose. Miss, Misapprehend. Catechism, n. Kara, and ^xos, sound. Oral instruction or ex- amination by question and an- swer. Hence a collection of items of belief or persuasion. SY2f. Erotetics. Socratics. Interrogation, Greed. System. Cumpendium. Ant. Beading. Excogitation. Ela- boration. Catechumen, n. See Cate- chism. One under process of preparatory instruction. Syn. Tyro. Learner. PupiL Novice. Scholar. Ant. Master. Doctor. Professor. Teacher. Savant. Categorical, adj\ Kara, and ayop€V(o, I state. Appertaining to directness of statement. Stn. Pla in. Posi ti ve. Declaratory. Demonstrative. Affirmative. Distinct. Ant. Obscure. Uncertain. Dubious. Contingent. Hypothetical. Ambiguous. Oracular. Enigmatical. Mystical. Hazy. Category, n. See Categorical. Used in its Aristotelian sense of abstract classification, and thence of classification generally. Stn. State. Kind. Condition. Nature Order. Sort. Class. Predicament. Mode Ant. Essence. Truth. Being. Causality, n. Causa, a cause. The property of producing effects, sometimes used of the faculty ot tracing them. Stn. Evpnfuallty. Potentiality. Elfpr- tuality. Pruduciiveness. Operativeness, Condufiveiifss. Ant. Prevent! veness. Obstructivenees. Retardativentss. Counturactivity. Unpit^ r 2 68 Synonyms and Antonyms. ductiveness. IneffeCuiveness, Barrenness. Xnoperatlvedess. Catjsation, n. See Causality. Causation is the process, as causability is the property, of producing effects. Cause, n. Causa. That by force or reason of which some- thing else is brought about. Aristotle's causes were efScient, final, material, and formal, nearly answering to the agent, or origin, the purpose, the logical definition, and the creation. Of these, only the first was a cause, in the mo- dern sense ; the rest were scien- tific views and philosophical ac- counts and modes of conception. It is popularly used in the sense of a common purpose which men have at heart. Syn. Source. Origin. Agent. Producer. Creator. Purpose. Inducement. Reason. Account. Principle. Motive. Ant. EEFect, Result, Accomplishment. End. Production. Issue. Preventive. GavstiO, adj. Kala,fut,Kaia-ci>, 1 hurn. Used physically and metaphorically of style, of re- mark, or expression. Stn. Burning. Mordant. Pungent. Irritating. Biting. Pointed. Sarcastic. Trenchant. Severe. AST. Pointless. Mild. Soothing. Con- ciliating. Vapid. Flat Tame. Caution, n. Cavere, to heware. Prudential foresight. SvN. See Care and Calculation. Cavil, v. int. Cavum, a hollow ; cavellum, a little hole. The pick- ing holes needlessly — the making empty and hollow criticism. See Carp. Caviller. See Cavil. Cklebeation, n. Geleher, fre- quent. The frequent or periodic keeping up of the public or do- mestic remembrance of events or persons, by ceremon'ea ; after wards admitting of this withoul the idea of repetition, SrK. Commemoration, Solemnization Observance. Ant. Oblivion. Inobservance. Desuetude Obsolescence. CsLEBBATBD, adj. See Cele- bration. Syn, Famed. Renowned, Ulustriona Famous. Noted. Distinguished, Notable, Exalted, Ant. TJnrenowned. Obscure. Undis- tinguished. Unknown. Mean. Disgraced. Celebrity, n. See above. The quality of being celebrated. Also sometimes signifying an illustrious person. Stk. Fame. Honour. Glory, Eepnta. tion. Distinction. Renown. Star. Nota* billty. Ant. Obscurity. Meanness. Inglorions- ness. Ignominy, Disgrace, Contempt Cipher. Nobody. Celerity, n. Oder, quick. Syn, Rapidity. Velocity. Speed. ,T)e- spatch. Haste, Ant, Slowness, Inertness, Sluggisl* ness. Tardiness. Cambrousness. Celestial, adj. Caelum. Be- longing to the heavens, or heaven; that is, either the visible or spi- ritual heaven. Syn, Heavenly, Atmospheric. Ethereal Supernal. Angelic Radiant Eternal Immortal. Ant. Earthly. TerrestriaL Terrene, Sublunary. Human. Mortal Hellish, Infernal. Cement, n. and v. Fr. Cement. Ccedimentum. Ccedere, to cut or chip, because made of chips ol stone or marble bruised. Meta- phorically used for unitive oi consolidating power. Stn. To v. Bind. Bond. Unite. Per. petuate. Consolidate. Ant. Detach. Dissolve. Dissociate. Di» integrate. Divorce. Censorious, adj. Censeo, 1 estimate. Censor, the ancieni Roman state-offleer of morals. Its present acceptation implies Synonyms and Antonyms. 69 being sotoewliat trnduly given to criticism, and especially ex- pression of blame towards indi- ■viduals. See Cavil and Carp. Cknsuee, n. See Censorious. The expression of opinion about others, partly from their fault and partly from our OTvn, is most likely to turn to blame. Hence, SrN. Blame. Stricture. Disapproval. KemoDstraQce. Kebuke. Eeprimand. Dispraise. AST. Praise. Eulogy. Approbation. Encouragcmeut Commendation. Central, adj. Gr. Kivrpov, a prick, thorn, a sharp point. The point round which the circle is drawn. Used of localities near the centre of a district, and so, generally accessible. Syn. Mediate. Accessible. Cbnvenient Ant. Remote. Inaccessible. Inconvenient, Cbntralize, V. tr. See Cen- tral. To draw to a point or centre. Stn. Concentrate. Localize. Fix. Col- lect. Akt. Disperse. Disseminate. Distribute. Apportion. Divide. Delocalize. Ceremonial, adj. Appertain- ing to ceremony. Also used as a noun for a ceremony regarded more in detail. A public and prolonged ceremony. Stn, OfBcial. Ministerial. Functional. Pompous, Imposing. Sumptuous. Scenic. Ant, Ordinary. Private. Unimposing. Unostentatious. Undramatic. Ceremonious, adj. Unduly given to form and ceremony. The noun is derived from Ocere, 3 city of ancient Etruria, from which country Eome derived its ancient rehgious ceremonies, oflces, forms of state, and the iike. Stn. Punctilious, Formal. AST. Brusque. Blunt. Supercilious. Bluff. Unceremonious. Certain, adj. Certits, orig. part., from Cerno, I discern. The original idea, therefore, is that sureness which is assur- ance. Truth, not in the abstract, but as ascertained or verified, now used to indicate absolute certainty, irrespective, that is, of ourselves. It is not confined to present or past facts, but relates to the future when regarded as being as sure as if it were present. Thus, 'the rising of to-morrow's sun is certain.' It has also an apparently and sepa- rate force, as in the phrase 'a certain man.' The meaning hero seems to be an assurance on the part of the narrator, that such a man is or was implying that this, without detail of name or de- scription, is suflcient for the purposes of the story. Stn. True. Fixed. Established, Regu- lar. Incontrovertible. Undoubtful, Un- deniable, Positive. Convinced. Assured. Ant. Uncertain. Dubious, Exceptional. Irregular. Casual, Occasional. Question- able. Doubtful. Uncertain. Yaclllating. Undecided, Certainly, adv. See Certain Stn. Surely. Positively. Unquestion- ably. Ant. Possibly. Probably. Perhaps. Contingently. Occasionally. Doubtfully. Certainty, n. See Certain. Is used objectively and subjec- tively, that is, of fixity of facts, and of confidence in the observer or speaker. Stn. Assurance, Demonstrableness. Posi- tiveness, Unquestionablenees. Confidence. Conviction. Ant. Dubiousne.ss. Precarionsness. Casualty. Vicissitude. Uncertainty. Ir- regularity. Hesitation. Doubt. Misgiving. Cul^ecture, Indecision. Certify, v. tr. See above. To declare or prove certain, is used of things and of persons in 70 Synonyms and Antonyms. the sense of conyince or make certain. Syk. Acknowledge. Aver. Avow. Avouch. Testify. Protest. Declare. De- monstrate. Prove. Evidence. Inform. Assure. Ant. Disprove, Disavow. Misinform. Misadvise. Cessation, n. Gessare, from cedere, to cease. SxK. Stopping. Halt. Discontinuance. Quiescence. Suspension. Intermission. Abeyance. Pause. Rest. Ant. Continuance. UninteiTUptedneas. Unintermission. Incessancy. Cession, n. Cedere, to grant. Syn. Concession. Yielding. Surrender Abandonment. Rellnquisliment. Grant. Ant. Retention. Claimance. Mainte- nance. Appropriation. Usurpation. Vin- dication. AssumptioiL Chape, v. tr. and int. Calefa- cere, to make hot. Syn. Gall. Vex. Irritate. Chagrin. Tea-ie. Harass. Disappoint. Grieve. Annoy. Worry, n. Calcitrate. Resent Resist. Fret. Fidget. Writhe. Ant. Soothe. Smooth. Coax. Calm. Humour. Console, n. Submit. Endure. Crouch. Truclde. Succumb. Chaff, n. and v. Saxon ceaf, a pod or husk. Stn. Banter. Badinage. Nonsense. Fri- volity. Trash, Chafer. Ant. Emphasis. Seriousness. Sense. Substance. Reason. Argument. Pith. Marrow. Gist. Chaffee, v. int. Conn, with Cheap, an old word for market. Stn. Haggle. Bargain. Stirkle. Higgle. Boggle. .ciNT. Close. Conclude. Agree. Nego- tiate. Chagrin, n. and v. A galling vexation. Chagrin or Chagreen, a hard granulated leather (used also of a certain tough fish-skin, which might be supposed to chafe the lunbs). See Chafe, Challenge, v. tr. Calumniari. To impeach, and so force a man to clear himself. To summon to account for himself, as the chal- lenge of a sentinel. As applied to statements, to dispute, or, at least, caU in question, Stn. Defy. Dare. Summon. Question. Investigate. Canvass. Ant. Pass. Allow. Grant. Concede. Champion, n. Uampio, eamjms. A man of the field or lists. A man of battle, especially on be- half of some person or cause. Also an acknowledged chief in some department of competition. Sin. Hero. Combatant. Warrior. Vin- dicator. Challenger. Protector. Defender, Ant. Renegade. Deserter. Poltroon, Miscreant. Traitor. Coward. Adversary. Opponent. Chance, n. Oadentia, cadere, to fall. A befalment. It has been said that chance flows, 1, from absence of assignable cause ; 2, absence of aim or design. There is no essential difference between these, as the design would be the cause. Stk. Accident Fortuity. Hazard. Ran- dom. Casualty. Befalment. Luck, Ant. Law. Rule. Sequence. Conse- quence. Causation. Effectuation. Inten- tion. Purpose. Design. Certainty. Change, n. and v. Cambire, whence cambist, one learned in the theory of exchange. Has the threefold meaning of, 1, altera- tion; 2, substitution; 3, vicissi- tude. Fr. changer. Stn. Alter. Vary. Modify. Diversify. Qualily. Transmute. Substitute. Fluc- tuate. Shift Veer. Exchange. Ant. Conserve. Retain. Stabilitote. Fix. Clinch. Stand. Endure. Last Hold. Changeable, adj., Changeful, adj. iSee Change. It were well to keep up the distinction between these words, so as to use the former for such vicissitude as comes of human will or caprice, and the latter of the variableness of incidents and natural influences. So, change- Synonyms and Antonyms. 71 fulness of weather or life ; ohange- ableness of disposition. Snt. Resrular. Settled. Steady. Firm. Stationary. Consistent. Eesolute. Reliable. Undeviating. Uniform. Immutable. Im- movable. Ant. Irregular. Unsettled. Unsteady. Wavering. Fluctuating. Capricious. Irre- solute. Vacillating. Variable. Mutable. Plastic. ChAEACTBB, n. Gr. yapda-ara, 1 groove or engrave. A sculp- tured symbol, as an alphabetical character. Taten for the aggre- gate of the mental and moral qualities. The social personalily of the man ; hence, also, the esti- mation in which he is held by society, which is repute ; or hfe fixed place in it, sometimes called capacity; of things with- out hfe, lie siamp or order. Sto. Symbol. Type. Letter. Nature. Disposition. Genius. Temperament. Cast. Estimation. Repute. Reputation. Office. Part. Capacity. Class. Order. Sort. Stamp. Kind. Airr. Vagueness. Anonymousness. Non- description. Disrepute. Chaeaotebistio, k. and adj. See CJharacter. Stamping with a distinctive character, or pecu- liarly appertaining. Stw. to adj. Distincllve. Specific. Pe- culiar. Diagnostic. Idiosyncratic. Am?. Common, Generic. Indistinctive. General. Unspecial. Impersonal. Sra. to noun. Distinction Peculiarity. Diagnosis. Idiosyncrasy. Specialty. Indi- viduality. Personality. Singularity. Ant. Abstractedness. Nondescription. Generality. Miscellany. Chakaotebizb, V. tr. See CJharacter. Sra. Mark. Distinguish. Descritie. In- dividualize. Specify. Identify. Akt. Hint Insinuate. Suggest. Sketch. Adumbrate. Charge, v. tr. See Career. The rudimental notion is that of purposely placing something upon another person, or place, or thing, as the depository of it, or that to which it is consigned. Hence such various meanings aa the following, involving, injunc- tion, trust, accusation, assault, valuation, liability. Syn. Direct. Enjoin. Advise. Admonish. Entrust. Commit. Load. Accuse. Im- peach. Attack. Assault Impute. Carry. AnT. .Clear. Free. Discharge. Acquit. Liberate. The noun follows these signifi- cations. Charitable, adj. Charity. Oaritas. The Christian grace of love to God and man. Syu. Kind. Benign. Benevolent Bene- ficent. Liberal. Considerate. Forgiving. Compassionate. Placable. Inexacting. In- extreme. Ant. Uncharitable Unkind. Harsh. Selfish. Churlish. Illiberal. Censorious. Unforgiving. Uncompasslonate. Implaca- ble. Extreme. Exacting. Betahatlve, Re- vengeful. Chakm, V. and n. Carmen, u, song or magical incantation. To charm is to afieot, as if magically, like bewitch. Charms are those objects or personal at- tractions, which have such an effect, either in enslaving the affections or subduing the fierce- ness or hostility of persons or influences. SrN. Bewitch. Enchant. Fascinate. Lay. Soothe. Mesmerize. Delight. En- trance. Captivate. Subdue. Ant. Disenchant Disillusionize. Excite. Rouse. Disturb. Annoy. Irritate. Alarm. Terrifly. Eepel. Disgust Chary, adj. From Care. Taking care of a thing, so as to be unwilUng to part with it; hence, also, slow to enter on a given line of action. Sin. Careful. Cautious. Calculating. Sparing. Saving. Reluctant Slow. Akt. Liberal. Lavish. Profuse. Eager. Chase, v. tr. Fr. chasse. Cup- tiare, from capto, to catch after. To follow eagerly an object ol desire or aim, 72 Synonyms and Antonyms. Sth. Pursue. Hunt Follow. Drive. Prosecute. Ajrr. Abandon. Relinquish. Discaril. Dismiss. Avoid. Elude, Evade. Chaste, adj. Castus. Pure, as a matter of nature or taste. Purity in nature, and simplicity in art, beiag analogous. Stn. Pure. Modest, Uncontam1nate terfuge. Prevarication. Shift. Trickery. Dodge. Quibble. Mystification. Pettilog- glng. Underhandedness. Ant. Openness. Candour. Fairness. Co- gency. Demonstrativeness. Soundness. Chidb, v. tr. Sax. To re- prove angrily. SrN. Rate. Scold. Trounce. Akt. Applaud. Flatter. Compliments Chief, adj. Same as Capital Fr. chef, the head. Lat. caput. Stn. See Cardinal and Capital. Ant. Chieftain. See Chief. Compi. Captain from the Lat. capvt, as Chieftain is from the Fr. chif. SlfN. Captain. General. Commander Leader. Ant. Follower. Attendant. Eetainer. Subaltern. Vassal. Satellite. Mlniun. Adherent. Childish, adj. Child. Goth. Eesembling the weakness as childlike is used for resembling the virtues of childhood. Said of character and action. Sra. Weak. Silly. Puerile. Infantme. Imbecile. Foolish. Trifling. Paltry. Tri- vial. Ant. Strong. Kesolute. Manly. Wise. Judicious. Sagacious. Chivalrous. Pro- found. Politic ChtvALEOUS, adj. Cheval, a horse. Chevalier, one who was 74 Synonyms and Antonyms. sufficiently noble to serre in the wars on horseback. The term is therefore formed to express that combination of qualities such as bravery and generosity, which befitted the Enight or gentleman; chivalry being that system of knightly state and manners which was re- presented in the character and conduct of the chevalier. Stn. Courageous. Generous. Knightly. Gallant. Heroic. Adventurous. Valiant. Spirited. Handsome. Highminded. Ant. Unhandsome. Dirty. Sneaking. Pettifogging. Scrubby. Dastardly. Re- creant. Ungenerous. Ungentlemanly. Choiob, n. Old Eng. choose. Also clicse,. Hence the phrase ' quite the cheese.' A preference made from two or more things. Also the thing chosen or pre- ferred. SrN. Option. Adoption. Election. Se- lection. Preference. Alternative. Ant. Compulsion. Necessity. Rejec- tion. Refusal. Unimportance. Indiffer- ence. Refuse. Choice, adj. See Choice, n. Syn. Select. Exquisite. Dahity. Pre- cious. Cherished. Valuable. Ant. Common. Ordinary. Inferior. Cheap. Valueless. Despicable. Trum- pery. Choke, v. tr. Used metaphori- cally of stifling statements or proposals. Stn. Throttle. Burke. Suffocate. Gag. Stifle. Ant. Eliminate. Educe. Promote. De- monstrate. Discuss. Disseminate. Moot. Bruit. Ventilate. Choleb. See Anger. Choleric, adj. See Choler. Stn. Hasty. Testy, Impetuous. Iras- cible, Ant, Cool, Phlegmatic, Serene. Pla- cid. Dispassionate. Stoical. Choose, v. tr. See Choice. Stn. Se'ect, Elect Prefer. Adopt. Apprjpria^. Ajst. Leave. Dismiss. R^ect. Refuse. Decline. Disclaim. Repudiate. Ignore. Chuckle, v. int. Comp. Cackle. To laugh with satisfaction half- concealed. To harbour such feeling. Stn. Grin. Crow. Cackle, Ant, Cry. WaiL Grumble. Whine. Whimper. Churlish, adj. From ceorl, the lowest class of Saxon freeman The word in the character whicfe has attached to it seems to indi- cate how naturally such qualities are induced in times when nominal liberty was not free from oppres- sion, and the defects were im- puted to the lower, as the virtues of human character to the aris- tocratic orders. Sra. Illiberal. Niggardly. Inhospitable. Unsociable. Unneighbourly. Akt. Liberal. BountifuL Hospitable. Neighbourly. Sociable. Cipher, n. The system of numerals being Arabic, meant the symbol of the absence of enu- meration ; which, however, being placed after the number, increases its value tenfold. Hence it has the various mean- ings of a nonentity — a symbol, and a peculiar system of writing, either as a monogram or of secret correspondence. Stn. Nonentity. Dot. Nothing. Trifle. Button. Fig. Straw. Pin. Rush, Mole- hill, Ant. Somebody, Big-wig. Something. Notability. Celebrity. Triton. Colossus. Star. Circle, n. Lat. circvlus. The mathematical circle is a piano figure bounded by a curved line at all points equidistant from the centre. But as centre is used inexactly (see Centre), so circle is used of a region or assembly of persons socially united. Stk. Region. Neighbourhood. AssenH bly. Intercourse. Family. Acqnainuoice' ship. Society. C oteric. Synonyms and Antonyms. 75 AjffT EBtningeraent. Distance. Non- ccmmunicative. Exclusion. CntouiT, n. Circuitus. Cir- cum and ire, to go. Distin- guished from circumference as being not mathematical, but a sort of irregular circumference. Syn. Tour. Circumference. Ant. Line. StraigtitneEs. Directness. CiRCXJiTOUB, adj. See Circuit. Stk. Indirectu Tortuous. Devious. Aht. Direct. Linear. Straight. CiECtTLAB, adj. See Circle. Syn. Bound. SphericaL Ant. Lineal. Direct ClBCULATE. See Circle, act. n. Either to send or move through a circuit. Sni. Disseminate. Publish. Notify. Travel. Spread. Ant. Suppress. Avert. Stagnate. Cease. Hush. ClECUMPERENOE, n. Circum and ferre, to bear. The line which bounds the mathematical circle is one which might be drawn round a globe ; or, Taguely, an outer enclosure or irregular circuit. Stn. Periphery. Enclosure. Circuit. Outline. Boundary. Ant. Diameter. Crossing. Bi-section. Transection. Transversion. ClEOUMLOOUTlON, TO. Circum and loqui. The voluntary or in- voluntary use of roundabout expressions; that is, either as explanatory or from want of skill in speech. Stk. Periphrasis. Verbosity. Inconcise- nesB. Insuccinctness. Ambiguousness. An- fractuosity. Aar. Terseness. Point. Conciseness. Succinctness. Condensation. Directness. Plainness. Simplicity. Coherence. ClECUMSCBlBE, V. tr. Circum, arowiid, and scrihere, to write. Syn. Define. Designate. Delineate. Li- mit. Enclose, Confine. Bestrict. Fence. Ant. Expand. Dilate. Dissipate. Dis- •ncluae. Distend, CiRcnMSOBiBED, odj. See Cir- cumscribe. Si'N. Limited. Narrow. Bestricted. Ant. Limitless. Ample. Unconfined. Circumspect, adj. Circttw^ spicere, to look round, as if on the look out for danger. Syn. Cautious. Wary. Careful. 'Watch- ful. Scrupulous. Vigilant. Ant. Heedless. Incautious. Careless. Beckless. Invigilant. Incircumspect. CiECUMSTANCE, TO. Circvm- stare, to stand around, i. e., the surroundings of a case; thence, an event or attendant condition. Syn. Detail. Feature Point, Topic. Condition. Particular. Specialty. Ant. Deed. Case. Occurrence. Trans- action. CmctrMSTANTiAii, adj. See Cir- cumstance. 1. Proving not directly but by attendant condi- tions or facts; also, 2, entering into circumstances or details. Syn. Inferential. Constructive. Minute. Detailed. Elaborate. Specific. Ant. 1. Jocular. Positive. 2. L00S& General. Inaccurate. CntOUMVENT, V. tr. CircuTn.- venire. To come round or fetch or compass, so as to take by sur- prise. Syn. Ensnare. Entrap. Outwit. Di- plomatize. Ant. Force. Subjugate Reduce. Compel. CiEOTiMVENTlON, See Circum- vent, Cite, v. tr. Ciere, to call. Proq. citare, to call up. To cite persons authoritatively or quote as from authority. , Syn. Summon. Call. Quote. Adduce. Ant. Discard, Dismiss. Canvass. Dis- pute. Beject. Contradict. Disprove. Chal- lenge. Discredit. Citizen, n. Civitas. One who resides in a city, or one who has the rights of a free political community. Fr. citoyen, Syn. Townsman. Inhabitant. Burgess Suited. Denizen. AST Alien. Foreigner. Tisitor. Ezilk vo Synonyms aiid Antonyms. ■ Cmo, adj. Scs Citizen. Be- longing to the administration, as civil to the manners of the city. Syn. Municipal. Corporate. Urbane. Oppidan. Ant. Suburban, Provincial. Eural. Cosmopolitan. Civil, adj. See Civic. Stn. Urbane. Polite. Obliging. Ac- commodating. Respectful. Ant. Disobliging. Unaccommodating. Disrespectful. Boorish. Clownish. Churl- ish. Uncivil. Civil, /t. See Civil. Civilization, n. See Civil. SvN. Amelioration. Humanization. Re- finement. Ant. Demoralization. Savagery. Bar- barism. Brutality. Rudeness. Claim, v. tr. Clamare, to call out. The public assertion of a right. The word seems to carry back the mind to times when writing was rare, and matters of right were determined orally be- fore witnesses. Stn. Demand. Ask. Require. Insist. Ant, Forego. Waive. Disclaim. Ab- jure. Disavow. Abandon. Concede. Sur- render. Repudiate. Claim, n. See verb. Syn. Assertion. Vindication, Arroga- tlon. Demand. Ant. Waiving. Abjuration. Disclaimer. Surrender. Cladhakt, n. See Claim. Syn, Assertor. Vindicator. Appellant. Litigant. Ant. Relinquisher. Resigner. Waiver. Conceder. Renuuncer. Abjurer. Clamour, n. See Claim. A loud contentious cry; a noisy claiming or asking. It has also by usage a repudiative force, as in the phrase, ' a clamour against a person.' Sys, Contention, Contentiousness. Sqnab ' We. Uproar. Outcry. Obloquy. AnT. Silence, Acquiescence. Reticence. Clandestine, adj. Clam, se- cretly. Stk. Furtive. Secret. Sly. Stealthy BorreFditiotiB. Akt. Open. Unreserved. Unconcealed Announced. Advertised. Public. Clabipt, V. tr. Clarus, dear, and /acere, 1o make. Stn. Pnrify. Strain. Defecate. Preci- pitate. Infiltrate. Ant. Trouble. Foul. Thicken. Conta- minate. Pollute. Muddle. Clash, n. and v. Qerm. To meet in many collisions. Meta- phorically, to be signally dis- cordant. Syn. Differ. Disagree. Interfere. Jar. Ant. Agree. Harmonize. Accord. Comport. Chime. Clasp, n and ?J. Oerm. To sur- round so as to embrace tightly. Stn. Grasp. Connect, Unite, Bracket. Concatenate. Embrace. Ant. Relax. Sever. Unclasp. Discon- nect. Detach. Exclude. Classical> adj. The word re- fers to the original division of the Eoman citizens or subjects into political classes or rauks; thence, the admission of books as belonging to the purer agas and styles of Greek and Eoman lite- rature. Hence, again used of the purity of any sample or stage of literature or art. Stn. Pure. Refined. Elegant Polished. Chaste. Augustan. AST. Corrupt. Debased. Inelegant Harsh. Barbarous. Uncouth. Unclassical Classification, Class. Ori- ginally the caUing ((cXao-is, fi'om KciXeu', to call) together of the primitive Eoman subjects; the grouping of a number of tJungs or persons under some principle of classification. Stn. Order. Genus. Species. Nature. Character. Cast Stamp. Group. Kind. Section. Sect Category. Assortment Designation. Description. Ant. Individuality. Specialty. Isola- tion. Alienation. Division. Distinction Singularity. Exclusion. Heterogenaity. Classify. See Class. Stn. Arrange, Systematize. Tabulata Dispose. Collocate. Assort. ANT. Derange. Confound. Disorder Oifltirganlze. intermix. Synonyms and Antonyms. Clause, n. Claudere, Clan- BUS, to shut, A paragraph or grammatical sentence complete in itself, and shut off. Syn. I'orlion. Paragraph. Chapter. Section. Passage. Akt. Document. Instrument. Muni- ment Clean, adj. Celtic. Pure from defilement or entanglement. Used metaphorically. Syn. Pure. Neat. Cleanly. Clear. Un- closed. Upright. Ant. Impure. Untidy. Dirty. En- tangled. Hampered. Unclean. Clear, v. tr. Clarus, clear as the light. To free physically; also morally, as from imputation ; or, mentally, from ideas which require to be dissociated. Syn. Clarify. Disencumber. Disentangle. Disembarrass. Vmdicate. Liberate, Ex- tricate. Eliminate. Akt. Befoul. Contaminate. Pollute. Clog. Encumber. Embarrass. Involve. Implicate. Clear, adf. Physically and metaphorically. See above. Syn. Open. Pure. Brigh t. Transpa- rent. Free. Disencumbered, Disentangled. Disengaged. Absolved. Acquitted. Plain. Obvious. Intelligible. Lucid. Ant. Thick. Muddy. Foul. Opaque. Encumbered. Entangled. Condemned, Convicted. Turbid. Dubious. Indistinct. UninteUigible. Cleave, v. Two Saxon words in one, meaning, the one actively to sunder, the other neutrally to adhere. Sts. Sunder. Split. Divide, Eend. Dissever. Adhere. Slick. Akt. Conserve. Unite. Splice. Bond, Cement. Agglutinate. Consolidate. De- sert. Depart. Separate. Apostatize. Se- cede. Cleyee, adj. Saxon. Able to adapt means to a proposed end. AppHed also to the work or re- sult so contrived; said of the mind and the hand. Syn. Able. Ready. Talented. Quick. Ingenious. Dexterous. Adroit, Well-con- trived. 77 Akt. Weak. Dull. Stupiil. Slow. DoUisb. Uninventlve. Awkward. Clumsy lll-coQlTlved. BungUug. Botched. Climate, n. , KXlveiv, to in- cline. The supposed inclination of the earth from the equator to the poles, which was imagined to accoimt for the variation of temperature in different localities. The word is used of -variation in these two respects. Syn. Air. Atmosphere. Temperature, Weather. Clime. Sky. Begioo. Sphere. Latitude. Am. Earth. Globe. World. Sphere. Climax, n. Gr. A ladder. The highest point. As a figure of rhetoric, the culminating or most forcible expression. Syn. Summit. Height. ConsummatiolL Acme. Point Head. Meridian. Cuhnlna" lion. Zenith. Akt. Base. Floor. Bathos. Anticlimax. Depth. Gulf. Nadir. Climb, v. int. Sometimes used actively. Sax. clirriban. Stn. Ascend. Mount. Clamber. Swarm. Surmount. Scale. Escalade. Ant. Descend. Drop. Fall. Slip. 'l"umble. Swoop, Cling, v. int. Sax, clingan. Used actively with the prep. to. Used metaphorically, as, to cUng to principles or determination, Stn, Fasten, Hold. Adhere. SliclL Cleave. Hang. Twine. Hug Embrace. Ant. Drop, B«cede. Secede. Apostatize. Abandon. B^lax. Forego. Surrender. Swerve. Clip, v. tr. Sax. Stn. Curtail. Prune. Contract. Abridge, Ant. Elongate. Cherish. Grow. Nourish. Cloak, v. tr. Old Fr, cloche. To throw a cloak over. Comp. Palliate, from pallium, a cloak. To hide wholly or in part. Stn. Conceal, Disguise. Palliate. Screen. Mitigate. Extenuate. Ant. Exhibit. Propound. Promulge, Portray. Aggravate. Expose. Demon, strate. Reveal, Closb, adj, Claudere, to shut. 78 Synonyms and Antonyms. Part, claunuji. Used physically and meiaphorically. Sth. Narrow. Limitpd. Restricted. Condensed. Packed. Secret. Reserved. Niggardly. Shut. Fast. Ant. Wide. Open. Ample. Spacious. Airy Unconfined. Dispersed. Rarefied. Subtle. Vaporous- Patent. Public. Ad- vertised. Open-hauded. Liberal. Frank. Close, v. tr. See adj. Stk. Shut. Conclude. Complete. Stop. Ant. Open. luitiate. Conduct. Pro- tract. Clothe. Sax. Used meta- phorically of ideas and associac tions. Stn. Invest. Robe. Drape. Ant. Denude. Strip. Divest. Clownish, adj. From Clown. Colonus, a hufhandman. Stn. Rustic. Boorish. Bucolic. Boeotian. Awkward. Clumsy. Cloddish. Untutored. Rude. Ant. Polite. Civil. Urbane. Affable. Graceful. Polished. Refined. Courtly. High-bred. Intelligent. Educated. Clumsy, adf. Clump, an old verb. To benumb. Using the hands as if they were benumbed with cold. Used of persons and contrivances or productions. St:t. Awkward. Inexpert. Maladroit. Botching. Bungling. Unskilful. Ant. Neat. Workmanlike. Artistic. Handy. Skilful. Clever, Expert Adroit Dexterous. Cluster, n. and v. int. Syn. Group. Bunch. Gathering. Muster. Throng. Ant. Scattering. Sprinliling. Disper- sion. Clutch, v. tr. and int. with the prep. at. Stn. Grasp. Grab. Seize. Snatch. Pounce. Ant. Liberate. Release. Emancipate. Coadjutor, ». Cmi and adjv^ vare, to assist. Stn. Assistant Co-operator. Accessotr. Ally. Ant, Accomplice. Accessory. Opponent. Connteractor Bufider, Adversary. Anta- gonist Coagulate, v. int. Coagulum, twrd. Gun and agere, to vxrrk. Stn. Mix. Blend. FuM. CoalMOS. Amalfiamate. Condense. Ant. Rarefy. Expand. Dissipate. Sub- tilize. Discomblne. Coalesce, v. int. Con and alescere, to grow, from alere, to nouriih. Express3S harmony of consent. Stn. Harmonize. Blend. Mix. Amal- gamate. Cohere. Ant. Disagree. Discomport. Coalition, n. See Coalesce. SrN. Combination. Consentaneity. Com- promise. Consociation. Amalgamation. Composition. Ant. Dissociation. Disruption. Dis- agreement. Dissenlience. Coarse, arf/. Anciently written Course— as if in the common course; and so, metaphorically, exhibitiDg characteristics of the natural or common, not the po- lished or refined. Stn. Common. Ordinary. Rough. Rude. Unpolished. Immodest. Ant. Fine. Refined. Gentle. Polished. Delicate. Choice. Coax, v. tr. Coquus, a cook. To hash up a little savory dish of wheedling. It implies also persuasion against inclination, and sometimes to the detriment of the person coaxed. Stn. Wheedle. Fawn. Flatter. Cajole. Overcome. Seduce. Allure. Circumvent Ant. Intimidate. Coerce. ImpeL In- stigate. Drive. Cobble, v. tr. Germ, koppeln, like Lat. cupulare, to couple. To join work clumsily. Stn. Patch. Botch. Clout. Bungle. Ant. Repair. Manipulate. Fine-draw, Cobweb, n. Used metaphori- cally for liiat which wants im- portance or solidity; also for that which still hangs together, as — a prejudice, though it is high time to sweep it away. Syn. Trifle. Cipher. Moonshine. Pre* judlce. Bugbear. Phantasy. Caprice. Ant. Snbslance. Verily. Axiom. l.aw Reality. Perpetuity. Institution, fruth. Synonyus and Antonyms. 79 Cockney, n. and adj. An in- habitant of Cocagne, a TrencJi word, meaning a coimtry of ima- ginary Injuries and delicacies, in which the houses are tiled with sweetmeats, from Old Fr. couque, It. cucca, a cake or dainty. AppHed to the citizens of London by their simple or jealous fellow- countrymen. Stk. Londoner. Citizen. Swell. Abt. Clodhopper. Bumpkin. Lout. Coddle, v. tr. From mquere, coctus. To parboil, as it were, with kindness; to make a little too much of; to keep warm. Stn. Spoil. Humour. Pamper. Nurse. Caress. Ant. Try. Expose. Inure. Harden. Codger, n. Thought to be cotter. Comp. Cot, Cotter, Cot- tage, Cottager. An outlandish old fellow. Associating also, like Churl, the notion of niggardli- Stn. Gaffer. Churl. Curmudgeon. Am. Swell. Fop. Spendthrift. " grace. Puppy. CODIPT, V. tr. Codex, and facere. To reduce a multiplicity of laws, or, more generally, a number of opinions or statements, to a more compendious form. Stit. Summarize. Digest, incorporate. Embody. Condense. AST. Expunge. Abrogate. Disembody. Annul. Disincorporate. Rescind. CoEKCB, V. tr. Ooercere. To use force upon another, especially metaphorically, as distinguished from persuasion ; and is used of compulsion, prohibition, and con- travention. Sth. Restrain. Inhibit Impel. Com- pel Drive. Counteract. Coniine. Intimi- date. AuT. Permit. Persuade. Urge. Insti- gate. Encourikge. Liberate. Induce, Se- dnc& Tempt. CoKTANEOirs, adj. Con and oetas {fsmvni, avitas). Stk. Coeval. Oontempotary. Synchronous Ant. Incoincident IncoutcripuraneuQ& Anachronibtlc. Asyncronous. Coeval. See Coetaneous. Coexist, v. int. Con and ex- istere {ex and sistere, to stand out). To be, or continue to be^ together, Stk. Concur. Comport. Coalesce. Af* company. Coincide. Ant. Disconcur. Discomport Coexistent, adj. See Co- exist. Stn. Concurrent. Coetaneous. Con- temporary. Gail oident. Compatible. 'Cor- respondent. Correlative. Ant. Discurrent. Incontemporaneous. Incompatible. Adverse. Repugnant. An- tagonistic. CoBXTBNSiON, K. Con and exteiidere, to reach. Equal in length or space, physically or metaphorically. Syn. Comniensurateness. Equality. Pa. rallelum. Conterminousness. Ant. InconimensuraU'ness. Inadequacy. Inconterminousncss. Divergency. In- equality. Disparity. Coextensive. See Coexten- sion. Cogent, adj. Cogere, to compel. Used, not of physical, but moral or logical force. Stn. Forcible. Powerful Potent. Strong. Persuasive. Influential. AST. Weak. Ineffectual. Powerless. Feeble. Cogitate, v. int. Cogitare, coagitare. To turn over and over witii one's self. Used in a neuter sense, and in no specific reference to any one line of thought or subject. Sys. Think. Ruminate. Meditate. Re- flect. Brood. Contemplate. Speculate. Ponder. Muse. Ant. Idle. Maunder. Dream. Cogitation, n. See Cogitate. Stn. Reflection. Thought. MeditaLioa Ant. Incogitancy. Vacuity. DieomV 80 Synonyms and Antonyms. Cognizance, n. Cognoncere, to note. Recognition or knowledge. Also used, technically, of that which is a distinctive emblem or badge, by which the bearer may be recognized. Syn. Notice. Observation. Recognition. Knowledge. Kxperience. Ant. Inadvertence. Neglect. Ignorance. Inexperience. Oversight Connivance. Cognizant, adj. See Cogni- zance. Stii. Aware. Informed. Akt. Unaware. Uninformed. Ignorant. CoHEEB, V. int. Con and hoerere, to stick. To stick to- gether. Used physically and metaphorically. Stn. Stick. Adhere. Conform. Unite. Coalesce. Ant. Sever. Separate. Disunite. Dis- integrate. Coherent, adf. See Cohere. Used especially of logical or rhe- torical coherence. Sth. Consecutive. Consistent. Com- plete. Compact. Sensible. Logical. Close. Ant. Inconsecutive. Rambling. Dis- united. Inconsistent. Discursive. Loose. Silly. Illogical. Aberrant. COHIBIT, V. tr. Cohibere, to hold in. Eestrain. Stn. Prevent. Hinder. Eestrain. Curb. Inhibit. Ant. Indulge. Permit. Incite. Instl- gtlte. Encourage. Urge. Coin, v. tr. Cuneus, a wedge or die for stamping, transferred to the thing stamped. Used me- taphorically for the invention of new forms, as of words, and of false allegations. SrN. Fabricate. Counterfeit. Invent Ant. Misform. Mlscontrlve, Coincidence, n. Con and in- cidere, to fall upon or out. Used of the fortuitous meeting of two things bearing relation or pro- priety; also in its etymological Bense of agreement in time, place, or opinion. SrN. Cliance. Fortuity. Casualty. Coa- temporaneousness. Gomniensuratenesd. Har- mony. Consent Agreement. Ant. Design. Purpose. Adaptation. Asynchronism. Anacbroni.sm. Disharmony Incommensurateness. Discordance. Varia- tion. Difference. CoiiLAPSK, n. Con and lapsus. A faUing in, or general giving way of the parts, either of that which is materially coherent only, or of the vital faculties and powers. Stn. Subsidence. Coma. Faint Ex- haustion. Shrivelling. Settlement Down- fall. Ant. Stability. Integrity. Vitality. Vigour. Renovation. Eedintegration. Re- covery. Re-erection. Resuscitation, in- animation. Collate, v. tr. Con and/e?re, part, latus. To bring together, in a mental sense, ideas or passages of writing, generally with a view of comparison or classification; and not tmfrequently as tending to establish a view or particular interpretation. Syn. Adduce. Collect Compare. Gather Induct ICxtract Cite. Ant. Verify. Identify. Recognize. Au- thenticate. CoLLATEEAt, odj. Latus, the side. Applied to relationship and evidence or argument. Stn. Indirect Related. Connected. Parallel. ANT. Direct Linear. EssentiaL In- tegral. Collation, n. See Collate. Used technically of repasts and of episcopal patronage. Colleague, n. Con and legere, to choose. One chosen or ap- pointed to the same office with another. Syn. Coatljutor. Partner. Assistant Adjutant. Assessor. Akt. Co-opponent Co-rival. Counter- agent. Co-antagonist. Competitor. Col- luctator. Collect, v. tr. CoUigere, part. , Synonyms and Antonyms. 81 oollecfi*x. Used physically and analogously. Stn. Collate. Gather. Glean. Sum. Infer. Leam. Ant. Qassify. Arrange, Distribute. Dispose. Dispense. Divide. Sort. Deal. CoLLfiOTED, adj\ See Collect. Said of the facilities. Stn. Calm. Composed. Cool. Atten- tive. Self-possessed. Ant. Excited. Distracted. Wandering. Dazed. Scared. Bewildered. Collection, n. See above. Said of persons and things. Stn. Assembly. Assemblage. Store, Gathering. Collation, Ant. Dispersion. Distribution. Dis- pensation. Division, Aixangement, Classi- fication. Disposal. CoLLiQUATE, V, act. and neuf. Con and liqitare. To melt away by instalments. Stn, Melt Dissolve. Dribble. Drain. Ant. Keplenisb. Fill. Overflow. A- bomid. Collision, n. CoUidere, to strike together. The violent meet- ing of hard substances. Meta- phorically used of hostile en- counters in conflict. Syn. Encounter. Crash. Conflict. Op- position. Impact. Ant. luterewerving. Interdivergence. Shave. Collocate, v. tr. Con and locits, a place. To jDlace one or more things in proper or close proximity. Stn. Place, Locate. Arrange. Classify. Tabulate. Allocate. Ant. Move. Dislocate. Distribute. Dis- pense. Disturb. Disperse, Confoxind. Con- fiise. Displace. Misplace. Collocation. See Collocate. Colloquy, n. Con and loqui, to speak, A formal meeting in conversation. Syn. Conference. CoosultatioD. Conver- aation. Council. Confabulation. Ant. Clamour. Outcry. Tumult. Babel. CoLLUCTATiON, «. A struggle. From con and luctus, striving. Stit. Wrestling, Contention, Oompctl tion. Ant. Coa^jutorship. Assistance. Sup- port. Backing. Collusion, n. Con and ludere^ to sport or 'play. A conspiracy for purposes of trickery. Syw. Connivance. Accompliceship. Con- federacy. Ant. Baffling. Frustration. Counter- action. Defeat. Discomflture. Disconcert- ment. Betrayal. Exposure. Informership. Traitorship. Colour, n. Lat. color. Used metaphorically for tinging state- mente or cases. Stn. Hue. Tint. Complexion, Spe« ciousness. Garbling. Falsification. Distor- tion. Perversion. Varnish. Ant. Achromatism. Paleness. Naked- ness. Openness. Genuineness. Trans- parency. Truthfulness. CoLOiTRABLE, adj. See Colour. A word not formed with strict propriety. Stn. Specious. Ostensible. Deceptive. Warped. Dressed. Tinged. Ant. Genuine. Candid. Open. Nakwl. Transparent. Combat, n. ComhattrCj to heat together. Stn. Encounter. Conflict. Engagement. Arms. Batile. Ant. Surrender. Submission. Media- tion. Reconciliation. Truce. Arbitration. Combination, n. Con and hinus, two each, or two. Extended to more than two. Stn. Union. Association. Consortment. Concert. Confederacy. Synthesis. Co- operation. Ant. Division, Disimion. Disruption. IMssolution. Dispersion. Analysis. Oppo- sition, Resistance. Inter-repeUence. CoMELT, adj. That which comes well or becomes. Stn. Seemly. Graceful. Shapely. Ele- gant, Ant. Unseemly. Ungraceful. Cnshapely Inelegant. Comfort, Comfortable. Con and /brio's, strong. The first notion of comfort must have been the supply Oj 82 Synonyms and Antonyms. such things as fortified a man's position, making him self-suffl- cient, so as to bear up against trouble, want, and the like. It has assumed a meaning, in re- ference to every-day circum- stances, which it is a familiar boast of Englishmen that no other language has a word to express. It apphes to mind, body, and circumstances. Stk. Snug. Satisfied. Consoled. Ant. Uncomfortable. Dissatisfied. Troubled. Comity, n. Comitas, comis, Hand, pleasant. Stn. Urbanity. Pleasantness. Afia^ bility. Blandness. Amr. Rudeness. Distantuess. Eougb- ness. Churlisbness, Command, v. tr. Gon and mandate, to cyrder. Stw. Order. Direct. Instmct. Enjoin. Ant. Supplicate. Entreat. Persuade, Beg. Petition. Suggest. Represent. Commemorate, v. tr. Con and m-mor, mindful. To keep up, either for once or periodically, the remembrance of past events or persons by more or less pubhc transactions. Sts. Perpetuate. Celebrate. Solemnize. Keep. Amt. Ignore. Drop. Abolish. Forget. Obliviate. Commence, v. act. and neut. Corrupted from con and initiare, to begin. Fr. commencer. SlK. Begin. Start. Initiate. Open. In- augurate. Ant. Finisb. Terminate. Conclude. Consummate. Complete. Commend, v. tr. Syts. Praise. Laud. Approve. En- courage. Applaud. Eulogize. Amt. Blame. Censure. Disapprove. Discourage. Denounce. Condemn. Dis- co n-mend. Commendation. See Com- mend. Commbnscbate, adj. Con and mensura, a measure. Strictly ap- pKcable only to cases in which two or more things have either physically or metaphorically the same outlines, and so are co- extensive. Usage, however, ap- plies it, as it does the term ade- quate, to number as weU as size. Btv. Equal. Adequate. Sufficient. Co- extensive. Conterminous. Ant. UnequaL Short. Scant. Inade- quate. Insufficient. Incommensurate. Comment, n. and v. Com/men^ tari, a form of comminisci ; root, mens, the mind. The gathering of a meaiung into such a shape as may expound it ; followed by the prep. upon. SzN. Note. Observe. Interpret. Illus- trate. Expound. Explain. Dilate Ex- patiate. CriLidse. Ant. Cuntound. Confuse. Obscure. Mystify. Misinterpret. Misapprehend. Misconceive. Misrepresent. Comment, n. Follows the same meanings. Commentator, n. Bee Com- ment. Stn. Interpreter. Explainer. Note- maker. Expositor. Scholiast. Glossarist Elucidator. Ant. Mystifier. Misinterpreter. Puzzler. Enigmatist. CEdipus. Commerce, n. Con and merx. Merchandize. Stn. Trade. Traffic. Barter. Mer- chandize. Exchange. Business. Dealing. Intercourse. Ant. Stagnation. Exclusion. Dulness. Inactivity. Interdict. Embargo. Commiserate, v. tr. Con and miser, miserable. This word has the two meanings of despise and pity. For it is plain that the miserable condition of another, according to the disposition of the beholder and the circum- stances of the case, may raise on one occasion pity, on another contempt. Stn. Despise. Contemn. Pity, Com passionate. Sympathize. Oondole, Synonyms and Antonyms. 83 Aht. Admire. Envy. Disregard. Mal- treat. Molest. Ignore. Condemn. Commiseration, n. Follows the same meanings. Commit, v.#r. Con and mi ttere, to put or place. Said of deeds generally, and of the specific consignment also, both of things and persons, as, to commit to paper or to prison. Stn. Perpetrate. Execute. Relegate. Intrust. Assign. Allocate. Consign, Ant. Omit. Miscommit. Misconsign . Misintrust. Commodious, adj. See Accom- modate. Stn. Convenient. iSpacious. Ample. Easy. Amt. Inconvenient. Incommodious. Nar- row. Ill-contrived. Incommensurate. Dis- commodious. Commodity, n. A conyenient article of commerce haying a market yalue, Stn. Article. Stock. Ware, Staple. Ant. Kefuse. Garbage. Ofifal. Drug. Common, adj. Communis. Either that which belongs to many, or that which belongs to all, or which all have in com- mon. Stn. Ordinary. Familiar. Frequent. Coarse. Vulgar. tTniversal. Ant. Unusual. Exceptional. Rare. Scarce, Uncommon, Retined, Partial Sporadic. Infrequent, Excellent. Egre- gious. Commotion, n. Con and mo- vere. An agitation of, first, the inherent particles of a body; and, secondly, any agitation, howeyer "wide, which produces a single and uniform impression. Syn. Agitation. Disturbance. Tumult. Excitement. Perturbation. Turmoil. Ant, Quiescence. Calm. Subsidence. Pacification, Tranquillity, Appeasement. Mitigation. Soothing. Allaying. Mode- rating, CoMMUNiOATJfi, V. Communis. Ib used actively and neutrally. SxN. Adjoin. Touch. Join. Attach, Co-operate. (Jnlte. Impart, lell. An- nounce, Declare. Ant. Separate. Disjoin. Recede. Stop. Suppress. ConceaL Secrete. Reserve. Withhold. Communion, n. See Communi- cate. Used for the process of participation and the aggregate of the participants. Syn. Share. Participation. Partnership. Comportionment. Fellowship. Association. Intercourse. Ant, Exclusion. Deprivation, Non- participation, Disqualification. Alienation. Disconnection. Disruption. Community, n. See Commu- nion. Natural likeness ; or, ob- jectiyely, an association of per- sons, pohtical or voluntary , as based upon the feelings or ideas which bind them together. Stn. Aggregation. Association. Co- ordination. Society. Sympathy. Order, Class, Brotherhood, Fraternity. Polity, Nationality. Unity. Similarity. Homo- geneity. Ant, Segregation. Secession. Inde- pendence. Dissociation. Disconnection. Rivalry, Hostility. Animosity. Estrange- ment. Dissimilarity. Contrariance. Hete- rogeneity. Commute, v. tr, Commutare. Has this difference from trans- mute, that whereas the latter i? to change, in the sense of, to alter into another shape abstractedly. Commute is to alter into some equivalent or correspondent form. Stn. Substitute, Exchange. Compen- sate. Equalize. Barter. Balance, Modify. Ant. Misappropriation, Misconvert, Misappropriate. Disallow. Stabilltate. Per- petuate. Stereotype. Compact, adj'. Con and pan- gerc'j pactus, to strike. Beaten close. Used physically and metar phorieally. Syn. Dense. Close, Hard, Condensed Contracted. Compendious. . Convenient Concentrated, Consolidated. Concrete. Ant, Ductile. Brittle, Friable, Diffuse Unshapely. Straggling. Broadcast. Sparse. Di.spread. Companion, n. Der, either from con and panis, bread; and 84 80, primarily, a messmate; or from compago-aginis, a lolt or fastening. One fastened to an- other on terms of habitual equal friendship, SyN. Assooiate. Mate. Comrade. Ant. Elval. Foe. AntagODiBt Adver- sary. Companionable, adj. See Companion. Earing the quali- ties for constituting a good com- panion. Syk. Pleasant. Affable. Sociable. Con- versible. Easy. Friaidly. Agreeable. Gregarious. Ant. Disagreeable. Churlish. Unso- ciable. Distant. Reserved. UngeniaL Cold,. Inaccessible. Unneighbourly. Soli- tary. Companionship, «. See above. Stn. Acquaintance. Converse. Fami- liarity. Intimacy. Friendliness. Associa- tion. Ant. Ignorance. Distance. Avoidance. Estrangement. Alienation. Unfamiliarity. Solitude. Isolation. Company, n. See above. Stn. Aggregation. Association. Union. Sodality. Order. Fratemlty. Guild. The characteristic of an order seems to be that it is constituted by external authority, or, at least, depends upon it for its existence. So of orders of knighthood and religious orders, which could not be without the sovereign and the pope, when regarded irrespec- tively of such essential authority, they may be spoken of as purely voluntary or independent associa- tions, sodalities, fraternities, or societies. Ant. Rivalry. Opposition. Disqualifi- cation. Antagonism. Competition. Counter- agency. Counter-association. Compare, v. tr. Comparare. To place together for the sake of observing likeness. Syn. Assimilate. Collate. Parallel. Ant. Contrast. Oppose. Dissociate. Disconnect, Fit. Distingnlsli. Synonyms and Antonyms. Comparable, adj. See Com- Eesembling. Approximate. Si- Dissimilar. Unlike. Remote. In- Compaea- pare. Syk. milar. Ant. ferior. Proportionately. Actually. Positively. Comparative, TTVBLT. See above. Said of persons and things which, with- out equalhng others, or some abstract standard, absolutely, do so with reference to due propor- tion of circumstances, and in their measure. Syn. Relatively. Ant. Absolutely. Superlatively. Compartment, n. Con and partiri, to divide; from pars, part, or lot. Stn. Division. Partition. Allotment Sphere. Space. Ant. Its correlative: viz., anything ol which it is a compartment. Compass, n. Con and passusj a pace. A space enclosed by a walker; a region; generally, the circuit or circumference of it. Stn. Area. Enclosure. Cuxuit. Cir- cumference. Horizon. Ant. Space. Common. Tract Ex- panse. Boundlessness. Limitlessneas. In- definit£ness. Compass, v. tr. See above. Has, in addition to the hteral sense of encircling, the metapho- rical meanings of embracing and completing a design. ' He com- passed the other's ruin. Syk. Surround. Encompass. EndosQ Environ. Circumscribe. Embrace. Achieva Effect Effectuate, Consummate. Com- plete. Circumvent Ant. Expand. DIspand. Unfold. Am- plify. Display. Dismiss. Liberate. Dia« card. Fail. Bungle. Botch. Misconceive. Mismanage. Miscontrive. Compassion, n. Con and pati, passio, to suffer, or be in a state of feeling. Syn. Pity. Sympathy. Commiseration. Panlon. Ant. Hard-heartedness, Unforgiveneil, Synonyms and Antonyms. 85 Cruft.i7 Antipathy. Denniiciation. Con- demnation. Vindictiveness. Ketaliation. CoMPATlBLB, aiJj. See above. Said of that which may coexist in the same state of circum- stances, or those things of which a person or a thing may be col- lectively, at one time, the reci- pient. Also coiacident with ex- ternal circumstances that are pos- sible or consistent. Syn. Consistent. Consentaneous. Har- monious. Coexistent. Correspondent. Congruous. Ant. Incompatible. Impossible. Insup- posable. Inconsistent. Discordant. Hostile. Adverse. Antagonistic. Incongmous. De- structive. InterrepugnanU Contradictory. Compeer, n. Compar, equal. Equal, in the first instance, poli- tically or in social rank ; hence, generally, on terms of equahty or companionship. SrN. Equal Co-ordinate. Peer. Fel- low. Mate. Col. patriot. Comrade. Ant. Superior. Inferior. Solitary. Compel, i. Ir. Con and pel- hre, to drive. Used of promotive not restrictive force. Stn. Force. Oblige. Drive. Coerce. Bind. Ant. Persuade. Convince. Coax. Al- lure. Egg. Induce. Tempt. Seduce. Cozen. Liberate. Acquit. Release. Compendious, adj. Of the nature of compendium, from con and pendere, to weigh. A collec- tion of chief elements, such that the subject or work may be weighed in a convenient form. Syn. Condensed. Concentrated. Abridged. Commodious. Convenient. Useful. Handy. Comprehensive. Compact. Ant. Diffuse. Vague. Prolix. Sbap^ less. Cumbrous. Undigested. Compendium, to. See Compen- dious and Abridgment. Compensate, v. Con and pen- eare, to pay. Used actively and intransitirely, the latter with the prep. for. Stk. Satisfy. Atone. Remunerate. In- demnify. Reimburse. Akt. Defraud. Deprive. Cheat. DiS' satisfy. Injure. Damage. Compensation, n. See Com- pensate. Is given to individuals and to the state. Sin. Remuneration. Equivalent. Wages. Pay. Allowance. Restoration. Restitution. SatisfacLion. Atonement. Expiation. In- demnification. Amercement. Damages. Ant. Deprivation. Injury. Non-pay- ment Gratuity. Donation. Fraudnlence. Damage, Compete, v. int. Con and pe- tere, to seek. To aim at the same object with another. Syn. Contend. Rival. Emulate. Ant. Share. Participate Competence, to. See Compete. Competentia, from competere, in the sense of to be suitable or sufficient. The convergence of many requisites in one person; hence, such as the following : Syn. Power. Adequacy. Sufficiency. Wealth. Ability. Ant. Weakness. Incompetence. Lia- bility. Insufficiency. Want. Poverty. Impecuniosity. Indigence. Competition, to. See Compete. Competitor, to. See Compete. Syn. Rival. Emulator. Opponent. Ad- versary. Antagonist. Akt. Participator. Partner. Auxiliary. Colleague. Compilation, to. Compilare, in Lat. to pillage, afterwards used for to stow or pack together. Syn. Collation. Composition. Patch- work. Ant. Effusion. Creation. Complacent, adj. Con and placere, to please. Applied to that state of pleasure which leads to acquiescence, and which may be natural or habitual. Syn. Pleased. Satisfied. Content. Plea- sant. Affable. Kind. Mannerly. Ac- quiescent Amiable. Ant. Dissatisfied. Irritated. Churlish. Unmannerly. Morose. ALSta-fc Grudging Complaint, n. Con and i laiu 86 Synonyms and Antonyms. gere, to weep. Used for the feel- ing, the subject, and the expres- sion of pain, annoyance, or dis- content ; also, technically, in the sense of the physical cause of such expression, namely, disease. Stn. Murmur. Discuntent. Repining. Grievance. Annoyance. Bemonstranoe. Expostulation. Lamentation. Sickness. Disease. Ant. Congratulation. B^oldng. Com- placency. Boon, Benefit. Approbation. Applause. Jubilee. Health. Sanity. Complement, n. Complere, to JUL Is used both of quantity and number; 1, as filling up of the whole to its proper mea- sure ; and, 2, the supply of -what is wanted to the completion or perfection of it. In the first sense, so many men are the com- plement of a ship's crew ; in the second, the wife is the comple- ment of the husband, or vice versd, SvN. Completion. Fulfilment. Totality. Supply. Counterpart. Correlative. Ant. Deficiency. Deficit. Insufficiency. Abatement. Detraction. Defalcation. Dimi- nution. Drawbacls. Complete, adj. See Comple- ment. SlTN. Full. Perfect. Finished. Ade- quate. Entire. Consummate. Ant. Incomplete. Partial. Imperfect. Unfinished. Inadequate. Completely, adv. See Com- plete. Completion, n. See Complete. Complex, adj. Con and plicare, to fold. Folded thickly or intri- cately. Said of intricacy of move- ment, plan, proceeding, or argu- ment. S™. Intricate. MuUifarious. Multifold. Involved. Deep. Many-sided. Abstruse. Close. Tangled. Obscure. Ant. Obvious. Plain. Simple. Direct Inobsoure. Superficial. Unravelled. Vague. Loofle. Complexion, n. Same root. The latter is used metaphorically or analogously for — Sra. Face. Aspect- Colour. Appear- ance. Character. Hue. Interpretation. Indication. Ai'T. Unindicativeness. Concealment. Reticence. Inexpression. Heart. Coi«. Complexity, n. See Complex. Compliance, n. Either from complere, to fill up the measure of another's requirements, or com- plicare, to enfold one's self with them and his designs. Comp. Accomplice. Stw. Yielding. Submission. Obedience. Acquiescence. Consent. Ductility. Docility. Ant. Resistance. Repulsioa Disobedi- ence. Refusal. Non-compliance. Compliant, adj. See Com- pliance. Complicated, adj. Same de- rivation as Complex. Stn. Confused. Intricate. Involved. Pei"plexed. Entangled. Ant. Clear. Simple. Uninvolved. Lucid Unravelled. Compliment, n. Same word as Complement; but with the ri'ench form, compliment, from complier. A compUment is there- fore the expression of the sum total of regard and duty. As this is likely to become merely ceremonious, the word has at- tached to it very often the notion of insincerity. Sin. Homage. Courtesy. Flattery Ant. Insult. Discourtesy. Contempt, Complimentary, adj. See Compliment. Comply, v. int. See Compli- ance. Component, n. Con and ponere, to put. Those things which, put together, make a compoimd whole. Sra. Ingredient. Element Constituent, Content Rudiment Ant. to n. Aggregate. Sum. Entirety Compound. To adj. Non-constituent Foreign. Adventitious. Heterogenieoiu. Synonyms and Antonyms. 87 Z IMPORT, V. tr. and int. Con and portare, to carry. To carry one's self —in the phrase, comport one's self. Also used in the sense of agreeing with something else. Stn. Demean. Conduct, Cany. Behave. Taily. Consist. Harmonize. Match. Agree. Suit. Coiucide, Ant. Misdemean. Misconduct. ForEet. Vary. Differ. Disagree. Contrast. Mili- tate. Compose, «. tr. Componere. To put together in the way of collo- cation merely ; or also for the further purpose of pacification. Stk. Construct. Compile. Write. Form. Pacily. Mitigate. Settle. Adjust Ant. Ant^ze. Dissect. Criticise. Irri- tate. Excite. Awaken. Stir. Composed, adj. See Compose, and Collected. Composition, n. See Compose. Used of matters mental and ma- terial. Syn. Compound. Conformation. Struc- ture. Mixture. Combination. Compromise. Adjustment. Settlement. Commutation. Ant. Analysis. Segregation. Criticism, Examination. Discussion. Disturbance. Ag- gravation, Perpetuation. CoMPOSURB, n. See Compose, and Collected. Compound, v. tr. See Com- pose. Its application is commonly physical,yet alsoverbal and ideal. Stk. Concert Mix. Amalgamate. Fuse. Akt. Analyze. Eesolve. CoMPEEHEND, V. tr. C'on and prehendere. To grasp materially, or with the mind ; also, meta- physically, to contain. Stw. Comprise. Grasp. UnderEtand. Enclose. Include. Involve, Embrace. Ant. Exclude, Except Misunderstand. CoMPBBHBNSiON, ». See Com- prehend, Stn, Understanding, Cunception. Ant, Misunderstanding. Misconception. CoMPBBHBNSiVB, adj. See Com- prehend. Wide enough to in- clude many things or ideas. Stn. Wide, Ample. CrentTal, Generic, Signiticant Capacious. Inclusive. Com- pendious. Pregnant Ant, Narrow. Restricted, Shallow. Exclusive, Adversative. Exceptive, Compress, v. tr. Con and premere, to press. To make to occupy less space by making the parts of elements closer. Syn. Condense, Compact Contract Abridge. Epitomize. Summarize. Ant. Expand. Dilate, Diffuse, CoUi- quate. Compression, n. See Com- press. Comprise, v. tr. Same as comprehend, through the Fr. compris,part. of comprendre. SrN, Embrace, Include, Involve, Con- tain, Comprehend. Imply. Ant. Exclude. Except, Discard. Bar, Omit Reject CoMPHOBATiON, n. Con and prdbare, to prove. Proof, but especially joint proof. SvN, Induction. Co-evidence. Co-testi- mony. Ant. Disproof. Counter-evidence. Re- futation. Rejoinder. Intercontrariance, Compromise, ■;;. tr. Con pro- mittere. A joint promise, im- plying its Mfihnent to settle matters of dispute by arbitration. Used also to signify the drawing of another into risk, by involviag him in the responsibilities of your own position, Stn. Arbitrate, Compose. Adjust. Set- tle. Endanger. Implicate, Involve. Ant. Aggravate. Excite. Foster, Per- petuate, Exempt Enfranchise. Disen- gage. Extricate. Exonerate. Compulsion, n. See Compel. Compunction, n. Con and punqere, punctus, to prick. The pricking of the conscience. Stn. Misgiving. Remorse, Regret Sorrow, Ant. Satisfaction. Self - complacency Assurance, CoMPUTB, V. tr. Computare, To reckon. 88 Synonyms and Antonyms. Btn. Calculate. Reckon. Count. Rate. Abt. Conjecture. Guess. Surmise. Comrade, n. Camera, a cham- ber. A chamber fellow, after- wards a compamon generally. See Compeer. Concatenate, v. tr. See Concatenation. Concatenation, n. Con and catena, a chain. Linking toge- ther either. Syn. Linking. Stringing. Connection. Continuity. Ant. Discatenation. Unlinking. Un- clianging. Severance. Intermission. Dis- connection. Concave, adj. Concavus. Hol- low. Stn. Hollow. Scooped. Pitted. Ex- cavated. Retreating. Alveolar. Ant. Convex. Tumular. Protuberant, Relievant. Embossed. Intumescent. Conceal, o. tr. Con celare, to hide. Stn. Hide. Secrete. Disguise. Dissem- ble. Screen. Suppress. Ant. Reveal. Manifest. Exhibit. Avow. Confess, Expose. Promulgate. Publish. Divulge. Concede, v. tr. Con and ce- dere, to yield. Stu. Grant. Yield. Allow. Admit. Ant. Refuse. Withhold. Deny. Con- tradict. Contest. Contend, Claim. Conceit, n. Concipere, to con- ceive. The invention or enter- tainment of an idea or project ; thence the entertainment of un- due ideas respecting self ; hence vanity and the like. Stn. Idea. Notion. Thought. Affecta- tion, Vanity. Abstraction. Imagination. Ant. Substance. Reality. Verily. Body. Concretion. Fact, Naturalness, Unaffect- edneas. Simplicity, Humility. Conceive, v. tr. See Conceit. Syn. Imagine. Apprehend. BeUeve. Suppose. Design. Ant. Produce. Express. Propound. De- clare. Execute. Misconceive. Conception, n. See Conceive, whose meanings it follows. Concentrate, v. tr. Con and centrum, a centre. To bring to an actual centre, or generally to gather into a closer combination. Act. and neut. Stw. Assemble, Converge, Muster. Congregate, Convene, Draw. Conglo- merate, Condense, Localize, Centralize, Ant, Disperse. Scatter. Dismiss. De- centralize. Concentration, n. See Con- centrate, whose meanings it fol- lows. Concern, n. Con and cernere, to look. With fixed look upon an ob- ject of interest. So where an un- dertaking, too, is a matter of in- terest on which the eyes of pai-t- ners and subordinates may be supposed to look with a common interest, it is called, commerci- ally, a concern. It is used also of cases where the feeUng of in- terest has suffered disappoint- ment ; hence sympathy and sor- row. Sra. Interest Regard. Anxiety. Re- gret. Sympathy, Sorrow, Ant. Indifference, Disregard, Careless- ness. Congratulation, Chuckling. Concerning, prep. SrN, About. Of. Relating. Regarding. Touching. Ant. Omitting, Disregarding, Concert, n. See Concern. Is the practical aspect of concern, an actiDg in common. Syn. Union. Combination. Association. Co-operation. Airr. Dissociation. Counteraction. Op> position. Concession, n. See Concede. Conciliate, o. tr. Lat. conci- lium, a council. To combine in- to a party with a common in- terest or purpose; thence ap- plied to such treatment from individuals. Used in a special force of bringing tack those who have taken offence. Synonyms and Antonyms. 89 8tk. Win. Gain. Enlist. Pacify. Pro- pitiate. AsT. Lose. Estrange. Excommunicate. liJIect. Alienate. In-iuite. Displease. CoNOINNiTY, n. Concinnitas. Cinnus, a mixed drink of spelt- grain and "wine. Used of style. Sts. Harmony. ITicety. Neatness. Ba- lance. Admixture. Temper. Taste, (rrace. Aht. Harshness. Abruptness. Eugged- ness. Angularity. Disharmony. Concise, adj. Con and ccedere, to cut. Cut short. Used of style in a favourable sense. Stn. Condensed. Terse. Pregnant. Ex- pressive. Pointed. Neat. Compendious. Ajte. Diffuse. Prolix. Verbose. Cir- cumlocutory. Rambling. Discursive. Conclave, n. Con and clavisj a key, A council held with closed doors. Stn. Council. Assembly. Bureau. Synod. Cabinet. Caucus. Abt. Crowd. Multitude. Assemblage. Population. Thruug. Populace. Mob. Concourse. Conclude, v. tr. and int. Con and daudertj to shut. As a pro- ceeding or a process of reasoning especially. Sxs. Close.) Terminate., Complete. Fi- nlslj. Infer. Deduce. Uetermine. Argue. Abt. Begin. Initiate. Start. Open. Pro- long. Protrnct. Perpeiuate. Doubt. Dispute. Conclusion, n. See Conclude. Conclusive, adj. See Above. Stn. Definitive. Indisputable. Positive. Ant. Uncertain. Dubious. Question- able. HypoiheticaL Supposititious. Pro- blematical. Tbeuretical, Vague. Indeter- mluate. Inconclusive. Concoct, v. tr. Con and co- quercj to cook. Stn. Compound. Prepare. Mix. Hatch. Brew. Ant, Spoil. Upset. Disconcoct. Dis- concert. Mar. Misp lepare. Concoction, n. . See Concoct. Sin. Brew. Mixture. Compound. Ant. Crudity. Rawness. Ingredient Concomitant, adj. Con and comeSj a companion. Stn. Accompanying. Attending. At- tendant. Synchronous. Ant. Precedent. Subsequent. Diverse. Uofonnected. Inde(»endeuL Irrelafve. Concomitant, n. See xdj. Stn. Accompaniment. AcceEuiry. Ad junct Ant. Intrusion. Discrepancy. Incon> gruity. Concord, w. Con and cor, the heart. See Accord. Stn. Harmony. Accordance. Unani- mity. Amity. Ant. Discord. Disagreement Varianca Animosity. Concordance, n. See Con- cord. Concourse, n. Con cursur^ cunerej to run, Stn. Assembly. Assembb^. Crowd, Mob. Throng. Convergence. Ant, Cabinet. Condave. Cabal. Dis- persion. Desertion. Solitude. Concrete, adj\ Con and crescertt cretus, to grow. From Compact. Used technically of binding ma- terials for foundations, and walks, or floors ; and in logic for the union of the idea with the subject in which it resides. Stn. Fiim. Compact. Consolidated. Indurated. Embodied. Particularized. Ant. Loose. Sloppy. Luteous. Shift- ing. Boggy. Swampy. Yielding. Unre- sisting. Abstract Generalized. Concur, v. int. See Con- course. To meet in one point. Used analogously. Stn. Meet Converge. Concentrate. Agree. Ant. Diverge. Radicate. Disagree. Dis- sent. Part Differ. Concussion, n. Concutere, to shake together. A violent meeting of two physical objects. See Col- lision and Commotion. Condemn, v. tr. Con and damnum. Loss or penalty. Stn. Convict. Cast. Censure. Denounce. Doom. Sentence. Ant. Absolve. Acquit Exonerate^ Pardon. Justify. Approve. Condense, v. tr. Con and densus, dense. To make compact by a compression of particlea 90 Synonyms and Antonyms. See Com- Csed mebiphorically, press. Condescend, v. mt. Conde- scendere. To come down from one's own level to that of an- other. Sin. Stoop. Descend. Deign. Vouch- safe. Ant. Disdain. Scorn. Spurn. Condescension, n. See Con- descend. Stn. Affability. Graciousness. Favour. Stooping. Ant. Haughtinesa. Arrogance. Super- ciliousness. Pride. Disdain. Scorn. Condign, adj. Con and dignus, worthy. Used commonly of ill- deserving. SrN. Deserved. Merited. Meet. Just. Akt. Undeserved. Unmerited. Scant. Exces.sive. Condiment, n. Oondire, to preserve. A choice, sweet, or savoury compound. SvK. Sauce. Pickle. Preserve, ing. Ant. GalL Wormwood. Aloes. Condition, n. Condere, to build. The aggregate of circum- stances which make up a state of mind or matter. Any one of them being regarded as neces- swy, the word is used of that which must enter into another thing, in order rightly to consti- tute it, naturally or convention- ally. Syn. State. Case. Monii. Term. Mode. Qualibcation. Requisite. Stipulation. Ant. Relation. Dependence. Si tuation. Circumstance. Concession. Fulfilment. Adaptation. Conditionally, adv. See Con- dition. Syn. Relatively. Provisionally. Pro- Tided, Hypothetically. Contingently. Ant. Absolutely. Unconditionally. Cate- gorically. Positively. Condole, y. int. Con and dohre, dolor y to grieve. It is fol- lowed by the prep, with. Syn, Sympathize. Console, CommiBerate, Ant. CoDgratnlflte. Exbilarate. Rally Disregard. Discompassionatfi. Dlscom- miserate. Condolence, n. See Condola Condonation, n. Condonare^ donum, a grant. A granting of pardon. SrN. Pardon. Forgiveness, Amnesty Excuse. Indulgence. Ant. Retaliation. Punishment Atone- ment. Satisfaction. Expiation. Conduce, v, int. Con and ducere, to lead. Sytt. Concur. Contribate. AvalL Aid. Tend. Coincide. Converge. Conspire. Subserve. Lead. Ant. Indispose. Counteract Defeat Neutralize. CoNDUorvB, adj. See Conduce. Syn. Contributive. Subsidiary; Promo- tive. Caujsative. Effective. Productive. Ant. Preventative. Counteractive. Cod- trariant. Repugnant. Destructive. Conduct, v. tr. See Conduce. Syn. Lead. Bring. Transfer. Carry. Guide. Control. Manage. Administer. Ant. Mislead. Miscarry. Mismanage. Misconduct. Misadminister. Confabulation, n. Con and fahula, from fari, to speak, A consultation on a not yery im- portant matter. See Colloquy. Confection, n. Conficere, to covipound. See Concoction, Con- diment, and Compound. Used of sweet compounds. Syn. Sweetmeat. Sugarplum. Cake. Condiment. Akt. See Condiment Confederacy,??., Confedera- tion. Con and fwdus eris, a treaty. By usage, spoken not only of national but also personal alliances ; and used of the rela- tionship and of the states re- lated. Syn. Alliance. Treaty. League. Union. Ant. Disruption. Secession. Dlfunion. Confederate, adj\ See Coih federacy. Syn. Leagued. Allied. Anx. Disunited. Dissolved. Synonyms and Antonyms. 91 CoNFEDBEATE, 7t. See Com- panion. CoNFKK, V. tr. Gon and/erre, to bring. Used of bringing things together for consideration or comparison ; and also for carry- ing to another for presentation. Also used, intransitively, for de- liberate. Stn. Compare. Collate. Deliberate. Consult. Give. Present. Ant. Dissociate. Contrast. Hazard. Conjecture. Withhold. Withdraw. CoNrESS, V. tr. Confiteor. Is used of the aTowal of faults or offences; or, sometimes, of that which the speaker does not feel to be such, but treats as such ironically. Syn. Aver. Avow. Reveal. Disclose. Acknowledge. Ant, IJisaver. Disavow. Suppress. Silentiate. Deny. CoNTBSSiON, n. See Confess. It has also the technical sense of a creed, or the declaration of it. SrN, Creed. Catechism. Articles. Doc- trines. Tenets. Profession. Declaration. Subscription. Ant. Here.'?y. Apostacy. Protest. Con- demnation. Refutation. Index. Eenun- ciation. Al^uration. CoNFrDANT, n. Con and fides, faith. One to whom we conflde our secrets. Syn. Confessor. Adviser. Confederate. Ant. Traitor. Betrayer. Rival. Confide, v. int. See Confidant. Syh. Trust. Lean. Hope. Believe. Depend. Eely. Amt. Doubt. Distrust. Dislielieve. Confidence, n. See above. Syn. Trust. Faith. Belief. Assurance. Dependence. Reliance. Aht.- Distrust. Mistrust, Doubt. Mis- giTing. Confidential, adj. See above. Trusted and trustworthy, or re- garded as such. Used also of matters requiring secrecy or con- fidence. Syn. Private. Secret. Trustworthy. In timate. Ant. Public. Open. Patent. OSciaL Treacherous. Insidious. Configuration, n. Con and figura. Figure. Syn. Shape. Outline. Delineation. Form. Figure. Conformation. Contour. Ant. Shapelessness. AmorphousnessL Formlessness. Indellneatlon. Contortion. Distortion. Deformity. CoJJFlNB, V. tr. Con and finis, a boundary . Syn. Circumscribe. Restrict. Narrow. Enclose. Imprison. Incarcerate. Bind. Ant. Dilate. Expand. Extend. Widen. Unfasten. Liberate. Loosen. Disenclose. Confined, adj. See Confine and Circumscribe. Confirm, v. tr. Confirmare. To make firm or firmer. Not used of things material, but moral and mental. SYif. strengthen. Stabilitate. Establisn. Prove. Perpetuate. Sanctioa Corroborate. Ratify. Ant. Weaken. Shake. Upset. Cancel. Abrogate. RepeaL Annul. Confute. Re- fute. Confirmation, n. See Con- firm. Confiscate, v. tr. Con and fiscvs, the treasury. To seize goods on the part of the State. In parlance used of common transactions, not gravely politi- cal. Syn. Seize. Escheat Dispossess. Se- questrate. Distrain. Ant. Restore. Release. Refund. Conflagration, n. Con and flagrare, to burn. Comp. a fla- grant or burning shame or deed. Syn. Ignition. Combustion. Fire. Arson. Incendiarism. Ant. Extinction. Quenching. Smoulder. Conflict, n. Oonfligere, ictus, to strike. Syn. Encounter, Engagement, Conteet Battle. Ant. Reconciliatjon, Pacification. Ami^. Arbitration. 92 Synonyms and Antonyms. CoNPLlOTlNG, ad). See Con- flict. Said of interests, opinions, and statements. SrN. Adverse. Opposed. Irrreconcil- able. Contradictory. Ant. Harmonizing. Couslstent. Con- Ben taneous. Congruous. CoNFLirENCB, n. Con and fluere, to flow. The meeting of waters, as of a tributary with its river. Used metaphorically. Syn. Conflux. Meeting. .ConcoUTBe. Convergence. Concurrence. Ant. Reflux. Kefluence. Dispersion. Overflow. Difiiuence. CoNPOBM, V. int. and tr. Con and /orma, a form. To agree, or cause to agree, ia forms of cus- tom, belief, or procedure. Sth. Agree. Consent. Unite. Har- monize. Adapt. Fit. Tally. Suit. Ant, Disagree. Dissent. Vary. Disso- ciate. Secede. Misfit. Dissimilate. Mla- adapt. CoNroRMATiON, «. 8ee Con- form and Configuration. Conformity, n. See Conform. Confound, v. tr. Con and fundere, part, fusus, to pour. To pour into a mixed and troubled inass. To mix one thing with another in ignorance. To throw the senses of another into con- fusion. Syn. Confuse. Disorder. Trouble. Dis- arrange. Jniennlx. Astound, Abash. Mystify, Obscure. Ant. Arrange, Classify, Order, Allo- cate. Distribute. Dispense. Unravel Enu- cleate. Eliminate. Elucidate. Enlighten. Rally. CoNFEATBENiTY, K. Con and /rater, a brother. See Company. Confront, v. tr. Con and from, the face. Syn. Oppose. Face. Resist, Intimi- date. Menace, Akt, Rally. Encourage. Abet, Coun- tenance. OoNFUSJi, V. tr. See Confound. It is the same word, but not so weighty in its application. Confusion, n. See Confase. Confutation, n. Confutare to confute. Comp. Futile. Fu- tare is from fundere, to pour. Confutation is the complete drowmng or quenching of the statement. See Confirmation. Congeal, v. tr. Con and gelu, cold. Syn. Freeze. Benumb. Congelate. AUT. Thaw. Relax. Melt. Dissolve. Chafe, Congenial, adj. Con and genius, the spirit or nature. Suited by nature. Syn, Natural. Concordant. Consonant. Grateful. Sympathetic. Kindred. Ant. Unnatural. Abhorrent. Discordant. Dissonant. Disagreeable. Ungrateful. An- tagonistic. Alien, Dissimilar. Uncongenial. Congenital, adj. Con and gignere, genitus, to beget. Is used of equality of age in persons, and also of things inherent fi'om birth, especially as naturally in- herent in the individual. Syn, CoevaL Coetaneous (see Coeval) Natural, Inherent. Innate. Immanent Ingrained. Incarnate. Connate. Ingene rate. Ant. Unnatural, Uncopgenial. Habitua; Acquired. Extraneous. Ascititlous. Ad ventitious. Artificial. Assumed. Congestion, «. Con and gerere^ to carry. An undue anrf ob- structive collection of matter. Syn. Congeries. Accumulation, Glome- ration. Redundancy. Plethora. Ant, Dissipation, Diffusion. Clearance, Evacuation. CoUiquation, Conglomerate, v. tr. See Agglomerate. Conglutinate, v. tr. See Ag- glutinate. Congratulate, v. tr. Con and gratulor, from gratus, pleasant. To say or wish pleasant things. SvN. Felicitate. AhT. See Condole. Congeegatk, v. tr. See ilg- gregate Synonyms and Antonyms, 93 CoNGEKGATlON, n. See Ag- gregation. Congress, n. Congredior, from gradus, to step into one. An open and lawful assembly. Syn. Parliament. Council. Conclave. Assembly. Synod. Legislature. Conven- tion. Akt. Cabal. Conclave. Mob. CoNGEUOUS, adj. Oongruere. Said to be from grns, a crane ; in which case the original meaning of Congruous must have been gregarious or collectiTe. Such a meaning it has entirely lost. Stn. Agreeing. Harmonious. Consonant. Accordant. Coherent. Homogeneous. Ant. Discordant. Dissonant, Incon- gruous. Heterogeneous. CoNJBCTUBE, n. Conjicere, to cast together. Syn. Guess. Divination. Surmise. Sup- position. Ant. Computation. Calculation. Reckon- ing. Inference. Proof. Deduction. Conjecture, n. See verb. Conjoin, v. tr. See Concate- nate. Lat. conjungere. Conjuncture, n. Conjungere, to join, together. An important joining or meeting of circum- stances. Syn. Crisis. Turning-point. Contin- gency, Occasion. Exigency. Emergency. Opportunity. Akt. Arrangement. Provision. Pre- paration. Ordainment. Course. Conjure, v. tr. Conjurare. To call upon by force of oath. Syn. implore. Importune. Crave. En- treat Akt. Deprecate. Protest. Remonstrate. Expostulate. Connate, adj. Con and nasci, to he born, natus. See Congenital. Connatural, Con, with, and natura, nature. See Connate. Connect, v. tr. Con and vectere, to weave. See Concate- nate, Connection, n. See Connect. Syn. Conjunction. Junction, Union, Association. Concatenation Relation. Affinity. Relevance. Ant. Disconnection. Disjunction. Dis- union. Dissociation. Independence. Irre- levance. CoNNlvil, V. int. Con and ni- vere, conn, with nicare and nic- tare, to wink. To wink at a thing, and so avoid observing it Followed by the prep. at. Stn. Wink. Pretermit. Pass. Over- look. Ant. Notice. Visit. Censure, Inves- tigate. Connubial, adj. Con and nubere, to marry. Syn. Conjugal. Matrimonial. Nuptial. Akt. Single. Celibate, illicit. Adul- terous. Conquer, v. tr. and int. Con and qucerere, to seek. To gain for one's self by force. To exert su- perior force over another. Ap- plied to the persons and the ter- ritory of the enemy. Syn. Subdue. Vanquish. Overcome. Overpower. Overthrow. Defeat, Crush. Master, Subjugate, Ant, Fait, Fall, Retreat, Succumb. Fly. Submit. Surrender. Lose. Forfeit. Sacrifice, Resign, Cede. Conquest, n. See Conquer. Syn. Victory. Triumph. Overthrow. Discomfiture, Subjugation, Ant, Failure, Defeat, Retreat, Suj^ render. Forfeiture, Submission, Discom- fiture. Besignation. Cession. Consanguinity, n. Con and sanguis, blood. Blood relation- ship. Syn. Kindred. Blood. Lineage. Ant. Disconnection, Dissociation. Conscience, n. Con and scire, to know. The hmate knowledge of right and wrong ; and some- times used for its right exercise, Sy». Sense. Intuition. Integrity. Prin- ciple. Ant. Irresponsibility. License. Conscientious, adj. SeeCaO" science. 94 Synonyms and Antonyms. strict. Upright. Syn. Sciiipulous. High-principled. Amt. Unscrupulous. Lax. Unprinci- pled. Reprobate. Unconscientious. CONSOIOUSNESS, n. See Con- Bcience. Stn. Sense. Sensation- Intelligence. Perception. A^T. Insensibility. Unconsciousness. CoNSCKiPTiON, n. Con and scribere. The forcible levying of soldiers. SvN. Impressment. Ant. Enlistment Volunteering. Consecrate, v. tr. Con and tacer, sacred. Sym. Dedicate. Devote. Enshrine. Hal- low. Sanctify. Ant. Desecrate. Secularize. Profane. Consecration, n. See Conse- crate. Consecutive, adj. Gem, and sequi, secutus, to follow. Said of speecli and style, following in due order. Syn. Orderly. Arranged. Coherent. Continuous. Ant. Disordered. Undigested. Inco- herent. Rambling. Inconsequent. Incon- secutive. Discursive. Consent, v. int. Consentire. To think or feel together with a proposal or proposition, fol- lowed grammatically by the prep. to. Syn. Submit. Agree. Acquiesce. Ant. Resist. Disagree. Dissent. De- cline. Refuse. Consentaneous, ad. Consen- tient. See Consent. Consequence, «. Conseguentia. Con and sequi, to follow. The process of following from a cause or reason, and the result so en- suing. Used also for the import- ance which is implied in such an idea. Syn. Effect. Issue. Result Inference. Coherence. Deduction. Conclusion- Im- portance. Note. Moment Dlgn'ty. Ant. Cause. Causaiion. An tcedence. Premiss. Origin- Datum. Postulute. Axiom. ' Own. Unimportance. Inelgnifi&mce. Inconse- quence. Inconsecutiveness. Irrelevance. Meanness. IPaltriness. Consequent, adj. See Conse- quence. Syn. Inferred. Deduced. ResnltanL Accruing. Attendant. Ant. Assumed. Conjectured. Antece- dent Conducive. Productive. Inconse- quent. Consequential, adj. See above. Has both senses of Con- sequence- Syn. Coherent Connected- Cogent. Logical. Pompous. Arrogant Akt. Incoherent. Disconnected. Invalid. lUoglcaL InconsequentiaL Affable. Con- verslble. Accessible. Easy. Humbl* minded. Consequently, adv. Sf' above. Syn. Accordingly. Therefore. See Ao cording. Ant. Irrelevantly- Inconsequently. Conservation, n. Con servare, to keep. Syn. Preservation. Keeping. Protection Guardianship- Maintenance. Stabilitatioa Perpetuation. Ant. Neglect Exposure. Abrogation Destruction. Abolition. Conservative, adj., Con- serve, V. tr. See Conservation. Consider, v. tr. and int. Considerare. Der. uncertain. Either con and sedere, to sit ; to sit close to a subject ; or sidus, a star. To form, as it were, astro- logical observations and infers ences. A'evt. and act. Syn. Attend. Revolve. Meditate. Think. Reflect. Investigate Regard. Observe. Judge. Opine. Infer. Deduce. Deem. Ant. Disregard. Ignore. Pretermit Despise. Guess. Cor^ecture. Hazard. Considerablk, adj. See above. Syn. Important Large. Extensive. Ant. Unimportant Trifling. Incoo- siderabie. Considerate, adj. See above. Given to consider the position or requirements o' othere, or one'i Synonyms and Antonyms. Stst. Thoughtful. Attentive. Forliear- Ing. UDBelfiah. Judicious. Careful. Cau- tious. Ant. Thoughtless. Inconsiderate. In- attentive. Rude. Overbearing. Selfish. jiQJudicious. Rash. Careless. Consideration, n. See Con- Bider. Add. SrN. Importance. Respect. Consequence. Motive. Inducement. Compensation. Sub- sidy. Remuneration. Ant. Meanness. Insignificance. Unim- portance. CoNsiDEBiNQ. See above. Used adverbially. Syn. Because. Regarding. AnT. Irrespectively. Independently. Consign, v. tr. Con and siynum, the sign or signature of a document of trust. See As- sign. The difference between Assign and Consign is that the former locates, without implying cus- tody or moral responsibility, which are implied by the latter. Consignment, n. See Consign. Syn. Custody. Commission. Delegation. Ant. Mlscommitment. Misconsignment. Consist, v. n. Con and sistere, to stand. Is the neuter form of Constitute, and is equivalent ' to be constituted,' and is followed by of, except where it is equi- valent to Cohere. See Constitute. Consistency, n. See Consist. Physical, moral, and mental co- herence or constitution of parts, with the additional idea, in the latter cases, of propriety in such coherence. Stn. Consistence. Composition. Sub- stance. Material. Amalgamation. Com- pound. Mass. Density. Solidity. Close- ness. Compactness. Coherence. Uni- formity. Harmony. Analogy. Proportion. Congniity. Ant. Volatility. Vaporousness. Sub- Ulity. Tenuity. Sublimation. Incoherence, inconsistency. Incongruity. Disproportion. Gontrarietf, Contradiction. 95 Consistent, adj. See Comst- ence. Consociation, n. See Asso- ciation and Company. Console, v. tr. Con and solus. Is to relieve a person of the feel- ing of solitude under trouble. Sometimes applied directly to the feeling consoled. Stn. Relieve. Soothe. Solace. Comfort. Ant. Congratulate. Felicitate. Aggra- vate. Oppress. Disturb. Trouble. Annoy Irritate. Disreconcile. Dissatisly. Consolidate, v. tr. Con and soUdus, solid. To make firm or firmer by increased closeness of parts, or to unite firmly two things in one. Syn. Condense. Incorporate. Conplutl- nate. Cement. Solder. Bond. Weld. Thicken. Strengthen. Fuse. Ant. Weaken. Dissipate. Disunite. Dismember. Disintegrate. CoUiquate. Dis- solve. Melt. Vaporize. Sublimate. At. tenuate. Triturate. Pulverize. Consonant, adj. Con and sonare, to sound. Harmonious. See Congruous and Consistent. Consort, v. n. Con and sors, a part or lot. Followed by the prep. with. Syn. Associate. Herd. Company. Fra- ternize. Ant. Avoid. Abandon. Excommuni- cate. Black-ball. Banish. Exclude. Conspicuous, adj. Conspicere, to hehold. Easily seen. Stn. Visible. Manifest. Prominent. Salient. Observable. Noticeable. Magnified. Akt. Invisible. Inconspicuous. Inob- servable. Unnoticeable. Microscopic. Conspiracy, n. Con and spirare, to breathe. A union for a common purpose — by usage, applied unfavourably — so close that the members mingle their aspirations in secret. Syn. Intrigue. CabaL Plot. Treasoa Treachery. Ant. Legislation. Parliament. Congresji Synod. Comp. Conclave and CabaL 96 Synonyms and Antonyms. CoNSPiiiBl » i.it. See Con- Bpiracy. Constant, arf/. Con and stare, to stand. Standing firm, regular, or true. Syn. Uniform. Regular. Invariable. Perpetual. Continuous. Firm. Faithful. True. Trustworthy. Ant, Irregular. Exceptional. "Variable. Casual. AccldentaL lucidenliil. Broken. Interrupted. Inconstant Fickle. Untrust- worthy. Faithless, Treacherous. False. CONSTEKNATION. Con Mid sternere, to strew or throw down. A knock-down blow of astonish- ment. Syn. Amazement. Bewilderment. As- tonishment, Astounding. Horror. Terror, Dismay, Ant, Encouragement Boldness. Fear- lessness. Assurance. Anticipation. Wel- come. Expectation, Greeting. Congratu- lation. Constituent, n. Con and stituo, from sisto, to place or stand. Used of persons politi- cally, and of thdngs as parts of a compound whole. Syn, Voter. Returner, Sender. De- puter. Appointer. Patron. Ingredient. Element Component Ant. Representative. Nominee, Com- mittee, Constitution. System. Whole, Constitute, v. tr. See Con- stituent. Si-N. Form. Make, Compose. Organize. Institute. Aa-t. Dissolve. Destroy, Discompose. Decompose. Disorganize, Abrogate, AnnuL Unmake, CoNSTiTDTiON, n. See above. Applied to the human tempera- ment of body, forms of govern- ment, and to compound condi- tion generally ; sometimes to such laws or regiilations as conserve social organizations. Syn. Temperament Habit Nature^ Government Polity. State. Consistence. Composition, Substance. Organization. Structure. Regulation. Law. Ant. Accident. Habituation. Modifica- tion. Interference. Anarchy. Despotism. Xjracnf. Ji«belUon, Revolution. Dissi- pation. Disorganization. Demolition. l*n. si ruction. Constrain, v. tr. Constringem. See Coerce. Construct, v. tr. Con and struere, to lay. Sin. Compose. Build. Fabricate. Form. Ant. Derange. Destroy, Overthrow Demolish, Construction, n. See Con- struct, Used also for the specific formation of statements, or tbo shape which facts may take in the mind. Syn. Composition. Fabrication. Erection Fahric. Edifice. Reading, Understanding. Interpretation. View. Ant. Dislocation. Dismemberment De- molition. Displacement. Misplacement Misconstruction. Misunderstanding. Mis- conception. Misinterpretation. Construe, v. tr. Same word as Construct; but, for the sake of marking a difference, it re- tains its present form : Construct being used of the process of put- ting together things physici oi analogous; Construe, of the re- solution of sentences or state- ments into their grammatical force and meaning. Syn. Parse. Resolve. Analyze. Inter* pret Understand. Render. Ant. Nullify, Neutralize. Mystify. Distort Falsify. Misconstrue. Misinter- pret Misconceive. Mistranslate. Consult, v. tr. and int. Con- sulere, part. consuUtis. Act. and neut. To consult together, or to consult another. Also used in the sense of promote, the end being taken for the process. Syn. Interrogate. Canvass. (Juestiom Deliberate. Couler. Promote. Ant. Resolve. Explain. Expound. Direct Instruct Dictate. Counteract Conti'aveue. Consume, v. tr. and int. Con- sumere. To take up and alto- gether, so as to leave notiiing behind. This may be done witt Synonyms and Antonyms. economical purpijse, or from wantonness or purpose of de- struction. It has the int. sense of, to waste away. Syn. Use. Appropriate. Afsimilate. 0<;cupy. Absorb. Employ. Utilize. Waste. Perttroy. Spoil. Rarage. Expand. Pine. Wither. Decay. AnT. Ri'ject. Supersede. Disuse. Dis- card, CoNSUMMATB, V. tr. Con and summus, topmost ; summa, a sum. To bring to a point or head. Syn. Complete. Perfect. Execute. Con* elude. Seal. End. Ant. KeRlecu Drop. Interrupt. Nullify. UiHlo. Baffle. Frustrate. Mar. Spoil. Defeat. Consummate, adj. See verb. Syn. Perfect. Egregious. Excellent. Complete. Finished. Ant. Imperfect. Rude. Common. Me- diocre. Faulty. Defective. Ordinary. Consummation, n. See Con- summate, V. Consumption, n. See Con- sume. Contact, n. Contingere, con- tactus. To come close enough to touch. Syn. Touch. Contiguity. Continuity. Apposition. Acyunction. Ant. Proximity. A^jacence. Interval. Interrupllon. Disconnection. Separation. Distance. Isolation. Non-contact. Contagious, adj. See Contact. Produced by, or as if by, the in- fluence of contact. Syn. Catching. Communicated. Trans- ferred, Transmitted. Ant. infectious. Sporadic. Eudemic. Antipathetic. Preventative Contain, v. tr. Gontinere. To hold together or inside. Si"N. Hold. Include. Comprise. Inclose. Ant. Drop, Exclude, Extrude. Emit. Discharge. Afford. Yield. Produce. CoNTAMlNATB, V. tr. Oontami- nare, taminare, probably con- nected with tangere. Implying a defiling touch. Used physi- cally and morally. 97 Taint. Corrupt Sully Lave. Clarify conteTTir- SlN. Defile. Befoul. Soil. Ant. Purify. Cleanse. Sanctify. Chasten. Contemn, v. tr. Lat, nere. Syn. Despise. Disdain. Deride. Scorn. Slight. Disregard. Ant. Respect. Revere. Venerate. Re- gard. Contemplate, v. tr. From templum, a space of the heavens marked out for augury. Comp. one of the derivations given for Consider. It is used both as act. and neut. Syn. Meditate. Behold. Observe. Pon- der, study. Purpose. Design. Intend. Project. Ant. Ignora. Overlook. Waive. Aban- don. Contemporary, adj. Con and tempus, time. See Coetaneous and Coeval. Contempt, n. See Contemn. Contemptible, adj. See Con- temn. Syn. Dpspicable. Mean, Disreputable. Paltry. Trifling. Trivial. Ant. Important. Grave. Weighty, lionourable. Respectable. Venerable. Contend, v. int. Con and tendere. To stretch or strive for an object, with one's self or against another. Syn. Strive. Compete. Cope. Contest. Struggle. Grapple. Argue. Maintain. Dis- agree. Wrangle. Ant, Resign. Concede. Allow. Re- linquish. Forego. Surrender. Waive. Content, adj. See Contain. In the state of containing enough, or being fuU. Syn. FuU. Satisfied. Willing. Ra. signed. Ant, Unsatisfied. Dissatisfied. Uu- willing. Reluctant. Discontented. Contented, adj. See Content Contention, n. See Contend. Contentious, adj. See Con- tend. Given to contention. 98 Synonyms and Antonyms. Syn, Litigious, Perverse, Wayward. Splenetic. Cantanlceroug. Exreptious. Amt. Pucilic Obliging. Considerate. Obsequious. Accommodating. Easy. CoNTEEMiNOUS, adj. Con and terminus, a houndary. Having the same or equal limits; also has the boundaries contiguous. Stn. Commensurate. Adjoining. Con- tiguous. Abutting. Ant. Unequai. Inconformable. Ad- jacent» Proximate. Remote. lucoQt«r- minous. Contest, n. and v. Contestari. A struggle before witnesses. See Contention. Context, n. Con and texere, to weave. That into which a par- ticular passage is, as it were, inwoven. SVN. Tenor. Treatment. Texture. Com- position. Matter. Akt. Text. Quotation. Citation. Pas- sage. Extract. Contexture, -k. See Texture. CoNTiGUOTTB, odj. See Con- tagious, Adjacent, and Conter- minous. Continence, n. See Contain. Self -containment. Sin. Abstinence. Self-control. Refrain. Tt. Chastity. Sobriety. Temperance. Ant. Licentiousness. Self-indulgence. Incontinence. Dissoluteness. Intemper- ance. Contingent, adj. Contingere, to touch. Touching upon another thing, so as to move with and depend upon it. Used abstract- edly, in tiie sense of hypotheti- cal. Stn, Dependent. Incidental. Resultant. Coefficient. HypotheticaL Uncertain. Con- ditional. Ant. Positive. Absolute. Independent Unmodified. Unaffected. Uncontrolled. Irrespective. Contingent, n. See adj. Syn. Contribution. Subsidy. Supply. Succour. Reinforcement Aiuuliaries. i)o- uittion. SabscriptioD. Ant. Army. bum. Host Campaign. Fund. Capital. CoNTDTUALLT, adv. Oontinu- are, from continere. To hold to- gether over successive periods ol time. £yn. Constantly. Persistently. Re- pealedly. Frequently. Continuously. Ant. Casually. Occasionally. Q>n- tinf.ently. Sometimes. Rarely. Fitfully Inbirmittently. Continuation, n. See Con- tinually. It is appUed to moral or mental continuity. Where ajjplied to external action, it in- volves also sustained action of the will, as, 'the continuation of a walk.' Physical sequence of matter is called continuity; the unbroken operation of physical influences, continuance, as, 'a continuance of fine weather." Continuance is also sometimes used for continuation. Succes- sion implies series, not uni- formity ; so, ' a succession of fine days,' or, ' a continuance of fine weather.' Syn. Sequence. Continuance. Succes- sion. Connection. Extension. Prolonga- tion. Perpetuation. Concatenation. AlsT. Interruption. Cessation. Discon- tinuance. Break. Gap. Continue, v. int. See above. Syn. Last Persist Endure. Persevere. Proceed. Ant. Cease. FaiL Stop. Pause. Break. Discontinue. Continuity, n. See Continua- tion. Contortion, n. Con and torquere, part, tortus, to twist. Syn. Twisting. Writhing. Wresting. Distortion. Deformity. Convolution. Ant. Symmetry. Uniformity. Shapeli- ness. Configuration. ContK)ur. Contour, n. Con and Lat. tarnus, a lathe, in reference to its power of producing a roundi d smoothness of surface. See Con- figuration. Contraband, adj. Contra Synonyms and Antonyms. 99 against, and bannum, or handum, a proclamation. See Abandon. Syn. Illicit. Interdicted. Smuggled. Ant. Licit. Unlaterdicted, Free. Contract, v. tr. Contrahere. To draw together. Mrst, into narrower Kmits than formerly; hence applied, analogously, to the gathering into a document of the conditions of an agree- ment; and, lastly, the informal act, or the feeling, of agreement, as, to contract a friendship, ac- qua,intance, or a feeling of friend- ship. Stn. Abridge. Abbreviate. Eetreccb. CurtaiL Form. Agree. Ant. Expand. Amplify. Dilate, Elongate. Reverse. Cancel. Abandon. Contract, n. See verh. SrN, Covenant. Agreement. Bond. Ahi. Promise. Assurance. Parole. Contradict, v. tr. Contra, against, and dicere, to speak. To speak or argue in opposition or confutation. Apphcable to per- sons, statements, and evidence. SrN. Oppose. Dissent. Negative. Deny. Disprove. Confute. Refute. Gainsay. Con- travene. Ant. State. Propound. Maintain. Argue. Confirm. Alfirm. Endorse. Contradiction, n. See Con- tradict. Used of mutual repug- nance of terms or statements. SrN. Repugnance. Contrariety. Incon- sistency. Incompatibility. Aht. Harmony. Coincidence. Con- sentaneity. Concurrence. Convergence. Statement. AlHrmation. Proof. Contradistinotion, n. A distinction amounting to opposi- tion ; or distinction of a marked kind. Contraposition, •«. Contra, and positio, from ponere, to place. Opposite location. Placing. Stn. Oppositeness. Confrontment Facing. ^^ Side. Flank. CoUateralness. Contraeious, adj. Said of disposition. See Contentious. Contrary, adj. Contrarius, contra, against. Stk. Opposed. Opposite. RepugnanL Adverse. Incompatible. Inconsistent. Akt. Agreeing. Consentaneous. Com- patible. Kindred. Coincident. Consistent. Contrast, n. Contra and sistere, to place. SrN. Opposition. Contrariety. Dissimi- larity. Ave. Harmony. Similarity Comparison. Similitude. Contravene, v. tr. Contra and venire, to come. To come in opposition to the statements or judgments of another. See Con- tradict. Contribute, v. Contribuere. To give or tend to a common fund, or for a common purpose. Act. and neut. ; as the latter, it has the force of conduce. Stn. Conduce. Add. Subscribe. Give. Tend. Supply. Akt. Refuse. Withhold. Misconduce. Misapply. Contravene. Contribution, n. See Contri- bute. Syn. Donation. Oblation. Offering. Sub- scription. Subsidy. Aid. Assistance. Ant. Withholding. Retention. Disal- lowance. Misappropriation. Misapplica- tion. Contravention. Contrition, n. Conterere, tritus. See Attrition. Contrivance, n. See Con- trive. CoNTRrvB, V. tr. Fr. trouver, to find. Conn. Treasure-trovc. To find out ways in general, and the right way in particular, as the result of research and skill. Syn. Plan. Design. Arrange. Fabri- cate. Adapt. Manage. Scheme. Devise. Ant. Hit Hazard. Run. Chancei Venture. Bungle. Over-vault, Over-do. Contriving, adj. See Cod- trive. H 2 ]00 Synonyms and Antonyms. Snr. Scheming. Artful. DesigDing, Peep. Cunniug. Ingenious. Qever. In- ventive. Ant. Stolid. Inapt. Resourceless. Un- ready. Artless, Uninveutive. Control, v. tr. Fr. contre rolle. The roll was rotulus, a parchment ■wound on a cylinder of wood, and used as a register of deeds and accounts. Syn. Check. Curb. Moderate. Regulate. Restrain. Coerce. Manage. Administer. Govern. Ant. Neglect. Abandon. Licence. Libe- rate. Fr-je. Mismanage. Misconduct. Control, n. See verb. Controversy, to. Contra, againstj and vertere, to turn. The turning of one against another in debate. SrN. Dispute. Disagreement. Disputa- tion. Wrangle. Bickering. Question. Ant, Agreement. Unanimity. Coinci- dence. C0NTR0Vi3RTIBLE, adf. See Controversy. That may be made matter of controversy. Syn. Questionable. Dubious. Akt. Unquestionable. Incontrovertible. Contumacy, 7i. Contumaciaj from temnere, to despise authority, or turner e J to swell against it. SrN. ^Rebelliousness. Stubbornness. Res- tiveness. Waywardness. Self-will. Uu- tractahleness. Ant SubmissivenesB. Docility, Tracfc- ableness. Servility. Ci'inglng. Fawning, flattery. Contumely, to. See Contu- macy. Si'N. Contemp^uousness. Scomfulnesa. Arrogance. Disrespect. Obloquy. Ant. Resppct. Regard. Obligingness. Accommodation. Considerateness. Fawn- ing. Flattery. Adulation. Obsequiousness. Contusion, n. Con and tun- den-, tusus, to heat or knock, Syn. Bruise. Knock. Blow. Akt. Soothing. SmooLliing. Stroking. Caress. Pat. ConyalescENOE, To. CorivaleS' cere, from valere, to he strong. The state of health, especially in re- ference to previous sickness. Stn. Health. Sanity. Vigour. RoboBt. ness. Hardiness. Haleness. Recovery. Cure. Amt. Infirmity. Weakness. Unhealthi- ness. Sickliness. Complaint. Disease. Malady. Ailment. Prostration. Sinking. Relapse. Convene, act. and int. Coit, and venire, to come. Used only of persons. Syn. Assemble. Collect Gather. Smn- mon. Muster. Levy. Convoke. Ant. Disperse. Dismiss. Disband. Convenient, adj. See Con- vene. Coming opportunely or conducively. The older sense was, fitting, decent, becoming. Syn. Handy. Apt. Helpful Commo- dious. Useful. Timely. Seasonable. Op- portune. Ant. Inconvenient. Awkward. Ob- structive. Useless. -Superfluous. Unsea- sonable. Untimely. Inopportune. Convention, to. See Convene. Has the sense of an assembly for a common purpose, and the re- sult of deliberation, in the shape of compact. It differs from compact as being to nations or societies what compacts are to individuals. Syn. Assembl^e. Meeting. Gathering. Conference. Cabinet. Convocation. Con- gress. Session. Synod. Treaty, Compact. Ant. Recess. Non-convention, Disso- lution. Prorogation. Promise. Under- standing. Word. Parole. Conventional, adj. See Con- vene. Based upon social cus- tom. Syn. Customary. Usual. Prevalent. Social. Ant. Unusual Unsocial. Legal. Com- pulsory. Statutable. Immutable. Natural Invariable. Conventual, adj. See Con- vene. Belonging to the convent Syn. Monastic. Regular. CoeuobituaL Ant. Laic. Secular. Social Converge, v. int. Con and vergere, to tend or slope. Used of things among themselves, or one to another, or a common point. Synonyms and Antonyms. Stn. Tend. Bear. Incline. I^ad, Co- incide. Conduce. Contribute. Meet. Con- centrate. Corradiate. Ant. Diverge. Deviate. Kadiate. Mix. Font. Entangle. Conversant, adj. Con and versari, to he versed. Having the knowledge of experience. Syk. Familiar. Acquainted. Experi- enced. Versed. Learned, Ant, Unfamiliar. Unacquainted. Ig- norant. Unversed. Unlearned. Strange. Inconversant. CoNVEBSATiON, n. See Con- versant. Applied by usage to community of speech, though, in old times, the word was equi- valent to mode of life. SrN. Converse. Dialogue. Colloquy. Confabulation. Chat. Ant. Speech. Oration. Harantnie. Babt-1. Jabber. Bubbl.-. ftattle. Dribble, Mutter. Siililoquy. Apostrophe. Mono- lopie. Interpellation. Interruption. SiLencK. Taciturnity. Converse, v. See Conversa- tion. Converse, adj. See above. Denotes duality of opposition, SrN, Opposite, Reverse, Contrary, Op- posed, Contradictory, Counter. Correlative. Relative. Ant. Identical. Same. One. Insepa- rable. Indistinguishable. Connate. Uni- form. Direct. Primary. Uninverted. CoNVERSiBiiE, adj. See above. Comp. Affable. Conversion, n. Con and vertere, to turn. Implies the changed state of the whole per- son or thing; also the relative change of two things. Si-K. Change. Alteration. Transmuta- tion. Transformation. Interchange. Airr, Persistence. Permanence. Con- servation. Retention. Identity. Convert, v. int. See Con- version. With the additional sense of apply. SvN. Change. Alter. Transmute. Trans- form, Apply, Appropriate. Ant, Conserve. Perpetuate. StabiII*«il*A Stereotype. Clinch Alienate, Di«ert. SSisappropriate. Misapply. CONVEBTIBLB, adj. In strict logic, said of which may interchangeably form the subject or predicate of a pro- position; as, the aggregate of the English letters is the Eng- lish alphabet; or, the English alphabet is the aggregate of the English letters; so, the terms are convertible. All trees are vegetables; here the terms are not convertible, for there are vegetables which are not trees. But, in usage, the word has ex- tended to mean words or terms which, generally speaking, may be used interchangeably. Stm. Identical. Commensurate. Con- terminous. Equivalent, Equipollent, Akt, Variant. Incommensurate, Un- equivalent. Contrary. Contradictory, Con- irariant. Convey, v. tr. Con and vehere, to carry. To carry bodily; im- plying, however, some definite direction and end. Used also metaphorically, as, to convey an impression: SvH, Take. Carry. Transfer, Trans- port Remove, Ant, Bring. Adduce, Fetch, Drop. House, Slow, Deposit, Conveyance, n. See Convey, Used loosely for carriage, as a means of personal conveyance. Convict, v. tr. See Convince. Used of legal convincement of crime or misdemeanour. Syn, Sentence, Condemn. Ant. Acquit. Discharge. Conviction, n. See Convict. Used also for assurance. SyN. Assurance. Persuasion. Belief. Alnt. Doubt. Misgiving. Disbelief. Convince, v. tr. Con and vinnere, to overcome. To over- come objections of ftie intellect, as to persuade is to overcome objections of the will. Id usage 102 Synonyms and Antonyms. it does not necessarily imply pre- vious resistance, but only igno- rance of mind. It is followed by the frrep. of. Syn. Persuade. Enlighten. Inoculate. Indoctrinate. Ant. Misguide. Mislead. Misadvise. Mystify. Puzzle. Petplejc Mispersuade. Unsettle. CoNvrviAL, adj. Convivium, a repast. Said of meetings and persons ; the idea of feasting, as in the term Festive, being not rigidly raesent. Syn. Hnspitable. Social. Festive. Jovial. Jolly. Ant. Inhospitable. Unsociable. Un- neighbourly. Churlish. Abstemious. Aus- tere. Ascetic. Convoke, Convooate, Con- vocation. Con and vocare, to call. See Convene and Conven- tion. Convolution, «. Con and volvere, to roll, volutus. A coiling inwards. Syn. Coil. Involution. Implication. Spiral. Twist. Contortion. Ant. Unravelling. Kxplicatioa Evolu- tion. Enucleiitiou. Convoy, n. and v. Con and via, a way (yiagium, whence voyage). Is to the sea what Escort is on land. Syn. Escort. Guard. Protection. Con- duct. Ant. Loss. Betrayal. Capture. Inter- - ceptlon. Convulse, v. tr. Con and vellere, to tear or pull, part, vulsiis. To produce internal agitation. SY3r. Agitate. Shalie. Perturb. Ant. Soothe. Collocate. Compose. As- suage. Convulsion, n. See Convulse. Syn. Agitation. Commotion. Perturba- tion. Tumult Turmoil. Ant. Quiescence. Subsidence. Soothing. Pacification. Arrangement. Composure. CooL, V. tr. Germ. Used physically and analogously. Syn. Ventilate. Refrigerate. Allay. Hunp. Temper. Moderate. Ant. "Warm. Heat Chafe, frritate Exaie. Inflame. CooL, adj. See Cool, v. Syn. Cold. Calm. Indifferent Self- Abt. Warm. Hot Ardent Eager. Coolness, n. See above. Syn. Coldness. Calmness. Indifference Self-possession. Distance. Ant. Heat. Ardour. Eagerness. Pas- sion. Excitement. Warmth, Heartiness. Coop, V. tr. Of Northern origin. Conn, with Cup. See Confine. Co-operate, v. int. Con and opus, a work. Followed by the prep. with. Syn. Assist. Abet Conspire. Ant. Thwart. Oppose. Counteract, Rival. Co-opeeation, n. See Co- operate. Co-ordinate, adj. Con and ordo, a rank. Either belonging to the same order or class ; or, more correctly, belonging to the same rank or degree. Syn. Consociate. Comcident Equal. CoequaL Equivalent Tantamount Equi- ■ pollent Interequivalent Ant. Extraneous. Diverse. Alien. Un- etiual. Unequlvalent Inco-onlinate. Dis- parate. Copartner, n. See Partner. Cope, v. int. Er. couper, to cut. Coup, a blow. Conn. Copse or Coppice, where the wood is frequently cut for fuel. It . is followed by the prep. with. Syn. Contend. Vie. Struggle. Strivi Compete. Akt. Negotiate. Arbitrate. Compro- mise. Surrender. Copious, adj. Copia. See Abundant. Plenty. Copy, n. See Copious. A con- trivance for multiplying an ori- ginal. Syn. Imitation. Portraiture. LikenP6& Tran>criiit Ant. Original. Prototype Uodd. luf ample. Pattern. Synonyms and Antonyms. 103 CoEDIAIi, adj. Cor, the heart. Syk. Wana. Earnest. Affectionate. Hearty. Ant. Cold. Distant. Formal. Cere- monious. Coke, n. See Cordial. Srx. Heart. Kernel. Nucleus. Centre. Am. Face. Exterior. Aspect. Ap- peamnce. Complexion. Ostensibility. Pre- text. CoBNEB, n. Cornu, a horn. The angle made by the horns, the head being the point of meet- ing. 5y usage, any locality of a hollow or secluded kind. Syn. Cavity. Hole. Nook. Recess. Retreat. Ant. Coin. Abutment. Prominence. Salience. Angle. Protrusion. Elbow. Pro- jection. Convexity. CoENiCE, n. Ft. Comp. with Crown. A moulded projection. Syn. Beading. Moulding. Projection. Ant. Entablature. Fluting. Co;-rugation. Caviiy, Groove. CoBOLLABY, «. Corolla, a chaplft, from corona, cordllarium. A gift of elegance, as, a chaplet or bouquet of flowers, crowning, or superadded to the due wages. Hence, an additament of an in- ferential nature. Syn. Inference. Deduction. Additament. Superaddition. Ant. Problem. Proposition. CoEPOEAL, Cobpoeeal, adj. Corpus ori^, the body. Syn. Bodily. Fleshly. Physical. Ant. Mental. Moral. Spiritual. CoEPS, n. Corpus, a body. Or- ganized more especially for mili- tary purposes. tsYN. Body. Regiment. Band. Squadron. Troop. Company. AnT. Army. Host. Force. Mass. Or- ganization. Aggregate. Corpse, n. See Corps. By ■usage restricted to dead bodies. Stn. Carcase. Remains. Dust. Clay. AST. Soul. Person. Individual. COEPTTLBNT, adj. See Corps. Syn. Stout. Portly. Burly. Fat. Ant. Lean. Thin. Atten;^«d. Slight. ^3U'/;iat«d. CoBPUSOLE, n. See a\)0ve. Syn. Atom. Particle. Monad. Jot Molecule. Ant. Mass. Body. Aggregate. Or- ganization. Matter. Corpuscular, udj. See Cor- puscle. COBBADLATB, V., COEEADIA- TioN, n. See Converge. CoEBECT, adj. Con and regere, to rule. Whence Eegular or Eule. True to a given standard of morals, mathematics, logic, art, &c. See Accurate. Syn. True. Exact. Faultless. Bight, Ant. False. Untrue. Incorrect Faulty ' Wrong. COBRBCT, V. See adj. Syn. Chasten. Punish. Rectify. Amend. Ant. Spare. Falsify. Corrupt Corrective, adj. and n. SrN. Regulative. Alterative. Preventa- tive. Restorative. Ant. Confirmative. Conducive. Provo- cative. Stimulative. Intensitive. CoEEBLATiON, n. Con and referre, relatus, to refer. Syn. Correspondence. Interrelation. Interdependence. Mutuality. Apposition. Akt. Contradiction. Independence. In- ter-repugnance. Correlative, adj. See Cor- relation. CoEEESPOND, V. int. Con and respondere, to respond. Syn. Match. Tally. Fit Answer. Agree. Suit Harmonize. Ant. Vary. Differ. Disagree. Jar. Clash. COEBESPONDENCB, n. See Correspond. It has also the tech- nical sense of correspondence by letter. Syn. Fitness. Agreement. Answerable- nes& Match. Congenialiry. Communica- tion. Letter. "Writing.. Despatches. Ant. Conversation. CoUoquy. Con- fabulation. Reservation. Withdrawal. Withholding. Non-intercourse. Difference. Repugnance. CoERiGlBLB, ad.f. See Correct. Syn. Amenable. Docile. Tractable. Ant. Intractable. Stubborn. lQ<»»ri«i- ble. 104 Synonyms and Antonyms. COBEOBOBATK, V. tr. Con and rohur, strength. Whence Robust. To strengthen evidence, state- ment, or opinion. Stn. Strengthen, Confirm. Fortify. Support, ANT, Weaken, Invalidate. Shake. Con- fute. Bebut, Enfeeble, CoEEOBOEATioN, «. Hee Cor- roborate. Syn, ConfinnatioD. Fortification. Strengthening. Ant. Counterevidence. Contradiction. Invalidation. Shaking, Refutation, CoEEODB, V. tr. Con and ro- dere, to gnaw. Used physically and metaphorically, as, corroding care. SiN. Eat. Rust Gnaw. Canker. Wear, Crumble. Ant. Repaur. Renew. Furbish. Cou- Bolidate. Corrosion, n. See Corrode. CoEEOSiVB, adj. See Corrode. CoERTJGATB, V. tr. Euga, a wrinkle. SrN, Furrow, Groove, Rumple, Crumple. Wrinkle. Ruffle. Crease. Akt. Plane, Flatten. EolL CoBBUGATioN, n. See Corru- gate. Corrupt, v. tr. Con and rumpere. To break up the ele- ments of an organized body; hence, morally, to taint, and also to spoil mental matter, as, the views of truth, or the text of a book, by false rendering. Sin. Spoil. Deteriorate.- Impair. De- base. Defile. Contaminate. Pollute. De- prave. Ant. Mend. Repair, Purify. Cleanse. Correct Ameliorate. Better. CoREDPT, adj. See verb. Syn. Defiled, Polluted. Vitiated. Con- taminated. Ant. Pure. Uncorrupt Undefiled Corruption, n. See Corrupt. Physical and moral. Stn, Decomposition, Decay, Defile- 1 uient. Deterioration. Taint Contamina- titxa. PutrefdctioQ, ! Ant. Vitality, Organization. l^Qlity Purification, Amelioration, CoEUSCATE, V. int. CoruKcare. To shine with a flashing Ught, as distinguished from a steady burning. Syn, Blaze. Flame. Flash. Scintillata, Glisten. Ant, Pale, Smoulder, Darken. Loom. Lower, Glimmer. Gleam, (jlare. Beam Shimmer. CoEuscATioN, n. See Corus- cate. CosMiCAL, adj. Gr. koo-hos, the world. Stn, Universal, General, Ant. Local. Topical. NationaL Per- sonal. Cost, n. Germ, fconten. Lat. con stare. To stand at a price. The price at which a thing stands Syn. lo v. Require, Consume, Absorb. Aat, Bring, Produce. Yield. Afford. Fetch. Return. Syn. to n. Expenditure. Outlay. Dis- bursement Payment Compensation, Out goings. Akt. to n. Receipt, Income, Emolu- ment Return, Profit Perquisite, R^ venue. Costly, adj. See Cost. Syn. Valuable. Expensive. High-priced, Rich, Precious, Sumptuous. Ant. Valueless. Cheap. Low-priced. Mean. Worthless Beggarly. Paltry. Costume, n. Same word as Custom, from the Lat. consuetudo. Custom or way of living ; but by usage restricted to distinctive dress. Syn. Uniform. Livery. Robes, Ant. Disguise. Transformation. Incog' nito. Cost, adj. Pr. causer, to chat. Syn. Snug. Comfortable. Chatty. Ant. Bare. Comfortless, Cross, COTEMPOEAET, adj. See Coe- taneous and Coeval. rnt^rH, 1', Pr. coucher, to lie, Sm. Lie, Bend, Stoop. Squat Ant. Rise. Stand. Spring. Dart 8t«t. Synonyms and Antonyms. ]05 CouoHANT, ad). See Couch. Used heraldically. Council, n. Lat. concilium. A lawful or standing combina- tion for purposes of consultation. Syn. Cabinet Bureau. Chamber. Con- sultation. Conclave. Parliament. CongreES. Synod. Ant. League. Conspiracy. Cabal. In- trigue. Mob. Multitude. Crowd. Counsel, n. The French form of Council. Si-N. Advice. Instruction. Monition. Ant. Misguidance. MisiDstruction. Be- trayal. CoTTNSEL, V. See noun. CoUNSBLLOB, «. See Couusel,?!. Count, v. tr. Lat. computare, to compute ; of which Count is a shorter form. Stn. Compute. Reckon. Enumerate. Estimate. Number. Sum. Ant. Hazard. Conjecture. Guess. Lump. Confound. Countenance, v. Continentia vulius. The general pose, aspect, or expression of the features ; or the componentparts of the face itself, irrespective of such ex- pression. Used metaphorically for aid, being the result of a favourable expression of counte- nance. Sim. Help. Aid. Abet Encourage. Aht. Oppose. Confront. Discourage. Discountenance. Browbeat Countenance, n. See verb. Syk. Aid. Abet Encourage. Support AsT. Discountenance. Counter. Lat. contra, against. It is used as an adverb, preposi- tion, and prefix. Syn. Opposed. Contrary, Against Ant. According. Coincident Counteract, v. tr. Contra, against, and agere, to do or act, so as strongly to oppose, or effec- tually to neutralize. Syn. CounterlnCuence. Coimterfoil. Foil. Baffle. Neutralize. Oppose, Rival. Thwart Hlndnr. Ant. Aid. Help. Abet Promota Conserve. Co-operate. Subserve. COUNTBEBVIDENCE, n. CoTltra, evidentia, evidere, to look out, or manifest itself. Evidence in an opposite direction. Syn. Contradiction. Confliction. Ant. Corroboration. Confirmation. Counterfeit, v. Contra and facere, factus, to do or make. A thing done falsely, that is, against truth or justice or actual fact, Syn. Simulate. Misrepresent. Impcr« sonate. Ant. Expose. Unmask. Detect. Counterfeit, n. See verb. Syn. Cheat. Trick. Juggle. Fraud. Artifice. Fabrication. Pretence. Ruse. Sham. AjfT. Exposure. Detection. Unmasking. Unveiling. Reality. Verity. Fact Truth. Counterfoil, v. tr. Contra, against, and folium, u, leaf, or thin plate of metal (as tin-foil), placed at the end of fencing- swords for purposes of safety. Hence to foil may be to baflle or blunt the edge of an attack. But comp, ¥i. fouler. See Baffle. Countermand, v. tr. See Command. Counterpart, n. Contra and pars, a part, lot, or place. That which is placed opposite to a thing to match it, as each gate- post is the counterpart of the other. From the usual similarity of counterparts, the word has come strongly to express the idea of resemblance, which is not its primary force. Physical counterparts may be opposite in situation, but cannot be opposed. Syn, Match. FeUow. Tally, Brother. Twin, Copy. Ant. Correlative. Complement Sup- olement Opponent Counteragect. Re- verse. Obverse. Opposite. Antithesla Contrast Coniradiction. 106 Synonyms and Antonyms. Counterpoise, v. tr. Fr. contre pais, pondus, weight. Syn. Balance. Equalize. Amt, Overbalance. Aggravate. Counterpoise, n. See veri. Syn. Makeweight. Equilibrium. Akt. Preponderance. CouNTBRPEESSUEE, «. Contra and premere, pressus, to press. Stn. Resistance. StubboranesB. Reni- tency. Ant. Yielding. Giving. Resilience. Countervail, v. int. Contra and valere, to be of force. Counter- vail is to the notion of influence what Counterpoise is to that of weight. Syn, Counteract. Oppose. Withstand. Ant. Aggravate. Intensify. Subserve. Countless, adj. See Count. Syn; Innumerable. Numberless. Ant. Few. Scant. Sparse. Countryman, n. One of the country. Also one of a country, and one of the same country. Country is from It. contradii, from the Lat. contra, a tract lying opposite to the spectator. Syn. Rustic. Ciown. Boor. Agricul- turist. Labourer. Peasant. Fellow-coun- tryman. Kellow-suhject. Fellow-citizen. Subject. Citizen. Inhabitant. Native. Ant. -Oppidan. Townsman. Cockney. Foreigner. Alien. Stranger. Couple, v. tr. Copidare, copulus, a link. Used of fasten- ing two things to each other. Syn. Bracket. Link. Conjoin. Unite. Splice. Buckle. Button. Qaiip. Tie. Brace. Ant. Loose. Part. Isolate. Separate, Detach. Divorce. Uncouple. Unclasp. Untie. Courage, n. Fr. coiir, the hcirt. Syn. Bravery. Boldness. Valour. Gal- antry. P'earlessness. Intrepidity. AsT. 'I'imidity. Cowardite. Puslllani- nity. Poltroonery. Dastardlinesa. CouBBB, n. Cursus, from cur- rere, to run. Stn. Order. Sequence. Continuity. Dlrec-ion. Progress. Line. Way. Mode, Plan Cunducl. Ant. Disorder. Discursion. Solution, Interruption. Deviation. Hindrance. Error. Conjecture. Hazard. Speculation. Caprice. Court, v. Fr. cour. A court. To seek to gain, as it were, by courtly address. Syn. Woo. Seek. Affect Flatter. Pur- sue. Ant. Repel. Abjure. Disaffect Insnlt Avoid. Shun. Repudiate. Courtesy, n. See Court. Syn. PoliteneHS. Urbanity. Civility Affability. Graciousness. Ant. Churlishness. Rudeness. Arro- gance. 'Jngraciousness. Incivility. Courtly, adj. See Court. Having the manners of the court. Syx. Dignified. Polished. Refined. Aristocratic. High-bred. Mannerly. Ant. Undignified. Rough. Unpolished. Coarse. Unrefined. Plebeian. Awkward. Boorish. Rustia Unmannerly. CouETSHiP, n. See Court. Covenant, n. Fr. convenance, from convenire, to come together. It is used of formal and ratified agreements. Syn. Agreement. Bond. Stipulation. Compact. Contract Ant. Promise. Intimation. Assurance. Parole. Underatanding. Cover, v. tr. Fr. couvrir. Lat. cooperire, to cover. To be so placed over a thing as to conceal it, protect it, or be coexpansive with it. SvN. Hide. Conceal. Cloke. Screen. Secrete. Protect. Meet. Secure. Ant. Kxpose. Reveal. Betray. Ex- hibit. Pruduce. Mis-suffice. Covert, adj. Cover. Coverture, n. See Cover. Syn. Marriage. Matrimony. Wedlock. Ant. Celibacy. Virginity. Covet, v. tr. Con and cujndm, from cvpere, to desire. CovetoUB- ness and Concupiscence are the same word, with difference o< usage. Eagerly to desire, espe- cially the possessions of others. Coopertus. See Synonyms and Antonyms, 3rx Desire. I.ong for. Yearn for. Haiike. after. Ant Despise. Dislike. Mislike. Un- dervalue. Covetous, adj. See Covet. Sys. Acquisitive. Avaricious. Greedy. Grasping. Kapacious. AsT. Unselfish. Liberal. Sel f-sacri- ficing. Profuse. Bountiful. Chai-itable. CovETOUSNESS, n. See Covet- ous. Cow, V. tr. Der. uncertain; conn, either with Cover or Coward. Syn. Frighten. Abash. Intimidate. Oppress. Browbeat. Ant. Countenance. Eally. Encourage. Inspirit. CowAED, n. Der. uncertain. Low Lat. codardus. Said to be from Cauda, a tail. One who turns tail. Syn. Craven. Dastard. Recreant. Pol- troon. Renegade. Akt. Champion. Hero. Daredevil. Desperado, Cower, v. int. Germ. Jcauern. To stoop ftom fear. Sin, Shrirrk. Stoop. Crouch. Ant. Rise. Stand. Dare, t'ace. Con- front. Coxcomb, n. From a strip of red cloth notched like a cock's comb, which the old jefjters wore on their heads. The coxcomb is a man of folly, forwardness, and affectation. Syn. Fop. Dandy. Puppy. Prig. Pedant. Ant. Genius Savant. Authority. Celebrity. Philosopher. Sage. Coxcombical, adj. See Cox- comb. Syk. Vain. Affected. Conceited. Dan- iifted. Pedantic. Prif^ish. Ant. Unaffected. Unconceited. Sensible. Coy, adj. Lat. quietus. Quiet or loving retirement. Syn. Shy. Reserved. Bashful. Shrink- ing. Retreating. Modest. Ant. Bold. Forward. Rompish. Hoy- denisb. Cozen, o. tr. To cheat. Dor. 107 uncertain, Germ, tiehkosen, to wheedle ; or to deceive under pretence of cousinship or con- sanguinity. Syn. Circumvent. Wheedle. Coax. Se- duce. Deceive, Ant. Enlighten. Undeceive. Disabuse. Crabbed, adj. From crab, sour. Of Northern origin, akin to the Latin acerbus. Syn. Sour. Morose, Churlish. Crusty. Cross-grained. ANT. Pleasant. Open. Easy. Genial. Conversible. Warm. Cordial. Hearty. Crack, v. tr. and int. Germ. krachen. Syn. Split. Break. Splinter. Chip. Snap. Ant. Mend. Repair. Unite. Piece. Splice. Creaky, Cracked. See Crack. Used metaphorically of the brain. Syn. Crazy. FUgbfy. Queer. Deranged. Touched. Cranky. Chinky. Ant. Sound. Sensible. Dear-headed. Shrewd, StroTig-mlnded. Sane. Craft, n. Saxon. Originally meant no more than skill, espe- cially in handiwork; so handi- craft. It has dropped into an unfavourable meaning — natu- rally, for man tends ever to the misuse of knowledge, and of all his gifts. Syn. Art. Artifice. Cunning. Guile. Stratagem. Manceuvre. Wiliness. Trickery. Duplicity. Chicanery. Intrigue. Under- handedness. Dodge. Ant. Openness. Falmesg. Candour. Honesty. Fraiikness. Sincerity. Artless- ne&s. Ingenuousness. Straigbtforwardnesa, Crafty, adj. See Craft. Cram, v. tr. Saxon. Syn. Stuff. Choke. Squeeze. Ram. Pack. Gorge. Ant. Disgorge. Vent. Discharge. Un- load. Unpack. Eviscerate. Empty. Elinii- nate. Cramp, v. tr. Germ, krampf, Fr. crump'-. A clamp. Syn. Bind. Narrow. Restrict CocCr^a Cl(^. Ham pe r. Fetter. Cripple. 108 Synonyms and Antonyms. Asr. Free, Liberate. Loose. Eelieve. Extricate. Enlarge. Widen. Expand. £ase. Qnfetier. Cbanky, adj. Germ. kranJe. Said of sailing-vessels liable to upset. Metaphorically, in the sense of Creal^, which see. Ckaptjlenoe, «. Lat. crapvla. The sickness which follows a debauch. Stn. Surfeit. Headache. Dissipation. Debaucher.v. Excess. Muddiness. Ant. Temperance. Sobriety, Clearness. Freshness. Crash, n. Gothic. Comp. Crush. The sound of collision as weU as the collision itself. Sharp and short, as distinguished from prolonged sound, however violent. Syn. Jar. Clang. Clash. Resonance. Ant. Murmui. Whisper. Babble. Kuinbling. Reverberation. Din. Crabsittidb, n. Crassus. Thickness of habit, suggestive of thickness or density of mind. Syn. Density, Thickness. Corpulence. Obesity. I^urliness. Brawniness. Ani- malism. Pmgultude. Lumpiabness. Be- sotcedness. .^NT. Tenuity. Spareness. Sligbtness. Agility. Activity. Spirituality, intellec- tuality. Crave, v. tr. Sax. To intreat. Syn. Intreat. Implore, Beg. Beseech. Supplicate. Cry. Ant. Demand. Insist. Require. Seize. Craven, n. Probably one who craves or cries off battie. See Coward. Crazy, adj. !Pr. ecrasser, to crush or crash. Hence, broken, impaired in mind; peculiarly appUoable to those crazed by age, misery, or disappointment. Syn. Idiotic Broken-down. Lunatic. Demented. Daft. Insane. Aberrant. Ant. Sound. Robust. Vigorous. Un- impaired. Cream, n. Fr. crSme. Lat. tremcyr, thick juice. Used, meta- phorically, for the choice part of a thing, or the upper stratum of a society. Stn. Marrow. Pith. Gist, Acme. Ant. Refuse. OfliJ. Drega. Dross. Garbage. Crease, v. and n. Grerm. krausen, to crisp. ISee Corrugate, Create, v. tr. Creare, to create, Syn. Form. Produce. Make. Fashion. Originate. Edu(%. Invent Imagine. Cause. Ant. Annihilate. Destroy. Demolish. Creator, n. See Create. Crbatttre, n. See Create. Ori- ginally anything created. Now restricted to living beings. Syn. Being. Animal. Brute. Ant. Chimera. Ghost. Bugbear. Credence, n. Credere, to be- lieve or intrust. Syn. Belief. Faith. Confidence. Ant. Disbelief. Distrust DeniaL Credential, n. See Credence. A document empowering one to hold an office of trust, or any particular office. Syn. Missive. Diploma. Title. Tesu- ment. Seal. Warranu Letter. Akt. Seir-license. Self-constituUun. Self-appointment. Autocracy. Credible, adj. See Credence. Worthy of credit. Said both of persons and things. Syk. Probable. Likely. Trustworthy. Ant. Improbable. Incredible. Unlikely Untrustworthy. Credit, n. See Credence. Is trust or confidence shown to an- other, on grounds of trustworthi- ness ; hence reputation. Syn. Belief. Trustworthiness. Beputa- tioiL Security. Honour. Praise. Ant. Disbelief. Distrust Untmst- worthiness. Shame. Insecurity. Censure, Disgrace. Creditor, n. See above. Ha who has advanced money or goods on the credit of another. Syn. Claimant Lender. Mortgagee. Akt. Debtor. Borrower, Mortgagor. Synonyms and Antonyms. 109 Ckedulitt, n. See above. A tendency to give credence too easily. SrN. Gullibility. Simplicity. Accepta- tiveness. Open-mouthedness. Aht. Incredulity. Scepticism. Suspi- ciousness. Shrewdness. Ceebd, n. See above. A sys- tem of articles of belief for a re- ligious or political party. Sra. Belief. Catechism. Articles. Con- fession. Subscription.^ Akt. Protest. Abjuration. Recantation. Betractation. Disbelief. Non-subscription. Crest, n. Lat. crista. Stn. Top. Summit Apex. Head. Crown. AST. Base. Foot. Bottom. Sole. Cbbsttallen, adf. See Crest. Stn. Cast-down. Humiliated. Abashed. Ant. Inspirited. Elated. Confident. Cbbw, n. Prom an old word, crue, from Lat. crescere, to grow, which appears in the word Ac- crue. The full complement of a ship's company. Used also in a depreciatory way. SxK. Complement. Company. Gang. Herd. Set Miscellany. Horde. Swarm. AST. Supercargo. Bevy. Galaxy. Con- Btellatlon. Picking. Cream. Elite. Crime, n. Lat. crimen. A charge of offence. SrN. Olfence. Misdeed, misdemeanour. Felony. Enormity . Akt. Good deed. Well-doing. Duty. Obligation. Exploit. Achievement Criminal, adj. See Crime. SrN. illegal. Felonious. Vicious. Ini- quitous. Sinful. Immoral. Guilty. Ne- farious. Flagitious. Ant. Lawful. Virtuous. Bight. Just Innocent Moral. Meritorious. Creditable. Honourable. Praiseworthy. Laudable. Criminality, n. See Criminal. Criminate, v. tr. See above. Syn. Charge. Implicate. Accuse. Ant. Acquit Extricate. Absolve. Chimp, v. tr. Connected with Crumple. See Corrugate. Crimp, adj. Syn. Brittle. Friable. Crisp. Akt. Tough. Stubborn. Viscous. :aaty. Ijentoub. Crimplb, V. tr. See Crumple. Cringe, v. neut. Conn, with Crank and Crinkle, to draw to- gether. To draw one's self to- gether into an attitude of sub- missiveness. Used metaphori- cally. SrN. Crouch. Bend. Bow. Fawn. Grabble. . tr. De and 'privui, had. To corrupt the moral na- tiu-e. See Debase. Depraved, adj. See Deprave. Depbecatb, v. tr. Deprecor, ari. De and prex, a prayer. To beg off a thing. Also used, in a more positive sense, for disavow, as, to deprecate all knowledge of a thing, which really is to depre- cate another's supposition that one has such a knowledge. Stn. Disavow. Disclaim. Expostulate Intercede. Akt. Beg. Supplicate. Ask. EntreaL Request. Imprecate, Invoke. Depreciate, v. tr. De and pretium, price. To cry down the value of an article or a cha- racter. Stn. Disparage. Undervalue. Decry. Ant. Appreciate. ExtoL Enhance Value. Over-value. Dephedation, n. De and proeda, a prey. A coming down upon a place, and carrying off something by force. Usage has softened the word into meaning an unauthorized encroachment. Stn. Havoc, Bobbeiy, Spoliation. Plunder. Trespass. Invasion. Encroach- ment. Ant. Pilfering. Perquiate. Abstraction. Pocketing. Bestitution. Depeedatoe, 1 dation. Depression, n. Deprimere, depressus. Used both physically, mentally, and analogously. Stn. Lowering. Degradation, ment. Dejection. Discouragement. Valley. Dip. Ant. Balsing. Elevation. Exaltation. Promotion. Preferment. Amelioration. Encouragement. Ballying. Eisiug. Mound. Prominence. Eminence. Deprtvb, v. tr. Deprivare, from privus, one's own. ConiL with Private. To take away « man's own. See Depre- Debase- HoUow. Synonyms and Antonyms. 125 Sth. Strip. Bereave. Despoil. Rob. DiTest. Amt. Invest. Endow. CompensAte. Enrich. Supply. Present Reinstate. In- denmiiy. Depth, n. See Deep. SrN. Profundity. Chasm. Abyss. Bottom. Ant. Surface. Shallowness. Super- ficiality. Dbputb, v. tr. Deputare. To appoint a person to a specific charge. SrN. Appoint. Commission. Charge. Gntnist Delegate. Authorize. Accredit. Ant. BecaL Discard. Dismiss. Dis- commission. Supersede. Deputy, n. See Depute. Syn. Vicegerent. Lieutenant. Repre- sentative. Agent. Commissioner. Legate. Proxy. Substitute. Syn. Principal. Master. Chief. Go- vernor. Sovereign. Ruler. Head. Dbeangb, v. tr. Fr. deranger. From Eange. Conn, with Eing and Bank, from arena. See Ar- range. Dkeangement, n. See Derange and Aberration. Dereliction, n. De and re- linquere, relictus, to leave. A leaYing off, or faUtue in, a point or course of duty. Stn. Abandonment. Failure, Short- coming. Desertion. Relinquishment, Neg- lect, Ant, Performance, Otservance. Ad- herence, Attention. Deride, v. tr. See Derision. Derision, n. De and ridere, to laugh ; risus, laughter. Contemp- tuous laughter. Stn, Scorn. Contempt, Contumely. Disrespect. Ant. Respect. Regard, Admiration, Reverence. Derisive, adf. See Deride. Derivation, n. De and rivus, a stream. The flow of a thing from its source. Stn. Origin. Source. Beginning. Cause. Etymology. Root. Spring. Analysis. AST. Result. Issue. Formation. Ap- pUcation, Use, Deeivb, v. tr. See Derivation, Stn. Deduce. lYace. Follow. Track. Draw. Resolve, Airr. Misdeduce. Misattribute, Mis* traoe. Derogate, v. int. Derogare; To ask the votes of the Eoman people concerning the modiflcar tion of a law. Hence, to detract from a thing, and, specifically, from the value of it. Followed by the prep. from. Stn, Detract, Disparage. Depreciate, Decry. Deteriorate. Ant. Esteem, Value, Laud, Enhance, ExtoU Exaggerate. Over-estimate. Over- value. Derogation, n. See Derogate. Descant, v. int. Dis and cantus, a song. A variation from or in a given melody. Diffuselj to talk. Stn. Dissert. Discuss. Expatiate En- large. Talk, Dwell. Amplify Ant. Condense. Abridge, Abbreviate, Curtail, Confine, Clip, Delineate, Desoeot), v. int. Descendere, scandere, to climb. See Ascend. Descendant, n. See Descend, Stn, Offspring. Progeny, Stock, Scion, Seed. Branch, Issue, House, Family, Lineage, Ant, Author. Founder, Parent. An- cestor. Progenitor. Stock. Root. Source. Origin. Descent, n. See Descend and Ascend. Desokibe, v. tr. De and scri- bere, to write or draw. To draw a Ime round a space, or, men- tally, round an idea, for sake of explanation. Stn. Draw. Delineate. Portray. Ex- plain, Illustrate, Define, Picture, Ant, Confound, Confuse, Mystify Misrepresent, Caricature, Distort, Dbscription, n. See Describe and Denomination. Descry, v. tr. Discernere, di»- cretus. To discern. Comp. Dis- cretion. To see an object ot subject not distinctly manifeet 126 Synonyms and Antonyms. Stn. Discern. Recognize. Discover. Distinguish. Espy. Detect. Observe. Marl£. Ant. Miss. Overlook, Misobaerve. Desbcratb, v. tr. De and sacer, sacred. To violate the Banctity of a thing or place, or to put it to an Tinworthy use. SrN. Profane. Secularize. Misuse. Abuse. Prostitute. Pollute. Ant. Use. Employ. Devote. Dedicate. Consecrate. Solemnize. Sanctify. Purify. Reconcile. Dbsbet, n. Deserere. To dis- connect, i. e. abandon ; hence the noun, a place abandoned. Sra. wild. Waste. Wilderness. Soli- tude. Void. Aht. Inclosure. Field. Pasture. Gar- den. Oasis. Desekt, V. tr. See noun and Abandon. Deserter, n. See Desert. One who forsakes a person or a cause, dereliction of duty being im- plied. Stn. Renegade. Runaway. Recanter. Abjurer. Apostate. Traitor. Forsaker. Ant. Adherent. Supporter. Ally. Be- friender. Disciple. Bigot Slave. Dbsbevb, V. tr. De and servire, to serve. To earn by service, or, generally, to merit. SrN. Merit. Earn. Justify". Win. Ant. Forfeit. Misdeserve. Lose. Desiderate, v. tr. Desiderium. Desire of the lost or absent. Sometimes used vaguely for de- sire, as a matter, not of passion, but requirement. Stn. Desire. Want. Need. Require. Ant. Disregard. Forget. Supersede. Discard. Dbsideeatum, n. See De- siderate. Stn. Requisite. Complement. Essen- tial. Want. Ant. , Surplusage. Superfluity. Incum- briince. Drawback. Design, v. tr. De and signare, to mark out. To mark out a plan of mental or physical con- BtructioE or proceeding. Stn. Contemplate Purpoft Intend Plan. Prepare. Project. Ant. Hit. Risk. Guess. Conjecture. Chance. Fluke. Misconceive. Miscon- trive. Design, n. See verb. Is used in the senses of the verb, and also in the degenerate sense of artifice and cunning; that is, design unworthily employed. Stn. Contemplation. Purpose. Inten- tion. Plan. Preparation. Draft. Deline- ation. Sketch. Drawing. Artifice. Cun- ning. Artfulness. Guile. Contrivance. Ant. Execution. Performance. Result Issue. Construction. Structure. Candour, Fairness. Openness. Artlessnesa, Sincerity. Simplicity. Chance. Accident. Designate. De and signum, a mark or sign ; signare, to draw a line. To attribute a descriptive name. See Denominate. Designation, n. See Desig- nate. Designed, part. See Design. Stn. Intended. Prepared. Purposed. Adapted. Calculated. Planned. Contrived Intentional. Ant. Fortuitous. Casual. Accidental. Miscalculated. Miscontrived. Unintended, Designing, adj. See Design and Artful. Desinence, n. Desinere. To leave off. Stn. Termination. Conclusion. Cessa- tion. Discontinuance. Cadence. Period. Finality. Ant. Origination. Initiation. Inaugu- ration. Continuance. Progression. Com- mencement. Inception. Desirable, adj. See Deside- rate. To be desired, either for itself or for some end beyond it. Stn. Expedient. Advisable. Valuable Acceptable. Proper. Judicious. Beneficial. Profitable. Good. Ant. Undesirable. Unadvisable. Inex- pedient. Objectionable. Improper. Inju- dicious. Unprofitable. Evil. Desire, n. See Desiderate. Syn. Longing. Affection. Propension. Craving. Concupiscence. Appetency. Ant. Loathing. Hate. Rcpugnanra Disgust Aversion. Ab: minatiou. HortW Desire, v. See 'louiu Synonyms and Antonyms. 127 Dbsbt. De and sistere, to ttand. To stand off from con- tmning a process, rollowed by prep. from. Srs. Cease. Stop. Discontinue. Drop. Abstain. Forbear. Akt. Continue. Proceed. Persist. Per- severe. Desolate, adj. De and solus, alone. Lonely. Said of condi- tion and localities. Stn. Bereaved. Forlorn. Forsalien. Deserted. Wild. Waste. Bare. Bleali. Lonely. Ant. Cbeered. Cheerful. Consoled. Attended. Cultivated. Sheltered. Fertile. Luxuriant Animated. Lively. Gay. Frequented. Desolate, v. See adjective. Stn. Waste. Spoil. Sack. Plunder. Pillage. Bavage. Devastate. Ant. People. Colonize. Plant. De- velope. Fertilize. Cultivate. Enrich. En- liven. Desolation, n. See Desolate, verb. Dbspaik, n. Despera/re, sperare, to hope ; spes, hope. Stn. Hopelessness. Despondency. Des- peration. Ant. Hopefulness. Elation. Confidence. Sanguineness. Expectation. Anticipation. Hilarity. Despair, v. See noun. Fol- lowed by prep. of. Stn, Despond. Faint. Ant. Hope. Trust. Confide. Rely. Presume. Rally. Dbspekatb, adj. See Despair. Showing in action the condition of despair, or, analogously, wild, as if desperate. Also used of the aspects of affairs. Stn. Wild. Daring. Audacious. De- termined. Reclcless. Abandoned. Hope- less. Inextricable. Irremediable. Ant. Cool. Calm. Cautious. Timid. Shy. In'esolute. Remediable. Hopeful. Promising. Propitious. Dbspicablk, adj. Despicari. A form of despicere, to look down upon. Snr Sec Contemptible. Despise, «.arts in enumera- tive statement. Sin. Particularize. Enumerate. Indi- vldualize. Sift. Analyze. Specify. Ant. Generalize. Condense. Conglome- rate. Gather. Sketch. Suggest. Abstract Classify. Amalgamate. DbtatLj n. See verb. Stn. Element. Component. Particular. Specialty. Point, Ant. Account. Statement Recital Totality. Representation. Detain, v. tr. Detinere. To hold back. Stn. Stay. Keep. Stop. Arrest. Em- bargo. Ant. Liberate. Expedite. Accelerate. Dismiss. I.oose. Disembargo. Detect, v. tr. De and tegere, to cover. To uncover that which has been concealed. Sth. Discover. Descry. Unmask. Ex- pose. Ant. Miss. Lose. Misobserve. Ignoiv Connive. Detention, n. See Detain. Deter, v, tr. De and terreo, J frighten. To warn by ttie decla- ration or the suspicion of ill con- sequences. Stn. Warn. Stop. Dissuade. Disin- cline. Indispose. Dispirit. Discourage Dishearten. Terrify. Scare. Ant. Encourage. Incite. Provoke. Move. Allure. Prompt. Tempt. Seduce. Persuade. Deteeqb, Detergent. See Absterge. Deteriorate, v. tr. Deterior, worse. To make or grow worse. See Ameliorate. Determinate, ad/. De and terminus, a limit. Having the limits well defined. See Definite. Determination, «. See De- termme. Definition, and Decision. expresses that quality of mind and character which, having first dehneated a course of c^duct Conservative. Reparatory. Pre- Sub- Desuetudo, de iSynonyms and Antonyms. 129 and aim, resolutely strives to realize it. 1)etebmine, v. tr. and int. See Determinate, Define, Decide. Dbtbbsion. See Deterge. Detest, v. tr. De and testis, a witness. To call, as it were, witnesses, before whom to make an expression of abjuration. Generally, to hate. See Abomi- nate. Detestable, adj. See Detest and Abominable. Dethbone, v. tr. De and thronus (fipovoi), a throne. Syn. Depose. Uncrown. Ant. Crown. Anoint. Enthrone. Detheonement, n. See De- throne. Detonate, v. int. De and tonitus, thunder. To go off with a sharp report. Syn. Explode. Pop. Akt. Smoulder. Hang. Puff. Detoetion, «. De and tor- quere, tortus, to twist hack or down. To turn from the original meaning. To twist out of right shape generally, as Distortion is with a specific object. Syh. Wresting. Violation. Twisting. Distortion. Perversion. Decurvity. De- vexity. Recurvation. Ant. Direction. Aim, Eectilinearlty. Rectification. Dbtbact, V. tr. Detrahere, tractus. To take or draw away. In usage, applied to value and reputation. Used with the prejo. from. Syn. Lessen. Deteriorate. Depreciate, Diminish. Ant. Augment. Enhance. Eaise. In- crea»e. Detbaotion, n. See Detract and Detriment. Used peculiarly of derogation from the social value of character. Stk. Dimirutlon. Deterlon.tion. De- preciation. Slander. Backbiting. Demga- tiun. Ant. Augmentation. Improvement Enhancement. Eulogy. Compliment Flattery. Dktbaotoe, n. See Detrac- tion. Sxlf. Slanderer. Cynic. Backbiter. Ant. Flatterer. Sycophant. Eulogist.- Dbteimbnt, u. Detrimentum, terere, to rub or wear. The wear- iag off or away of a substance, so as to diminish its value or use- fulness. Syn, Loss. Harm. Hurt. Injury. De- terioration. Impairment. Ant. Enhancement. Improvement. Remedy. Reinstatement. Repair. Aug- mentation. Detelmkntal, adj. See De- triment. Syn. Injurious. Hurtful. Pernicious. Ant. Beneficial. Profitable. Augmen- tative. Deteude, V. tr: De and trn- dere, to thrust. To throw do^vn. See Dash. Deteunoation, n. De and truncus, the trunk or body. The separation, from the main body of the limbs or branches. Syn. Lopping. Disramification. Pollard- ing. Dismemberment. Discorporation. Amputation. Stripping. Ant. Training. Trailing. Grafting, Inoculation. Luxuriance. Devastate, v. tr. De and vastus, vast. Conn, with Eng. Waste. To lay a place waste. See Despoil. Developb, v. tr. De and vo- luptas (doubtful). To envelope being to make comfortable by wrapping. Used of unfolding a thing, and also of unfolding one thing out of another, envelope representing the contrary pro- cess. Syn. Educe. Enucleate. Eliminate LuuQciale. Amplify. Expand. Enlarga. B 130 Synonyms and Antonyms. AST. Envelope. Wrap. Obscure. Mys- tify. Conceal. Narrow. Restrict. (k)n- kract. Condense. Compress. Involve. Development, n. See De- velope. Dbvkxity, n. De and vehere, vexus, to carry. See Detortion. Deviate, v. int. De and via, a road. To strike off from a road or line of thought or speecli. SrN. Digress. Wander. Depart. IXvari- rate. Diverge. AnT. Continue. Advance. Deviob,«. l.i.divisare,boT!idir- videre, tn divide. First, a divided, coloured, peculiar, or personal badge or cognizance; thence a private scheme or mode of action, implying privacy to the extent of secretiveuess. For the latter, deviser (videre). Stk. Artifice. Expedient. Contrivance. Cognizance. Ant. Fair-dealing. Openness. Miscon- trivance. Aljortion, Fortune. Luck. Hazard. Hit. Incognito. Devilish, adj. Aid^oXos, the devil or accuser. See Angelic. Devious, adj. De and via, a road. Wanting in the directness and plaumess of a road. Stn. Tortuous. Circuitous. Untracked. Trackless. Pathless. Ambagious. Kound- about. Distorted. Ant. Direct. Plain. Trodden. Fre- quented. Straightforward. Devise, v. tr. See Device. Syn. Contrive. Plan. Manage. Ma- noeuvre. Concoct. Ant. Mtscontrive. Mismanage. Devoid, adj. A stronger form of Void, which is connected vidth viduum,empty or deserted. Hence, widow. Sth. Void." Wanting, Destitute. Un- endowed. Unprovided. Ant. Furnished. Supplied. Replete. Provided. Gifted. Devolve, v. act. and neut. De and vdvere, to roll. To accrue or come to another in the way of office or duty, usually in the ab- sence or failure of another. Fol- lowed by the prep. upon. Sth. Impose. Place. Charge. Com- mission. Depute. Accrue. Attach. Be- fall. Fall. Ant. Deprive. Withhold. BecaL Can- cel. Alienate. Miss. Pretermit. Pass. Lapse. Skip. Devote, v. tr. De and votum, a vow. To dedicate by vow. More generally, in a weaker sense, to assign. See Dedicate. Devoted, adj. See Devote. Used in the sense of self-devoted. Stn. Attached. Fond. Absorbed. De- dicated. Given. Abandoned. Ant. A.lienated. Estranged. Averse. Devotion, n. See Devote. It has the sense of strong attach- ment generally, and reUgious attachment in particular. Stn. Piety. Devoutness. Religiousnesa. Dedication. Self-abandonment. Self-sur- render. Self-sacrifice. Love. Attachment. Ant. Impiety. Profanity. Selfishness. Aversion. Alienation. Antipathy. Indif- ference. Apathy. Devotte, V. tr. Devorare. Stn. Eat. Consume. Swallow. Gorge. Gobble. Bolt. Absorb. Ant. Disgorge. Vomit. Devout, adj. See Devotion. Dbvoutlbss, adj. See Ant. to Devotion. Dexterous, adj. Dexter, the right hand. Skilful in manual things. See Awkward. Diabolical, adj. See Devilish. Diadem, n. AidSrifia. An ornament ' bound round ' the head as a symbol of imperial, priacely, or noble rank, or as an ornament of beauty. Sis. Crown. Coronet. Coronal Chaplet. Wrrath. Fillet. Tiara. Circlet AST. Liberty-cap. Fool's-c-ap. Daisy- chain. Diagnostic. AiasniyivuxTKetv, to know. Sometlung whereby Synonyms and Antonyms. 13! we kuow or distinguish a case, especially in cases of disease. Sth. Symptom. Indication. Feature. Sign. Cue. Amt. Development. Crisis. Formation. Gonsununation. Head. Deception. Illusion MisindicatloQ. Dialect. AioKeyetv, to sjoeak or converse. It is better to use Dialect in the sense of distinctive and local speech. Stn. Provincialism. Accent. Idiom. Ant. Tongue. Language. Speech. DiALBCTiO, adj. See Dialect. Belonging to the dialectical science or rhetoric. Stk. Rhetorical. Logical Argumenta- tive. Amt. Conversational. Colloquial. Oftn- monplace. Dialogue, n. See Dialect. Conversation confined to two persons, or also general. Stw. Tgte-^-Tete. Conversation. Dis- course. Colloquy. Confabulation. Amt, Monologue. Oration. Soliloquy. Apostrophe. Diaphanotts, adj. Am, through, and (jtaLveLv, to show. Said of that which the light shines through. Syk. Transparent. Translucent. Crys- talline. Pellucid. Limpid. Akt. Muddy, Opaque. Turbid. Diatribe, n. AiaTpi^eiv, to wear, waste, or spend time, es- pecially in pointless or abusive talk. The moral to be drawn from the word seems to be that men are far more eloquent in abuse than in praise, Syn. Tirade. Effusion. Yarn. In- vective. Abuse. Akt. Pith, Epigram. Point. Concinnitj, Eulogy. Panegyxic. Discussion. Disqai- sition. Treatise. Essay, Dictate, u. tr. Dictare, to pronounce for repetition, also for purposes of instruction or com- mand. SrK. Prompt. Suggest Enjoin. Com- mand. Akt, Follow. Repeat, Obey. Echo. Azifiwer. Dictation, n. See Dictate. Stk, Imperative. Imperioua DcjmU neering. Arbitrary. Akt. Condescending. Affable. Indul- gent Modest. Unassuming. Suppliant. Supplicatory. Precatory. Persuasive. In- sinuating. Dictatorial, adj\ See Dictate* Diction, n. Dicfio. Dicere, to say or speak. C3orrect style in writing and speaking. SrN. Style. Expression. Rhetoric. Gram- mar. Ant, Solecism. Provincialism. Mis- pronunciation. Didactic. Aihda-Keiv, to teach. Syn. Instructive, Directive. Moral. Akt, Unsound. Misinstructive. Er- roneous. Pernicious. Misleading. Die. Scandin. Used physi- cally and analogously of the pro- cess of tending to extinction. Syn. Expire. Depart. Perish. Decline, Languish. Wane. Hint, Fade. Decay. Cease. Ant. Begin. Originate. Rise. Live- Develope. Grow. Strengthen. Flourish. Luxuriate. Vegetate. DlETjW. Atatra. A wayof living, especially with reference to food. Hence food itself, involving, how- ever, the notion of choice or pre- scribed food. It has the tech- nical sense of parhamentary SrK. Food. Victuals. Nourishment. Nutriment. Sustenance. Fare. Cheer. Regimen. Ant. starvation. Fasting. Abstinence. Gluttony. Omnlvorousness. DiFFERBNCs;, n. Differentia. Bis and ferre, to hear, to hear off in contrariant directions. The word is used to express partial and total unlikeness or separar tion in kind and character. Stn. Separation. Destruction. Dissi milarity. Unlikeness. XHsagreement. Dis Bonance. Discord. Contrariety. Dissent, Estrangement. Variety, Ant. Community. Consociation. Con- donation. Similarity. Likeness. Agref" ment. Sympathy, Consonance. Harmony Consentaneousness. Reconciliation, Uui formity. Identity. K 2 132 Synonyms and Antonyms. DrPFEEBNTlATB, V. tr. See Difference. To erramerate the differentiae or properties where- by one thing is differenced from another of the same class. SrN. Particularize. Individualize. Dis- tinguish. IdeQtify. Verify. Specify. Se- gregate. Disseminate. Fuse. Lump. Mass. Ant. Generalize, Classify. CSinfound. Amalgamate. Confuse. Differentiation, «. See Dif- ferentiate. Difficult, adj. DifficUia. Dis a,nd faeere, to do or make. Un- manageable, or hard to put to- gether in the structure of thought, language, or operation. Syn. Hard. Intricate. Involved. Per- plexing. Enigmatical. Obscure. Un- manageable. Unamenable. Reserved. Op- posed. Ant. Easy. Plain. Straight. Simple. Lucid. Categorical. Tractable. Amenable. Unreserved. Favourable. DiFFicuLTT, n. See Difficult. Diffident, adj. Dis and fides, distrustful of one's own merits or powers. See Modest. Diffuse, rac??'. Diffundere. Dif- fusus, to pour abroad. Said of style of speech. Copious to a fault, and without energy. Syn. Discursive. Prolix. Diluted. Copious. Ant. Laconic. Epigrammatic. Terse. Condensed. Dig, v. tr. and int. Sax. See Delve. Digest, v. tr. Dis and gerere, to hear or carry. To separate carefully into portions, for pur- poses of nutrition, thought, or design. Stn. Sort. Arrange. Dispose. Order. Prepare. Assimilate. Incorporate. Con- vert. Methodise. Tabulate. Ant. Displace, Confound. Complicate. Derange. Disorder. Discompose. .EJJect. Refuse. Reject. Disturb, DiatOFl, V. tr. Dignus, wvrthy. To treat as worthy of honour oi exaltation. Stm. Aggrandize. Elevate. Invest Exalt. Advance. Promote. Honour. Ant. Degrade. Disinvest. Himilllali^ Disgrace. DiGBBSS, V. int. Dis and gra. dior, gressus, I walk. To de- viate from the line of treatment. See Deviate. DiLACERATiON. A tearing asunder. See Laceration. Dilapidation, n. DCs and lapis, u, stone. ■ The crumbling or falling of a tenement or edifice, even though it be not constructed of stone. Stn. Euin. Decay. Disintegration. Crumbling. Demolition. Dismantlement. , Ant. Solidity. Reparation. Integrity. Soundness. Construction. Fabric. Structure Dilate, v. tr. and int. Dh and latus, lyroad. To stretch into broader dimensions ; also to en- large, rhetorically, upon a jroint or subject. Sth. Stretch. Widen. Expand. Swell. Distend. Enlarge. Descant Expatiate. Ant. Narrow. Contract. Restrict. C(in- strict. Particularize. Dissect Anatomize. Concentrate. Epitomize. Condense. Dilatory, adj. Differre, di- latus. To put off. Sra. Tardy. Procrastinating. Behind- hand. Lagging. Dawdling. Ant. Quick. Prompt. Beforehand. Vigilant Eager. Alert Ardent Hasty. Precipitate. Rash. Dilemma, n. Atr and XiJ/^/ja, a lemma or thing taken. An argument equally conclusive against the opponent on either of two suppositions. Populai-ly used for difficulty. Stn. l.'ix. Hobble. Quandary. Doubt Difficulty. Scrape. Ant. E.\-trication. Rebutment Freedom Advantage. Superiority. Escape. Solution. Retort. DiLlGBNOE, n. Diligeri'ia, diligere, to love. That activitiy 01 Synonyms and Antonyms. 133 essiduity which springs from the love of work or a partiotilar task, hence industry generally. Stti". Care. Assiduity. Attention. Heed. industry. Anx. Indifference. Careleaaness. Neglect. Inattention. Heedlessness. Desultoriness. Inertness. Idleness. Dim, adj. Word of Northern origin. See Obscure. Dimension, n. Dis and metiri, to measure. Commonly used in the plural. Stn. Measurement. Size. Configura- ti:>n. Deiini ation. Ant. Mismeasurement. Segment. Dimidiate, v. tr. Dimidium, hilf. Stn. Halve. Bisect. Ant'. Unite. Integrate. Diminish, v. tr. Diminuere, minus. To lessen in size or quantity. Syn. Lessen. Reduce. Contract. Cur- tail. Eetrencli. Ant. Increase, Enlarge. Expand. Ex- tend. Amplify. Magnify. Diminutive, adj. See Diminish and Small. Dimness, n. See Dim and Obscure. Din, n. Iceland, dyn, thunder. Noise, harsh, confused, and con- tinnous. SzN. Racket. Clamour. Rattle. Re- sonance. Clangour. Reverberation. AST. Crash. Report. Burst. Explosion. Pop. Bang. Dingy, adj. AlKed to Dim and Dun. Stn. Dull. Dusky. Rusty, Dim. Colourless. Obscure. Dead. Sombre. Ant. Bright. Burnished. Glossy. High- coloured. Radiant. Luminous. Gleaming. Lustrous. Dint, n. Saxon, dynt, a stroke. Stn. Agency. Instrumentality. Force. Power. Efficacy. Ant. Weakness. Inoperativeness. In- efficacy. tjselesaneas. Helplessnese. Op- position. Counterforce. I)lS,v.tr. Gothic. /See Immerse. Dip, r>. The angle of declina- tion below the horizon or any given level. Stm. Declination. Depres.sion. Devexity. Slope. AsT. Elevation. Ascent. Acclivity Gradient. DiPLOMAOY, n. Diploma, cre- dentials, SotXoOs, double or folded letters of trust, as distinct from letters patent. The science of international communication. It has degenerated into a lower meaning, representing the arts of diplomacy as merely pruden- tial. Stn. Embassage. Ministry. Ambassa- dorship. Representation. Tact. Contri- vance. Management. Negotiation. Out- witting. CircuraventioD, Ant. Cancel. Recal. Conge. Miscon- trivance. Mismanagement. Mal-admini- stration. Over-vaulting. Self-entanglement. Self-defeat. Self-stultiiicatlon. Diplomatic, adj. See Diplo- macy. S¥3f. Judicious. Knowing. Wise. Pru- dent. Well-managed. Well-contrived. Well-planned. Well-conceived. Sagacious. Ant. Injudicious. Bungling. Stultify- ing. Ill-managed. Undiplomatic. DntE, adj. Dints. See Dread- ful. Direct, v. Dirigere, directus. To rule so as to keep or send on a given line of conduct or duty. Sue Guide, Command, Instruct. Direct, adj. See verb and Straight. Direction, n. See Direct, v. Stn. Course. Tendency. Inclination Line. Control. Command. Beai-ing. Ant, Misdirection. Deviation. Miscon- trol. Misinstruction. Aberration. DiEKOTLT, adv., of motion and time. Stn. Straightly. Straightway. Imme diaLely, Undeviatingly, Ant, Indirectly. By-and-by. Inter veniently. DiBBCTOB, n. See Direct. Used 134 Synonyms and Antonyms. in the technical sense of a com- mercial director. Syn. Ruler. Controller. Manager. Master, Leader. Guide. Ant. Body. Company. Institution. Concern. Subordinate. Follower. DiBGH, «. A funereal hymn. Said to be from the first word of a Latin psalm, 'Dirige gressus meos,' • Direct my steps.' It may haye been some forgotten hymn. Stn. Bequiem. Lament. Threnody. Elegy. Wake. Coronach. Ant. Anthem. Te Deum. Jubilate. Dirt. Iceland, drit. Used also metaphorically. Syn. Foulness. Dung. Filth. Unclean- ness. Meanness, Sordidnesjs. Ant. Cleaimess. Purity. Ablution. In- tegrity. Dirty, adj. See Dirt. Disability, n. The depriva- tion of abiliiy (which see), as inability is simply the want of it. Syn. Disqualification. Impotency. tln- fltness. Incapacity. Forfeiture. Ant. QuaUfication. Recommendation. Fitness. Deserving. Merit. Disabled, adj. See Disability. Disabuse, v. tr. Dis and abuti, to abuse. To rescue a man's mind from that false use of things which comes from false views of them. Stn. Undeceive. Inform. Correct. En- lighten. Rectify. Ant. Deceive. Mislead. Pr^udice. Pre- possess. Hoodwink. Inveigle, Stultify. Bamboozle. Disadvantage, n. See Ad- vantage. DiSAPFEOTiON, n. See Affec- tion. DiBAGBEEABLB, adj. See Agree- able. DlBAGREKMENT, yj. See Quar- rel. Disallow, v. tr. Se-? Allow. Disannul, v. tr. A stronger fona of Annul. Disappear, v. int. See Vanish. Disappoint, v. tr. See Ap- point. To cause one to fail of reaching the point at issue, or the point of expectation. 'This may be done purposely or indi- rectly. Expectations themselves and plans are said to be disap- pointed. Stw. Betray. Deceive. Frustrate. BafBe. Delude. Vex. Mortify. Ant. Realize. Justify. Verify. Fulfil Encourage. Satisfy. Gratify. Disapprobation, n. See Ap- probation, Disarm, v. tr. See Arm. Disarrange, v. tr. See Ar- range. Disarray, v. tr. See Array. Disaster, «.. Dis and astrum, a star. A misfortune, as of the baleful influence of an evil star. See Calamity, from which it differs, as being more imme- diately connected with man's agency. Disavow, v. tr. See Avow and Acknowledge. Disband, v. tr. See Muster. Disbelief, n. See BeMef. Disburden, v. tr. See Bur- den and Load. Disburse, v. tr. Dis and bursa, a purse. See Expend. Discard, v. tr. Dis and carta, a playing card. To throw out of the hand as useless, -See Aban- don. Discern, v. tr. Discemere, to discern. To see, generally, and, particularly, to see distinctions, Stk. Descry. Observe. Recognize Sea Discriminate. Differentiate. Separate. Per- ceive. AST. Overlook. Confound. MiitUscera Synonyms and Antonyms, 135 DisoEKNiBLK, adj. See Dis- cern. Syh. Visible, Conspicuous, Manifest, Palpable, Ant, Invisible, Inconspicuous, Obscure, ludiscemible. Impalpable, Microscopic, Sdinute. Discernment, n. See Discern. Is used of the moral, not of the physical faculty. iSnf. Discrimination. Farsightedness. Clearsightedness. Penetration. Observap tion. Sagacity. Ant. Heedlessness. Blindness. Inob- lervauce. Shortsightedness. Dulness. ftensity. Hebetude. DisoHABGB, V. tr. See Charge. Stn. Liberate, Empty, Dismiss, Ajjt. Confine. Charge. Detain. Disciple. Discere, to learn. Stn, Follower. Student. Believer. Votary. Aut. Master. Teacher. Leader. Pro- fessor. DisciPLiNAEiAN, n. See Dis- ciple and Discipline. Stn. Martinet. Tight hand. Ant, Sloven, Kingdog, DiscrPLiNB, n. See Disciple. The strict state of a disciple, and the personal coercion to which he is subject. Syn. Order. Strictness. Training. Co- ercion. Punishment. Organization. Ant. Disorder. Confusion. Rebellion. Mutiny. Encouragement. Reward, Dis- organization, Disclaim, v. tr. See Claim. Disclose, v. tr. Disdudere, disclusus, daudere, to shut. Stn. Discover. Reveal. Confess. De- tect Ant. Cover. ConceaL Lock. Suppress. DiSCOLOUE, V. tr. Color, colour. Syn. Daub, stain. Taint. Disfigure. Ant. Paint. Colour. Embellish. Tint Decorate, Illuminate. Discomfit, v. tr. Disconflcere. To upset or disconcert a plan, or those who had made it or put it together. See Disconcert. DisooMFiTUKB, n. See Dis- comfit. DlscoMPOBT, n. Set Comfort. Stn. Disquiet, Vexation, Annoyance Trouble. Unpleasantness. . Jisagreeable- ness. Ant. Comfort. Ease. Pleasantness. Discommendation, n. See Commendation. Discompose, v. tr. Dis and componere, to put together. See Derange. Disconcert. Ft. concert, agreement, or harmony of parts or faculties. So, to disconcert is to throw into confusion a per- son's faculties, or the details of his plan. Stn. Abash. Confuse. Confound. Upset. Baffle, Derange. Discompose. Frustrate Discomfit. Ant. Encourage. Rally. Countenance Aid. Concert. Concoct. Arrange. Order Prepare. Scheme. Contrive. Hatch. De- sign. Disconcerted, adj. See Dis- concert. Disconpoemity, n. See Con- formity. DlsooNGECiTY, n. See Con- gruous. Disconnect, Disconnected, Disconnection. See Connection. Disconsolate, adj. See Con- sole and Forlorn. Stn. Sad. Forlorn. Melancholy. Un- happy. Desolate. Woful. Ant. Joyous. Cheerful, Merry, Hiippy, Gay, Jovial. Gladsome. Blithe. Discontent, n. See Content. Discontented, adj. See Con- tented. Discontinuance, n. See Con- tinuance. Discontinuity, n. See Con- tinuation. Discord, n. See Concord. DiscoRrANCK, n. See Accor(i 16 Synonyms and Antonyms. DiSCOUNTENAN 311, V. tr. See Countenance. DiSENTHKONE, V. tr. See En- throne. DisoouEAGE, V. sr. See En- courage. DiscouEAGBMBNT, n. See En- courage. Discourse, n. Discursus, currere, to run. The running from point to point of conversa- tion or argument, either ad libi- tum or under rule. Conversa- tion or reasoning. See Conver- sation. DisoouETEST. See Courtesy. Discover, v. tr. De couvrir, dis cooperire. To open so as to reveal. It is used actively both of persons and things. Syn. Find. Invent. Descry. Detect. Betray. Indicate. Manifest. Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Repress. Miss. Lose. Overlook. Mask. Cover. Screen. DisoKEDiT, n. See Credit. DisoEBDiTABLB, odj. See Dis- reputable. Discreet, adj. See Discern. One who by tact discerns the right from the wrong and the prudent from the imprudent. Syn. Discerning. Wise. Prudent. Re- gulative. Sensible. Judicious. Ant. Undiscernlng. Blind. Foolish. Imprudent. Indiscreet. Unrestrained. Reckless. Injudicious. Silly. DisoEEPANOT, n. Dis and crepare, to sound. To sound out of tune with something else. Syn. Dissonance. Disharmony. Discord, Contrariety. Disagreement. Ant. Consonance. Harmony. Accord- iince. Agreement. Correspondence. Discretion, n. See Discreet. DiscEBTio^AL, adj. See Dis- creet. .Syn. Optional Ant. (.lompulsory Obligatory. DisoEiMiNATiON, «. Discj imeji, a difference. The faculty of dis- tinguishing difference, with a view to practical knowledge, as Discretion turns upon such matters as involve questions of personal interest and conduct. Sxir. Penetration. Sagacity. Acuteness. Nicety. Shrewdness. Discernment. Ant. Dulness. Confusedness. Indife- criminateness. Shortsightedness. Hebetuda Indiscernment. DiscuEsrvB, adj. See Dis- course. Having a tendency to run away from the line of argu- ment. See Consecutive. Discuss, v. tr. Biscutere, di.s- cussus. To shake apart the elo- ments of a thing, so as to sift and investigate them. Syw. Debate. Argue. Sift. Ant. Mystify. Confound. Obscure. Disdain, n. Dis and dignns, worthy. A feeling of another's unworthiness in comparison with one's self. Syn. Contempt. Scorn. Supercilious- ness. Ant. Respect. Reverence. Admiration. Respectfulness. Cousiderateness. Humility. Disdain, v. tr. See ncmn. Disdainful, adj. Sec Disdain. Disease, n. Dis and aise, glad, easy. Syn. Complaint. Ailment. Malady. Sickn&ss. Ant. Health. Convalescence. Sanity. Salubrity. Disembody, v. tr. See Em- body. Disenable, v. tr. See Enable. Disenchant, v. tr. See En- chant. Disencumber, v. tr. See En- cumber. Disengage, v. tr. See Engage. Disentangle, v. tr. See Eii- tangle. Synonyms and Antonyms, adj. See En- DlSKN TITLED, title. DiSBSTBEM, n. See Esteem. DiSFAVOtm, n. See PaYOur. DiBriGUEE, V. tr. Dis and figtira, shape or figure. See Adorn. DiSFKANOHiSE, V. tr. See En- franchise. DiSGOBGE, V. tr. See Gorge. DiSGBACB, V. tr. See Dishonour. DiSGBACB, n. See verb. Disguise, n. See Guise. Disguised, adj. See Guise. Disgust, n. Bis and gustare, to taste. A consciousness of con- trariety to one's taste. It is used of moral things rather than phy- sical. Stn. Xansea. Loathing. Abomination. Aversion. Ant. Desire. Liking, Partiality. Pre- dilection. Relish. Fondness. Longing. Ayidity. Dishearten, v. tr. The Eng- lish form of the French deriva- tive discourage. See Encourage. Dishevel, v. tr. Pr. cheveux, hair, Lat. capillus. To entangle the hair. Stn. Disorder. Entangle. Disarrange. Ant. Tire. Dress. Plait, Bind. Weave, Braid. Dishonest, adj. See Honest. DiSHONOUK, n. See Honour. DiSHONOUE, V. See noun. DiSHONOUEABLB, odj. See Honourable. Disincline, CLINED, Disinfect, v. tr.. Disinfect- ant, n. See Infect. Disingenuous, adj. See In- genuous. V. tr., DlsiN- See Incline. 137 See In- DlSINHEKIT, V. tr. herit and Disown. Disintbgeate, v. tr. See In- tegrate. Disinter, v. tr. See Inter. DisiNTBEESTED, adj. See In- terested and Selfish. Disenthral, v. tr. See En- thral. Disjoin, v.. Disjointed, adj. See Join and Desultory. Dislike, v. tr. See Like. Dislocate, v. tr. See Locate. Dislodge, v. tr. See Lodge, Disloyal, adj. See Loyal. Dismal, ad.f. Originally a noun. 'The dismal,' from the Lat. dies malus, evil day. TJucert. Dreary. Ominous, Foreboding. Cheerless, Gloomy, " " " Stn. Lonesome. Sad. De- Lugubrions, Funereal, Tragic &ank. Ant, Gay. Propitious, Promising, Cheerful, Lively, Elated, Joyous, Laughable, Ridiculous. Comic. Dismantle, v. tr. To deprive of the cloak. Thence, generally, of customary furniture, orna- ments, or accompaniments. The name mantle is derived from Mantua, as millinery from Milan, and perpetuates the memory of the towns of North Italy, as at one time famous for their fabrics. Stn. Disrobe, Divest. Denude. De- spoil. Disarm. Strip. Ant. Robe. Invest. Drape. Adorn. Arrange. Jiquip. Endue. Dismay, v. tr. Goth, magan, to he strong. Comp. Might and Mighty. To disable by fear. Stn. Affright. Astonish. Appal. Terrify. Disliearten. Daunt, Ant, Encourage. Rally. Inspirit. As- sure. Allure. Dismay, n. See verb. DisMEMBKR, V. tr. MemhurTif 138 Synonyms and Antonyms. SiH. Disperse. Scatter. Drive away. Dismiss. Ant. Collect. Eecal. Summon. Con- vene. Congregate. Conglomerate. Mass. Accumulate. Dispensation, n. See Dis- pense. A paying out or distri- bution. Applied to the ways and dealings of Providence with the world. It is used of signal stages of the world's religious history, and of the history of in- dividuals. It is also used of granting hcence of exemption, and of foregoing, when followed by with. Stw. Economy. Dealing. Revelation. Distribution. Arrangement. Visitation. Exemption. Immunity. Privilege. Aban- donment. - Dismissal. Disuse. Indulgence. Amt. Reservation. Injunction Prohi- bition. Enforcement Retention. Restriction. Dispeople, v. tr. See People. Disperse, v. act. and neut. Disperyere, spargere, sparsus. To scatter. Stn. Dispel. Scatter. Disseminate. Se- parate. Break up. Spread abroad. Ant. Collect. Summon. Recal. Gather. Concentrate. Meet. Dispirit, v. tr. Dis and spi- ritus, the spirit, from spirare, to breathe. See Encourage. Displace, v. tr. See Place. Displant, v. tr. See Plant. Display, v. tr. Displicare. To unfold. Stk. Show. Exhibit. Untold. Eii- ; dencc. Evince. Flaunt. Vaunt. Expo^e. AuT. Hide. Conceal. Dissemble. Siuui- j late. Suppress. Wrap. Cloke. I Displease, Displeased, Dis- i PLEASURE. See Please and Plea- i sure. a limh. To separate one or more limbs or portions from the trunk or body. The body may be a physical or social body. Stn. Disintegrate. Disincorporate. I>v truncate. Aht. Integrate. Incorporate. Organize. Reorganize. Engraft. Dismiss, v. tr. Bis and mittere, missus, to send: Stn. Sanisb. Discard. Abandon. Ant. Retain. Detain. Keep. Main- tain. Dismount, v. int. Fr. monter, to rise. Prom mons, mountain. Stn. Alight. Descend. Ant. Mount. Start DisoBET, V. tr. See Obey. Disoblige, Disobliged, Dis- obliging. See Oblige. Disorder, n. See Order. Disorderly, adj. See Or- derly. Disorganize, v. tr. See Or- ganize. Disown, v. tr. See Own. Disparage, v. tr. Dis and par, equal. Comp. Eng. Peer. To dishonour by comparison with an inferior; hence, to de- preciate. Stn. Depreciate. Decry. Underesti- mate. Ant. Extol. Laud. Panegyrize. Over- estimate. Exaggerate. Disparate, adj. See Dis- parage. Stn. Unequal. Different Ill-assorted. Ill-matched. Ant. Equal. Co-ordiuate, Well-assorted. Well-matched. DispABSioN, n. See Passion, Dispatch, v. Dispingere. in,, c< i-. x Stn. Expedite. Send. Accelerate. ! -UISPOKT, V. bee bport. £Ttosenfe''oTKli)°°°°"""'- ^'"^ "^ | . DISPOSE, f. fr. Disponere, po- Am. Retard Detain. Obstruct. Im- ! ^itus. To place about in order. pods- j See Arrange and Incline. DispsL, JJ. «r. Dis and peliere, Disposition, m. See Dispose, to drive, \ Arrange, md Character. Synonyms and Antonyms. 139 DisrossESS, a. tr. See Possess. Dispraise, n. See Praise. DisPBEAD, adj. See Spread. DiSPEiZE, V. tr. See Prize. Disprove, v., Disproof, n. See Prove and Proof. Disproportion, n. See Pro- portion. Disputant, n. Dispufare, to dispute. Stn. Litigant. Competitor. Claimant. Abt. Partner, Auxiliary. Advocate. Disputatious, adj. See Dis- putant. Stn. Litigious. Argumentative. Can- tankerous. Quarrelsome. Querulous. Ant. Conciliatory. Unquarrelsome. In- querulous. Dispute, v. tr. and int. See Disputant. Syn. Argue. Question. Canvass. Con- test. Contend. Challenge. AST. Waive. Concede. Allow. Forego. Disqualify, v. tr. See Qualify. Disquiet, n. See Quiet. Disquietude, n. See Quiet. Stn. Anxiety. Solicitude. Uneasiness. Embarrassment. Apprehension. Agitation. Disturbance. Commotion. Dissatisfaction. Akt, Peace. Pacification. Assurance. Calmness. Confidence. Contentment. Ac- quiescence. Disquisition, n. Disquirere. A sifting examination of a sub- ject in words. Stk. Essay. Treatise. Discussion. Dis- sertation. Ant. Etfusion. Tirade. Diatribe. Rho- domontade. Blarney. Disregard, n. See Eegard. Disrelish, n. See Eelish. Disreputable, adj., Diskb- pute, n. See Beputable. Disrespect, n. See Eespect. Disrobe, v. tr. See Dis- mantle. Disruption, n. Disrumpere, ruptm. A breaking up. Sth. Disintegration, Discord. Separa- tion. Alienation. Hostility, Ant, Union, Amalgamation, Recon- ciliation. Dissatisfaction, n. See Satis- faction. Dissect, v. tr. Bissecare, part, sectus. Comp. Section. To cut up into pieces, Tvith the implied object of investigation. Stn. Anatomize. Scrutinize. Investi- gate. Ant. Grasp. Comprehend. Slur. Skim. Unite. Integrate. Organize. Compound, Collocate, Conjoin. Confound. Dissemble, v. tr. Bissimulare. To conceal, as Simulate is to as- sume a character or feelings. SrN. Disgmse. Conceal. Repress. Smother. Restrain. Cloke. Ant. Exhibit, Manifest. Protrude. Vaunt. Pretend. Simulate. Feign. As- sume. Expose, Profess, Proclaim, Dissembler, n. See Dis- semble. Syn. Feigner. Hypocrite. Disguiser. Suppressor. Concealer. AST. Exhibitor, Vaunter. Pretender. Simulator. Disseminate, v. tr. Bis and semen, seed. To throw about like seed, in order that it may take root. Sth, Spread, Propagate, Preach. Pro- claim. Publish. Promulgate. Aht. Repress. Suppress. Stifle. Dis- countenance. Extirpate. Eradicate. Dissent, v. int. See Assent and Consent. Dissent, n. See verb. Dissertation, n. Bis and serere, to weave, sertum, a wreath. A woven, that is, carefully pre- pared discourse on a given sub- ject. See Disquisition. Disservice, n. See Service. Dissever, v. tr. See Sever. DissiDENCE, ». Bissidfre. To sit apart or differ. See Agree. 140 Synonyms and Antonyms. DissiLiENCE, n. Bis and sahre, to leap. A tendency to jump apart, from physical or moral repugnance. Stn, Avoidance. Hepulsiou. AverBion. Dislike. Interrepugnance. Antipathy. Ant. Approach. Attraction. Appetency. Desire. Affection. Sympathy. Interest. DissBHiLAE, adj. See Similar. DissiMrLiTTJDB, ». See Simili- tude. DlSsntULATK, V. tr. See Dis- fiemble. LlssiPATE, V. tr. Dissipare, from an obsolete verb, sipare, or siipare, to throw. To throw about. Syh. Scatter. Squander. Ant. Collect, Hoard. iJissociAL, adj. See Social. DissooiATB, V. tr., Dissocia- tion, 11. See Associate and Sever. Dissolute, adj. Sdutus. Loosed from restraint. Stn Abandoned. Profligate, Loose. Licentious. Ant. Upright. Conscientious, Strict. Self-controlled, Correct. DiSBOHTTENBSS, n. See Disso- lute. Dissolution, n. See Dissolute, The natural decay and decom- position of bodies. See Decom- position, Dissolve, v. tr. Dissolvere. To melt. See Melt and Consoli- date, Dissonance, n. Dis and sonus, a sound. See Consonance, Dissuade, v. tr. See Persuade, Distance, n. Diitantia, dis- tort, to stand apart. Stn, Interval. Removal. Separation. Interspace, Remoteness. Absence. Ant. Proximity. Nearness. Ai^acency. t\>ntiguity. Neigbbourhood. Propinquity, Loutuct. Fresence. Distant, adj. See Distance. Stn. Far. Remote. Aiaof. Apart Asunder. Ant. Close. Near. Adjacent. Cor- tiguous. Distaste, n. See Taste. Distasteful, adj. See Taste, Distemper, n. Dis and te-m- perare, to moderate. An ine- gular or disordered state of body. It has also the peculiar meaning of fresco colouring. SzTT. Disorder. Disease. Ailment. Akt. Health. Sanity. Vigour. Conva- lescence. Distend, v. tr. Distendere. To stretch. See Dilate. Distil, v. tr. and int. Dis- tillare, stilla, a drop. Syn. Drop. Emanate. Drip. |Percolate, Ant. Absorb. Condense. Retain. Suck, Hold, Distinct, adj. See Distin- guish. Syh, Separate, Independent Uncon- nected. Detached. Di^oined. Clear. Con- spicuous. Plain. Perspicuous. • Ant. United. Consolidated. Conjoined, One. Obscure. Dim. Confused. Indistinct. Distinction, n. See Distin- guish. Stn. Difference. Separation. Dignity. Eminence. Ant. Unity. Identity. Debasement. InsigDiUcance. Degradation. Distinctness, n. See Distin- guish. Stn. Clearness. Plainness. Conspicnous- ness. Perspicuity. Akt. Confusion. Indistinctness. Hazi- ness. Distinguish, v. tr. Distiu- guere, stinctus, to distinguish. Stn. Discern. Descry. Discover. Sepa- rate. Divide. Dissimilate. Differentiate. Ant. Miss. Overlook. Confound. Con- fuse. Distingdishablb, adj. See Distinguish. Distoetion, n. Bistorguere, distortus. To twist out of shapa See Detortion and Perversion. Synonyms and Antonyms. 141 DiSTEAOT, V. tr. Distrahere, tractus. To draw in different directions. Commonly used metaphorically of the senses or mind. Stn. Divide. Dissipate. Dissever. Dis- concert. Discompose. Perplex. Bewilder, Convulse. Ajut. Unite. Fix, ConceDtrate. Collect. Compose. Distraction, n. See Distract. Stn. Inattention. Madness. Absence. Ant. Attention, Composure. Distress, v. tr. Distringere, To pnll or pluck different ways. Stn. Harass. Embarrass. Trouble, Grieve. Annoy. Vex. Mortify. Afflict, Worry. Ant. Soothe. Compose. Please. GratifJ'. Gladden. Console, Elate, Comfort. Distress, n. See verb. Distribute, v. tr. Distribuere^ trihutuSj to distribute. See Dis- pense. Distrust, n. See Trust. Disturb, v. tr. Disturhare, turha, a crowd. Comp. Turbu- lent. Stn. Derange. Discompose. Disorder. Confuse. Rouse. Agitate. Annoy. Trouble. Interrupt Incommode. Worry. Vex. Molest. Disquiet. Ant. Order. Collocate. Arrange. Pacifiy. Seothe, Quiet. Compose. Leave. Disunion, n. See Union. Disuse, n. See Use and De- suetude. Divarication, n. Bis and varus, hoiu-legged. Stn, Deviation. Divergence. Digres- sion. Diversion, Ant, Continuity. Rectilinearity. Di- rectness, Prolongation. Diversion, n. Dis and vertere. A turning away from a given line of movement or occupation, especially for amusement's sake. Syn. Detour. Divergence. Deviation. Recreation. Amusement. Pastime. Ant. Continuity. Directness, Pro- Mdure. Busineea. Task. "Work. Study. Labour. Avocation. Diversify, v. tr. Diversu.% different^ and/ucere, to make. Stn. Vary. Alter. Change, Modify Variegate. Ant. Conserve. Prosecute. Stabilitate, Settle. Fix. Stereotype. Crystallize. Arrest. Diversity, n. See Diversify. Stn. Difference. Dissimilarity. Varia- tion. Multiformity. Heterogeneousness Dissonance. Ant. Similarity. Identity. Uniformity Homogeneousness. Co>ordination, Coinci- dence. Consonance. Divert, v. tr. See Diversion. Stn. Alter. Change. Deflect. Alienate. Ant. Continue. Prosecute. Prolong. Produce. Restrict. Confine. DiVEBT, V. tr. Bis and vestire^ vestisj to clothe. Comp. Vest, Vestment, and Vesture. Used literally and metaphorically. Stn. Dismantle. Denude, Strip. Dis* robe. Unclothe. Disencumber. Deprive. Ant. Clothe. Robe. Invest. Shroud- Envelope. Encumber. Indue, Divide, v. tr. Bividere. To separate into two or more equal or unequal parts. Stn. Separate. Dissect. Bisect. Por- tion. Part. Divorce, Segregate. Multiply. Ant. Unite. Collocate. Classify. Con- vene. Congregate. Conglomerate. Con- glutinate. Commingle. Join. Consociate. Co-ordinate. Divination, n. Bivinus, di- vine. To foretell the future by the aid of things considered di- vine, such as auguries, &c., or to arrive at knowledge by such means. Stn. Prediction. Sorcery. Magic. Witch- craft. Augury. Omens. Ant. Instruction, Information, Study. Investigation. Learning. Division, n. See Divide. Divorce, v. tr. Divortium, from divtrtere. To tear away or alienate from a certain connec- tion or use. Otn, Separate. Disconnect. Dissever Divert. Alienate. Ant. Conjoin. Unite. Connect. Apply Reconcile. Reunite. Di'VOBCK, n. See verb. 142 Synonyms and Antonyms. Divulge, v. tr. Dis and vulgus, the people. To make matter of public knowledge. By usage employed, not as promulge, but of somethiDg -wMoli had been hitherto kept secret. Bee Con- ceal. Do, V. tr. and int. Saxon. In the sense of fare. Syk. Work. Act Enact Perform. Produce, Complete. Ant, Undo. Mar. Neglect. Omit DooilE, adj. Docilis, docere, to teach. Easily taught or per- suaded. Stn, Compliant Amenable, Tractable, Teachable. Tame, Ant, Intractable. Stubborn. Obstinate. Self-willed. Dogged. Dock. Der. uncertain. Syn. Curtail. Lop. Abbreviate. Prune. Amt. Grow. Elongate. Nourish. Pro- long. Train. Coax. DncKBD, adf. See Dock. DocTEiNAL, adj. See Doctrine. Syn. Didactic Catechetical. Theo- logical. Ant. Practical. Operative. DooTElNB, n. Doctrina, docere, to teach. Something systemati- cally held or taught as true. Syn. Tenet Article. Belief. Creed. Dogma. Teaching. Ant. Practice. Operation. Duty. Con- duct Action. Dodge, v. Possibly a form of to dog, as, to dog the steps. See BafBe. Dodge, n. See verb and Arti- fice. Doer, n. See Do. Syn. Agent Actor. Performer. Origi- nator. Perpetrator. Maker. Ant. TJndoer. Preventer. Hinderer. Baffler. Neutralizes Marrer. Dog, d. tr. From the habit of a dog to foUow. Syn. Follow. Trace. Track. Pursue. Haunt Ant. Elude. Baffle. Avoid. Escape. Shun. Dogged, ad,f. See above. Stn. obstinate. Slorose. Sullen. Ink practicable. Prejudiced. Ant, Docile. Genial. Agreeable. Con- ciliatory. Easy. Indulgent Liberal Com. plaisant Dogma. AokcIv, to seem Jit. That which has seemed fit to authorities to propound as truth. See Doctrine. Dogmatic, adj. See Dogma. Used to express not only the promulgation of doctrine or dogma, but the imperious way of doing it. Stn. DoctrinaL Theological. Imperious. Dictatorial. Self-oplnioned. Positive. Ant. Practical Active. Moderate. Modest Diffident Vacillating. Dole, v. tr. Corm. with Deal. Used sometimes of scanty dis- tribution in particular. Syw. Deal. Distribute. Dispense. Eke. Ant. Withhold. Refuse. Pour forth Lavish. Dole, n. See verb. Sin. Pittance. Alms. Charity. Ant. Profusion. Bounty. Bene&ctiou, DoLEFUii, adj. Dole, from dolere, to grieve. Syn. Dolorous. RueftiL Woebegone. Dismal. Ant. Merry. Joyful Gay. BUthe. Beaming. Dolorous, adj. See Doleful. Dolt, n. Sax. Ignoramus. Dunce Philosopher. Syn. Numskull. Dullard. Ass. Ant. Savant. Genius. Scholar. Luminary. Doltish, adj. See Dolt. Stn. StoUd. Jolterheaded. Thick- skulled. Ant. Quick. Sharp. Acute. Long- headed. Domain, «. Lat. dominio, domiiitts. Comp. Dominion. An estate of a lord of the soil. St». Estate. Lordship. Territory. In- closure. Akt. Waste. Wlldemej* Wild. DoKESTio, adj. Synonyms and Antonyms. house. Attached to home or a ho use. Syn. Domiciliary. Private. Ant. Foreign. Public, DoMKSTioATE, V. tr. See Do- mestication. DoMBSTioATiON, n. See Do- mestic. The settlement in a home; or, actively, the placing ia a home. Syn. Settlement. Colonizatioa, Locali- zation. Taming, Akt. Dlssettlement. Displacement T)1b- lodgment. FJjection. Deportation. Exile. Dispeoplement. DoMicrLB, n. Domus, a house, dcmiailium. A place of settle- ment or residence. Stv. Residence. ■ Abode. Settlement. Home. Ant. Estrangement. Migration. Home- lessness, Houselestsness. Wilderness. "Wild. World. DoMiciLiABT, adj. See Domi- cile and Domestic. DoMiNANOE, n. See Domain. Siw. Lordship. Mastery. Superiority, Preponderance. Prevalence. AnT. Inferiority. Subjection. Servi- tude. Weakness. Inprevalence. Minority. Dominant, adj. See Domi- nance. Domination, n. See Domi- nance, The manifestation of dominance, DOMINBEE, V. int. See Domi- nance. Followed by over, and referring to persons, Stn. Lord. Tyrannize. Assume. Usurp, Ant, Submit, Succumb, Defer. Yield, Bow. Patronize, Dominion, ■«. See Domain. Used for the power, exercise, and poKsession of lordship. Stn. Power. Authority. Rule. Tyranny. Despotism. Government. Control. Empire. Territory. Jurisdiction. Ant. Wealcness. Submission. Sulyuga- tion. Inferiority. Servitude. Don, v. tr. Do on. Sra. Assume. Wear. AST. Doff. Cast 143 Donation, n. Donare, to give. See Presentation and Gift. Doom, n. Prom deem, to judge. The passing of judgment. The judgment or fate that awaits one, with an implied unfavour- able or condemnatory issue. Sra. Judgment. Fate. Sentence. Ver- dict Condemnation. Ant. Liberation. Respite. Escape. Pardon. Acquittal. Approval. Dormant, adj. Dormire, to Stn. Sleeping. Slumbering. Latent Undeveloped. Quiescent Inert Am:. Vigilant Wakefai. Active. Opera- tive. Developed. Energetic. Dotage, n. Dote, written also Doat. Dutch, dutten. Syn. ImbecUlty. Senility. Fatuity Dementedness. Ant. Intelligence. Acuteness. Judg- ment Penetration, Vigour. Doubt, n. Dvhietas, dubius, duo, two. Uncertainty of judg- ment ; that is, as to the negative or afllrmative proposition. It applies both to the feeling of doubt and the matter of doubt. Stn. Dubiousness. Dubitation. Uncer- tainty. Ambiguity. DiflBculty. Indecision. a!nt. Certainty. Clearness. Precision. Determination. Decision. Conviction. Satisfaction. Doubt, v. See noun. Stn. Dubitate. Hesitate. Vacillate. Waver. Demur. Ant. Decide. Determine. Resolve. Assent Doubtful, adj. See Doubt. Doubtless, adv. See Doubt. Stn, Certainly. Clearly. Precisely. In- disputably. Ant. Perhaps. Probably. Possibly. Doughty, ad}'. Sax. dohtig. Brave or useful. Seldom now used but in burlesque. Stn. Redoubted. Redoubtable. Ant. Craven. Puny. Dowdy, adj. Prov. Eng. doiod, flat. Conn, probably witti Dead. Synonyms ana Aviony ns. 144 Syk. DulL Shabby. Common. Plain. Homely. Dlnpsy. Scrubby. Akt. Stylish. Dressy. Gay. Modiah. Gorgeous. Dandified, Tawdry. DowNTALii, n. See Fall. DowKBiGHT, adj. See Abso- lute. DowNWAKDS, a3v. Down. Sax. dune. Oomp. English Downs, undulating declivities. Stn. Below. Beneath. Adown. Ant. Upwards. Aloft. Dbaft, n. From trahere, to draw. A thing drawn. Srw. Copy- Transfer. Transcript, Sketch. Abstract Order. Check, Akt Original, Deed, Cash. Deaft, V. See noun. Stn. Draw. Drain. Eshacst. AltT. Supply. Replenish, import, Dbag, See Draft, Sin. Draw. Pull. Haul, Ant, Carry. Convey, Push. l*ropel. Raise. Heave. Drain, ad. and neut. Saxon, To draw off or drop away by Blow degrees. Stn, Draw, Strain. Drip. Percolate. Drop. Exhaust, Empty. Dry. Ant. Replenish. Fill. Supply. Pour. Moisten, Drown, Inundate, Drench. SwilL Draught, n. Trahere, to draw, whence draw. See Drag. A word of many applications, Stn, Drink, Traction, Breeze. Check, Ant, Drought, Burden, Non-ventila- tion. Deposit. Draw, v. tr. See Drag. Stn. Drag. PuU. Attract. Induce. -Ant. Push. Carry. Propel. Throw. Repel. Drive. CompeL Impel. Thrust. Drawback, n. See Detriment, Drawl, v. int. Dutch, dralen, to linger. To speak with a tedious mode of utterance from want of interest or from affecta- tion. Stn. Drag. Laj?. Drone. Ant. Gabble. Rattle. Prattle. Drkad, n. Sax. droedan, tt. i jtar Really. I Stn, Fear. Shuddering. Terror. Hanoi -Alarm. Intimidation. iLKT. Courage, gonfldence. Welcome DHBADFUii, adj. See Dread, Stn. Fearful. Terrific. Horrible Alarming. AwfuL -Ant. Encouraging. Inspiriting. -As- suring. Promising. Hopeful. Dream, n. Probably conn, with dormire, to sleep. Used analogously iq the wider sense of the following — Stn. Trance. Vision, Fancy, Reverie. Hallucination, Romance, -Ant. Fact. Reality. Substance, Verity Realization, Dreamt, adj. See Dream, Stn. FancifnL Visionary. Speculatira Abstracted. Absent Foggy. -Ant, Collected. Earnest Attentive Awake. Active. Energetic Practical DEE.4ET, adj. Germ, traurig, sad. See Dismal, Dregs, n. Germ, dreck, dirt. Stn, Refuse, Sediment, OffaL Lees, OfFscourlng. Dross. Trash. Ant. Cream. Flower. Pink. Pickings. Bouquet Sample. Drench, v. tr. Conn, with Drink. Stn. Wash. Inundate, Soak, Shower. Drown. -Ant- Drain- Strain. Sponge, ilop Dry. Exsiccate. Drenched, adj. See Drench. Dress, n. Fr. dresser. It, drizzare, to make straight. Comp. Direct and Address, Stn. Garniture. Pi¥paration. Arrange- ment Clothing. Habiliments, Accoutre- ments. Vestments, Uniform, Livery. Costume. Garb. Investiture, AST. Nudity. 1 border. Dlsarrar.g..- ment Undress, Deshabille. Driblet, n. Dribble, Conn, with Drip and Drop, A scanty instalment of a forthcoming por- tion, Stn. Drop. Dole. Instalment. Scrap Morsel. Bit Particle. -iNT. TotaL Whole. Aggresrate. Mass Body, Bulk. Entirety. sSn. Drift, v. int. Sax. drlf. Ez- Synonyms and Antonyms. 145 presses the process of uniform motion, but not the effect of volition. Sth. Drive. Bear. Wander. Edge. Float. Aj(T. Steer. Speed. Course. Make. Aim. Deift, n. *fee verb. Used metaphorically, Stk. Tendency. rJirectlon. Motion. Tenour. Meaning. Purport. Object. In- tention. Purpose. Scope. Aim. Result. Issue. Inference. Conclusion. End. Ant. Aimlessnes^. Polntlessness. Vague- ness. Unmeaningness. Indefiniteneijs. Con- flisedness. Aberrancy. Dkill, v. tr. Sax. Conn, with Through and Thrill. To pierce a hole or run a groove; from the latter, to arrange in lines for exercise. Sts. Teach. Exercise. Train. Ordi- nate. Discipline. Ant. Confuse. Disarrange. Disorder. Mlsinstruct Miseducate. Dishabituate. Drink, v. tr. Sax. drincan. Stw. Imbit>e. Swallow. Absorb. Drain. Draught. Akt. Disgorge. Replenish. Ponr. Exude. Water. Moisten. Deip. Sax. dripan. Syh. Drop. Ooze, Percolate. AiT. Imbibe. Swallow. Absorb. Suck. Dry. Retain. Hold. Deivb. Sax. drifan. Snr. See Draw. DEtVEii, n. Form of Dribble. Saliva flowing from the mouth, as in dotage or idiotoy. Applied to fatuitous speech. Sra. Fatuity. Nonsense. Trifling. Snivel. Babble. Amt. Soundness. Coherence. Substance. Solidity. Deivellee, n. See Drivel. Stk. Idiot. Babbler. Dotard. Ant. Speaker. Debater. Logician. Orator. Dboll, adj. Ft. drole, a short fat man. One whimsically punchy. Sra. ^VTiimricaL Comical. Funny. Gomic. 'Vantastic. FarcicaL Am. Sad. Lamentable. Tragic. Ln- ■nbrioua JTonereaL I Deollbet, n. See Droll. Stn. Fun. WhiiLiieality. Comicality Trickery. BuSbonery. Ant. (xravity. Dismality. Ruefulness Priggishness. Starch. Lugujiriousness. Deonk, v. int. See Drawl. Dboop, v. tr. and int. Scand. Syn. Sink. Flag. Decline. Pine. Lan- guish. Drop. Bend. Incurve, Ant. Revive. Flourish, Luxuriate Prosper. Rally. Raise. Drop, v. int. Conn, with Drip and Droop, Syn. Ooze. Emanate. Distil. Percolate. Fall. Decline. Descend. Faint. Droop. Ant. Evaporate. Rally. Rise. Soar. Ascend. Recover. Deoss. a. Sax. dreosan, to fan. That which falls away, as the refuse. Comp. Trash, Syn. See Cream. Deought, n. Spelt also Drouth. Conn, with Dry. SxN. Dryness. Aridity, Parchmg. Thirst. Ant. Moisture. Refreshment. Dew. Deluge. Slaking. Quenching. Watering. Irrigation. Deown. Sax. Conn, with Drink and Drench. Stn. Sink. Immerse. Swamp. Sub- merge. Ant. Dry. Drain. Expose. Air. Venti- late. Deowst. Sax. drusian, to fall. Syn. Heavy. Drooping. Sleepy. Som- nolent. Ant. Light. Vigilant. Alert. Awake. Drudge. Conn, with Drag. To drag through low or menial work, or any work with difS- culty. Syn. Slave. Labour. Plod. Ant. Bask. Luxuriate. Hit off. Play. Dally. Drug. Conn, with Dry. A dried substance for medicine. Metaphorically, a valueless thing, like a dead leaf, See Cipher. Dbt, v. Sax. drygan, Syn. Drain. Parch. Ant. Drench. Moisten. Wet. 146 Synonyms and ArUonyms, Det, adj. See verb. Used also metaphorically, as, wanting life or interest. Stn. Arid. Parched. Motstnreless. Juicfless. Lifeless. Dull. Tedious, Un- interesting. Monotonous. Ant, Moist. Fresh. Juicy, Lively. Entertaining, It has also the peculiar sense of humorous. See Humour. Dubious, adj., DuBirATioN, n. See Doubt. Ductile, adj. Ductilis, from duco, to lead or draw. Physically, that may be easily drawn out; morally, one who may be easily persuaded. Stn. Malleable. Extensible, Tractile, Tractable, Docile, Irresolute, Ductile. jVnt, Inelastic, Inflexible. Tough. Obdurate. Resolute. Finn. Otetinate. Dudgeon, n. Welsh, dygen, anger. Syn, Indignation. Spleen. Resentment. Umbrage, Ant, Complacency. Contentment. Serenity. Satisfaction. Dub, adj. Debitus, debere, to owe. Stn. Owing. Attributable. Just Fair. Proper. Obligatory. Ant. Irrelative. Unattributable. Inde- pendent. Undue. , Unfair. Improper. Ex- travagant Deficient. Dulcet, adj. Dulcis, sweet. Especially used of sound. Stn. Sweet Soothing, Melodious, Soft Warbling, Euphonious, Ant. Harsh, Grating. Discordant Noisy. Clamorous. Dissonant liancour. Cacophonous. Dulcify, v., Dulcorate, v. See Sweeten. Dull, adj. Sax. dol, foolish. Comp. Dolt. Used first of the mind, and thence transferred to sensible objects. Stn. stupid. Stolid. Doltish. Insen- sible. Callous. Heavy. Gloomy. Dismal. Cloudy. Turbid. Opaque. Dowdy. Com- monplace. Dead. Matt Akt, Sharp. Clever. Lively. Anl- WAted. Sensible. Cheerful. Exhilarating. Bright. 'lYansparent Brilliant Burnished. Dullabd, n. See Dull and Blockhead. DUMBFOUNDBK, V. tr SoX. dumb, and founder, to sink, from fundus, the deep. Comp. Pro- found. To sink into speechless astonishment. See Astonish. Dunce, n. From Duns Scotus, a learned schoolman, whase name became a byword when scholastic learning fell into dis- repute. Stn. See Blockhead. Dupe, n. Fr. dwpe, a foolish bird. Comp. Grull and Booby. To cheat. See Cheat. DtrPLiOlTT, n. Duplex, double. Double-dealing. See Artful. DuEABLB, adj. Durare, to last ; durus, hard. Stn. Lasting. Permanent, Stable. Per- sistent Ant. Evanescent Transient Imper- manent Unstable. DuEANCK, n. See Endure Stn. Confinement Incarceration. Im- prisonment Ant. Liberty. Largtciess. Duration, n. See Durable. Applied to time, to express a portion of it, in reference to an event or series of events. Stn. Period. Continuance. Term. Space, Protraction. Prolongatioa Ant. Momentariness. Instantaneous- ness. Infinity. Eternity. During. Used as a prep. See Durable. Stn. Pending. Throughout Akt. Barring. Excluding. Omitting Excepting. Dutiful, adj. Eeady to per- form acts, as duteous is ready to feel the sentiments, due to others. Stn. Obedient Submissive. Docile. Deferential. Duteous. Akt. Disobedient Intractable. He hellions. Undutlfut Syitonyms and Antonyms. 141 DCTI, n. Dibitas, debere, to ttwe. Iliat which is owed on grounds of moral obligation. Syn. Obligation. Part. Bufiiness. Re- gponsibility. Allegiance, Function. Office. Province. Calling. Trnst Commission. Amt. Freedom. Kxemptlon. Immunity. Licence. Dispensation. Desertion. Dere- liction. The word is used in the tech- nical senses of tax, or what is due to the Crown, and ritual, as due from the clergy or the niili- tary, &c. DwABF, V. tr. Low Germ. dumrf. Srs. Lower. Stunt Depress. Ant. Heighten. Elevate. Raise. DwAKF, n. See verb. SrN. Pigmy. Imp. Abortion. Pack. A^T. Giant. Monster. Hercules. Dwell, v. int. Scand. Conn, witli Dull. Implying to be slow or linger ; thence, to tarry as in a fixed abode. SrN. Stop. Stay. Rest Linger. Tarry. Live. Reside. Abide. Ant. Move. Travel. Hasten. Speed. Migrate. A7ander. Depart Flit Roam. Dweller, n. See Dwell and Denizen. DwELLiNS, n. See DweU and Abode. Dwindle, v. int. Sax, dvinan, to pine. Stw. Pine- Waste. Diminish. Decrease, recline. Melt Ant. Expand. Enlarge. Increase. Grow. Flourish. Augment Derelope. E. Eager. From Lat. acer, but unlike acer^ applied only to dis- position and feelings, not phy- sical qualities. Sin. Ardent. Earnest. Active. In- teTested. Anxious. Keen, Hot. AuT. Cool. Indifferent. Inactive. Slug- gish. Listless. UDSoUcitous, JjuU. Early, adj. and adv. Comp. Ere or Ever. In advance of time. Stn. Soon. Betimes. Forward, Ma- tutinal. Beforehand. Ant. Late. Tardily. Backward. Ves- pertioal. Belated. Earn, v. tr. Germ, aran, to plough. Comp. ear of wheat, and earth or land ploughed. Sax. earnian. Syn. Merit. "Win. G£n. Deserve. Rea- lize. Ant. Forfeit. Forego. Waste. Lose Spend. Squander. Earnest, adj\ Earn. Conn. with yearn. Syn. Eager. Serious. Intent. Deter- mined. Strenuous. Intent. AsT. Indifferent. PlayfuL Idle. De- sultory. Irresolute. 0nearnest. Sporti ve. Jesting. Flippant. Ease, n. Fr. aise. Is used of condition or circumstances and efforts. Syn. Comfort. Enjoyment. Rest. Re- freshment. Quiet. Conteutment. Satis- faction. Facility. Readiness. Ant. Trouble. Annoyance. Vexation. Disquiet. Difficulty. Awkwardness. Easy, adj\ See Ease. In ad- dition to the foregoing has also the sense of indulgent. Stn. Quiet. Comfortable. Manageable. Indulgent. Facile. Lenient. Unconcerned. Ajut. Uneasy. Disturbed. Uncomfort- able. Difficult. Unmanageable. Hard. Exacting. Anxious. Awkward. Embar- rassed. Ebb, v. Sax. ehbian, to ebh. Syn. Retire. Recede. Decrease. Sink. Decline. Decay. Wane. Ant. Flow. Increase. Abound. Swell, Ebriktt, n. Lat. Ebrietas, ebrius, sober. Sts. Soberness. Freshness. Temper- ance. A NT. Inebriety. Intoxication. Cra- pulence. Ebullition, n. EbulUre, to boil out. Used of feeling. Syn. Boiling. Effervescence. Outburst Paroxysm. Eruption. Ant. Cooling, Refrigeration, Subsi dence. Composure. i2 148 Synonyms and Antonyms. EccBNTEic, adf. Ex and cen- trum. Gr. Kivrpov. The centre point of a circle or circulation. Deviating from a fixed and cus- tomary line of conduct, character, or appearance. SrN. Peculiar. Singular. Idiosyncratic. Flighty. Aberrant. Abnormal. Odd. Whimsical. Erratic. Ant, Regular, Ordinary, Customary, Jformal. Common. Usual. Unnoticeable. Unremarkable. Echo, n. Gr. rjxii, the nymph of sound ; ^x°'> sound. Of rever- beration. Used metaphorically with the force of mechanical or servile repetition of the senti- ments of others. SrN, Reverberation, Resonance. Re- petition. Imitation. Answer, Ant, Sound. Voice. Original. Ques- tion, Fropositiou. Statement. Opinion, Eclectic. 'ExXcyeiv, to choose. Given to choosing rather than fol- lowing, and that from all sources, with a simple view to the true and right, irrespectively of party. Stn. Exceptive, Selective. Broad. Ant. NaiTow, Prejudiced, Petty, Par- tial, Intolerant. Biassed. Warped. Dog- matic. Eclipse, ra. 'EKXetirew, a failure. As in the sun or moon, of a por- tion of their obscurated aspect. Used metaphorically to express the overshadowing of superior excellence. Syn, Failure, Obscuration. Over- sliadowing. Shading, Diminution. Out- Bhinins, Outdoing, Outrivalling. Ant, Illumination. EfTulgence. Bright- ness. Reappearance. Lustre. Renown. Reilluraination. Re-effulgence. Foil. Eclipse, v. See noun. Stn. Obscure. Overshadow. Outdo. Outshine. Outvie. Outrival. Ant. Recommend. Brighten. Enhance. Illustrate. Heighten. Economy, n. OiKovofua, o'Uos, a house, and vofms, distribution, management. Domestic manage- ment, thence management o: Jis- pensation generally. Stn. Adminiiitratiun. Management Dispensation. Rule. Arrangement. Dis- tribution, Husbanding, Ant, Maladministration, Mismunage- mont. Waste. Misrule. Disorder. Pro- digality, Economize, v. tr. See Economy. Stn. Husband. Develope. Utilize. Ant. Waste. Misuse. Sacrlflce. Ecstasy,?!. EK.oui.andardo-w, a standing. A standing out or departure from the ordinary state of the mind under conditions of peculiar excitement. Stn. Rapture. Inspiration. Fervotir Phrenzy. Transport. Ant. Coolness. Indifference. Dulness. Weariness. Tedium. Bore. Fidget. Mii»ery. Ecumenical, adj. Oikov^cVi; (yrj, understood). The whole in- habited earth. Stn, Catholic. Universal. Ant. Partial. KationaL Private. Do- mestic, Local, Edible, adj. Edibilis, edere, to eat. Stn, Esculent, Wholesome, Culinaiy, Eatable, Ant. Noxious. Poisonous. Deleterious Uneatable. Edifice, n. j^dijicium, osdi- ficare, to build. Stn. Structure. Building. Tenement Fabric. Ant. Ruin. Heap. Demolition, Dis- mantlement Edify, v. tr. See Edifice. To build up in an opinion or know- ledge, and so instruct and im- prove, Stn, Enlighten, Instruct. Improve. ^Ant. Misguide. Mislead. Misinform, Educate, v. tr. Educare, to bring up. Stn. Instruct Nurture, Train. Ground. School. Initiate. Ant. Miseducate. Misingtruct Mi* nurture. Educe, v. tr. Educere, to bring out. Stn, Draw, Eliminate, Produce. Elicit Ant. Adduce. Apply. Insert !>»■ posit Bestow, Simonyms and Antonyms. 149 Efface, v. tr. E-x anA fades, a face or appearance. To do away with a representation, colouring, or delineation upon a surface. Syw. Erase. Obliterate. Expunge. Ant. Restore. KevWe. Delineate. Im- print. Portray. Effect, v. tr. Efficere, to effect. To work out an end proposed. Syw. Cause. Produce. Achieve. Com- plete. Ant. Prevent. Obviate. Frustrate. Mar. Effect, n. See verb. Used also in the sense of the striking or eflScient in appearance. Efpbctivb, adj., Effectual, adj., Efficient, adj. See Effect. Tending to produce an effect. The three words are somewhat differently applied. Effective refers to effect in the sense of impression upon the senses, as an effective picture. Effectual is practically conducive to bringing about a specific end, as an effectual remedy. Efficient, having the quality of effective- ness, ready to be exerted when- ever occasion may arise, as, an efficient man. Stm. PowerfuL Conducive. Operative. Cogent. Telling. Able. Talented. Ant. Weak. Ineffective. Inconduclve. Inoperative. Futile. Nugatory. Effeottjatb, v. tr. See Effect. Syn. Produce. Ensure. Secure. Sta- jilitate. Compass. Complete. Establish. Ant. Prevent Hinder. Nullify. De- 'eat. Nip. Blight. Strangle. Stifle. Abolish. Epfeminatk, adj. Femina, a woman. Having acquired the character or manner of a woman. Sni. Feminine. Delicate. Womanly. Womanrsh. Unmanly. Weak. Enervated. Kniasculated. The epithet is commonly, though not always, used re- proachfully. In that case it were bettei to use Effeminate and Womanish of men, and ap- ply to women, as epithets of pro- priety, Eeminine and Womanly. Ant. Manly. Robust. Vigorous. Hardy. Virile. Effervesce, v. int. Fervescere, freq. of fervere, to boil. Strictly with heat, but also used of cold liquids, as the words boil and seethe are uised of the foaming sea or the bubbling torrent. It is also used metaphorically of excitement of feeling. Stn. Boil. Bubble. Foam. Mantle. Froth. Ferment, Sparkle. Bluster. Ex. plode. Ant. Subside. Bear. Brook. Digest. Acquiesce. Refrain. Flatten. Effete, adj. Ex and fcdus, the young. No longer capable of bearing, hence generally worn out. Stn. Worn. Exhausted. Barren. De- crepit. Ant. Productive. Vigorous. Fertile. Prolific. Exuberant. Efficacy, n. Efficax, effica- cious, efficere, to produce. Better used of things, as efficiency of persons. Stn. Efficiency. Usefulness. Produc- tiveness. Effectiveness. Ant. Inefficiency. Inutility. Ineffec- tiveness. Efficiency, n. See Efficacy. Effigy, n. Effigies, a statue. Properly a true likeness. Syn. Statue. Figure. Representation. Image. Ant. Caricature. Misrepresentation. Distortion. Daub. Effloeescence, n. Ex and .flos, oris, a flower. Stn. Budding, Luxuriance. Outburst. Crystallization. Granulation. Ant. Nudity. Bareness. Denudation. Deflorescence. Absorption. Desiccation. Effluence, n. Ex and Jiuere, to flow. Stn. Outponrini?, Emission, Discharea Abundance. Overflow. Ant. Refluencff. Infusion. Absorpthtn Retention. Exhaustion. 150 Synonyms and Antonyms. EnrLirviUM, n. See Effluence. Exhalation by nsage, restricted to such as are of noxious or un- pleasant character. Stn. Exhalation. EmanatioD. Malaria, Miasma. Stinl^ Ant. Ventilation. Scent. Disinfectant. Zephyr, fialm. Eppobt, n. Ex anifortis. A putting forth of the strength for a specific purpose. Sth. Trial. Attempt. Endeavonr. Ex- ertion. Ant. Failure. Misadventure. Unsnc- CP3S. P'msrraiion. Futility. Inactivity. Ea.se. Facility. Spontaneity. Effkontebt, n. Ex, out, and frons, the forehead or face. Stn. BarefacedueKi. Impudence. Brass. Ant. Modesty. Timidity. Basbfulness. Coyness. Effulgence, n. Ex and f ul- ger , to shine. Syn. Splendour. Lustre. Brilliancy. Ln- mimeity. Ant. Darkness. OhscaratioiL Teuebroslty. Effuse, adj. Eff under e,fu&us, io pour out. Syn. Copious. Effluent. Abundant Ant. Dry. Scanty. Sparing. Jejune. ErrDSioN,«. See Effuse. Used literally of the pouring out of liquid, and metaphorically of the pouring out of speech. Sin. Pouring. Discbarge. Emission. Efflupnce. Oration. Speech. Address. Ant. Infusion. Refluence, Absorption. Essay. Document. Instrument. Eeadiog. Egotism, n. Lat. ego, 1. A tendency to undue thought and ! speech about one's self. Stw, Conceit. Vanity. Self-a-ssertion, Ant. Considerateness. Deference. Self- abnegation. Egbegious, adj. E, out, and | grear, the flock or common herd. Applied to persons or personal qualities. Often used ii-onically. Stn. Remarkable. Peculiar. Excellent. Consummate. Ant. Ordinary. Commonplace. Every- day. Mediocre. E0BB8S, n. Egrediri, egressus. to stej. out. Used of the act and the passage of coining out. Si-N. Exit. Departure. Sally. Ontlet. Ant. Adit Inlet. Approach. Avenue. Entrance. ElTHIiB, adj. Sax. du, ever, (Germ, ewig), hvadher, vjhether (^ two. Whichever of the two you please. Ant. Neither (ne being the negative prefix). Ejaculate, v. tr. See Ejacu- lation. Ejaculation, n. Ejaculari, jaculum, a javelin. Used for- merly of throwing, in its ordinary sense. Now only used of the casting forth of words in a sud- den way. Stn. Exclamation. Utterance. Cry. Ant. Obmnte.scence. Silence. Speech- lessness. Dumbfoondedness. Oration. Speech. Drawl. Eject, v. tr. Ejicere, jactus, te cast out. Sin. Cast Throw. Discharge. ExpeL Extrude. Evert. Ant. Accept Beceive. Retain, House. Store. Lodge. Accommodate. Admit Welcome. Introduce. Inject. Ejection, n. See Eject. Eke, v. tr. Sax. Oonn. with augere, and commonly used with the prep. out. To eke out, to add to what is scanty, often by only a scanty and barely sufficient addition. Syn. Help. Increase. Augment Raise. Ant. Stop. Diminish. Stmt With- hold. Drain. Exhaust Elaborate, v. tr. E and labor. To woi i out a conception or design. Syn. Execute. Forge. Prepare. Con- coct. Mature. Akt. Misconceive. Mismanage. Mift- contrive. Hit Conjecture. Guess. Chance Extemporize. Elapse, v. int. E and lahi, lupsus, to i-lip. SiH. Pass. Slip. Intervene. Ant. Wait Abide. Hold. Uontiau. Halt Endure. Synonyms and Antonyms. 151 Elastio, adj. Lat. Elasticus, from Gr. ikawa, to drive or draw. Having a tendency to spring back, when stretched, to its original dimensions. The ideas suggested by the word are therefore of two kinds ; the one the capability of stretching, the other the tendency to recurrence. In metaphorical language the for- mer is the more prevalent idea. Stn. Ductile. Extensile. Alterable. Resilient. JUodiliable. Flexible. Buoyant. Springy. Amt. Tough. Unchangeable. Rigid, Inflexible. Inelastic. Crystallized. DulL Inert. Elated, adj. Ex and ferre. To carry out, of himself, with joy or pride. Syn. Cheered. Joyed, Inspirited. Over- joyed. Proud. Inflated, Ant, Depressed. Dispirited. Disap- pointed, Abashed. Confounded, Humi- liated, Disconcerted. D^ected. Elder, n. Sax. eld^ Eng. dd. Comparative, elder. Stw, Senior. Father. Ant. Junior. Son. Elbot, adj. Eligere, lectus, to choose. Syn. Elite. Choice, Accepted. Chosen. Ant, Rejected. Reprobate, Eleot, V. See Elect, adj. Elboted, pa^t. See Election. Election, n. See Elect. Stw, Choice. Acceptance. Selection. Preference. Ant. Postponement. E^jection. Repro- bation. Elbctriet, V. tr. From Elec- tricity, which is from the Gr. jfKeKTpov, Lat. ehctrum, amber. As being produced by the friction of amber. ^S,YlT. Astonish. Astound. Thrill, Amaze. Dumbfounder. AppaL Ann. Soothe. Compose. Calm, Mes- merize. Elegance, n. Flf^antia, eli- gere, to choose. Primarily that kind of beauty in art or compo- sition which is the result of choice selection, and the omis- sion of everything offensive to rule or taste. The word has acquired a wider meaning in usage. Stn. Beauty. Grace. Refinement Sym- metry.. Gracefulness. Taste. Ant, Deformity, Awkwardness. In- elegance, Disproportion. Ungracefulness. Coarseness. Rudeness. Elegt, n. A poem consisting of hexameters and pentameters alternately. A metre employed in grave and mournful subjects. Prom e e Xe'yetc, to cry ; ? ?, in wailing. Sts. Dirge, Threnody. Lament Jere- mlade. Ant. Pfean. Jubilee, Element, n. Der. uncertain. Possibly from eleo for oleo {1 grow), because out of the ele- ments aU things grow. Used also for the primary or consti- tuent parts of compound things. Stn. Component. Elementary, adj. Belonging to the elements, physically, but more frequently employed in re- ference to elements as component parts, elemental being reserved for the former. Stn, Physical, Material. Natural. Ele- mentary, Primary, Rudimental. Inchoate, Component, Constituent. Ultimate. Ant. Immaterial, Incorporeal, Impal- pable. Compound, Collective. Aggregate, Developed. Organized. Elevate. See Elevation. Stn, Raise. Dignify. Ennoble. Ant, Lower. Degrade. Debase. Elevation, n. Elevare, to raise ; levis, light. Stn. Height Rise. Raising. Altitude. Loftiness, Tallness, Improvement Ame- lioration. Refinement Superiority. Emi- nence. Ant. Depth, Fall. Decline. Depres- sion. Shortaerf. Stuntedness. Deteriora- tion. Debasement Degradation, iiileri* ority. 152 Stjnonyms and Antonyms. EiiiOiT, V. tr. Lat. Elicere, to entice out. Syk. Draw. Evoke. Educe. Eliminate, Enucleate. Express. Extract, Worm. Evolve. Ant. Inseit. Implant. Introduce. Ino- culate, lobinuate. Infuse. Instil. In- corporate. Suggest. Extort, Eligibh}, adj. See Elect. Worthy of being chosen. Stn. Desirable. Preferable. Cboice, Prime, Ant. Undesirable. Worthless. TTnpro- fitable. Ordinary. Indifferent. Ineligible. Eliminatk, V. tr. E and limen, a threshold. To bring out from the recesses of private con- cealment into the public light of day. Hence, 1, to explain; 2, to extract; and 3, to extract what is superfluous or objection- able. Stn. Elucidate. Explain. Enucleate. Ant, Mystify. Obscure. Involve. Smug- gle. Fuist. Import. Confound. Elision, n. Midere, to strike out. In grammar, the omission of a syllable, and the consequent shortening of the word. Syn. Omission. Ejection. Excerption. Abridgment Ellipse. Ant. Insertion. Introduction. Implanta^ tion. Augmentation. Elongation. Inocu- lation. Ellipsb, n. iv, and \el7re1v, to leave or fail. An omission of something which may be under- stood without being expressed, as, ' the man I saw,' for ' whom I saw.' The adj. Elliptical is sometimes used of style which leaves much to be understood which is not expressed. In this sense it would have such syno- nyms and antonyms as the fol- lowing : — Syn. Suggestive. Latent Pregnant significant Allusive. Subunditive. Ant. Categorical. FulL Expository. Explanatory. Declaratory. Enunclative. Elocution, n. Ex and lo'jui to speak. The act and the pro- cess of public speaking. Syn. Oratory. Declamation. Eloqnenoa Ant, Keading, Lection. Balbutiatlon. Elongation, n. E and longus, long. The addition of length. Stn. Production. Extension. Ant. Apocope. Curtailment Eloquence, a. See Elocution. Else. Sax. el, other. Like alius, in Latin. Stn. Besides. Otherwise. Ant. So. Also. Likewise. Elbxwhebe, adv. See Else. Add Sax. hwar. Stn. Otherwise. Away. Aht, So. Here. Elucidate, v. tr. Ex and lucidus. lux, light, lucid. Stn. Explain. Clear. Illustrate. Ant. Mystify. Obscure. Confuse. Elude, v. tr. E and ludere, ludus, to mock. Stn. Escape. Avoid. BafBe. Evade. Parry. Fence. Mock. lYustrate. Akt. Encounter. Meet. Confront Court Dare. Defy. Elusory, adj. See Elude. Syit. Slippery. Intangible. Indetain. able. Fugitive. Shadowy. Unsubstantial Ant. Persistent Stable. Solid. Emaciation, n. E and macies, Stn. Leanness. Attenuation. Wasting. Aht. Fatness. Obesity. Corpulence. Emanate, v. tr. E and •manare, to dro/i, Syn. Originate. Flow. Spring. Else. Ant. Terminate. Cnlminaie. Knd. Evene. Issue. Arrive. Eventuate. Emanation, n. See Emanate. Emancipate, v. tr. E and mancipiam, a laying of the hui.d on a thing, as on the head of a slave, to betoken a formal pur- chase. Used in various meta- phorical applications. hTN. ".ibcrate. Enfranchise, Ees--UR, .\sx. Knthnill. Sulyugu-.e. Eusiuva Bind. Disqualily. Synonyn.i and Antonyms, 153 Dhbalm, v. tr. Balsamum, balsam or halm. To preserve in spices. To lay up carefully. Stn. Conserve. Ppeserve. Treasure. Store. Enshrine. Consecrate. Ant. Expose. Desecrate. Abandon. Vulgarize. Embaego, n. Spanish, larra, u, bar. A restraint laid upon vessels in port. Used metapho- rically. Sth. Restraint. Detention. Prohibition. Stoppage. Ant, Permit. Permission. Discharge. Liberation. Dismissal. Conge. Embark, v. int. Barca, a ship. CJoinp. Eng. Bark. Used meta- phorically of emharldng in a project. Stit. Launch. Enter. Start, Ant. Arrive. Anchor. Land. Embarrass, v. tr. Same der. as Embargo. Syw. Entangle. Disconcert. Trouble. Perplex. Confuse. Hamper. Clog. En- cumber. Aht. Extricate. Liberate. Expedite. Facilitate. Accelerate. Assist Dlsen- aunber. Embellish, v. tr. BeUus, neat, pretty. See Adorn. Embezzle, v. tr. Old Fr. hesiler. Celt, bes, without, and Id, law. To come unlawfiiUy by. Ap- plied to money and accounts. Stn. Appropriate. Confuse. Falsify. Peculate. Misappropriate. Amt. Square. Balance. Clear. Embitter, v. tr. To mafce bitter. Sax. biter. Erom bite, Mordant. Acrid. Stn. Aggravate. Molest. AijT. Alleviate. Soothe. Sweeten. Emblazon, v. tr. See Blazon. Emblem, n. eji^dWciv, to cast w throw in, as, a device into tapestry or mosaic work. A pattern; and, thence, a device taken as a distinctive mark. Stk. Device. Cognizance. Sign. Sym tol. Representation. Type. Badge. Mark. Aht. Disguise. Decoy incognito. Domino, Blind. Ruse. Embody, o. tr. Body. Sax. hodig. To put into tangible shape, or to attach or insert into another body. Stn. Express. Methodize. Systematize. Codify. Incorporate. Aggregate. Integrate. Compact. Introduce. Knlist. Combtne. Ant. Eliminate. Segregate. Analyze. Dissipate. Disintegrate. Dismember. Col- liquate. Disband. Disembody. Embolden, v. tr. Bold, Sax, See Encourage. Embosomed, adj. Bosom, Sax. Stn. Concealed. Enfolded. Wrajpt. Enveloped. Surrounded. Begirt. En- circled. Ant. Exposed. Unfolded. Open. Un- encircled. Embrace, v. tr. In and brachium, the arm. Stn. Clasp. Comprehend. Include. Ant. Exclude. Reject Except Embroider, v. tr. Fr. broder. To cover with ornamental needle- work. Comp. Braid, Stn. Emboss. Enrich. Emblazon. Em- bellish. Ant. Botch. Patch. Cobble. Dam. Embroil, v. tr. See 'Bisivil. Has the double sense of to make confused, and to implicate in confusion. Syn. Implicate. Commingle. Entangle (in quarrel). Disturb. Distract Trouble; Aht. Extricate. Separate. Remove. Arrange. Compose. Pacify. Embrto, ■«, iv, and fipieiu, to conceive. Stn. Germ. Nucleus. Rudiment Origin. Ant. Development Shape. Completion. Maturity. Emendation, n. E, out, and menda, a fault. Stn. Correction. Amendment Recti- fication. Reformation. Ant. Error. Defect Incorrectness. Fault. Corruption. Emerge, v. int. E, out, and mergere, to dip or plunge. To rise out of a fluid. Metaphori- cally, to escape out of a diffi- culty. 154 Synonyms and Antonyms. Stk Escape Issue. Evene. Appear. Ant. Enter. Incur. Retreat. Recede, Abscond. Embrgbnoy, To. See Emerge. A crisis, like that of rescue from drowning, or else the sudden appearing of a crisis, as if it had risen out of the course of events. SyN. Crisis. Conjuncture. Pincii. Em- barrassment Strait. Necessity. UiflBculty. ANT. Rescue. Deliverance. Solution. Subsidence. Provision. Anticipation. Ar- rangement. Embesion, To. See Immersion. Ejcgeation, to. Emigrare, to migrate. Sra. Exodua. Colonization. Flit. AST, Abode. ' Sojourn. Settlement Stay. Domiciliation. Immlgraldoa. Eminence, n. Eminere, to stand out or rise. Used of phy- sical height and moral or social loftiness. SrN. See Height. Emink'nt, adj. See High. Emtntently, adv. See Highly. Emission, n. Emittere, to send forth. See Discharge. Emollient, at^'. E and mollis, soft. Syn. Softening. Laxative. Balsamic. Ant. Astringent. Irritant, tialling. Emolument, n. Emoliri, to work out or move out, from moles, a heavy mass. The result of labour. See Profit. Emotion, to. E and movere, to move. Stn. Passion. Feeling. Excitement. Ant. Indiifcrence. Insensibility. Im- passiveness. Imperturbability. Stoicism. Emthatio, adj. Gr. emphasis, accent or stress. Laying stress, or deserving to have stress laid upon it. Svn. Exrnest. Positive. Important. ( Special. Egregious. Consummate. l Ant. Mild. Unemphatic. Cool. tJn- I impassioned. Unimporcan, Ordinary. I Uunoticeabla, Commonplace, 1 Empieeob, V. tr. See Pierce. Empiee, to. Iraperium, imi' pernre, to command. Snf. Dominion, Sovereignty, Rule. Ant, Independence, Insurrection, An* erchy, EmpibiGAIi, adj. i/iirfipla. Experience or experiment, as distinguished from science. Stn, Experimental, Tentative. Quacktsh. Ant. Scientific. Regular. Inductive. Uniform. Constant. Empieicism, To. See Empirical. Employ, v. tr. Implicare, to enfold into ow^s plan. Stn, Use. Apply. Economize, Ant. Discard, Dismiss, Misuse, Mis- employ. Empoweb, v. tr. Yi. pouvoir. Lat. potestas, from posse, to le able. Stn, Enable, Commission. Encourage, Qualify, Ant. Hinder, Prevent. Discourage Disable. Disqualify. Empty, adj. Sax. emtig. C!on- taining nothmg. Stn. Vacant. Void. Clear. Unen- cumbered. Unobstructed, Unoccupied. Waste. Uninhabited. Unfrequented. De- ficient. Weak. Silly. Idl& Senseless. Ant. Full. Occupied. Encumbered. Obstrncced. Cultivated. Colonized. In- habited, informed. Well-instructed. Sen- sible. Experienced. Siguificant. Forcible. Important SubstantlaL Emulate, v. tr. ^mtdari, to strive to excel. Stn. Rival. Vie. Compete. Aspire. Ant. Disaffect Shun. Forego. Abandon. Despise. Contemn. Waive. Enable, v. tr. See Able. Stn. Empower. Qunhfy. Strengthen. Ant. Disqualify. Hinder. Disable. Enact, v. tr. See Act and Abrogate. Enamour, v. tr. In and anwr, love. Stn. Captivate. Fascinate. Enslavo. Charm. Endear. Bewitch. Enchain. Ant. Repet. Disgust f^tracse. Tik iccbant HoiTlfy. Synonyms and Antonyms. 155 Encamp, v. int. In and campus, :i field; whence camp. Stn. Settle. Pitjh. Quarter. Bivouac. Aht. March. Decamp. Itetire. Retreat. Enchain, o. tr. In and cham, from catena, a chain. Sth. Bind. Fetter, Manacle, Enelave. AxT. Loose. Liberate. R&trioate. MaDU- mit. Disenthrall. Enchant, v. tr. In and can- tare, to sing; cantus, a song or incantation. See Enamour. ENcmcLE, V. tr. See Circle. Stk, Surround, Environ. Inclose. Hem. Circumscribe. Encompass. Ant. Disinclose, DiEencircle, Disen- conipass. Enclose, v. tr. In and claudere, datisits, to shut. Stv. Slint. Encircle. Environ. Include. Circumscribe. Envelope, Wrap. Afforest, Ant. Open, Disclose. Exclude. Dis- enclose. Disenclrde. Bare. Expose. De- velope. Disafforest. Enclosure, n. See Enclose. Applied both to that which in- closes, and that which is ia- clased. Syn. Fence. Ring. Limit. Boundary, Park. Close. Circle. Field. Precinct Ant. Space. Common. Waste, Wild. Dt'sert. Wilderness. Void. Encomicm, n. Kafws, a revel. A song in honour of Bacchus, sung at the Bacchic festival. Thence, a speech in public praise. Stn, Panegyric, Laurlation, Compli- ment. Oummendation. Eulogy. Ant. Viiuperatiun, Vilification. Taunt. Obloquy. Invective. Encompass, v. tr. In, con, and passus, a step. Comp. Pace. To encircle by walking round, or in any other way. See En- circle. Encounter, v. tr. In and ■contra, against. To come against something, or some other, sud- denly, or in opposition. Sin. Meet. Confront »ace. With- stand. Ant. Elude, Avoid. Escape. Mias Shun. Encourage, v. tr. Fr. cceur, the heart. Stn, Embolden, Rally. Reassure. Ani- mate. Inspirit, Prompt. Abet. Ant. Deter, Discourage, Dissuade. Dispirit, Encroach, v. tr. Fr. croc, crochet, a hook. To hook up what does not belong to you. To approach the property or rights of another for such a purpose. Followed by the prep. upon. Stn. Invade. Trespass. Transgress. Infringe. Ant. Respect. Recognize, Observe, Enobubt, V. tr. See Crusty. Stm. Coat. Line. Plaster. Face. Ant. Scrape. Abrade. Expose. Enoeubtation, n. See En- crust. Stn. Plaster. Coating. Lining. In- tegument, Ant. .'Ibrasion. Exfoliation. Peeling. Encumber, v. tr. Lat. incumu- lare, cuinulus, a heap. Stn. Oppress. Obstruct. Clog, lmped& Ant, Disencumber, Free. Disburden. End, n. Sax. encle. See Ter- mination, Object, and Aim, ac- cording as the word is used in the sense of natural termination, purpose, or result. Endanger, v. tr. Dangerium, a Low Latin word of Feudal law. Penal liability. Stn, Imperil. Expose. Jeopardize. Ant. Cover. Defend. Protect. Shield. Screen. Endear, v. tr. See Dear. Stn. Attach. Conciliate. Gain. Ant. Estrange, Alienate. Embitter. Endearment, n. See Endear and Blandishment. Endeavour, n. and v. En and Fr. devoir, duty. To make an effort on behalf of duty; thence, an effort generally. Set Attempt and Effort. 156 Synonyms and Antonyms. Endless, adj. See End. Having no end in time and space. Sth. Interminable. Illimitable. Per- petual. Kternal, Infinite. AST. Terminable. Limit<"d. Temporary. Brief. Transient. Periodic. Ephemeral. Fugitive. Finite. Endow, v. tr. In and dotare, from ctos, a dowry. Stn. Present. Knrich. Furnish. Qualify. Adorn. Invest. Supply. Ant. Denude. Spoliate. Strip. Disen- dow. Deprive. Divest. Endowment, n. See Endow. Applies to the gifts of nature, art, and social provision. Syn. Gift. Provision. Benefit Bene- faction. Talent. Capacity. Attainment. (j)ialification. Ant. Impoverishment. Spoliation. Dis- endowment. Incapacity. Poverty. liack. Enddb, V. tr. Induere, to dothe. See Clothe and Endow. Endubb, v. int. In and durare, dnrus, hard. To last. See Last and Tolerate. Enbmt, n. Inimicus, in, not, and amicus, friend. See Friend. Energy, n, evepyeia, epyov, a work. Active power. See Activity. Enekvatb, v. tr. M and nervus, the nerve. S™. Weaken. Enfeeble. Unnerve. Debilitate. Relax. Unstring. Unhinge. Ant. Strengthen. Brace. Invigorate. Harden. Nerve. ENT'EBBLE,u.. <»■. Ex nai planus, plain or smooth. To make smooth. Stn. Expound. Teach. Illustrate. Aht. Mystify. Obscure. Misinterpret. ExPLAUATiON, n. See Ex- plain. Explanatory, adj. See Ex- plain. Synonyms and Antonyms. Ex and pen 167 Explication, n. Ex and plieare, to fold. See Explana- tion. Explicit, adj. See Exphca- tion. Stn. Plain. Detailed. Inobscure. De- claratory. Categorical. Stated. Ant. Implicit Implied. Hinted. Sug- gestive. Obscure. Explode, v. int. Explodere, from plaudere, to clap. Conn. Applaud. See Burst. Exploit, n. Explicare, to un- fold. See Achievement. Explore, v. tr. Explorare. See Examine. Explosion, n. See Explode. Exponent, n. Exponere, to put forth or expound. Stn. Interpreter. Propounder. Advo- cate. Representative. Aht. System. Opinion. Creed. Prin- ciple. Export, v. tr. Exportare. To carry out. Stn. Ship. Produce Ant. Import. Consume. Expose, v. tr. See. Exponent. To lay bare of covering; and, metaphorically, so to treat char racter or motives. See Conceal. Exposition, n. See Exponent and Explanation, Expositor, n. See Exponent. Expository, adj. See Ex- planatory. Expostulate, v. int. Ex, out, and postulate, to ask. To ask or require a person to leave or forego a certain course of action. Stn. Object. Remonstrate. Ant. Coincide. Abet. Expound, «. tr. Same word as Expose, having come to us throu^ the French espondre. See Explain. 168 Synonyms and Antonyms. ExPBESS, V. tr. Exprimere, pressus. To press out. Usod in a physical or literal sense also. ^TN. See EnuDciate and State. Express, adf. See verb. Stn. Specific. Pointed. Direct. Ant. General. Vague. Leisurely. Expression, n. Applied to the character of the countenance, and the use or collocation of words. Syk. Countenance, liook. Indication. Phrase. Term. Ant. Face. Features. Lineament. Falsification. Misstatement. Solecism. Knigraa. Suppression. Expulsion, n. See Expel. Expunge, v. tr. Ex and pimgere, to prick. To prick or rub out with something pointed, as a pen. Stn. Efface. Obliterate. Erase. Cancel. Ant. Write. Delineate. Mark. Trace. Expurgation, n. Expurgare, to cleanse. A cleansing. See Absterge. Exquisite, adj. Exquirere, to Keek out ; exguisitus. That which is sought or chosen out of a number for its superiority. Stn. Clioice. Rare. Refined. Ant. Common. Coarse. Ordinary. Exquisitely, adv. See Ex- quisite. Exsufflation, n. Ex and sufflare, to blow upwards. Comp. Fr. souffle. Stn. Ebullition. Eruption. Eructation. Ant. Absorption. Inhalation. Gorge- ment. Deglutition. ExsusoiTATK, V. tr. See Sus- citate. Extant, adj. Ex and stare, to stand or exist. Stk. Existent Surviving. Current. Forthcoming. Present ACT. Defunct Lost Obsolete. Past Extempore, adj. and adv. Ex, out of, and lempus, the occasion Stn, Offhani. Unpremeditated. Ant. Studifrl Prepared. Premeditated. Extend, v. tr. and int. Ex and tendere, to stretch. Act. and iietit. Stn. Prolong. Stretch. Expand. En- large. Increase. Augment Reach. Avail. Appiy. Ant. Curtail. Contract. Restrict Nar- row. Limit Recur. Return. Miss. Fail. Extensile, adj. See Extend and Ductile. Extension, n. See Extend and Space. Extensive, adj. See above and Spacious. Extent, n. See above. S™. Degree. Distance. Quantity. Space. Size. Ant. Diminution. Restriction. Limita^ tjon. Extenuate, v. tr. Ex and tenuis, small. Used only of the mitigation of unfavourable state- ments or appearances. Syn. Mitigate. Qualify. Palliate. Ant. Aggravate. Heighten. Enliance. Exterior, n. Lat Stn. Outside. Surface. Face. Aspect Phase. Ant. Interior. Heart Core. Exterminate, v. tr. See Ex- termination. Extermination, n. Ex and terminus, the boundary of a coun- try. To utterly dfisteoy, and so take away from the place of oc- cupation. Etymologically, the word might mean expulsion, but, as a fact, is never so used. Stn. Eradication. Extirpation. Aboli- tion. Destruction. Ant. Settlement. Replenishment Aug- mentation. Colonization. Populatiou. Propagation. Increase. External, adj. Externus, extra. Outside. Synonyms and Antonyms. 169 Srs. Outer. Apparent Manifest. Super- ficial. Visible. Palpable, Ant. Inner. Internal, Inapparent, Hidden. Inmost. Intestine, ExTiNOTiON, n, Exstrnguei'dy to put out. To destroy the life of a person or body. Applied also metaphorically, as, for in- stance, to customs. Stn. Destruction. Stifling. Suffocation, i I >eath. Cessation. Aunibitation. Obso- lescence. Ant, Origination. Inception. Planting. Birtb. life. Course. Operation. Action. Exercise. Prosperity. Continuance. Sur- vival, Extinguish, u. tr. See Ex- tinction. " Sys. Abolish. Destroy. Extirpate. Eradicate. Kill. Quench. Annihilate. AsT. Implant Replenish. Cherish. Promote. Invigorate. Propagate. Establish. Confirm. Secure. EXTHtPATE, V. tr. EXf OUtf and stivpSj a stem. To pull up by the stem. See Eradicate. Extol, v. tr. Ex and toUere, to raise. To raise in laudation. To exalt in praise. See Praise. ExTOET, V. tr. Ex and tor- guercj to twist or wring, tortus. Comp. Torture. Srs, "Wring. Express. Squeeze out. Wrench. Wrest. Extract. Ant. Coax. Wheedle. Cajole. Cheat, Extortionate, adj. Given to extorting. See Extort. Also applied to the thing which is the subject of extortion. SrN. Hard. Close-fisted. Severe. Rigo- rous. Exacting. Exorbitant. Preposterous, Monstrous, Ant. Liberal. Indulgent. Bountiful. Reasonable. Fair. Moderate. Extract, v. tr. Ex and tra- iler e, tract us J to draw. Stn. Draw. Educe. Take out. Gather. Quote. Collect Extort Airr. Replace. Insert. Restore. Im- pose. Incorporate, Reinsert Extraneous, adj. Lat. ex- traueuSf extra, without Comp. Stranger. Stn. Extrinsic. External. Foreign. Outside, Alien. Unconnected. Unrelated. Ascititious, Adventitious. Ant. Intrinsic. Internal. Vital. Con- nected. Essential. Extraordinary, adj. Extra ordinem. Beyond or beside the common rank or run of things. Syk. Unwonted. Uncommon. Pecu- liar. Unusual. Unprecedented. Wonderful, Marvellous. Prodi^ous. Monstrous, Pre- {Kisterous. A»T. Wonted. Common. Usual. Or- dinary. Frequent Unremarkable. Unim- portant Extravagant, ■ adj. Extra and vagari, to wander, vagus^ Conn. Yague. Which wanders from or exceeds the boundaries of propriety or moderation in thought or management. Sth. Wild. Monstrous. Preposterous, Absurd, Prodigal. W asteful.- Reekie^, Abnormal. AST. Sound. Sober. Consistent Ra- tional. Fair. Economical. Frugal. Care- ful. Regular. UsuaL Extreme, adj. Extremus. Is used of that which is physically or mentally the boundary of a place or subject, and also of that which is morally indicative of excess in thought or opinion. Stn. Terminal. Final. Remote. Farthest. Last. Extravagant. Immode* rate. Ant. Initial. Primal. Moderate. J 'i- diciuus. Extremity, n. S^e Extreme. Stn. End. Termination. CloBe* Con- clusion, Ant, Beginning, Commencement Opew ing. Origin. Body. Centre. Bulk. Extricate, v. tr. Ex and triccBj minute impediments, as^ the meshes of a net, or the small feathers on the legs of birds, which catch their feet. See In- volve. Extrinsic, adj. Extrinseaus. See Extraneous. Extrude, v. tr. Ex and trudcre, to thrust. 170 Synonyms end Antonyms. Sts. Thrust out. l!;ject. Expel. Ant. Intrude. Insert. Introduce. ExUBBRANT, odj. Exuberare, vher, the udder. To teem. See Abundant. Exudation, n. Ex and sudare, to sweat. Stn. Ooze. Drip. Percnlation. Ant. Absorption. Aridity. Parching. Exude. See Exudation. Exude, v. int. See Exudation. To drip or percolate. Exultant, adj. Exvltare, from salire, to leap (for joy). Stn. Eejoicing. Elated, Jubilant. Joyous. Triumphant. Ant. Moumtul. Depressed. Dispirited. Exult, v. int. See Exultant. F. Fable n. For,fari, to sj An instructive mode of speech, having for its object prudential morality, and its vehicle an ima- ginary view of nature. Some- times used for false representa- tion. See Parable, Metaphor, Allegory, Proverb, for the differ- ences between them. SrN. Apologue Fiction. Invention. Fab- rication. Akt. History. Narrative. Fact. Fabeio, n. Fahricare, to fabri- cate, faher, a worker in hard ma- terials, a smith, a carpenter. It has come to be employed also of lighter work and manufacture, as silk and muslin. Sin. Work. Construction. EdlBce. Web. Texture. Ant. JJestruction. Dismantlement. De- molition. Fragment. Wreclj. Tatters. Kuin. Hugs. Shreds. Fabeioatb, V. tr. See Fabric. Also used for the work of fic- titious composition. Syn. Construct. Ma.^e. Form. Fcr^a Invent. Falsify. Misrepresent. Akt. Demolish. Tear. Spoil. Lacerate. Dismember. Destroy. Narrate. Copy. Represent. Portray. Eepeat. Fabulous, adf. See Fable. Stn. Fictitious. Incredible. False. Mon- strous. Ant. Actual. Beat Historic. Authentic^ Reasonable. Fair. True. Face, n. Fades. '. Aspect. Facetious, adj. Facetia, wit. Stn. Witty. Funny. Humorous. Droll. Jocose. Ant. Heavy. Matter-of-fact. Dull. Grave. Serious. Lugubrious. Sombre. Saturnine. Facile, adj. Facilis. Easy to perform, and also easy to manage or influence. Stn. Docile. Tractable. Manageable. In- dulgent. Weak. Irresolute. Characterless. Pliable. Ant. Sturdy. Obstinate. Determined Resolute. Pig-headed. Crusty. Inflexible. Self-willed. Independent. Self-reliant. Facilitate, v. tr. See Facile and Expedite. Facility, n. See Faioile. Stn. Ease. Address. Readiness. Quick- ness. Adroitness. Ant. Labour. Effort. Awkwardness. Difflculty. Faoinoeous, adj. Facinus, oris, an atrocity. See Atrocious; Fact, n. Facere,factus, to do. A thing done. Syn. Truth. Deed. Occurrence. Circum- stance. Event. Reality. Ant. Fiction. Supposition. Falsehood. Unreality. Lie. Delusion. Chimera. In- vention. Romance. Paction, n. Factio, facere, to do a work. A party formed for working out its own interests as a section of the community. See Cabal. Factious, adj. Given to faction or opposition. Syn. Oppositions. Exceptious. Litigious. Crusty. Malcontent Adversative. Ant. Agreeable. Genial. Complaisant. Amenable. Loyal. I'ublic-spirited. Har- moniuos. Co-operative. Auxiliary. Sym- Duthetic. Synonyms and Antonyms. Factiitocs, adj. See Factious. Formed by art, and referred to an artificial standard. Srs. Artlflclal. Affected. Euphulstic. ConTentional. Cramped. Finical. Ascili- tious. Spurious. Akt. Natural. Uoaffectecl. GeniaL Truth- ful. Genuine. Pure. Faohmt, n. Faciiltas, facere, to do. A natural power which enables us to do a thing. See Capability. Used technically of a branch of science or art. Facunditt, n. Facundus, elo- quent. See Eloquence. Fade, v. int. Old Eng. Vade, from Lat. Vadere, to go. Sth. Fall. Fail. Decline. Sink. Droop. Dwindle. Vauish. Change. Pale. Bleach. Set Etiolate. AwT. Rise. Increase. Grow. Bloom. Flourish. Abide. Stand. Last. Endure. Fading, Faded, part. See Fade. Fag, v. Sax. fcege, weah. Syk. Work. Toil. Slave. Drudge. Ant. Bask. Idle, Lounge. Dawdle. Strike. Fail, f oiler e, to decline or fail. Used actively with of or in. Syn. Fall. Miss. Trip. Lose. Ant. Succeed. Exceed. Surpass. Excel. Achieve. Abound. "Yield. Fain, adj. and adv. Sax. fagen, glad. See Glad and Gladly. Faint. Old Fr., from Lat. fingtre, to feign. Feigning so as to escape work, thence weary even after work performed. Fr. se feindre. Also used of the ob- jects which have been faintly treated, as faint writing, or which have become faint by time or other causes. SrN. Weak. Languid. Fatigued. TJn- energetic. Timid. Irresolute. Obscure. Dim. Pale. Faded. Inconspicuous. Akt. Strong. Vigorous. EnerRPtic. fVosh. Daring. Resolut'-. Prominent. Marked Conspicncus. Glaring. 171 Fair, adj. BBX.fager. Syn. Open. Clear. Spotlfss. Unblem- ished. Serene. Beaalirul. Just Honour- able. Equitable. Ant. l.,owerinp. Dull. Foul. Dis- figured. Ugly. Unfair. Dishonourable. Fraudulent. Fairly, adv. See Fair. Fairness, n. See Fair. Faith, n. Lat. fides. See Be- Hef. Faithful, adf. See Faith. Stn. True. Firm. Attached. Loyal. Accurate. Close. Consistent. Correspon • dent. Exact. Equivalent Akt. False. Fickle. Capricious. Wa* Tering. Inaccurate. Untrue. Faithless. Inexact Falcation, vi.. Falciform, adj. Falxy a reaping-hook. See Ctixve. Fall, V. int. Bs:x.faUan^ Syn. Drop. Descend. Decline. Gravi- tate. Sink. Lapse. Ant. Rise. Ascend. Soar. Mount CUnib. Recover. Fallacy, n. Fallacia, fall-re, to deceive. A logical error. Used also for error of reasoning or conception generally. Syn. Sophistry. Error. Blunder. Mis- conception. Bugbear. Fiction. Delusion Chimera. / Ant. Tnith. Verity. Fact Logic. Argument. Soundness. Proof. PcBtulate, Axiom. Fallible, adj. See Fallacy. Syn. Erring. Uncertain. Weak. Ig- norant. Ant. Infallible. Certain. Omniscient Unerring. Fallow, adj. Sax. . Conn with the Lat. flavus. Supposed to represent the yellow-brownish colour of some lands when turned up by the plough. Ploughed, but not sown. Used metaphori- cally. Stn. Quiescent Idle. Unaii^'vaied. Unproductive. Untilled. Ant. Cultivated. Worked. Tilled. Sown. Productive. Ojiratlve, Prolific. FruittoL 172 Synonyms and Antonyms. FAc,SK, adj. Fallere,falsus, to deceive, SvN. Untrae. Erroneous. Fallacious. Sophistical, Spurious. Deceptive. Dis- honuurable. Faithless. AsT. Trae. Correct. Sound. Conclu- sive. Authentic. H«al. Genuine. Candid. Honourable. Faithful. Falsehood, n. See False. Syn. Untruth. Error. Fallacy. So- phistry. Deception. Forgery. Lie. Cheat. Ajjt. Trutli. Correctness. Verity. Fact. Authenticity. Grenuineness. Honesty. Honour. Reality. Palsify, V. tr. See False. Stn. Mistake. Misinterpret. Misre- present. Belie. Betray. Garble. Cook. Ant. Verify. Correct. Rectify. Certify. Check. Justi^. Exhibit. Publicate. Ex- pose. Declare. Falter, v. int. Spelt also Faulter. See False. SvN. Halt. Hesitate. Hobble. Slip. Dubiiate. Stammer. Demur. Flinch. ViicilUite. Axt. Proceed. Run. Speed. Flow. Discourse. Determine. Persevere. Resolve. Career. Fame, n. Fama. Report, both good and ill, but now used of honourable renown, except when qualified by some addi- tional expression. It is also used of Eeport, irrespective of per- sons. Sfn. Report. Rumour. Bruit. News. Tidings. Renown. Glory. Honour. Lau- rels. Celebrity. AifT. Silence. Suppression. Hush. Dis- grace. Dishonour, l^repute. Famellab, adj. Familia, the household, including the famuli, or seruants. Said of things and peraons. Syw. Household. Common. Every-day. Accustomed. Conversant. Intimate, Ant. Uncommon. Rare. Strange. Ex- traordinary. Unaccustomed. Unacquainted. New. Inconversant. Unfamiliar. Family, n. See Familiar. Used scientifically as a metaphor for class and order. Famous, adj. See Fame. Stn. Renowned. Glorious. Celebnted Illustrious. Ant. Inglorious. Unknown. Obscure. Unrenowned. Unsung. Fan, v. tr. Lat. vannus, win- nowing fan. Used metaphori- cally for excite, from fanning a flame. See Allay. Fanatic, n. See Fanaticism. Syn. Euthusiast. Bigot. Ant. Sceptic. Unbeliever. Cynic. Fanatical, adj. See Fanati- cism. Fanaticism, n. Fanaticm, fanum, a temple. Excitement, as by some deity into a state of frenzy. Sra. Frenzy. EnthUBiasm. Supersti- tion. Bigotry. Ant, Indifference. Latitudinarianism. Disbelief. Profanity. Disregard. Scepti- cism. Coldness. Cynicism. Fanciful, adj. U8, adj. See Fatuity, 174 Synonyms and Antonyms. Fault, n. Fallere, to deceive^ stumble, or slip. Used of what is ■wrong or deficient in matters of construction, arrangement, cha- racter, conduct, statement, rea- soning, and belief. Stn. Defect Error. Omission. Blem- ish. Want, Drawback. Akt. Sufficiency. Correctness. Com- pleteness. Perfection. Fa-oltlbss, adj. See Fault. SvN. Complete. Perfect. Correct, Ac- curate. Ant. Incomplete. Imperfect. Incorrect. Inaccurate, Detective. Corrupt. Erroneous. Faulty. Faulty, adj. See Fault. Favoue, tc. Favor, favere, to favour. Stn, Permission. Grace. Concession. Predilection. Gift. Condescension. Pre- ference, Boon. Countenance. Patronage. Akt. Refusal. Denial. Prohibition, Disfavour. Withdrawal. Withholding. Fawn. Disapproval. Injury. Discountenance. Favourable, adj. See Favour. Syk, Permissive. Indulgent. Propi- tious. Concessive. Partial. Fond. Libe- ral. Ant. Reluctant. TJnpropitious. Un- favourable. Impartial. Favouritism, n. See Favour- able. Syn. Partiality. Invidiousness. Ant. Odiura. Prejudice. Antipathy. Fawn, o, int. Sax. Conn, with Fain. Pretend, followed by the prep. Upon. Stn. Flatter. Wheedle, Cajole, Cringe. Glaver. Slaver. Ant. Insult Deride. Satirize. Cen- sure. Rebuke. Reprimand. Defy. Dare. Fealty, n. See Fidelity. Fear, n. Sax. far. Stn. Apprehension. Solicitude. Alarm, fright. Dread. Terror. Misgiving. Horror. Timidity. Awe, Ant. Assurance. Confidence. Courage. Fearlessness. Trust. Boldness. Fearful, adf See Fear. In- fluenced by fear, and inspiring fear : the former is becoming ob- solete. Stn. Timid. Cautious, Sbrtnkiiif^ Hesitating, Terrible. Awful Hoi-rible. Dreadful. Ant, Bold. Venturesome. Confident Audacious. Consolatory. Inspiriting. As- suring. All uring. Attractive. Hopeful. Invitmg, Fearless, adj. See Fear and Courageous. Feasible, adj. Facere, to do, Stn. Possible. Manageable. Cbntriv- able. Permissible. Ant. Impossible, Unallowable. Feat, n. Facere, factum. Em- phatically a thing done. See Achievement. Featly, adv. See Feat. Stn. N'eatly, Cleverly, Dexterously, Adroitly. Ant. Clumsily, Hardly, Bungllngly. Feature, n. Factura, facere, a making or formation. Some- thing which belongs to a whole as a part and indication, and goes to make it up. Stn. Component. Element, Character- istic. Indication. Portion. Mark. Linea- ment., Sign. Ant, Whole. System. Countenance. Case. Arrangement. (Here the Antonym is the Correlative.) Misindicati"n. Fal&ifi- cation. Excrescence. Blind. Musk. Dis- guise. Federation, n. See Con- federacy. Feeble, adj. Old Eng. Conn. with flebilis, flere, to iveep. Piti- able on account of wretched- ness, and thence wretched or weak. Applied to persons, efforts, and the results of efforts. Stn. Wretched. Weak. Poor, Faint. Infirm. Incomplete. Vain, Fruitless. Scanty. Pitiable. Ant. Strong, Robust. Active. Effec- tive. Successful. Abundant, Feeling, n. Feel. Ssx.felan, to touch. Used both of physical sensation and emotion of mind. Stn. Touch. Sensation. Contact. Emo- tion. Sentiment. Passion. Sensitiveness. Ant. Insensibility. Callousness. Im- pprturbability. Inexcitability. Coldness. J tismsatenesfl. Synonyms and Antonyms. 175 Feign, v. tr. Fr. feindre, Lat. fingere. See Pretend. FiONT, n. See Feign and Pre- tence. Felicitate, v. tr. Felix, fnrtuiiate. To sympathize on tlie score of good fortune. See Oongratulate. Felicitous, adj. See Felici- tate. Stn. Happy. Timely. Successful. Op- portune. Joyous. Ant. Unfortunate. Unhappy. Un- timely. Unsuccessful. Disastrous. Inop- portune. Sad. Felicity, n. See FeKcitons. Fell, adj. Celtic, fed. Stit. Cruel. Barbarous. Inhuman. Savage. Bloody. Direful. Truculent. AsT. Generous. Chivalrous. Humane. Lenient. Propitious. Fell, v. tr. Sax. fellan. Conn, with Fall. To cut down, as a tree, or a forest. Stn. Cut. Level. Prostrate. Demolish. Subvert. Waste. Bare. Ant, Plant. Erect. Support. Propa- gate. Stock. Upraise. Rear. Fellow, n. Saxon. Conn, with Follow. One who follows another. Stn. Companion. Adherent. Member. Match. Tally. Correlative. Partner. Friend. Associate, Ant. Foe. Opponent, Stranger. Mis- match. Opposite. Antagonist. Fellowship, n. See Fellow. Stn. Association. Membership. Com- pany. Partoetship. Sociality. Ant. Severance. Disconnection. Dis- memberment. Felonious, adj. Of the nature of felony. Felo, Law Lat. for felon. Felony is, in law, distin- guished speoiflcally from misde- meanour, but has a broader sense popularly. See Criminal. Femininb, adj. Femina, a woman. Womanly. Stn. Delicate. Womanly. Tender Modest. Sofu Ant. Bobust. Manly. Indelicate. Rud& Rough. Unf'eminine. Fence, v. tr. Fendere, to fend. Comp. Defence. Has the double sense of fencing in and fencing off. Stn. areumscribe. Enclose. Protect Elude. Parry., Stave. Ant. Opea Disenclose. Catch. Receive. Suffer. Ferinb, adj., Ferity, n. Fera, a wild beast. See Savage. Ferment, f. ini. Fervimentum, fermentum, iroia fervere, to he hot, or seethe. Used metaphorically of feelings and designs. Stn. Seethe. Concoct. Brew. Warm. Chafe. Effervesce. Fester. Rankle. Ant. Damp. Cool. Dissipate. Subside Disperse. Evaporate. Heal. Ferocity, n. Ferox, ferocious. See Fierceness. Fertile, adj. Fertilis, from ferre, to hear or produce. Used of natural productiveness and moral causativeness, also of the power of imagination and inven- tion. Stn. Rich. Luxuriant. Productive, Exuberant Causative. Cpuducive. Preg- nant Fraught. Prolific. Ingenious. In- ventive. Ant. Poor. Sterile, Barren. Unpro- ductive. Ineffective. Inconducive. Fruit- less. Inoperative. Uninventive. Unima- ginative. Fervour, n. See Ferment and Ardour. Fester, v. int. See Ferment. Festive, adj. Festivus,festum, afeait or holiday. Syn. Convivial. Jovial. Gay. Merry. Akt. Solitary. Deserted. Ascetic. Gloomy. Festivity, n. See Festive. Fetch, v. tr. Feliat. To bring. See Bring. Fetid, adj. F tidus, St'ak- 176 Synonyms and Antonyms. Syk. StlnWiig. Cornipt. Foul. Ant. Inodorous. Fresh. Perfumed. Scented. Balmy Fbttee, v. tr. CJoim. with Teet, as manacle with manus, the hand. Syn. Manacle. Restrain. Hinder. Clog. Impede. Shackle. Ant. Free. Liberate. Expedite. Ac- celerate. rBUD, n. Sax. Conn, with Foe and Fiend. An enmity, but especially of a domestic or social character, and perpetuated. Stn. Enmity Antipathy. Animosity. Qiiarrel. Strife. Bitterness. Dissension. Hostility. Ant. Friendliness. Sympathy. Con- geniality. Clanship. Pacification. Recon- ciliation. Sociality. Neighbourliness. Fevbr, n. Febris. Used me- taphorically. Syn. Heat. Ardour. Fervour. BrolL Flush. Ferment, Passion. Ant. Coolness. Composure. Frigidity. Iciness. Indifference. Few. Sax./ea. Scand. word, conn, with Lat. paucns. Syn. Scant. Rare. Lacking. Asv. Many. Abundant. Numerous. Fibre, n. Fr. fibre, Lat. fihra. Used metaphorically for strength. Syw. Strength. Sinews, Thews. Tough- ness. Ant. Laxity. Debility. Flabbiness. Fickle, adj. Sax. ficol. Light of touch; crafty. The mobility of the word survives the crafti- ness which produced it; the hghthandedness having died out of the expression. Sis. Fanciful. Fitful. Capricious. Irresolute. Changeable. Vacillating. Mu- table; Unreliable. Veering. Shifting. Abt. Sober. Oiderly. Reliable. Well- regulated, Calculable, iTUStwortUy. Steady. Uniform. Fiction, n. Fingere, fictus, to /ejgn. Syn. Invention. Fabrication. Creation. Flgmpnt. Fable. Aht. Fact. Truth. Verity. Reality. FiOTiiious, ac^'. See Fiction, .'^YN'. Unreal. Supposititious. Sptirloai Imaginary. A.VT. Real. True. Historical, Genuine. Authentic, Veritable. Fidelity, n. Fidetis, faithful, fides, faith. Expresses regard to an object of allegiance, which is fealty; and of imitation or re- production, which is accuracy. Syn. Fealty. Attachment. Truthfulness. Allegiance. Accuracy. Closeness. Exact- ness. Ant. Treachery. Disloyalty. Disaffec- tion. Untruthfulness. Inaccuracy. Inex- actness. Infidelity. Field, n. Sax. f eld. Ground that has been felled or cleared of timber for cultivation. The word is used metaphorically, as a space or basis of delineation, or a ground of thought or action. Sth. Ground. Scope. Province. Areia. Scene. Opportunity. Room. Ant. Circumscription. Constraint. Ex- cltision. Debarment. Interdiction. Fiendish, adj. Fiend, Sax. fian, to hate. See Angelic. irtBECB, adj. Jjatferus. Six. Wild. Savage. Violent. Raging. Fiery. Akt. Mild. Tame. Docile. Harmless. Calm. Gentle. Fleecbness, n. See Fierce. FiEBT, adj. Fire. Sax. fyr. Conn, with Gr. irip fire. Syk. Hot Vehement. Ardent. Fer- vent Fierce. Passionate. Irascible Choleric. Excited. Enkindled. Ant. Cold. Icy. Indifferent Phleg- matic. Passionless. Unimpassioned. Mild Quenched. Extinguished. Tame. Fight, n. Sax.feoht. Syn. Battle. Contention. Struggle. Ant. Pacification. Reconcillalion. Figurative, adj. Figura, a figure. Li the sense of a figure of speech, a metaphorical form of words, Syn. MetaphoricaL Tropical. PoeticaL Rhetorical. Ant. Literal. Prosaic UnpoetlcaL Un« metaphorlcaL Figure, n. S?e Figurativft Synonyms and Antonyms. 177 Technically, the delineation of an arithmetical symbol or nu- meral. Stn. Aspect. Condition. Appearance. Form. Symbol. Metaphor. Delineation. Illnstration. Airr. Misrepresentation. Defonnity. DiBfigurement. Filch, v. tr. Goth. filJianj to hide or bury. To take furtively. See Cabbage. FiLB, V. Sax. To use the file or rasp for the purpose of smoothing ; hence, to improve by imparting a polish and finish. To file, in the sense of foul, as in the word defile, is also Saxon, but of different etymology. To file, as soldiers do, is the Latin filunij a thread. To move off in a line or series. Stn. Rasp. Polish. Smooth. Finish. Perfect. Improve. Refine. Ant. Roughen. Jag. Denticulate. Acuminate. Barb. Cusp. Notch. Filiation, n. See Affiliation. Fill. Sax. fyllan, act. and neut. Srw. Replenish. Supply. Satisfy. Gorge. Glut. Occupy. Appoint. Rise. Swell. Grow. Expand. Increase. Ant. Exhaust. Deprive. Drain. Dis- satisfy. Stint. Vacate. Misappoint. Sub- side. Shrink. Ebb. Evaporate. Diminish. Filter, v. tr. and int. Lat. ftltTurfhy or feltrwm^feLty a woollen cicth used as a strainer. Stn. Strain- Percolate. Refine. DistH Ouze. Exude. Leak. Depurate. Defecate. Clarify. Ant. Befoul. Muddle. Disturb. Thicken. Filth, n. Sax. Conn, with Foul and File, as in Defile. Filthy, adf. See Filth. Stn. Dirty. Nasty. Foul. Ant, Pure. Sweet. Clean. Filtration, n. See Filter. Fimbriated, adj. Fimhriaj a fringe. Stn. Fringed, lasselled. t'llame toov Ant. Bound. Hemmed. Unfi nged. Selvedged. Final, adj. Finis, the end. Stn. Terminal. Conclusive. Definitlvf Developed. Ultimate. Ant. Initiative. Open. Unconcluded Progressive. Continuous. Current. In- cipient Inaugural. Inchoate. Rudi mental. Nascent. Finality, n. See Final. Find, v. tr. Sax. findan. Stn. Meet. Confront. Perceive. Dis- cover. Furnish. Invent, Ant. Miss. Elude. Overlook. I^ose Withhold. Withdraw. Miscontrive. Fine, adj. A Northern word ; but conn, with the Lat. jitiis. Haying the fineness of finish; but applied from that point very widely, so as to express artistic, moral, social, and intel- lectual refinement The term is also used disparagingly, in the sense of over-fine, or affecting undue fineness. Stn. Thin. Minute. Smooth. Filmy Gauzy. Keen, Artistic. Choice. Finish^-d High. Grand, Noble. Sensitive. Refined Generous. Hon ou rable. Pre ten tious. Os- tentatious. Presumptuous. Nice. Casuib- tical. Subtle. Ant. Coarse. Large. Rough. Blunt Rude. Unfinished. Mean. Petty. Il- liberal. Unimposing. Paltry. Modest Unaflected. Affable. Categorical. Plain- spoken. UnanalyticaL TTnreflective. In- dissecttve. FiNBRY, n. See Fine, disparagingly of over-ornamenta- tion in dress or furniture. Stn. Over-ornament. Tawdriness. Tinsel. Gewgaw. Trinkets. Trash. Dressiness. Bedizenment. Amt. Ornament. Dress. Decoration. Adornment Chastity. Simplicity. So* briety Finical, adj. See Fine. Af- fecting refinement on a small scale and unsuccessfully. Stn. Affected. Dallying. Factitious, Eaphuistic. Amt. Unaffected. Effective. ' Tactical. Energetic. Real. Genuine. Natural Outspoken. Blunt. Coarse. Rude. N 178 Synonyms and Antonyms. Finish, v. tr. and int. Finis. To bring to an end. Stn. Complete. Conclude. Achieve. End. Shape. Terminate. Ant, Begin. Commence. Start. Un- dertake. Fail. Miscontrive. Mismanage. Botch. Mar. Finished, adj. See Finish. Add. Stn. Artistic. Perfect. High. Eefined. Ant. Inartistic. Incomplete. Bude. Poor. Coarse. Unfinished. Finite, adj. See Finish. SrN. Limited. Bounded. Restricted. Ant. tJnlimited. Unbounded. Infinite. jFirb, n. See Fiery. Used metapliorically. Firm, adj. Mrmus. Used physically and morally. &TS. Fast. Secure. Strong. Established. Rooted. Immovable. Resolute. Deter- mined. Fixed Attached. Ant. Loose. Insecure. Weak. Ill- rooted. Tottering. Vacillating. Irresolute. Ductile. Exorable. Indulgent. Wavering. DisafTected. Unreliable. First, ordinal adj. Sax. Conn, with For, Forward, and pro, as in the word Promote. It indi- cates primacy of position, rank, and importance. Stn. Leading. Foremost Principal. Highest. Chief. Earliest. Onmost. AST. Subsequent. Secondary. Subor- dinate. Subservient. Lowest. Unim- portant. Last. Hiodmost. Fit, adj. Comp. Featly. Made with adaptation, but as an ad- jective, rather used of moral than material adaptation, except when followed by /or. Syn. Eight. Decent Fitting, Adapted. Seemly. Appropriate. Suitable. Prepared. Adequate. Calculated. Contrived. Ex- pedient Proper. Ripe. Ant. Awkward. Ungainly. Misfitting. Ill-suited. Unseemly. Inappropriate. Un- guitable. Unprepared. Inadequate. Mis- calculated. Miscontrlved. Inexpedient. Improper. Unfit. Fitful, odj. Not to be con- founded with Fit. as above. Fit, the noun^ is connected with Fight, Struggle, Convulsion. So, Fitful is showing itself in de- sultory effort. Stn. Capricious. Desultory. Fanciful, Unequal. Irr^ular. Ant, Regular. Equable. Systematic. Orderly. Calculable. Fitness^ n. See Fit. Fitting, adj. See Fit. Fix, v. tr. Figere,fixus. Used physically and metaphysically, as, to fix in the memory. Sth. Place. Settle. Locate. Plant Root. Establish. Secure. Determine. De- cide. Ant. Displace, Unsettle, Disarrange, Remove. Uproot. Transfer. Transplant Disestablish. WeakeiL Shake. Reverse. Disturb. Change. Unfix. Flaccid, adj. Lat. Jktccidus, another form offlaccits, drooping. Syn. Flabby. Limber. Lax. Tabid. Ant. Firm. Muscular. Braced, Plump. Chubby. Brawny. Flag, v. int. See Flaccid. To grow weary; become flaccid in the muscles, and generally to droop. Stn. Droop. Fine. Weary. Tire. Give in. Faint. Sncxiumb. Ant. Hold. Freshen. Flourish. Pfi- severe. Battle. Struggle. Persist. Recniit Recover. Flagitious, adj. Flagitium, a diagraceful act. Stn. Faciiiorous. Atrocious. Enormous. Monstrous. Disgraceful. Nefarious. Scan- dalous. Flagrant Heinous. Aggraviited. Ant. Noble. Creditable. Honourablf. Meri torious. Disthaguished. Pardonable. Justifiable. Excusable. Extenuated. Flagrant, adj. Flagrare, fo hum. Comp. Conflagration. Said of acts done in the heat ol exces - sive passion, which is also the derivation of flagitious. See Fla- gitious. Flame, n. Flamma. Used metaphorically. See Fire. Flaming, adj. See Flame. Flaking, adj. Flare, h\m Hynonyms and Antonyms. 179 flare, to htow into a flame ; or to blow as a flame or furnace. Comp. Blast. Used metaphori- cally of undue conspiouousness. fjYN. FlamiDg, Glaring. CoDSpicuous. Gaudy. Bright Over-coloured. FLaunliDK. Flashy. Amt. Toned. Subdued. Harmonized. DulL Dim. Dowdy. Dingy. Keutral. Colourless. rLASiTT, adf. From Hash, which was from Fr. fleche a feu, a lighted arrov), shot from the walls, to light up the doings of the besieging party. See Flaring. Flat, adj. Comp. Germ, plat, and Gr. Trkaris. Used meta- phorically. Sttt. Dull. Tame. Insipid. Vapid, Spiritless. Ajtt. Exciting. Animated. Interesting. Thrilling. Sensational. Flatter, v. tr. Conn, with Flat. To make flat. To smoothe down. Stn. See Fawn. Flattbbek, n. See Flatter. Flaunt, v. tr. and int. Celtic. SrN. Boast. Vaimt. Flutter. Flounce. Display. Flourish. Parade. Figure. Flout. Ant. Suppress, Conceal. Retire. Ke- tede. Skulk. Hide. Shrivel. Collapse. Furi. Flavouk, n. Der. uncertain. Fragare, for flagrare, to emit a srn.ell or fragrance. Applied sometimes to objects of smeU, but commonly to those of taste. Sra. Taste. Savour. Smack. Odour. Amt. Insipidity. Tastelessness. Mawfc- tehness. Inodourousness. Scentlessness. Flaw, n. Sax. jloh, fragment or chip. See Blemish, Flee, v. int. Sax. fieon. See Escape. Act. and neut. Fleece, v. tr. Sax. flys. Used analogously for strip. Stn. Strip. Despoil. Shear. Akt. Invest. Endow Kudua Fleet, adj. Set Fleet aud Swift. Fleeting, adj. See Fleet and Ephemeral. Fleshy, adj. Sax. Jlasc, lard. Fat. See Fat, Flexible, adj'. Flectere, to lend, flexus. Easily bent. Used metaphorically of character. Sth. Pliant. Lithe. Supple. Elastic. Easy. Indulgent Ductile. Ajit. Tough. Bigid. Inelastic. In flexible. Hard. Inexorable. Flexion, n. See Flexible and Curve. Flexubb, n. See Flexion. Flicker, v. int. Sax. Conn, with Fly, Flutter, and Fledge. Sm. Flutter. Quiver. Bicker. Falter, Waver. Ghmmer. Shimmer. Scintillate. Ant. Stream. Blaze. Gleam. Shine Beam. Flight, n. See Flee. Syw. Volitation. Departure. Escape. Evasion. Disappearance. AuT. Eecurrence. Return. ance. Perching. Alighting. Repose." Flighty, adj'. See Flight and Eccentric. Flimsy, adj. Supposed to be conn, with Limp, So beiog ori- ginally limpsy. Used meta- phorically for that kind of pre- text which is so thin that it may be seen through. Stn. Gauzy. Poor. Thin. Transparent Trifling. Trivial. PaerQe. Inane. Ant. Solid. Sound. Irrefragable. Sub- stantial. Cogent. Flinch, v. int. Probably cor^ rupt. from Blench. Stn. Blench. Swerve, Wince. RecniL Ant. Dare. Face. Bear. Meet En- dnre. Fling, v. tr. Allied to fligere. To strike or cast. Stn. Cast Throw. Emit Hurl Ejaculate. Ant. Snatch. Grasp. Hold. Keejx I^tain. Arrest K 2 180 Synonyms and Antonyms. Flippant, adj. From flip, as to flip about a whip. Dealing with words easily, playfully, and thoughtlessly, commonly with satire or disrespect intermixed. Stn. Pert. Saucy. Malapert. Ant. Flattering. Servile. Obsequious. Accurate. Considerate. DeferentiaL Com- plimentary. Respectful. Flit, v. int. Conn, with Flee, Flutter, and Fleet. See Flutter. Flitting, adj. See Flutter. Float, v. int. Sax. Jleotan. Used metaphorically. Syn, Swim. Spread. PrevaiL Ant. Sink. Drown. Die. Vanish. Founder. Flock, v. Sax. flocc, a flock of sheep ; floccus, wool. Comp. Flake, a piece of knotted wool. Syn. Herd. .Congregate. Assemble. Crowd. Ant, Disperse. Scatter. Separate. Se- gregate. Flock, n. See Flock, verb. Flood, n. Sax. flod. Conn. with Float. Syn. Deluge. Inundation. Abundance. Ant. Drought. Drain. Ebb. Scarcity. Subsidence. Flokid, adj. Floridus, flos, oris, a flower. Having the bright colour of a flower, or over-orna- mented. Syn. Rubicund. Sanguine. Ornate. Overwrought. Meretricious. Amt. Pallid. Exsanguineous, Bare. Unadorned. Nude. Sober. Chaste. FL0TrNCi!,i).m!!. Northern word. Conn, with Plunge. See Flaunt. FloTOiDER, v. int. Allied to Flounce. Syn. Roll. Blunder. Bungle. Boggle. Wallow. Tumble. Ant. Emerge, Flow. Course. Career, Speed. Rise. Flourish. Skim. Floueish, V. tr. and int. Flo- rescere, flos, a flower. Syn. Prosper. Thrive. Speed. Triumph. Brandish. Ant. Fail. Fade. Decline. Miscarry, foimder. Arrest Sheath. Ground. FliOUT, V. inf. See Flaunt Flow, «.««#. ,lja,t.fluere Syw. stream. Issue. Progress. «lide. Course. Career. Run. Ant. Halt. Stick. Stickle. Stop. Hesi- tate. Fail. Stint. Beat. RecoiL Regur- gitate. Ebb. Flower, n. Flos, floris. Used metaphorically. Syn. Perfection. Acme. Pride. Orna- ment, Gem, Cream. Ant. Disappointment Deformity. Blot Abortion. Scum. Dregs. Blight Flowing, adj. See Flow. Used literally and metaphori- cally. Stn. Copious. Abundant Fluent Ex- uberant. Easy. Eloquent Ant. Dribbling. Dry. Strained. Meagre Laboured. Unready. Difficult Fluctuate, v. int. Fluctus, a wave. To move backwards and forwards. Stw. Waver. Oscillate. Vary. Veer. Ant, Persist Abide. Stay. Stick. Adhere. Fluent, adj. See Flowing. Flummekt, n. A Welsh com- pound of sour oatmeal and milk. Poor stuff, and frothy. Stn. Nonsense. Trash. Emptiness Froth. Aht. Sense. Nourishment Satisfaction. Solidity. Reason. Flurry, v. tr. Prov. Eng. To blow a.s with a sudden breeze. Flare, to How. Syn. Agitate. Excite. Worry. Ruffle. Fluster. Ant, Soothe. Compose. Quiet Cahn. Mesmerize. Flurry, «. See verb. Fluster. Flustrwm, a swell of the sea. See Flurry, noun and verb. Fluted, adj. Flute, from flare, to blow. Shaped hke a flute, having a long groove. See Corrugate. Synonyms and Antonyms. Fluttbk, v. int. Low Germ. Jlutttrn, to move the wings ra- pidly. Stn. Vibrate. Quiver Palpitate. Flicker. Flit Ant. Percli, Boost. Nestle. Settle. Subside. Collapse. Best. Lull, Pause. Bepose. Sin]£. rnjx, n. Fluere, to flow. Es- pecially the departure of existent particles to be renewed by &esh ones. SrN, Flow. Motion. Progression. Change. Substitution. Transmutation. Ant. Stagnation. Stillness. InTartable. ness. Identity. Immutability. Crystalli- zation. Arrestation. Fly, v. int. Sax. fleogan. See Plee. Focus, n. Lat. focits, a hearth,. In optics the point of meeting for reflected or refracted rays of light. Used metaphorically. Syn. Centre. Stand-point. Rendez- vous. Convergence. Nucleus. Ant. Circle. Dispersion. Dissipation. Divergence. Fob, n. Sax. feon, to hate. Conn, with Friend. See Friend. Foggy, adj. Dan. fog, a thick fall as of snow. Used metaphorically of the senses and ideas. Syn. Confijsed. Dazed. Absent. Stupid. Hazy. Obscure. Misty. Ant. Clear. Alive. Alert. Awake. Luminous. Lucid. Bright. Shrewd. Sharp. Foible, n. See Feeble. SrN. Peccadillo. Weakness. Infirmity. Ant. Crime. Atrocity. Enormity. Sin. Foil, v. Fr. fouler, to tram- ple with the feet, beat down and disarm, or render nugatory. See Baffle and Counterfoil, which partakes of the two senses of fouler anifoUum. Foil, n. ¥1001 folium, a leaf. As tinfoil plated by jewellers be- hind precious stones to enhance their coloui'. 181 Syn. Set-off. Background. Contrast Enhancement. Setting. ELuctdation. Ant. Eclipse, Outshining. Extinction. Overshadowing. Foist, v, tr, Fr. fausser, to To pass off surrepti- tiously or unfairly upon another, Syn. Falsify. Counterfeit. Palm. Pass. -Ant. Expose. Detect. Verify. Authenti- cate. Fold, v. tr. Sas..fealdan, Syn. Double. Enfold. Embrace. In- close. Wrap. AST. Unfold. Disengage. Expose. Follow, v. tr. and int. Sax. folgicm. Act. and neut. Syn. Pursue. Chase. Accompany. Obey, Imitate. Succeed. Kesult. Ensue. At- tend. Amt. Avoid. Elude. Quit, Disobey. Precede. Cause. Produce. Abandon. Shun. Follower, n. See Follow. Syn. Partisan. Adherent. Disciple. Ant. Leader. Teacher. Antagonist Opponent. Rival. Folly, n. ^.fou, a fool Syn. Madness. Nonsense. Misconduct, Imprudence. Silliness. Ash. Sense. Wisdom. Sanity. Judg- ment. Prudence. Sobriety. Foment, v. tr, Fovimentum^ /omentum, f over e, to cherish. Syn. Excite. Fan. Cherish. Propagate, Encourage. Ant. Allay. Extinguish. Discourage. Extirpate, Quench. FoND. Part, formed of an old Eng. verbjfonnej to he foolish. To be foolishly loving. It still re- tains in one of its uses this force. Syn. Loving. Attached. Affectionate. Foolish. Silly. Weak. Doting. Empty. Ant. Unloving. Unaffectionate. Averse. Strong-minded. Austere. Rational. Well- grounded. Sensible. Undemonstrative. Fondle, v. tr. See Fond. Syn. Dandle. Pet. Caress. Ant. Tease. Wony. Annoy. Chafe. Irritate. Ruffle. Fondness, n. See Fond. Foolish, adj. See Folly. SrN. Senseless. Idiotic. Crazed, Shal- low. Weak. Silly. Injudicious. Irra- tional Absurd. Contemptible. Oljectiuii* mble. 182 Synonyms and Antonyms. Ant. Sensible. Sane. Deep. Clear- sighted. Sound. Sapacious. Strong- minded. Wise. Prudent. Judicious. Cal- culating. Advisable. Eligible. Footing, n. Sax./oi. Sttn. Standing. Status. Ant. Dislodgement. Ousting. Foppish, adj. Fop. Germ. foppev, to jeer. A supercilious coxcomb. Syw. Finical. Coxcombical. Dandified. Dre.ssy. Ant. Modest. Unassuming. Unafiected. Dowdy. Slovenly. Clownish. Fobat, n. Fr. fourage, Low Lat. fodrum, fodder. A border invasion for the sake of plunder. Sra. Raid. Sally. Inroad. Dragonnade. Escapade. AST. Flight. Retreat. Eecall. De- campment. Stampede. Foebbar, v. int. For, imply- ing negation, and Bear, which see. Sin. Abstain. Refrain. Withhold. Amt. Seek. Indulge. Forbid, v. tr. See Bid. Forbidding, adj. See Forbid. SrN. Repulsive. Deterrent. Prohibitory. Ant. Attractive. Encouraging. Allur- ing. Seductive. Permissive. FoROB, n. Yt. force, JjSit. fortis, atrovg. SrN. Power. Strength. Agency. In- strumentality. Compulsion. Cogency. Vigour. Ant. Feebleness. Weakness. Counter- action. Neutralization. Inefficiency. In- conclusivenesB. Debility. Pointleasness. Forego, v. tr. Go. Germ. gehen. Fore, for expressive of negation. Syn. Waive. Drop. Abandon. Abjure. Renounce. Ant. Claim. Assume. Vindicate. Seize. Grasp. Retain. Foreign, adj. Foraneiis,foris, out of doms. Used metaphori- cally in the sense of uncongenial or unconnected. Stk. Stranpe. Exotic. Outlandish. Alien. Irrelevant. Akt. Domestic. Native. Congenial. Pertinent. Germane. FoEKBUNNEB, «. ForG, afoie, and nm. Goth. rinrMn, to run. Stn. Predecessor. Precursor, Har- binger. Herald. Avant-courier. Ant. Successor. Follower. Foresee, v. tr. Fore, for, be- fore, and see. Sax. seen. Stn. Predict. Anticipate. Foretell. Forecast. Ant. Reflect. Remember. Recollect. RecaU. Forestall, v. tr. Sax. staU, a stand or station. To place be- fore another; to be beforehand in doing something. See Antici- pation. Fobestalmbnt, n. See Fore- j staU. j Foretell, v. tr. Fore, for ; before, and tellan. Sax. to tell. Syn. Predict Preindicate. Prognosti- cate. Forebode. Ant. Recite. Narrate. DetaiL Foeewaen, V. tr. See Warn. Forfeit, n. Foris, factum, a thing done ieyond the bounds of right, a transgression. Now the effect of such transgression. Syn. Fine. Penalty. Mulct Amerce- ment Damages. Loss. Ant. Premium. Bribe. Doucenr. Re- muneration. Compensation. Reward. Gratuity. FoREPEND, V. tr. Fore and fendere, to guard. Comp. De- fend. Syn. Stave. Obviate. Prevent Ant. Rectify. Mend. Cure. Redress. Remedy. Forge, v. tr. Fahrica, the workshop of the faher or smith. To make by a forge. Used in the primary sense of fabricate, and like fabricate in the sense also of false fabrication. Syn. Work. Frame. Produce. Ela- borate. Fabricate. Coonterfeit Feign. Falsify. Ant. Shatter. Batter. Shiver. Blast Fuse. Detect Expose. Verify. MiB- construe. Mlsrabrlcate. Misshape. Synonyms and Antonyms. 183 Forgery, w. Used in the Becondary sense of Forge. Sea Forge. Stn. Falsification. Counterfeit. Amt. Signature. Verification. Attesta- tion. Forget, v. tr. For, with the sense of negation, and Get ; Sax. gctan. To let go from the memory or the attention, some- times inyolnntarily, and some- times voluntarily. Stn. Lose. Pretermit Unlearn. Ob- liviate. Overlook. Ant. Acquire. Learn. Remember. Re- collect. Mind. Retain. Treasure. FoRGiVKj V. tr. For, negative, and Sax. gifan, to give. To give up. Specifically, a claim for compensation, or a feeling of wrong. See Pardon. Forgotten, adj. See Forget. Stn. ITnremembered. Bygone. Slighted. Overlooked. Obsolete. Ant. Remembered. Present Treasured. Guarded. Regarded, Cherished. Forlorn. Sax. forloren, part. of forleosan, to for-loose. Cast away, or apparently abandoned. Sra. Abandoned. Deserted. Forsaken. Solitary. Destitute. Desolate. Hapless. Luckless. Helpless. Disconsolate. Ant. Supported. Attended. Cherished. Protected. Befriended. Cheered, Form, v. tr. Forinare, forma. To shape, Stn. Shape. Mould, Fashion. Consti- tute. Arrange. Frame. Construct. Con- trive. Conceive. Ant. Deform. Dislocate. Distort Dissi- pata Derange. Dismember. Disintegrate. Analyze. Disorganize. Formal, odj. See Form. Ap- plied to both persons and things, and in each case meaning either, according to form, or with a strong or an undue attention to form. Stn. Befnilar. Complete. SBiapely. Sufficient Correct Stately. Dignified. Ceremonious. Pompons. Stiff. Ant. Irregular. Incomplete. Inform^ inadequate. Incorrect msy. Unassum- ing. UDceremonloQS. FoRMAiiiSM, n. See Form. Syk. Rigidity. Ceremonionsness. Pom- posity. Externalism. Parade. Punctilio. Ant, Simplicity. Unostentatiousness. Unaffectedness. Unceremoniousness. Formality, n. See Form. Stn. Ceremony. Parade. ACFeciation. Stateliness. Pnnctillousness. Etiquette. Ant. See ForuialiBm. Formation, n. See Form. Syn. Shape. Structure. Construction. Ant. Deformity. Malformation. Dis- location. Dislortion. Former, adj. Sax. forma. Meaning the same thing. Stn. Preceding. Antecedent PreviouB. Prior. Karlier. Ancient. Bygone. A>T, Succeeding. Subsequent Posterior Latter. Modem. Coming. Future. Formidable, adj. Formidn, terror. Calculated to inspire terror, especially by a display of superior strength. SrN. Awful. Terrible. Alarming. Ter- rifying. Discouraging. Serious. Ant. Despicable. Weak. Contemptibly, Light. Trivial. FoBMLBSS, adj'. See Form. Forsake, v. tr. For and Seek. To give up. ^ee Abandon. Forswear, v. tr. For and Swear. Sax. swerian, to swear. See Abjure. Forthwith, adv. Forth and With. Attendantly upon some- thing done or produced as its immediate consequence. Sin. Immediately. Directly. Ant. By-and-by. Hereafter. Soon. Presently. Fortify, v. tr. FortiSj strong, and facer e, to make. Stn. Strengthen. Confirm. Corroborate. Crarrison. Anti, Weaken. Invalidate. Dismantle. Fortitude, n. See Fortify. Syn. Courage. Endurance. Braveness. Calmness. Resignation. Hardihood. Com- posure. Ant. Timidity. FUnchtng. Impatience, Irritation. Faintness. Delicacy. EfTemi* naty. Womanfshuess. Cbildishneaa 184 Synonyms and Antonyms PoETUITOUS, adj. Fortuitus, accidental, tiovafors, chalice. Stn. Accidental. Undesigned. AitT. Designed. Purposed- ToRTUNATE, adj. FoTtuna, fortune. Stn. Lucky. Propitious. Happy. Fe- .icitous. yi.NT. Uulucliy. Unfortunate. Unlmppy. Inf'jlicitous. FoBTTOTE, 7j. See Fortunate and Chance. FoBWAED, adj. Fore, in front, and the termination.Ward. Conn. with gimrder, to look, indicatiTe of direction. In addition to the meaning of advancement, it bears the moral signification of being too much given to ad- vancing one's self as a matter of demeanour. Stn. Advanced. Ready. Eager. Anxious. Obtrusive. Self-assertive, im- pertinent. Ant. Tardy. Backward. Reluctant, ndifferent. Slow. Retiring. Mode&t FoSTBB, V. tr. Sax. fottre, a nurse, from fedan, to feed. See Cherish. Foul, adf. Fal. Conn, with the File in Defile. See Corrupt. Found, v. tr. Fundare, to found, fundus, a hottom. Stn, Establish. Institute. Groimd. Plant. Root. Ant. Disestablish, Subvert. Supplant. Uproot. Foundation. See Found. Stn. Institution. Establishment. Foot- ing. Base. Ant. Disestablishment. Superstructure. Founder, n. See Found. Stn. Author. Instituter. Establisher. Originator. Planter. Ant. Subverter. Destroyer. Founder, v. int. See Found and Sink. FbaOTIOUS, adj. Frangere, fractus. Said of those the tenour of whose demeanour breaks up easily into opposition. Stn. SnappislL Peevish. Cross. Pet- tish. Fretful. Ant. Good-humoured, Blithesome, Genial Agreeable. Complaisant. Fbagilii, adj. Frangere, to break, fragilis, easily broken. Stn. Delicate. Frail. Brittle. Weak. Akt. Tough. Hardy. Stout. Strong. Fbagmbnt, n. See Fragile, Stn. Piece. Bit Chip. Morsel. Drib, let. Scrap, Ant, Bulk, Body, Mass. Whole. Feaobant, adj. See Flagrant. Stn. Odorous. Scented. Perfumed, Balmy. Ant. Inodorous. Scentless. Fetid. Frail, adj. See Fragile, of which it is a contraction. It has a more direct application to things moral than has Fragile, which is used rather of things material. Stn. See Fragile. Add. Irresolute; Erring. Mutable. Ant. Resolute. Virtuous. Lasting. Fkame, V. tr.. Sax. fremman. See Form. Feanchisk, n. Tr. franc, free. Comp, Frank. Stn. Freedom. Liberty. Immunity. Exemption. Right. Ant. Obligation. Disability. Jurisdic- tion. Liability. DisqualificatioiL Frangible, adj. See Fragile. Frank, adj. See Franchise. Stn. Ingenuous. Candid. Open. Un- reserved. Ant. Disingenuous. Close. Reserved. Frantic, adj. For Frantic, which from Phrenetic, which from ^pfiv, the mind. Stn. Mad. Raving. Furious. Dis- tracted. Wild. Frenzied. Maniacal. Ant. Sane. Sober. Calm. Collected. Cool. Unruffled. Composed. Fraternity, n. Frater, a brother. See Brotherhood. Fraternize, v. int. See TYa- ternity, followed by prep, with Stn. Sympathize. Consort. Co-op.3ral« Akt. Renounce. Allure. Forswear. Synonyms and Antonyms. 185 FeauDj n. Fraus, fiuudis. Deception generally, with a view to one's OTvn advantage and the disadvantage of another. See Cheat. Fbaught, adj. Goth. Allied to Freight. More frequently used of nnfavourable things, as * fraught with perils.' Syn. Loaded. FulL Pregnant. Teem- mg. Abounding. Charged. Ant. Devoid. Divested. Exempt. Empty. "Wanting. Poor. Scant. Fbkakish, adj. !Preak. Goth. Syn. Sportful. Frisky. Whimsical. Fanciful. Capricious. Erratic. Ant. Steady. Sober. Demure, Un- ■whimsical. Unfanciful. Eeliable. Con- sistent. Uniform. Kquable. FrbEj adj. Saxon. Syjt. Detached. Playing, Operating. Open. Unoccupied. Unobstructed. Un- impeded. Permitted. Unhindered. Ex- empt. Gratuitous. Unconditional. Ant. Subservient. Bound. Shackled. Restricted. Clogged. Occupied. Obstructed. Impeded. Compulsory. Unlawful. Biassed. Subject. Liable. Amenable. Conditional. Qualified. Freight, n. A later form of Fraught. .S'ee Cargo. Frenzy, n. See Frantic. Stn. Fanaticism. Madness. Raving. Fury. Fire. Ant. Calm. Composure. CoUectedness. Coolness. Sanity, Sobriety. Equanimity. Frequent, adj. Freqtwns. Syn. Many. Repeated, Numerous. Recurrent. Ant. Few. Solitary. Rare. Scanty. Casual. Fresh, adj. yx.fraiche. Sra. New, Young. Yigorous. Cool. Recent. Renewed. Unimpaired, Un- tarnished. Unfaded. Blooming. Ruddy. Ant. Old. Stale. Jaded. Weary. For- mer. Stagnant. Ordinary. Original. Im- ? aired. Tarnished. Faded. Decayed. aUid. Sickly. Putrid. Mouldy. Musty. Fusty. Fret, v. int. and tr, FricarCj frictuSf to rub. Comp. Friction. See Chafe. FaaxFUL, adj. See Fret. Syn. Irritable. Fractious. Peevish. Impatient. Ant. Patient. Forbearing. Meek. Con- tented. Resigned. Unmurmuring. Friable, adj. Lat. friare, to crumble. See Fragile. Fribble, v. int. Conn, with Frivolous. See Trifle. Friction, w. Fricare, /rictus, to rub. Syn. Rubbing. Grating. Attritioa Abrasion. Contact. Ant, Lubrication. Detachment. I60la> tion. Non-contact. Friend, n. Sax. freoganj to love. It expresses every degree of acquaintance short of enmity. Syn. Associate. Companion. Acquaint- ance. Familiar. A Uy. Coadjutor. Confi- dant, Adherent. Ant. Opponent. Foe. Adversary. An- tagonist, liiemy. Fribndlkss, adj. See Friend and Forlorn. Friendly, adj. See Friend. Syn, Well-inclined. Well-disposed. Amicable. Kindly. Ant. Ill-inclined. Ill-disposed. Hostile^ Inimical. Adverse. Antagonistic, Friendship, ■«. See Friend. Fright, n. Sax. fyrhtu. Fear. See Alarm. Frightful, adj. See Fright. Syn. Terrible. Horrible. Alarming- Ugly. Hideous. Monstrous. Dreadful. Ant. Pleasing. Attractive, Fair. Beauti- ful. Encouraging. Lovely, Frigid, adj. FrigiduSj friguSj cold. Syn. Cold. Inanimate. Lifeless. Pas- sionless. AnT. Warm. Ardent Impassioned. Fringe, v. tr. Lat. Jimhria, See Fimbriated. Frippery, n. Fr. /riper, to rumple or waste. Frippery, there- fore, is primarily castroff finery, and thence finery in general. Syn. Trumpery. Finery. Tawdriness. Akt. Apparel. Costume, Unifona Dress. Decoration. Ornament. 186 Synonyms and Antonyms. Tbisk, v. int. Old Fr.f risque, fresh. Comp. Fresh. Stn. Sport. Leap. Jump. Play. Dance. WaDton. Akt. Lie. Ruminate. Rest. Repose. Roost. Mope. Sulk. Frisky, adj. See Frisk. Stn. Sportive. Playful. Wanton. Akt. Demure. Sedate. Meditative. Pensive. Fritter, v.ir. Frigerejrictum, to fry. To fritter or to break into small pieces as if for frying. Metaphorically, to trifle, or waste. Stk. Dribble. Waste. Idle. Dissipate. Ant. Economize. Husband. Cultivate. Feivolotjs, adf. Frivdlus. Applied to character and pur- suits, or objects. Sra. Trifling. Silly. Trivial. Petty. Ant. Serious. Earnest. Important. Grave. Frolic, n. Old Sax. frj,h, glad. Srs. Play. Game. Sport. Festivity. Entertainment Gambol. Ant. study. Undertaking. Purpose. Engagement. Occupation. Frolicsome, adj. See Frolic. Syn. Playful. Gamesome. Sportive. Wanton. Festive. Ant. Serious. Grave. Studious. La- ^orious. Earnest. Front, n. Frons, frontis, face (yr forehead. See Face. Froth, n. Sax. freodhan, to rub or lather. Used metaphori- cally. See Balderdash. Frowabd, adj. A contraction of Fromward, that is, puUing in a contrary direction. Stn. Contrary. Perverse. Untoward. Wayward. Etefractoiy. Ant. Favourable. Docile. Amenable, Ductile. Agreeable. Obedient Frown, v. int. Fr. se refrogner. tJsed metaphorically for Disap- prove, with the prep. upon. See Favour. Fbuotipt, v. int. Fructus, fruit, andfacere, to make Stk. Produce. Teem. Bear. Alwund. Multiply. ^ Ant. Wither. Waste. Pme. Droop. Die. Frugal, adj. Frvges, fruit, frvgi, fit }or food. First, simple in diet, and thence economical generally. Stn. Sparing. Economical. Parsi- monious. Abstinent. Abstemious. Tem- perate. Ajtt. Profuse. Luxurious. Extrava- gant. Prodigal. Self-indulgenL Intem- perate. Fruit, n. Fructus. Used metaphorically. Sth. Production. Outcome. Outgrowth Result. Consequence. Produce. Reward. Aht. Seed. Origin. Cause. Growth. Operation. Fruitful, adj. See Fruit. Snr. Productive. Prolific. Pregnant Fraught. Causative. Effectual. Useful. Successful. Aht. Unproductive. Sterile. Barren Fruitless. Ineffectual. Useless. Abortive Fruition, n. Frui, to enjoy, whence Fruit. Sm. Reaping. Attainment Eujoy' - Toi ■ ' ment. Use. Ant. Disappointment. Loss. Non- attainment Fruitless, adj. See Fruitful. Frustrate, v. tr. Frustra, in vain. To cause to be in vain. See BaflSe. Frustration, n. See Frus- trate and Disappointment. Fugacious, adj. Fugax, from fugere, to fly. Stn. Ephemeral. Fugitive. Fleeting. Transient. Ant. Persistent Perennial. Perpetual. Permanent. Fugitive, adj. See Fugacious. Fulfil, v. tr. A tautological or repetitive compound of full and fill. To fill to the full. Stn. Fill. Complete. Discharge. Verify. Ant. Neglect Ignore Disappoint Falsify. Full, aJj. Part. adj. from Fill. Sa,x.fyUan. Synonyms and Antonyms. 187 Syk. Replete. Stocked. Furnished. Satisfied. Complete. AlJT. WantiDg. Unprovided. Devoid. Destitute. Unfumished. Unsatisfied. Empty. Incomplete. FuLMlNATB. Fulmen, thunder- holt. To cast as it were the thunder of denunciation, fol- lowed by ^rep. against. Stn. Thunder. Clamour. Hoar. Voci- ferate. Denounce. Ant. Laud. Panegyrize. Eulogize. Fulsome, adj. Sax. ful. Foul, and the termination of quality. Some. Stn. Excessive. Gross. Loathsome. Nauseous. Ant. Chaste. Sober. Nice. Delicate. Fumble, v. int. Prov. Eng. Fumble, to do imperfectly. See Bungle. Fumblbr, n. See Fumble. FcME, V. int. Lat. fitmus, smoke. Syn, Vapour. Chafe. Frown. Ant. Acquiesce. Smile. Fumigate. See Fume and Smoke. ' FuNOTlON, n. Fungi, to dis- charge. Syn. OflBce. Part. Character. Capacity. Business. Administration. Discharge. Operation. Exercise. Ant. Usurpation. Maladministration. Misconduct. Misdemeanour. Functionary, n. See Func- tion. Stn. OfBciaL Officer. Servant Per- aonage. Ant. See Fmiction. Fund, n. Lat. fundus, bottom or foundation. A stock which shall be the basis of operations. Stn. Stock. Capital. Investment Ant. Expenditure. Outlay. Disburse- ment. Fundamental, adj. Punda- mentum, a foundation. Apper- taining to the foundation, and hence important. S5W. Primary. Important Indispen- sable. Essential Ant. Secondary. Unimportant. Ad- ventitious. Ascititious. Non-essential Funereal, adj. Funus, en's, a funeral. Stn. Lugubrious. Dismal. WoefiiL Sombre. Mournful. Plaintive. Deathlike, Ant. Joyous. Festive. Ridiculous. Funny. Stirring. Lively. Farcical FuNNT, adj. Sax. Fean, joys. Applied to objects and persons. Stn. Sportive. Droll. Comical. Laugh- able. Humorous. Jocose. Ridiculous. Ajtt. Dull. Tedious. Mournful. Lugu- brious. DismaL Grave. Serious. Sad. Lamentable. FUKBIBH, i». '.)'c glesian. See Glare. Glistbb, w. mi. Germ, glistern. See Glare. GiATTSSjV.int. Germ, glittern. See Glare. Gloat, v. int. Gterm. glotzen, to look. Used in an unfavour- able sense, and followed by the prep. over. Stn. Revel. Glut. Feast. AUT. Avoid. Shun. Loathe. Abomi- nate. Glombration, n. See Con- glomeration. Gloom, n. Old Eng. Comp. Glum and Gloam. Sth. Gloaming. Twilight, Obscurily, Shadow. Obscuration. Abt. Light. Radiance. Clearness. Brightness. Daylight. Glorify, v. tr. Olorm, glory, and facere, to make. To make subject of praise, or illustrious. Stt, Exalt. Honour. Elevate. Laud. Fra'.se Signalize, Magnify. Aggrandize, Ant. Depress. Debase, Abuse, Cen- sure. Degrade, Decry. Abase. Defame. Glory, n. See Glorify. Stn. Brightness. Radiance. Effnlgei^ce. Honour. Fame. Celebrity, Ant. Obscurity, Ignominy, Cloud. Dishonour, Degradation, Gloss, n. The meanings of this word seem to flow from two sources, G&cm. gleissen, to glisten, gives it that of brightness or polish ; the Gr, ykSttraa (whence Glossary), that of interpretation, but with a bias to a particular meaning. yKoeiv, to polish, has been suggested as an obsolete root of ykacraa, the tongue. Syn. Polish. Lustre, Misinterpreta- tion. Distortion, Perversion, Twist, Plea, Pretence. Speciousness. .^NT. TTebulousness. Haze. Literal- ness. Truth. Representation. Interpreta- tion. Reality. Verity. Glosb, 0. tr. See Gloss, n. Glow, v. int. Sax. glowan. See Glare. Gloze, v. tr. See Gloss. Glut, v. tr. Lat. glutire. Comp. Deglutition. •Sth. Gorge. FilL Stuff. Cram. Aht. Disgorge. Empty. Void. Glut, n. See verl. Add, Sth, Surplus, Redundancy, Super- fluity, Overstock, Ant. Scarcity. Scantiness, Drainage. Exhaustion. Dearth, Failure, Glutinous, adj. Oluten,glue. See Gelatinous. Gluttony, n. Olutton. See Glut. Syn. Greed, Gonnartdlzement. Voracity, Deglutitiun. AwT, Abstinence. Frurality. AIhIo* mlotuiness. Temperance. Yegetarianisitb O 194 Synonyms and Antonyms. Gnaw, v. tr. Sax. gnagan, to bite. Used metaphorically. SlK. Bite. Corrode. Canker. Vex. Nibble. Ahi. Sootbe. Gladden. Soften. Ease. Comfort Kefresb. Go, V. int. Sax. gangan. Germ. gehen. Comp. Gang, a nimi- ber going together. Syk. Move. Depart. Pass. Travel. Vanisb. Beach. Extend. Akt. Stand. Stay. Come. Remain. Abide. Rest. Persist. Endure. Lack. Fail. Goal, ■«. I^. gaule, a pole or winning-post. Stn. End. Scope. Aim. Termination. Close, Attainment. Consummation. Ar- rival. Ant. Commencement. Starting-point. Course. Effort. Appelitlon. Gobble, v. tr. Old Fr. gob, a morsel. Syn. Swallow. Gorge. Bolt. Ant. Disgorge. Vomit GoDLKSS, adj. Without God. See Wicked. Godliness, n. See Piety. Good, adj. Sax. god, good. Syn. Right Complete. Sound. Vir- tuous. Pious. Benevolent Propitious. Serviceable. Suitable. Efflcient Sufficient. Competent Valid. Real. Actual. Con- Biderable. Honourable. Reputable. Ant. Wrong. Imperfect Unsound. Vicious. Profane. Niggardly. Unpropi- tlous. Unserviceable. Unsuitable. In- efficient Inadequate. Incompetent In- valid. Fictitious. Supposititious. Incon- slilerable. Mean. Disgraceful, Disreput- able. Bad. Evil. Good, n. See adj. Syn. Boon. Bcne&t Advantage. Gain. Blessing. Mercy. Akt. Hurt lujury. Loss. Detriment. Evil. Disadvantage. 111. Calamity. In- fliction. Curse. Goodly, adj. See above. Syw. Pleasant Desirable. Fair. Comely. Considerable. Ant. [Jnpieaaant Undesirable. Un- comely, Inconsiderable. GoEGB, V. tr. To swallow greedily, and in large quantities. Pr. gorge, the throat. See Swal- low. Gorgeous, adj. Old Fr. gor- gias, a ruff or neckerchief. Comp. Gorge and Gorget, neck armour, thence applied to highly orna- mental array in general, and also to decorations. Sm. Magnificent Splendid. Costly Rich. Superb Ant. Poor. Nalced. Bare. Cheap, Threadbare. Dowdy. Dingy. GoKMANDiZK, V. tr. and int. Pr. gourmand, a glutton. See Gob- ble, Gossip, n. and v. int. Sax. Ood sib, relation in Ood. God- father or godmother. The re- lationship giving an opportunity of discussing domestic matters, the word Gossip Came to mean a babbler about the private affau's of others. See Babble and Bab- bler, Govern, v. tr. Ovbernare, to rule or steer. Sin. Rule. Direct Control. Moderate. Guide. Sway. Akt. Miarule. Misdirect. Miscontrol. Governor, n. See Govern. Grab, v. tr. Conn, with Grab- ble, Grapple, and Gripe, See Snatch. Grabble, i>. ml Frequent; of Grab. See Grovel. Grace, n. Gratia. Physical and moral gracefulness, the latter being shown in condescension and benevolence. Grace has sometimes the sense of endow- ment as the result of kindness or love, as in theology. Syn. Favour. Beauty. Condescenai€iv, to write or describe. Stn. Picturesque. lUuatrative, De- scriptive. Pictorial. Ant. Unpicturesque. Unillustrative. Undescriptive. Grapple, v. int. Gonn. with Grab. See Contend: Grasp, v. tr. Old Germ, grah- ben. Used physically and in- tellectually. See Grab. Stn. Seize, Hold. Clasp, Retain. Comprehend! Ant. Loose. Lose. Abandon. Re- linquish. Surrender. Release. Miss. Mis- understand. Grate, v. tr. and int. Fr. gratter. Stn. Rub. Scrape. Jar, Scratch. Ant. Glide. Slip. Slide. Lubricate. Grateful, adj. Gratus, pleu'- santj grateful. Stn. Pleasant Acceptable. Agreeable^ ThankfuL Obliged. Welcome. Ant. Un pleasant. Unacceptable. Dl v agreeable. Ungrateful. Disobliged; Gratification, n. Gratui^. ^deasantf facer e-f to make, o2 Synonyms and Antonyms. 196 Sm. Pleasnre. Enjoyment. Satisfac- tion. Xndulgeuce. AUT. Pain. Dislike. JJiaappointment. Abstinence. Abnegation. Stinting. Disci- pline. Inurement. Geatity, v. tr. See Gratifica- tion. Sis. Please. Satisfy. Indulge. Hu- mour. Ant. Displease. Dissatisfy. Disappoint. Stint. Discipline. Inure. Harden. De- prive. Deny. Gratitude, n. See Gratifica- tion. Stn. Thankfulness. Ant. Unthankfulncss. Ingi-atitude. Thanklessness. Oblivion. Resentment. Indignation. Gkatuitous, adj. Lat. gratis. Has the twofold meaning of without equivalent and without propriety; that is, uncalled for by circumstances. Stn. Free. Uncompensated. Voluntary. UnwaiTanted. Groundless. Wanton. Ant. Compulsory. Involuntary. Obli- gatory. Necessitated. Warranted. Well- founded. GsATUiTT, n. See Gratuitous. Stn. See Bonus. Gratoiation, n. See Con- gratulation. Grave, adj. Gravis, heavy. The word is not used of physical things, but events, considera- tions, circumstances, character, and demeanour. Syn. Sad. Serious. Demure. Solemn. Important. Aggravated. Heavy. Cogent. Ant. Joyous. Merry. Facetious. Ridi- culous. Unimportant. Trivial. Light. Frivolous. Futile. Gravely, n. See Grave. Graze, v. tr. Sax. gras, grass. To shave or pass lightly over. Stn. Shave. Scrape. Skim. Abrade. Shear. Ant. Strike. Impinge. Collide. En- counter. Great, adj. Sax. great. Stn. Big. Wide. Huge. Numerous. Protracted. Excellent. Magnanimous. Noble. Powerful. Exalted, Noticeable. Ant. Little. Narrow. Pony. Kew Scanty. Short. Mean. Ignoble. Weak Unimportant. Greedy, adj. Greed. Goth. gredus, hunger. Stu. Gluttonous. Voracious. Hungry Desirous. Avaricious. Ant. Abstemious. Abstinent. Indif ferent. Contented. Greet, v. tr. Sax. gretan. To address. See Address. GrbgaeiouB, adj. Orex, gregis, a Jlock. rormed of society, or living in communities. Stn. Social. Sociable. Consociatlve. Aut. Unsocial. Unsociable. Solitary. Grief, n. Lat. gravis, heavy. That which weighs heavily upon the mind. Syn. Trouble. Tribulation. AfDiction. Sorrow. Sadness. Ajrr. Joy. Exultation. Delight Ela- tion. Hilarity. Grievance, n. Gravamen, a hurden. See Grief. Stn. Burden. Injury. Complaint Trouble. Ant. OongratulatioiL Rejoicing. Boon. Benefit. Alleviation. Disburdenment Rid- dance. Privilege. Grieve, v. tr. and int. See Grief, act. and neut. Stn. Trouble. Burden. Annoy. Afflict Mourn. Lament. Complain. Deplore. Ant. Ease. Console. Soothe. Please. Rejoice. Exult Gratify. Alleviate. Gkibvods. See Grief. Stn. Sad. Heavy. Afflictive. Lamen- table. Deplorable. Sorrowful. Ant. Joyous. DelightfuL Pleasant Glad. Consolatory. Grateful. Welcome. Acceptable. Trifling. Light Trivial. Grievously, adv. See Griev- ous. Grim, adj. Sax. grimman, to rage. Stn. Fierce. Ferocious. Terriblo Hideous. Ant. Mild. Docile. Attractive. Pla:;ld Benign. Grimace, n. Sax. grima, « mask. Synonyms and Antonyms. i97 Sw. Contortion. Taunt. Sneer. Scoff. Akt. Countenance. Admiration. OlJ- servance. Respect. Regard. Gaze. Gbhee, v. tr. Sax. hrum, soot, hrim. Comp. Rime, Hoar-frost. To sully witii particles of dirt. Sin. Smear. Sully. Dirt. Smudge. AST, Cleanse. Purify. Lave. Wash. Atelerge. Beautify. Gedt, n. and v. Sax. See Cachinnation. Gbind, v. Sax. grindan, to grind. Used metaphorically. iS'ee Oppress. Gripe. Sax. gripan. Comp. Grab and Grip. To seize tightly ; to produce pain as if so seized. Stk. Grasp. Seize. Clutch. Gnaw. Pain. Squeeze. Screw. Ajtt. Aljandon. Relax. Soothe. Ease. Relieve. Griping, adj. See Gripe. Used metaphorically; also in the sense of ATaricious, which Bee. Geoas, v. int. Old Eng. Syn. Moan. Whine. Growl. Grumble. Ant. Giggle. Cackle. Chuckle. Titter. Grope, v. int. Sax. grapian. Allied to Gripe, and used in the sense of feeling after an object, and ia the dark. SzN. Feel. Search. Grabble. Fumble. Akt. Grasp. Seize. Hold. Expose. Discover. Attain. Manipuhite. Gross, adj. Ft. gros, great. Implies, 1, size, and 2, a coarse degree of it. Syn. Entire. Vulgar. Vicious, Im- pure. Coarse. Bloated. Sensual. AnimaL Ant. Partial. Nett. Pure. Refined. Grotesque, adj. Grotto. Gr. KptMTos, hidden. Comp. Crypt. Like the whimsical figures found in grottoes. Syn. Whimsical. Odd. Quaint. Bur- .esque. Archaic. Caricatured. Distorted. Ant. Classic Chaste. ' VmQ. Fashion- able. Graceful. Severe. Gbound, n. Sax. grund. ground, earth, gravel. Comp, Grind. Used metaphorically. Syn. Basis. Foundation. Premise. Ken- son. Cause. Account. Plea. Ant. Superstructure. Statement. Argu- ment. Inference. Deduction. Grounded, adj. See Ground Applied to persons and ideas, or opinions. Syk. Rooted. Established. Initiated Inaugurated. Prepared. Indoctrinated. Trained. Amt. Ungrounded. Untangled. Unpre-. pared. Uninitiated. Unfounded., Baseless. Unauthorized. Groundless. Groundless, adj. See Ground. Syn. Vain. Supposititious. Unfounded. Baseless. Fanciful. Gratuitous. Chirae- ricaL Ant. TVeH-founded. Substantial. Au- thoritative. Actual. Authentic. Group, n. Fr. groupe. A collection, with an implied idea of purposed arrangement, or at least orderliness. Syn. Clustei^. Bunch. Knot Assem- blage. Collocation. Class. Collection. Ant. Isolation, Individual. Crowd Confusion. Medley. Geovbl, V. int. Germ, krah- heln, to crawl. Used always un- favourably, in the sense of ac- tions of a base or sensual de- scription. Syn. Crawl. Cringe. Wallow. Grabble Gmb. Ant. Soar. Aspire. Mount. Else. Grow, v. int. Sax. growan. Conn, with crescere. Comp. Ac- crue. Syn. Increase. Advance. Extend. Ac- crue. Become. Develop. Amplify. Ant. Diminish. Recede. Contract Fail. stop. Die. Wane. Growl, v. inf. Old Germ. grullen, to be angry. Syn, Snarl. Grumble. Complain. Rfr monstrate. Murmur. Grunt. Ant. Chuckle. Cackle. Grin. Pun Acquiesce. Growth, n. See Grow. Grub, v. int. See Gro\eL J 98 Synonyms and Antonyms. Gbxjdge, v. tr. Old English. To look upon, with desire to appropriate or retain. Followed grammatically by the object, or the object and person, but not by the person alone. Syn. Spare. RotaiD. Covet. Envy. Withhold. Ant. Spend. Impart. Welcome. Satisfy. Graftify. Grudge, n. See verb. SyN. Spite. Grievance. Dissatisfaction. Discontent. Refusal. Ant. Welcome. Satisfaction. Approval. Contentment, Complacency. Bestowal. Benefaction. GRurr, adj. Dan. grof. Syn. Rough. Surly. Harsh. Bearish. Ant. Smooth. Mild. Affable. Cour- teous. Grumble, v. int. Low. Germ. grummeln. See Growl. Grumpy, adj. See Grumble and Surly. Gbunt, v. int. Lat. grunnire. See Growl. Guard, v. tr. 'Ft. guarder. Compare Guard and Ward, Guardian and Warden. See Pro- tect. Guarded, adj. See Guard. Said of disposition and demean- our. See Calculating. Guardian, «. See Guard. Syn. Keeper. Protector. Conservator. Custodian. Ant. Traitor. Betrayer. Pupil. Ward. Guess, v. tr. Old Eng. Allied to Sax. gitan, to get. Si-N. Conjecture. Surmise. Divine. Suppose. Suspect. Ant. Examine. Prove. Investigate. Rstal>lish. Demonstrate. Elaborate. De- duce. GuEBT, n. Lat. hostis, first, a stranger, afterwards, an enemy ; as in Gr. ^evos, first, a stranger, ttfteirwards a friend. Syn. Visitor. Ant Entertainor. Host. Guidance, n. See Guide Guide, v. tr. Fr. guider. Stn. Lead. Direct. Conduct Pilot Regulate. Superintend. Influence. Train. Ant. Mislead. Misdirect, Misconduct. Mismanage. Misregulate. Misguide. Mis- educate. Betray. Deceive. Guile, n. Sax. and Modern Eng. wile. Syn. Craft. Treachery. Deceit. Cun- ning. Insidiousness. Artifice. Ant. Honesty. Simplicity. Frankness. Generosity. Candour. Sincerity. Guileless, adj. See Guile and Craft. Guilt, n. See Guile and Crime. Guiltless, adj. See Guile and Innocent. Guise, n. Fr. guise. General appearance. Syn. Aspect. Garb. Semblance. Plea. Demeanour. Ant. Character. Person. IndividuaL Sentiment Disposition. Opinion. Life. Mind. Soul. Self. Gull, «. From the bird — said to be foolish. Comp. the use of the following names of birds- Dupe, Booby, Goose. SVN. See Cheat Gulp, v. tr. Dutch golpe, a whirlpool or gulf. See Swallow. Gush, v. int. Low Germ. gudsen. Stn. Burst Stream. Flow. Gush; Spout. Ant. Drip. Drop. Dribble. Trickle. Strain. Drain. Ooze. Filter. Percolate. Gust, n., Gustable, adj. ; Gustation, n. ; Gustful, adj. ; GuBTLESS, adj. Lat. gustus, taste. See Taste. GuBT, 71. Iceland, gustr. Used metaphorically. Syk. Squall. Blast Puff. Fit Out. burst Ant. Calm. Tranquillity. Subsldrticb Restraint. Composure. Zephyr. Guzzle, v. int. A modiflcn- tiou of Guttle. See Gorge. Synonyms and Antonyms. 199 H. HABIIilSlENT, n. Pr. habille- ment, Lat. habere, habitus, Eng. habit, in the sense of dress. Used also, in the plural, of ofilcial or state dress. Syil. Dress. Vestments. Robes. Uni- form. AST. Deshabille. Undress. HabiijtatBj v. tr. See noun. Habilitation, n. Lat. habilis, habere, from which is derived ahiUty. An old word extensively revived. Stk. Qaalification. Entitlement. Em- powenuent. Akt. Disqualification. Depression. De- basement. Disliabllitatioa. Habit, n. See Habiliment. That which is constantly asso- ciated with the individual, in dress or demeanour. The word illustrates the double sense of custom and costume, from con- %uetudo. Stn. Habituation. Custom. Familiarity. Association. Inurement. Ant. Disbabituation. Inexperience. In- conversance. Desuetude. See Habiliment. Habitation, n. Habitare, habere. "Where one has one's self, or abides continually. See Aboda Habitual, adj. See Habit. Syn. Reeular. Ordinary. Perpetual. Customary. Usual. Ant. Irregular. Extraordinary. Occa- sional. Unusual. Exceptional. Bare. Habituate, v. tr. See Habit and Accustom. Habitude, n. See Habit. An habitual state. Sm. state. Fixity. Condition. Atti- tude. Ajrr. Action. Exercise. Operation. Energy. Haos, i). tr. Sax. hacean,. Stn. Chop. Notct. Curtail. Indent. Ant. Smoothe. Plane. Polish. Gliue Varnish. Gloss. Repair. Turn. Carve. Hackneyed, adj. Old Fr. hague, whence hackney, a horse for hire. Used of ideas and ex- pressions. Sra. Trite. Worn. Stale. Threadbare. Ant. Novel. Bright, Original. Recent. Fresh. Haggard, adj. Conn, with Hawk. The original meaning of this term was wild, and in- clined to behave like a refractory hawk; hence, wild in appear- ance, especially with a wUd, worn, anxious expression of the features. Stk. Wild. Wasted. Worn. Attenu- ated. Wrinkled. Aht. Sleek. Smug. Chubby. Flump. Haggle, v. int. Scotch, hag for hack, to cut into small jmces. To be hard at bargaining. Sin. Higgle. Chaffer. Bargain. Stickle. Ant. Yield. Deduct. Abate. Reduce. Discount. Hail, v. tr. Der. uncertain. Perhaps, heil, health, answering to the Latin saluto, from solus, meamng the same thing. Stn. Accost. Address. Salute. Call. Welcome. Greet, Ant. Ignore. Pass, Cut. Avoid. Halcyon, Halcyonio, adj. The bird halcyon was said to lay her eggs close to the sea, during the cahn of the winter solstice. This was taken to prognosticate the absence of stormy weather. Stn. Calm. Serene. Balmy. UnruflBed. Ant, Stormy. Troublous. Tempestu- ous. Blustering. Boisterous. Half, n. Sax. healf. Syn. Moiety. Bisection. Dlmldiation. Ant. Integrity. Entirety. Totality, Whole. Hallow, v. tr. Sax. hiUig, holy. Stn. Consecrate. Venerate. BeTerence, Ant, Desecrate. Profane, Blasphema Abominate. Execrate. 200 Bynonyms and Antonyms. Hahuoination, n. Lat. Iml- lv£inari, to see disordered visions. Srtl. Delirium. Delusion. Phantasm. Dream, Ant. Perception. Observation. Sight. Hallucination is the result of a disordered constitution, as phantasm of a disordered mind. Halt, v. int. Sax. healtian, to limp. Syn. stop. Rest, Limp. Falter. Hesi- tate, Hummer, Stammer. Demur. Dubl- tate, AST, Advance, Decide. Determine. Speed, Flow, Career. Handle, v. tr. Hand. Syh, FeeL Treat. Use. Manage. Manipulate, Ant. Drop. Mismanage. Bungle. Handmaid, n. A maid at hand or in service. The word is used, metaphorically, of that which is ancillary to another thing, from anciUa, a handmaid : as, •■ music, the handmaid of re- ligion.' Syn. Servant, Auxiliary. Supporter. Ant. Antagonist, Opponent, Blandsome, adj. Hand. The old meaning of the word was handy, adroit, dexterous. Thence applied, as still in Scotland, to the figure and limbs in which appear that moulded and well- turned character which accom- pany agility; and thence trans- ferred again, as in England, to the contour and moulding of the features. It is used, metaphori- cally, of graceful deeds and cha- racter. Syit. Comely. Good-looking, Generous. Liberal, Ant. Uncomely, Ill-looking. Ungene- rous, Illiberal. Unhandsome. Haitdy, adj. See Handsome. Coming well to hand. Stn, Near, Convenient. Useful, Help- ftl!. Manageable. Ant. Remote. Inconvenieiti Awkward, Useless, Cumbrous, Unwieldy. *Tnhandy. Hang, v. int. and tr. Sas, havgan. Used metaphorically. Syn, Rest, Lean. Depend. Suspend. Ant, Stand. Hanker. Allied either to Hang or Hunger. To hang about a thing in desire, and so to feel appetite. Used with the prep. After. Syn, Long, Yearn. Crave, Hunger. Ant, Dislike. Shun. Loathe. Abomi- nate, Detest, Abhor. Avoid. Hap, n. Welsh. Luck or chance. See Luck. Hapless, adj. See Luckless. Haply, adv. See Perhaps. Happen, o. int. See Hap and Befall. Happy, adj. See Hap. Ac- cording to hap or luck. Syn. Lucky, Fortunate, Felicitoaa, Successful, Delighted, Joyous. Merry Blithesome. Ant, Unlucky, Unfortunate, Infelici- tous. UnsuQcessful. Sorrowful, Sorry. Disappointed, Dull. Lugubrious. De- sponding. Unhappy, Harangue, n. Arena. C!omp. Ring. A speech made to a num- ber of persons. As speech is generic, so oration is an elaborate and prepared speech. Harangue, a speech, appeals not to the taste, but the passions. Stn. Speech. Oration, Effusion. De- clamation. Rant Ant, Stiimmer, Stutter. Mutter Mumble. Drawl, Insinuation, Suggestion. Reasoning. Blandiloquence. Harass, v. tr. Old Pr. harasse, a large heavy shield^ which fsf tigued and galled the wearer. Stn. Weary, Annoy. Fatigue. Jade. Tease, Irritate. Chafe. Molest. Worry Vex. Harrow. Ant. Refresh, Comfcrt. Solace. Rfr lieve. Soothe. Animate. Inspirit. Harbinger, n. Germ, ^ct'- herger. Conn, with Harbour. One who finds rest or lodging. ■ Synonyms and Antonyms, 201 Secondly, one who, to find lodg- ing, goes before a great personage to announce his coming ; hence, thirdly, one who announces a person or event. Syn. Announcer. Herald. Precursor. Forerunner. Ant. Reporter. Narrator. Relater. Historian. Follower. Attendant. Harbour, to. See Harbinger. Stw. Haven. Rest. Refuge. Shelter. Anchorage. Home. Ant. Labour. Toil. Peril. Exposure. Voyage. Roving. Roaming. Wandering. Pilgrimage. Tossing. Harbour, v. tr. See Harbour, TO. Used in the senses of giving accommodation, and finding a place in the mind for certain thoughts or sentiments. Stn. Accommodate. Cherish. Enter- tain. Encourage. Ant. Eject. Expel. Discard. Discou- rage. Stifle. Exclude. Banish. Dismiss. Hard, adj. Sax. heard, Gr. KparoSf strength. ■ Stn. Firm. Dense. Solid. Compact. Unyielding. Impenetrable. Arduous. DifB- cult. Grievous. Distressing, Rigorous. Oppressive. Exacting. Unieeling. Stub- bi>ni. Harsh. Forced. Constrained. In- explicable. Ant. Soft Fluid. Liquid. Elastic. Brittle. Penetrable. Easy. Mild. Lenient. Tender. Ductile. Uninvolved. Simple. Intelligible. Perspicuous. Harden, v. tr. See Hard. Stn. Inure. Train. Habituate. Con- firm. Indurate. Conaolidate. Compact. Ant. Disinure. Relax. Enei-vate. De- bilitate. Dishabitnate. Soften. Melt. Mollify. ColUquate. Vaporize. Hardihood, to. See Hardy and Audacity. Hardly, adv. See Hard. Stn. Barely. Just. Scarcely. Nar- rowly. Ant, Fully. Amply. Easily. Largely. Abundantly. Hardship, to. See Hard. Stn, Trouble. Burden. Annoyance. Grievance. Calamity. Infliction, Endur- ance. Ant. Pleasure. Amusement. Allevia- tion. Recreation. Gratification. Rnlicf. iaauagement. Facilitation. Boon Tj eat. Hardy, adj. See Hard, Stn. Inured. Robust. Strong. Rsso* lute. Ant. Weak. Uninured. Delicate. Ir- resolute. Enervated. Debilitated. Fragile. Tender. Harm, to. Sax. Stn. Hurt. Mischief. lujuiy. Detri- ment. Damage, Ant. Benefit. Boon. Amelioration.. Improvement. Reparation. Compensation, Healing. Remedy. Harmless, adj. See Harm. Stn. Innocuous. Innoxious. Inoffen- sive. Innocent. Gentle. Ant. Nocuous. Noxious. HurtfuL Savage. Ci'uel. Deadly. Violent. De- structive. Mischievous. Pernicious. Harmonious. Harmony. Gr. cLpfiovla, a joint joining or com- pacting ; aptiij I join. Stn. Congruous. Accordant Propor- tioned. Uniform. Melodious. Musical. Dulcet. Tuneful. Peaceful. Agreeable^ Amicable. Friendly. Ant. Incongruous. Discordant. Dis- Sroporlioned. Unshapely. Harsh. Grating, '"nmelodious. Unfriendly. Riotous. Un- peaceful. Quarrelsoi;n&. As at present nsedj, harmony, in music, is the relation of single notes to chords, melody, the ascent, dwelling, or descent oi single notes. Harmony, to. See Harmo- nious. Harness, to. Old Fr. Used formerly of the accoutrements of man, horse, and equipage. Ste Accoutrements. Harp, v. Sax. hearpe, a harp* Used metaphorically. Stn. Peg. Strum. Hammer, Drum. Akt. Touch. Handle. Treat Manage Illustrate. Harrow, o. tr. ' Lat. hirpex, Low Lat. kercia, a harrow. Used metaphorically. See Harass. Harsh, adj. Germ, harsclu Expresses what is uncongenial, more especially, id the first in- I stance, to the hearing and tha 202 Synonyms and Antonyms, touch, and is used, analogously, of disposition, language, and de- meanour. Sth. Rough. Grating. Severe. Sharp. Ant. Smoothe. Melodious. Lenient. Suave. Bland. Gentle. Genial Kindly. Harshly, adv^ See Harsh. Harvest, n. Sax. As it were, herb-feast, or time of car- rying the grain. It is used, me- taphorically, of ab^indanoe of things profitable. Stn. Growth. Produce. Abundance. Profit. Gain, Influx. Accession. Aug- mentation. Crop. Ant. Diminution. Failure. Scarcity. Ivoss. FamiuQ. Waste. Damage. Calamity. Ruination. Reverse. BUgbt. Haste, n. Old Fr. haste. Syn. Sp^M. Celerity. Expedition. Hurry. Des[jdtch. Excitement. Heedless- ness. Akt. Slowness. Tardiness. Delay. Coolness. Reflection. Moderation. Steadi- ness. Hasten, v, tr, and int See Haste. Stn. Accelerate. Urge. Expedite. Speed. Press. Hurry. Ajxt. Retard. Impede. Obstmct De- mur. Hesitate.- Halt. Hasty, adj. See Haste. Stn. Speedy. Rapid. Superficial. Hurried. Irascible. Impetuous. Reckless. Headlong. Crude. Incomplete. Unde- veloped, Immature. Aht. Slow. Leisurely. Careful. Close. Refiective. Developed. Matured Complete. Elaborate. Thoughtful. Deliberate. Hatch, v. fr. Germ, hecken. Used metaphorically. Stn. Prepare, Concoct. Devise. Scheme. Brew, Plot. Contrive. Incubate, Ant. Disconcert. Upset. Expose. Dis- sipate. Counteract. BafHe. Mar. Spoil. Frustrate, ifl'eutralize. Hate, v. tr. Sax. hatianj to hate. See Abhor. Hatefttl, adj. See Hate. Syn. Abominable. Detestable. Vile. Odiou°. Heinous. Execrable, Ant. Loveable, Lovely. Desirable. Delightful. Attractive. Enticing. Tempt- t2g. PleAsaut E^loyftble. Haughty, adj\ Fr. naut^ high. See Affable. Haul, v. tr. Dan. halen. Same as hale, to drag. See Drag. Haunt, v. fr. Sax. hentan, to pursue, go after. In English, to frequent. See Abandon. Have, v. tr, Lat. habere, to have. Stn. Own, Possess. Feel. Entertain. Accept. Bear. Enjoy. Keep. Airr. Want. Need. Lose. Forego. Discard. R^ect. Miss. Desiderate. Covet, Desire, Havbn, n. Sax. hdfen. See Harbour. Hatoo, n. "Welsh, hafog. Stn. Desolation. Ruin. Waste. Wreck. Ravage. Demolition. Destruction. De- vastation, , Ant. Conservation. Enhancement. En- richnoeiit. Augmentation. Development. Productiveness. Luxuriance. Prosperity. Hawk, v. fr. Grerm. hoken, to higgle. To sell by outcry, or in different places, as a pedler. Stn, Sell. Peddle. Retail. Ant. Reserve. Store, Suppress. With- hold. House. Bond. Store. Hawker, n. See Hawk. Hazard, v. tr. Fr. An un- foreseen disaster, or hidden danger. Stn. Peril. Risk. Jeopardy. Danger. Chance. Ant. Safety. Security. Protection, Warrant. Certainty. Calculation. Law. Hazy, adj. Haze. Armoric, aeZj warm vapour. Stn, Fo^y. Nebulous. Misty. It.'my. Gauzy. Cloudy. CaUginous, Murky. Ant. iJiaphanous. Clear. Crystalline. Transparent. Head, n. Germ, haupt. Allied to Lai caput. Used metaphori- cally or analogously. Stn. Top. Crown. Chief. Leader. Ruler. Mind. Source. Section. Divisiol Topic. Gathering. Culmination. Crl«)s Leadership. Synonyms and Antonyms. 203 A« Tail. Bottom. Foot. riUower. Servant. Retainer. Subordinate. Subordi- Dation. Inferiority. Body. Buill. Sub- ■ect Continuation. Hbading, n. See Head and Title. Hkadlono, adj. See Hasty. Headstrong, adj. See Head and Obstinate. HbaIi, v. tr. Sax. hdlrrn. From hal, hale or sound. To make sound after injury. Applied both to woimds and the wounded. Stk. Cure. Itepair. Restore. Remedy. A£suage. Cicatrize. AST. Harm. Hurt Wound. Pierce. Ulcerate. Healtect, adj. Health. See Heal. Having or imparting health. Stw. Vigorous. Sound. Robust Strong. Hale. Salubrious. AVboleBome. Ant. Unhealthy. Unsound. Weali. Delicate. Fragile. Noxious. Pernicious. Insalubrious. Health, n. See Healthy. Heap, v. tr. Sax. See Accu- mulate. Heart, n. Sax. heorte, Germ. herz, Gr. Kijp, Lat. cor. Ee- garded as the centre of life and the seat of courage and benevo- lence. Syit. Core, Nucleus. Kernel. Interior. Centre, Character. Disposition. Courage. Hardihood. Nature. Life. Feeling. Be- nevolence. Amt. Exterior. Hand. Action. Aspect Manifestatioil. Conduct Deed. Timidity. Heartiness. See Hearty. Hearty, adj. See Heart. Ex- hibiting heait in the two senses, of the centre of vitality and the centre of feeling. Stk. Healthy. Robust. Sound. Cor- dial. Warm. Honest. Amt. Unhealthy. Delicate. Inlinn. 'Jold, Insincere. Hbat. Sax. hOce. Comp. Hot. [Ised metaphorically of excite- ment of passion or feeling. Stit. Warmth. Ardour. Paasioo. Ex- citement Fever. Kbulli tion. Intens ty. Amt. Coolness. Indifference. Subsi- dence. Calmness. Composure. Reflection. Heathen, Heathenish, adj. Either from cflwj, nations, mean- ing the unconverted world, or heide, Germ, heath, or open country, as distinguished from the towns, in which the first con- versions took place. So Pagans were rustics, inhabitants of pagi or villages. Syk. Unconverted. TTncbristian. Pagan. Uncivilized. Unbelieving. Ant. Christian. Beiievii^g. Refined. Civihzed. Polished. Heave, v. tr. Sax. hefan. Al- lied to capere, Lat. to take. To raise, as a weight, upwards. Syit. Lift Raise, Uplift Upraise. Sublevate. Hoist, Ant. Dash. Sink, Lower, Detrude. Precipitate. Heavenly, adj. Belonging to heaven, which is of the same de- rivation as Heave, meaning the elevated or uphfted place ; after the analogy of Loft from Lift. See Celestial and Angelic. Heaviness, n. See Heavy. Heavy, adj. See Heave. Hard to heave. Used also metapho- rically of feelings and circum- stances. SxN. Weighty. Ponderous. Inert. Slow. Stupid. Dull. Impenetrable. Stolid. Cum. brous. Grievous. Afflictive. Oppressive. Ant. Light Trifling. Trivial. Agile., Active. Quick, Brisk, Joyous, Alle- viative. Consolatory, InsplriUng. Ani- mating. Buoyant, Hebetude, n. Lat. hebes, etis, Wunt. Moral .or intellectual bluntness. Sin. Dulness. Heaviness. Insensibility, Stupidity. Numbness. Insensatenssa Flatness. \nt. Brightness. Animatioa Sensibilsty Cleverne&s. Acuteness. 204 Synonyms and Antonyms. Hkotob, v. int. From Hector, Bon of Priam, whose name has met with unmerited disparage- ment, and stands as a proverb for a bully. Syn. Bully. Swagger. Bluster. Boast Vaunt. Aht. Cower. Shrink. Hide. Skulk. Abscond. HeOTOE, n. See verb. Heed, v. tr. Sax. hedan, to heed. Snf, Mind. Regard. Notice. Attend. Aht. Bisregard. Slight. Ignore. Heed, n. See verb. Heedful, adj. See Heed. Syn. MindfuL Careful, Cautious. Con- siderate. Waiy. Circumspect. Ant. Unmindful. Careless. Heedless. Reckless. Unheedful. Heedless, adj. See Heedful. Height, n. Sax. Stn. Altitude. Elevation. Tallness. Summit. Exaltation. Culmination. Ant. Depth. Lowness. Depression. Littleness. Base. Abasement. Heighten, v. tr. >See Height. Snf. Exalt. Increase. Enhance. In- tensify. Colour. Viviiy. Aggravate. Akt, Lower. Depress. Diminish. De- teriorate. Abase. Temper. Tone Ex- tenuate. Modify. Qualify. HElNOue, adj. Fr. hair, to ]iate. Syn. Hateful. Flagrant. Flagitious. Atrocious. Odious. Abominable. Exe- G'able. Detestable. Ant. Excellent. Laudable. Meritorious. Praiseworthy. Distinguished. Justifiable. £xcusaV)le. PaUiable. Hellish, adj. Sax. Belong- ing to hell. See Angelic. Help, v. tr. Sax. hdpan, to asaint. SvN. Aid. Succour. Remedy. Prevent. Avoid. Ant. Oppose. Obstruct. Aggravate. Inctu". Help, n. See "jerb. Helpless, adj See Help and Forlorn. Hem, v. tr. Sax. See Borrler Hem, n. See verb. HEEALD,ra. OldPr. An officer whose business it was to proclaim war, peace, &c. See Harbinger. Old Germ, haren, to shout. Heeald, v. tr. See noun. Hbecdleau, adj. Hercules. Stn. iSee Gigantic. Heed, v. int. Sax. See Con- gregate. HeeeditAET, adj. Eceres, edis, an heir. Stn. Inherited. Ancestral. Lineal. ■Ant, Conferred. Acquired. Won. Heresy, n, alpea-is, choice, A wrong choice in religion. Stn. Schism. Unorthodoxy. Ant, Orthodoxy, Catholicity. Schism, or properly a breach of discipline by secession or dis- union, as Heresy is error in doc- trine. Heritage, n. See Hereditary. Syn. Inheritance. Entailment, Legacy, Bequest, Ant. Acquisition. Merit Wages Compensation, Hermetically, adv. Hermes Trismegistus, the fabled inven- tor of alchemy or chemistry. Hermetically sealed, is sealed as tightly as chemistry could seal it. Stn. Air-tight Closely. Ant. Loosely. Misfittingly. Hero, n. Gr. "Upas. Cham- pion of the present or the heroic age. A character of daring, or one of romantic superiority. See Champion. Heroic, adj. See Hero. Syk, Brave. Undaimted, Chivalroua Daring, Romantic, Ant, Dastardly. Cowardly. Cravenly, Poltroonish. Hesitate, v. int. ITcesitat^., prqj. of hatter e, to stick. Synonyms and Antonyms. 205 Bra. Dubitate. Waver. Scruple. De- Kdr. Falter. Stammer. Ant. Decide. Determine. Run. Flow. Ufireer. Heterodox, adj. erepos, an- other, and Ro^a, opinion. Hold- ing a ■wrong belief. Sra. Unsound. Heretical. Ant. Sound. Orthodox. Heterogeneous, adj. mpos, other or strange, and yevos, genus or hind. The word is used of strong dissimilarity, either in one object to another, or in the parte of the same among them- Stn. strange. Alien. Dissimilar. Dis- cordant. A^T. Accordant, Congruous. Homo- geneous.' Similar. Hbw, V. tr. Sax. heawan. To cut broadly or roughly. S™. Cut. Hack. Chop. FalU Ant. Mould. Model. Form. Carre. Sculpture. Engrave. Levigate. Turn. Hibernal, adj. Hiems, hiher- nus. Belonging to winter. Srw. Wintry. Arctic. Brumal. Glacial. Ant, Summerly. Zephyrous. Balmy. Halcyonic. Hide. Act. and neut. Sax. hydan. Stn. Conceal. Secrete. Masl^ Dis- lemble. Store. Protect. Disguise. Ensconce. Screen. Ant. Expose. Discover. Exhibit Mani- fest. Betray. Strip. Hideous, adj'. Old Fr. hide, fright. Stn. Frightful. Unshapely. Monstrous. Horrid. Ant. Graceful. Beautiful. Captivating. Attractive. Hie, v. tr. Sax. higan. To make haste. S™. Fly. Haste. Speed. Ant. Falter. Stop. Stay. Lag. Stick. Higgle, v. int. See Haggle and Hawk. High, adj'. Sax. heah, Germ. hock. Bin. Elevated. Lofty. Tall. Emirent. Eaollent, Nobie. Haughty. Ant. Depressed. Low. Stunted. Ig- noble. Mean. Base. Affable. HiGHLy, adv. See High. Hilarity, n. Hila/ritas, hilaris, merry, in high spirits. See De- spair. Hinder, v. tr. Sax. hind, haek. As Prevent is to stop by going before, so Hindei is to stop by pulling from behind. Syn. Prevent. Interrupt. Obstruct. Retard. Debar. Embarrass. Ant. Accelerate. Expedite. Enable. Promote. Facilitate. HmDRANOB, n. See Hinder. HtngBjI;. im*. OldEng. Conn, with Hang. Sin. Move. Turn. Hang. Depend. Work. Rotate. Circulate. Ant. Halt. Crepitate. Jar. Grate Hint, to. ffentan, to pursue or seize, with the implied pur- pose of warning or suggesting. See Cue. Hint, v. See n. and Suggest. Hire, v. Sax. hyrian. To procure by compensation for temporary use. Stn. Engage. Commission. Employ. Rent. Ant. Buy. Purchase. Hirsute, adj'. Hirsutus, hirtus. Syn. Hairy. Shaggy. Hispid. Downy. Bristly. Ant. Smooth. Glabrous. Bald. Hispid, adj'. Eispidus. See Hirsute. Historic, adj'. Sistoria, his- tory, Gr. icTTOpia, 1 inquire. Syk. Genuine. Authentic. Amthenti- cated. Ant. Prehistoric. Fabulous. Legen- dary. Unhistoric. History, n. See Historic and Annals. Histrionic, adj. Eistrh, an actor. Sis. Dramatic. Fantomimla Theobfc cal. Ant. Undramatic. UntheatrloSk 206 Synonyms and Antonyms. Hit, v. tr. Sax. Jiettan, to pur- sue or drive. Sts. Strike. Succeed. Chance. React. Hazard. Mistake. Ant. Fail Mischance. Err. Miss. Hitch, v. int. Scotch. Means to jerk or to move by jerks. Sra. Stick. Stickle. Bar. Jam. Catch. Bang. Aki. Run. GUde. SUde. Rotate. Flow. Hoard, v. tr. Sax. hordan. To lay up in store. SvN. Treasure. Accumulate. Husband. Ant. Waste. Squ?.nder. Dissipate. Hoarse, adj. See Harsh. Syn. Harsh. Grating. Raucous. Husky. Ant. Mellifluous. Mellow. Rich. Sweet. Melodious. HoART, adj. Sax. har, gray. Stk. Whits. Gray. Silvery. Frosty. Ant. Dark. Raven. Jet Hoax, v. tr. Sax. hues, mockery, or possibly a form of hocus in hocus pocus — 'Hoc est corpus,' in derision of transub- stamtiation, but not probably. Syn. BefooL Gammon. Bamboozle. Dupe. Trick. Trepan. Ant. Guide. Enlighten. Undeceive. Inform. Direct. Correct. Regulate, Hobble, v. int. Bop. To walk with a hitch or hop. To hopple. Syn. Limp. Falter. Aht. Run. Course. Speed. Leap. Hobby, n. Dan. hnppe, a mare. A strong cob; a child's toy in the figure of a horse; hence a favourite pursuit. Syn. Pursuit. Whim. Amusement. Speciality. Idiosyncrasy, Ant. Nuisance. Horror. Aversion. Bugbear. Scarecrow. Incubus. Hoyden, n. Heide, a heath. A bouncing rustic. Stn. Romp. Tomboy. Ajrr. Prude. Hold, v. tr. and int. Sax. healdan. SrH. Keep. Grasp. Retain. Support Restrain Defend. Maintain. Occupy. Possess. Sustain. Regard. Consider. Co- here. Z nitinue Ant Drop. Abandon. Stirrender. Fad Release. Desert. Foregj. Vacate. Con- cede. Break. Cease. Hollow, adj. Used meta- phorically. Sax. hoi. Comp. Hole. Syn. Empty. Concave. Foolish. Weak. Faithless. Insincere. Artificial. Unsub- stantiaL Flimsy. Transparent Senseless. AsT. Full. Solid. Well-stored. Strong. Firm. Sincere. True. Genuine. Sub- stantial. Sound. Holt, adj. Sax. halig. Syn. Sacred. Reverend. Pure. Conse- crated. Religious. Ant. Pru&ne. Evil. Impure. Un holy. Homage, n. Bomagium, homo, a man. An acknowledgment made to the hege lord by the man or vassal. Syn. Fealty. Allegiance. Submission. Worship. Deference. Affiance. Ant. Treason. Rebellion. Disaffection. InsubordiuatioiL Defiance. Home, n. Sax. ham. Germ. heim. A settled abode. Hee Abode. HoMOGENEOirS, odj. OfWS, th£ like, and yEvos, kind. See Hetero- geneous. HoNBSTT. Bonestus was in Latin high-bom, and the word has come to mean Probity, by the general tendency of language in past times to make all good quahties aristocratic, and mean quahties plebeian. The classic sense of honestus was not honest, but honourable. Syn. Integrity. Probity. Uprightness. Straightforwardness. Fairness. Smcerity. Honour. Ant, Dishonesty. Chicanery. Trickery. Insincerity. Deception. Fraud. Unfair- ness. Guile. Honour, n. Lat. honor. Ob- jectively the deference paid by others. Subjectively the sense of the honourable. Stn. Respect Reverence. Nobility Dlfinity. Eminence, Reputation. Fam& Hij^-mindedness. Spirit Self-respect. Synonyms and Antonyms. 2W A'!T. Dtsrespect Contempt. Irre- TOrence. Slight. Obscurity. Degradation. Disgrace. Abasement. Demoralization. Oowardice. Disbimour. Infamy. Honorary, ail/. Honorarium, a fee. An office held unofficially, as distinct from such as have attached to them a specific au- thority and specific claims. Stn. Grattiitous. Unofficial. Unre- Diunerative, !^ominal. Titular. Ant. Official. Bemunerative. Profes- BlonaL Jurisdictional. HooT, V. int. To cry as an owl, with a cry of contempt, fol- lowed by the prep. at. Stk. Hiss. Execrate. Denounce. Sibi- late. Decry. AsT Cheer. Honour. Acclaim. Eulo- gize. Salute. Welcome. Hope, n. Sax. hopa, hope. Desire and expectation com- bined. Stn. Anticipation. Prospect. Vision. L^mging. ContideDce. Desire. Akt. Despair. Despondency. Distrust. Disbelief. Abandonment. AbjuratioD. HoPEFTTL, adj. See Hope. Said subjectively of the disposi- tion or mind, and objectively of the event or circumstance. Stn. Eager. Ardent, Longing. Confi- dent Promising. Propitious. Auspicious. Ant. Indifferent. Distrustful. Unpro- mising. Unpropltious. Improbable. Hope- ess. Desperate. Irreparable. Ill-omened. Discouragmg. Inauspicious. Hopeless, adj. See Hopeful. Horizon, opl^av, part, bound- ing, kvkXos, a circle, being un- derstood. Used metaphori- cally. SsTl. Limit Periphery. Circle. Boun- dary. Ast. Space. Boundlessness. Infinitude. HOREIBLB, adj. fforribilis, horrere, to shudder. Stn. Abominable. Detestable. Dread- fU. Fearful. Hideous. Ghastly. Terrific. HateftiL Aht. Lovely. Desirable. Enjoyable. Attractive. Beautiful. Fair. Pleasant Amiable Set Horrid, adj Sorridus. Horrible. Horror, «. Horrere, to grom stiff with dread. It has come to be used of strong dislike. Sto. Pear. Dread, shrinking. Loath- ing. Detestation. Aht. Love. Attraction. Allurement. Enticement. Hospitable, adj. Sbspes, a guest. Stn, Sociable. Neighbourly. Chari- table. Ant. Unsociable. Exclusive. Retired. Unneighbourly, Churlish. Recluse. Host, n. Hostis, an enemy. As it were, an army of the enemy. A multitude. Stn. Multitude, Number, Assemblage Army. Ant. Handf^il. Sprinkling. ,. Knot. Group. Corps. Section. Hostage, n. Said to be, not hostagium, from hostis, as given to the enemy in pledge, but from obses, idis, Lat. a hostage. Stn. Sponsor. Bail. Surety. Aht. Dictator. Conqueror. Hostility, n. Hostis, an enemy. See Animosity. Hound, v. tr. Sax. and Germ. huvd, 6r. Kvav, Lat. canis. Used analogously. Stn. Pursue. Hunt. Prosecute. Ant, Liberate, Discard. Abandon. Spare, House, n. and v. Germ. hMis. See Abode and Store. Hubbub, ■«. Comp. "Whoop. A confused sound of voices. See Babel. Huddle, act. and neut. Germ. hudeln. To do a thing hurriedly, and so bunghngly; expresses also the idea of joint movement in confusion. Stn, Mix, Confuse, Derange. Heap. Ant. Assort Arrange. Adjust Cla«> slfy. Huge, ndj. Conn, with High, through the Germ. hoch. 208 Synonyms and Antonyms. Stn Enormous, Monstrous. ColoBsal. Ani, Petty, Un-lersized, Puny. Pigmy. Human, adj. Homo, humanus. Belonging to man in nature and sympathy, Stn, EtUhicaL Cosmical. Anlhropo- iogical. HatlouaL Civilized. Ant. lubuman. Beastly. Irrational. Humane, adj. See Human. More distinctly expressive of what ought to be regarded as human in sentiment and cha- racter, Sra, Benign. Kind. Tender, Merci- ful. Ant. Unkind. Cruel. Unmerciful. In- human, Humanity, «, Like Human, expresses the existence of the human race, and what ought to be its moral characteristic, Sttt. Man. Mankind. Kindness, Ten- derness. Compassion. Ant. Unklndness. Cruelty. Inhumanity. Bestiality. Irrationality, Barbarity. Humanize, v. tr. See Hu- manity, Stn. Civilize. Ameliorate, Enlighten. Christianize. Refine. Ant. Barbarize. Degrade. Debase, De- press. Brutalize, Humble, adj. Lat. humiUs. Low in station; or, morally, in self-estimation, Stn. Low. Lowly. Obscure, Meek, Modest. Unassuming. Unpretending. Ant. High. Lofty, Eminent, Proud. Boastful. Arrogant, Assuming. Preten- tious, Humid, adf. Lat, humidiis. Stn, Moist, Wet, Vaporous. Spongy. Damp. Ant. Dry. Arid. Moistureless. Parched. Humiliate, v. tr. See Humble and Elevate. Humility, n. See Humble. Humour, n. Lat. humor, from humere, to he moist. Of old, the proportion of humours which entered into the constitution were believea tc make the dis- positioii It now stands for the di.sposition of the moment, and for that which is especially mo- mentary—the exhibition of tht ludicrous or jocose. Stn. Disposition. Temper. Mood. Caprice. JoC')Seness. Pleasantry. Ant. Nature. Personality. Mind. Will Purpose. Seriousness. Humoursome, adj. See Hu- mour and Fanciful. Hunt, v. tr. Sax. hentan, pur- sue. See Hound. HuBL, V. tr. Old Eng, See Dart. HuRET, act. and neut. Germ hurren, to haste. See Speed and Accelerate. Hurt, o. Sax. hyrt, hurt or wounded. Stn. Wound. Bruise. Harm. Injure. Damage. Ant. Heal. Soothe. Console, Repair Reinstate. Compensate. Benefit HuBBAND, v. tr. Formed from the noun, and used in the sense of economize. See Economize. tr. Formed from See Silence. Husky, adj. Husk. Germ. hulsche, Sax. helan, to cover. A husk. Used of the voice, as it the throat were dry as a, husk See Hoarse. Hustle, v. tr. Dan. hutsefii, to shake. See Jostle. Hybrid, n. Lat. hyhrida. Stn. Mixed. Impure. Mongrel. Mnl& Ant. Pure. Unmixed. Thoroughbred. Hytocbisy, n. See Hypocrite. Hypocrite, n. vTroKpmjs, the Greek masked actor. Used for one who masks Ms real na- ture or motive under a contrary demeanour. Svx. Feigner. Pretender. DissembL* Impostor, Hush, v. the sound. Synonyms and jtmonyms. 209 The hypocrite feigns to be what he is not, the dissembler to be not what he is. AST. Saint. Believer. Chrlstidji. Sim- pleton. Dupe. Bigot Fanatic HiPOOBmoAi., adj. See Hy- pocrite. Syh. Pharisaical. Sanctimonlons. Smug. Smootli. Mealy. Unctuous. Mincing Ant. Plain-spoken. Candid. Truthful. Sincere. Genuine. Transparent Idea, n. Gr. Was of old a term of the Platonic philosophy. In modem parlance we mean by an idea, a mental image of an object of the senses, as a notion is the impression of a quahty. So the ' Idea of a Man,' the ' No- tion of Humanity.' This is not strictly adhered to. Syk. Image, Notion. Conception. Be- liet Doctrine. Supposition. Understand- ing. l>'iction. Fancy. Akt. Olject Form, Subject Thing, Reality. Ideal, adj. 6'ee Idea. Used also as a noun with the definite article prefixed — 'the ideal' — and in the two senses of creation and fiction of the mind. Stv. MentaL Notional. ConceptionaL IntellectuaL Creative. Spiritual. Poetical. Suppositious. Fictitious, Unreal, hna- gliitu7. ChimericaL Airr, Physical, Visible, Material Tan- gible. HistoricaL Real Actual. Palpa- ble Sabetiuitlal. Ideality, n. See Ideal. The faculty of forming ideal concep- tion, especially of the beautiful. Stn. Fani-y. Creativeness. Genius. Ant. Imitation. Uninventiveness. Un- Inaginativeness. Copylsm. Identify, v. tr. Idem, the same, and facere, to make. Means both to make into one and the same, and also to recognize as being one and the same. Stv. Unite. Integrate. Recognize, Te- ilil. IncoiporaJc Akt. Divide, Disunite. Confound. Cfm fuse. Overlook, Mistake, Identity, n. See Identify. Stk. Oneness. Unity. Sameness. 1 er- sonality. Individuality. Convertibility. AST. Diiference. Distinctness. Stpa- rateness. Plurality . Contrariety. Idiocy, n. Gr. ISiotjis, a per- son in private life uneducated to hear office in the state or academy. Hence mental deficiency. Stk. Imbecility. Aberration. Insanity. Fatuity. Am. Sanity. Sagacity. Intelligence. Sense. Judgment Idiom. tSios, pi'ivate or pecu- liar; i8i(B/ia, a peculiarity. A term of expression peculiar to a Syn. Specialty. Peculiarity. Charac- teristic. Phrase. Turn. AiyT. Solecism. Barbarism. IdIOSYNOBACY, n. iSioy (riv Kparris. The peculiar commix- ture or composition which makes up the taste and temper of a per- son, or anything pecuharly illus- trative of it. Syk. Peculiarity. Constitution. Tempe- rament. Specialty. Characteristic. Indi- viduality, Singularity, Eccentricity, Ant. Commtmity. Universality. Gene- rality. Idiot, «. See Idiocy. Snr. Imbecile, Fool. Ant, Luminary. Sage. Authority. Idle, adj. Sax. idel, vain, empty. Syn. Void. Unoccupied. Waste. Vain. Empty. Unemployed Aht. Tilled. Occupied, Populated. Filled. Employed. Assiduous. Industrious. Idolize, v. tr. etSuXoi/, an idol or image made to be wor- shipped. Stn. Worship. Venerate. Adore. Ant. Loathe. Execrate. Abominate. Ignite, v. tr. Ignis, fire. See Kindle. Ignoble, arfy. In, not, and no- bill's, noble. Used of social and moral character or condition. 210 Synonyms and Antonyms. Srs, Mean, Base. DiBhonoiirable. Hum- b'-e. Plebeian. Lowly. AsT. Honourable. Noble. Eminent. Ex- alted. Lonlly. Grand. Notable. Illustrious. Ignominy, n. In, not, and no- men, a name. A deprivation of a good name. Stk. Disgrace. Reprobation. .Sbame. Reproach. Contempt. Dishonour. Infamy. Ant. Credit. Reputation. Honour. Glory. Distinction. Lustre. Renown. Ignobamxts, n. Lat. we are iy- norant. Syn'. Dunce. Dullard. Ant. Savant. Luminary. Ignokanob, n. In, not, and noscere, to know. See Knowledge. Ignore, v. tr. See Ignorance. Syn. Disown. Repudiate. Overlook. Ant. Own. Notice. Marls. Visit Re- cognize. Illegal, adj. See Legal. Illegiblb, adj. See Legible. Illegitimate, adj. See Legal. Illibbeal, adj. See Liberal. Illicit, adj. See Licit. Illiterate, adj. See Lite- rary. Illogical, adj. See Logical. Illuminate, v. tr. In and ?«- men, a light. Used physically and mentally. SrN. Lighten. Enlighten. Emblazon. Irradiate. Ant. Darken. Obscure. Bedim. Illttsion, n. Illudere, to inocJc. \ A mocking or unreal vision. I Stn. Dream. Mockery. Deception. De- hislDD. Hallucination. Vision. Phan- tasm. Illusion is used of the senses. Delusion of the mind. Ant. Form. Reality. Body. Sub- stance. Illusive, adj. See Illusion. Syn. Deceptive. Visionaiy. Unreal, Disappointing. Fugitive. Erroneous. False, imaginary. Art. Substantial. Satisfactory. Real True. Solid. I'erznanent. Illustrate, v. tr. JUustrfg, bright. Sth. Elucidate. Interpret. Exemplify. Demonstrate. Explain. Embody. Repro- sent. Paint. Image. Ant. Obscure. Misinterpret. Myatify. OoLfuse. Misrepresent. Darken. Illustrative. See Illustrate. Illustrious, adj. See Illus- trate. Stn. Renowned. Glorious. Brilliant Deathless. Ant, Ignominious. Disgracefnl. Dterfv putable. Inglorious. Infamous. Image, n. Imago, an image or representation. A similitude of any kind, as in language of an illustrative character. Syn. Statue. Likeness. Representation. Efflgy, Copy. Metaphor. Idea. Concep- tion. Fiction. Shadow. Abt. Person. Original. Substance. Sub- ject. Object. ReaUty. Truth. Verity. Imagery, «. See Image. Stn. Poetry. Fancy. Illustration. Me- taphor. Similitude. Ant, Prose. Statement. Fact. Imaginakt, adj. See Image and lUusive. Imaginative, adj. See Image. Having the power of exciting the imagination, or having a quick imagination. Stn. Creative. Conceptive. Ideal. Poeti- cal. Romantic. Original. Inventive. Ant. Unimaginative. Unpoetical. Ul- romantic. Prosaic. Matter-of-fact Lite- ral, Uninventive. Imagine, v. tr. See Image. Stn. Conceive. Suppose. Surmise. Un- derstand. Fancy. Fabricate. Ant. Represent. Exhibit Demonstrate. Prove. Substantiate. Verify. Depict Imbecile, adj. Lat. irnbecHlii. Weak. In, on, and haculvs, a stall. Sin. Foolish. Fatuous. Idiotic. Akt. Shrewd. Sagacious. Clever. Imbibe, v. tr. As to imbibe opinions. In and hihere, to drink Used metaphorically. Srs. Acquire. Learn. Assimilate. Ab sorb. Ant, Discard. Reject Renounce. Dis- vow \i>hire. Kepucfate. b'ynomjms and Antonyms. Imbudk, v. tr. In and Old Eng. hriie, allied to brew. Stb. Wet. Moisten. Soak. Drench. Aht. Wring. Try. Wipe. Drain. Imbue, v. tr. Imhuere. Conn. with bibere, to drink, to stain. Used metaphorically for to affect. Stn. Tinge. Dye. Stiiin. Impregnate. Inoculate. Ingrain. Affrct. Infect. Ant. Disimbue, Dislnoculate. Disabuse, Cleanse. Clear. Disinfect Purge, Imitate, v. tr. Lat. imitari, to imitate. Syn. Represent. Copy. Follow. Re- semble. Portray. Depict. Repeat. Ant. Misrepresent. Caricature. Alter. Vary. Disslmilate. Differentiate. Modify. Remodel. Distort. Imitation, n. See Imitate. Imitative, adj. See Imitate. Sto. Mimicldng. Caricaturing. Copy- ing. Unoriginal. Servile. Apish. Ant, OriginaL Creative. Inventive. Immaculate, adj. In, not, and macula, a spot or stain. Used of character. Syk. Pure. Sinless. Spotless. Stain- less. Virgin. Unpolluted. Undefiled. Ant, Impure, Corrupt. Sinful. Con- taminated. Defiled. Tainted. Polluted. Spotted. Immanent, adj. Immanere, to remain in. Stn. Inherent. Innate. Sul^Jective. In- dwelling. Internal. Intrinsic, Congenital. Ingrained. Implicit. Natural. Ant. Emanent, Transitive. Projective. Developed. Exsllient. Phenomenal Es.' plicit. Accidental. Ascititious. Immanity, n. Imma/nis, sa- vage. Stn. Cruelty. Atrocity, Savagery, Fe- rocity. Truculence. Ant. Mildness. Gentleness. Docility. Blansuetude. Tenderness, Immaterial, adj. In and materies, Tnatter. Has the two- 211 In, not, and Immature, adj. maturus, riiie. Stn. Unripe, (jreen. Crude. Unfi- nished. Undeveloped. Ant. Rips. Complete. Finished. Ma- ture. Developed. Immeasurable, adj. In, not, and mensura, a measure. Stn. Vast. Boundless. Illimitable. Im- mense. Unfathomable. Infinite. Ant, Finite, Bounded. Limited. Cir- cumscribed. Shallow. Restricted,. Immediate, adj. In, not, and mediiis, middle. Not separated by anything else between. Stn. Proximate. Contiguous. Present, Direct. Ant. Distant. Remote. Future^ Ula- diate. Immemorial, adj. In, not, and memoriu, memory. That which is so ancient as to pass beyond human memory or tradition. Stn. i^rimitive. Ancient. Archaic. Pre- moTdial. Time-honoured. Remote. Ant. Recent. Modem. Late. Upstart; Fresh. Immense, adj. Immensus. In, and metiri, to measure. See Im- measurable, Immerse; v. In, and mergere, memus. Syn. Dip. Plunge. Sink. Soak. Steep. Macerate. Duck. Submerge. Diown, In- undate. Ant. Dry. Drain, Parch. Air. Ven- tilate. Immersion, w. See Immerse. Immethodioal, adj. See Me- thodical. Immigration, n. In, and mi- grare, to migrate. Syn. Migration, Colonbmtion. Settle- ment. Ant. Emigration. Exodus. Immtnent, adj. Imminere, to fold sense of non-material ani I ^^^ ^ J^f |,o- -'« Stn. Impending. Thre&t';nlng. Hoven unimportant. Syn. Spiritual. Incorporeal. Unhnpor- tant. Insignificant, Trivial. Trifling. Ant. Material. Physical. Corpweal. Eiisential. Important. Ant. Warded; Staved. Escaped, Immiscibtltty, n. See Miscille* p2 212 Inser- Immission, n. to send. SrH. latroduction. tion. Ant. !E)}ection. Emission. Discharge. Immitigable, adj. See Miti- gate. Immobility, n. See Mobile. Immodeeatb, adj. See Mode- rate. Immodest, adj. See Modesty. Immolate, v. tr. Mola, a salt »ake or grains placed on the vic- tim. Hence to offer in sacrifice. Used metaphorically. Syn. Sacrifice, Victimize. Ant. Spoil. Hmnour. Indulge. Feed. Pamper. Immokal, adj. See Moral. Immortal, adj. See Mortal. Immoveable, adj. See Move- able. Immundioity, n. See Mundi- city. Immunity, n. Immunis. In, not, and mnnus, a public service. Exemption from service. Hence, exemption from liabUity gene- rally. Stn. ExemptloiL DlfpensatioD. Free- dom. Ant. Liability. Obligation. Jurisdic- tion. Imposts Burden. Amenability. Immube, V. tr. In, and murus, n wall. See Incarcerate. Immutable, adj. See Mu- table. Imp, n. Swed. Ymp, a hitd or graft. Hence progeny, then mis- chievous child. Stn. Brat. Scamp. Devil. Demon. Ant. Cherub. Angel. Impact, n. Impingere, pac- tum, to strike against. Syn. Contacts Application. Impree- •ion. Collision. Akt. iBoiatlon. Separation. Removal. AroidoDce. Non-contact. Interval, Sh»v.i Synonyms and Antonyms, In, and mittere. Injection. Improve. Augment See Partial. See Pass- See Impas- Impair, v. tr. Said to be from impejorare. Pejus, worse. To make worse. Stn. Deteriorate. Ii^re. I\amage. Re- duce. J^meeble. Akt. Enhance. Repair. Impalpable, adj. See Pal- pable. Imparity, n. In, not, and par, equal. See Parity. Impart, v. tr. In, a,ni partiri, to allot, pars, a lot. See Give. Impartial, adj. Impassable, adj. able. Impassible, adj. sioned. SYlr. Immaterial. Immortal. AST. Passible. Mortal. Impassioned, adj. In, anid patior, passus, to suffer or be affected. Syn. Excited. Fervid. Ant. Unimpassioned. Cool. Impas- sive. Impassive, adJ, See Impas- sioned. Impatient, adj. See Patient Impawn, i>. tr. See Pawn. Impeach, v. tr, Impingere, to thrust or drive against. So to stop or pull up for a charge or offence. ' Syn. Accuse. Arraign. Criminate. In, diet. Ant. Acquit. Absolve. Vindicate Ab'- Impeccability, n. See Pecc» bility. Impede, v. tr. In, and pes, pe- dis, afoot. To throw sometliing in the way of the feet of the walker. See Accelerate. Impel, v. tr. Impdlere, U drive forward. See Urge. Syncnyms and Antonyms. 213 Ikpetd, v. int. In, on, or over, Bfld pendere, to hang. SlTT. Hove' Threaten. Ant. FasB, Spare. Impbneteable, adj. See Pe- netrable. Impenitent, adj. Impeni- tence, n. Hee Penitent. Impeeatitb, adj. Jmperare, to command. SrN. Urgent. Irresistible. DictatoriaL Inexorable. Peremptorily. Compulsory. Ant. Indulgent. Lenient. Mild. En- treative. Supplicatory. OptionaL Dl8ci-e- tional. Impeeoeptible, adj. See Per- ceptible. Impeeoipibnt, adj'. See Per- cipient. Impbefect, adj'. See Perfect. Impeefoeate, adj'. See Per- forate. Impebial, adj'. Imperiwm, em- pire. Stn. Majestic. Eoyal. Supreme. Mag- nificent. Superb. AST, Ignoble. Servile. Slavish. Mean. Paltry. Beggarly. Impbeil, V. tr. In, and peri- cuLum, danger. See Endanger. Impeeious, adj'. See Imperial. Stn. Arrogant. Exacting. Dictatorial. Authoritative. AST. Yielding. Submissive. Compliant. Docile. Ductile. Lenient. Gentle. Mild, Impbeishable, adj'. See Pe- rishable. Impeemanbnce, n. See Per-, manence. Impeembablb, adj. See Per- meable. Impbesonal, adj. See Per- sonal. Impbesonatb, v. tr. In, and persona, a moik (from per and so- nare, to sound, througli whicli the voice sounded) or sustained cha- racter. Used for the legitimate sustainment of character, as on the stage, and also for the frau- dulent passing of one's self ofl for another person. Stn. Act. Enact. Represent. Ant, Detect, Unmask. Expose. Impeetinbnt, adj. See Perti- nent. Impeetuebablb, adj. See Per- turb and Stoical. Impeevious, adj. See Per- \dous. Impeteate, v. tr. Impetrare^ to entreat. Stn. Entreat. Implore. Absecrate. Pray, Imprecate. Ant, Demand, Command, Claim, In- sist, Deprecate, Dehort. Dissuade. Ex- postulate. Remonstrate. Impbtuous, adj. Impetus, haste, speed. See Hasty. Impibtt, n. See Piety. Impignoeate,^. «/•. /See Pawn. Impinge, v. int. Impingere, to strike upoti. See Impact. Implacable, adj. See Placa/ ble. Implant, v. tr. In, and plan tare. Flanta, the sole. Hence to plant one's steps. The plant was the slip footed or planted in the soil. See Plant. Implement, n. Implementum, a filing up, implere, to Jill. Comp. Complement. Stn, Instrument. Utensil. Tool. Ap pliance. Ant. Labour. Work. Science. Art Manufacture. Agriculture. Implbtion, n. See Implement A fiUing. Syn. Filling, Satisfaction, Supply, Ant, Failure, Exhausticn. Depri tion. Disappointment Implicate, v. tr. In, and pli- care, to fold. To fold mto a diffi- culty or charge by argument oi example. Depnva- 214 Stn. Connect. 0iinat«. AMT. -isconnect. Kxtricati Synonyms ana Antonyms. Associate. Charge. Cri- Dujsociat.?. Acquit. 1. Sue Impli- Implioation, cats. Implicit, adj. In, and pUcare, to fold. Folded up inside but not brought to light. Also used in the sense of intimate, close, as 'implicit trust.' SyN. Implied. Involved. Indicated. Ant. Expressed. Explicit. Developed. Implied, part. See Implicit. Implore, v. tr. In, and plo- rare, to weep. To beseech ear- nestly, and, as it were, with tears. tiee Entreat. Imply, v. tr. In, and plicare, to fold. To signify in a sugges- tive way, not expressly. Syn. Involve. Mean. Indicate. Sug- gest. Hint. Ant. Express. Declare. State. Pro- nounce. Impolite, adj. See Polite. Impolitic, adj. See Politic. Impondbbable, adj. See Pon- derable. Impondeeous, adj. See Pon- derous. Impoboits, adj. See Porous. Import, v. tr. Importare, to carry into. Syn. Introduce. Bring. A N'T. Export, Banish. Import, n. See Import, v. That which is brought to bear upon a point. Syk. Purport. Meaning. Drift. Tenor. Signiflcance. Airr. statement. Proceeding. Important, adj. See Import w. Said of that which brings in something materially affecting a state or question. Applied also to persons acd objects of im- portance. Syn. Significant. Espretsive. Belevaot Main. Ijcadlng. Considerable. Oreat. Dig- nitied. Influential. Ant. Insignificant. Trivial. Inexpres- sive. Irrelevant. Inconsiderable, I'etty Mean. Untnfluential. Secondary. Vn'Jii' portant. Minor. iMPpBTATlON, n. See Ira- port, V. Importunate, adj. Importu- nare. In, not, and poriare, to bear, or he relevant. To come in obtrusively, to ask with great if not excessive eagerness. Syn. Over-urgent. Over-entreative. Press- ing. Ant. Modest. Diffident. Impobtcnk, v. tr. See Impor- tunate, Syn, Pester, Solicit. Press. Ant. Surrender. Abandon. Sacrifice, Imposb, V. tr. Imponere, posi' tus, to place upon. Syw. Lay. Inflict. Ant. Remove. Disburden. The word has also the peculiar sense of Cheat. Imposing, adj. See Impose. Sm. Striking. Effective. Dignified, Grand. Ant. Ineffective. Undignified. Petty. Impossible, adv. See Pos- sible. Impost, n. See Impose. Syn. Iminsitlon. Tax. Burden. Ant. Exemption. Immuoity. Proceeds Revenue. Impostor, n. See. Impose. One who imposes in the sense of Cheat. Syn. Cheat Deceiver. Dissembler. Char- latan. Amt. Detector. Undeceiver. Enlight- ener. Guide. Imposture, n. See Impostor. Impotence, n. In, not, and potis, capable. Stit. Incapacity. Weakness. Disquali- fication. Disability. Aht. Capacity. Vigour. Ability. Qcsr lification. Impound, v. tr. See Ponad. Synonyms and Antonyms. 215 Impoverish, v. iV. In, and pauper, poor. To make poor. See Enrich. Impbaotioable, adj. See Practicable. Impkboatb, u. tr. In, and jirecari, to pray. See Impfitrate. Impeoper, adj. See Proper. Impregnable, adj. See Preg- nable. Imptjee, adj. In, not, and purus, pure. See Pure. Impute, v. tr. Lat. Impu- ta/re. Stw. Ascribe. Refer. Cbarge. Aira. Withdraw. Retract. Ikability, n. See Ability. Inaccessible, adj. See Ac- cessible. Inaoodeate, adj. See Accu- rate. Inaction, n. See Action. Inactivity, n. See Activity. Inadequate, adj. See Ade- quate. Inabmissiblb, adj. See Ad- missible. Inadveetknob, n. See Ad- vert. Stn. Oversigbt. Ajst. Correction. Attention. Inadveetent, adj. See In- advertence. Stn. Inobservant, Careless. Heedless. Ant. CarefuL Observant. Accurate. Inalienable, adj. Syn. Alien. Intrausferable. Entailed. Ant. Unentailed. Transferable. Inane, ac?y. Jjat. Inanfs, empty. Stn. Empty. Pointless. Characterless. Vapid. Feeble. Ant. Significant. Pointed. Powerful. Sensible. Forcible. Inanimate, inrn. See Coirgenital. Inbebd, adj. In and hred. See Inborn. Incalculable, adj. See Cal- culate. Inoandesobncb, n. In, and candescere, to be of a white heat. Stn. Incalescence. Glow. White heat. Ant. Iciness. Congelation, Refrigera- tion. Crystallization. Incantation, n. jncantare, to recite or chant a magical form of words. Stn. Recitation. Spell. Charm. Invo- cation, Ant. Exorcism, Evocation, Incapable, adj. See Capabi- lity. Stn. Qnalifled. Able. Fitted. Strong. Clever. Ant, Unqnalified. Unable, Incapable, Unfitted, Weak. Incompetent. Feeble. Incapacious, adj. See Capa- cious. Incapacity, n. See Capa- city. Incaecbeatb, v. tr. In, and career, eris, a prison,. Stn, Immure, ImpriBon. Ant, Liberate. Release. Synonyms and Antonyms. See Inau- as 'the incarnation of selfifeh- ness.' Stn. Embodimerjt. Impersonation, Ant, Diseml3odiment. Spirituallzation Abstraction. Incase, v. tr. See Case. Syn. Inclose. Enshrine. Impannel. Board, Batten, Ant, Unpack. Extract. Expose. Dis- close. adj. See Cau- See Incar- Caro, car- carnation Incakoeeation, n. cerate. Inoaenadinb, v. tr. nis, flesh. To dye colour. Syn, Rf^dden, Rubricate, Crimson, Ant, Whiten, Pale. Etiolate. Incaenation, n. See Incar- nadine. The condition of a being ; . ,, clothed in human flesh ; appUed ■' ■ . , - , also to the manifestation of ideas , ^ ^F[^^, P?™* °\ ^^,S^^- „ ^ .._,,_,.._ Syn. Impingement, Impact. Strode, or sentiments m hvmg persons, I ant. Reflection. ResiuSce. iieboi^i Incautious, tious. Incendiarism, n. Incendere, to burn. Used of malicious de- struction of property by fire. Stn. Arson, Conflagration. Ant. Extinction. Annihilation, Quench- ing, Incendiary, n. See Incen- diarism. Incense, v. See- Incendiarism. Used metaphorically. Syn, Inflame, Irritate Provoke. Sting. Nettle. Exasperate. Gall, Chafe, Ant, Allay. Soothe. Pacify. Appease, MolUfy, Conciliate. Inception, n. Incipere, to be- gin. See Beginning. ■ Incentive, n. Incinere, to strike up a tune. A stirring up by note or sound. Stn, Inducement, Excitation, Rous- ing. Motive, Stimulus, Ant, Discouragement. Warning. Dis- suasive. Prohibition. Deterrent. Incbptor, n. See Inception. Incertitude, n. See Cer- tainty. Incessant, adj. In, not, and cessare, to cease. Syn. Continual. Uninterrupted. Un- intermitted. Perpetual. Ant. Periodic, Occasional inter- rupteJ, Intermittent. Inchoation. n. Incnoaie, to beyin. See Inception. Inoidenok, n. Incide^e, to The falling or striking at Synonyms and Antonyms. 217 Incident, n. See Incidence and Event, InoidentaIi, adj. See Inci- dent. Used of that which regu- larly, and that which casually, befalls a thing, without being absolutely essential to it. Syn. Casaal. Occasional. Appertinent. Concomitant. Concurrent. Accidental. Ant. Systematic. Regular. Indepen- dent Disconnected. Irrelative. Essential. Immanent. Inherent. Uniform. Inva- riable. Incipienob, re. See Inception. Incipient, adj. See Inception and Beginning. iNCiEcrrMSPBOT, adj. See Cir- cumspect. Incite, v. tr. Incitare. See Urge. Incivility, n. See Civil. Inclement, adj. In, not, and clemens, clement. Sttt. Harsh. Tyrannical. CrueL Un- merciful. Ant. Mild. Benign. Clement. Genial. MercifuL Inolihb, V. tr. and int. In- dinare. Stk. Slope. Bear. Lean. Point Tend. Dispose. Induce. Dip. Bias. Prompt. Ant. Trend. Diverge. Ascend. Deter. Rise. Indispose. Disincline. Incline, n. See verh. Inclination, n. See Incline. Inclusive, adj. Indudere, to include. Stn. Comprehensive. Additive. Em- bracing. Implied. Am:. Exclusive. Excepted. Benuntia- li vc. Adversative. Incognizable, adj. See Cog- nizance. Incoherence, n. See Co- here. Stn. Disunion. Disruption. Inconsecu- tlTenf^ss. Solution. Dij^connection. AliT. Coherence, Continuity. Closeness. Incombustible, adj. In not, and comhuro, ustus, to burn. Stn. Uninflammable. Apblogistlc. Ant. Inflammable. Combustible. iNCOMBUSTIBILITy, n. Sit Combustibility. Income, n. In and come. Stn. Proceeds. Pay. Allowance. Ant. Disbursement. Expenditure, Incommensurable, adj. See Commensurate. Incommode, v. tr. See Accom- modate, Incommunicable, adj. See Communicate. Stn. Intransferable. Inalienable, Ant. Transferable. Alienable. Com- municable. Incomparable, adj. See Com- parable, Stn. Matchless. Unique, Consummate, Transcendent Amt. Common. Ordinary. Average. Incompassionate, adj. See Compassion. Stn. Hardhearted. Unmerciful. Ant. Clement. Benignant. Compae sionate. Merciful. Incompatible, adj. See Com- patible. Incompetence, n. See Com- petence. Incomplete, adj. See Complete, Incomprehensible, adj. See Comprehend. Stn. Mysterious. Unfathomable, Enig- matical. Ant. Comprehensible. Cognizable. Plain. Incomprehension, n. See Comprehension. Incompressible, adj. See Com- press. Inconceivable, adj. See Con- ceive. Inconcinnitt, n. See Con» cinnity, Inoonclusite, adj. Se( Con- clusive 218 Synonyms and Antonyms. lKCONGK0Oli, adj. See Con- pruous. Inconsidekablb, adj siderable. . See Con- TKCONSIDBKATE, Cbdj. siderate. See Con- Tnconsistent. adj. Bistent. See Con- Inconsolable, adj. sole. See Con- Inconsonant, adj. sonant. See Con- Incontestable, adj. See Con- test. Syn. Indisputable. Unquestionable. tJn- 'i^sail:^ble. Impregnable. Ant. Dubious. Questionable. Problem- itical. Supposititious. Arbitraiy. Assnmp- *ive. HypothoticaL Incontiguous, adj. See Con- •liguous. Incontinent, adj. See Conti- nence. Incontinently, adv. See In- continent. Used also in the sense of immediately, i. e., with- out holding in for a moment. Inconteovbrtible, adj. See Controvertible. iNCONTEOVEETrBILITT, n. See ControTertibility. Inconvbnient, adj. See Con- venient. Inconvbesible, adj. In, not, and conversari, to hold conversa- tion. See Affable. Inconvbbtible, adj. See Con- vprtible. Incoepoeeal, adj. See Cor- fjoieal. Inooepoeatb, v. tr. See Cor- poreal and Disintegrate. IsoouEEOT, adj. See Correct. Incoeeigiblb, adj. See Cor- rigible. Incoeeuptiblb, adj. See Cor- rupt. Incoeeuption, n. See Cor- ruption. iNCEJSflATB, V. tr. In and crassiis, mick. See Thicken. Inoebasb, v. tr. and int. In and crescere, to grow. See De- crease. iNCiiBDrBLB, adj. See Cre- dible. Incrkdulitt, n. See Credu- Uiy. Incev.ment, n. See Decre- ment. Inoeust, v. tr. CrvMa, a crust. To covei with a coat or crust. Sra. Coat Overlay. Plaster. Ajrr. Scmpe. Abrade. Levigate. Exfo- liate, Inotjlcate, V. tr. In and calr, the lieel. To impress, and, as it were, stamp in. Stn. Impress. Urge. Enforce. Press. Teach. Ant. Insl-iuate. Suggest Disavow. Abjure. Den' jnce. InculP-' te, v. tr. In and culpa, af'iult. See Implicate. Incumbent, adj. Incumbere, to lie upon. Syn. Pressing. Urgent. Devolvent Ob- ligatory. Ant. Optional. Discretional Incde, V. tr. Incurrere, to run into. Stn. Meet Eun. Ant. Avoid. Shun. Elude. Escape Incurable, adj. See Cure. Syn, Irremediable, Irredeemable. Ant, Tractable, Bemovable, Beir.«it> able. Incuriosity, n. See CuikM sity. Synonyms and Antonyms. 219 IscuBSioN, n. See Incur. Stn. Jnvasiiin. Encroachment. Raid. Dragonuatle. Sally. Ant. Encampment Seftlement. Abode. rietreaC. Inouevation, n. In and cur- oare, curviis, to bend. See Bend. Indagation, n. Indaqari, to track or trace. See Examine. Indebted, adj. In and debere, to ume. Debitum, a debt. Syn. OWi^ert. Beholden^ Ant. Disobliged. Unbeholden. Indecent, adj. See Decent. Indecision, n. See Decision. Indecisive, adj. See Decision. Indecokum, io. In, not, and dernr, grace or propriety. Stit. Impropriety. Coarseness. Incor- rectness. Ant. Propriety. Decorum. Correctness. Indefatigable, adj. In, not, defatigiire, to wear out by fatl.gue. Stn. Unwearied. Incessant. Persistent. Indomitable. Ant. Indolent. Indifferent. Idle. Indefeasible, adj. See Fea- sible. Not to be undone. Stn. Irreversible. Unalterable. Immu- table. Ant. Reversible. Alterable. Mutable, Indefensible, adj. See De- fensible. Indefinite, adj. See Definite. Indelible, adj. In, no', de- lere, to wipe out. Syn. Indestructible. Indefeasible. In- effaceable. Persistent. Irreversible. Ant. Mutable. Evanescent. Transient. Effaceable. Indelioate, adj. In, not, and delicatus, nice. Stn. Coarse. Broad. Indecent. Ant. Nice. Refined. Modest. Delicate. Indemnify, i;. in 7n,«o<,and damnum, loss or damage. To rescue or secure from loss or damage. Stn. Compensate. Secure. Satisfy. Re- imburse. AST. Fine. Mulct. Amerce. Independence, n. See De- pendence. Indescribable, oaf/. See De- scribe. Stn. Uiiaecoxmtable. Inexpressible. In- effable. Unutterable. Ant. Familiar. Ordinary, Indestrttctible, adj. See Do stroy. Stn. Imperisbable. Indiscerptible. Ant. Perishable. Destructible. 1)» soluble. Indeterminate, adj. See De- terminate. Indicate, v. tr. Indicare, to point out. Stn. Show. Evidence. Betray. Evince. ManifeRt. Declare. Specify. Ant. Conceal, Contradict, Negative. Misindicate, Misdirect. Falsify. Indication, n. See Indicate. Stn. Mark. Sign. Token. Manifesta- tion. Evidence. Demonstration. Proof. Prognostic. Ant. Silence. Undemonstrativenesa. Sur- mise. Misdirection. Misindication. Mis- guidance. Indict, v. tr. ludictare, from dicere, to charge. See Charge. Indifference, n. In, not, and differentia, a difference. The want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference, and con- sequently, in a secondary sense, the careless feeling about such cases. Stn. Triviality. Unimportance. Insig- nificance. Coolness, Carelessness. Com posure. Ant. Importance. Significance. Weight. Gravity. Eagerness. Interest. Affection Ardour. Indigent, adj. In and egere, to want. Stn. Poor. Straitened. Impecuniou. Ant. Wealthy. Rich. Mooied. Indigestible, adj See Digest Stn. Crude. Raw. Heavy. Ant. Digestible. Nutritive. Light. Indignation, n. In, not, and diynus. Oomp. Dignity. Worthj 220 Synonyms and Antonyms. the feeling foused by an un- worthy act. Stw. Resell iLent Denunciation. Pro- testation. Ant. Gratification. Admiration. Ap- ptause. Approval. Complacency. Indignity, n. See Iniigna- tion. An offence against per- sonal dignity. SrN. Insult Outrage. Affront. Dis- respect. ANT. Deference. Compliment. Homage. Respect. Indiligence, n. See Dili- gence. Indirect, cidj. See Direct. Indiscernible, adj. See Dis- cernible. Indiscerptible, adj. Lat. dis and carpere, to pluck or pull. See Indestructible. Indisooverablb, adj. See Dis- cover. Sts. Untraceable. Incognizable. Ant. Cognizable. Traceable. Disco- verable. Indiscreet, adj. See Dis- creet. Indiscretion, n. See Discre- tion. Indiscriminate, adf. See Dis- criminate. Used both of objects and actively of character. Syn. Mixed. Confused Medley. Pro- miscuous. 111-asBorced. Undisceming. Aht. Careful. Sorted. Select. Discern- ing. Indiscrimination, n. See In- discriminate. Indispensable, adj. See Dis- pensable. Indisposed, adj. See Dis- pose. Stn. Disinclined. Unwilling. Reluc- tant. Sick. Ailing. Ant. Inclined. Prompt. Ready. Will- ing. Eager. Desirous. Sound. Healthful. Indisputable, adf. See Dis- imtant and Incontestable. Indissolublb, adj. See Dw- solute. Stn. Inviolable. Inseparable. _L(lb- cerptible. Indestructible. Ant. Separable. Termlnablb. Dlscerp- tible. Dissoluble. Indistinct, adj. See Distinct. Indistinguishable, adj. See Distinguish. Syn. Indiscernible. Inappreciable. Mi- nute. Confused. Ant. Distinguishable. Conspicuous. Indite, v. tr. Same word as Indict, but differently employed. Stn. Prompt. Suggest. Dictate, Word. Ant. Write. . Transcribe. Pen. Individual, adj. In, not, and dividuus, divided or divisihle. Stn. Personal Specific. Peculiar. In- Singnlar. Idiosyn- Identical. Common. Collective. divisible, cratlc. Aht. General. Plural. iHDinsiBLE, adj. See Divide. Stn. Minute. Atomic. Ultimate. Ant. Divisible. Dlscerptlble. Sepa- rable. Indocilitt, n. See Docile. Indoctrinate, v. tr. In and doctrina, doctrine. Docere, to teach. See Instruct. Indolence, n. In, not, and dolere, to feel pain. A state of painless inactivity; the tendency on the part of persons to desire such a state. Stn. See Activity. Indomitable, adj. Domitare, io td-me. Stn. Invincible. Untameable. Irre- pressible. Indefatigable. Ant. Effortless. Feeble. Languid. Indorse, v. tr. In and dor- sum, a buck. To write a signar ture of approval or conflimation at the back of a document. Used metaphorically. Stn. Sanction. Approve. Subecrlbe. Accept. Ant. Protest. Repudiate. C-uiceL Ab* jure. Renounce. Indubitablk, aij. wid Incontestable. Indubioits, adj. See Dubious and Doubt. Induce, v. tr. In and dticere, to bring or draw on. Used of natural agency, a power, influ- ence, and also of the exercise of will. Syn. Prodnce. Cause. Prompt. Per- Euade. Instigate. Ant. Slave. Prevent. Disincline. Dis- suade. Inditction, n. See Induce. Used in the sense of bringing a number of individuals or in- stances together ; to make a class or principle. Stit. Collection. Collation. Gathering. Application, as correlative to It. AST. Statement. Generalization, Pro- position. Class. Principle. Law. Deduc- tion. Inference. Ajgumentatioo. Dis- course. Indub, V. tr. Indiiere, to jout on. See Divert. Indulge, v. tr. Indulgere, from indoles, the nature or temperament. Act. and neut. To grant what is pleasing to another and also to one's self. Used grammatically as governing both persons and objects. Stn. Spoil. Pampfer. Humour. Gra- tify. Cherish. Bask. Revel. GroveL Airr. Thwart. Deny. Contradict. Dis- appoint. Discard. Abjure. Counteract. Benounce. Mortify. ' Discipline. Indulgence, n. See Indulge. Induration, n. In and durus, hard. See Harden. Industkt, n. Industry. SiK. Activity. Toil. Assiduity. Dili- gence. Perseverance. Ant. Inactivity. Ease. Indiligence. indolence. Inebriety, n. See Ebriety. Inbpfable, In, not, and effa- yilis. Effari, to speak. **" Inexpressible Inconceivable. In- Synonyms and Antonyms. See Doubt 221 surpassable. Indeclarable. Indescribal^a Exquisite. Perfect. AUT. Common. Trivial. SuperflclaL Vulgar. Conversational. Colloquial. Ob< vious. Commonplace. Ineeeablt, adv. See Inef- fable. Inbpfeotual, adv. See Effec- tual. Inelastic, adj. See Elastic. Inelegant, adj. See Ele- gance. Ineligible, adj. See Eligible. Inept, adj. See Apt. Inequality, n. See Equality. Inequitable, adj. See Equi- table. Inert, adj. Lat. iners. Comp. of in, not, and ars, art. Inca- pable of skilful employment; hence disinclined to employment generally. STif. Indolent. gisb. Heavy. Ant. Active. Energetic. Slothful Lazy. Slug. Alert. Brisk. Inertia. See Inertness, n. Inert. Inestimablb, adj. See Esti- mable. It has also the sense of priceless ; that is, 1, not to be esteemed ; 2, not to be sufficiently estimated. In, not, evi- Inbvitable, adj. tare, to escape. Syn. Unavoidable. Infallible. Ant. Avoidable. Uncertain. Indeter- minate. Inexact, adj. See Exact. Inexcitablb, adj. See Ex- citability. Inexcusable, cuse. Stn. Unmitigated, defensible. Ant. Mitigable. Pajllable. Justiflab*A I Vlndicablo n^fonsible. Pardonable. adj. See El- Uupazdonable. In- 222 Synonyms and Antonyms. Inbxhaustible, ac^'. See Ex- haust. Stn, IncflBsaiit. Unwearied. Indefa- tigable. Perennial, lUlmitabLe. Ant. Limited. Scant. Poor. Ihexistenoe, n. See Exist- ence. Inexokablb, adj. In, not, exorare, to entreat. Syn. Merciless. Unrelenting. Ant. Lenient, ExorabLe, Indulgent. Benignant. Clement, Inexpedient, adj. See Expe- diency, Stn. Undesirable. Inadvisable, Dis- advantageous. Akt. Advisable, Profitable, Expedient, Inbxpbnsivb, adj. See Expen- sive. iNBXPBRiElifCK, odj. See Ex- perience. SrN. Ignorance. Inconversance. Un- familiarify. Strangeness. Ant. Experience. Familiarity. Inbxpkbt, adj. See Expert. Inhxpiablk, adj. See Expiate. Syn. Unatoneable. Unpardonable. Aht. Expiable. Bedeemable. Pardon- able. Atoneable. Inexplicable, adj. See Ex- plicate. Syn. Mysterious. Enigmatical. Ant. Obvious. Plain. Easy. Inexpressible, adf. See Ex- press and Indescribable. Inexpressive, adj. See Ex- press. Syn. Characterless. Blank. Ant. Expressive. Telling, Speaking, Inbxtensivb, adj. See Ex- tensive. Inbxtension, n. See Exten- sion. Inextinguishable, adj. See Extinguish. Inbxteicablb, adj. See Ex- tricate. SiTN, Overwhelming. Irredeemable. Fa- tal Ayr. Remediable Redeemab'e, Infalliblb, adj. See Pftlli- ble. Inpamt, n. In, not, and fama, fame. Syn. Despair. De^adation. Dlahonour. Ant. Honour. Reputation. Celebrity. Glory. Renown. Infantile, adj. Infans, an infant ; in, not, and fari, to speak. Like an infant or child, Stn, Puerile, Childish, Imbecile. Ant. Manly. Mature, Vigorou-i, R habit. neutly. oTN. Occupy. Tenant. Colonize. Settle. Ant. Abandon. Fotsake. Migrate. Inhabitant, ??. Sec Inhabit. Syn. Occupant. Tenant. Resident. Na- tive. Innijite. Ant. Stranger. Visitor. Intruder. Traveller. Foreigner. fr. and int. See See Har- Inhale, v. Exhalation. Syn. Inspire. Snuff. Absorb. Ant. Exhale. Inharmonious, adj. monious. Inherent, adj. In and hcerercj to stick. Stn. Innate. Congenital. Immanent. Ingrained. Akt. Foreitm. Ascititious. .Separable. Temporary. Extraneous. Inherit, v. tr. In and liceres, edis, an heir. To come in for, as the heir, or analogously. Syn. Occiipv. Possess. Knjoy. Ant. Acquire. Earn. Gain. Squander. AUen^ite. Dissipate. Bequeath. Leave. Demi&e. Devise. Inheritance, n. See Inherit. Syn. Bequest. Legacy. Heritage. Here- ditament. Ant. Purchase. Donation. Acquisi- tion. Dissipation. Alienation. Forfeiture. Lapse. Escheatment. Inheritor, n. See Inherit. Syk. Heir. Successor. Legatee. De- visi'e. Ant. Deviser. Testator, Inhesion, n. See Inhere. Syn. introsusception. Jiinateness. In- herence. Indwelling. Ingialnedness. Im- manence. AsT. Emanonce. Eoaission. Ejection. Exti-usiou. ExiracCion. Inhibit, v. tr. Inhihere. To hold in, and so restrain. Stn. Prevent. Hinder. Prohibit, Re- Btrain. Debar. Ant. Urge. Incite. Permit. Encourage. Impel. Inhospitable, adj\ See Hos- pitable. Inhuman, adj. See Human. Inhume, v. tr. Inimical, adj. amicus, %i friend. and Friendly. Inimitable, adj. tate. Syn. Transcendent Matchless, parable. Ant. Ordinary. Mediocre. Iniquity, n. In, r.ot, cequitiis, from ceqvus,just, Stn. Injustice. Wrong. 225 See Exhume. In, not, and See Hostility See Imi- Incom- and Sin. Ant. Justice. Evil-doing. Integiity. Virtue. Holi- Initiate, v. tr. Initium, inire, an entrance or ieginning. Applied, in the sense of commence, to un- dertakings, and inaugurate, to persons.' See Commence and Inaugurate. Used in the tech- nical sense of initiate or intro- duce to mysteries or cei'emonies. Lnitiated, adj. See Initiate. Initiative, re. See Initiate. Used for the first step in a course of action. Syn. Start. Leadership. Commence- ment. Example. Ant. Waice. Eear. Prosecution. Ter- mination. Inject, v. tr. See Eject. Injudicious, adj. See Judi- cious. Injunction, re. See Enjoin. Injure, v. tr. Injuria. la, not, Sind.jus,rifilit. A wrong or hurt. When things without life are said to be injured, they are regarded as valuables or posses- sions. The term is often u^-'l loosely of persons, as, ' be injured (meaning he hurt) ' his hand.' Stn. Danlagi y*^ound. Hurt. Wrong Impair. Maltreat. Ant. Benefit. Profit. Repair. Ad- vance. Advantage. Injury, n. See Injure. 226 Synonyms and Antonyms. Injustice n. See Justice. Inlet. In and let. Used sometimes in the sense of open- ing or commencement. ^YN. Opening. Ingress. ment. Ant. Outlet. Commence- Egress. Debouchure. Inmate. In and Icel. matz, equal or companion. See Inha- bitant. IjfNATB. In and natus, horn. Born in a person, or so habitual as to seem so. See Congenital. Inner, Inmost. In, prep.; comparative and superlative. Syn. Interior. Vital. Secret. Close. Ant. Exterior. Outer. Outermost. Open. Innocence, n. Innocentia. In, not, and nocere, to hurt. Spe- cific, or generally of character and disposition. Syn. Innocuousness. InofFensiveness. Guileiessness. GuilLlessneas. Simplicity. Purity, Sinlessness. Ant. Hurtfulness. Offensiveness. Guile. Guilt. CoDtaminatloD. Corruption. Im- purity. Sinfulness. Innocent, adj. See Inno- cence. Innocuous, adj. See Inno- cent. Used rather of physical, as innocent of moral properties. Inolfensive. Harmless. Whole- Hurtful. Deleterious. SVN. m>me. Ant. Obnoxious, Insidious, Innovation, n. In and novns, new. An introduction, commonly implying a want of reason or authority, of something new into a previously existing system. Syn. Alteration. Reversal. Novelty. Newfanglediiess, Ant, Conservation, Maintenance. Ar- chaism. Old-laahion. Obsoleteness. Innoxious, adj. See Noxious. Innumeeable, adj. See Num- Innuteitious, adj. See Nn- trition. Inobservance, n. See Observ- ance. Inoculate, v. tr. In and ocn- lus, an eye. Used here for the eye or slit into which the graft is inserted. It is applied both to persons inoculated and the sub- jects of the inoculation. Syn. Impregnate. Indoctrinate. Tfnize. Insert, Imbue, Instil. Ingrain. Ingraft. Ant. Disabuse, Unteacb. Prune. Di- vest. Inodorous, adj. See Odorous. Inoitensive, adj. See Offen- sive. iNorricious, adj. See Offi- cious. Inoperative, adj. See Operar tive. Inoppoetune, adj. See Op- portune. Inoedinatb, adj. In, not, and oi'do, order. Syn. Extravagant. Disproportionate, Un- regulated. E.\orbilant. Ant. Regular. Just. Moderate. Inoeganio, adj. See Organic. Inosculate, v. int. In and osculum. Used in a neut. and act. sense. SvN. Blend, Unite Intertwine. So- lidify. Anastomose. Intersect. Interpene- trate. Ant. Separate. Diverge. Biiiircate. Dis- unite. Divorce. Inquietude, n. See Quiet. Inquinate, v. tr. Lat. inqui- nare. See Contaminate. Inquiry, to seek. Syn, Interrogation. Queftion. Asking Investigation, Searrh, Examination. Akt. Conjecture. Guess. intulMon. Hy poliiesis. Assninpiion. Suppositlou. Inquisitoeial, adj. See In and quoererc. In- iSynonyms and Antonyms, qxdrj Having the character of arrogant inqiusitiyeness. Stn. Minute. Arbitrary. Over-curious. Scrutinizinf;. Ant. Superficial. Perfunctory. Unin- quisitive. Incurious. Inobeevvant. Un- Bcrutiiiizing. Inroad, n. In and road. Syn. Invasion. Raid. Incursion. Dra- gonnade. Irruption. Trespass. Infringe- ment. Ant. Occupation. Settlement. Evacua- tion. Retreat. Sally. Outbreak. Excur- sion. Egress. Insalubrity, n. See Salu- brity. InsanBj adj. In, not, and sanuSj sound. See Mad. Insanity, n. See Madness. Insatiable, adj. See Satisfy. Syn. Voracious. Unappeasable. Omni- vorous. Ravenous. Ant. Moderate. Delicate. Fastidious. Dainty. Squeamish. Inscribe, v, tr. In and scri- here, to write. To write upon. Stn. Letter. Write. Isabel. Designate, Delineate. Mark. Imprint. Ant. Erase. Efface. Cancel. Oblite- rate. Expunge. Inscroll, v. tr. In and scroll. To write the name or thing on a scroll, or to ornament with scroll- work. Scroll, from Fr. escrolerj which from corrotulare, rotulus, a roll. Syn. Enlist. Register. EnrolL Pat- tern. Flourish. Record. Calendar. Ant. Erase. DisenrolL Cashier. Ex- punge. Obliterate. Efface. Deface. Inscrutable. adj\ In, n and scrutari, to investigate. The positive has dropped out of use. Stn. Unintelligible. Untraceable. Mys- terious. Unfathomable. Profound. Insolv- able. Ant. Obvious. iSelf-evident. Familiar, fntetliflble. Explainable. Insecure, adj\ See Secure. Insensate, adj. In, not, and census, feeling or perception. Snr. Brute. Insenaitive. InaenaibiU) 227 Unfeeling. Stolid. Insusceptible. Unini- pressible. Ant. Sensitive. Feeling. Quick. RaKa- cious. Discriminating. Observing. Acute. Susceptible, impressible. Insensibility, n. See Sensi- bility. Insensible, adj. See Sensi- ble. Insbpakablb, adj. See Sepa- rable. Insert, v. tr. In and serere, to plant. See Introduce. Inside, prep, and adv. In and side. Sm. Within. Internally. Akt. Without. Outside. Extraneonsly E.tternally. Insidious, adj. Insidiosus, in- sidiari, to sit or lie in wait. Sts. Wily. Treacherous. Designing. Dangerous. Ant. Straightforward. Sincere. Un- desigiiing. Innocuous. Insignificant, adj. See Sig- nificant. Insincere, adj. Sie Sincere. Insinuate, v. tr. In and, sinus, the fold or hosom of a rohe. To insert, as it were, into the bosom. Used both of persons and subjects. Stn. Introduce. Insert Worm. Ingra- tiate. Ant. Withdraw. Retract. Alienate. Extract. Insipid, adj. See Sapid. Syn. Tasteless. Vapid. Uninteresting. Characterless. Flavourless. Flat. Insnlse. Ant. Tasty. Sapid. Relishing. Racy. Interesting. Engaging. Insist, v. int. In, on., and sistere, to stand. To stand on u thing as necessary or right. Followed hy prep, on Sin. Stand. Demand. Maintain. Coiv tend. Ant. Abandon. Waive. Concede. Yielrf Surrender. Forego. Inskaeb, V. tr. In and snare. u2 228 hyiionyms and Antonyms. Sin. Intrap. Cajole. Pocoy. Allure, Catch, InveiEle, Alrr, Etilighten, Warn, Deter, Dis- suade, Rescue. Liberate, llelease. Extri- cate, Iksobkibtt, n. See Sobriety, iNSOliENCB, n. In, not, and solere, to he accustomed, snlita, cudom,s of society. The arrogance which overrides the customary restraints of society. Stn. Arrogance, Assumption, Impu- dence. Ant. Deference, Cotisideration. Polite- ness. Modesty, Bashfulness, Insoluble, adj. See Soluble. Insolvablb, adj. See Solve and Inscrutable. Insolvent, adj. In, not, and solvere, to pay. Having not the means of paying his debts. SrN. Banlcrupt. Ruined. Penniless, beggared. Ant. Flusu, jjiourisbmg, Monied. Thriving, Inspect, v. tr. Inspicere, to look into. Stn, Scrutinize. Examine, Investigate, Searcti, Overhaul, Ant. Overlooix, Connive. Di.smiss, Glance. Misobserve, Misinvestigate, Pretermit. Inspector, n. See Inspect. Inspibation, n. In and spi- rare, to hreathe. That which is breathed into the soul or mind, as it were, by Divine influence. Stn, Poesy. Frenzy, Impulse, Reve- lation. Intuition, Afflatus, Ant, Study, Elaboration, Learning, Acquirement, Observation, Education, Inspieb, v. tr. See Inspira- tion, Stn, Animate, Inspirit, InHame, Im- bue, Impel, Encourage, Ant, Depress, Dispirit, Discourage. Deter, Inspirit, v. tr. See Inspire. Inspissation, n. In and spis- «!is, thick. A thickening of the puii/Jiji6s, especially of liquids. Srs, Thickening, Turbidity, Incrassa- tiou. Densification, Ant. RefiniMi;. Straining, PeraiAtloa Prcc pitatiun, Clariflcatioa Tenuity, Instability, n. See Stability, Instal, v. tr. In and stahio- lum, a fixed standing pla<-e ; from stare, to stand. Comp. Stall and Stable, Sin. Establish. Institute, Induct, In- vest. Ant. Deprive, Disinstal- Strip, De- grade, Disinvest, Eject, Instalment, n. See Instal. A security by periodical repay- ment. Used in the wider sense of a portion of a larger quantity. Stn. First-fruits. ParUpayment. Drib- let, Ant, Payment, Reimbursement. Ac- quittal, Liquidation, Oanceiment. Instance, «. InMaiitia. In and stare. Has the twofold sense of insistence, but in a milder form, and case or circumstance illustrative of a rule or state- ment. Stn, Entreaty. Request, Prompting, Persuasion, Example, Solicitation. Case. Illustration, Exemplification. Ant, Dissuasion, Deprecation. Warn- ing, Rule, Statement. Principle. Mis- exemplification. Instant, n. See Instance. The moment of time present now or at a given period. Syn. Moment. Second, Minute. Twink- ling. Trice. Ant, Period. Duration. Cycle. Time. Permanence, Perpetuity, Ettrnity, Instattration, n. In and obsolete staurare, to establish. Comp. Store and Eestore. Se-j Establish. Instigate, v. tr. Instigare, tc urge on with a goad or spur [ from Gr. a-rl^eiv, (rriy^a. Comp. Stigma. Sec Urge. Instil, v. tr. Instillare, stilla, a drop. To pour or soak drop by drop. Stn. Pour, Infuse, Intrudnce. lie port. Implant. Insinuate. Synonyms and Antonyras. 229 Aht. Drain. Strain. Extract Eradi- Mte. Extirpate. Eliminate, Remove. luSTniCT, n. Instinguere, to prick in, or impuncture. A sense of practical expedients, as it were, impunctured in the nature. Stn. Prompting. Impulse. Intuition. Indinatioit. Ant. Reason. Reasoning. Abstraction. Deliberation. Experience. Experiment. £laI]oration. Judgment. Institute, v. tr. Jnstituere, to institute. Applied to the in- stitution and the person insti- tuted. STlf. Found. Establish. Erect. In- vest. Insial. Appoint. Induct. Akt. Disestablish. Subvert. Disinvest. Degrade. Deprive. Institutob, n. See Institute. Instruct, v. tr. Instruere, structus, to lay a foundation (of knowledge). Stn. Enlighten. Educate Inform. In- doctrinate. Acquaint. Teach. Kdify. Ant. Misinform. Miseducate. Misin- struct. Misguide. Mislead. Misacquaint. Deceive. Neglect. Barbarize. Brutalize. Instruction, n. See Instruct. Instructor, to. See Instruct. Instrument, n. See Instruct. That which is employed as the floor, basis, pivot, or hinge of action or proceeding. Applied to things mechanical and legal. Stn. Implement. Utensil. Tool. Docu- ment. Deed. Record Muniment. Means. Ajn*. Misapplication. Counteraction. Counteragent. Neutralizer. Opponent. Bar. Obstruction. Preventive. Stop. Instrumentality, to. See In- strument. Srrr. Agency. Intervention. Medium. Use. Employment. Means. AliT. Non-intervention. Spontaneity. Efficacy. Virtue. Property. Quality. Force. Couiitgragency. Neutralization. In SUAVITY, 10. See Suavity. Insuboedikatb, adj. See Sub- ; Insurmountable, adj. ordinate. I Surmotrntable. Stn. Resistent. Recalcitrant. Rebel- lious. Undutifui. Refractory, ANT, Submissive. Diitilui Docile. Obe- dient. Insubstantial, adj. See Sub- stantial. Insubstantialitt, to. See Sub- stantial. Insufferable, ndj. See Suffer. Syn, Intolerable. Unpennissible. Un- allowable, Ant, Tolerable. Allowable. Endurable. Supportable. Insufficient, adj. See Suffi- cient. IisrsuLSE, adj. In, not, and sahus, salt — in jlavour or in wit See Insipid. Insult, v. tr. Insilire, sultns, to leap upon in assault. Meta- phorically, to trample on a per- son's self-respect. Myn. Affront. Outrage. Dishonoul Provoke. Mock. Ridicule. Ant. Respect, Salute. Honour. Prai&& Flatter. Compliment. Gratify. Insult, n. See Insult, verh. Insuperable, adj. See Supe- rable. Insupportable, adj. See Sup- portable. Insupphessiblb, adj. See Sup- pressible. Insure, v. tr. In and sure, from securus, secure. Syn. Provide. Slabilitate. Guarantee. Secure. Warrant. Ant, Imperil. Jeopardize. Shake. Stake. Insurgent, n. In, on or against, and surgere, to rise. One who rises np in rebellion. Sin. Malcontent. Rebel. Traitor. Mu- tineer. Rioter. Ant. Patriot. Adherent. Supporter. Constabulary. Executive. Ruler. Magis- See 230 Synonyms and Antonyms. Insttbeeotion, «. See Insui- gent. Sin. Rebellion. Rising. Riot, Anarchy. Tumult. Mutiny. Emeute. Pronounce- ment, Ant, Law. Peace. Order. Obedience. Government. Submission. Subjection. Servitude. Bondage. Subsidence. Pacifi- cation. Acquiescence. Instjsceptible, adj. See Sus- ceptible. Intact, adj. In, not, and trictus, from tangere, touched. Syw. Pure. TJndefiled. Uncontamlnated. Uncorrupted. Safe. Uninjured. Unhurt. Scatheless. Inviolate. Sacred. Ajs't. Foul. Defiled. Contaminated. Corrupt. Hurt. Injured. Affected. Intangible, adj. We. See Tangi- Intbgbate, v. tr. Integer, whole. Comp. Entire. To make whole, or into a whole. Stn. Sum. Complete. Solidify. Conso- lidate. Ant. Disintegrate. Discompound. Ana- lyze. Dismember. Amputate. Disunite. Detach. Remove. Integration, n. See Inte- grate. Integrity, n. See Integrate. That entireness of character which tends to preserve man's relations to his fellows. SlTf. Uprightness. Honour. Honesty. Probity. Truthlulness. Candour. Single- mindedness, Coiisclentiou>ness. AsT. Unfairness, Sleight. Under- handedness. Meanness. Chiraiiory. Fraud. Duplicity. Rogueiy. Rascality. Integument, n. In and te- gere, to cover. Used of such coverings as are afforded not by art, but nature. Sttt. Covering. Protection. Envelope. Crust. A^■T. Nudity. Bareness. Callowness. Abrasion. Exposure. Intellect, n. I'tellectus, in- telligere, to understand. SrN. Understanding. Mind Reason. Instinct. Consciousness. Ant. Matter. Mechanism. Organiza. tion. Force. Growth. Pr'ipensiun. Pas- sion. Iktklligence, n. See Intel- lect. Used in the twofold sense of the faculty of understanding,, and that which is submitted to ii in the way of tidings. Stn. UnderstAnding. Apprehension. Comprehension. Conception. Announce- ment. Report. Rumour. Tidings. News. Information. Publication. Ant. Misunderstanding. Misinformation. Misapprehension. Misconception. Stupidity. Dulness. Suppression. Ignorance. Dark- ness. Concealment. Silence. Non-publi- cation. Misguidance. Misintelligence. Mlsreport. Intelligible, adj'. See Intel- lect. That may be easily under- stood. See Inscrutable. Intemperate, adj. See Tem- perate. Intend, v. tr. Intendere. To stretch towards an object men- tally, with the purpose of action. See Purpose. Intensity, n. See Intend. Syn. Tension. Force. Strain. Atten- tion. Eagerness. Ardour. Energy. Con- centration. Akt. Laxity. Debility. Relaxation. Languor. Indifference. Coolness. Hebe- tude. Diminution. Intent, adj. Used in the sense of intending. See Intend. S™. Eager. Fixed. Bent Ant. Indifferent. Distracted. Diverted. Intention, n. See Intend and Purpose. Intentional, adj. See In- tend. Syn, Purposed. Designed. Deliberate. Ant. Undesigned. Casual. Uninten- tional. Accidental. Fortuitous. Inter. In and terra, the earth, Syn. Bury. Inhume. Ant. Exhume. Disinter. Intercede, v. tr. Intercedere. To go between, for the implied purpose of making some petition Srjnonyms and Antonyms. 231 on behalf of another. To go be- tween the sironger and the weaker party. Followed by the •prey), for. SvN. Mediate. Interpose. Interfere. AdvMcale. Pleiid. Ant. Abandon. Incriminate. Charge. Inculpate. Atcuse. Iktbrcept, V. tr. Inter and eapcre, to take or catch. To catch a thing or person on a certain course. SvN. Arrest. Stop. Catcli. Seize. Neu- tralize. Akt. Send. Despatch. Forward. De- pute. Cunimission. Delef^ate. Exchange. Interchange. Inlercommunicate. Intbbcession, n. See Inter- cede. Intbkchange, n. See Change. A giving and taking between two parties. SzN. Barter. Reciprocation. Recipro- city. IntercommunlcdtiuD. Correspondence. Intercourse. Mulualily. Ant. Ste Intercept. Interchange, v. See noun. Inteecommunication, n. See Interchange. Intercourse, n. Inter, be- tween, and cursun, a course (fit deahng). Used of two parties. Syn, Correspondence. Dealing. Inter- conmunlcatlon. Ant. Reticence. Suspension. Cessation. Disconnection. Interceplion. Intei-peila- tion. Tntebcuerence, n. See Inter- course. Stf. Intervention. Intrusion. Inter- venience. Interception. Aht Non-intervention. Unobstructed- ness. Non-interception. Interdict, 1^. ir. Inter, dicere, dictus. To come authoritatively with prohibition between a party and the thing prohibited. Used actively of things and persons. Stk. Prohibit. Restrain. Ksiop. Dis- allow. AitT. Concede. Indulge. Grant. Adow Interest. Interesse. To como between, so as to make or show a difference. As in the phrase, • It makes a great difference to me,' meaning, my interest is much affected. Hence the na- tural feeling about such cases, namely, anxiety or attention. Used technically for the aggre- gation of persons commonly con- cerned, as, ' the agricultural inte- rest,' and other technical senses. Stn. Concern. Business. Advantage. Profit. Attention. Curiosity. Behalf. Cause. Ant. Unconcern. Disconnection. Repu- diation. Disadvantage. Loss. Inattention. Incuriosity. Indifference. Interfere, v. tr. Inter and ferire, to strike. To strike in be- tween two contending parties to stop them. The word still re- tains the element of opposition, but is sometimes used in no sense of opposition. In these cases there is commonly a quali- fication, as, ' he interfered to save him.' Syn. ^ee Interpose. Interior, adj. Lat. Syn. Inside. Inner. AST. Exterior. Outside. Interjacent, adj. Inter and jacere, to be. Lying between. See Intermediate. Interject. Inteijicere, to throw between. See Iiy'ect. Interlace, v. tr. and int. In- ter and lace. Lat. laqueus. Syn. Cross. Reticulate. Intertwine, Interweave. Ant. Radiate. Diverge. Unravel. Dis- connect. Interlocution, n. Inter and loqui, to speu/c. Syn. Interruption. Interpellation. Ant. Speech. Oration. Flow. Unin- terruptedneas. iNTiSRLOPKR 1. Inter and Dutch loopen, to run. 232 Synonyms and Ardonyms. Stn. Intruder. Su pern urn ^rary. Ant. Member. Constituent. Intermeddle, v, int See Meddle. Intermediate, adf. Inter and mediaSj middle. Coming between. Used physically and metaphy- sically. Syn. Intervening. Included. Inter- posed. Middle. Comprised. Moderate. Ant. Circumjacent. Surrounding. En- closing. Embracing. Outside. Extreme. Excluded. Exclusive. Interment. «. See Inter. Interminable, adj. In, not, and terminufi, an end. or limit. SrN. Unending. Everlasting, Perpe- tual. Endless. Infinite. Ant, Terminable, Brief. Moderate. Curt. Short. Momentary. Intermingle, v. int. See Mingle. Intermission, n. Inter and mittere, to send or place. Pe- riodical delay or cessation. Syn, Cessation. Interrnplion. Discon- tinuance. Suspension. Recurrence, Ant. Continuity. Continuance. Perma- nence, Perpetuity. ConBtancy. Uninter- ruptedness. Intermit, v. tr. See Inter- mission. Stn, Suspend, Relax, Break. Discon- tinue. Ant. Continue. Prosecute. Urge. Dis- patch. Intermix, v. tr. See Mix. Intermtjtation, n. Inter and mutare, to change. A mutual variation. Stn. lutervariation. Interdlscrepancy. Jterreciprocity. Interchange. Mutuality. Ant. Unity. Uniformity. Interresist- ance. Interdependence, Internal, odj. Jjo^i.' inter nus. Stn. Inner, 'Interior, Inside, Ant. Outer. Exterior. Outside. International, adj. Inter iUid mitio, a natioT}, Stn. Interpolitical. Interdiploniatic, Ant. IiniepeiiTlent. Njn-lnterrOTtlve. Intostine Domestic Internecine, adj. Intes' and v-ecinuSj nex, neciSj death, deadly. Commonly used as an epithet of war, hatred, or hostility. Stn. Exterminating. Deadly. Irrecon- cileable. Inextinguishable. Ant. Desultory. Incurslve. Maraud- ing. Buccaneering. Freebooting. Fili- bustering. SkirmlshiDg. Guerilla. Interpellation, n, Inter^ pellarcj to interrupt. Stn. Interlocution. Suspension. Inter- ference. Ant. Promotion, Prosecution. Conduct, Flow. Uninterruptedness. Interpenetration, n. Inter~ penetrare. The mutual penetra- tion of two things. Stn. Interlngression. Interdlgitatloo, Dovetail. Inoculation. Ant. Interseparation. Literrecurrence. Interdivergence. Interpolate, v, tr. Inter and polire, tofurhish. Stn. Interlard. Interweave. Import. Garble. Gloss. Intersperse. Furbish. In- troduce. Ant. Expunge. Elide. Erase. Yerify. Authenticate. Expurgate. Interpose, v. tr. and int. In- ter and ponerCj to place. Used as act. and neut. Stn. Introduce. Insert. Intervene. In- terfere. Meddle. , Ant. Withdraw. Retract. Retire. Re- cede. Remove. Extract. Interpret, v. tr. Interpre- tarij interpres, an interpreter. Stn, Translate. Render, Constme. Explain. Expound. Expone. Represent. Declare. Understand. Ant. Misinterpret. Misunderstand. Mis- take. Misconceive. Falsify. DistorL Mis- declare. Misrepresent. Interpreter, n. See Inter- pret. Interrogate, v. tr. Interro* gare. ^ee Question. Interrupt, v. tr. Inter and rumpi-re ; rnptifs, to break. Stn. Break. Disconnect. Discontinuei Intcrsnct. Disturb. Ant. Continue. Prosecute. Jixpedite. Synonyms and Antonyms. 233 Ihtbesbct, v. tr. and int. In- ter and secare, scctus, to cut. See Interlace. Inteespeksb, v. tr. Inter and spargere, sparsus, to scatter. Stn. Interlard. Powder. Scatter. Akt. Kxpunge. Inteestice, n. Inter and sis- tere, to stand. Sra. Cliink. Interval. Cleft. Cranny. Fissure, Gap. Interspace. Crack. Ant. Seam. Suture. Stop-gap. Intbetwine. In ter and twine. Conn, with Two and Twain. See Interlace. Intbeval, n. Inttr and val- liis, a stake or pulisade. A me- diate portion of time or space, or a selected portion. Sin, Interim. Meantime. Period. Gap. .'jltermission. Interspace, ('essalion, Akt, Continuity. Simultaneousness. Un- interruptedness. Inteevention. Inttr and ve- niri-, to come. Used of space, order, and time. Sy?;, Intrusion. Insinuation. Inter- ference. Intercession. Mediation. Ant. Continuance, Non-intervention. Uninterrupttdness. Non-interference. Inteeview, «. Inter and view, from videre, to see. A formal meeting between two persons. Snf. Colloquy. Confabulation. Con- sultation. Conlereuce. Meeting. Ant. Isolation. Independence. Exclu- sion. Avoidance. Inteeweave. Lat. prep, in- ter, and verb to weave. See In- terlace. Intestate, adj. Intestatus. Without a wiU. Applied to persons and property. In, not, and testuri, to make a will, from testis, a Ttntness. Stw. Unwilled. Undevised. Unbe- queathed. Ant. Willed, Bequeathed. Devised. iNTESTHra!, adj. Inteitinus, fi:oni intus, within. I Stn. Interior. Civil. Domestic. Ant. Kxternal, Foreign. IntenUi tionat Intheall, V. To keep in thrall, or britig into thraldom. Syn. Confine. Cage. Imprison. Incar- cerare. Intomb. Enslave, Ant, Liberate, Eelease. Disengage. Free. Unletter. Intimate, v. tr. Intimus, in- most. To give, first, conflden- tia), and, secondarily, as now used, ordinary information. Syn, Impart, Communicate. Aimounce. Declare. Tell. Ant, Reserve. Repress. Conceal. With- hold. Intimate, adj. Intimus, in- mi'st. Syn, riose. Familiar, Exact, Nice. Ant. Di^taIlt, Unfamiliar. Superficial. Intimidate, v. tr. In and tnnidiis, ti.inid or friyhtened. Especially with some purpose of causing to act, or to deter. Stn. Frighten. Alai-m. Threaten, Deter. Ant. Encourage. Inspirit. Animate. EeaSbure. Intoleeable, adj. In, not, and tokrare, to bear. See Insuf- ferable. Intolerant, adj. See Tole- rant. Intomb, v. tr. In and Low Lat. tumba, a tomb. Used lite- rally and metaphorically. Stn. Inter. Bury. Inhume. lucarce rate. Imprison. Immure. Ant. Kxhume. Disiuter. Disentomb. Liberate. Eelease. Intonation, n. In and tonus, a tone or note. A sound, by use restricted to the voice, though tone is used of musical instru- ments also, which can be re- duced to a musical note. Stn. Melody. Accentuation. Eeson- aace. Rlna;. Ant. Jar. Jabber. Gabble, BabeL (r..bber. Eattle. Intoxication, f:. In ani 234 Synowhf ms and Antonyms. toxicum, poison. To poison or to affect, as by the fumes of such herbsj and so impart a sensation of drowsiness, on the one hand, or dehcious pleasure, on the other. Syn. Poison. Venom, ObfuscattOD. Be- wilderment, Delirium. Hallucination. Ra- vishment, Ecstasy. Inebriation. Ant, Antidote, Cbiritication. Sobriety. !Sanity. Hbriety. Melancholy. Uepres- fiioii. Intractable, adj\ See Tract- able. Intransient, adj\ See Tran- sient. Intrenchment, n. In and trench. The word is used for that which is trenched, for tlie purpose of trenching, and also in a peculiar sense for the undue carrying on of the process of trenching, so as to encroach, as it were, on land not your own. Syk. Ditch, Dyke. Moat. Circumval- latiou. Encroachment. Infringement. Tres- pass. Ant. WaU. Rampart. Mound, Mole. Embankment. Glacis, Bastion. Forbear- ance. Deference. Respect. Intrepid, adj\ In, not, and trepiduSj afraid. See Courage. Intricate, adj. See Extri- cate, verb. Stn. Complicated, Involved. Mazy, Labyrinthine. Entangled. 'rormoUB. Ant, Simple. Uninvolved. Plalu. Direct. Obvious. Intrigue, n. See Intricate. Syn. Cabal, Plot Conspiracy. Machi- nation. Artifice. Design. Manoeuvres. Cunning. Duplicity. Trickery. Chi- canery. Ant. Insurrection. Rebellion. Con- gress. Assembly. Force, Violencp. As- B.iult, Oppnness. Cindour. Sincerity. Honesty. Probity. Straight- forwardness. Intrinsic, adj. Intrinsecua, intrtij tvUhin. S"KN. N.itive, Ii hevent. Innate. Ge- Di' )ie. luimaiieiib. Amt. Extrinsic. Acquired. AdTerh titious. Borrowed, Pretended. Ascitt- tious. External. Added Assumed. Introduce, v. tr. See Intro- duction. Introduction, n. Intro, with- in, and ducere, to bring. Stk. Induction. Importation. Leading. Taking. Presentation. Insertion. Ouni- niencement. Prelimirary, Prelace, Ini- tiative. Portico. Vestibule. Entranne. Gate, Amt. Eduction. Extraction. Exporta- tion. Eliminatiun. li^ection. Eudrde- ation. Estrangement. Conclusion. Com- pletion. End, Egress. Introductort, adf. See In- troduction. Syn. Prefatory, Initiatoiy. Commenda- tory, Precursory. Preliminary. Prepa- ratory. ANT, Completive. Final. Conclusive. Alienative. SupplementaL TerminaL Vale- dictory. Introvert. Intro, inwards, and veriere, to turn. To turn the outside inwards. Syn. Involve. Invert. Replicate. Akt. Explicate. Evolve. Encircleate. Eliminate. Intrude, v. tr. and int. In and trudere, to thrust or tread. See Interpose and Interfere. Intrusion, n. See Intrude. Intuition, «. Intuitio, tueri, to look or see. The faculty of di- rectly apprehending, without the medium of any information or learrung. SvN. Instinct. Apprehension. Recogni- tion, ln,s gilt, AST. Inlormatlon. Instruction. Learn- ing. Elaboration, Acquirenitnt. Induc- tion. Experiince. Intuitive, adj. See Intuition. Intumescence, 71. In and tu' nie cere, to sntU. Syn, Swulling. Protuberance. Turges- cence. Ant, Subsidrnce. Evenness. Attenua- tion. Concavity, Intwine, V. tr. See Iniertwinb, Synonyms and Antonyms. 235 SrK. Twist. Wreitli. Plait Irter- Iwe. Braid. Bind. Ant. Untwist. Disengage. Untie, Un- lace. UnraveL Unbind. Inundatk, V. tr. In aai unda, wave. Stn. Overflow. Submerge. Deluge. Flood. Ant. Drain. Keclaim. Dry, Desiccate. Parch. Inubbamitt, n. See Urbar iiity. InuEB, V. tr. In and urere, to give extreme effects of heal and cold. See Accustom. Inusitation, n. See Use. InTrriLiTT, n. See Utility. Invade, v. tr. In, on, and. vadere, to go. Used of forcible or rude ingress. Sth. Attacli. Assault, Encroach. Oc- cupy. Ant. Vacate. Abandon. Evacuate. Relinquish. Invasion, n. See Invade and Incursion. Invective, n. In and velii, to he carried, expresses being carried along the stream of eloquent abuse. Stn. Obloquy. Denunciation. Casti- gatiun. Vituperation. Reprobation.' Abuse. Ant. Commeodation. Encomium. Eulogy. Panegyric Laudation. Inveigh, v. int. See Invec- tive. Used with the prep. against. Stn. Denounce. Reprobate, Attack. Vituperate. Abuse. Ant. Exculpate. Advocate, Defend. Laud. Eulogize. Panegyrize, Inveigle, v. tr. In and Tr, aveiufle, blind. To lead astray as if blind. See Decoy. Invent, v. tr. Invenire, in- ventus, to find out. Syn. Discover. Contrive. Imaj^ine. tJoncoct. Elaborate. Conceive. Dtsign. Devise. Fabricate. Origilkate. Ant. Imitate. Copy. Execute. Ee- urod'jiTe. Inventive, adj. See Invent and Ingenious. Inversion, n. In and vertere. Applies to state, relation, and order. Syn. Reversal. Deflection. Alteration. Permutation. Violation. Transposition. Ant. Verticality. Erectness. Stability. Permanence. Persistence. Conservation. Sequence. Fixity. State. Order. Invest, v. tr. See Divest. Investigate, v. tr. In and vestii/iitm, a footprint. To track closely. See Examine. Investiture, n.. Investment, n. iSee Divest. Invest is used in a technical sense when it means, in financial matters, to secure capital, and, ia military mattersj to lay siege. Inveterate, adj. In vete- rascere, to grow old, and so rooted. It is applied both to persons and habits. Si'N. Confirmed. Ingrained. Incar- nate. Ant. Incipient. Undeveloped. Un- formed. Invidious, adj. Invidia, envy. Is now used of such proceedings as shall tend to raise a grudge between the persons who axe in any way the subjects of the com- parison. Syn. Unfair. Gratuitous. Partial. In- considerate, Ant. Fair. Impartial Considerate. Due. Just. Invigorate, v. tr. In and vigor, oris, strength, vigour. See Enervate. Invincible, adj. In, not, and vinrere, to C(mrep. at. Stn. Sneer. Scoff. Deride. Scout. Flout. Mock. Rally. Banter. Ant. Flatter. Adulate. Fawn. Cringe. Compliment. Eulogize. Jejune, adj. Lat. jejunus, hungry. Spare, as from want. Used metaphorically. Stn. Bare. Scant Poor. Thin. Weak. Barren. Sterile. Poverty-struck. Bald. Ant. Rich. Exuberant, llacy. Abun- dant. Interesting. Overwrought Redun- dant. Jeopardy, n. Fr. jeu parti, a divided or drawn game, or a gamo in n'hich the chances of Synonyms and Antonyms. success were nicely balanced Afterwards, it was confounded with./e!( perdii, a lout game. Syts. Danger. Peril Hazard. Risk. Ant. SL.ety. Security. Provision. In- surance. Jest, n. Old Eng. jest and gest, from gextum, a deed. A recital of deeds, or a story accom- panied by illustrative gesture or gesticulation for amusement. Comp. Jester. Hence it cama to signify as follows : — Stn. Jnke. Raillery. Fun. Sport. Ant. Earnest Seriousness. Gravity. Jingle, n. Formed to ex- press a senseless artificial asso- nance of words. Syn. Rhyme. Chime. Tinkle. Tingle. Ant. Kuphuny. Consonance. Melody. Harmony. Jocose, adj. Jocosus, jucus, a joke. Stk. Humorous, Funny. Jocular. Waggish. Ant. Melancholy. S'-rious. EamesL Grave. Lugubrious. LackadaisicaL Jocular, adj. See Jocose. Jocund, adj. See Jocose. Stn. Merry. Joyous. Jovial. Gay. Gleeful. Blithesome. Careless. Akt. Melancholy. DulL Grave. Mourn- ful. Sorrowful. Darksome. Cheerless. Woful. Rueful. Doleful. Careworn. Join, v. tr. and int. Lat. jun-- gere. Stn. Unite. Adhere^ Couple. Connect. Ant. Separate. Disjoin. Subtract, Dis- connect. Joint, v. See Join. Stn. Articulation. Junction. Flexnr* Elbow. Knee. Ant. Solution, lion. Uniformity. Joke, n. Jest. AYS. Plane. Smoothe. Flatten. £q,ualize. KoU. Raze. Ant. Roughen. Fnrraw, Disequallze. Graduate. Levbl, adj. See Level, verb. Levigate, v. tr. Lat. levis, light and smooth. SyN. Clonimiiiute. Tritnrate. Pulverize. Smoothe. Polish, Plane, Ant. Compound. Amalgamate. Roughen. Batter. Indent. Levitt. Lat. levitas, levis, light. Used commonly, in an un- favourable sense, of character and demeanour. Stt7. Lightness. Frivolity. Inconstancy. Akt. Earnestness. Seriousness. Gravity. Levy, v. Fr. lever, to raise. Stv. Raise. Impose. Muster. Exact. Ant. Forego. Surrender. Reimburse. Repay. Liquidate. Liable, adj. Lat, ligare, to hind. See Amenable. Libel, n. Libellus, dim. of liber— famosus understood, A defamatory pamphlet. Also used of defamatory speech, Syn. Defamation. Detraction. Traduce- ment. Calumny. Slander. Ant. Retractation, Vindication. Apology. Enlogy. Panegyric. Puff. Advocacy. En* r^mium. Libellous, adj. See Libel. Liberal, adj. Liberalis, from liber, free. A person of free birth, maimers, and education. Hence the character of such. Applied also to things liberally, i.e., freely forthcoming, Stn. Free. Gentle. Reflned. Polished. Generous. Bountiful. Catholic. Enlarged. Copious. Ample. Profuse. Large, Hand- tome, Munificent. Abundant Ant. Churlish. I^w. Mean. Boorish. Ungenerous. Illiberal. Niggardly. Grup- Ing. Avaricious. Greedy. Sajnftal. N«r row-minded. Bigoted. Pr^udiced. Con* tracted. Scanty, Inadequate. Liberate, v. tr. See. Libera] and Confine. Libertine, n. Libertinus, a freed^man. The word is used of those who free themselves from wholesome restraint. Stn. Rake. Debauchee. An7. Ascetic. Anchorite. Recluse Hermit. Puritan. Saipt. Libebtt, n. Lat, libertas, liber, free. Syn; Freedom. Independence, Permis- sion. License. Privilege. Franchise. Im- munity. Insult Impropriety. Volition. Voluntariness. Other senses are technical, as, ' the liberty of a town,' &c. Ant. Slavery. Servitude. Restraint Constraint Submission. Dependence. Ob- ligation. Compulsion. Deference. Respect Considerateness. Necessity.. Fatality. Pre- destination, Libbate, act. and neut. Libra, a scale. To balance. See Balance, License, n. Lat. licentia, licere, to he permitted. Has much the same senses as liberty, with a stronger leaning to the sense of the abuse of freedom. See Li- berty and Dispensation. License, v. See noun. Syn. Permit Allow. Indulge, Ai<-T. Restrain. Disallow. Withhold. Forbid. Prohibit Licentious, adj. See License, noum. Stn. Voluptuous. Dissolute. Rakish. Debauched. SeU-lndulgent Ant, Temperate, Strict. Sober, Self- controlled. Ascetia Self-denying. Rigid. Licit, (w^', Lat, liciitis. Stn. Lawful. Legal Allowable. Eqnitabla Ant. UlegaL Illicit UniMr. Lie, n. Sax. h/ge. Sin. Falsehood. Untruth. Fabrlcatluik Subterfuge. Evasion. Ant. Truth. Fact Veracity. Lib, V. int. Sax. liegan, Stn. Rest Repose. Be. BnuIb, An. Rise. Uov«, Stir, Synonyms and Antonyms, 247 LiBF, adv. and adf. Old Eog. h/e, dear, Comp. Love. Stn. audlijt. Willtogly. Beedily^ Aht. Slowly. Unwillingly. Eelucttmtjyi loth. Lite, «. Sax. lif. Stn. Vttaltty. DucatlQn. Ex^rtenw. Condition. CondueW Animation. Viva- city. Personality. St^te. Society. Morals. Akt. Mortality. litecease. Death. Non- existence. Dulness. Torpor. P^rlrajtuie. l^thiWgy- Lifeleseness. Lifeless, adj. JSee Life and Dead. LiPTi V. tr. Germ, listen, to raise into the luft or air, Comp. Aloft and Lofty. Stv. Kalsa. ^e^ate. Upraise. Up- h^ave^ Exalt, Aot. Lower. Sink. Depress. Cnislu Overwhelm. Degrade^ Da«h. Ca^t. Hurl. Ligament, n. Ligamentum, from ligare, to hi'nd,, Syju. Bond. Bfmd. 3a^dag^ Ligature. Brace. Strap.. Girtl^ The difference between LigaiP rami 9nd Ligature is, that, the former is generally applied to natural, the latter tq arttfiqial AST. Divulsion. DiseerptiOn. Discotv neotioa. fVacture. Dislocation. Severance. Laceration. SpUnter^ Breach. Disb^nd- menL Shield. Fendei^ Disconnecter. Light, n^ Sax. leoktj conn, with lux. Used analogously and metaphorioajly^ Stn. Luminostt^, Radimice. Beaip. Gleam., Pho3phores<;ence. Sdntltlation. Coruscation. Flash. Brightness. Bril- tiancy. Effulgence. Blaze. Splendour. Candle. L»mp. Laotern., Et^ploQa^ion. InstructijOQ. IQumiuation. Understanding. Interpretation. D^y. Life. Ant. Dac^e^ DUnnesa, QteQuriity. Shafle. Dusttin.^9. Glooio.. Extinction. Misinterpretation. Ignorance. Migundf-C- stendlng.. Ni83bt Destti* Coa&jsioo.. Mys- tification. Tenebro^-^. Light,, adj. Sax- Uht, Conn, with Lat. hvis^ It is used in ^veral analogous and metaphot- hcal senses. SDrv Imponderouit Unweighty^ Port- Akl9. Buo}»0t. Y))i4tile.. JS«sy^ Dig^e^Ur ble. Scanty. Active. Vnt^ncumbered. Empty. Slight. Trifling. Gentle. Un- steady. Capricious., vain. Frivolous, Characterless. Thoughtless. Unthoqghtful. Unconsidered. Inadequate. Incompact. Ant. Heayy, Pondei:oHs.. Weighty. Immoveable. Leaden, Solid. Hard. In- digestible. FuU, Las^. Encumbered. Bur- dened. Oppressed. Weighed. Loaded. Laden. Ballasted. Grave. Serious. Imn portant. Violent, S|«adyw Finn. Prin- cipled.. Cautious. Reflective. Reliable. Sensible, Earoeat^ Tho,ughtful. Well- coBsidered, Well-weighed. Adequate. Stiff. Compact. Lmhtbomb, adjk See Light, nouTij and CJieerful. Like, chHj. Sax, lie, gdic. Used also as a prep. When the adj. is used separately after the verh, the form iS' * alike.' Stn. Equal Correspondent. Similar Resembling. AifT. Unequal. DiiffeFeat. Dissfauilar. Like, v, tr. Sax, lician, Syk. iflve. Approve. Enjoy. Relish. Affect, Ant. Hate. Dislike. Loathe. Mislike. Detest. Abhor. Abominatei Likely. See Like. Probable ; like causes producing like effects. ^ee Probabtei, Likelihood. S,ee Likely and Probability. L1KENES&. Ss& Like. Syn. Sijnilarity. Resemblance. Corre- spondence. Similitude. I^rity. Copy. IiOitaUon, Portrait. Ant, Dissimilarity. Dissimilitude. Dis- parity. Inequality. Uulikeness. Original. Likewise. Li like ways; Syn. So. Also. Ant. Nor. Otherwise.. Liking, n. See Like., Sys, Love. Approval. Relish. Affec- tion. TastCk Inclination. Partiality. Fond- ness. AhT- Hatred. DisUke. DiscellQh, Ayer- sion>. Repugpance. JU>athing.. IMshicliDAr tlon. Abhorience. Limit, n, Lirntes, itis. See Bound. LnaxLKBS, adj,. Seeldsmimd lotinite. 248 Synonyms and Antonyms. Limpid. Lat. limpidus, clear, from Gr. XdiiTTfiv, to shine. Stn. Transparent. Translucent Crys- talline. Ant. Opaque. Turbid. Luteous. Muddy. Foul. Line, n. Lat. linea. Used analogously. Syk. Cord. Thread. Length. Outline. Row, Direction. Verse. Course. Method. Succession. Sequence. Continuity. Ant. Breadth. Contents. Space. Di- vergency. Deviation. Fluctuation. Varia- tion. Interruption. Discontinuance. So- lurion. Lineage, n. See Line. Stn. Descent, Family. House. Ant. Ancestor. Founder. Source. Origin, Lineament, n. See Lino. Stn. Line. Feature. Mark. Form. Profile. Ant. Face. Countenance. Visage. As- pect. LiNEAB. See Line. Sth. Direct. Straight. Rectilinear. Ant, Incurved. Divergent Collateral. Lateral. Curvilinear. Zigzag. Linger, v. int. Sax. lengra, comparative of lang, long. To re- main longer than right or usual. Stn. Tarry. Loiter. Lag. Saunter. Ant. Tliste. Speed. Press. Push. Link, n. Germ, hnhen, to hind. See Connection. Liquefaction, n. Liquere, to be liquid, and facere, to make. See Melt. LiQUESCBNCE, n., LIQUESCENT, adj. Liquescere, from liquere, to grow or become liquid. See Melt Liquid, adj. Lat. liguidus. Used analogously, as, 'liquid sounds.' Stk. FInld. Liquescent Melting. Run- ning. Watery. Fluent Soft. Melli- fluous. Limpid. Ant,, Solid, Solidified. Concrete. Con- gealed. Hard. Dry. Indissolvable. In- soluble. Harsh. Discordant Liquidate, v. tr. See Liquid and Fay. Listen, v. int. Sax. Tilyslan, followed by x>rep. to. Stn. Hear. Attend. Hearken. In- cline. Ant. Disregard. Ignore. Refuse. Bepi> diate. Listless, adj. Sax. listan, lustan, conn, with lust, to lean or incline to. Having no incli- nation or interest. Stn. Indifferent Careless. Uninterested. Vacant. Languid. Indolent Supine. Lackadaisical. Torpid. Akt. Eager. Interested. Curious. Ar- dent Attentive. Absorbed. Active, iii- gaged. Earnest Literal, adj. Litera, a letter. According to the letter. Stn. Exact Grammatical. Verbal. Close. Ant. General SubstantiaL Metaphori- cal. Free. Spiritual. Literary, adj. See Literal. Stn. Erudite. Scholarly. Studious. Akt. Illiterate. Unscholarly. Unstu- dious. Literature, n. See Literal. Learning, or a certain portion of general learning. Stn. Lore. Erudition. Reading. Shldy. Learning. Attainment Ajst. Genius. Intuition. Inspiration. Lithe, adj. Sax. lindhe, tender, mild, gentle. Persuadable, flexible. Transferred from the moral to the physical. Sin. Pliant Flexible. Limber. Supple. Elastic. Agile. Pliable, Akt. Tough. Inflexible. Stiff. In. elastic Litigious, adj. Lis, litis, a lawsuit. Pond of going to law, or, generally, quarrelsome. SvN. Quarrelsome. Disputatious. Con- tentious. Ant. Complacent Contented. Ao quiescent. Genial. Facile. Litter, v. tr. Pr. litiere, from le.ctus, a couch. A portable couch. Then a bed made up for cattle, and their being brought to bed of young, as, ' a litter of whelpa Synonyms and Antonyms, 249 Prom the straw bed of cattle the word derives the following mean- ings:— Syn. Scatter. Mislay. Discompose. Disorder. Derange. Ant. Clear. Clean. Order. Lay. Ar- range. Methodize. Little, adj\ Sax. lytle, small. Syw. Small. Tiny. Pigmy. Diminu- tive. Short Brief. Scanty. Unimpor- tant. Insignificant. Slight. Weak. In- considerable. TriviaL Illiberal. Mean. Petty. Paltry. Dirty. Shabby. Jlnt. Big. Bulky. liarge. Enormous. Huge. Monstrous. Full-sized, Developed. IwOng. Full. Much. Inipoitant. Grave. Serious. Momentous. Liberal. Generous. Koble. High-minded. Handsome. Live, v. Sax. libban, lifian. Stn. V'egetate. Grow. Survive. Con- tinue. Abide. Dwell. Last. Subsist. Behave. Act. Breathe. Ant. Die. Perish. Wither. Demise. Migrate. Vanish. Fade. Fail. Languish. Depart. Drop. Decease. Live, adj. See Live, verb, S;n. Animate. AnT. Inanimate. Defunct. Livelihood, n. See Live. Syn. Maintenance. Support. Living, Ant. Privation. Starvation. Want Beggary. Inanition. Lively, adj. See Live. SrN. Brisk. Animated. Keen. Eager. Blithe. Alert. Ant. Lifeless. Torpid. Dull. Indif- ferent Listless. Inanimate. Insensate. LrVBRT, n. Fr. Uvrer, to de- liver, A gift of a suit from the master to his retainers. Stn. Uniform. Garb. Badge. Depend- ence. Servitude. Retainership. Eetinue. Subservience. AST. Freedom. Immunity. Insubser- vlence. LrviNG, adj. See Live, adj. Living, n. See Livelihood, Load, n. Sax. Mad. Syn. Burden. Weight liading. Cargo. Oppression. Incubus. Drag. Akt. Refreshment Support Solace. Alleviation. Emptiness. Lightness. Load, v. See Load, noun. Stn. Burden. Charge. Lade. Cargo. Comber. Osif>TosB Ant. Disburden. Unload. Uulade. Dis- encumber. Ijghcen. Alleviate. KelleTc'. Loan, n. Sax. Ice nan, Stn. Advance. Mortgage. Hypotheca* tion. Ant. Recall. Resumption. Foreclosure, LoATHX, V. tr. Sax. ladhian, to hate. See Abominate. Loathsome, adj. See Loathe and Abominable. LooALiTT, n. Locus, a place. See Place. Locate, v. tr. See Locality. Syn. Place. Establish. Fix. Seftle. Dispose. Lodge. Ant. Displace. Disestablish. Remove. Dislodge. Location, n. See Locality and Situation. Locomotion, n. locus, a place, and movere, to move. The move- ment from place to place. Syn. Movement Travel. Migration. Passage. Akt. Stationariness. Stoppage. Abode. Rest. Kemanence. Fixture. Locomotive, adj. See Loco- motion. Syn. Migratory. Ant. Stationary. Lodge, v, tr. Germ, lauhe, foliage. Arbour. See Locate. Lofty, adj. Germ, luft, the air. Stn. Elevated. Towerinir. High. Dig- nifipd. Eminent. Stately. Haughty. Ma- jestic. Airy. Ant. Depressed. Low. Stunted. Un» dignified. Ordinary. Unstately. Mean. Unimposing. Unassuming. Affable. Logical, adj. Gr. XoytKij, the art of logic. Syn. Close. Argumentative. Sound. Ant. loooQclusive. illogical. >'allap clous. LOGOMAOHT, n. Gr. \6yos, a word, and fidxq, battle. A war of words. Stn. Wrangle. Strife. Contention. De* bate. Ant. Cbat Colloquy, CosTfflMtlo% ConfabQlatioo. 250 Synonyms and Antonyms. LoiTKR, «. int. Dan. kuteren, to delay . See Lag. LoiiL, v.. int. Icel. Wto, to le lazy. Syk, ^UDge. ItecUne. Amt. Rise. Stir. LoNELT, adj. See Lonesome. LoNBsoMB. Lone, abbreyatioa ,from Alone. Sra. Fortom, Prcarj. ForaakeD. Wild. Solitary. Ant. Cheerful. Befriended. Frequented. Populous. Festive. Gay. Animated. Bustling. Long, adj. Sax, Ung, Lat. longus. Syk. Protracted. Produced. Dilatory. Lengthy. Tedious. Prolix^ Diffuse. Far- reaching. Extensire. Aht. Short. Curt. Curtailed. Brief. Speedy. Qujpk. Coocise. Condensed. Lqnqino, n. From verb to long, or long for, or stretch the miad after. Syk. Eagemeas. Desire. Craving. As- piration. Yearning. Ant. Indifference. Repugnance. Aversion. Look, v. act. and neui. Sax. locian. Used as act. vnlHi the prep, at, and as neut. with like, &c. Sti{. See. Behold. Contemplate. Ob- serve. Seem. Appear. Face. AST-. Overtook. Mis& Misobserve. Mis- beseem. Lurk. Smoulder. Loom, v. int. Sax. leomia/n, to shine. To appear indistinctly in an uncertain light. Stn. Glimmer. Lower. Gloam, Ant. Dwindle. Pale. Becede. Fade. Vanish. Disappear. Loose, v. Sax. lesan, lysan. See Tie. Loose, mij. See Loose, v. Used physically and morally. Sra. Unbound. Detached. Flowing. Scattered. Sparse. Inpompaet. Vague. Inexact. Bunbling, IMssolute. Licen- tious. Ant. Bound. Tied. Fastened. Tight. Moored., Lashed. Secured. Thick. Dense. Compact. Pointed, Accurate. Exact. Con- ■ecutlyo. Close. Slcict.. L9gic«L Scieu- tias. Consclentteai Lop, V. tr.- PiQv. Germ, luppen, to cut. Stn. Prune. Curtail. Shorten. Ee- trench. Amputate. Truncate. Akt. Grow. Trail. Train. Elone\te. Lead. LOQUACITT, n. Loquax, loqui, to speak, talkative. See Taci- turnity. LoEDLT, ac^'. Lord. Sax. hlaf&rd, a bread-keeper,, a master and distributor of the grain or loaf. Stn. Lofty. Mogniflcsnt, Noble. M*. jestic. Proud. Imperious Ant. Mean. Beggarly. Ignoble Un- imposing, Humbte. Servile Lowly. LoEDSHlP, n. See Lord.. StN'. Rule. Dominion, Jurisdiction'. Ant. Homage.^ Sulijection. Snbser- Lore, n. Sax, Iceran, to teach. See Learning and Tradition. LoBB, V, tr. Sax. leosan, to part with involuntarily. Stn, Miss, Drop, Mislay, Forfeit, Amr. K«ep, Retain,. Find. Recqver. Locate, Eann.. Guard. Treasnrei Econo- mize, Utilize, Preserve, Abandon. Dis. card. Reject. Loss, n. See Lose. Stn. Mislaying. Dropping.. Missing. Forfeiture. Ih'ivation. Waate.,' Detriment. Damage. Ant. Preservation. Recovery. Earn- ing. Satisfaction, Restoration, Economy, Augmentation, Advantage. Gain. Lot, n. Saxon. The word is used in two opposit» senses, namely, aHotanent by design, and by chance. Stb. Chance, Fortune. Fate. Hazard. Ballot. Ajrr, I^w, Provision, Arrangement. Disposal. Design. Puix)ose. Plan. Por* tion. Allotment. Loth, adj. See Loathsome — the true spelling. Stn. Reluctant. Unwilling. ANT. Ready. Willing. Hef. Loud, adf. Sax. Mud. Stn. Sounding. Sonorous. Noisy. 11^ sonanu Audible. Yodtoreus. CUmoicut Obstreperous. Synonyms and Antonyms. 251 AST. Sott Qentle. Subdued. Wlisper- Ing. RiiBtling. Munuuring. Babbling. Pattering. Tinkling. Dulcet. Inaudible. Quiet. LouNGK, V. int. Conn, with Long. Either to be a long, or to spend a '^ng time. See LoU and Loiter. Lout, n. Sas. liitan, to hmo or bend. Expressive, apparently, of a combination of awkwardness and servility, which make up the clown. Stn. Clown. Looby. Clodhopper. Clod. _ AST. Bandy» Fop. Cockney. Prig'. Love, n. Sax. lufe. Germ. Nebe. Stw. Affectioiu Attachment. Passion, Devotion. Benevolence. Kindness. Glub- rity. AflT. Hatred. Dislike. Disaffection. Alienation. Estrangement. Bitterness. Coldness, Indifference. Kepugoance. in- fidelity. Desertion. Uaklndness. Malice. Uacharitableness. Lovely, adj. See Love. Worthy of love or exciting love. Stn. Amiable. Loveabte. Charming. Enchanting. Beautiful. AsT. Unamiable. Unloveable, Hate- ful. Elideous. Plain. Homely. Unat^- tractive. Unlovely. Low, adj. Old Eng. Sax. liegan. Germ, liegen, to lie. StN; Abated, Sunk, Depressed. Stunted. Declining. Deep. Subsided. Cheap. Gentle. Inaudible. D^ected. Degraded. Mean. Al^ect. Base, Unworthy. Lowly; Feeble. Moderate. Repressed, Subdued. Reduced. Poor. Rrogal. Aht. Elevated. Lofty, Tall. Ascend- ing. Bising. High. ExorbitULt,. Violent. Loud. Excited. Elated. Eminent Con- siderable. Influential. High-minded. Hon- ourable. Proud. Strong. Aggravated. iBtensiSed. Baieed. Wealthy. Rich. Lower, v. tr. See Low. Stk. Depress. Decrease. Bate. Abate, Drop, Reduce, Humiliate, Sink, AST, Hoist. Raise. Heighten. In- oease, Exalt. AggranUze, Ei«vat«, LowEB, adj. See Low. Stk, Inferior, Ant, Higher. Superior, LowLZ, adj. See Low, Syn, Mean, Low. Common. Utu^bl* Meek. Ant. Lofty. Elevated. Eminent. Proud. Lordly. LowNESS, n. See Low. LoTAL, adj. Fr. loial, hi, law, legal. Maintaining the autho- rity of the law. Faithful to the monarch as representing the law. Hence, fiaithful generally where allegiance is due. Sth. Submissive. Obedient. Faithful. Alteglant. True. Constant. Ant. Insubmisslve. Insurgent Mal- content. Rebellious. Disobedient. Un» faitbfuL Unallegiant. Untrue. Incon- stant Disaffected, Loyalty, n. See Loyal. LuBRlCATK, V. tr. ZMlrieus, smooth. To smoothe by the ap- plication of oleaginous sub- stances. Sth. Oil Ease, Grease, Levigate, Gloze, Glaze, Ant. Rust, Clog, Indent Bonghen, Corrugate, Lucent, adj. Lucere, Iwc, to shine. See Limpid. Lucid, adj. Imx, lucidus, KgM. Stn. Shining. Bright Resplendent. Luculent Luminous. Clear. Transpa- rent Crystalline. Pellucid. Distinct. In- telligible. Rational. Perspicuous. Or* derly. Ant. Dark. Untustrous. Opaque. Tur- bid. Muddy. Obscure. Unintelligible. Confused. Insolved. Insane. Mystified. Luck, n. Icel. luhhi. See Chance. LuoELESB, «£{/, /Se« Luck and Lucky. Lucky, adj. See Luck. Stn. Fortunate. Auspicious. Pros- perous. Asr. Unlucky. UnJbrtnnale. Inui»- picious. Unprosperoug. Adverse. Ill- fatedi Disastrous. LUOEATIVK, adj. See Lucre. LuOBE, n. Lat. lucrum, gain. Stn. Gain. Proflt Greed. Wealth. AiiT. Loss. Pove-ty. Failure. PrlTi. Hon. Dross. R^nae 252 LtJOUBEATION, n. Lux. light, lucubrare, to work hy lamp-light. Thence, a work of study gene- rally. 3vx. Study. Meditation. Work. Cogi- tation. , ., ANT. Idleness. Vacuity. Incogitancy. Torpor. LuouLKNT. See Lucid. Ludicrous. Lvdus, play, sport. Sin. Ridiculous. Farcical. Laughable. Comic. Droll. Ant. Serious. Momentous. Grave. Sad. Sorrowful. Mournful. Tragic. Lugu- brious. Melancholy. Doleful. Sombre. LuGUBBious. Lat. lugvhris, sad, melancholy. See Ludicrous. Lull, v. tr. and int. It. Icd- lare, to sing lullaby. Act. and rieut. See Assuage and Sub- side. Lull, n. See vej-h. Syn. Quiet. Assuagement. Cessation. Quiescence. Subsidence. Ant. Tumult. Excitement. Storm. Tempest. Lumber, n. Lombard. The Lombards being the merchants of the middle ages, a Lombard room was a room for the stock- ing of commercial documents and valuables. It is used for useless stock. Stn. Trash. Rubbish. Refuse. Ant. Valuables. Commodities. Stock. Lumber, v. See noun. To fill with lumber. Syh. Choke. Crowd. Obstruct En- cumber. Ant. Clear. Disencumber. Utilize. Economize. LuminABT, n. Lumen, a light. Used metaphorically of persons, as, ' shining lights.' Stn. Sage. Savant. Celebrity. Light. Genius. Ant. FooL Ignoramus. Dunce. Block- hmd. Lout. Luminous, adj. See Luminary and Lucid. Synonyms and Antonyms. Lumpish, adj. Lump. Conn. with Clump. -See Clumsy. Stn. Heavy. Cloddish. Sluggish. Clumsy. Ant. Light. Airy. Agile. Sylph-like, Nimble. Active. Lunacy, n. Luna, the moon. The condition of being moon- struck with madness. SvN. Madness. Insanity. Derangement. Craziness. Mania. Aberration. Halluci- nation. Ant. Sanity. Reason, Intellect Intel- ligence. Rationality. Lucidity. Lunatic, n. See Lunacy. Stn, Madman. Maniac. Monomaniac. Ant. Solon. Philosopher. Luminary, Genius. LuEB, V. tr. Old Fr. hire, an artificial hawk used as a decoy. See Decoy. LuBiD, adj. Lat. luridus. Stn, Murky. Tjowering. Ant, Bright. Luminous. Lurk, v. int. Conn, with Lurch. SvN. Hide. Lie. Skulk. Abscond. Ant. Rise. Spring. Show. Flash. Emerge. Luscious, adj. Supposed to be a corruption of luxurious. SrN. Sweet. Delicious. Honied. Su- gary. Ant. Sour. Sharp, Tart Bitter. Lustration, n. Lustrare, to purify in a sacrificial sense. Stn. Purification. Expurgation. Expia. tion. Ant. Desecration. Defilement Conta- mination. Lustre, n. Lustrum, a sacri- fice of purification or cleansing, from lucere, to he bright. Comp. Illustrious. See Bright. Lusty, adj. Lust, animal vigour. SvN. Robust Vigorous. Strong. Stout Ant. Infirm. Weak. Disabled. Ailing Effete, Listless. LuTOSE, adj. Liitum mud. Of muddy appearance Sea Limpid. Synonyms and Antonyms. 253 LuxrRiANT, adj\ Jjitwuriare Dr arij to flourish, luxuria, luxury. See Exuberant. Luxuriate, v. int. See Luxu- riant. See Bask. Luxurious, arlj. See Luxu- riate. Applied to circumstances and character. SvN. Vdluptuous. Self-indulgent. Plea- surable. Sensual. Panipered. Ant. Hard. I'ainful. Self-denying. Ascetic. Hardy. Luxury, n. Lat. luxttria. Bin. Kffeniinncy. Kpicurism. Volnp- tiiousness. Wantonness. Self-indulgence. Softness. Animalism. Ant. Hardness. Asceticism. Self-denial. Hardship. Stoicism. M. Macerate, v. tr. MaceVy lean. To deprive of substance, espe- cially by steeping in water. Syn. Attenuate. Waste. Wither. Steep. Madefy. Hot Ant, Fatten. Replenish. Repair. Pamper. Swell. Maceration, n. See Mace- rate. Machination, n. Machina, a machine or contrivance. Used in an unfavourable sense. SrN. Contrivance. Design. Plot, In- trigue. Akt. Detection. Counteraction, Baffling. Defeat. Exposure. Overthrow. Defiance. Challenge. Conflict. Competition. Maculated, adj. Macula, a spot. Si'N. Spotted. Speckled. Mottled. Dotted. Akt. Unspotted, Spotless. Speckless. Immaculate. Mad, adj. Sax. gemced. SvN. Insane. Demented. Lunatic. Fu- rious. Infuriated, Crazy. ManiacuL Ant. Sane. Sound, Sensible. Quiet. Composed. Unexcited. Sober. Madden, v. tr. See Mad. Stn. infuriate. Enrage. Exasperate. AST. C^lm. PacUy, Assuage. Lay. Mwnerize. Madefaction, n, Lat. made' faccre, to make v)et. SrN. Wetting, Moistening, Moistura, Humectation. Maceration, Ant. Exsiccation. Diying. Arefactioa Madman, n. See Mad and Lunatic. Madness, n. See Mad, Magisterial, adj. Magister, a master. Stn. Dictatorial. Authoritative. Im- posi[ig. Consequential. Ant. Submissive. Docile. Undignified. Uniniposing. Modest, Unassuming. Magistrate, n. See terial and Judge. Magnanimity, n. animus, a grtat mind. Stn. High-mindedness, Gen'>voiity. For- bearance. Clemency. Ant. Meanness, Pettiness. Paltriness. Spiteiulness. Spleen. Magnificent, adj. Magnus, great, and /acere, to make. Stn. Grand, Magnanimous, Noble, Splendid. Superb, Imposing. Gorgeous. Majestic. Dignified. Stately. August. Sublime. Ant. Petty. Mean, Little. Small- minded. Paltry. Ordinary. Tawdry. Beg. garly. Unimposing, Tame. Flat. Magnify, v. tr. See Magni- ficent. Syn. Enlarge. Amplify, Augment. Exaggerate, Increase. Exttil. Ant. Diminish. Contract. Curtail Pal- liate; Extenuate. Decry, Magniloquent, adj. Magnus, great, and logui, to talk. Big or high-sounding in talk. Stk. High-flown, Altiloquent. Bom- bastic. Tumid, Turgid. Boastful. Ajst. Simple, Unaffected. Plain-spokeo. Vernacular. Magnitude, n. Magnus, great. See Size. Maim. v. tr. Old Fr. mahaig' ner, probably of Celtic origin. Stn, Disable. Cripple.' Muiilare, Mar, Ant. Restore. Reinvigorate. Strengthen, Mend. Main, n. Sax. magen^ strength, 254 Synonyms and Antonyms magan, to he able. Comp. May, th-9 auxiliary verb. am. Bulfc. Minority. Body. Trunk. Adt. Portion. Section. Minority. Branch. Limb. Tributary. Jtfember, Mainly, adv. See Main. Stn. Principally. Largely. Cliiefly. Primarily. Ant. Somewhat. ParUally, Slightly, 'jubordinately. MATNTAnf, V. tr. Pr, main- tenir, Lat. manus, the hcmd, and tenere, to hold w support. See Support. Majestic, adj. Majestas, mor jesty. See Magnificent. Majesty, n. See Majestic and Magnificent. Majoeity, n. Lat major, greater. Superiority of rank or of numbers. SrN. Superiority. Eldership. Priority. Bulk. Preponderance. Seniority. Ant. Inferiority. Juniority. Minority. Make, v. tr. Sax. maciam. SyN, Create. Produce. Frame. Fashion. Fabricate. Construct. Effect. Do. Per- form. Execute. Gain. Find. Establish. Compel Constitute. Beach. Ant. Annihilate. Unmake. Undo. Dismember. Disintegrate. Destroy. De- feat. Miss. Lose. Mar. Disestablish. Makee, n. See Make. MALADMnnSTBATION, rk. Male, ladly, and administrare, to admi- niiter. Sra. Misrule. Misgovemment. Malver- sation. Amt. Eule. Government, Adminis- tration. Malady, n. Lat. malus, had, Fr. nudadie, It. malato, sick. Sra. Disorder. Distemper. Sickness. Ailment. Disease. lUuess. Complaint. AST. Health. Sanity. Soundness. Heartiness. Vigour. Bloom. Malcontent, n. Ft. One who is ill-contented with the government under which he lives. An incipient traitor or rebel. See Insurgent. Malediction, n. Male diesre, to speak ill. See Benediction, Malepaotoe, n. Male facere, to do ill. See Culprit. Maleficent, adj. See Male- factor and Beneficent. Malevolent, adj. Male vo- lens. Ill-inchned. See Benevo- lent. Malfoemation, n. Mode for- mare, tofm-m ill. See Deformity. Malice, n. Malitia, malus, had. Bad feeling. See Spite. Malign, v. tr. Lat, malignus, malus and genus, of evil race or nature. See Traduce. Malignant, adj. See Malign and Beneficent. Malignity, n. See Malign and Spite, MalleablB, adj. Malleus, a hammer. Easily hammered out. See DuctQe. Malteeat, v. tr. Male trao- tare, to treat ill. See Injure. Malvbesation, n. Male ver' sari, to behave ill, especially in an official capacity. Stk. Malpractice. Corruption. Ant. Integrity. Uucorruptness. Up« rigbtness. Manage, o. tr. Fr. menace. Low Lat. mansionaticum, the ad- ministration of a household. Stn. Handle. Manipulate. Control. Conduct. Administer. Mould. Eegulate. Contrive. Train. Husband. Ant. Mismanage. Misconduct Upset Derange. Misuse. Manageable, adj. See Ma- nage. Applied to undertakings and persons. Sto. Easy. Feasible. Possible. Docll& Tractable. Practicable. AST. Difficult Impracticable. Impo*- sible. Unmanageable, lotractal je, Re- flractory. Untameable, Synonyms and Antonyms. 255 BfAKAOEUKNT, n. See Manage. SiH. Treotment Conduct. Adminis- tration. Government. Sliill. Address. FTN. Maltreatment Misconduct. Mal> ■dministration. Misgovemmeat. Mala- MiNAGSK, TO. See Manage. Mandate, re. Mandare-datus, to command. An official com- mand. Sin. Command. Order. Edict. Abt. Suggestion. ^Petition. Bequest Entreaty. MANFtTL, adj. See Manly. MASffLE, V. tr. Low. Germ, mank, deficient, mutilated. See Maim and Lacerate. Manhood, n. See Man. Stn. Huina^ifty. Tiriliiy. TMStnrlty. Manliness. Manfulness. Aht. Divinity. Womanhood. Child- hood. Childishness. Makia, n. Gx. 'See Madness. Maniac, to. See Mania and Madman, MANXFiiStj o4j. Lat. wtani- festus. Sin. Visible. Obvious. Distinct. Con- ■picuons. Indubitable. Evident Akt. Invisible. Dubious. Inconspicu- tms. Indistinct. MANIFEST', V. tr. See Exhibit. MANiPOliD, a4j. Sax. mameg, many, and/eaZctore, to fold. Stn. Numerous. Multiplied. Diverse. Multigenous. Multifarious. Varied. Va- rious. Multitudinous. Ant. Few. Scant Rare. Scarce. Umlted. tTniform. ManipdlatEj V. tr. Manvpnti- lare, manws, the hand. See Handle and Manage. Mankind, to. M&ji and Kind, meaning kindred or a race. Stn. Humanity. Man. Men. Society. Ant. Divinity. Deity, God. Heaven. Nature. Earth. World. Creation. Cattle. Manlike, adj. See Man and Like. Stn. See Manly, a corruption of Man- Uke. Manlt, adj. For Manlike. Stn. Bold. Courageous. Generous Open. Chivahous. Frank. Firm. Ncble Stately. Fine. Mature. AST. Womanish. Childish. Timid. Unmanly. Dastardly. Weak. Puny. Un. grown. Boyish. Manner, «j !Pr. mamere, ma- nws, the hand. A way of treat- ment. Thence, a way of conduct, life, deportment, or proceeding, and fashion of existence. Stn. Mode. Method. Style. FoYm. Fashion. Carriage. Behaviour. Deport- ment Habit SoM. Kind. Ant. Work. Pruject. Design. Perform- ance. Life. Action. Proceeding. Appear- ance. Being. Mannerism, to. See Manner. Is used for such adherence to affected peculiarity of style or expression as is carried to excess, as distinguished from natural characteristics. 'St«. Self-repetition. Affectation. Eu- phuism. Self-consciousness. Ant. ^Naturalness. Unaffetftedness. Cha- racter. Peculiarity. Idiosyncracy. Genuine- ness. Specialty. Mannerly, adj'. See Manner. Stn. Polite. WeU-behaved. Well-bred. Ant. Unmaimerly. Bude. Coarse. Rough. Manners, to. See Manner. The word in the plural, of old, meant moral conduct. It now means social demeanour. Stn. Deportment. Behaviour. Carriage. Courtesy. Politeness. Intercourse. De- meanour. Ant. Misdemeanour. Misbehaviour. Un- mannerliness. Manceuvrb, To. Fr. main, hand, and oeuvre, work. Stn. Operation. Tactics. Contrivance Movement Ant. Counteraction. Defeat Baffle- ment Detection. Countermovement Check. Neutralization. Mansuetudb, To. Lat. man- staetudo, manus, the hand, and sw^scH"-", to become accustomed. Stn. Docility. Mildness. Gentleness Tameness. Ant. Ferocity. Wildness. Flercenew Savageoess, Untameableness. 256 Synonyms and Antonyms. Manitfaotuee, n. Lat. manus and /acs/-e, to make. Stk. Make. Production. Fabrication. Compotjition. Construction. Manipulation. Moulding. Ant. Use. Employment. Consump- tion. Wear. Manumit, v. Lat. manus, a hand, and mittere, to send off — referring to the Eoman cere- mony of giving slaves their free- dom. See Enslave. Manumission, n. See Manu- mit. Many, adj. Sax. manig. Syk. Numerous. Abundant. Frequent. Manifold. Divers. Sundry. Ant. Few. Scarce. Hare. Infrequent. Mab, V. tr. Sax. merran, to impede or dissipate. Sin. Spoil. Hurt. Damage. Injure. Defeat. Impair, Maim. Ant. Make, Restore. Mend. Improve. KeinstAte. Promote. Enbance. Conserve. Marauder. Der. ■uncertain. Perhaps Lat. morari, to loiter, hang about. Stn. Plunderer. Invader. Rover. Free- booter. Moss-trooppr. Filibuster. Pillager. ,4.NT. Ranger. Guard. Sentry. Keeper. Outpost. Marcher, Margin, n. Lat. margo, inis. Used metaphorically for avail- able contingent space over and above the primary limitations of a thing. StN. Edge. Lip. Boundary. Latitude. Room. Loophole. Ant, Figure. Space. Centre. Limita- tion. Restriction. Stringency. Marine, adj. Marinus, mare. Belonging to the sea. Stn. Oceanic. Sea Neptunian. Marl- time. Naval, Salt-water. Nautical. Ant. Terrestiial. Terrene, Land, Fresh- water. Marital, adj. Of or belong- ing to the condition of a hus- banA. Syn. Matrimonial. Conjugal. Connu- oial. Nuptial Hymeneal, Ant. .single. Celibate. Unwedded. Un- Tuuiubial. Maritime, adj. See Marine. Mark, n. Sax. mearc Used metaphorically for notability, Syn, Trace, Token, Sign. Symptom, Impresbion. Indication, Note, Ant, Erasure, Obliteration. Efface- ment, Unindicativeness. Plainness. Mark, v. See Mark, n. To give heed to a mark, or to make a mark npon. Syn. Stamp. Label. Sign. Indicate. Decorate. Brand. Stigmatize. Signalize. Note. Observe. Regard. Heed. Specily. Specialize. Ant. Ignore. Overlook. Omit. Mis- label. Mismark. Misindicate. Misobserve. Misspecify. Makbiagb, n. Low Lat. ma- ritagium. Syn. Matrimony. Nuptials, i^ousals. Wedlock. Ant. Celibacy. Virginity. Marrow, n. Sax. mearg. Used metaphorically. ^ Syv. Pith, Gist, Substance, Essence. Life, Cream, Kernel, Ant, Surplusage, Redundancy, Excre- scence, Superfluity, Clothing, Dressing Amplification, Volume. Mass. Body. Marshal, v. tr. Old Germ. marah, a horse (comp. Mace), and scale, servant, 'Ft. marechal, means a marshal and a farrier. The term seems to have ascended gradually from the rani of the lowest to that of the highest oflScer of cavalry, through inter- mediate stages, as, provost-mar- shal, &c., of a social or civil cha- racter. Syn. ^ee Order and Arrange. Martial, adj. Mars, marfis. Having the qualities or bearing of soldiers, also appertaining to the profession of a soldier. Syn. Military, Warlike, Ant, Unmartial, Unniilitary, Peaceful, Martyrdom, n. Martyr. Gr, liaprus, a witness; one toho bore witness unto death to the religion of Ohiist. Used sometimos ob- Synmiyms and Antonyms. ^f>l joctionably in the sonse of tor- ture. See Torture. Stw. Confession. Ant. Renegatiun. Abjuration. ' Mabvel, n. Lat. mirabilis. Used objectively for a matter of wonder, and subjectively for the feeling of it. Stn. Wonder. Prodigy. Admiration. Portent, Miracle. Astouishment. Amaze- ment. Phenomenon. Ant. Incuriosity. Unconcern. Joke, yrifle. Farce. Bagatelle. Moonshine. Cipher. Drug. Imposture. Juggle. MaevellouSj adj. See Mar- vel. MascdxinEj adj. MascuUnuSj mas, a male. Stn. Male. Manly. Manful. Airr. Female. Feminine. Womanish. Womanly. Effeminate. Mash, v. tr. Sax, miscan. Germ. m.eischen. Stn. Mix. Kuead. Compound. Amal- gamate. Ant. Discompound. Sift. Winnow. Dinamalgamate. Mask, n. Low. Lat, masca. Used symbolically. Stn. Pretext. Pretence. Screen. Ruae. Cover. Hypocrisy. Ant, Truth. Nakedness. Detection. Exposure. Unmasking. Verity. Openness. Candour. Mask, v. tr. See noun. Stn. Hide. Screen. Blink. Cloke. Disguise. Ant. Expose. Unmask. Detect. Mass, n. Lat. massa, Gr. uda-o-eLv, to knead. Stn. Lump. Body. Bulk. M^orlty, Heap. Ant. Fragmpnt. Bit, Portion. Morsel. Section. Minority, Massaokb, n. Fr. Low Lat. mazctriuoi, Germ, metzyer, a butcher. See Carnage. Massive, adj. See Mass and Huge. Stn. Solid. Huge. 'Tolossal. Weighty. Mighty. Vast. Ant. Slight. Petty. Stunted. Frail. Sleiiaer. Airy. Master, n. Ijat. magister. Stn. Lord Ruler. Governor. Owner. Posseti&or. Proprietor. Teacher. Professor, Adept. Ant. Servant. ' Slave. Subject. Pro- perty. Learner. Pupil. Tyro. Master, v. tr. See 7ioun. Syn. Conquer, Overcome. Subdue. Overpower. Ant. Yield. Fail. Surrender. Suc- cumb, Masterly, adj. See Master. Stn Finished. Artistic. Consummate Ant. Clumsy. Rude. Bungling. Boicby Unskilled, Maladroit, MA5TEKT, n. See Master. Stn. Authority, Leadership. Head- ship. Proficiency. Success. Superiority. Victory. Advantage. Ant. Subservience. Submission. Tute- lage. (Guidance. Obedience. Inexpertness. Ignorance. Failure. Defeat. Surrender. Masticate, v. tr, Lat. mas- ticare. Stn. Manducate. Chew, Akt. JBult. Gobble. Match, n. Sax. maca. Used in the following various senses : — Stk. Equal. Mate. Companion. Con- test. Competition. Tally. Equality. Pair. Ant. Superior. Inferior. Mismatch. Oddity. Disparity. Inequality. Match, V. ^r. and m^. See noun. Syn. Equal. Compare. Oppose. Pit. Adapt. Sort. Suit. Mate. Ant. Fail. Exceed. Preponderate. Sur- pass. Mismatch. Dissociate. Separate. Mis- tit. Misadapt. Missort. Matchless, adj. See Match, v. Sth. Cunsummate. Incomparable. Peer- less. Ant. Common. Ordinary. Every-day. Commonplace. Mate, n, and v. Icel. matt, conipanion. See Match. Material, n. Lat. maferies. Stn. Subatjjice. Stuff. Ant, Work. Production. Design. Material, arfy. See noun, and Essential. Matrimony, n, Lat. matri- monium, mater, a mother. See Wedlock. 258 Matbon, n. mater. Stn. Mother. Woman. Dowager. Dame. Ant. Girl. Lass. DamseL Spinster. Miss. Matter, n. Lat. materies. Syn. Substance. Stuff. Subject, Body. Importance. (Or, prefixing the definite article) The Visible. Tangible. Substantial. Cor- poreal. Physical. Ponderable. Ant. Immateriality. Spirituality. Mind. Intellect. Spirit. The Invisible. Unseen. Spii-icual. Moral. Mental. Intellectual. Mattjbe, adj\ Lat. maturus. See Ripe. Matutinal, adj. Lat. matu- tinusj from mane, in the morn- ing. Syn. Early. Morning. Waking. Dawn- ing, Ant. Late. Vespertinal. Evening. Slumbering. Waning. Maudlin, adj. Contracted from Magdalene, who was drawn by painters with eyes red with weeping; the appearance being referred in other cases to semi- intoxication. The word was taken to express that state, and the sickly sentimentality which sometimes accompanies it. Syn. Intoxicated. Temulent. Senti- mental, Mawkish, Mellow. Ant. Sensible. Unromantic. Unsenti- mental. Dry. Sober. Mawkish, adj. Scot. mauJc, a maggot. Having a disgusting and sickening effect. SvK. Sickly. Sentimental, Maudlin, insipid. ' Akt. Savonry. Sensible. Sound. Fine. Pungent. Palatable. Maxim, n. Lat. maxima (sen- tential. The sentence which is the strongest or most anthoritar tive form of stating a principle. Syn. Adage. Rule, Axiom. Apothegm. Ant. Absurdity. Sophism. Quibble. Pai ados, iiiigma. Maximum, n. Lat. The greatest extent, or the highest point. Synonyms and Antonyms, Lat. matrona. Stk, Ultimatum. Climax. Acme, Zfr nith. Apex. Completioa Utmost. Con- summation. Culmination. Ant. Initiative. Commencement In- choation. Incompletion. Abortion. De- crease. Wane. Minimuni. Morsel frag- ment. Maze, n. Sax. mdse, a whirl' pool, Icel. meis, a curve. See Labyrinth. Meagee, adj. Lat. macer. Stn. Thin. I/^an. Lank. Scanty. Barren. Ant. Stout. Fat. Brawny. Abundant. Fertile. CopiouB. Mean. Sax. man. Allied to Lat. communis. Stn. Common. Low. Base. Spiritless, Dishonourable. Contemptible. Despicable. Beggarly. Sordid. Niggardly, Ant, High. Exalted. Eminent. Spi- rited. Honourable. Lordly. Princely. Munificent. Liberal. Generous. Mean, adj. Lat. medianns, medius, or else from above, Stn. Middle. Intermediate. Average. Ant. Extreme. Excessive. Exorbitant, Mean, n. See adjective. Stn. Medium. Moderation. Balance. Average. Ant. Extreme. Excess. Preponderance Disproportion. Deficiency. Shortcomirg. Inadequacy. Mean, v. tr. Sax. mcenan, re- citej lament, mean. Stn. Intend. Purpose, DesiKU. Signify. Denote, Indicate. Surest. Hint. Ant. Say. State. Enunciate. Do. Execute. Perform. Meaning, n. See Mean. Meanness, n. See Mean, adj. Means, n. See Mean, n. The middle thing between the pur- pose and the execution. Syn. Resources. Instrument Media. Ant. End. Purpose. Object Measure, n. Lat. mensura. See Dimension. Measure, v. Metiri, mensus, to mete or measure. Stn. Mete. Estimate. Gauge. Valav. Appraise. Ant. Misfit. Misconform. Mismeaeurc Misdeal. Misapportion. Synonyms and Antonyms, 259 Mbastjrelbss, adj\ See MeSr sure and Infinite. Mechanical, adj. Lat. ma- china^ Fr. mechanigue. Going, as it were, by machinery, witiii little appearance of volition. Sometimes opposed to chemical, Stw. Habitual. Automatic. Unreflec- tive. Spontaneous. Effortless. Unim- passioned. Ant. Laboured. Self-conscious. Forced. Feeling. Spirited. Appreciative. Life- like. Lively. Impassioned. Animated. Meddle, u. int. Lat. medium. Comp. Middle and Medley. Sin. See Interfere. Meddlesome, adj. See Meddle. Syw. Officious. Obtrusive. Intrusive. Interfering. Ant. Unofficious. Inobtrusive. Un- meddlesome. Mediation, n. See Meddle. Syn. Interference. Interposition. Re- conciliation. Atonement. Arbitration. Adjustment. Ant, Neutrality, Non-interference. Indifference. Medicament, w. Lat. medica- TnentuTUj mederip to heal. See 'Remedy. Medicate, v. tr. See Medi- cament Syn. Treat. Compound. Amalgamate. Adulterate. Sophisticate. Drug. Ant. Clarily. Analyze. Purify. Defe- cate. Simpiily. Disadidterate. Medicine, n. See Medica- ment. Syn. Remedy. Pbysic. Therapeutics. Antidote. Salve. Cure. Corrective, Ant. Aggravation. Poison. Virus. Bane. Mediocrity, n, Lat. medio- critaSj medius. The quality of being in a middling state, as dis- tinguished from anything higher or better. Syn. Commonplace. Mean, Medium. Average. SufBciency. Ant. Excellence. Superiority. Rarity. Brilliance. Distinction. MkditatEj v. tr, and int, Lat. nieditari. Syn. Think. Cogltiite. Purpose. Ru- minate. Contemplate. Plan. Ant. Execute. Enact. Complete. Con- summate. ' Medium, n. Lat. See Mean, n . Medley, n. Old Fr. mesler, Lat. miscere, to mix. Syn. Jumble. Confusion. Tumult Mixture. Hodge-podge. Litter. Ant. Assortment. Arraiigtment Dis- position. Classification. Interdistinctio:^ (irouping. Collocation. Meed, n. Sax. med, Gr. fitcr66c, a reward of merit. Stn. Guerdon. Premium. Prize. Re ward. Ant. Penalty. Punishment. Brand. Stigma. Amercement. Meek, adj. Old Eng. Syw. Mild. Gentle. Submissive. Mo- dest. Yitlding. Ant. Bold. Arrogant. Self-asserting Irritable. Proud. High-spirited. Meet, v. act. and neut. Stn. Encounter. Confront. Assemble. Unite. Coalesce. Converge. Ant. Miss. Pass. I^cape. Elur'e Avoid, Decline. Disperse. Diverge. Se- parate. Vary. Disagree. Melancholy, adj. Gr. fieXas, black, and xo^'?* .9^?^ ^ ^*^fi- Stn. Gloomy. Sad. Dejected. Dis- consolate. Dismal. Moody. Hypochon- driacal. Ant. Lively. Sprightiy. Gladsome. Gleesome. Blithpsome. Happy. Cheerful. Gamesome. Mirthful. Merry. Melancholy, n. See adjective. Meliorate, v. tr. See Ame- liorate. Mellifluous, adj. Mel, mellls, honey J and fluere, to flow. Stn. Dulcet. Euphonious. Silvery . Flowing. Smooth. Ant. Harsh. Hoarse. Abrupt. Ran- corous. Rough. Discordant, Broken. Mellow, adj. Sax. milisc, sweet, ripe, Stn. Ripe. Rich. Full - flavoured , JoviaL Ant. Unripe. Harsh. Sour. Acid. Acrid. Crabbed. Sober. Dry. Melodious, adj, Gr. iieXadia. See Musical. s 2 260 Synonyms and Antonyms. MsLT, V. tr. and int. Sax. mdtan. Stk. Dissolve. Liquify. Colliquate. Run. FI9W. Fuse. Ant. Consolidate. Crystallize. Indu- ate. Membbe, n. Lat. merribrium, a limb. Stn. TJmb, Part. Portion. Con- stituent. Comporll'nt. Ant. Body. Whole. Entirety. Con- stitution. Organization. Comnnmity. As- gociatioQ. Mbmoeable, adj, Memorare, mcmor, mindful. Worthy to be remembered. Syn. Great. Striking. Rmiarhable. Couspicuous. Prominent. IToticeiible. Illus- trious. Extraordinary. Famous. Distin- guibbed. Ant. Petty. Trifling. Ordinary. In- significant. Unnoticeable. Slight. Trivial Mediocre. Memorial, n. See Memo- rable. SvN. Monument. Record. Memento. Celebration. Eemembrunce. Relic. In- scription. Ant. Obliviation. Silentiation. Obli- teration. Effacement. Erasure. Memory, n . Lat. memoria. Used subjectively for the faculty of remembering, and objectively for the state of being remem- bered. Syn, Remembrance. Reminiscence. Per- petuation. RecoUeciion. Retention. Re- trospect. Fame. Ant. Forgetfulness. Oblivion. Menace, 0. tr. Lat. minari, minaxj to threaten. See Threaten. Mend, v. tr. Lat. emendare, menda, afaidt. Stn. Repair. Resfore. Correct. Pro- mote. Improve. Rectify. Reform. Amt. iMniage. Impair. Pervert. Re- tard. Deteriorate. Falsify. Corrupt, bpoil. MEN35ACiTr, iv. Lat. mendax, mPTidacious, lying. SvN. Falsehood. Lying. Untmthful- ness. Deception. Pievaricutinn. Dupli- city. Ant. Veracity. Trnthfulness. Frank- ness, uindour. Ingenuousneaa. Mendicity, n. Lat. w^Tiiwraru, to heg. Syn'. Mendicancy. Beggary. Ant. Industry. Labour. Menial, adj. Norm. Fr. wef- -neCj a household or family. Comp. Menage. Syn. Domestic. Attendant. Dependent. Servile. Ant. Paramount, Sovereign. Supreme. Lordly. Independent. UncouLiolled. Auto- cratic. Mensuration, 71. ^See Measure. Used also in the technical sense of— Syn. Surveying. Geometry. Geodesy. Mental, adj\ Lat. mens, mentis, the mind. Appertaining to the mind. Srs. Intellectual. Subjective. Meta- physical. Psychical. Psychological. Ant. Corporeal. Objective. Physical. Bodily. Mention. Lat. meminisse, from me)iSy to remember. A memorial notice. Syn. Declaration. Notice. Announce- ment. Observation. Ant. Silence. Suppression. Forgetful- ness. Omission. Mephitic. Lat. mephiticus, from mephitis. Foully vaporous or malarious. Syn. Malarious. Miasmatic. Akt. Balmy. Genial. Salubrious. Mercantile, adj. Mercari, to traffic^ merx, merchandize. Stn. Commercial . 1 n terchangcable Wholesale. Retail. Markeiable. Ant. Stagnant. Unmarketable. Un- mercantile. Mercenary, adj. merces, pay. Acting from motives of profit. STN. Soixild. Venal. Selfish. Avaricious. Giipins. AxT. Liberal. Generous. Disinterested. Profuse. Prodigal. Merchant, n. See Mercantile. Stn. Trader. Dealer. Importer. Ant. Shoi man. Salesman. Retailor CliapmHn. Hawker. Huckster. Pedlar Chandler. CciSLermonger. Jobber. Synonyms and Antonyms. 261 Merot, w. Lat. misericordia. Sin. Compassion. Clemency. Forgive- ness. 'Forbearance. Grace. Benefit. Gift. Pity. Airr. Exaction. Harshness. Cruelty. Vengeance. Unpityingneas. Unforgive- ness. Mere, adj\ Sax. mcere, Lat. merus. Stn. Pure. Unmixed. Absolute. Un- influenced. Unadulterated. Unaffected. Simple. Ant. Mixed. Compound. Impure. Biassed. Mereteicious, adj. Meretrix, a harlot. ■ Stn. Tricksy. Unchaste. Gaudy. Im- pure. Tawdry. Flashy. Ant. Solid. Good. Chaste. Simple. Pure. MergEj V. tr. Lat. mergere, to sink. See Sink. Meridian, n. The position of the sun at noon, from Lat. me- dius and dies, mid-day. Used metaphorically. Stw. Zenith. Summit. Culmination. Height. Apex. Acme. Pinnacle. ANT. Nadir. Depth. Depression. Pro* fundity. fiaSe. Merit, n, Mererij merituSj to deserve, Stn. Goodness. Worth. Worthiness. Desert. Excellence. AsT. Badness. Demerit. Unworthlness. Worthlessness. Weakness. Imperfection. Error. Defect. Fault, Failing. Merry, adj. Sax. myrig. See Melancholy. Mesh. Sax. masc, a reticula- tion. Used metaphorically. Stn. Intricacy. Entanglement. Invo- lution. Snare. Ant. Extrication. Escape. Deliverance. Message, n. Fr. from the Lat. mitfere, missus, to send. Stn. Communication. Intimation. Mis- ■Ive. Notice. Ant. Non-communlcatiofl, Intercep- tion. Metaphor. Gr. fiera, and (pepeiVf to ca/rry out oj^ the literal' to a figurative. Stn. Similitude. Image. Ant. Letter, Llteraluess. Metaphysical, adj'. Meta- physics. jUfra TO. yJAvaLKdj after the Fhysics — which were firat treated by Aristotle; as, secondly^ Metaphysics, the science of thought and conception, as dis- tinct from the study of physical or external objects. Stn. Mental. Intellectual. Abstract. Ideal. Conceptional. Subjective. Rela- tional. Notional. Abstruse. Psychical. Ant. Physical. I'bysiological. Pal- pable. External. Substantial. Practical Corporeal. Material. Obj ec ti ve. Mete, v. tr. Metiri, to mea- sure. Stn. Measure. Apportion. Distribute Ant. Misdeal. Misapportion. Meteoric, adj. Like a meteor. fX€r€o>pos, aerial. Used some- times in the sense of the follow- ing:— Stn. Momentary. Flashing. Displosive. Phosphorescent. Pyrotechnic. Coruscant. Volcanic. Ant. Permanent. Beaming. Burning. Steady. Peraistent. Enduring. Method, n. Lat, methodus, fxera, after, and odos, a way. The word signifies, first, an orderly or approved mode of scientific inquny after truth ; thence, order, as shown in treatr ment, procedure, or arrange- ment. Stn. Order. System. Rule. Way. Manner. Mode. Course. Process. Regu- larity. Arrangement. Ant. Disorder. Conjecture. Empiricism. Quackery. Experimentation. Assumption. Guess-work. Methodical, adj\ See Me- thod. Methodize, v. tr. See Method. To reduce to mental order or method. Not used of things ex- ternal to the mind, Stn. Shape. Arrange. Order. Mar- shal. Eaucleate. Eliminate. Organize. Ant. Confuse. Jumble. Disorder. Dis- organize. 262 Synonyms and Antonyms. Mettle, n. Same word as Metal. Metcdlum, a mine or metal. The stuff of which a thing is made ; the characteristic spirit. Spirit emphatically. S™. Ardour. Spirit. Life. Fire. Anl- natioa. AST. Hebetude. Insensibility. Callous- ness. Placidity. Stoicism. Cowardic-e. SubmissivenesB. Slavishness. Mettlesome, adj. See Mettle. Mew, v. See Confine. From mutare, to change. To change feathers, or moult as birds do, and hawks in particular, which during the process were confined in cages called mews. The word is still used in the plural, and the sense of stables. Mtasmatio. Miasma. Gr. fiidiveiVf to infect. Syn. Effluvious. Malarious. Foetid. Polluted. Noxious. Mephltic. Ant. Balmy. Pure. Untainted. Salu- brious. Middle, n. Lat. medius. See Mean. Middling, adj. See Middle and Tolerable. BIiDST, n. Contracted from middest, the superlative of mid. Syh. Middle. Centre. Thick. Throng. Heart. Akt. Outskirt. ConSne. Edge. Limit. Extreme. Purlieu. Margin. Mien, n. Fr. mine. Stn. Look. Aspect. Air. Manner. Appearance. Carriage. Bearing, Deport- ment. Amt. Character. Disposition. Tempera, ment. Constitution. Nature. Being, Per- sonality. Might, n. Sax. TneaM, from inagan, to he able — the root of may. Stn. Strength. Force. Power. AnT. Weakness. Infirmity. Feeble- ness. Mmwiliadj. fe Might. Some- times used also in the sense of haughty. Mild, adj. Sax. mild. Stn, Moderate, Lenient, Calm. Gcotlft Genial. Tempered. Ant. Violent. Wild, P^eme. Savage Strong, Severe, Merciless, Harsh, Bitcez, Military, adj. Lat. militaris, miles, a soldier. See Martial. MiLi TATB, V. int. See Military. Used with the prep, against. Stn, Contend. Conflict. Jar. Clash. Ant. Harmonize. Agree. Suit Coin- cide. Milky. Sax. from mdcan, Lat. mulgere, Gr. dfieXyeiv, to milk. Having any or all of the properties of milk. Stn. White, Emulccnt Chalky, Ant, Inky. Irritant, Luteous, MiNAOiTY, n. See Menace. Minatoey, adj. See Menace. Mince, v. tr. Sax, minsian, from minn, minor. To cut or divide into lesser pieces. Used metaphorically for to diminish, as, the force of a statement. Stn, Attenuate, Comminute, Palliate. Extenuate, Airr. Exaggerate, Amplify, Magnify. Mincing, adj. See Mince. Said of speech and maimer. Sin, Slow, Affected. Syllabical. Pe- dantic, Euphuistic, Ant, Rapid. Voluble, Unafiected, Natural, Bluff. Mind, «. Sax. mynd, allied to Lat. mens. Syn. Soul, Spirit, Intellect. Under- standing. Opinion. Sentiment, Judgment, Belief, Choice, Inclination, Desire. WiU. Liking. Purpose. Spirit. Impetus. Me- mory, Remjembrance, Recollection, Ant. Body, Limbs, Organization. Ao- tidn. Proceeding, Conduct, Object In- difference, Coolness, Aversloa FotgeU fulness. Obviousness. MrNDFTTL, adj. See Mind. Stn, Regardful, Attentive. Thoughtful. CarefuL Recollective. AjtT. Regardless. iDattentive. Mind* less. Oblivious, Mingle, v. tr. and int. Sax, mengan. Bynonyms and Antonyms. 263 SVw. Mix. Compound. Blend. Con- Sbund. Confuse. Intermingle. Associate. Amalgamate. A^'T. Separate. Segregate. Sift. Sort. Analyze. IJiscompound. Eliminate. Claa- Bify. Unravel. Avoid. MiNuruM, n. Lat. See Maxi- mum. Minion, n. Fr. mignon. BtN. Favourite. Darling. Pet. Akt. Antipathy. Horror. Aversion. Bugbear. Minister, n. Lat. A servant. SrN. Servant. OfBcer. Delegaie. Ofli- ciaL Ambassador. Subordinate. Ant. Monarch. Government. Master. Superior. Principal. Head. MlNisTEK, V. int. See Minister, n. Used with prep. to. Stn. Attend. Subserve. Walt. Supply. Ant. Lead. Kule. Command. Exact. MiNISTET, •«., MiNISTBATION.n. See Minister. MiNOE, adf. Lat. Less. Stn. IjCss. Inferior. Junior. Younger. Unimportant. .-Vnt. Major. Greater. Superior. Senior. Elder. Main. Important, MmuTB, adj. Lat. minutus, part, of minuere, to dimmish. Stn. Diminutive. Microscopic. Tiny. Exact. Searching. Specific. Detailed. Ant. Monstrous. Enormous. Huge. Inexact. Superficial. General. Broad. Comprehensive. MiKACULOXrs, adj. Miracidum, a miracle, from mirari, to wonder. Stn. Supernatural. Hyperphysical. Ant. Ordinary. Natural. MisACOEPTATioN, n. Prefix mis, and acceptare, to accept. Syn. Misunderstanding. Misinterpre- tation. Misuse. Ant. Acceptation. Meaning. MiSADVBNTUKE, n. See Ad- venture. Stn. Failure. Mishap. Misfortune. Ant. Success. Achievement MiSANTHEOPT, n. fiicrflu, to hate, avBpcmos, man. /SeePMlan- thropy. Misapply, v. tr. See ipply. Misapprehend, v. tr. See Ap- prehend. MiSAPPEOPElATB, V. tr. Pre- fix, mis, and proprius, one's own or peculiar. Snr. Misassign. Purloin. Misdistribule. Abuse. Misuse. Ant. Assign. Distribute. Employ. Use. Misarbanoe, V, tr. See Ar- range. Miseeooke, v. tr. See Become. MisBBHAViouE, n. See Be- haviour. Misbelief, n. See Belief. Miscalculate, v. tr. See Cal- culate. Miscall, v. tr. Prefix mis, and call. Stn. Misname. Misindicate. Ant. Name. Call. Indicate. Denote. Specify. Denominate. Miscellany, ■«. Fr. Lat. miscellaneus, from miscere, to mingle. Stn. Mixture. Intermixture. Jumble. Medley. Ant, System. CoUeclion. Classification. Assortment. Group. Selection, Mischance, n. See Chance and Misadventure. Mischief, n. Old Fr. meschef, Lat. minus and caput. That which lessens or damages the head or life of a thing ; thence transferred to the quality which leads to purposed harm, Stn, Damage, Hurt, Detriment. Dis- service. Annoyance, Injury, Ill-turn, Ant, Compensation, Good-turn, Bene- fit. Favour, Gratification. Conversation Mischikvous, adj. See Mis- chief. Stn, Detrimental, Injurious, Spiteful. Wanton. Ant. Beneficial. Advantageous. Kepa- ratory. Conservative. CarefuL Protective. MisciBLE, adj. Miscere, tc mix. Stn, Compnundable, Amalftamnble, Ant UQi>(,mpoundable, Immiscible. 264 Synonyms and Antonyms. See Corn- See Con- MlSOOMl'UTB, adj. pute. MiSOONOBIVK. V. tr, oeive. MisooNBUOT, n. See Conduct, v., and MisbehaTiour. MisooNJEOTURB, M. See Conjec- ture. Si's. Miscalculation. Missupposition. Ant, Hit, Discovery. Ascertainment. MisooNSTEUE, V. tr. See Con- strue, Miscount, v. tr. See Count. Miscreant, n. Old Fr. mes- creant, Lat. minus credens, an in- fidel or apostate. Thence, a term of reproach generally. Stn, See Rogue. Misdeed, n. See Deed and Crime, MiSDBMBANOTiB, n. See De- meanour and Felony. Misdirect, v. tr. See Direct. Misdoing, n. See Misdeed. Misemploy, v. tr. See Em- ploy. Miser, n, Lat. miserable. One who makes himself miserable in his anxiety to hoard wealth. Stn, NIgKard. Churl. Sliiofllnt, Cur- mudgeon. Screw, Scrimp. Ant, Prodigal. Speodthrift. Eake. MiSEEABLB, adj. Lat. raisera- bilis, miser. s™. Abject, Forlorn. Pitiable. Wretched. Ant. It'^spectable. "Worthy, Contented, Jjappy. Comfortable, Miserly, adj. See Miser. Misery, /t. See Miserable. Misestimate, v. tr. See Esti- mate and Value. MiSFOETDNB, n. Fortuna, for- tune. See Disaster and Misad- \ enture. Misgiving, n. Set Give. A reluctance to give or repose trust. Sometimes, conversely, an impart- ing of distrust, as, 'my heart misgave me.' See Doubt and Distrust. Misgovern, v. tr. See Govern. MisGinDE, V. tr. See Guide. Mishap, n. See Hap and Mis- adventure. Misinformation, n. See In- form. MisiNSTRUOTiON, K. See In- struct. MisiNTELLlGENCB, H. See In- telligence. MisiNTEBPBET, V. tr. See In- terpret. MisjoiNBD. See Join and Match. Mislay, v. tr. See Lay and Lose. Mislead, v. tr. See Lead. MiSLiKE, V. tr. See Like. Mismanage, v. tr. See Manage. Mismatch, n. See Match. Misname, v. tr. See Name, v. Misnomer, n. See Name, ». Mispeesuade, v. tr. See Per- suade, Misplace, v. tr. See Place, v. Mibpronounoe, v. tr. See Pro- nounce. MiBPEOPORTiONED, adj. See Proportion. Stn, Ungainly. Misformed. Hi-shaped. Ant. Well-proportioned, Elegant, Har- monious, Shapely, Misquote, v. tr. See Quote. MiBREOKON, V. tr. See Eeckon. Misrepout, n. See Report. Misrepresent, v. tr. See Re- present. Synonyms and Antonyms. See Eule. Mittere, missus, to 265 MlSBTJLE n. Miss, v. rr. lose. See Lose and Meet. Misshapen, adj. See Shapely. JIlSSlLE, n. Mittere, to send. Stx. Projectile. Ant. Artillery. Hand-arms. Side-arms. Mission, n. Missio. Lat. tnittere, missus, to send. Stn. Commission. Trust. OfBce. Dele- gation. Ministry. Embassy. Legation, Deputation. AST. Assumption. Usurpation. Self- appointment. Missive, n. See Mission. Stn. Communication. Despatch. Mes- sage. Ast:. See Message. Misspend, v. tr. See Spend. Misstate, v. tr. See State. Misstatement, n. See State. Mist, n. Sax. Used some- times metaphorically. Stn. Fog. Obscurity. Bewilderment. Perplexity. Haze. Amt. Brightness. Clearness. Lucidity. Mistake, n. See Take and Error. Misteach, v. tr. See Teach. MiSTBASSLATB, V. tr. See Translate. MiSTEUST, V. tr. See Trust. MlSUNDBESTAIfDING, «. See Understanding. Misuse, v. See Use. Misuse, n. See verb. Mitigate, v. tr. Mitigare, mitis, gentle. See Aggravate. Mix, v. tr. Lat. miscere. Syh. See Mingle. Moan, v. tr. Sax. mcman. See Bewail. Mob, n. Mobile vulgus, the movable or fickle vulgar. See Bevy. Mobile, adj. See Mob. Stn. Movable. Sensitive. Ficide. la- constant. Variable. Ductile. Ant. Immovable. Inexorable. Un- Unvarylng. Mock, v. tr. mock. Stn. Jeer. Eidicule. Insult. Ant. Salute. Welcome, mire. Compliment. Tr. moquer, to Flount. Mimic. Respect Ad- Lat. modus, manner. Mode, n. See Method. Model, n. Modulus, from mo- dus, a measure. That by which other things are to be measured. Stn. Standard. Pattern. Example. Type. Mould. Design. Aht. Imitation. Copy. Productiou. Execution. Worlc. The word is sometimes used in the sense of an imitative re- presentation, as a model of a palace, a fac-simile Moderate, v. tr. Moderare, to moderate, from modus, a mea" sure. To keep within bounds or control. Stn, Control. Regulate. Repress. Go- vern. Temper. Ant. Disturb. Disorganize. Excite. Misconduct. Moderate, adj. See Moderate, V. Kept within limits. Stn. Limited. Temperate. Sparing, steady. Ordinary. Akt. Extravagant. Intemperate. Ri- gorous. Excessive. Violent. Extraor- dinary. MoDEE ATOE, n. See Moderate, V. One who moderates or regu- lates common proceedings. Syn, Chairman. Regulator. Conductor Manager. Ant. Disturber. Agitator. Modern, adj'. Lat. modernus, from mtido, just vow. Syn. Present. Existent. Later. New. New-fashioned. New-lanpled. Ant. Past. Bygone. Former. Ancient Olden. Old-iashioned. Antiquated. Ob8<^ lete. 266 Synonyms and Antonyms. MoDBBT, adf. Modestus. See Meek and Modesty. Modesty. Modestia, modus, a limit. A refrainment of manner proceeding from purity and hu- mility. Stn. Sobriety, Diffidence. Bashfuloess, Humility. Puremindedness. Ant. Vanity. Conceit. Self-sufficiency. Self-admiration. Foppery. Coxcombry. Wantonness. Shamelessness. Effrontery. MODIFIOATION, n. Modus, a limit. The altering so as to bring within certain limits, or qualify the general character, or a natural variety of form. Stit. Alteration. Revision. Variation, Qualification. Species, Akt. Retention. Stereotype. Stabilita- tion. MoDiBH, adj. Adopting the present mode or fashion. See Mode. Stw. Fashionable. ' Stylish. Modem. Ant. Unfashionable. Quaint Unstyiish. Gawky. Dowdy. Modulation, n. Uodiiari. To vary by transitional changes the harmonies of keys or modes in music. Stn. Harmonization. Harmonies. Ant. Intonation. Recital. Monotone. MoiBTT, n. Medietas, from medius, middle. See Half. Moil, v. tr. Mollis, soft. To discolour with damp, wet, or dirt. But cf. Goth, mail, macula, Syk. Daub, Stain. Dirt. Muck. Soil. Ant. Cleanse. Clean. Absterge, Purify. Moist. Der. unknown. Syn. Damp. Humid. Ant. Arid. Dry. Moisture, n. See Moist. Molecule. Dim. of Moles, a mass. Syn. Atom. Monad. Ant, Body. Bulk. OrganlEm, Com- pound. Structure. MoLEBT, V. tr. Molestus, trcu- Vlesome, burdensome; moles, a heap. s™. Trouble. Disturb. Tease. Annoy Irritate. Ant. Soothe. Caress, Pacify Auuaga Pet Mollify. Molestation, n. See Molest. Mollify, v. tr. Mollis, soft, scad facere, to make. See Molest. The former is used of persons and feelings, the latter of persons only. Moment, n. Momentum, mo- vimentum, movere, to move. Each minute step in the onward ad- vance of time. It retains also the active idea of power to move ; hence weight, importance. Stn. Instant. Second. Twinkling. Trice. Weight. Force. Gravity. Im. portance. Avail Ant. Age, Period, Century, Genera- tion, Triviality, Insignificance, Worth- lessness. Unimportance. Inefficacy. Monad, n. fioms, single. An indivisible atom. See Mole- cule. MONABOH, ■«. fiovos, and apx^i rule. A sole ruler. Stn. King. Sovereign. Despot. Tyrant Ant. Peer. Subject. MoNAECHiCAL, adj. See Mo- narch. Syn. Kingly. Royal. Despotic Ant. Republican. Democratic Oli- garchical. Autocratic Monastic, adj. See Monastery. Stn, Conventual, CBenobitical, Regiilar. Monkish, Akt, Unconventual, Secular. SocIaL Monition. See Admonish. Monitor, n. Monere, to advise. Syn. Adviser. Instructor. Mentor. Warner, Ant, Mlsadviser, Misinstructor, De- ceiver, Misdirector. Back-fr!end. Seducer, Monitory, adj. See Monitor. Stn. Advisory. Hortatory. Ant. Deceptive. Seductive. Monkish, adj. Monachus, a monk, bee Monastic. Monopoly. Mdvos, cdone, and Synonyms and Antonyms. 267 n-a>\eai, to sell. The exclusive right of sale. Hence generally an exclusive right of almost any kind. SrN. Privilege. Engrossment. Appro- priation. Exciusiveuess. Preoccupancy. Impropriation. Ant. Participation. Partnersliip. Com- mmiity. Competition. Free-trade. Monotheism, n. fiovos, and 6f6s, the worship of one only God. Syw. Deism. Ant, Polytheism. Monotony, n. Gr. ftoVor, and Tovos, a tone. Used meta- phorically for wearisome same- ness. SrN. Sameness. Unvaryingness. Tedium. Ant. Variation. Relief. Diversion. Monster, n. Monstrum, mon- strare, to show. Originally an ominous appearance, applied to things physically and persons morally monstrous, or munere. • Stw. Prodigy. Portent. MarveU De- formity. Abnormity, Fright Monstrosity. Leviathan. Colossus. Fiend. Brute. Ant. Beauty. Venus. Adonis. Nar- cissus. Gem, Pet. Jewel. Angel. Augury. Harbinger. Monstrous, adj. See Monster. Srs. Prodigious. Portentous. Mar- vellous. Deformed. Abnormal. Hideous. Preposterous. Intolerable. Ant. Ordinary. Familiar. Unnoticeable. Fair. Comely. Shapely. Regular. Na- tural. Reasonable. Just. MoNTJMENT, n. Monere, to ad/- vise or remind. See Memorial. Mood, n. Sax. m^d, Germ. muth, mind. A temporary con- dition of mind. Stn. state. Temper. Humour. Feel- ing. Ant. Mind. Character. Disposition. Nature. Moody, adj. See Mood. In- dulging in moods or a mood. Snf. Sullen. Humoursome. Gloomy. AST. Blithe. Merry. Genial. Sociable. Moot, v. tr. Sax. m6t,a meet- ing or assembly. Stn. Agitate. Discuss. Ventilate. Argue. Ant. Suppress. Stifle. Burke. Hush. Shelve. Moral, adf. Lat. mores, morals. Is used to mean appertaining to moral things as distinguished from physical, to the science of morahty, and, lastly, to the prac- tice of it. Snr. Mental. Ideal. Intellectual. Spi- ritual. Ethical. Probable. Inferential. Presumptive. Analogous. Virtuous. Well- conducted. Ant. Physical. Material. Practical. Demonstrative. Mathematical. ImmoraL Vicious. Morbid, adj. Morhidus. Lat. Ttiorhus, a disease. Syn. Diseased. Unsound. Unhealthy. Ant. Wholesome. Healthy. Sound. Mordent, adj. Mordere, to bite. Stn. Biting. Keen. Pungent. Ant. Mellow. Mild. Soothing. Morose, adj. Mos, maris. Es- pecially addicted to a habit, but by usage to the particular habit of suUenness. SvN. Sullen. Austere. Moody. Crab- bed. Surly. Ant. Genial, ludulgent. Kindly. Morsel, n. Mordere, morsal, to bite. Comp. Bit. See Bit. Mortal, adj. Mortalis, mors, death. SvK. Human. Ephemeral. Sublunary. Shortlived. Deadly. Fatal. Ant. Divine. Immortal. Celestial. Life-giving. Venial. Salutiferous. Super- ficial. Mortality, n. See Mortal. Mortify, v. tr. and int. Mors, and facere, to make, to deaden. Sto. Deaden. Subdue. Master. Vei. I>>.appoint. Annoy. Rot. Fester. l»u- trety. Ant. Feed. Pamper. Indulge. Kcasa. Gratify. Delight. Satisfy. Heal. Re- cover. Motion, n, Motio, movere. Set Movement. 268 Synonyms and Antonyms Motionless. See Motion and Still. Motive, n, Motivus, inducing to movement or action. Stn. Inducement. Purpose. Design. Prompting. Stimulus. Incitement. Ant. Kxecution. Action. Effort. Deed. Attempt Project. Preventive. Deterrent. Dissuasive. Motley, adj. "Welsh. Parti- coloured. Stn. Parti-coloured. Variegated. Mixed. Medley. Heterogeneous. Ant. Uniform. Homogeneous. Alike. Monochromatic. Mottled, adj. See Motley and Maculated. Mould, v. tr. Fr. Moule, from modtdus, dim. of modus, a limit j mode, or standard. Syn. Fashion. Shape. Manipulate. Form. Cast. ConOgure. Ant. Distort. Strain. Pervert. Mis- shape. Mouldy, adj. Sax. molde, Tnouldf soil. Syn. Green. Eusfy. Fusty. Musty. Over-ripe. Akt. Fresh. Wholesome. Pure. Sweet. Recent. Mount, v. tr. and int. Fr. monter, Lat. mans. See Ascend and Climb. MouEN, V. tr. and int. Sax. murnan. See Grieve and Bewail. Mournful, adj. See Mourn. Stn. Sad. Melancholy. Tearful. Dole- ful. Depressing. Walling. Lugubrious. Ant. Joyous. MirthluL Exhilarating. Movable, ad.f. Mwere, to move. See Stationary. Move. Act. and neut. Lat. movere. Syn. Change. Go. Progress. Stir. Affect. Agitate. Actuate. Impel. Pro- pose. Advance, Propel. Aut. Stand. Stop. Lie. Rest. Stay. Allay. Deter. Prevent. Arrest. With- draw. Movement n. Motion, See Move and Much, adf. Sax. mucel. Syn. Abundant. ]*ienteous. Greatly Abundantly. Far, Ant. Little. Scant. Slightly. Short Shortly. Near. Mucilaginous, adj. Lat. MmU lagoj mucus, mucilage. Stn. Gelatinous. Albuminous. Creamy Glairy. Viscous. Jjentous. Ant. Limpid. Crystalline. Bubbling Frothing. Foaming. EEFervescent. Spark ling. Spirituous. Muddle, v. Mud. Syn. Fail, Waste. PYitter away. Con- fuse. Derange. Misarrange. Ajst. Clarify. Manage. Economize Classify. Arrange. Muddy, adj. Like mud, oi having mud. Sth. Luteous. Swampy. Clayey. Tur- bid. Ant. Dry. Arid. Rocky. Arenaceous. Sandy. Limpid. Pellucid. Crystallme. Muffle, v. tr. Low Germ. muffe, a sleeve. To muffle in the - first instance the head in the sleeve. Stn. Enfold. Disguise. Conceal. En- velope. Akt. Unmuffle. Unfold. Exhibit. Re- veal. Muggy, adj. Prov. Eng. mug, fog. Stn. Foggy. Misty. Danli. Damp. Murky. Dim. Vaporous. Ant. Clear. Bright. Vapourless. Mulct, n. Lat. midcter. Stn. Amercement. Damages. Forfeiture. Penalty. Ant. Guerdon. Douceur. Bonus. Re- ward. Premium. Multifarious, adj. Multus, many, and for,fari, to speak. Of many descriptions. Stn. Various. Varied. Multigenous. Multitudinous. Multifold. Manifold. JVlul- tiform. Ant. Single. Uniform. Unvaried. Un- varying. Few. Multifold, adj. See Multi- farious. Multiform, adj. Mult m^ many, and forrna^ a shape^ Set Multifarious. Sy)ionyms and Antonyms, 269 MULTIPUCATION, «. MultuS, ftbany^ and pZicare, to fold. SvN. I'lurality, Multiplicity. Multi- tudinousness. MultU'ariuusness. Multi- tude. Repetition. Reiteration. Reproduc- tion. Augmentation. Swarming. Teem- fDg. Ant. Singularity. Unity, Scantiness. Rarity, Diminution. Extinction. MtJLTisoNODS, adj. MultuSj 'iiany, and sonus, a sound, Stn. Many-voiced. Tuneful. Ant. Unisonous, Monotonuus. Droning. Multitude, n. Lat. multitudo, midtus, a collection of wmiy. Syn. Crowd. Swarm. Throng. Accu- aiulation. Concourse, Number. Ant. Paucity. Scaniine&s. Sprinkling. Multitudinous, adj. See Multitude and Multifarious. JiIuMMERY, n. Dutch, momj a mask. SvN, Antics. Masquerade. Vagary, BulToi>iiery, /\KT. Pageant. Procession. Exhibition. Mundane, adj. Lat. mundus^ • the world. Stn, Worldly. Secular. Temporal Earthly. Akt, Unworldly. Spiritual. Heavenly. Etliereul. Supramundane. Munificent, adj. Munusj a giftjfacerej to make. Syn. Liberal. Princely, AiiT. Niggardly. Beggarly. Murky, adj. See Muggy, Murmur, n. Lat. murmur, Syn. Undertone. Whisper. Mutter. Grnmble. Complaint, Ant. Clamoiir, Vociferation. Bawling, Outcry. DeSaiice. Execration. Salutation. Acclamation. Murmuring. See Murmur. Muscular. Muscle. Syn. Powerful. Brawny. Robust. Sinewy. Ant. Debile. Flabby. Feeble. Lanky Muse, v, int. A shorter form of amuse. Stn. Reflect Ponder, Cogitate. Dream. Ant, Slit. Act. Move. Musical, adj. Music. Gr. novaiKTfj the art of music. SiTN. Melodious. Harmonious. Dnlcet, Concordant. Ant. Unmelodious. Inbarmon'ious. Harsh, Discordant. Muster. Old Eng. Syn. Marshal. Collect. Assemble. Rally. Enroll. Ant. Dismiss. Disperse. Relegate. Re- mit. Disband, Musty, adj. Must, unfer- mented wine. Having the smell of wine in an old cask. Syn, Fusty. Rank. Mouldy. Frowzy Ant. Fragrant. Fresh. Balmy. Aro- matic. Odorous. Mutable, adj, Lat. mutdbilis, mntare, to change. Syn. Changeable. Changeful. Mobile Transient. Ephemeral. Ant, Unchanging. Permanent. Im- mutable. Persistent. Changeless. Mutation, n. See Mutable and Change. Mute, adj. Lat. mutus, Syn, Silent. Speechless. Dumb. Taci- turn, Voiceless, Still. Death-like. Ant. Chattering, Talkative, Garrulous. Loquacious. Vocal. Tuneful. Loud, Mutilate, v. tr. Lat. muti' lare. See Maim. Mutter, v. tr. and mt. Prov. Germ. mutteTU. Syn. Murmur, Mumble. Ant. Enunciate. I'ixclaim. Pronounce. Vociferate. Mutual, adj. Lat. mutuv^. Syn. Reciprocal, Common. Inter- changeable, Ant. One-sided. Ijnreciprocated. Un- mutual. Muzzle, v. tr. Fr. museau. Syn. Silence. Burke. Restrain. Gag, Stop. Ant. Release. Liberate. Open. Un- muzzle. Free. Mysterious, adj. Mystery. Gr. fJLvaTrjpiov. Syn. Dim. Obscure, Unrevealed. Un- explained. Unaccountable. Reserved, Veiled. A^T. Clear. Plain. Obvious. Explained Understoud. Eiu>y. Expli>inuble. Simple* Frank. Communicative. 270 Synonyms and Antonyim, Mystery, n. See Mysterious. Syn. Enigma. Puzzle. Obscurity. Se- crecy. Veil. Shroud. Arcanum. AtT. Publication. Solution. Common- place. Truism. Matter-of-fact, Mystic, Gr. ixvo-tlkos. Syn. Mysterious. Cabalistic, Magical, Ant. Plain. Matter-of-fact. Every, day. Familiar. Commonplace. Obvious. House- hold. Mystify, v. tr. See Mystic. Stn. Confuse. Bamboozle. Hoodwink. Puzzle. Confound. Mislead. Obfuscate. Ant. Illumine. Enlighten. Inform. Guide. Myth, n. Gr. fivdos, a fable, or veiled truth. Syn. Fable. Legend, Supposition, Fabri- cation. Ant. Fact History. Narrative. Mythological, adj. fiv9os, a fable, and X6yo9^ an account. See Myth. N. Nacreous, adj. Fr. nacrey mother of pearl. See Iridescent. Naked, adj. Sax. nacod. Syn. Nude. Bare. Unclothed. tJn- draped. Defenceless. Destitute. Unquali- Sed. Uncoloured, Unvarnished. Mere. Simple. Ant. Dressed. Robed. Draped. Muffled. Protected. Qualified. Dressed. Veiled. Shrouded, Coloured. Varnished. Name, n. Lat. nomen, a name. Sax. nama, Gr. ovofia. Syn. Designation. Cognomcnation. Ap- pellation. Title. Fame. Reputation. Au- thority. Appointment. Stea!d. Represen- tation. Ant. Namelessness. Anonymousness. Misnomer. Pseudonym. Obscurity. In- gloriousness. Disrepute. Individuality. Person. Name, v. See noun, Syn. Specify. Designate. Call. Indi- cate. Ant. Misname. Miscall. Misdesignate. Misindicate. Hint. Suggest. Shadow. Adumbrate. Narrate, v. tr. Lat. narrare. Syn. Recite. Tell. Report, Detail. Ajtt. Si^^press. ConceoL Blink. Mis- report. Misrepresent Misrelftte. Mto state. Narration, w.. Narrator, n. See Narrate. Narrow, adj. A. S. nearu. Conn, with Near. Syn. Straight. Straightened. Slendec- Thin. Spare. Contracted, Limited. Crampec Pinched. Scant. Close. Scnitiniz.ng. Near. Bigoted. Niggardly. Tight. Ant. Wide. Broad. Ample. Thick. Expanded. Easy. Liberal. Nascent, adj. Nasct, to be born or grow. Stn. Youthful. Rising. Green. In- cipieut. Embryo. EudimentaL Budding. Ant. Mature. Aged. Conflrmed. Dft- veloped. Grown. Nasty, adj. Prov. Eng. n^t, meaning dirt. Syn. Foul. Offensive. Odious. Dis- agreeable. Indelicate. Ant. Nice. Pleasant. Sweet. Savoury Agreeable. Pure. Native, adj. Lat. nativu^, nascij n/xtus, to be bmn. Syn. Indigenous. Home. Exported Artless. Natural. Proper. Suitable. Con- genital. Ant. Foreign. Imported. Exotic Alien. Artificial Acquired. Assumed. Affected. Natural, adj. Lat. natura, nature. Syn, Intrinsic. Essential. Regular. Normal CosmicaL True. Probable. Con- sistent. Spontaneous. Artless. Ant. Ascititious. Adventitious. Ab- normal. Monstrous. Unnatural. Fici i- tious. Improbable. Unsupposable. Forced. Artful. Affected. Nature, n. Lat. natura. Syn. Essence. Creation. ConitUution. Structure. Disposition. Truth. Regularity, Kind. Sort Character. Specie. Affec- tion. Naturalness. Ant, Thing. Object Subject Man. Being. Creature. Monstrosity, Unnatural- uess. Art Fiction. Romance. Invention. Naught, n. Sax. Neg. of aught for anywhat. Syn. Nothing. Ant. Aught Anything. Everything, Naughty, adj. See Naught. As in kindred words the forma- Synonyms and Antonyms. 271 Hon of worth or good implies actual evil. SrN. Worthless. Vile. Corrupt. Bad. Froward. Xvv, Wortliy. Good. Precious. Pure. Docile. Tractable. Wel.-behaved. Nausea, n. Gr. vavs, u, ship. Sea-sickness ; hence generally a feeling of loathing. Syn. Loalhing. Disgust. Abomination. Ant. Taste. Relish. £qjoyment. Nautical, adj. See Nausea and Marine. Near, ndj. Sax. neara, nigher. Syn. Nigh. Close. Adjacent. Neigh- bouring. (Sometimes used in the sense of Parsimonious.) Ant. Far. Distant. Bemote. Neaely, adv. See Near. SrN. Almost. Closely. Approximately. Ant. Quite. Entirely. Distantly. Re- motely. Necessakt, adj. Lat. neces- sarius. Stn. Certain. Inevitable. Indispensable. Requisite. Essential. Compulsory. Ant. Contingent, Casual. Optional. DiscretionaL Unnecessary. Unessential. Free. Nbcessitt, n. Lat. necessitas. SvN. Indispensableness. Inevitableness. Need. Indigence. Requirement. Want. Fate. Destiny. Ant. Dispensableness. Uncertainty. Superiiuity. Uselessness. Competence. Affluence. Casualty. Contingency. Free- dom. Choice. Need, n. Sax. nead. See Necessity. Needful, adj. See Need and Needless, adj. See Need. Syn. Unnecessary. Useless. Super- fluous. Gratuitous. Ant. Needful. UsefliL HelpfnL Obli- gatory. Nefabioub, adj'. Lat. ne/as, wickedness. See Atrocious. Negation, n. Lat. negare, to deny. See Assert. Negative, adj'. See Negation. Syk. Denying. FriratlTe. Disclaiming, Indirect. Ant. Assertive. Attributive. Positive, Direct. Neglect, V. tr. Lat. negligere, from ne, for not, and legere, to pick up or gather. Syn. Slight. Overlook. Omit. Disre- gard. Disesteem. Despise. Contemn. Ant. Consider. Respect. Notice. Ob- serve. Regard. Esteem. Tend. Attend. Foster. Study. Neglect, n. See verb. Negotiate, v. tr. and int. Lat. neyotium, a matter of business. Syit. Transact. Effect. Pass. Perform. Ant. Mismanage. Misconduct Quasli. Stop. Neighbourly, adj. Neigh- bour, Nigh boor, one who dwells in the country near to another. See Sociable. Nerve, n. Lat. nervus. See Courage, Nervous, adj. See Nerve. Means both having nerve, that is, strength or vigour, especially as apphed to style of writing or speaking, and possessing weak- ness of nerves, that is, timid. See Vigorous and Timid, Nettle, v. Sax, 7ietele, from the plant so named. See In- cense. Neutral, adj. Lat, neuter, neither. Keeping aloof in feeling and action from two contending parties or two opposite opinions; also sometimes used in the sense of not belonging to either of two classes. Syn. Uninterfering. Impartial. Indif- ferent. Negative. Unavowed. Ant. Partial. Interested. Interfenug. Active. Positive. Declared. Avowed. Neutrality, n. See Neutral. Neutralize, v. tr. See Neu- tral, To destroy the agency of 272 Synmiyms and Antonyms. opposed properties, qualities, or forces. Syn. CounteTact. Compensate. Counter- balance. Counterpoise. Countervail. Ant. Aggravate. Enhance. Intenaify. New, adf. Lat. novtis. SvN. Novel. Recent. Fresh. Modem. Ant. Old. Ancient. Antique. Anti- quated. Obsolete. Newfangled, adj. Sax. /an- grn, to take, anfang, an under- taking. Used in a depreciatory way. Si'N. Upstart. New-light. Innovating. Strange. Odd. Fantastic. Novel. Ant. Venerable, 'rime-honoured. Es- tablished. Ancient. Old. Old-fashioned. Nibble, v. tr. Nib. Some- thing small and pointed ; to bite, as fish. Used metaphorically. Stk. Carp. Cavil. Peck. Object. De- mur, Ant, Accept. Eulogize, Command. KndoiHe. Allow. Nice, adj. Lat. nescius, igno- rant. A nice man at the first was one simple and ignorant of the world's ways; he abstained from siUiness and ignorance, or knowing too little; afterwards from fastidiousness, as knowing too much. It has also been trans- ferred to express that quality about which we should be apt to be nice. Syn. Fastidious. Scrupulous. Accurate. Neat. Discerning. Dainty. Pleafiant. Agreeable. Exact. Fine. Finished. Ant. Coarse. Unscrupulous, Inaccurate. Rude. Rough. Undiscrimiuatmg. Nasty. Nauseous. DlBagreeabie. Nicety, re. See Nice. Niggard, re. Scandin. See Miser. Niggardly, adj. See Liberal. Nimble, adj. Sax. nemol, ca- pable, from nimiin, tn etch. The word has abandoned the mental for the physical idea of capacity. ike Agile. Nobility, n. Lat. nohiUs. K\y plicable to birth and character. Syn. Distinction Dignity. Rank, Peerage, Lordship. Loftiness. Generosity. Ant. Obscurity. Meanness. Common- alty. Serfdom. Paltriness. Contemptible- ness. Piebeianiam. Noble, adj. See Nobility. Syn. Grand. Aristocratic. Generous, Honourable. Fine. Ant. Mean. Plebeian. Ignoble. Paltry. Nobody, re. See Cipher. Nocturnal, adj. Nocturnus, nor, night. Syn. Nightly. Dark. Gloomy. Tene- brose. Ant. Diurnal. Light. Brilliant. Solar NoDOBiTY, n. Lat. nodus, a Tatot or lump. Stn. Protuberance. Protuberousnes*. Knottiness. Tuberosity. Luinpiiiess. Ant. Planeness. P>enness. Smooth- ness. Polish. Levigation. Noise, re. Lat. nocere, to hurt. Has almost, though not entirely, retained its original meaning of a noxious or disagrefeable sound, of the human voice or otherwise. Stn. Sound. Clamour. Rattle. Din. Ant. Note. Voice. Music. Melotly Silence. Stillness. Voicelessness. Hush. Noiseless, adj. See Noise and SUent. Noisome, adj. Old Fr. noisir, from Lat. nocere, to hurt. Syn. Hurtful Harmful Nocuous. Pestilential. Ant. Wholesome. Salutary. Salu brious. Beneficial. Noisy, adj. See Noise. Syn. Loud. Clamorous. Stunnine. Ant. Still. Soft, inaudible. Whisper- ing. Soothing. Musical. Melodious. Har- monious. Tuneful. Subdued. Gentle. Nomad, adj. Gr. vojias, from vofios, a pasture, from vefiai, to tend. Syn. Pastoral. Vagrant. Arab. Scythialu Roving. Migratory Ant. Fixed. Unwanderlng. Agricul- tural. UnroTing. Urban. Nominal, adj. Lat. wmien, a Synonyms and Antonyms. 273 name. Pertaming to a name, or existing only in name. The latter is the ordinary meaning in parlance. Sth. Trifling, SupposUions. OsteDSible. Professed. Pretended. Fonnal. Aht. Real. Deep. Serious. Important. Grave. SubstantiaL Actual. Intrinsic. Veiitable. EssentiaL NoMDJATB, V. tr. See Nominal. To specify or appoint by name. Syn. Name. Specify. Appoint, Indi- vidualize. DeQne. Invest. Present. Ant, Suggest, Indicate. Conjecture. Describe. Recal. Deprive. Cancel. With- draw. IJivert. NoNBBNSK, n. Lat. non, and sensus, sense. Sra. Absurdity. Trash. Folly. Pre- tence. Jest. Ant. Sense. Wisdom. Truth. Fact. Gravity. Philosophy. Science. Reason. Nobual, adj. Lat. norma, a rtde. Syn. Regular. Typical. UsuaL Re- cognized. Ntitural. Ordinary. Ant. Abnormal. Irregular. Unnatural. Exceptional. Monstrous. Notable, adj. Lat. notabilis, nature, nota, to note. See Be- markable. NoTiOK, n. Lat. notitia. See Notable. SxN. Observation. Cognizance. Heed. Advice. N&ws. Consideration. Visitation. Mark. Not& AnT. Oversight. Disregard. Misinfor- mation, Mistidings. Neglect. Slight. Connivance. Ignorance. Incognizauce. Heedlessness. Amnesty. Omission. Notify, v. tr. Notus, known, and /acere, to make. Used of the subject and the person; when the latter the prep, of is used — to notify a person of a fact. Syn. Intimate. Declare, Announce. Ant. Suppress. Withhold. Conceal. Si isreport. Notion, n. Lat. notio. A conception, strictly of something abstract, as, an idea of something visible ; so, an idea of a man, a notion of humanity. This is not strictly enough adhered to in parlance. Syn, Apprehension. Idea. Conception. Judgment. Opinion. Belief. Expectation, Ant, Misapprehension. Misconception Misbelief, Mi^judgment. Frustration. Falsi- fication, NoTOEiBTT. n. Lat. notorius, from notus. Syn. Publicity. Vogue. Repute. Cele- brity. Knowledge. Certainty. Ant, Privacy. Secrecy. Concealment, Obscurity. Mystery. Suspicion. Rumour Whisper. Notorious, adj. See Noto- riety. Syn. Known. Undisputed. Recognized. Allowed, Ant, Suspected. Reported. Reputed, Nourish, v. tr. Fr. nourrir, Lat. nutrire. Syk. Nurture, Feed. Foster. Cherish. Nurse, Tend, Ant. Starve. Blight. Destroy. Kill, Wither, Nourishment, n. See Nou- rishment and Aliment. NoVBL, adj. NoveUus, from novus, new. See New-fangled. Novice, n. Lat. novitius, from novus, new. See Tyro. Noxious, adj. Noxius, from noxa, harm. See Noisome. Nudity, n. Lat. nuditas, nudns, naked. Syit. Nakedness. Bareness. Exposure, A21T. Clothing. Drapery. Investment, Dress, Nugatory, adj. Lat. nugce, trifles. Syn. Trifling. Vain. Inoperative. In- effectual, Ant. Grave. Serious, Important. Po- tent, Efficacious. Momentous. Successful. Satisfactory. Nuisance, «. Lat. nocere, to hurt or be obnoxious. Syn. Offence. Annoyance. Plague. Trouble. Aht. Gratification. Blessing. Pleasure. Delight Benefit, Nullify, v. tr. NvJlus, none. 274 Synonyms and Antonyms. and /acere, to make. To make of no eflfect, or to cause that none shall be affected. Stn. Abrogate. Neutralize. Cancel. Abolish. Extinguish. Ant. Confirm. Perpetuate. Re-enatt. Stabilitate. Establish. Cherish. NuMBBB, V. tr. Lat. nume- rare. See Count. NuMBKELKSS, adj. See Num- ber. Stn. Countless. Innumerable. Infi- nite. Amt. Few. Scarce. Rare. Ntjmbnbss, n. Old Eng. numb, Sax. niman, to take or seize. The inability, through cold, to take hold -with the fingers, implying insensibility. Used metaphori- cally of moral considerations. Stts. Hebetude. Callousness. Insensi- bility. Aht. Acuteness. Sensibility. Liveli- ness. Sensitiveness. Numerous, adj. Lat. nume- rus, a number. See Many. NuEBE, V. See Nourish. Nursery, n. See Nurse. Stn. Seed-plot. Seminary. Plantation. School. Akt. World. Life. Education. Pro- fession. Nurture, v. See Nourish. NUTEIMBNT, n. See Nurture. Stn. Aliment. Food. Sustenance. Nou- rishment. Replenishment. Sustentation. Akt. Starvation. Languishment. De- cay. Inanition. Exhaustion. Poison. De- triment. Nutrition, n. The process of imparting nourishment. See . utriment. Stn. Alimentation. Sustentation. Feed- ing. Ant. Exhaustion. Starvation. Inani- tion. o. Oaf, n. Apparently connected with auf and elf, meaning fairy. A foolish babe left by a ftuiy as a changeling. See Booby. Lat db and Obdueatk, adj. durus, hard. Stn. Hardened. Obstinate. Stubborn. Impenitent. Reprobate. Ant. Softened. Flexible. Tender. Teachable. Yielding. Penitent. Docile. Amenable. Obedience, n. Lat. dbedien- tia, obrdire, to obey. Stn. Submission. Compliance. Snbser- vlence. Submission. Ant. Resistance. Rel)eUlon. Violatioii. Transgression. Antagonism. Disobedience. Obedient, adj. See Obedience. Obesity, n. Ohedere, dbesus, to eat away. Eeflexively, the re- sult of continual eating. See Fat. Obey, v. tr. See Obedience. Object, n. Objicere, objectus. Something cast or projected so as to be a matter of observation or design. Stn. Appearance. Sight Design. End. Aim. Ant. Idea. Notion. Conception. Famy. Sutgect. Proposal. Purpose. Effort Objective, adj. See Object. Stn. Extrinsic. Concrete. External. Ant. Intrinsic. Abstract. Notional. Subjective. Objurgate, v. tr. and int. Lat. objurgare, Jurgare, to quarrel or scold. To remonstrate con- tumeliously. See Scold. Oblation, n. Lat. offerre, 06- to offer. Stn. Offering. Presentment Gift. Ant. Spoliation. Sacrilege. "WithhoSd- ing. Resumption. Refusal. Negatioa Obligation, n. Obligare, to hind. Stn. Duty. Necessity. Compulsion. Contract. Bond. Covenant Behoof. Ant. Promise. Vl'ord. Choice. Free- dom. Assurance. Declaration. Intention Exemption. Oblige, v. tr. See Obhgation. Has the two senses of exercisiEg compulsion and of placing under the moral force of gratitude. Synonyms and Antonyms. 275 Stw. Oompel, Coerce. Necessitate. Force. BenefiL Favour. Accommodale. Gratify. Ant. Release. Acqtiit Induce. Per- tuade. Annoy. Disobl^e. Obliging, adj\ See Obliga- tion. Stk. Kind. Considerate. Compliant. Complaisant. Accommodating. Ant. Discourteous. Rude. Cross- grained. Perverse. Unaccommodating Disobli^ng. Oblique, adj\ Lat. dbliguus, Syk. Divei^ent DiagonaL LateraL Angular. Am?. Straight Rectilineal. Forward. Obijtkratk, V. tr. Oh and litera, a letter. See Efface. Oblivion, n. Lat. oblivio, oh- livfscij to/orgef, Sys. Foi^tfulness. Disremembrance. Am*. Remembrance. Recollection. Me- moiy. Reminiscence. Commemoration. Celebration. Obloquy, w. Lat. dbloqui, to speak against, Snr. Censure. Blame. Defamation. Contumely. Reproach. Akt. Praise. Panegyric. Acclamation. Encomium. Obmutescknoe, n. Oh and mtdus, dumb. Dtunbness from stupidity or amazement. S¥ir. Dumbness. Bewilderment Amaze- ment Ant. Eloquence. Self-possession. Self- assertion. £ffit>ntery. Obnoxious, adj. Oh and noxius, hurtful. Eeflexively used also of persons amenable to some unfavourable influence. Syv. Odious. DetrimentaL Perni- cious. Amenable. Liable. Ant. Pleasant GratefoL ^Vholesome. Salutary. BeneficiaL Unamenable. In- fcpeadent Exempt Obscene, adf. Lat. ohscenics. Sys. Impure. Immodest Indecent Ayr, Pure. Modest Decent Obsoube, adj. Lat. ohscurus. Used literally and metapho- rically. Sws. Dark. Dim. Lowering. Indi9> tinct Enigmatical. UncerlaiE„ Doubtful. Uiuacertalned. HomUe. Meac Ant. Bright Luminous. Distinct Lu- cid. Plain. Plain-spoken. Intelligible. Unambiguous. Ascertained. Eminent. Prominent, Obsequious, adj. Ohaequium^ ohseym. A ready following upon the known or expressed will of another, with a tendency to ex- cess. Stn. SubmissiTe. Servile. Deferential Cringing. Sycophantic. Flattering. AsT. InsubmJssive. Independent. Arro- gant Self-assertive. Impudent Observance, n. Lat. o6ser- vantia Stn. Attention. Fulfilment Respect Celebration. Performance. Ceremony. Cus- tom. Form. Rule. Aut. luobsfrvance. Inattention. Breach. Disrespect Disregard. Desuetude. Disuse. Non-performance. Informality, Uucere moniousness. Omission. Observant, adj. Lat ohser- vare, to observe, Sts. RegardftiL Attentive. Mindful Obedient Ant. DisregardfuL Neglectful, Un- mindful. Disobedient Heedless. Observation, n. See Observ- ance. Stn. Contemplation. Study, Remark. Attention. Notice. Comment Aht. Disregard. Oversight. Inadvert- ence. Inattention. Silence. Ignorance. Obsolete, adj. Lat. ob and solere, to be accustOTned. Stn. Antiquated. Past Effete. Dis- used. Archaic Ant. Fashionable. Modem. Current Customary. Operati ve. Extant Obstacle, n. Lat. obstare^ to stand in the way. Stn. Impediment Obstruction. Hin- drance. Objection. Bar. Ant. Course. Proceeding. Career. Ad- vancement Obstinate, adj, Lat. ohsti- nare (a form of obstare^ to stand in the way)^ to persist in. Sin. Headstrong. Stubborn. Refrat.- tory. Self-willed. Pertinaci lus. Obdurate. Ant. Amenable. Complaisant Yielding. Docile, Ductile. Characterless. Irresolute. Wavering. Obstinacy, n. See Obstinate.. 276 Synonyms and Antonyms, db Im- Facilitate. Promote. Obstrbpekous, adj. Lat and strepere, to make a noise. Stn. Noisy. Uproarious. Clamorous. Rattling. Ant. SnMuel. Qaiet. Noiseless. In- oostreperous. Obstruct, v. tr. Obstruere, structus. To lay down or build Botnething against, or in the way of another. Applied to persons and proceedings. Sys. Bar. Block. Choke. Hinder, pede. Ant. Open. Clear. Pave. Expedite. Further. Advance, Accelerate. Aid. Obstbtjotion, n. See Obstruct. Obtain, v. tr. Lat. obtinere. See Acquire. Obtestation, n. Testari, to Mil upon solemnly, and, as it were, before witnesses. SrN. Entreaty. Supplication. A(^uration. Ant, Abjuration. Deprecation. Defiance, Obtbttdb, act. and neut. Ob- trudere, to thrust forward. Syn, Force, Thrust, Interfere, Intrude, Ant, Suggest, Insinuate, Retire, With- Iraw. Obtuse, adj. Lat. dbtundere, lusus, to blunt the end of a thing ; to deprive it of point or sharpness. Sra. Dull, Stupid, Unintelligent Stolid, Ant. Acute. Clever. Intelligent. Quiclz. Sharp. Obumbbatb, v. umbra, a shade. shade, or darken. Syn. Shade. Overshadow. Darken. Ant. Lighten, Illumine. Elucidate. Obyebsb, adj. Obversus, ver- tere, to turn. Turned towards the spectator. Stn. Opposite, Facing. Ant, Hinder. Reverse. 'Obviate, v. tr. Ob and via, a ■mmt. To lay down something in the road by way of opposition, and so intercept Bee Prevent. tr. To Ob and throw a Obvious, adj. See Obviate. Standing, as it were, in the middle of the road. Stn. Plain, Self-evident, Manifest. Explicit, Apparent. Ant. Remote. Obscure. Far-fetched. Involved. Latent. OOOASION, n. Lat. occasio, a befalling, db and cadere, casus, to fall. Stn. Cfmjuncture. Opportunity. Occur- rence. Cause, Ant, Untimeliness, Unseasonablenesa Frustratioa, See Oo- OOOASIONALLY, adv. casion. Stn. Sometimes. Casually. Ant. Always. Regularly. Frequently. OoouLT, adj. Lat. occulere, to cover up. Stn, Latent, Hidden, Mysterious, Secret. Ant. Developed. Plain. Patent. Clear, Familiar. Exposed. Open. Occupancy, n. Occupare, to Enjoyment Tenure. Rarely. Constantly oceuUus, Unrevealed. occupy. Stn. Possession. Ant. Flection. Eviction. alon. Disposses- Occupant, n. See Occupancy. Stn. Owner. Resident Proprietor. Tenant Ant. Foreigner. Stranger. Visitor. In- truder. Usurper. Occupation, n. See Occu- pancy. Syn. Employment Avocation. Pas- time. Possession. Usurpation. Encroach- ment. Ant, Idleness. Vacancy. Leisure, Abandonment Vacation. Resignallon. Ocoupikb, n. See Occupant. Occur, v. int. Occurrere, to run counter, or confront in the course of things. Stn. Befall. Happen, Betide, Supervene, Ant. Pass. Threaten. Impend. OouLAB, adj. Lat. oculus, the eye. Of the eyesight. Syn. Visible. Demonstrable, Palpabla Ant, Interential, Auricular, Hearsay Circumstantial, Deductive, Constructive. Synonyms and Antonyms. 277 Odd, adj. Swedish and Welsh. Stk. Alone. Sole. Unmatched. Re- maining. Over. Fra^menta^- Uneven. Bingular. Peculiar. Queer. Quaint. Fan- tastical. Ant. Aggregate. Gonsociate. Matched. Balano^. Squared. Integrant. Even. Gommon. Usual. Regular. Normal. Odious, adj. Odium, hatred, SvK. UatefuL Offensive. Detestable. Abominable. Ant. Delectable. GratefoL Accept- able. Pleasant. Odium, n, Lat. Stn. Hatred. Offensiveness. Dislike. Invidiousness. Jealousy. Unpopularity. Grudge. Ant. Love. Tastefulness. Acceptable- ness. Popularity. Ungrudgingness. Wel- come. Offal, n. Off and fell. See Cream. Offend, «. tr, and int Lat. offendere. Stn. Displease. Affront. Err. Fall. Ant. Conciliate. Gratif;y. Please. Offence, n. See Offend. Stn. Attack. Transgression. Crime. Misdemeanour. Ant. Defence. Innocence. G-uiltlessneso. Offensive, adf. See Offend. Stn. Aggressive. Obnoxious. Distaste- ful. Displeasing. Foul. Fetid. Un- savoury. Ant. Defensive. Grateful. Pleasant. Savoury. Offer, v. tr, Lat. qfferre. Stn. Propose. Exhibit. JProffer. Pre- sent, 'renler. AST. Withhold. Withdraw. Retract. Retain. Alienate. Divert. Offering, n. See Offer and Oblation. Office, n, Lat. officiuw., Stn. Service. Duty. Appointment. Function. Ant. Leisure. Vacancy. Resignation. Sinecure. Officer, n. See Office. One who holds an office. Stn. Official. Functionary. Conductor. Director. Administrator. Manager. Ant. Member. Servant. Private. Sine- cnrist. OFFICIAL, n. See Officer. Official, adf. See Officer. Appertaining to office. Stn. Administrative. Authoritative. Negotiative. Functional. Professional. Ant. Private, UnofBcial. Unprofes- Opfioiate, v. int. See Officer. Stn. Act. Serve. Perfonn. Ant. Retire. Witness, Officious, a<^\ See Officer. Over-ready to undertake an office. Stn. Meddling^ Interfering. Pushing. Forward. Intrusive. Ant. Backward. N^ligent. Remiss. Unofficiou^. Retiring. Modest. Back- ward. Often, adj. Sax, oft. Stn. Frequently. R^jeatcdly. Ant. Infrequently. Seldom, Old, adj. Sax. old. Stn. Aged. Pristine. Long-standing. Ancient. Preceding, Antiquated. Obso- lete, Akt. Youthful. Young. Recent. Fresh. Modem. Subsequent. New*fasbioned. Current. Oleaginous, adj. Lat. olea, the olive. Stn. Oily. Unctuous. Pinguetudinous. Ant. Harsh, Dry. Sour. Acid. Mois- tureless. Ominous, adj. Lat. omen. Now used only in the unfavour- able sense. Stn. Portentous. Suggestive. Threat- ening. Foreboding. Itemonitory. Unpro- pitious. Ant. Auspicious. Propitiona Encou- raging. Omission, n. Lat. omittfre, to leave out. Used both of the act of omitting and the thing omitted. Stn. Oversight Exclusion. Ant. Attention. Insertion. Notice. Oneness, n. Lat. one, unus. See Unity. Onerous, adj. Lat. onus, erie^ a burden. Stn. Burdensopae. Toilsome. Heavy, Responsible. Oppreseive. Labcrtoni. Ope- rose. Ant. Light. £a^ 1 rivlal. Inop pressive. 278 0nsb7, n. On and set. sedere. See Attack. Onslaught, n. Sax. onslagan, to dash upon. See Onset. Onwabd, adv. and adj. On and ward, the termination of direction. Sys. Forward. Ahead. Ant. Backward. Astern. Aback. OozK, V. int. Sax. wos, juice, Sjtn. Distil. Drop. Drip. Percolate. Pt'rspire. Sweat, Diain. Leak. Ant. Pour. Rush. Flow. Stream. Dii?gorge. Opaque, adj. Lat, See Transparent. Open, v, act, and Tieut. Sax. Synonyms and Antonyms, Lat. opacus. Syn. Unclose. Lay open. Lay bare. Expose. Explain. Disdt^e. Initiate. Be- gin. Commence. Amt. Close. Shut up. Cover. ConceaL Inclose. Mystify. Misinterpret. Conclude. Open, adj. See Open, verb. Syk. Accessible. Free. Available. Un- closed. Candid. Frank. Ingenuous. Un- settled. Undetermi ned. Airr. Inaccessible. Closed. Barred. Unavailable. Shut. Close. Secretive. Reserved. Settled. Determined. Opening, w. -S'ee Open, verb. Syn. Aperture. Gap. Opportunity. Space. Commencement. Initiation. Start. Inauguration. Ant. Occlusion. Obstruction. Stop- gap. Unreasonableness. Contretemps. In- opportunenesi. Enclosure. Termination. Close. Knd. Conclusion. Operate, v. act. and neut. Operari, opus, to work. Sra. Act. Work. Produce. Effect. Akt. Cease. Rest. Fail. Mlsoperate. Operation, n. See Operate. Stn. Agency. Action, Exercise. Pro- duction. Influence. Ant. Cessation. Inaction. Rest. In- operativeness. IneflBcacy. Inefficiency. Misoperation, Operative, adj. See Operate. Syn. Active. Efficacious. Akt. Inefficacious. Inoperative. Opebosb, adj. Operosus, See Operate. Syn. Onerous. Laborious. Burdensomo. 1 eoions. Wearisome. Toilsome. Ant. Light. Unburdensome. SttmtiUt- ing. Refreshing. Opine, v. mt. Lat. opimeri. To think or have an opinion. Stn. Think. Believe. CoDJectnre Suppose. Judge, Surmise, Ant. Know. Ascertain. Verify. Opinion, n. See Opine. Opinionativb, adj. See Opine, Apt to rest too much on one's own opinion. Syn. Dictatorial. Dogmatical. Belf- conceited. Oracular. Ant. Modest, Diffident. Inquiring. Vacillating. Cautions. Undemonstrative. Opponent, adj. Opponere, to place against. See Adversary. Oppoetunb, adj\ Lat. oppor- tunus. Ob and portits, a harbour. As timely as a port in stress of weather. Syn. Timely. Seasonable. Appropriate. Felicitous. Akt. Inopportune. Untimely. Unsea- sonable. Infelicitous. Opportumty, n. See Opjwr- tune. Syn. Occasion. Turn. Opening. Ant. Inopportuneness. Unseasonable- nees. Lapse. Omission. Contretemps. Oppose, o, tr, Lat. opponei'e, "Syn. Withstand. Resist. Match. Ob- struct. Confront. Oppugn. Bar. Hinder. Ant. Aid. Abet. Back. Support. Advance. Expedite. Opposite, adj. See Oppose. Syn. Facing. Adverse. Repngoant Inconsistent. Irreconcileable. Contrary. Contradictory. Ant. Agreeing. Coincident Consen- taneous. Oppress, v. tr, Lat. oppri- mere, pressus. Syn. Burden. Grind. Weigh down. Persecute. Aggrieve. Maltreat. Abuse. Akt. Encourage. Support. PatroniBO. Assist. Be&iend. Oppression, n. See Oppress. Option, n. Lat. optio, optare, to wish or choose. Syn. Discretion. Choice. PrefereiKMi. Deliberation. Synonyms and Antonyms. 279 Ant, Obligation. Necessity. Burden. CoupulBlon. Opulence, n. Lat. opulentia, opes, resovims. Syn. Wealtli. Affluence. Ricbes. Ant. Poverty. Indigence. Impecu- aiofiity. Obacxilab, adj. Lat. oracu- lum. Used of an authoritative way of giving opinions. Stn. See Oiilnlonative. ObaIi, adj. Lat. Os, oris, the mouth. Stn. Unwritten. Traditional. Vocal. AST. Written. Documentary. Oebit, n. Lat. orbita, orhis, an orb. SYir. Revolution. Path. Circuit. Sphere. AST. Eccentricity. Deviation. Pertur- bation. Oedain, v. tr. Ordinare, ordo, to order. Syn. Set. Appoint. Decree. Institute. Establiidi. Akt. Subvert. Revoke. Cancel. Annul. Disestablish. Countermand. OBDEAii.n. Sax. ordcU, Germ. urtheilen, to pass sentence or di- vide judgment. The plunging of the arm into boiling water, and the walking barefoot over hot ploughshares, were the cus- tomary ordeals of England. Sometimes the accused was thrown into deep water. If he escaped unhurt, in the former cases, or sank without effort to swim, in the latter, he was es- teemed innocent. The word is used generally for a severe test. Stk. Test. Trial. Probation. Experiment. Ant. Argument. Plea. Discussion. In- vestigation. Evidence. Oedeb, n, Lat. ordo. Syn. Arrangement. Condition. Se- quence. Direction. Rank. Grade. Ant. Disarrangement. Confusion. Un- ttettlement. Inversion. Execution. Disorder. Oedbelt, adj. See Order. Syk. Regular. Equable. Peaceable. Aut. Irregular. Disorderly. Riotous. Oedinance, n. See Ordain. Syn. Statute. Instltnte. Decree. Ijnr, Ant. Custom. Usage. Prescription. Oedinabt, adj. See Ordain and Usual. Organize, v. tr. Gr. Spyavov, an instrument. To arrange the compound parts of a thing for an ulterior purpose. Syn. Shape. Acljust. Constitute Frame. Ant. Distort. Break up. Annul. Dis- organize. Dismember. Disband. Oeifice, n. Lat. orifieium, os, oris, a mouth. Stn. Aperture. Perforation. Mouth. Bung, Akt. Obstruction. Stopper. Plug. Im- perforation. Oeigin, n. Lat. origo. Stn. Source. Commencement Spring. Cause. Derivation. Ant. TerminatiorL Conclusion. Ex- tinction. Original, adj. See Origin. Syn. Primary. Initiatory. Primordial. Ancient. Former. Ant. Subsequent. Terminal. Modern. Later. Derivative. Obiginate, act. and neut. See Origin. Syn. Commence. Spring. Rise. Start. Initiate. Invent. Ant. Prosecute. Conduct. Apply. Ornament, n. Lat. ornamen- tum. Syn. Decoration. Embellishment. Ant. Disgrace. Brand. Disfigurement. Oenatb, adj. Lat. omatus, omare, to adorn. Stn, Decorated. Embellished. Rich. High-wrought. Ant. Plain. Chaste. Nude. Naked Bare, Bald, Oethodox, adj. Gr. opdfi S6$a,. the right or true opinion. S™. Correct. Sound, True, Ant, Heretical, Unorthodox, Ostensible, adj. Lat. osten- iere, to show. Now used in the sense of avowed, with the implied possibility of the avowed »v case not being the real one. 280 Synonyms and AnionymB. Sts. Avowed. Pretended. Declared. Outward. ProfeBsed. Aht. Keal. Genuine. Concealed. Un- pretended. Actual. Veritable. Ostentation, n. Lat. osten- tare, freq. of ostendere, to show. Syk. Show. Parade. Display. Flou- rish. Aht. Eeserve. Retirement Modesty, Concealmeilit. Unobtrusivenesfl. Quiet. DifBdeuce. OsTRAOISMj TO. Gr. ^(TTpaKOVj a shell or tile, on which the name of the Athenian citizen was written, against whom a vote of banishment was given. Stk. Bunlsbment. Expulsion. Black- ball. AifT. Admittance. Enlistment. Out- voting. Oust, v. tr. Old Fr. osier. Syn. ^ect. Dispossess. Deprive. Evict. Ant. Instal. Beinstate. Readmit. Re- store. Outbreak, «. Out and break. Stn, Outburst. Tumult. Commotion, Insurrection. Rebellion. Ebullition. Ant. Subsidence. Pacification. Quel- ling. Quiet. Order. Cooling. Outcry, n. Out and cry. Stn. Clamour. Tumult. Denunciation. Ant. Acclamation. Plaudit Outlandish, adj. Out and land. Syk. Strange. Queer. Grotesque. Foreign. Ant. Fashionable. Modish. Native. Outline, w. Out and line. SrN. Delineation. Sketch. Contour. Aht. Form. Substance. Figure. Ob- ject. Subject. Field. Ground. Balk. Space. Outrage, w. Not, as would be perhaps supposed, from out and rage, but from a Low Latin word, ultragium, from ultra, be- yond. An act transgressing due bounds. Syn. Outbreak. Offence. Wantonness. Mischiet Abuse. Ebullition. Ant. Moderation. Self-control. Self- reBiraint. Subsidence. Coolness. Calm- ueaa. Outrageous, adj. See Ont* rage. Stk. Excessive. Unwarrantable. Un- justifiable. Wanton. Atrocious. Ne- farious. Ant. Moderate. Justifiable. Reason* able. Outset, n. Out and set. Syn. Openin g. Start. Com m en cement ExordinnL Beginning. Inauguration. Pre- face. Ant. Close. Termination. Conclusion. Peroration. Outshine, v. tr. Out and shine. Syn. Surpass. Eclipse. Overshadow. Ant. Foil. Relieve. Back. Outskirts, n. Out and skirt Syn. Border. Outpost Purlieu. Envi- rons. Precincts. Ant. Interior. Centre. Bulk. Body Mass. Heart. Outspoken, adj. Out and spoken. Stk. Plain. Frank. Unreserved. Can- did. Avi. Mysterious. Enigmatical Re* served. Taciturn. Secretive. Uncom- mnnicative. Outspread, adj. Out and spread. Stk. Expanded, Unfolded. Wrapped. Patent Dtspreitd. Open. Outstretched. Ant. Folded. Contracted. Closed. Furled. Collapsed. Outstanding, adj\ Out and standing. Stn. Unappropriated. Uncollected. Un gathered. Ajxt. Appropriated. Collected. Gathered. Outstep, v. tr. Out and step. Stn. Exceed. Transgress. Outstrip, Outwalk. Ant. Observe. Regard. Accompany. Attend. Outstretched, adj'. Out and stretched. See Outspread. Outstrip, v. tr. Oat and strip. See Strip. Syn. Surpass. Beat Distance. Eclipsei Ant. Follow. Succeed. Outvie, v. tr. Out and vie ^» Vie and Eclipse. Synonyms and Antonyms. 281 OcTWAKD, adj. Out and ward. Sax. Teimination of direction. Syn. External. Apparent. Visible. Sensible. Superficial. Ostensible Forth- ooming. Akt. Internal. Intrinsic. Withdrawn. Inapparent. Inward. OuTWEiSH, V. tr. Out and weigh. See Preponderate. Outwit, v. tr. Out and wit, meaning knowledge. See Cir- cumvent. OuTWOKK, n. Out and work. Stv. Screen, Abattis. Fropugnation. Fortification. Escarpment. Amt. Stand. Position. Ground. Centre. Ovation, n. Ovis, a sheep, granted in sacrifice to the ancient Eoman general who had achieved a victory short of triumphal ho- nours. See Triumph. Overawe, v. tr. Over and awe. See Browbeat. OVEEBALANOE, V. tr. See Bar lance. OvBEBEARiNG, adj. Ovcr and bearing, in the sense of de- meanour. See Arrogance. OvEEOAST, adj. Over and cast (with clouds). Syn. Cloudy. Nubllous. Lowering. Murky. Ant. Cloudless. Clear. Luminous. Azure. OvEECHAEGE, V. tr. See Charge and Exaggerate. Overcome, v. tr. Over and come. See Conquer. OVBEEBTIMATB, V. tr. OvCr and estimate. Lat. cestimare. See Disparage. Overflow, n. Over aiid flow. Lat. fluere. Sth. Redundancy. Exuberance. Super- ■Amndance. Aht. Deficiency. Exhaustion. Subsi- dence. Overlook, v. tr. Over and look. To survey without at- tention or minute observation, and that purposely, especially as regards what is amiss. Stn. Condone. Connive. Disregard. Amt. Visit. Scrutinize. Investigate Mark. Overpower, v. tr. Over and power, from Fr. pouvoir, to he able. See Master. OvERRBAOH, V. tr. See Cir- cumvent. Oversight, n. Over and sight. As to overlook implies a pur- posed, so oversight is an acci- dental disregard. Stf. Error. Omission. Mistake. Slip. AST. Scrutiny. Correction. Emenda- tion. Attention. Mark. Notice. Overt, adj. Fr. ouvert, from the Lat. aperire, to open. Sth. Deliberate. Public Open. Avowed. Ant. Covert. Secret. Implied. Clan- destine. Furtive. OvBETHEOW, V. tr. Over and throw. Applies to matters mar terial and logical. Stn. Destroy. Subvert. Upset Over- turn, EuiD, Demolish, Ant, Restore, Reinstate. Construct. Begenerate. Redintegrate. Revive. Re- edify. Ovbrtueb, n. See Overt. The root meaning of this word is an opening or commencement, as, the first piece or prelude of an opera — the first proceeding or advance between negotiating Stn. Prelude. Advance. Proposal. Offer. Invitation. Lead. Initiation. Ant. Inaction. Undemonstrativeness. Quiescence. OvEETUEN, i>. tr. Over and turn. See Overthrow. Overwhelm, v. tr. Over and Sax. whelm, to cover. Forwelma/a, Stn, Crush, Quell. Extinguish. Drown, Ast. Eaise, Eeinvigorate, Relnstaw. Be-establish. Rescue. Extriuto, 282 Synonyms and Antonyme. Owe. Ang. Sax. agan, to have or possess. Had originally the sense of own, the old English owen. In time, to the idea of possession was added that of responsibility (or the ground and conditions of possession) to some other, by virtue of what we owned or had received. Syn. Borrow. Hypothecate. Attribute. Ant. Requite. Repay. Liquidate. Defray. Own, v. tr. See Owe. To declare one's self the possessor of anything, as, property, an opinion, &c. Stn. Possess. Hold. Acknowledge. Avow. Ant. Alienate. Forfeit. Lose. Dis- claim. Disavow. Disinherit Disown. Ab- jure. Abandon. P. Pabulae, adj. Lat. pabulum, food. Appertaining to, or afford- ing food. Stn. Esculent. Nutritious. Comestible. Alimeutal. Ant. Uneatable. Innutritious. Paoifio. hat. pacificus. Tend- ing to or characterized by peace or peacefulness. Stn. Conciliatory. Mild. Appeasing. CaIoi. Tranquil. Peaceful. Ant. Unconciliatory. Harsh. Quarrel- some. Exasperating. Irritating. Turbu- lent. Noisy. Tumultuous. Warlike. Paoipioation, n. See Pacific. Pacify, v. tr. See Pacific. Applied to feelings and persons. Stn. Appease. Conciliate. Calm. StiU. Quler. Tranquillize. Ant. Exasperate. Agitate. Excite. Irritate. Rouse. Provoke. Pack, v. tr. and hit. Germ. pcicken. To stow, or to admit of being conveniently stowed. Used also in the sense of unfairly collo- cating to bring about a certain end, as, a ' packed meeting.' ■ Stn. Stow., Compact Comprefls. Ant. Unpack. Unsettle. Jumble. Dia. Oonk, Dia. Dissipate. Neutralise. place. Misarrange, Pact, n. Lat. pactum, from pacisci, to make a bargain. Stn. Agreement. Bargain. Covenant Ijeague. Bond. Alliance. Stipulation. Ant. Understanding. Promise. Parole. Honour. P.ffi:AN. Lat. and Gr. Origi- nally a hymn in honour of Apollo, as the healer. A jubilant hymn generally. Stn. Jubilation. Te Devm. AUeluiafa. Akt. Dirge. Miserere. Threnody. Jere- miade. Pagan, •«. Lat. paganns, a villager, remote in early Chris- tian times from the inflaence of Christianity as centred in the cities. Stn. Heathen. Idolater. Gentile. Ant. Believer. Chribtian. Pagan, adj. See noun. Paganism, n. See Pagan. Pageant, n. Lat. pagina, a fixture, scaffold, or archway. Stn. Pomp. Procession. Ceremony. Display. Spectacle. Slipw. Akt. Dream. Illusion. Phantasma- goria. Mockery. Pagbantkt, n. See Pageant. Pain, n. Lat. poena, penalty, mental and bodily. Sin. Penalty. Suffering. Distress. Un- easiness. Grief. (Labour. Effort in the pi. Pains.) Anguisti. Torture. AsT. Reward. Remuneration. Ease. Gratification. Joy. Pleasure. Felicity Relief. Alleviation. Enjoyment Delight Pain, v. tr. See noun. Stn. Hurt Grieve, AtBict Torment Rack. Agonize. Trouble. Torture. Ag- grieve. Annoy. Ant. Gratify. Please. Delight Re- joice. Cbarm. Relieve. Ease. Refresh. Painful, adj. See verb. Painfully, adv. See Pain. PilNT, V. tr. Ijat. pingere. Used literally and metephori> cally. 'Synonyms and Antonyms. 283 Stw. Colour. Tinge. Tint. Portray. Represent. Delineate. Depict. Sketch. Ant. Daub. Caricature. Midportray. Misrepresent Misdeliueate. Misdeplct. Pa LB, adj. Lat, palUdtis, Sra. Pallid. Wan. Faint. Dim. Un- defined. Etiolated. Sallow. Ant. Euddy. High-coloured. Con- spicuous. Deep. Pall, v. tr. and int. Fr. palle. Stk. Blunt. Dispirit Satiate. Cloy. Ant. Quicken. Sharpen, < Inspirit Whet Palliate, v. tr. Lat. palUurrif a cloak. To throw a cloak over, and BO hide. Stn. Cloak. Cover. Conceal. Ex- tenuate. Mitigate. Soften. Ant. Expose. Denounce. Exa^erate. Aggravate. Magnify. Palm. Lat. pcdma. A branch of palm being borne as a symbol of victory or success. Stn. Trophy. Prize. Crown. Laurels. Bays. Akt. Brand. Stigma. Shame. Blot Palmy, adj. See Palm. Stn. Prosperous. Glorious. Distin- guished. Victorious. Flourishing. Ant. Depressed. Inglorious. Undistin- guished. Unfiourishing. Palpable, adj. Lat. palpare, to touch. Stn. Material. Corporeal. Tangible. Obvious. Gross. Perceptible. Ant. Immaterial. Incorporeal. Invisible, ^tlierial. Impalpable. Indistinct. Dubious. Imperceptible, Palpitate, v. int. Lat. pal- pitare, Stn. Throb. Flutter. Beat. Pulsate. Pant. Ant. Pause. Stop. Cease. Palter, v. Germ, palfej a rag. To act in a ragged, i.e., mean or beggarly, way. Stn. Shuffle. Prevaricate. Trifln, Shift. Dodge. Haggle. Ant. Act. Determine. Decide. Paltrt, arfj. See Palter. Stn. Mean. Shabby. Shuffling. Trifling. Pi-evarlcating. Shifty. Contemptible. Piti- able. Vile, Worthless. Beggarly, Trashy, Ant. Noble. Honourable. Cmdid. dn- sck-niious. Determined. Straightforward, Estimable. Admirable. Worthy, Magnifi- cent. Pamper, "' tr. Fr. pampre, Lat. pampinuSj a viner-leaf or branch — the idea being to foster into excessive luxuriance. Stn. Feed. Glut Spoil. Indulge. Cocker. Ant. Harden. Starve. Inure. Stint Discipline. Panegyric, n. Gr. Travrjyv- pLKoSf SC, \6yos. Stn. Eulogy. Encomium. Ant. Stricture. Satire. Sarcasm. Lam- poon. Invective. Philippic. Tirade. Pang, n. Ang. Sax. pyngan, to prick. Stn. Paroxysm. Throe. Agony. Con- vulsion. Smart. Ant. Pleasure, Enjoyment Gratifica* tion. Delight Delectation. Fascination. Refresbmeut Parable, n. Gr. irapa, hy the side, and /SdXXeti', to cast m place. A didactic invention, in whicb things natural are used to illustrate things moral and spiritual. Stn. Apologue. Similitude. Ant. History. Fact. Narrative. Parade, v. tr. It. parare, to adorn. Stn. Vaunt. Flannt. Display. Ant. Suppress. Veil. Conceal. Parade, n. See verb. Stn. Vaunting. Flaunting. Display Pomp. Ostentation. Show. Pageant. Ant. Suppression. Concealment. Mo- desty. Humility. Simplicity. Undemcm- stratlvenesB. Plainness. Retirement. Un- ceremoniousness. Paradise, n. Gr. napabeia-os, a garden. Used metaphorically Stn. Heaven. BUss, Ecstatgr Eden. Amt. Purgatory. Hell. Misery. Tor- ture, Paradox, n. Gr. irapa, be'* side, and do^a, an opinion. A trutb so stated as to seem ab- surd. Stn. Contradiction, Enigma. Mystery Absurdity. Ambiguity. ant, Prerept ft-uposiliou. Axiom Truism. Postulate. 281 Synonyms and Antonyms. Pabadoxioal, adj. See Vaxai- dox. Sra. See Paradox. Ant. Self-evident Axiomatic. Lucid. Obvious. Paeallkl, 0(i/. Grr. wap dXXn- \av. Extending by the side of each other, as lines always keeping the same distance. Used in the general sense of the fol- lowing : — Stn. Correspondent. Congruous. Corre- lative. Analogous. Concurrent. Ant. Different. Opposed. Incongruous. Irrelative. Unaualogous. Divergent Con- trariant. PAEAMotWT, adj. Old Pr. Stn. Superior. Pre-eminent. Chief. Prin- cipal. Ant. Subordinate. Minor. Inferior. Secondary. PababitB, n. Gr. irapa, by the side, and a-iTelv, to feed. One who dines at the expense of an- other, and, to ensure repetitions of the invitation, flatters his host ; hence, generally, a flatterer. Stn. Sycophant. Flatterer. Toady. Courtier. Amt. Detractor. Calumniator. Traducer. Pakdon, J». iT. Eternity. Datelessness. Inimemoria- lity. Infinity. Perpetuity. Jllimilability, Endli>49neB& Indefinlteneaa. Indeterminate- I Pbeiodioal, adj. See TemesL Stk, Stated. Recurrent. Regulal Systematic. Calculable. Aht. Indeterminate. Eccentric. Irregular, Incalculable. Spasmodic, FitfuL Pbeishablb, adj. Fr. p&riss- able. Stk. FraiL Evanescent. Fragile. De- stmctible. FleeUng, Transient, Ephemeral. Impermanent. Ant. Enduring. Lasting, Indestmctible. Imperishable, Persistent, Perpetual Per- manent. Permanent, adj. Lat. per and manere. See Perishable. Peemeablb, adj. Lat. per- meare, to pass through, " ■ * " Pervadiblfc Perco- Penetrable, Stn, lable. Ant. Impenetrable, Impermeable. Permeate, v. int. See Pet^ meable. Permissiblb, adj. Lat. per^ mittere, to permit. Stn. Allowable. Sufferable. Lawful, Ant, Unallowable, Insufferable, Un- lawful. Permission, n. See Per- missible, Stn, Leave, Licence, Dispensation. Allowance, Liberty. Consent. Sufferance, Compliance. Endurance. Akt. Prohibition. Refnsal. Denial Prevention. Hindrance. Resistance, Permit, v. tr. See Permissioii. Permutation, n. Lat. permu- tatio. Stn, Intercbanga. Transference. Trans- position. Akt. Stabilitation. Retention. Fixity. Sequence. Order. Series. Succession. Pernicious, adj. Lat. per- nicies, destruction. Stn. Hurtful. Harmful. Noxious, Dele- tenons. DetiimentaL Uestmctive. Deadly. Injurious. ,«-->/ Ant. Beneficial. ^Vholesome. In ^ouB, Undetrimental. innocent. Salu Perpetrate, v. tr. Latper- petrare. To do, in a bad sense. ^^^N. Commit. Afix Achieva rerfect. Synonyms and Antonyms. 289 Pebi ctual, adj. Lat. per- petuus. Sth. Constant. Unceasing. Endless. Eternal. Everlasting. Unfailing. Peren- nial. Continual. Enduring. Incessant. Aht. Inconstant Periodic. Recurrent. Temporary. Transient. Failing. Ex- tiaustible. Occasional. Momentary. Casual. Pkbphtuatk, V. tr. See Per- petual. Stn. Continue. Stabilitate. Eternize. A^rr. Discontinue. Abolish. Eradicate. Cancel. Disestablish. Break. Peepetuitt, n. See Perpe- tuate. Syn. Constancy. Permanence. Perennity. Persistence. Continuity. Fixity. Ant. Impermanence. Transience. Evan- escence. Discontinuance. Casualty. Mo- mentariness. PebpleXjI). i\eiv, to love, and avBpamos, man. Having humanity, or regard for the well-being of mankind at large. Stn. Humane. Large-hearted. Pablio- epirUed. Ant. Selfish. CynicaL Egotistical. Morose. Misanthropic. Philaiithropy, ra. ySeePhHaa- thropio. Philosophbr, n. See Philo- sophical. SrN. Doctor. Savant. Teacher. Master. Schoolman. Ant. Ignoramus. Sciolist. Freshman. Tyro. Greenhorn. Fool. Booby. Dunce. Phelosophioal, adj. Gr. tj}ik6a-o(l>os, a, lover of wisdom. Of or belonging to the character and life of a philosopher, and also in ooaformity with such views of things as a philosopher might be supposed to take. Sometimes used in the restricted sense of stoically or indifferently enduring. Syn. Wise. Sound. Conclusive. Scien- tific. Accurate, Enlightened. Ant. Unsound. Crude. Vague. Loose. Inaccurate. Popular. Unscientific. Sciolistlc. UuphilosophicaL Pheenst. Gr. 4>PV''> ^^ mind. An excited state of the mind imder the influence of insaniigr, veligion, or poetiy. SrN. Madness. Insanity. Dellricss, Mania. Raving. HallucinaUon. A£Bats^ In&piratioa. Aht. Sanity. Sobriety. Bationalityi Lucidity: Physical, adj. Gr. (ftva-is, nature. Used in the twofold sense of appertaining to visible or material nature, and consonant with the ordinary laws of nature. Syk. Natural. Material. Visible. Tan. gible. Suh.stantial. Amt. Mental. Moral. Intellectual. Spiritual. Immaterial. Invisible. Id> tangible. Unsubstantial. Supernatural, Hyperphysical. Pick, v. tr. Ang. Sax. pycan. Has the sense of peck, with which it is connected; but, more fre- quently, that of seizing for iadi- vidual selection. Syn. Choose. CuU. Select. Gather. Eliminate. Enucleate. Extract. Glean. Ant. R^ect. Discard. Repudiate. Re- legate. Bunch. Grasp. Clutch. Picturesque, adj. Lat. pic- tura, a painting. Having the' components of an attractive figure, attitude, appearance, or landscape. SvN. Comely. Seemly. Graceful. Scenic; Artistic. Pictorial. Graphic. Ant. Unseemly. Uncouth. Rude. Un- picturesque. Beautiless. Flat. Tame; Monotonous. Dead. Pierce, v. tr. Old Pr. perserr. Syn. Perforate. Bore. Drill, Penetrate. Excite. Affect. Rouse. Touch. Move, AsT, Deaden, Quiet. Blunt. Sootha Allay. Lull. Compose. PiBECiNa, adj. See Pierce. PiBTT, n. Lat. pietas. Had in Latin the twofold sense of re- ligion and feeling of natural affection. It is in English re- stricted to the former, except where the classical sense is affected. Syn. Religion. Devotion. Godliness, Holiness, Grace. Ant. Irreligion. Impiety. Ungodlin«sa. Sinfulness. Profanity, Hypocrisy- Fon& flSjRm. Sanctimoniousness. Pharisaism. C it 292 Synonyms and Antonyms. Pile, v. tr. Fr. pile, a loll or mass. Stn. Heap. Accumulate. Gather. Store. Stack. Ant. Demolish. Dissipate. Squander. Scatter. Separate. Disperse. Deal. Dis- tribute. PiLFKB, V. tr. Old Tr. pelfrer. Comp. Pelf. To commit petty- theft, and secretly. Stn. Abstract Peculate. Filch. Pur- loin. Smuggle. Cabbage, Ant. Fllkige. Ransack. Plunder. Rifle. Siwil. PiLliAOK, ii. tr. Fr. piUer, to ' ' -See PUfer. PlUaurD, adj. Lat. pinguidus. See Fat. Piquant, adj. Fr. Having a eharp flavour, or a manner or conversation of a lively and in- teresting character. Stn. Pungent. Sharp. Lively. Racy. Ant. Tame. Dull. Flat. Characterless. Insipid. PiTBora, adj. Deserving of pity. STN. Sad. Miserable. Deplorable. La- mentable. Distressing. Ant. Joyous. Enviable. Comfortable. Pleasant. Desirable. Delectable. Pith, n. Dutch, pit, pith, kernel. Used metaphorically for the vital matter of a subject, as distinguished from what is not mch. Stn. Kernel. Marrow. Gist. Substance. Essence. Cream. Boot. Aht. Surplusage. Surronndiogs. Dress- ing. Verbiage. Pithy, adj. See Pith. Stn. Terse. Laconic. Pregnant. Ex- pressive. Nervous. Ant. Weak. Characterless. Diluted. Pointless. Plat. Vapid. Pitiable, adj., Pitipul, adj. See Piteous. Pitiless. Without pity, either specifically, or as a matter of Habit or disposition. Stn. Merciless. Unsparing. Inexorable. A»T. Pitiful. Tender. Merciful. Com- pvadunate. Lenient. Indulgent, Pittance, n. For pietance, from piety or pity, A small dole, as if granted from a feeling of piety or pity, Stn. Dole. Driblet. Drop. Drain, Scantling. Ant. Exuberance. Abundance. Pro- fusion, Laviahment, Pirr, n. Another form of piety. Lat, pietas. Properly used for compassion, but some- times, objectively, for a case of re- gret, as vehen it is said, ' It is a pity ;' meaning, it is a matter to be regretted. Stn. Mercy, Compassion, Tenderness, Commiseration. Ruth. Ant. Cruelty. Hardheartedness. Re- lentlessnesa. Pitilessness. Ruthlessness. Place, v. tr. Fr. place, a broad Stn. Locate, Assign, Fix, EstabUsh, Settle, Attribute, Situate, Ant. Disturb. Remove. Unsettle. Disarrange. Disestablish. Misplace. Mis- attribute. Misassign. Uproot. Transplant Extirpate. Eradicate. Transport Placid, adj. Lat. placidns. Syn. Calm. Quiet. Serene. Composed. Gentle. Unrntaed. StiU. Halcyonic. Un- excited. Imperturbable. Passionless, Ant. Rough. Troubled. Unquiet Dis- composed. Agitated. Ruffled. Disturbed. Irritated. Stormy. Excited. Impassioned. Plain, at^'. TiSii. planus. Level; and used metaphorically, as of manners. Stn. Level. Even. Flat Smooth. Open. Clear. Unencumbered. Unobstructed. Un- interrupted. Manifest Evident Obvious, TTnmistakeable. Simple. Easy. Natural. UnaBfected. Homely. Unsophisticated. Artless. Open. Unvarnished. Unem- belbshed. Unreserved. Ant. Uneven. Undulating. Bugged. Rough. Abrupt Broken. Confused. En- S?'*\, Ob«»^™te cate. Betoken. Ant. Record. Register. Recal. Re- member. Note. Rehearse. Programme, n. Prom. Gr. n-pOj before, and ypafifiUj a writing, Stn. Advertisement. N otice. Plan . Catalogue. Ant. Review. Rehearsal. Repetition, Resume. Analysis. Precis. Progress, n. Lat. progresses, from progredioi progresses , to ad- vance. Syn, Advancement. Advance. Move- ment. Proceeding. Way. Journey. Pro* ficiency. Speed. Growth. Akt. Delay. Stuppage. Retreat. Btfty, RetrogreHlon. Failure, RelapBf>. 306 Synonyms and Antonyms. PROGKBSS, V. int. See noun. PfiOGEESsioN, w. See Pro- gress. Stn, Series. Gradation. Rate. Ant. Inversion. Diminution. Prohibit, v. tr. Lat. prohi- here, hihitus. Stk. Forbid. Interdict. Debar, Dis- allow. Inhibit. Ant. Permit. Grant. Allow. Sanc- tion. Prohibition, n» See verb. Project, v. tr. and int, Lat. proficere, j'ectus, jacerey to cast. Stn. Throw. Cast. Hurl. Propel. Propound. Intend. Forecast Jut. Ex- ( end . Reach. Bulge. Aht. Recal. Withdraw. Draw. Re- tract. Pull. Attract Rebound. Recoil. A dduce. Revert. Rebate. Project, n. See verb. Stn. Plan. Purpose. Design. Scheme. Ant. Hazard. Chance. Venture. Projectile, n. See Project. Stn. Missile. Ant. Weapon. Side-arms. Hand-arms. Projection, n. See Project. Stn. Protuberance. Prominence. Con- vexity. Propulsion, Emission. Ant. Recess, Cavity. Concavity. Re- turn. Indentation. Hullow. Attraction. Recoil. Rebound. Ricochet. Reaction. PROLIPIO, adj. Fr. prolifique, Lat. proles, offspring, and facere, to make or produce. See Produc- tive. Prolix. Lat. pro, and laxus, loose. Stn. Diffuse. Lengthy. Tedious. Cir- cumlocii tory. Prosaic. Ant. Condensed. Terse. Epigramma- tic. Curt. Brief. Laconic. Prolong, v. tr. Lat. prolon- gare, from tongus, long. Stn. Lengthen. Extend. Protract Con- tinue. Ant. Curtail. Shorten. Contract. Dis- continue. Prominent, adj. Lat. promi- iieris, jmrt. oi prominere, Stn. Jutting. Protuberant. Relieved. Lmitosaed. Extended, Manifest. Con- bpkuuuti. Eminent. Distinguished. Msda. Important. Leading. Characteristic. Dis- tinctive. Ant. Receding. Concave. Rebated, in- dented. Hollowed. Engraved, lutailed. Withdrawn. Inconspicuous. Minor. Sub- ordinate. Secondaiy. Unimportant In- distinctive. Undistinguishable. PROMiscuotJS, adj. Lat. pro~ miscuuSf from pro, and miscere, to mix, Stn. Mingled. Confused. Undistin- guished. Unselected. Unarranged. Undis- tributed. Unassorted. Common. Unre- served. Casual. Disorderly. Unordered. Ant. Sorted. Select Orderly. Arranged, Distributed. Reserved. Assorted. Exclu- sive. Nice. Promise, v. tr. Lat. promit- tere, missus. To engage by word of mouth, as distinguished from a bond. Stn. Engage. Assure. Ant. Covenant. Pledge, Stipulate. The word is also tised intran- sitiyely, as, * the thing promises well;* and when transitive, has either a single or a double accu- sative, as, * to promise a person,* ' to promise a thing/ and ' to pro- mise a person a thing.' Promontory, n. 'Lai.promon' torium, pro, and mons, a moun- tain. Stn. Headland. Jutland. Cape. Ant. Bay. Cove. Recess. Promote, v. tr. Lat. promo vere, tnotus. Stn. Aid. Further. Advance. Excite Exalt. Raise. Elevate. Prefer. Ant. Discourage. Repress. Hiader Check. Allay. Depress. Degrade. DJs honour. Promotion, n. See Promote. Prompt, adj. Lat. promptus^ part, of promere, to bring forth, to bring to light or to view. Stn. Ready. Alert. Responsive Ac- tive. Ant. Unready. Sluggish. Irresponsive, Inactive. Promptitude, n. ^ee Prompt. Stn. Readiness. Quickness. Alertnees Alacrity. Activity. Ant. Unreadiness. Sluggishness. Inao tion. Inertness. Tardiuess, He^itatioa, Synonyms and Antonyms. 307 Pbomtjlgatb, V, tr. Corrupted for provulgate. Lat. pro, and vulguSj the common people. The etymology is seen in the synonym Divulge. SxN. Divulge. Announce. Publish. Spread. Propound. Disseminate. Akt. Repress. Conceal. Suppress. •%ifle. Hush. Burke. Discountenance. Prone, adj. Lat. p^^onusj leaning forward, Snr. Dispi^ed. Inclined, Bent. Tend- ing. Apt. Ant. Indisposed. Disinclined. Unapt. Averse. Pkonounce, v. tr. Lat. pro- nuntiare^ nuntius, a messenger. Stn. Articulate. Utter. Declare. Pro- pound, Deliver, Assert. Aifinn. Aj(T. Mispronounce. Mispropound. Mis- affirm. Suppress. Stifle. Silence. Choke. Swallow, tiabble. Mumble. Peonunciation, n. See Pro- nounce. Proof, n. Old Fr. prove, Lat. probarej to prove. Snr. Test. Trial. Examination. Cri- terion. Essay. Establishment, Comproba- tion. Demonstration. Evidence. Testi- mony. Scrutiny. Ant. Disproof. Failure. Invalidity. Sbort-coniing. Fallacy. Undemonstrative- ness. Reprobation. Prop, n. Dutch proppen, to thrust. Staff. SrN. Support. Stay, Buttress. Shore. Strut. Pin. Ant. Superstructure. Superincumbency. Toji-weight, Gravitation. Extirpation. Subverter. Destroyer. Propagate, v. tr. and int. Lat, propagare. Syn. Breed. Generate, Produce. Ori- ginate. Spread. Extend. Expand, Dis- seminate. Diffuse, Increase. Multiply. Promulgate, Propound. Broach. Ant, Extinguish. Strangle. Stifle. Neutralize. Reduce. Contract. Suppress. Diminish. FaiL Dwindle. Die. Contra- .dict Propel, v. tr. Lat. propdlere, to drive forward. Stm. Hurl, 1-Yoject, Drivp. Urge. Ant. Retard. Detain, Withhold. Propensity, n. Lat. piopen- suSj propendere, to hang forward. See Proclivity. Props a, adj. Lat. proprius^ Literally that which is one's own ; hence, secondly, that which is peculiarly, and, lastly, that which is generally, fitting. SrN. Peculiar. Appertinent, PersonaL Own, Constitutional. Special. Befitting. Adapted. Suited. Suitable. Appropriate. Right Decent. Becoming, Ant, Common. Inappertinent. Alien, Universal. Non-special, Unbefitting, Un- adapted. Unsuited. Unsuitable. Inappro- priate. Wrong. Indecent. Unbecoming. Improper. Prophetic, adj. Gr. 7rpo(pr)Tr}£^. Not so much a foreteller of events as a speaker on behalf of another, from 7rpocf)dvaL, to speak forth, as on behalf of some god. Syn. Predictive. Ominons. Portentous. Premonitory. Fatidical. Oracular, ^byi- line. Ant. Historic. Narrative, Chronicleil. Recorded. Recitative. Commemor,>itive. Propinquity, n. Fropinqutm. fvOTQ. prope, near. Stn, Nearness. Pftximity. Contignitj A^jacence, Ant. Distance. Remoteness. Longitnde. Separation, Propitiate, v. tr. Fropithis, favourable. To make favourable. Syk, Conci Hate. Secure. Appease. Win. Reconcile. Ant. Exasperate. Alienate. Estrange. Offend. Propitious, adj. See Propi- tiate. Applied to persons and things. SrN. Timely. Favourable, Auspicious. Beneficial, Friendly. Well-disposed. Ant. Untimely. Untoward. Unseason- able. tJn favourable. Inauspicious. Un- friendly. Hostile. Antagonistic. Adverse. Ill-disposed, Unpropitiou5. Proportion, n. Lat. pro, and portio, a share, SvN. Adaptation. Relation. Rate. Dis- tribution. Adjustment. Symmetry. In- terrelationship, Uniformity. Correlation. Amt. Misproportion. Misadjustment, x2 308 Synonyms and Antonyms. Incongruity. Disparity. Disiiarmooy. Dis- order. Irretation. Disproportion. Peoposal, n. Lat. proponere. to propose. Sn(. Offer. Overture. Tender. Sug- gestion. Ant. Wlthbolding. Withdrawal. Re- tention. Beticeuce. Dissuasive. Warning, rrohibition. Peopose, v. tr. See Propesal. Pboposition, n. See Proposal. In addition to the sense of pro- posal, this word has that of — Stn. Statement. AfSrmation. DecLua- tion. Sentence. Ant. Misstatement. Intei;jection. BabeL Jargon. Sound. Riddle. Paradox. Pbopound, v. tr. See Pro- pose. Stw. Propose. Promulgate. Express. Declare. Maintain- Advocate. Propagate. Broach. Ant. Repress. Suppress. Contradict. Withdraw. Bepudiate. Renounce. Ab- jure. RecaL Retract. Peopeibty, n. See Proper. Pkoeogation, n. See Pro- rogue. Peokogub, v. tr. Pro, for- ward, and rogare, to ash, to ask votes. To defer the voting day. SlrN. Adjourn. Postpone. Defer. Ant. Convene. Continue. Prolong. Expedite. Despatch. Prosaic, adj. Having the character of prose (prorsa oratio, straightforward speech) in an ex- cessive degree. Syk. Dull. Matter-of-fact. Tedious. ProJlx. Ant. Poetic Animated. Interesting. Lively. Fervid. Etaquent Graphic. Pbosokibb, v. tr. Pro and mribere, to write. The sense of tliis word is derived from the ancient Eoman custom of writing up in public the names of those persons who were sentenced to death. Sth. Denounce. Condemn. Reject !»• terdicU Ant. Permit Sanction. Encouj^cv^ Enjoin. Peosb, n. See Prosaic. PROSEOTrrB, V. tr. Lat. prose- qui, secutus. The radical idea of the word is, to follow out. This may be for purposes of investi- gation, as a subject, or an in- quiry, or a person, for the sake of bringing him, as an offender, to justice. Stn. Follow. PuTBue. Investigate. Conduct. Summon. Arraign. AST. Drop. Discontinue. Abandon. Misconduct. Misinvestigate. Miss. Libe- rate. £]xonerate. Acquit. Prosecution, n. See Prose- cute. Proselyte, n. Qv. irpotnf- \vTos. Literally, a comer to or comer over; that is, from one religion to another. Stk. Convert. Catechumen. Keophyta. Ajin. Misbeliever. InfideL Habitue. Pillar. Prop. Buttress. Peospect,- n. Lat. prospectits, a look out, from prospicere, to look out. Stu. View. Vision. Field. Landscape^ Hope. Anticipation. Prottability. Ant. Viewlessness. Dimness. Obscu- rity. Darkness. Cloud. Veiling, Occulta- tion. Hopelessness. Improbability. Prospectus, n. See Prospect. Sth. Programme. Plan. Catalogue. Anuouncement. BilL Scheme. Compen- dium. Ant. Subject. Transaction. Proceed- ing, &c. Prospesity, n. Lat. prospei and prosperus, from pro, accoru- ing to, and spes, hope. Syn. Success. Weal. Welfere. Ant. Unsuccess. Woe. Adversity. Failure. Reverse. Prosperous, adj. See Pros- perity. Prostrate, adj. Lat. pn»- ternere, prostratits, to throw down. Synonyms and Antonyms. 809 SiK. Fallen. I^At. Procumbent. Life- less. Suined. Amt. Risen. Vertical. Erect. TTp- ilght. Eelrivigorated. Revived. Restored. Prostration, ■«. See Pros- trate. Protect, v, tr, Prokgere, pro- tectus, to cover over, or throw a shield or other guard before. Stn. Defend. Fortify. Guard. Shield, Preserve. Cover. Secure. Ant. Betray. ^danger. Imperil. Abandon. Expose. Protection, n. See Protect. Protector, n. See Protect Protest, v. int. "When used transitively, it is followed by the prep, agaiost. Syn. Expostulate. Remonstrate. De- nounce. Repudiate. Deprecate. AfiT. Acquiesce. Coincide. Sanction. Subscribe. Endorse. Agree. Protract, v. tr. Frotrahere, protractuSj to draw out. Syn. Prolong. Produce. EIoDgat& De- fer. Extend, Lengthen. Amt. Shorten. Abbreviate. CurtaiL Contruct. Reduce. Protrude, v. tr. and int. Pro- trvderej to thrust forth. SrK. Extend. Project. Abut. Jut De- monstrate. Expose. Akt. Recede. Retract Adduce. Re- press. Suppress. ConceaL Protrusion, n. See Protrude. Snr. Pi'ojection. Protuberance. Con- vexity. Tongue. Ant. Recess. Cavity. HoUow. Con- cavity. Mouth. Protuberance, n. Pro.forih, and tuh&r, any kind of siuelllng. SvN. Lump. Swelling. Excrescence. Convexity. Ant. Cavity. Smoothness. Planeness. Concavity. Indentation. HoUow. Proud, adj. Ang. Sax. prut,- SrN. Arrogant Haughty. Imperious. Supercilious. Presumptuous. Boastful. Elated. Self-satisfied. Lofty. Imposing. Uagnlficent. Self-conscious. Ant. Deferential. Humble. Affable. Unpresuming. Meek. Lowly. Ashamed. VctinpoilnS. Meuu. Prove, v. tr. Lat. pryyhare. Stn. Try. Assay. Test Establisn. Demonstrate. Ascertain. Argue. Show. Confirm. Ant. Pass. Pretermit. Misdemonstrate, Misindicate. Refute. Disprove. Contra- dict Disestablish. Neutralize. Proverb, n. Lat. proverlium. A condensed saying of practical value. Stn. Maxim, Apothegm (properly Apo- phthegm), Adage, Saw. Ant. Essay. Dissertation. Disquisi- tion. Oration. Diatribe. Yam. Proverbial, adj. See Pro- verb. Stn. Notorious. Current. Acknow- ledged. Unquestioned. Ant. Dubious. Unfounded. Suspicious. Suspected. Questionable. Provide, v. tr. Pro, forward, and videre, to see. Used some- tiines intransitively with iheprep. for. Syn. Prepare. Arrange. Procure. Af- ford. Supply. Contribute. Yield. Pro- duce. Ant. Misprovide. Neglect. Overlook. Withhold. Retain. Appropriate. Refuse. Deny. Alienate, Invert. Misemplcjy, Mismanage. Provided, adv. See Provide. Stn. Granted. Supposing. Ant. Barring. Saving. Excluded. Providenoe, n. See Provi- dent. Provident, adf. See Provide. Stn. Forecasting. Foreseeing. Cautious. Considerate. Ant. Improvident. Reckless. Careless. Inconsiderate. Province, n. Pro and vincere, to conquer. A country brought by conquest under the dominion of Eome. Stn. Tract. Region. Department Sec- tion. Sphere, Ant. Metropolis. Centre. GapitaL Provincial, adj. See Pro- vince. Stn. Appendant. Annexed. Outlying, Rural. Ouuntrified. Rustic. Buoolic. Ant, Central. Metropolitan. ModUk Fashionable, Courtly, 310 Synonyms ajid Antonyms. Provision, n. See Provide. Syn. Preparation. Arrangement. Pro- duce. Supply. Anticipation. Food. Sup- plies. Ant. Neglect. Misprovlsion. Forget- ful nesB. ThoughtleBBneBs. Oversight. Dea- titutlon. Want. Dearth. Starvation. /)ole. Pittance. Provisional, adj. See Pro- vide. The term expresses that which is contingent upon some- thing else, foreseen, or supposed to be so ; hence, conditional, or upon present circumstances which may alter ; hence, tempo- rary. Stw. Conditional. Contingent. Hypo- thetical. Temporary. Aht. Unconditional. Absolute. Penna- oent. Perpetual. Provocation, n. See Pro- voke. Provoke, v. ti: Lat. provo- care, to cull forth. In the first place, simply so; and hence, as regards the feeling of resent- ment, to irritate. Syn. Educe. Summon. Rouse. Irritate. Excite. Challenge. Vex. Akt. Allay. Kelegate. Pacify. Soothe. Conciliate. Prowess, n. From the Old English adjective prow, from pro- hus, having good knightly quali- ties. Srs. Bravery. Valour. Gallantry. Might. Ant. Cowardice. Weakness. Pol- troonery. Dastardliness. Prowl, v. int. Old English. Syn. Rove. Roam. Wander. Prey. Ant. Fly. Swoop. Chase. Scour. Proximitt, n. Lat. proximus, nearest. See Propinquity. Proxy, n. A contraction of procuracy, from Lat. procvrator, a proctor or substitute. Syn. Agency. Substitution. Represen- tation. Agent. Substitute. Representa- tive Deputy. Commissioner. Lieutenant. Delegate. Ant. Principalship. Personality. Prin- eipal. Person. Authority, Deputer, Prudent, adj. Lat. prudens, for providens. Another form ol the word provident. Syt^. Wise. Wary. Cautious. Circum- spect. Discreet Careful. Aht. Foolish. Unwary. Incautlon&. Uncircumspect. Indiscreet. Rash, impru- dent. Silly. Reckless. Audacious. Prune, v. tr. For an old word preen. Syn. Trim. Lop. Dress. Amputate. Ant. Pamper. Train. Pry, v. int. Probably conn, with prey and prowl. Syn. Peer. Peep. Scrutinize. Inquire, Ant. Connive. Overlook. Disregard. Pretermit. Public, adj. Lat. puUicus, far popuUcus, belonging to the people. Syn. Open. Notorious, Common, So- cial, National, Ant. Close, Secret, Private, Domestic. Secluded. Solitary, Personal. Individual Publication, n. See PubUo. The word is also used of the thing published, Syn. Promulgation. NotiGcation, Pro- clamation. Divulgation. . Ant. Suppression, Reservation, Con- cealment, Publicity, n. The state of being publicly known as opposed to suppression of things, or re- tirement of persons. See Public. Puerile, adj. Lat, puer, a hoy. Syn. Childish. Futile. Nugatory. Weat Silly. Trifling. Ant. Manly. Vigorous. Effective. Pow* erful. Cogent. Weighty. Puerility, n. See Puerile. Puff, v. tr. Germ, puffen. Used metaphorically for, to in- flate with praise. Syn. Flatter. Advertise. Hawk. Ven- tilate. Ant. Squash. Disparage. Lash, Cliaa- tise. Blast. Pugnacious, adj. Lat. pugnax, given toJi!/hti»g,pugna, a fight. Syn. Quarrelsome. Belliaose. Asr. Peaceable. CouoiliatoiJ. Suavity. Synonyms and Antonyms. 311 Pull, v. tr. Ang. Sax. pullian. Syk. Draw. Drag. Adduce, tlxtract. PlQCk. Amt. Push. i;iect. Extrude. Propel. Pummel, v. tr. It. pomo, an apple, or any round knob, as of a stick or sword-handle. See Pommel. Pump, v. tr. Pr. pompe, a pump. Metaphorically and col- loquially used in the following senses — Syn. Cross^examme. Interrogate. Cross- question. Ant. Prime. Indoctrinate. Instruct. Cram. Punch, v. tr. Pr, poingonner, Lat. pu-ngere, punctus, to prick. Applied to persons and things. Sth. Perforate. Poke. Pierce. Puncture. Terebrate. Bore. Ant. Stop. Plug. Seal. Bung. Punctilious, adj. Sp. pun- tillo, a dimin. of Lat. punctum. A little or nice point of etiquette, or otherwise. Stn. Ceremonious. Nice. Scrupulous. Exact. Ant. Unceremonious. Unscrupulous. Punctual, adj. See Puncti- lious — in the sense of which it was once employed; now re- stricted to the observance of points of time. Stn. Exact Prompt. Early. Timely. Ant. Late. Tardy. Behindliand. Be. lated. Dilatory. Unpunctual. PUNOTUBE, n. and v. See Punch. Pungent, adj. Part, of Lat. pungere, to prick. Stn. Pricking. Piercing. Acrid. Mor- dant. Biting. Stinging. Stimulating. Keen. Trenchant. Caustic. Ant. Soothing. Mellow. Luscious. Unctuous. Punish, v. tr. Lat. punire. Sth. Chastise. Castigate. Chasten, (jorrcct. Ajtt. RewtBTl. Becompense. Remunerate. icdEimilfy. Punt, adj. Old Fr. puisne, Fr. puis ne, Lat. post natus, horn last, or youngest. Stn. Petty. Undeveloped. Undersized. Feeble. Pigmy. Dwarfish. Ant. Great. Developed. Fine. Robust, Vigorous. Oversized. Colossal. Gigantic. Pupil, n. Lat. pupillus, dim oipupus, hoy. Stn. Scholar. Learner. Tyro. Novice; Ward. Ant. Teacher. Master. Proficient, Adept. Guardian. Pupilage, n. See Pupil. Stn. Minority. Dipcipleship. Ward- ship. Tutelage. Dependence. Go\ernmeat Ant, Majority. Mastership. Guardian- ship. Discretion. Independence. Puppet, n. Written also Pop- pet. Fr. poupee, a dull, Lat. pupa. Used illustratively for a person of high station, but with- out real power.. Stn. Doll. Image. Lay-figure. Tool. Ant. Personality. Power. Puppy, n. In the sense of fop is not to be confounded with puppy, another form of pup, a small dog. It is of the same derivation as puppet, which see. Stn. Fop. Coxcomb. Prig. Ant. Boor. Clown. Lout. Purblind, adj. Now used in the sense of partly blind, pro- bably from a confusion with the par, or parboiled, or part- boiled ; but originally it meant entirely blind —pure, or purely bUnd. Stn. Blinkard. Owl-eyed. Short- sighted. Amt. Eagle-eyed. Hawk-eyed. Lynx- eyed, Argus-eyed. Far-sighted. Pure, adj. Lat. purus. Stn. Clear. Unmixed. Simple. Genuine. Unadulterated. Uncorrupted. Unsullied. Clean. Spotless. Immaculate. Undefiled. Guileless. Innocent. Ant. Foul. Turbid. Impure, Adul- terated. Corrupt. Sullied, Stained, Tar- nished, Defiled, Mixed. Gullly, Purgation, n. Lat. purgatio. Sth. Clearing. Cleansing. Purification Lustration, Clarification. Defecation, I1«, tersion. 312 Byrumyms and Antonyms. Ant. Impnta^on. Contraction. Defile- ment. Befonlment. Purge, u. tr. See Purgation. PtmiPY, V. tr. Purus, pure, and/fflcere, to mahe. See Purge. PuEiTANiCAL,a(fy. Like in creed or in demeanour to the Puritans. Stn. Prudish. Ascetic. Demure. Ant. Genial. Dissolute. Voluptuous. Rakish. PuEiTT, n. See Pure. Purlieu, n. Oftener used in the plural. A corruption of puralee, for pour and aller. A liberty or district in the neigh- bourhood of a forest, deiined by perambulation in old times. Syn. Envirou. Precinct. Suburb. Ant. Centre. Heart Purloin, v. tr. Old Pr. pour- loignier. Not to carry a long way oif, but to retard or delay ; hence, in the secondary sense, to keep back furtively. Sin. SteaL Filch. Thieve. Ant. Reinstate. Restore. Seize. Plun- der. Purport, n. Old Fr. purport, from pur for pour, for, and porter, to carry. Stn. Tendency. Meaning. Import. Bearing. Signification. Drift. Tenour. Current. Ant. Statement. Assertion, Declara- tion. Proposition. Announcemeilt. PuRPOsn, V. tr. and int. Der. uncertain. Perhaps another form of propose, from the French pour, forward, the Lat. pro and poser, from ponere, to put; but more probably the French pour- penser, to think heforehand. Stn. Intend. Determine. Design. Re- solve. Ant. Chance. Risic. Hazard. Revoke. Ihliscalculate. Venture. StalEe. Purpose, n. See verh. Syn. Intention. Design. Mind. Meati- Ing. \"cw. Object. Aim. Knd. Scopp. Point. Besolvo. Ant. Chance. Fortune. Fate. Acci- dent Hazard. Lot. Casualty. Lottery. Hit PuBBUB, V. tr. The same word as prosecute, but coming through the French poursuivre, and not directly from the Latin' prosequi, secutus. See Prosecute. Pursy, adj. Fi.poussif, from povsse, asthma. Stn. Short-winded. Thick-winded Short-breathed. Ant. Lithe. Agile. Ijong-winded. Purulent, adj. Pus, corrupt matter. Syn. Feculent Festering. Corrupt Airr. Secretional, Healthy, Purvey, v. tr. Fr. pourvoir, the Latin providere, so that pur- vey is the French form of pro- vide, the latter coming directly from the Latin, It is by common usage restricted to the procuring of provisions. See Provision. Push, v. tr. Fr. pousser, Lat pulsare. Syn. Press, Drive, Impel. Propel, Butt Thrust Urge, Expedite. Acco- lerate. Reduce, Ant, Pull, Draw. Drag. Adduce, Pusillanimity, n. PusHlus, dim, of pusus, conn, with puer, a little hoy, and animus, the mind. Syn. Cowardice. Dastardliness. Mean- spiritedness. Faint-heartedness, Timidity. Poltroonery. Ant, Magnanimity. Fortitude. Courage; Bravery. Venturesomeness. Doting, Heroism, Pusillanimous, adj. See Pusillanimity. Put, v. tr. Dan. putte. Syn, Place. Lay, Set Propose, Ant. Remove. Raise, Displace. Transfer, Withdraw, Putative, adj. Ij&i.putatiima, pufare, to think. Stn, l?eckoned. Supposed, Deemed. Reported. Ant. Real. Authenliaited, Vcritabl* EstabUbhed. Synonyms and Antonyms, 313 PuTlD, ad;\ Putidtcs, from puterej to stink» Stn. Stinking. Corrupt. Offensive. Rotten. Foul. Mean. Base. Worthless. Akt. Wholesome. Sound. Inoffensive. Pare. Redolent Fresh. Honourable. Worthy. Ptjtrbpt, V, tr.f but more com- monly intransitive, Syn. Rot. Corrupt. Decompose. De- cay. AuT. Preserve. Embalm. Freshen. Vitalize. Pnrily. Depurate. Disinfect. Putrid, adj. Lat. ptUrere, from putris, rotten. Stk. Rotten. Decayed. Decomposed. Stinking. Ant. Fresh. Wholesome. HealthfuL Sweet. Puzzle, v. tr. Low Germ. pusseln, cOTm. with pose. Syn. Pose. Perplex. Embarrass. Be- wilder. Confound. Mystify. Ant. EnUghten. Instruct. Illumine. Puzzle, n. See verb. Stn. Embarrassment. Bewilderment. Enigma. Confusion. Conundrum. Intri- cacy. Labyrinth. Ant. Disentanglement. Solution. Ex- planation. Extrication. Clue. Q. QuACE, n. From the cry. One who yaunts his wares or medicines. ' SXH. Empiric. Mountebank. Charla- tan. Impostor. Pretender. Ajst. Dupe. Gull. Victim. QuACKEBT, n. See Quack. QuArp, V. tr. Swed. qvafu, to tuffocate, immerse. Snr. Drink. Swallow. Imbibe. AST. Disgorge. Spew. Vomit. Quail, v. int. Ang. Sax. cwe- lan, to die. Stn. Sink. Shrink. Cower. Succumb. Crouch. Flinch. Abt. Stand. Defy. Withstand. Face. Endure. Quaiht, adj. Partly from cognitus, and partly from comp- tuit. Sra. Curious. Eecordite. Abstruse. Elegant. Nice. Affected. WhimsicaL Odd. Antique. Archaic. Fanciful. Sil»- gular. 01d-fQ3hioned. Ant. Commonplace. Ordinary. Usual. Coarse. Common. Modern. Modish. Fa.^ shionable. Dowdy. Quake, v. int. Ang. Sax cwacian. Stn. Tremble. Shake. Shudder. Vt- brate. Quiver. Ant. Stand. Kest, Root, Qualification, n. See Qua- lify. Syn. Capacity. Fitness. Condition. Re- quirement. Limitation. Modification. Ant, Incapacity. Unfitness. AbsolnW ness. Disqualification. Non-quallflcatioo. Unrestrictedness. QuALiFT, V. tr. Lat. qualis, such as, and facer e, to make. To make such as a state or circumstances require. So to qualify a person for an ofl&ce, or a statement by such limitations as the case de- mands. Stn. Fit. Prepare. Adapt. Capacitate. Limit. Restrict. Ant. Unfit Misprepare. Misqualifiy, Disqualify, Incapacitate. Free. Absolve, Quality, n. See Qualify. Syn, Condition. Character/ Sort. Kind. Description. Capacity. Power. Virtue. Nature. Tendency. Ant. Anomalousness, Heterogeneous nes8. Nondescript. Incapacity. Weak- ness Indistinctiveness. Ineffectiveness. Disqualification. Negation. Disability. QuALMj n. Ang. Sax. cwelhm, to slay. An attack of deadly sickness. Used metaphorically for misgiying of the conscience. Syn. Misgiving. Remorse. Scruple. Penitence. Ant. Comfort. Ease, Self-satisfaction. Self-approval. QuANDAKT, n. Fr. qu'en di' raije f what shall I say of it f Syn. Hobble. Difficulty. Doubt Per. plexity. Bewilderment. Dubitation. Halt- ing. Dilemma, Embarrassment. Axn. Clearsightedness. Resolution. Plata* ness. Clearness. Obviousness. Facility. Disencumbrunce, Disentang'.ement. DiV embarrassment. 314 Quantity, n. how much, Stk. Measure. Amount. Bulk. Size. Sum. Portion. AnT. Margin. Deficiency. Deduction. Want. Inadequacy. Scantiness. Insuffi- ciency. Loss. Deterioration. Diminution. Waste. Wear. Leakage. QUARHEL, n, Lat. querela, a complaint. STif. Brawl. Altercation. ASray. Squabble. Feud. Tumult. Dispute. Wrangle. Variance. Disagreement. Mis- understanding. Hostility. Ant. Confabulation, Conversation. Chat. Pleasantry. Conciliation. Agree- ment. Harmony. Understanding. lYiend- llness. Peace. Amity. Good-wilL QuARRELj V. int. See noun. Quarrelsome, adj. See Quarrel. Stn. Choleric. Irascible. Petulant Litigious. Pugnacious. Aat. Peaceable. Amenable. Genial. Unquarrelsome. Inoffensive. Mild. Meek. Conciliatory. Bland. Suave. Quarter, n. A dirision of space, especially one of the four quarters of the heavens; hence a space or margin of forbear- ance. Sth. Mercy. Forbearance. Pity, Ant. Extermination. Mercllessness. Unsparingness. Pitilessness. Euthlessnesg. Quash. Fr. casseVf Lat. quas- eare, from quatere quassum, to shake to pieces. Stk. Crush. Extinguish. Oterthrow. Annibilate. Annul. Nullify. Ant. Sap. Undermine. Disorganize. Decompose. Quaver, v, int. Old Eng. quave, to shake. See Quake. Queer, adj\ Germ, queer, cro^H, athwart. Stw. Odd. Whimsical. Quaint Cross. Sl range. Crotchety. Amt. Ordinary. Common. Usual. Fa- miliar. Customary. Quell, v. tr. See Qualm. Syh. Extinguish. Crush. Keiiuce. Allay, Stifle. Quiet. Pacify. Quench. Ant Foster. Excite. Fan. Aggravate. Blir. Irritate. DIs;urb. Eaise. Inflame. Synonyms and Antonyms^ Lat. quantus, Quench, i>. tr. Aug. Sax, cwencan. See Quell, QuERiMONious, adf. Queri* monia, a covnplainty £rom queriy to complain. Given to complain- ing or resisting. Syn. Malcontent. Dissatisfied. Oppoal- titiouK. Liriglous. Ant. Contented. Satisfied. Complacent. Amenable. Conformable. Querulous, adj. See Queri- monious. It has much the same meaning as querimonious, but is more objective in its force, im- plying the expression of the qua- lity of querimoniousness in look,, manner, &c. Syn. Quarrelsome Complaining. IMb- satisfied. Chiding. Murmuring. Whining, Peevish. Fastidious. Irritable. Ant. Easy. Ui) complaining. Satisfied. Contented. Submissive. GeniaL Compla- cent. CbeerfuL Good-tempered. Question, v. tr, Lat. qucestio, Stn. Ask. Inqnire. Interrogate. Donbt Investigate. Dubitate. Controvert Dis- pute. Ant. Dictate. State. Assert Pny nounce. Enunciate. Concede, Endorse. AfQrm. Grant Allow. Question, n. See veth, Stn. Inquiiy. Interrogation. Donbt Scrutiny. Investigation. Topic. Ant. Reply. Response. Solution. An- swer. Explanation. Admission. Cancer sion. QuESTiONABLB, adf. See Ques- tion. Stn. Doubtful. Dnbiona. Froblema* tical. Disputable. Debatable. Ant. Certain. Evident Self-evident Obvious. Indisputable. Quibble, v. int. Perhaps from the Lat. quid, what — what you pleafie. Stn. Shuffle. Evade. Trifle. Cavil. Ant. Reuson. Argue. Enuadate. Ii^ vestigate. Discuss. Quibble, n. See verb. Quick, adf. Old. Eng. It had originally the sense of alive, as, *the quick and tiie dead^ Synonyms and Antonyms. 315 now of rapid movement, as a sign of active life. Stn. Fast. Rapid. Speedy, Expedi- tious. Swift. Hasty. Prompt. Ready. Active. Brisk. Nimble. Lively. Agile. Alert. Sprightly. Transient. IntelligeDt. Irascible. Ant. Slow. Tardy. Sluggish. Inert. Inactive. Dull. Insensitive. QinCKEN, V. tr. See Quick. Stn. Accelerate. Animate. Hasten. Urge. Excite. Promote. Expedite. Ant. Retard. Delay. Encumber. Clog. Drag. Detain. Discourage. Allay. Quiet, n. Lat. quies. Stn. Rest. Rppose. Stillness. Calm. Appeasement. Pacification. Silence. Peace. Ant, Unrest. Motion. Noise. Agita- tion. Excitement. Disturbance. Turmoil. Tumult. ' Quiet, v. tr. See noun, Stn. Allay. Appease. Still. Pacify. Hush. Lull. Tranquillize. Soothe. Calm. Ant. Rouse, li^cite. Disturb. Agi- tate. Stir. Urge. Goad. Quit, v. tr, Lat. quies. To leave quiet, that is, to abandon, as a place or a claim. Syn. Leave. Resign. Abandon. Re- linquish. Discharge. Release. Ant. Seek. Occupy. Invade. Bind. Enforce. Haunt Enter. Quite, adv. Yr. quittCj dis^ charged, free, clear. "With the Bense of acquit, which is, literally, to quiet the mind of any by re- leasiQg it from obligations or claims, and so leaving it quiet. Syn. Perfectly. Entirely. Completely. Whr.lly. Truly. Ant. Partially. Imperfectly. Barely. InsufGciently. Hardly. Quittance, n. Fr, quittance. Something paid or granted for the quieting of the mind of a debtor. Stn. Discharge. Absolution. Remis- sion. Release. Ast. Distraint. Exaction. Bond. Debt. Obligation. QuiTER, V. int. See Quaver. Quote, v, tr. Lat. qvotus, what in order, what number. Stn. Cite. Name. Addace. PleacL Allege. Amt. Disprove. Refute. Eetoct Op* pose. Rebut. Contradict Traverse. MJfi- quote. Misadduce. E. Rabble, n. Old Fr. rapaiUe, from raper, to rake. The rakingp or scrapings of the people. >Stn. Crowd. Mob. Scum. Dregs. Eitf-rafF. Ant, Elite. Aiiatocracy. Galaxy. Bevy. Eabid, adj. Lat. rahidu*. Stn. Furious. Kaging, Mad. Info- riated. Maniacal. Frantic. Airr. KationaL Sane. Reasonable. Sober. Eacy, adj. Fr. race, Lat. radix, Eng. race. Of fine flavour, as indicating a fine source. Stn. Fine-flavoured. Fresh. Rich, Pungent. Piquant. Spirited. Smart. Back, v. tr. See Torture. Eabiancb, n. See Eadiant. Eadiakt. Lat. radians, part. of radiare — from radius — to emit rays, especially of light. Stn. Beaming. Lustrous. Brilliant. Glittering. Splendid. Luminous. Glorious Beauteous. Ant. Dull. Lustreless. Non-luminons, Eadioai, adj. Lat. radix, a root. Pertaining to the root. Stn. Original. Fundamental. Tho- rough-going. Unsparing. Extreme. En- tire. Innate. Natural EssentiaL Im- manent. Ingrained. Underlved. Deep- seated. Ant. Derived. Ascltitious. Adventi- tious. Superficial. Extraneous. PartiaL Moderate. Conservative. Acquired. Ease. n. Lat. rabies, Fr. rage. Anj manifestation of ungovemed passion. Syn. Fury. Rabidity. Mania. Passion. Madness. . Ferocity. Ant. Reason. Moderation. GentleneEB. Temperateness. Calmness. Quiescence. Mitigation. Assuagement. TraoquiUity. Mildness. Softness. 816 Synonyms and Anionyms. Kaimbnt, n. Abbrev. from Arraiment. Stn. Clotbiog. Vestmenta. Vesture. Garments. AsT. Rags. Nndity. Ifakedness. Eaisb, V. tr. Ang. Sax. rdsian, from nsan, to rise. Used mate- rially and metaphorically. Sth. Lift. Heave. Elevate. Exalt. Advance. Promote. Heighten. Enhance. Awaken. Rouse. Excite. Cultivate. Rear. Produce. Collect. Summon. Erect. Ori- ginate. Propagate, Ant. Lay. Cast. Depress. Degrade. Retard. Dishonour. Lower. Depreciate. Lull. Compose. Quiet. Calm. Kligbt. Destroy. Disperse. Disband. Stifle. Hush. Silence. Neutralize. Confute. Eallt, v. tr. and int. Lat. re-alligare, to unite again, by restoring the courage; hence applied also to individuals, in the sense of inspirit. To rally, in the sense of banter, is, etymo- logioally, a distinct word, and is . in Fr. railler, as the former, to encourage, is rattier. Sts. Recal. Reunite. Inspirit. Ani- mate. Recover. Reassure. Ant. Demoralize. Disperse. Disband. Rally, v. tr. Tr. railler. Syk. Banter. Satirize. Chaff. Twit Taunt Ant. Compliment Flatter. Panegyrize. Eulogize. Bamblb, V. int. Der. uncer- tain. Comp. Germ, rammeln, to tumUe, or Lat. re-amhulari', or possibly connected with Eoam. Syn. Rove. Roam. Wander. Range. Stroll. Saunter. Amt. Course. Speed. Hasten. Drive. Bun. Eamification, n. Lat. ramzis, a branch, and fucere, to make. Used of the process of causing one or more branches (either literally, as in the growth of trees, or metaphorically, as the brunches of a .subject), and also | of the branches so caused , some- . times also, as in botany, the mode of their production. Stn. Branching. Branch. Off-«hoot Division. Divergence. Subdivision. AST. Line. Trunk. Stem. Bole. Oourae, Thread. Sequence. Continuity. Prosecu- tion. Rectilinearity. Indivergence, Indl- vision. Kon-ramification. Eamipt, v. int. See Eamifi- cation. Eampant, adj. Ang. Sax. rempend, rash. It expresses lite- rally the position which is some- thing short of springing, which in heraldry is expressed by sa- lient, and is used metaphorically iu the sense of unbridled. Ite opposite in heraldry would be couchant. Stn. Unbridled. Uncontrolled. Violent. Licentious. Vehement Ant. Demure. Self-restrained. Self- controlled. Disciplined. Curbed. Rampaet, n. Fr. rempart, from remparer, to fortify. Syn. Bulwark. Fortification. Security. Wall. Defence. Embankment Mouud. Mole. Outwork. Breastwork. Ant. Non- fortification. Defencelessnesa. Exposure. Insecurity. Vulnerability. Eancib, adf. Lat. randdus. Stn. Sour. Tainted. Rank. Olid. Reasty. Ant. Sweet Pure. Untaiuted. Fre^ Fragrant. Eancour, n. Lat. rancor, it expresses hostile feeling of long standing. SvN. Ill-blood. Spite. Gnidse. Ani- mosity. Hatred. Malice. Malignity. En- mity. Antipathy. Vimiictiveness. Male- volence. .■Vnt. Good-feeling. Friendliness. Kind- liness. Forgiveness. Geniality. Sympathy. Congenialiiy. Unvindictivcness. Random, ndj. Old Fr. randon. Syn. Haphazard. Stray. Chance. Wild. Aimlfss. Purposeless. Unpremeditated. Ciisual. Vague. Accidental. Ant. Steady. Aimed. Intended. E* gnldr. Controlled. Purposed. Intentional. Di-Uberate. Designed. Normal. Systemattt^ Range, v. tr. Fr. ranger. Conn with the Eng. Eank. ISynonyms and Antonyms. 317 Stn. Rank. Dispose. Order. CuUocate. File. Concatenate. Akt. Disturb. Disconnect, Disorder. Derange. Intermit Disconnect EanKj w. See Kange. Stn. Row. Line. Tier. Order. De- gree. Grade. Dignity, AuT. Disconnection. Disorder. Iu.:en- tlnuity. Solution. Intermission. Hiatus. Plebelanism. Meamiess. Commonalty. KanklEj v. int From Rank. Aug. Sax. ranc, which meant proud, fruitful, and luxuriant. Stw. Fester. Smoulder. Bum. Akt. Heal. Cool. Close. Ransack, v. tr, Icel. ransaha, to explore. Applied to rough ex- ploration to the extent of spoil- ing. Stn. Rummage. Rifle. Ravage. Over- haul. Am:. Skim. Survey. Reconnoitre. Eansom, v. tr, Fr. rangon, Lat. redempfio. ' Stn. Redeem, Release. Indemnify. AwT. Prosecute. Indict. Fine. Mulct. Forfeit Danmify. Eansom, n. See verb. Rant, n. South Germ, rant^ noise. Stn. Bombast Rhodomontade. Flum- mery. Declamation. Raving. ~ Amt. Reason. Argument Eloquence. Logic. Rhetoric. Rapacious, adj. Lat. rapaxy from raperej to seize or snatch. Stn. Greedy. Ravenous. Voracious. Predaceous. Avaricious. Grasping. Ant. Bountiful. LiberaL Contented. PrngaL Rapid, adj. Lat. rapidus. Stn. Quick, Swift. Speedy. Accele- nUd. Flying. Ant. Slow. Tardy. Retarded. Cum- brous, liazy. Rapidity, n. See Rapid. Stn. Quickness." Swiftness. Speed. Ve- Jocity. Celerity. Dispatch. Ant. Slowness. Tardiness. Cumbrous- Bfss, Delay. Rapture, n. Sp. raptura, Lai fdpere, raptus, to seize. The state ctf l>eii2ff seized or carried out of one's self by pleasure or excite- ment. Stn. Ecstat^'. Transport. Bliss, Ra- vishment Ant. Agony. Torture. Pain, Tedium. Ennui. Irksomeness. Rare, adj. Lat. rarus, Stn. Scarce. Choice. Infrequent. Ex- cellent Few. Exceptional. Sparse. Un- usual. Singular. Uncommon. Dispersed, Valuable. Precious. Thin. Volatile. Ant. Common. Frequent, Abundant. Numerous. Mean. Ordinary. Usual. Ke- gular. Crowded. Dense. Vulgar. "Worth- less. Cheap, Valueless, Rareft v. tr. and int. Tc make ran ia the sense. Stn. Expand. Lighten. Attenuate. Sublimate. Ant. Solidify, Condense. Thicken. Rascal, n. Used by Shake- speare in the sense of a * worth- less deer ' A man of low rather than heinous offences. Stn. Rogue. ScoundreL Vagabond, Knave. Ant. Gentleman. Rascality, n. See RascaL Rash, adj. Dutch rasch. Onoa used in the simple sense of ener- getic, or acting or moving with rapidity, as, Shakespeare, 'rash gunpowder;' now restricted to energy, unreflecting and heed- less. Stn. Headstrong. Audacious. Hasty. Precipitate. " Reckless. Foolhardy. Over- venturesome. Incautious. Unwary. Ant. Wary. Cautious. Calculating Discreet. Unventuresome. Dubitatlng. Hesi- tating. Reluctant Timid. Ratify, v. tr. Lat. ratus, caU culated, fixedj and facere^ to make, Stn. Sanction. Seal. Confirm, Hlndorsa Secure. Approve. Validify. Establish. Ant. Negative. Reject, Repudiate Disaffirm, Invalidate. Abrogate. Annul Nullify. Ratification, n. See Ratify. Rational, adj. Lat. ratio^ reason. Stn. Sane. Sound. Intelligent lies soniDg. Reasonable. Judicious. Sober 318 f^nonyms and Antonyms, Sensible. Probable. Equitable. Moderate. Fair. Ant. lasane. Unsound. Weak. Silly. Unintelligent. Absurd. Injudicious. Fan- ciful. Extravagant. Preposterous, Un- reasoning. Unreasonable. Irrational. Ex- orbitant.* Ravage, v. tr. Low Lat. ra- paglum, from raperCj to snatch or seize. SrN. Spoil. Devastate, Despoil. De- stroy. Desolate. Ransack. Waste. Ruin. Plunder. Ant, Spare. Conserve. Preserve. In- demnify. RavBj V, int. Fr. rever, to dream f or he delirious. It is some- times used as a transitiye verb, but only with an accusative, which has a cognate sense, as, •"he raved nonsense' — the non- sense being the subject-matter of the raving. Stn. Wander. Drivel. Rani Aira. Cunverse. Reason. Discourse. Ravel. Old Dutch ravelen. >f old used intransitively, now :nly as a transitive verb. Syn. Separate. Undo. Untwist Un- wind. Disentangle. It is singular that the word itself should have two opposite senses, yet the reason is not ob- scure ; the dealing with many threads, even where the purpose is disentanglement, is very likely to lead to the opposite result; whence, also, Ant. Entangle. Complicate. Conglo- merate. Confuse. Ravenous, adj. Prob. conn, not with Raven but Rapine, but restricted by usage to matter of food. Syn, Voracious. Hungry. Gluttonous. Rapacious, Omnivorous. Ant. Listless. Inappetent. Fastidious. Dainty. Nice. Raving, adj. See Rave. Raw, adj. Ang. Sax. hreaw. Used in many metaphorical senses. SrN, Unc(x->ked. L npTepared. Ho* finished. Unripe. Crude. Unseasoned. In- experienced, Fresh. Green. UnpractistA Untried. Bare. Bald. Exposed. Galled Chill. Bleak. Piercing. Ant. Cooked. Dressed. Prepared. Finished. Ripe. Mature. Mellow. Sea- soned. Experienced. Expert. Adept. Habituated. Familiar, Practised. Trained. Tried. Covered. Healed. Balmy. GeniaL Raze, v. tr, Fr. razer. Stn. Demolish. Level. Prostrate. Sub- vert. Reduce. Ruin. Destroy. Debase. Ant. Raise. Erect. Build. Rear. Re- pair. Restore. Reach, v. tr. and int. Ang, Sax. rcp-ccaUj to extend, Syn. Extend. Thrust. Stretch. Attain. Gain. Grasp. Penetrate. Strain. Aim. Ant, Fail. Stop. Cease. Revert. Re« bate. Miss. Drop. React, v. int. Re, tack, and act. Stw. Recoil. Result Counteract. Vj^ bound. Ant^ Act. Influence. Strike. Im- p;*ess. Read, v. tr. and int, Ang, Sax. redan. Stn. Peruse. Interpret. Discover. Ke- cognize. Decipher. Learn. Ant. Misread. Misinterpret. Overlook Misobserve. Readiness, n. See Ready. Ready, adj. Ang. Sax. rdd, rcede. Applied botti to things and persoQs. Syn. Prompt. Alert. Expeditious. Speedy. Unhesitating. Dexterous. Apt Skilful. Handy. Expert. Facile. Easy. Oppor tune. Fitted. Prepared. Disposed. Willing. Free. Cheerful. Compliant. Re- spoiisiive. Quick. A NT. Unready. Tardy. Slow. Hesi- tilting. Reluctant. Dubi«ating. Awkward. Unhandy. Clumsy. Remote. Inaccessible. Unavailable. Inopportune. Unsuited. Un- fitted. Unprepared. Indisposed. Unwil- ling. Constrained. Grudging. Unaccom- modating. Incorapliant. liTesponsive. Real, adj. Low Lat. ledlis, from res, a thing. It has in law the technical sense of pertainiiig to lands and tenements. Syn. Actual. _ Veritable. Existent. True. Genuine. Developed. AsT. Fictitious In aginary. Unreal Synonyms and Antonyms. 319 Kon-cxistent. Untrue. False. Artificial, l^urious. Connterfeit. Factitious. Adul- terated. Assumed. Pretended. Potential. Possible. Rbalitt, n. See Eeal. Syh. Verity. SubsA-ance. I'ruth. Exist- ence. Genuineness. Substantiality. Ant. Fiction. Falsehood. Untruth. Hypothesis. Supposition. Image. Fancy. Shadow. Figment. Fabrication. Insub- siantiality. Emptiness. Hollowness. Chi- mera. Unreality. EbalizEj v. tr. See Real. Sin, Substantiate. Effectuate. Accom- plish. Exhibit Produce. Acquire. Gain. Heap. Make. Verify. Conceive. Aht. Lose. Miss. Invalidate. Dissi- Ste. Misrepresent Falsify. Neutralize, isconceive. Eeallt, adv. See Eeal. Stn. Veritably. Truly. Indeed. Un- questionably. Ant. Questionably. Possibly. Perhaps, Falsely. Untruly. Fictitiously. Eeaf, v. tr. Ang. Sa^. repan, to seize. Used metaphorically, as, to ' reap a reward.' Stk. Gather. Obtain. Realize. Derive, Gain, Ant, Scatter. Squander. Dissipate. Waste. Lose. Ekab, n. Old Fr. rier, Lat. retro, backwards. SiH, Back. End. Tail. Aht. Van. Front, Face. Ebab, V. tr. Aug. Sax. roeran, to raise. Stn, Eaige, Lift. Elevate, Erect Train. Educate. Instruct Foster. Esta- blish. Construct, Ant. Stifle. Exthiguish. Kill. Depress. Subvert, Demolish. Destroy, Ebason, n, Fr. raison, Lat. ratio. Used for the gift of rea- son, the faculty of reasoning, and the principle of right of judg- ment, or what is consonant with them. Stn. Ground. Account, Cause. Ex- planation. Motive, Proof, Apology. Un- derstanding, Reasoning. Rationality. Right. Propriety. Justice. Order. Object. Sake. Purpose. Ajtt. Pretext. Pretence, Misinterpre- tation. Fajsificatlon. Misconception, Dis- |RW)f, Unreasonableness. Absurdity. Fal- lacy. Irrationality, Wrong, \Tnreason. Impropriety, Unfairness. Folly. Aimless- ness. Unaccountableness. Eeasonablb, adj\ See Ea- tional. Eeassure, v. tr. Re and as- sure. Stn. Rally. Restore. Encourage. In- spirit. Animate. Countenance. Ant, Discourage. Cow. Brow-beat. Intimidate. Discountenance. Eebel, n. Be and helium, war, Stn. Revolter. Insurgent. Ant. Supporter. Adherent. Eebel, v. int. See noun. Eebound, n. Be and bound, from Fr. hondir, to leap. Stw, Reaction. Ricochet. Reverbera- tion. Recoil. Resilience. Ant. Impression. Impact, Collision. Percussion, Eebupf, v. tr. Be and buff, from the Old Fr. Infer y to buffet. Stn. Rebuke. Discouragement Re- pulsion. Check. AwT, "Welcome. Acceptance. Encou- ragement, Ebbukb, v. tr. Der. uncertain. Probably more than one word have been confounded in the syllable huke, as the Fr. bouche, mouth J and Ice), buckaj to subdue. Stn. Reprove. Chide. Rebuff. Cen- sure, Ant. Approve. Encourage. Eulogize. . Applaud. Incite. Eebut, v. tr. Be and Old Fr. hoter, to push or thrust. Stn, Meet. Retort, Annul. Confute. Ant, Accept Sanction, Recognize. Confirm. Ebcal, v. tr. Be and call. Stn, Restore. Reassemble. Revoke. Supersede. Recollect. Remember. C'ancel. Akt. Relegate. Dismiss. Dispense. Delegate. Appoint Commission. Forget. EbcANT, V. tr, Becantare. To, undo or recal a former recitation or formal expression of opinion. Stn, Retract, Unsay, Recal. Revuko, Abjure. Renounce. Akt. Propound. Profess. Assert, lie- clare. Klnunciate. Vindicate. Uuintfiin Hold. Retain. 320 SynothyiHS and Antonyms, Eeoapitttlatb, v. tr. To go over again the heads (capitulum, dim. of caput, a head) of a recent statement. Syn. Summarize. Reaearse. Amt. State. Deliver. Propound. Ebobdb, v. int. Lat. recedere, to go back. Syn. Retire. Withdraw. Retreat. Re- tn grade. Return. Ebb. A^T, Approach, Advance. Flow, Pro- wed. Reoeivb, V. tr. Lat. recipere. Syn. Take. Accept. Admit. Hold. Ant. Give. Impart, Afford. R^ect. Discbarge. Emit. Ebceived, adj. See Receive. Syn. Accepted. Current. Ordinary. Oonimon. Ant. Rejected. Bzceptional, Unusual. Uncommon. EecbnTj adj, Lat. recens. Syn. Late. New. Fresh. Novel. Ant. Ancient Antiquated. Primitive. Archaic. Ebobptaclb, n. Lat, recep- taculum, a place for receivingy from recipere, to receive. Syn. Repository. Lodgment. Reci- pient. Magazine, Store. Case. Berth. Amt. Carrier. Carriage. Conveyance. Discharger. Consigner. Eeception, 7t. See Receive. Syn. Admission. Admittance. Accept- , ance. Acceptation. Entertainment Akt. DeniaL Protest. Repudiation. I Ejection. Ifon-acceptance, Ksmissal. Diacardment. Renmiciation. Abjuration. Recess, n. Lat. recessusj from recedere, to recede or retire. Used physically and analogously, Syn. Cavity. Nook. Withdrawal. Re- tiremtnt Retreat Seclusion. Privacy, Vacation. Holiday. Ant. Promontory. Protrusion. Pro- jection. Publicity, Work-time. Recipient, n. See Receptacle. Eecipeooal, adj. Reciprocvs. SvN. Alternate. Interchanged. Mutual. Interchangeable. Reflexive. The djfference between reci- procal and mutual is mainly in point of time or order. Mutual love is love interchanged betweer two; reciprocal would be love ny turned by one, in return for that of the other. Ant. One-sided. Unreciprocated. Un returned. Reciprocation, n. Recipro- ciTV, n. See Reciprocal. Rbcitb, v. tr. Lat. recitare. Syn. Narrate. Rehearse. Quote. SpeaE. TelL Recount Enumerate, Ant. Misquote. Mlsdeliver. Misr^ count. Misremuuerate. Misrepresent. Reckless, adj. Old Eng. reck, to care, and less, the termi- native privative. Stn. Careless. Heedless. Incautious. Foolhardy. Thoughtless. Rash. Over- ven turesom e. Regardless. Inconsiderable^ Improvident A2«t. Careful. Heedful. Cautious. I'Imid. Chary. Thoughtful. Calculating. Provi- dent Considerate. Wary. Circumspect,. Reckon, v. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. recnan, recnian. Stn. Compute. Calculate. Count Re- gard. Estimate. Value. Account Con- sider. Argue. Infer. Judge. Ant. Miscompute. Miscalculate, Mis- estimate. Misreckun. Misdc-ceive. Reckoning, n. See Reckon. Reclaim, o. tr. Lat. rtclu' ma/re, to reclaim, from re, bach, and clamare, to call : as land from barrenness, or a character from evil habits. Stn. Reform. Recal. Recover. Rescua Restore. Amend. Convert. Better. Ant. Vitiate. Corrupt St«riliza Worsen. Reclaimable, adj. See Re- claim. Srs. Recoverable. Amendable. Oni- gible. Convertible. Improvable. Cultt vable. Redeemable. Ant. Irrecoverable. Incorrigible. Vn* improvable. Reprobate. Desperate. Hopfr less. Irredeemable. Recline, v. tr. and int. Pr, recUner, Lat. recUnare. SrN. Lean. Slope. Rest Repiise. Ant. Erect Raise Rise. Stand. Recluse, adj. Tr. reclm, T^t reciiisus. It is remarkalle, how- Synonyms and Antonyms, 321 over, that the modem word means the contrary of the Latin which means not shut up, but open, re having the sense of the liiglish prefix un; so claudere^ to shut, recludere, to unshut or open. It is used of places and persons. SrN. Shut. Sequestered. Retired. Apart. Solitary, Conventual. Regular. DissociaL Ant. PuMic. Exposed. Frequentt'd. Social. Secular. Unsequestered. Convi- vial. Companionable. Eboognition, n. See Recog- nize. Recognize. Lat. recognoscej^e, SrN. Ideii tify. Acknowledge. A vow. Own. Allow. Akt. Ignore. Overlook. Misohserve. Repudiate. Disavow. Disown. Disallow. Recoil, v. int. Pr. reculer, Lat. re and culusy the hinder parts of the body, and so to fall back- wards. See Rebound. Recollect, v. tr. Lat. re, again, and colligere, to collect. Stn. Recover. Recal. Remember. Ant. Forget. Lose. Recommend, v. tr. Lat. re and commendare. To commend to favourable notice, either as a person or an object, or a line of conduct. Stv. Commend. Confide, Approve. Advise. Ant. Discflmmend. Disapprove. Warn. Dissuade. Recompense, v. tr. Be and cornpensare. To compensate. Syn. Requite. Remunerate. Reward. Indemnify. Satisfy. Repay. Ant, Damnify. Injure. Misrequite. Dissatisfy. Recompense, «. See verb. Reconcilable, adj. See Re- concile. Stn. Congruous. Harmonious. Con- Bisten t. Forgiv ing. AjiT. Incongruous. Antagonistic. In- eoniifitent. Incompatible. Irrecocc£abIe. iBocasftble. Unfoigivli^ Reconcile, v. tr. lie, hack, and concilium^ a council. To restore to union or friendship. Used of the agreement of persons, and of persons with states or opinions. Stn. Unite. Conciliate. Harmonize. Adjust. Adapt. Suit. Reunite. Ant. Separate, Sever. Dissever. "Er^ trange. Disharmonize. Derange, Alienate. Recondite, adj. Lat. recon- dere, to hide. Syn, Deep. Hidden. Abstruse. Pro- found. Concealed. Remote. Ant. Superficial. Obvious. Self-evi- dent. Patent. Fainiliar. Trite. Record, v. tr. Lat. recm^dari, to rpmember. Syn. Register. Enter. Abt. Cblivlate. Silentiate. Suppress. Record, n. See verb. Syn. Registry. Entry. Enrolment. Muniment. Instrument. Archive. Memu- raudum. Remembrance. Ant. Obliteration. Oblivion. Non- registration. Desuetude. Obsolescence. Immemoriality. Disremembrance. Recount, v. tr. He compu- tare. Syn. Rehearse. Recite. Narrate. De- tail. Enumerate, Specify. Ant. Falsify. Misrecite. Misnarrate. Misenumerale. Misrehearse. Recourse, n, Lat recursus. Stn. Reference. Aid. Application. Betaking. Refuge. Amt. Avoidance. Independence, Omis- sion. Abstinence. Dispensation. Disuse. Recover, v. tr. and int. Lat. recuperare. Syn. Regain. Repossess. Resume. Re- trieve. Recruit. Heal. Guie, Revive. Restore. Reanimate. Save. Ant. Lose. Forfeit. Miss. Sacrifice. Deteriorate. Impair. Decay. Decline. Relapse. Recoverable, adj. See Re« cover. Recovery, n. See Recover. Stn. Repopsession. Regaining. Rein- statement. Vindication. Renovation, Re- stitntion. Re-establlshment, Retrieval Rectification. Replacement. Keanima* tion. Resuscitation. Revi- aL Red«c» ilon. 322 Synonyms and Antonyms. Ant. Loss. Forfeiture. Privation. De-- prlval. Sacrifice. Abandonment. Relapse. Retrogreasion. Decay. Declension. Incur- ableness. Ruin. Ekoreant, adj. Lat. recre- dare se, to give one's self up to the mercy of an antagonist^ and cry off battle; hence, a term of igno- miny. , Srw. Apostate. Traitorous. False. Cowai-dly. Unfaithful. Renegade, Base. Kecusiint. Ant. Staunch, True. Faithful. Chi- valrous. Knightly, Gallant. LoyaL Re- doubtable. Recreation, n. Fr. recreer, Lat. recrearCj to create anew, or make fresh. By usage restricted to such relaxation of the mind by amusement ' as tends to re- freshment. Stn, Refreshment. Cheer. Reanima- tion. Amusement. Diversion. Revival. Holiday. Sport. Pastime. Relaxation. Ant. Weariness. Toil. Lassitude. La- bour. Fatigue. Employment. Assiduity. Work. Recriminate, v. tr. and int. See Recrimination. Recrimination, n. Lat. re, hack, and crimtn, an accusation. Stn. Retort. Counter-imputation. Coun- ter-charge, Counter-accusation. . Ant. Acquiescence. Acceptance. Con- fession. Silence. Assent. Avowal. Ebcrtjit, V, tr. and int. Fr. recroitre, Lat. recrescere. Stn. Repair. Refresh. Renew, Pe- itore. Recover. Recreate. Invigorate. Revive. Reinforce. Ant. Waste. Lose. Impair. Relapse. Decoy. Decline, Rectify, v. tr. Hectics, straight or right, and facere, to make, especially with the implied mean- ing of former derangement. Stn. Straighten. Correct. Amend. Emend. Reform, Redress, Regulate. Re- arrange. Remodel. Ant. Pervert. Corrupt Derange. Dis* jrder. Distort. RectilinKAR, adj. Rectus, Uraight, and llnea, a line. Stn. Straight. Undcviating. Right- Lined. Point-blank. Ant. Curvilinear. Deflexed. Winding Tortuous. Curved. Serpentine. Rectitude, n. Lat. rectus. Straightforwardness of character. Stn. Straightforwardness. Uprightness. Conscientiousness. Integrity, Right. Up- righ mess. Incorruptness. Akt. Obliquity. Perverseness. Crooked- ness. Tortuousness. Wrong. Underhanded- ness. Iniquity. ImmoraUty. Impropriety. Depravity. Corruption. Recumbent, adj. Lat. recum^ hens, part, of recumbere, to be down. Stn. Lying. Trailing. Reclining, Pro- strate. Reposing. Horizontal. Ant. Vertical. Erect DLlnclined. Standing. REorR, 0, int. See Recur- rent. Recurrent. Becurrens, part. of recurrere, from re, back again, and currere, to run, especially at stated times. Stn. Returning. Periodic FrequenL Repeated. Reiterated. Intermittent. Ant. Momentary. Continuous. Un- broken, Unintermitted. Sulitaiy. Transi tory. Evanescent. Recusant, adj. Lat. recusare, to declare back, from re and causa, a cause. See Recreant, which, however, has a more unfavour- able sense. Redeem, v. tr. JRedimere, from re, back, and emere, to buy. This may be by any kind of expendi- ture, as pains and labour, beside money. Stn. Repurchase. Regain. Retrieve. Ransom. Liberate. Rescue. Recover Sati.sfy. Fullil. Discharge. Ant. Pledge. Lose. Forfeit. Aban- don. Betray. Surrender. Sacrifice. Redeemable, adj. See Re- deem. Stn. Retrievable. Recoverable. R* servable. Ant. Irretrievable. Irrecoverablfli U wdeercAbbw "iynonyms and Antonyms, 323 Rkdkmption, n. See Eedeem. Stn. Repurchase. Ketrleval. Ransom. Rescue. Recovery. Satisfaction. Fulfil- ment Discharge. Expiation. Compen- satioD, Atonement. Salvation. Indemni- fication. Akt. Forfeiture. Abandonment. Loss. Deprivation. Sacrifice. Betrayal. Damni- fication. Bbdolencb, n. Bedolere, to smell sweetly. Stn. Perfume. Savour. Scent. Odour. Ant. Fetor. Stink, lll-savour. Stench. Ebdouble, v. inU Re and double, from dupUcare. Stn. Augment. Multiply. IntenBiiy. Reiterate. Akt. Diminish. Slacken. Weaken. Reduce. Abate. Redound, v. int. Be and un- da, a wave, followed by the prep. to. Stn. Result, Issue. Tend Accrue. X)utribute. Lead. Incline. Conduce. Amt. Fail. Miss. Swerve. Nullify. Defeat Disappoint. Frustrate. Injure. Redress, v. tr. Lat. rediri- gere, to redirect, or set straight or right again, Fr. redresser, It. ridrizzare. More commonly used of wrongs, but sometimes of the persons wronged. Stn. Fight. Order. Revise. Amend. Rectify. Remedy. Repair. Ant. Aggravate. Impair. Wrong. Worsen. Intensify, Establish. Confirm. Reiterate. Sanction. Deepen. Perpetuate. Reduce, v. tr. Lat. reducere. Syn. Lessen. Diminish. Curtail. At- tenuate. Impoverish. Narrow. Contract. Weaken. Impair. Subdue. Subjugate. Bring. Refer. Subject Classify. Con- vert. Ant. Enlarge. Magnify. Increase. Augment. Produce, lixtend. Amplify. Broaden. Expand. Renovate. Invigo- rate. Restore. Repair, Liberate. Free. Exc : pt. Dissociate. Transform. Reduction, w. See Reduce, Redundant, adj. See Re- dound. Stw. Superfluous. Excessive. Unne- ANT. Requisite. Defective. Necessary. Refer, v. tr. ai.d int. T^at 7'eferre. Syn. Attribute. Associate. Assign. Advert. Connect. Relate. Point. Belong, Allude. Apply. Appeal. Ant. Disconnect Dissociate. Mis- apply. Misappertain. Alienate. Misbe- seem. Disresemble. Referee, n. See Refer. Stn. Umpire. Arbitrator. Ant. Litigant. Opponent. Adversary. Reference. See Refer. Refinement, n. Fr. raffine- ment. Used of refining mate- rially, or the result of such pro- cess, and, analogously, of the free- dom or liberation from what is morally coarse. Stn. Clarification, Purification. Filtra- tion. Sublimation. Polish. El^ance. Cul- tivation. Civilization. SubtUty. Finess&' Sophistry. Ant. Turbidity. Grossness. Foulness. Coarseness. Impurity. Unrefinement. Rude- ness. Inelegance. Boorishness. Broadne.8s, Bluntness. Unsophisticatediiess. Refit, v. tr. Be and fit. Stn. Repair. Rearrange. Reaf^just Reprovide. Reinstate. Reoi'ganize. Ant. Relegate. Disuse. Discard. K»- organize. Dismantle. Reflect, v. tr. and int. Lat. rejiectere^ to turn or bend back. Stn. Return. Image. Mirror. Exhi- bit. Consider. Think, Cogitate. Meditate. Contemplate. Ponder. Muse. Ruminate. Heed. Advert. Animadvert. Ant. Divert. Dissipate. Idle. Dream- Wander. Rove. Star-gaae. Wool-gather. Connive. Disregard. Overlook. Reflection, n. See Reflect. Reflux, n. Be, back, and flUT: Stn. Return. Ebb. Redound, Ant. Flow, Flux. Stream. Reform, v. tr. and int. Be and forma. To form anew. Stn. Amend. Correct. Rectify. Bes* ter. Reclaim. Regenerate. Remodel. Re- constitute. Reorganize. Improve. Ant. Corrupt Vitiate. Worsen. Dcic- riorate. Perpetuate. Stabllitate. Confirm, Impair. Deform. Stereotype. Refraction, n. }te,back, and franytreyfractus, to break, \1 324 Synonyms and Antonyms, Stw. Disradiation. Obliquity. Ant. Xucidence. EectlUneanty. Non- refraction. Refractory, adj\ See Ee- fraction. Breaking aside from Jie line of regulation or right. Stn. Perverse. Contumacious. Stubborn. 5Tnruly. Obstinate. Unmanageable. Mu- tinous. Rebellioi^. Becalcitrant. Ant. Obedient. Docile. Amenable. Manageable. Ebfragablb, adj. Lat. He- fragarij to oppose or resist. Ca- pable of being refuted, as, an ar- gument. Stw. Refutable. Weak. Questionable. Deniable. Fallacious. Ant. Irrefragable. Sound. Indisput- able. Unquestionable. Undeniable. Eefrain, v. tr, and int. The transitive use seems to have be- come almost obsolete. The word originally, to judge from the old French form was (;refraindrej re- /raigner) derived from the Latin refrangere ; but, gradually taking up into itself more and more vividly the idea of refrenare, to hridle back or hold in, is exjjressed by the modern French r^rener. Stn. Forbear. Hold. Abstain. Keep. Ant. indulge. Venture. Continue. Persist, ESFRasH, V. pr. Fr. rafraichir, fraiche,frcs/u Syh. Cool. Refrigerate. lovignrate. ISevive, Reanimate. Renovate. Recreate, /.enew. Ke^-tore. Cheer. Freshen. Brace. Ant. Heut. Oppress. Weary. Burden. Afflict. Annoy. Tire. Fatigue. Exhaust. Debilitate. Enervate. Relax. Eefreshment, n. See Ee- fresh, with the peculiar sense also of food. EefugE, n. Lat. refngium, re and/i((/ere, tofiy. A place to fly to. Stn. Protection. Shelter. Harbour. Asylum. Retreat. Covert. Hospitality. Sanctuary. Hiding-place. Ant. Exposure. Inhospitableness. Peril. Piifaa. Snare. Scylla, Cbaryt4ia. EnruND, V. tr. To paj back into its former fund Stn Repay. Return. Reimbnr;«. Ant, Appropriate. Withhold. Divert. Misapply. Embezzle. Alienate. Misap- propriate. Expend. Misspend. Eefuse, v. tr, and int. The word seems to have been formed partly from refutare and partly from recusare. Syn. Deny. Withhold. Reject. Ant. Grant. Afford. Yield. Concede. Acquiesce. Eefuse, n. See verb. Stn. Offal. Scum. Dregs. Sediment Recrement. Sweepings. Dross. Trash, Offscourings. Debris. Remains. Ant, Cream. Pickings, First -froits. Flower, Prime. Eefutb, V. fr. Lat. refutare. Stx. Negative. Disprove. Neutralize. Ant. Prove. ConQrm. Establish. Eefutable, adj. See Eefate and Eefragable. Eegain, v. tr. Re and gain. Stn, Recover, React. Reprocure. Re- obtain. Retrieve. Ant, Miss. Lose. Forfeit. EegaL, adj. BeqaliSf rex, u. Jcing. Used metaphorically. Stn. Kingly, Roytil. Splendid. Impe- rial. Macnificent, Princely, Ant, Beggarly, Miserly. Mean. Shabby. Eegale, v. It. To entertain in a royal or princely way. Stn. Feast. Entertain. Gratify. De- light. Refresh. Ant. Starve. Stint. Tantalize, EegARD, V. tr. Fr. regarder. To observe, and thence to ob- serve with special interest or affection. Stn Behold. View. Contemplate. Es- teem. Consider. Deem. Aflfeot, Krspect. Value. Conceive. Heed. Ant. M iss. Overlook. Disregard. De- spise. Dislike. Contt-mn. Hate. Loathe. Misconsider. Misconceive. Misestimate. Mi^udge. Ebgarding. See Eegard. Part. used as a prcj). Si-N. Touching. Concerning. Aifi Burring. Ditregardiug. Omitttng, Synonyms and Antonyms. 325 RiBGARDLEas , adj. See Eegard, followed by prep. of. Syn. Heedless. Inconsiderate. Care- less. Disregarding. Indifferent. Despis- ing. Ant. Careful. Considerate. Regardful. Attentive. Prudent. Cautious. Circum- spect Scrupulous.. Mindful. Ebgbnekatb, v. tr. Eegenerare, re and genvsj to cause the stock to spring again, Syn, Reproduce. Renovate. Resusci- tate. Revive. Revivify. Restore. Re- integrate. Amt. Waste. Corrupt, Vitiate. Dete- riorate. Degenerate. Ebgistbb, V, tr, Regerere, vegestus, to carry hachy i.e., to place of record. See Eecord. Ebgrbssion, n. Begredi, re- gressus, to go back. Syn. Retreat. Return. Retrogradatlon. Retrogression. Retirement. Ant. Advancement. FrogreBsion. Ag- gression. Procession. Ebgret, v. tr. Tr. regretter. %TS. Grieve. Lament. Repent. Miss. Desiderate, Deplore. Ant. Welcome. Hail. Approve. Aban- don. Abjure. Forget. Disregard, Eegulab, adj. Lat. regula, a rule. According to rule. Syn. Customary. NormaL Ordinary. Orderly, Stated. Recurrent. Periodical. . li^tablished. Recognized. Formal. Sym- metrical. Certain. Ant. Unu.- able. Remedial, adj. Having tho effect of a remedy, which see. Syn. Sanatory. Sanative. Alterative. Ameliorative. Mitigating. Corrective. Healing, Restorative. Salubrious. Ant. Noxious. Hurtful. £xa<;geratlv^ Confirmative, Morbific. Deleterious. In* duclve. Provocative. Remedy, n. Hemedium, from re, again, and mederi, to heal. Syn. Cure. Re-storative. Couiiteractlwv Bepaiauon, Rt;ditss. Relief. Help. 328 Synonyms and Antonyms, Ant. Evil Disease. Hurt, Infection. Plague. lU. Impalrnjent. Detertoration. Aggravation. Provocation. EemembBr, v. tr, Hememorare, meirtoriii, memory. Syn. Recollect. Recal. Mind. Visit. Ant, Forget. Obliviate. Disregard. Overlook. Reminiscence, n, Reminisci, to remember. Syn. Kemnant. Relic Trace. Savour. Leavings. A>t. Prognostic. Indication. Sugges- tion. Warning. Announcement, Renion- Btration. EbmisBj adj, Bemittere, re- missuSj to let down loosely or care- SfN. Slack. Careless. Negligent. Inat- tentive. Wanting. Slow. Slothful. Idle. Lax. Dilatory. Tardy. Ant. Energetic. Careful. Attentive, Active. Assiduous. Alert. Painstaking. Diligent Strict. Eemissful, adj. See Eemiss. Ebmit, v. tr. See Eemiss. Applied only to the punishment, and not to the person, except in the sense of to send back to custody. Stn, Relax. Pardon. Absolve. Forego. Discontinue. Ant. Increase. Intensify. Enforce. Exact. Ebmittbnt, adj. Abating pe- riodically in force, yet recurring. Stn. Periodic. Recurrent. Akt. Chronic. Continuous. Constant Eemnant, n. Old Tr. rema- nant, Lat. remanere, to remain. See Eemainder. Ebmonstrate, v. vnt. Lat re, again, and monstrare, to show. To draw specific attention to a case, and, as restricted by usage, to something untrue or unjust in it; followed by the prej/. egainst. Syn. Expostulate. Rebel. Protest. Ite- eaicitrate. Object Ajtt. A-^uiesce. Submit Coincide. Ekmoesb, n, JRemordere, mor- sus, to bite again. The biting, as it were, of the conscience, in return for its violation. It is the strongest degree of repentance. Syn. Compunction. Anguish. Self-con- demnation. Ant. Complacency. Self-approvaL Self- congratulation. Ekmobselbss, adj. See Ee- morse. Syn. Cruel. Truculent. Inexorable. KuthtesE. Akt. Mild. Humane, Gentle. Feel- ing. Compunctious. Lenient. Remorseful. Self-condemning. EegrctfuL Compas- sionate. Ebmotk, adj. Hemovere, re- m,otus, to move back or to a dis- tance. Syit. Distant. Indirect. Unconnpcled. Unrelated. Foreign. Alien. Heteroge- neous. Separate. Contingent. Ant, Near. Close. Diiect. Connected. Related. Homogeneous. Imnifdlacr*. Proxi- mate. Essential. Present, Pressing, Ur- gent. Actucd. Eemovb, V, tr. and int. i?e, back, and movere, to move. Syn. Displace. Separate. Abstract. Transport Carry. Migrate. Depart. Ant. Restore. Conserve. Stabilitate. Perpetuate. Establish. Reinstate. Rein- stal. Instal. Fix. Fasten. Stay. Re- main. Dwell. Abide. Stand. Ebmdnerate, u. tr. Be, again, and munus, a reward or gift. Stn. Reward. Recompense, Satisfy. Compensate. Repay. ELequite. Reim- burse. Ant. Defraud. Misrequite. Misrepay. Dissatisfy. Damnify. Ebmdneration, n. See Eemu- nerate. Eend, v. tr. Ang. Sax. ren- dan, to cut. Stn. Tear. Lacerate. Divide. Sepa- rate. Split Disintegrate. Disunite. Ant. Repair. Piece. Patch. Conserve. Unite. Perpetuate. Continuate, Eendbr, v. tr, Fr, rendre, Lat. reddsre. Syn. Give, Present Return. Restore Apportion. Assign. Surrender. DeUrtr. Fdy. liequlte. Synonyms and Antonyms. 329 Ant. E!eep. Retain. Witbhold. Ap- iffopriate. Alienate. Misapportion. Mis- appropriate. Misrequite, BbnXGADEj n. Sp. renegado, Lat. renegare, to deny. Stn. Apostate. Traitor. Deserter. Va- . gabond. Turncoat Recreant Akt. Supporter. Adherent. Defender. Bigot. Zealot. Dogmatist Fanatic. Ebnew, v. tr. Be and new. Stn. Recreate. Restore. Refresh. Re- novate. Rejuvenate. Furbish. Recom- mence. Repeat. Reiterate. Reissue. Re- generate. Keform. Transform. Ant. Impair. Wear. Deteriorate. "Vitiate. Exhaust. Discontinue. Corrupt. Weaken, Defile. Deprave. Ebnitknt, adj\ Lat. reniU, to resiat, Syn. Resistent Elastic. Resilient Reluctant. Stubborn. Tough. Counter- active. Ant. Yielding. Lentous. Flexible. Do- cile. Pliant. Renounce, v. tr, Lat. renun- ttare. Syn. Reject. Abjure. Disclaim. Dis- own. For^o. Disavow. Deny. Quit llesign. Abandon. Recant Relinquish. Repudiate. AsT. Acknowledge. Recognize. Claim. Maintain. Assert Propound. Own. Vin- di&ite. Avow. Profess. Hold. Retain. Defend. Renovate, v. tr. Lat. reno- vare. See Renew. Renown, w, !Fr. renomj Lat. re and nomen, a name. Syn. Fame. Distinction. Note. Nota- bility. Eminence. Celebrity. Glory. Re- putation. Lustre. Honour. Ant. Disgrace. Meanness. Ignoble- ness. Degradation. Taint. Stain. Brand. Discredit. Dishonour. Disrepute. Rent, n. Bee Eend. Stn. Laceration. Rupture. Fissure. Divutsion. Schism. Solutiou. Ant. Suture. Junction. Union, Con- tinuity. Integrity. Reparation. Redinte- gration. Reunion. Consolidation. Rbnunoiation, n, /See Re • nounoe. RfiORaANiZB, V. tr. Be and organize, Gr. opyavov, a member ^ Umh, (»' instrument. Stn. Rearrange. Reconstitute. He- assemble. Ant. Dissolve. Disband. Dissipate. Disperse. Derange. Dismember. Disinte- grate. Rkpair, v. tr., only int. in the sense of to go. Lat. repurare. In the intransitive sense it is another word, derived from repa- triare, for which see Resort. Stn. Restore. Recover. Mend. Akt. Impair. Waste. Wear. Dete- riorate. Injure. Reparable, adj. See Repair. Stn. Recoverable. Curable. Retriev* able. Ant. Irreparable. Incurable. Irretriev- able. Reparation, •«. See Repair, Used literally and metaphori- cally. Syn. Restoration. Repair. Restitution. Comi^ensation, Satisfaction. Amends. In- demnification. Atonement Ant. Injury, Impairment. Deteriora- tion. Waste. Wear. Defectiveness. Dam- nification. Repay, v. tr. Be and pay. Apphed both to persons and the sum repaid, and sometimes in an unfavourable sense. Syn. Remunerate. Reimburse. Re- compense. Reward. Retaliate. Requite. Refund. Amt. Defraud. Misappropriate. Em- bezzle. Waste. Alienate. Extort. Con- fiscate. Exact Repeal, v. tr. Old Fr. rapeler, from Lat. re appellare, to call hack. Stn. Abolish. Revoke. Rescind. Can- cel. Annul. Recal. Abrogate. Reverse. Discontinue. Ant. Continue. Establish. Pass. In- stitute. Sanction. Enact. Perpetuate. Confirm. Repeal, n. See verh. Repeat, v. tr. Lat. repetere. Stn. Reiterate. Iterate. Renew. Cite. Quote. Relate. Rehearcie. Eecapitulatcw Reproduce. Ant. Discontinue. Drop. Discard, Abandon. Ignore. Suppress. ^Isrepeat; Misquote. Misrecite. Misrepresenii Miv interpret. Sliscunvcy 330 Eepel, ";. tr, Lat. force or drive hack. Syn. Repulse. Rq'ect Refuse. Deter. Ant. Promote. Propel. Welcome. Advance. Accept. Encourage. Further. Eepent, V, tr. Lat. pamitere. Syk. Relent. Grieve. Regret. Sorrow, , Rue. Repine. Deplore. Ant, Rejoice, Persist. Eepentai^cb, n. See Eepent. Stw. Penitence. Contrition. Compunc- tion. Regret. Remorse. Self-reproach. Self-condemnation. Amt. Impenitence. Obduracy. Recus- ancy. Hardness. Reprobation. Selt-ap- proval. Eepercussion, n, Lat. re, hack, and percuteref percussus, to strike. Syn. Recoil. Ricochet. Reverberation. RebouDd. Ant. Impact. Stroke. Shock. Colli- sion. Contact. Eepetition, n. See Eepeat. Eepine, v. int. Re and pine, Sax. pinian. Syn. Murmur. Grumble. Complain. Akt. Acquiesce. Submit, hmile. Re- joice. EbpIACE, v. tr. Be and place. To put back to the proper place. A.pplicable to one thing or more than one. Syn. Restore. Supply. Substitute. Re- instate, Rearrange. Re-establish. Ant. Move. Abstract, Withdraw. Re- move. Derange. Deprive. Ebplbnish, v. tr. Lat. re and pUnuSfftiU. Si'N. Fill. Refil. Resnpply. Stock. Satisfy. Fuiniefa. Enrich, . Ant. Waste. Empty. Exhaust. Re- duce. Drain. Impoverish. Ebpletion, n. Lat. replere, repittus, to Jill up. Syn. Fulness. Abundance. Amplitude. Supeiabuudance. Overfulness. A^T. Kxhaubtiun. Emptiness. Want, luanitlou. Ekplt, V. int. Lat. replicare, followed by prep. to. SiN. Replica*je. Answer. Respond. S^nin. Akt. Ignore. Drop. Pretermit. Pass. disregard. Synonyms and Antonyms, •■j to Eeplt, n. See verb. Report, v. tr. Fr. rappcrter, Lat. reportare. Stn. Announce. Relate. Narrate. Re- cite. Describe, DetaiL Commuuicate, Declare. Ant. Silence. Hush. Suppress. Mis- report, Misrepresent. Misrelate. Falsify. Eeport, n. Syn. Announcement. Tidings, Rela- tion. Narration. RecitaL Description. Communication. Declaration. News. Ru- mour. Fame. Repute. Noise. Reverbe- ration. Ant, Silence. Suppression. Misan- nouncement. Fabrication. Noteelessness. Ebpose, v. int. and tr. Fr. re- poaer, Lat. reponere. Syn. Lie. Recline. Couch, Rest. Settle. Abide. Stay. Acquiesce. Lodge. Place. Deposit. Ant. Rise. Stand. Move. Wander, Flit. Flutter. Remove. Tranter. EeposE, n. " See verb. - Syn. Rest, Quiet Stilhiess. Reclina* tion. Tranquillity. Calmness. Peaceful* ness. Kasp. Peace. Quiescence, Ant. Movement. Disquiet. TJnrest. Agitation. Restlessness. Disturbance. Commotion. Tumult. Distraction. Un- Ebprehbnd, V. tr. Lat. repre- hendere. \ Syk. Blame. Chide, Reprove. Cen- sure. Reprimand. Ani'. Praise. Laud. Eulogize. Sanc- tion, Approve. EEPEEHENStBLE, adj. See Eft- prehend. Stn. Blamable. Blameworthy. Cul- pable. Censurable. Reproachable. Re- provable. Objectionable. Ant. T^audable. Praiseworthy. Irre- proachable. Irreprovable. Unexception- ahle. Innocent. Unotjectionable. Eepresent. u. tr. Lat. re and prctse/i s, as if to make present once more. Syn. Portray. Delineate. Reproduce. Exhibit. Personate. State. Describe. In- dicate. Embody. Enact. Illustrate. De- note . Phiy. Dramatize. Resemble. Ant. Misportray. Mlsdellneate. Dis- tort. Falsify. Caricature. Misrepi-esent. Eepresentation, n. See Ua- present. Synonyms and Antonyms. 331 RlPEBSBNTATiYB, n. See Ke- present. Sts. Agent. Commissioner. Proxy. Deputy. Substitute. Embotlimcnt. Per- Bonation. Delegate. Vicar. Vicegerent. Ant. Autocrat Dictator. Rbpkesentativb, adj\ See Eepresent. Eepress, v. tr. Lat. repri- mere, repressus. Syn. Crush. Quell. Subdue. Check. Reutraia. Curb. Overpower. Mitigate, Damp. Calm. Control. AnT. Raise. Rouse. Excite. Agitate. Aggravate. Foment. Intensify. Foster. Encourage. Stimulate. Incite. Fan. Reprieve, n. Lat. reprohare. As it were to send back for a second trial by delaying the sen- tence of the first. It is also tised for absolute acquittal. Stn. Respite. Acquittal. Pardon. Am- nesty. Intennission. Ant. Condemnation. Conviction. Re- prisal. Retribution. Eeprimand, v. tr. Ft. repri- Tnander, Lat. 7'eprimendus, part, pass, of r&primere, to repress. See Reprehend. REPRrsAii,w. Fr. reprise, from reprendrej to take again. SyN. Retaliation. Retribution. Self- compensation. Self-indenmiflcatiun. Ant. Condonation. Grace. Remission, Reprieve. Reproach, v. tu Fr. repro- cher, prockej Lat. prope, near. To bring a man's actions near, or before him. SvN. Blame. Censure. Taunt. Rebuke, Upbraid. Reprobate. Reprove. Anx. Laud. Praise, Approve* Com- mend. Reproach, n. See verb, Rkprobatk, v. tr. Lat. repro- hctre, to disapprove. Applied to conduct as reprove to persons. Stn. CondeniiL Denounce. Am, Sanction. Commeod. Approve. Rki*R0BATB, (fdf. See verb. Not enduring proof or trial, re- jected as worthless. Stn. Abandoned. Castaway. Irredeem- able. Lost. Ant. Hopeful. Redeemable. Salvable. Recoverable. Reprobate, n. See adjective. Sys. Castaway. Villain. RufiSan. Miscreant. Ant. Example. Pattern, Mirror. Mo- deL Paragon. Reproduce, v. tr. Lat. repro^ ducere. Stn. Generate. Propagate. Imi tate. Exhibit. Represent. Copy. Ant. Stifle. Extinguish. Exterminate, Misrepresent. Misportray. Reproduction, n. See Repro- duce. Rbprovablb, adj\ See Re- prove. Reprove, v. tr. Lat. repro- hare. See Reproach, Repudiate, v. tr. Be, hack, BJid pudere, to he ashamed. Stn. Disavow. Disown. Discard. Ab? jure. Renounce. Disclaim. Divorce. AjiT. Avow. Own, Vindicate. Assert, Retain. Vaunt. Claim. Profess. Recog- nize. Acknowledge. Accept, Repugnance, n. See adjective. Repugnant, adf. i?e, against, and pugnanSy part, of pugnare, to fight. Stn. Hostile. Antagonistic. Averse. Reluctant. Unwilling, Irreconcilable. Incompatible. Inimical. Adverse. Con- tradictory. Loath. Heterogeneous. Ant. Friendly. Coincident. Harmo- nious. Compatible. Willnig. Consistent. Homogeneous. Congruous. Repulsive, adj. Fr. repvlsif, Lat. repellerCj pulsus, to drive hack. Stn. Forbidding. Deterrent. Unge- nial. Odiuua. Ugly. Unattractive. Dis- agreeable. Revolting. Ant. CSiarmlng, Agreeable. Attractive, Winning. Captivating. Fascinating. Al- luring. Seductive. Pleasant. Reputable, adj. From re* pute. Lat, re, again, a.iidputare^ to accozint. Syn. Respectable. Creditable. Huno^m ' able. Estimable. 332 Synonyms and Antonyms. Ant. ITnrespectable. Discreditable. Dishonourable. lysgraceftil. Disreputable. Ebputs, n. See Eeputable. Eequest, v. tr. Lat, requirere, reguisitumj Old Fr. requeste, Stn. Ask. Desire. Beg. Entreat. Be- Beech. Petition. Supplicate. Ant. Command. Order. Insist. Di- rpct. Dictate. Enjoin. Require. Demand. Exact. Bequest, n. See verb, Ebquiee, v. tr. See Eequest. Eeqtjital, «. See Eequite. Eequitb, v. tr. Be and quit, in the sense of acquit or pay. To quit is to quiet, or leave quiet. So, to acquit is to discharge, tliereby leaving the mind quiet; and a quittance is a quietance — a sum paid for the quiet of the debtor's mind. The word re- quite is used both of persons and their acts, as, to requite a bene- factor, or a kiadness, or a cruelty. Stn. Repay. Reward. Compensate. Reciimpense. Remunerate. Satisfy. Re- taliate. Punish. Revenge. Ant. Misrequite. Defraud, Condone. Absolve. Pardon. Kesoind, v. tr. ife, bach, and icinderBj to cut or split. SvN. Revoke. Repeal. Annul. Cancel. Recal. Reverse. Abrogate. Ant. Perpetuate, Enforce. Maintain. Re-enact Besoue, v. tr. Lat, re and excutere, to sliake or drive out. Stn. Retake. Recover. Recapture. Liberate. Extricate. Save. Deliver. Pre- serve. Ant. Endanger. Imperil. Betray. Sur- tender. Abandon. Expose. Besoue, n. See verb, Besbaroh, n. A compound of search, "which is the Fr. cJiercher, It. cercare, from the Lat. circctj about. To search, there- fore, is to look about for a thing. The word research is restricted to the process or results of men- tal or intellectual investigation. Stn. Investigation. Inquiry. Scrutiny. Examination. Exploration, T.«aming. Lore. Discovery. Erudition. Elaboration. Elimination. Ant. Ignorance. Superficiality. Sciolism. Misinvestigatiou. Shallowness. Oversight. Inobservance, Bbsbmblance, n. Fr. ressem- hler, of which the root is the Lat. simiHs, like. Stn. Likeness. Similarity, Similitude. Semblance. Renresentation. Portrait. Re- flectiiin. Image. Ant. Unlikeness. Dissimilarity. Dis- resemblance. Difference. Contrariety. Besent, v. tr. and int. Lat. re and sentire^ to feel. To enter- tain a strong feelang against per- sons or their acts, but formerly used in a favourable sense. Stn. Repel. Resist. Rebel. Recalci- trate. Ant. Acquiesce. Submit. Condone. Pardon. Overlook. Besentful, adf. See Besent Stn. Choleric. Malicious. Vindictive. Intolerant. losubmissive. Ant. Meek. Mild. Placable. Tolerant Forgiving, Submissive. Besentment, w. See Besent. Stn. Anger. Ire. IndignatioijL Ani- mosity. Ant. Calmness. Acquiescence. Tolera- tion. Mildness, Endurance. Forgiveness. Beserve, n. Fr. reserve, Lat. re, hack, and servare, to keep. Stn. Reservation. Retention. Limita* tion. Withholding. Appropriation. Coy- ness. Shyness. Backwardness. Secretive- ness. Taciturnity. Modesty. Restraint. Akt. Abandonment. Non-rt-servation, Surrender. Absoluteness. Openness, Frank- nes-i. Forwardness. Pertness. Trans- parency. Undlsguise. Shamelessness. Iv discretion. Unrestraint. Beserved, adj. See Beserve. Beside, v, int. See Besidence. Besidence, n. Lat. resid,ere, to rest ar stay. Used also of the place of abode. Stn. Stay. Sojourn. Occupation. Aboda Pemoctatloo. I.'ieeUiug. LocaUoa Synonyms and Antonyms, 333 Akt. Migration. Travel. Locomotion. AbeoTiteeism. Non-residence. Alibi. Eesident, adj. See Residence. Eesident, n. See Residence. Syn. ^Occupant. Dweller. Tenant. Sojourner. Inhabitant. Akt. Stranger. FoMigner. Visitor. EBfliDUB, n. Lat. residuum, from residere, to settle down or remain behind. See Remainder. Resign, v. tr. Besignare, re, Mckj and signumj a sign or seal. Stn. Surrender. Abandon. Return. Withdraw. Abdicate. Submit. Leave. Relinquish. Forego. Renounce. Ant. Retain. Claim. Appropriate. Vindicate. Grasp. Resignation, «. See Resign. S"nr. Surrender. Relinquishment. For- saking. Abandonment. Abdication. Re- nunciation. Submission. Acquiesence. Patience. Endurance. Abt. Retention. Claim. Appropriation. Vindication. Grasp. Resistance. Rebel- lion. Murmur. Dissatisfaction. Discontent. Contumacy. Contention. Prot^taiion. Re- monstrance. Resist, v. tr, and inf. Lat. resisterej to stand out. Stw. Withstand. Oppose. Hinder. Check. Thwart. Rebuff. Ant. Encourage. Promote. Aid. Ad- vance. Help. Succour. Acquiesce. Sub- mit. Suffer. Allow. Tolerate. Permit. Resistance, n. See Resist. Resistible, adj. See Resist. Stn. Weak. Refutable. Nugatory. Trifling. Childish. Worthless. Ant. Overpowering. Irresistible. Irre- fragable. ' Resistless. Overwhelming. Con- clusive. Resolute, otf^/. Lat. resolutus means lax, from resolvere, to take to pieces. The English idea of resolution is that determination to act which follows upon a care- ful taking to pieces of a matter in the mind. So usage has intro- duced a modern meaning of re- solute which is the opposite of the ancient. Sth. Determined. Decided Steadfnst. ^Ixei. Steady. Constant. Persevering. Dogged. Stout. PertinacJctis, Enci^etla Unshaken. Undeviating. Unflinching. Ant Undetermined. Undecided. Weak. Inconstant. Unenergetia Fitful. Vacil- lating. Irresolute. Dubious. Shilly-shftUy. Capricious. Variable. Ductile. Resolution, n. See Resolute. Stn. Separation. Decomposition. Ana- lysis. Unravelling. Disentanglement. Dis- integration. Conversion. Firmness, &c., aa under Resolute. AjflT. Aggregation. Composition. Union. Amalgamation. Integrity. TotjUity. In- corporation. Synthesis. Collocation. Con- servation. Entanglement. Confusion. Con- glomeration. Resonant, adj. Lat. resonans, part, of reso7iare, to resound. Stn. Resounding. Sonorous. Musical. Metallic. Vibratory. Acoustic. ShrilL Loud. Sharp. Vocal. Ringing. Ant. Mute. Silent. Dead. Dumb. Muffled. Wooden. Voiceless. Stifled. Non-resonant. Resort, v. int. Old Fr. ressort, from resurgere, surrectus, a spring- ing up of opportunity and means, followed by the prep. to. Stn. Repair. Fly. Retire. Retreat Aht. Shun. Ignore. Avoid. Discard. Resort, n. See verb. Stn. Assembly. Betaking. Repairing, Haunt. Frequentation. Employment. Re- course. Ant. Shtmning. Avoidance. Forsaking, Abandonment. Desertion. Resound, v. int. See Resonant. Stn, Ring. Reverberate. Re-echo. Re^ spond. Ant. Whisper. Murmur. Breathe, Mutter. Hum. Resources, n. Commonly used in the plural. Resource ia from resurgere, to spring up. Stn. Means. Material. Productions. Supplies. Kxpedients. Device. Con- trivance. Wealth. Riches. Akt. Destitution. Barrenness. Inani- tion. Exhaustion. Lack. Drain. Non- plus. Poverty. Sterility. Respect, v. tr. Lat respicere. respectuSj to regard. Stn. Notice. Regard. Honour. Prefer Venerate. Akt. Overlook. Disregard. Dishonoa* Despise. Contemn. Respect, n. See verb. 334 ■bynonyms and Antonyms. 8rN. Tteference. Relation, Regard, Honoui, Ilef'erence. Ant, Irrelativeness. Disregard. Con- tempt. Dishonour. Insult. Contumely. Disrespt< t. RkspkctablKj adj. See Re- Bpect. SrN. Worthy. Good. Considerable. Laudable. Akt. Unworthy. Bad. Unrespectable. Mcati. Inconsiderable. Eespeotivb, adj. See Respect. Syk. Relative. Appertaining. Akt. Absolute. Irrespective. RespitEj n. Lat. respectuSj Old Fr. respit. Regard, con- sideration, expectation, then de- lay or breathing-time. S-^,e Re- prieve. Resplendent, adj. Lat. re~ &plendeiis,part. of resplendeo. Syn. Brilliant. Gorgeous. Luminous. Glittering. Flashing. Burnished. Ant. Dead. Dull. Lustreless. Sombre. Respond, v. int. Lat. respon- dere. Stn. Answer. Reply. Rejoin. Corre- spond. Tally. Accord. Meet. Akt. Propound. Disagree. Disaccord. Jar. Differ. Response, n. See Respond. Responsivsi, adj. See Re- spond. Stn. Answering. Correspondent. Echo- ing. Sympathetic. Obedient. Ant. Alien. Unsympathetic, Strange. Irresponsive. Rest, n. Saxon rest. Syn. Quiet. Repose. Cessation. Tran- quillity. Peace, Security, Pause. Interval. Intermission. Ant. Tumult. Commotion. Agitation. Disquiet. Unrest. Insecurity. Continuity. Uninterruptedness. Progression. Restless- ness. Rest, n. Tr. reste^ Lat. restare. See Remainder. Restitution, n. Lat. resti" tuere. Syn. Restoration. Return. In- demnification. Repai'ation. Compensation. Amends. Ant. Fraud, Deprivation. "Wa >ng. Bobbery Abfiti-action. li^ui^. Restive, adj. Old Fr. restif, from restarej to stuTid back, Stn. Stubborn. Obstinate. Recald trant. Ant, Docile, Manageable. Tractable. Restless, adj. See Rest. Syn. Unquiet. Uneasy. Disturbed. Sleepless. Agitated. Roving. Incessant, Tossing. Ant. Calm. Quiet. Reposing. StilL Motionless. Restoration, n, Lat. restau- ratio. Sytk. Recovery. Replacement. Re- newal. Renovation. Redintegration. lie- establishment. Return. Revival. Reb- titu tion. Reparation, Compensation. Amends, Ant, Loss. Lapse. Forfei t u re. Dis- placement. Deterioration. Impairment Deprivation. Abandonment. Departure. Injury. Waste. Abstraction. Seizure Wrong, Restorative, adj. See Re- storation. Syn. Cnmpensatory. RemediaL Repa- ratory. Invigorating, Ant. Exhaustive. Debilitating. Wast- ing. Consumptive. Restore, v. tr. Lat. restaurare, Syn. Return. Replace. Refund. Re- pay. Reinstate. Re-establish. Renew. Repair. Recover. Heal. Cure. Refresh. Ant. Abstract. Remove. Displace Appropriate. Alienate, Deprive. Impair. Wound. Injure. Dilapidate. Shatter. Restrain, v. tr. Old Fr. re- straindrej Lat. restringtrCj re- strictus. Stn. Check. Repress. Hinder. Limit. Confine. Restrict. Withhold. Curb. Coerce. Prohibit. Narrow. Circumscribe Reduce, Ajst. Promote. Advance. Urge. In cite. Aid. Liberate, indulge. Loose Vent. Amplify. Enlarge. Expand. Ex- tend. Restraint, Restrict, v. t. n. See Restrain, from restrict in more especially nected with the of men. See Restrain. )\, Restriction Restrain differs being applicable to matters con- will and actic-iija Synonyms and Antonyms. 335 Besult, v. int. Ft. resuUer, Lat. resultare, from resilirej to rtbound. Stk. Tenninate. End. Ensue. Event- uate. Ant. Originate. Arise. Precede. Spring. Commence. Start. Begin. Eesult, n. See verb. Syn. Termination. End. Issue. Effect. Consequence. Product. Fruit. Develop- ment. Conclusion. Eemainder. Ant. Beginning. Commencement Ini- tiative. Cause. Rise. Spring. Origin. Operation. Causation. Tendency. Pro- duction. Antecedent. Premonition. Prog- nostic. Indication. Kestjme, V. tr. Lat, resumerej to take again. Stn. Recommence. Renew. Ant. Drop. Discontinue. Intermit. Interrupt. Kesumption, n. See Eesume. Eesurrection, n. Besurgere, resurrectus, to rise again. Used also metaphorically. Syn. Rising. Renovation. Resuscitation. Regeneration. Ant. Deatli. Burial. Interment. Ex- tinction. Resuscitate, v. tr. He, again, and suscitare, to summon vp, Stn. Revive. Re-excite. Reanimate. Relnvigorate. Revivify. Ant. Extinguisli. Lay. Prostrate, Quencli. Retain, v, tr. Lat. retinere. Syn. Keep. Hold. Restrain, Ant. Abandon. Forfeit. Surrender. Retaliate, v. tr. Be, again , and t'alisj such. To requite such a mode or measure of treatment as one has received, but re- stricted by usage to an unfavour- able sense. Syn. Avenge. Retort. Repay. Re- quite. Ant. Pardon. Condone. Forgive. Retaliation, n. See Reta- liate. Syn. Revenge. Repayment. Retribu- tion. Requital. Reprisals. Reciprocation. Ant. Pardon. Condonation. Forgive- o«x«. Remission. Rbtari>, f . tr. Be and tardus, slow. Svn. Impede. Clog. Hinder. Obstruct Delay. Ant. Accelerate. Expedite. Promote. Quicken. Retention, n. See Retain. Retentive, adj. Having the power of retaining. Syn. Preservative. Close. Tenucioua. Mindful. Ant. Loose. Leaky. Oblivious. Reticence, n. Beticentia, from reticere, re and tacere, to be sihnt, Syn. Reserve. Silentness. Refrain, Repressiveness. Ant. Unreserve. Abandon. Garrulity. P'reedom. Retikue, n. Ft. retenir, to retain or engage. The company of engaged attendants. Syn. Retainers. Attendants. Suite. Pomp. followers. Tail. Satellites. Escort. Ant. Non-attendance. Unatateliness. Solitariness. ESTIRE, V. int. Fr. retirer, to draw back. Syn. Withdraw. Retreat. Depart. Se* cede. Shrink, Repair. Ant. Approach. Advance. Retirement, n. See Retire. Stn. Solitude. Privacy. Departure, Seclusion. Recess. Concavity. Retreat. Ant. Publicity. Approach. Advance. Prominence. Protrusion. Convexity. Retort, n. Lat. retorquere; retortuSj to tvnst back, i.e., his own sally or argument upon another. Syn. Rejoinder. Replication. Repartee. Reciprocation. Retaliation. Reply. An- swer. Art. Concession. Confession. Acquies- cence. Acceptance. Retort, v. tr. See noun. Retract, v, tr. and int, Be- tractare, from retrahere, to draw back. Stn. Withdraw. Recal, Revoke. 'Hb- say. Disavow. Recant, Abjire. £» r.ounce. AUT. Reiterate Repeat, 336 Synonyms and Antonyms, Retractation, n. See Re- tract. Rbtkbat, v. int, Fr. retrairej to imt/idraiu. Stn. See Retire. Retreat, n. See verb. Used iilso for the place of retreat. Stn. Retirement. Departure. Witb- irawal. Seclusion. Solitude. Privacy. Asylum. Shelter. Refuge. Recess. Ant. See Retirement. Retrench, v. tr. Old Fr. re- trencher j to cut back. Stn. Reduce. Abbreviate. Diminish. Limit. Contract. Curtail. Lessen. Econo- mize. Ant. Enlarge. Increase. Extend. Ex- pand. Multiply. Amplify. Augment. Retrenchment, w. See verb. Retribution, w. Lat. retri- huere, to give back or assign a punishment to an offence. Re- stricted by present usage to this ■unfavourable sense. Syn. Penalty. Repayment, Reward. Compensation. Punisbmeiit. Visitation. Ant. Condonation. Remission. Pardon. Reprieve. Non-retribution. Sparing. Retrieyablb, adj. See Ee- trieTc. Syn. Recoverable. Redeemable, Hope- ful. Salvable. Refonnable. Amendable. Ant. Hopeless. Desperate. Irredeemable. Irrecoverable. Reprobate. Lost. Irre- formable. IJnamendable. Retrieve, v. tr. Fr. retrouver, to find again. Stn. Recover. Regain. Rescue. Re- pair. Restore. Akt. Lose. Forfeit. Abandon. Betri^. Surrender. Impair. Deteriorate. Retrogression, n. Ijat. re- trogredi, gressus, to stepbackwards. Used metaphorically. Stk. Retreat. Retirement. Decline, Relapse. Ant. Advance. Progress. Improve- ment, Amelioration. RETROSPECT, n. Lat. retro- spicerCj spectuSy to look back. Sts. Review. Survey. Recollection. RemlniBoenco. Reconsideration. Ant. Prognostication. AntinjTatioii. Speculation, Forecasting. Pi-ophecy, Pn> spect. Return, o, tr. and ird. Fr. retourner. Syn. Recur. Revert, Reappear. Re- pay. Requite. Recompense. Retaliate. Kender. Restore. Yield. Produce. Ant, Depart. Remove. Vanish, Dis- appear. Retain. Appropriate. Misappro- priate, Alienate. Withhold. Reveal, v. tr. BeveVxre, to unveil^ re, hack, and velunif a veil. Stn. Unveil, Disclose. Show. Com* municate. Divulge. Disrover. Expose. Ant. Hide. Obscure. Conceal Suppress Cover. Cloak, Revel, v. int. Old Fr. revel, noise, resistance, Lat. rebellare, and SO another form of rebel, to carouse noisily. Stn. Carouse. Feast. Banquet, Luxa< riate. AV allow. Ant. Fast, Abstain. Nauseate. Revelation, n. See Reveal. Revelry, n. See Revel. Revenge, n. Lat. revindv- catio. Stn. Retaliation. Vengeance. Retribu- tion. Requital. Ant. Condonation. Pardon, Com- passion. Remission. Revenge, v. tr. See noun. Revengeful, adj\ See Re- venge. Stn. Vindictive. Unforgiving. Un- com passionate. Spiteful. Resentful. Ant. Unvindictive. Forgiving. Com- passionate. Unresentful. Generous. Chi- valrous. Revenue, n. Old Fr., from revenir, to return. Stn. Income. Pi-oduce. Return, PrO" ceeds. Fruits. Wealth. Enrichment. Ant, Outgoings, Expenditure. Waste, Deductions. Exhaustion. Expense. Im- poverishment. Reverberate, v. int. Bevei^ berare, from re, back, and verh&* rare, to beat or lash, verber, a ktsh, Syn. Echo. RecoiL Reflect. Revert Resound. Ant. Strike. Impinge. Beat. Synonyms and Antonyms. 337 Reverberation, w. See Ee- verberate. Eevbrenob, n. Lat. rever • entia, Sys. Honour. Awe. Veneration. Adoration. Deference. Devotion. Respect, Worsiiip. Homage. Ant. Dishonour. Contempt. Slight. Irreverence. Contumely. Contumacy. Ebverib, n. ¥1., from reoer, to dream. Syn. Dream. Day-dream. Trance. Vision. Phantasy. Ideality. Wool-gather- ing. Wandering. Musing. Akt. Study. Attention. Diligence. Application. Keveese, V. tr. Lat. revertere, versus. Stn. Invert Derange. Counterchange. Akt. Order. Arrange. Place. Collo- cate. Range. Eeveese, n. See Eeverse. It has the peculiar sense of a counterchange of fortune from good to bad. Stn. Inversion. Derangement. Counter- change. Counterposition. Opposition. Con- ti'ariety. Contradiction. Alteration. Change. Mutation. Rear. Back. ~Kvolu- tlon. Counterexhibition. Ant. Veniion. Arrangement. Sequence. Order. Collocation. Position. Perpetua- tion. Continuance. StabilUy. Identity. Uniformity. Regularity. Obverse. Front. Eeveesible, adj. See Ee- verse. Stn. Changeable. Exchangeable. Countercbangeable, Alterable. Mutable. Revocable. Discretional. Ant. Perpetual. TTnalteratle. Tin- changeable. Irreversible, Absolute. 0n- discretional. Eevert, V. int. Lat. revertere. Syn. Return. Accrue. Reaccrue. Recur. Akt. Depart. Eschbat. Ignore. Drop. Dismiss. Discard. EevibWj v. tr. Fr. revue, from revoirj to see again, Lat. revidere. Stn. Reconsider. Revise. Examine. Survey. Inspect, Ant. Discard. Dismiss. Overlook. Skim. Disregard. Misexamine. Ekvil», V, tr. To treat as vile. Stk. Reproach. Slander. Calumniate. Vilify. Abuse. Blaspheme. Ant. Flatter. Compliment. Eulogtxe. Panegyrize. Laud. Extol. Eevise, V. tr, Lat. revisere from revidere. See Eeview. Eevive, y. tr. and inf. He and vivas, alive. To bring or return to life. Stk. Reanimate. Revivify. Resusci- tate. Refresh. Reassure. Recover. Awake. Live. Ant. Extinguish. Kill. Depress, fj- haust. Discourage. Droop. Fade. Wither. Decline. Die. Eevivepy, v. tr. He, again, and vivificare, from vivus, alive, and /acere, to make. Ekvooable, adj. See Eevoke and Eeversible. EbvokBj v. tr, Lat. revocare, to call hack. Stn. Recal. Withdraw. Cancel, Annul. Akt. Sanction. Enact. Perpetuate. Enforce. Reiterate. Renew. Ebvolt, v. int. Fr. revolter, Lat. revolverej volutus. Stn. Rebel. Stru^le. Kick. Resist. Rise. Recalcitrate. Akt. Acquiesce. Obey. Submit Ebvolt, n. See verh. Stk. Insurrection. Sedition. Rebellion. Mutiny. Akt. Submission. Acquiescence. Loy- alty. EevoltinGj adj. feeling of revolution. Stn. Shocking. Repulsive. Offensive. Horrible. Hideous. Abhorrent Akt. Attractive. Genial. Pleasing. Charming. Captivating. Ebvoltttion, n. Lat. revolvere, volutus, to turn hack. Stk, Rotation. Periodicity, Return. Change. Alteration. Revulsion. Revolt Reconstitution. Emeute. Akt. Fixity. Permanence, Stability, Conservation. Allegiance. Stabilitation. Perpetuation, Suppression. Eevolvb, v. tr. See Eevolu- tion. Used metaphorically of examining in the mind. 338 Synonyms and Antonyms. Stn. Conlemplate. Turn, Consider. Weigh. Ponder. Examine. Ant. Discard, Disregard, Diemiss. Mi£CODsider. Revulsion, n, Lat. revdlere, vulsus, to pull hack. Syn. Revolution. Abhorrence. Es- trangement. Antagonism. Ant. Coincidence. Harmony. Acqui- escence. Sympathy. Reconcilement. Fa- miliarity, Reciprocity. Ebward, v. tr. The same word as Eegard, the gu of the French p-mtrder being represented by the English w. Now restricted to a favourable sense. Syn. Compensate. Honour. Decorate. Remunerate. Ant. Punish. Mierequite. EiOH, adj. Ang. Sax, ric, Fr. riche. Used in many analogous senses. Stn. Wealthy. Opulent. Affluent. Abundant. Generous. Productive. Copious, Fertile. Fruitful. Valuable. Costly. High- flavoured. Luscious. Oleaginous. Vivid, Deep. Bright. Superb, Gorgeous. Ant. Poor. Impoverished, Impe- cunious. Needy. Indigent. Reduced. Ex- hausted, Unproductive. Scanty. Niggardly. Barren. Sterile. Unfruitful, Valueless. Tasteless. Watery. Pale. Beggarly, Nude. Bald. Cold. EiCHES, n. Fr. ricliesse. Stn. Wealth. Opulence. Affluence, Wealthiness. Richness. Pienty. Abund- ance. Treasure. PosBessions. Ant. Poverty. Pauperism, inpecuni- osity, NeedinesB. Indigence. Destitution, Necessi ty. Lack. Privation. Beggaiy. Insolvency. Eiddanob, n. Old Eng. red, modern rid, to deliver. Stn. Quittance. Dispensation. Libera- tion. Escape. Ant. Entanglement Burden. Nuisance. Annoyance. Riddle, n. Ang. Sax. rcedan. Germ, rathen, to counsel. Stn. Puzzle, Enigma. Ambiguity Problem. Paradox. Akt. Solution. Explanation. State- ment. Proposition. Axiom. EiDiOULE, n. Lat, ridiculus, to he laughed at, from ridere, to iuuglu Stn. Derision. Banter. Raillery. Biir« lesque. Caricature. Mockery, licny. Satire. Sarcasm. Jeer, Sneer. Cactain* nation. Disrespect. Akt. Veneration. Respect. Deference, Salutation, Honour. Homage. KiDiCULB, V. tr. See noim. EiDicuLOTTS, adj\ See Eidi- cule. Sin. Laughable. Ludicrous. Droll, Contemptible. Preposterous. Alsurd, Grotesque. Trifling. Trivial. Ant. Serious. Grave. Important. Weighty. Considerable. Venerable. Im- posing. Majestic. Eight, n. Ang. Sax. riht, Lat. rectus, from regere, to rule or direct. That which obeys the law of truth, justice, or propriety. Stk. Rectitude. Correctness. Straight- ness. Integrity. Justice. Truth. Pro- priety. Fitness. Suitableness. Claim. Power. Privilege. Ant. Wrong. Incorrectness, Crooked- ness. Ferverseness. Disintegrity. Injustice. Falsehood. Impropriety. Unfitness. Usurp- ation. Encroachment. Force. Violence. Right, adj. See noun. EiGHTEOUS, adj. See Eight Stn. Upright. Just Godly, VirtuoM, Uncorrupt. Rightful, Equitable. Truth- ful. Conscientious. Ant. Unrighteous. Perverse. Evil, Unjust. Ungodly. Vicious. Corrupt Wrongful. False. Unconscientious. Un- principled, Urgustifiable. Abandoned* Profligate. Dishonourable, Unfair, EiGHTEOUSNESS, n. See Eight- eous. EiGiD, adj. Lat. rigidus. Used physically of material, and me- taphorically of moral, disposi^ tion. Stn. Stiff. Unpllant. Unflexible. Stub- born . Tough. Stark. S launch. U n- swerviiig. lixact, Unbendmg. Undeviat- ing. Austere. Ant. Pliant Docile. Flexible. Varia- ble. Mild. Lenient. Inexact. Yielding. Inconstant. Inconsistent EiGOUR, n. See Eigid. EiOT, n. Old Fr. riote. Stn. Noise. Uproar. Tumult Revel Disturbance. Turbulence. Aw-r. Pence. Pacification. Sobriety Quiescence. Ordcilinesa. Synonyms and Antonyms, 339 K-PE, adf. Ang. Sax. ripe. Syn. Mature. Perfect. Developed, Full. Complete. Advanced. Matured. Seasoned. Consummate. Ready. Prepared. Mel- lowed. Concocted Ant. Green. Raw. Crude. Immature. ]*rnmature. Imperfect. Undeveloped. Blighted. Withered. Unseasoned. Sour. Unready. Unfit. Unprepared. Unmel- lowed. BiSEj V. int. Ang. Sax. risan. Stn. Ascend. Mount. Float. Soar. Grow. Arise. Tower. Slope. Emerge, Appear. Spring. Originate. Extend. Ex- pand. Swell. Increase. Excel. Prosper. CUmb. Ant. Descend. Decline. Sink. Drop. Dimmish. Fall. Subside. Crouch. Nestle. Dip. Set. Wane. Vanish. Disappear. Terminate. End. Deboucb. Contract. Decrease. FaiL EiSTBLE, adj. Eisihilis, ridere, to laugh. See Eidiculous. EiSK, n. Old Fr. risque, Sp. riscOj a precipice. Stn. Ha;zardL Danger. Peril. Ex- posure. Jeopardy. Ant. Safety. Security. Insurance. Protection, Prophylactic. ElSK, V, tr. See noun, BiTEj n. Lat. ritiLs. Any usage established by law, pre- eept, or custom. Stn. form. Custom. Ceremony. Ob- servance. Usage. Celebration. Ant. Inobservance. Disuse. Obsolete- ness. Non-observance. Non-celebration. Desuetude. Exval, n. Bivcdis, from rivas, a river. A dweller on the banks of the same river, yet of a dif- ferent nationality. Stn. Antagonist. Competitor. Co-suitor. Ant. Adherent. Supporter. Comrade. Ooa^jutor. NeutraL Rival, v. tr. See noun. Stn. Emulate. Challenge. Equal. Con- tend. Strive. Cohipete. Ant. Succumb. Surrender. Yield, Pro- mote. Beverence, Retire. Defer, EivALRV, n. See Rival. Roam, v. int. Old Fr. romierj It. romerOf romeo, a pilgrim. SfW. Wander. RoTe. Range. Stroll BAmbl& Stray. Saucier. Ant. Hurry. Speed. Fly. Uastea Press. Rob, v. tr. Old Fr. rcber. Germ, rauhen. Stn. Plunder. Deprive. Denude. Strip. Pillage. Defraud. Cheat. Impoverish. Ant. Compensate, Endow, Enrich- Invest. Indemnify. Robber, n. See Rob. Stn. Thief. Depredator. Plunderei. Freebooter. Brigand. Pirate. Ant. Guard. Escort. Protector. RoBB, V. tr. Fr. rohe. Conn, with rob. Either originally a skin stripped from an animal, or garmente taken in war. Stn. Invest Array. Clothe. Deck. Drape. Ant. Divest, Disrobe. Unclothe. De- nude. Strip. Robust, adj. Lat. rohusfus, from roburj oakj strength, Stn. Strong. Lusty. Sturdy. Sinewy. Muscular. Hale. Hearty. Vigorous. Sound. Iron. Ant. Weak. Frail. Puny. Fragile. Weakly. Delicate, Sickly. Rogue, n. Probably conn. with the Fr. roder, to wander. SvN. Vagabond. Scamp. Rascal, &c. Ant, True-penny. Gentleman. Roguery, n. See Rogue. Stn. Trickery. Cheating. Chicanery. Swindling. Vagabondism. Mischief. Fraud. Knavery. Ant. Honesty. Integrity. Honour. Up« Tightness. Conscientiousness. RoLLioKiNa, adj. Prob. made np of the words roll and frolick. Stn. Roysterlng. Frolicsome. Hoy- denish. Blustering. Ant. Staid. Sedate. Demure, Romance, n. A composition of poetry and fiction written in the Romanesque languages; that is, the languages of modern Europe mixed with the Roman or Latin. Stn. Fable. Fiction. Novel. Marvel. Rhapsody. Rodomontade. Gasconade. Balderdasb. Amx. Histoiy Nai-rative. Truth. Fact, z2 340 Synonyms and Antonyms. RoMANTiCj adj. See Romance. Stn. Fabulous. RhapBodical. Fictitious. Sentimental. Ant, Historical. Literal. Truthful. Unrcmantic, Unvarnished. Unadorned. Room, n. Ang. Sax. rum. Stw. Space. G round. Compass. Ex- tent. Locality. Opportunity. Capability, Occasion. Margin. Capacity. Admission. Ant. Restriction. Limitation. Con- finement. Incapability. Exclusion. Neu- tralization. Root, n. Dan. rod. Allied to Lat radix, and Grr. ptfa. Used metaphorically. Stn. Radix. Radicle. Stem. Origin, Source, Spring, Rise. Commencement. Parent. Ant. Branch. Ramification. Outcome. Product. Issue. Progeny. Rooted, adj. See Root. Stn. Fixed. Established. Grounded. Based, Inveterate. Domiciled. Naturalized. Installed. Ant, Unestablished. Insecure. Uncer- tain. Wavering. Unsettled. Oscillating. Dubious. Precarious. Superficial. Specious. Propped. Bolstered. Shored, Rot, n. Ang. Sax. rotian, to putrefy, Stn. Putrefaction. Corruption. Decay. Putrescence. Mouldiness, Mildew. Ant, Integrity. Wholesomeness. Sound- ness. Vigour. Preservation. Healthiness. Sweetness. Purity, Rotation, n, Lat. rota, a wheel. Stn. Turn. Series, Order. Succession. Revolution. Course. Reversion. Recur- rence. Ant, Simultaneity. Perpetuity. Con- stancy. Non-intermittence. Contempo- raneousness. Rotten, adj\ See Rot. Rotundity, n. Having more or less the character of round- ness. BotunduSf round. Stn. Roundness. Cotvesity. Circularity, fipherloity. Globosity. Prominence. Pro- tuberance. Intumescence. Ant. Concavity. Flatness. Angularity. Rough, adj. Ang. Sax, hreow, and other forms. Germ, rauch. Stn. Uneven. Harsh. Bristly. Sccbro^u. ttngf^ed. Knotty. Unpolished. Boisterous. TempeBCuonB. Straiuy. Coarse. Sibogg/. Disordered. Unrefined. Uncourteous. Rndek Unshaped. Churlish. Blunt. Ant. Even. Smooth. Level. Pulisbed Glabrous. Glossy. Glassy. Silky. Sleek. Velvety. Calm. Tranquil. Refined. Courteous, Courtly. Shapely. Shaped. Finished. Oily. Specious. Round, adj. See Rotundity. Rouse, v. tr. Conn, "with Raise, which see. Stn. Wake. Excite. Agitate. Startle. Surprise. Ant. Compose. Allay. Calm. Soothe, Quiet. Repress. RouTiNB, n. ¥v. route, path, way, road. Stn, Round. Course. Succession. Order, Rule. Custom. System, Sequence. Gra- dation. Rotation. Stereotype. Prescrip- tion. Tenor. Uniformity. Method, Set- tlement. Regulation. Ant. Casualty. Chance. Lottery. For- tune. Impulse. Interest. Individuality. Merit. Spontaneity. Alterableness. Mar- gin. Deviation. Modification. Rove, v. int. Conn, "with Rob, Stn. See Roam. Row, n, Ang. Sax. raw, Stk. Series. Order. Rank. Sequence, Continuation. Continuity. File. String. Concatenation. Thread. Aj4T, Dissociation. Disconnection. Rup- ture. Intermission. Hiatus. Solution. Failure. Gap. Discontinuance. Dissolu- tion. Inconsequence. Derangement. De- viation. Flexicm, Deflexion, Irregularity Sinuosity. Flexuosity. Rubicund, adj, Lat. rubicunr dus, rubescere, to grow red, rubes, red. Stn. Ruddy, Flushed. Red. Sanguine, Blushing, Ant. Pale, Wan. Pallid. Exsan- guineoua. Ruddy, adj, Aug. Sax. ruder, redness J rud, reod, read, red. See Rubicund. RuDB, adj. Lat. ritdis. Ini- tiatory, incomplete. Stn. Impertinent. Ron^h. Uneven. Shapeless. Unfashloned. Artless. Ud> SoUsbed. Uncouth. Inelegant. Rustic, oarse. Vulgar. Clownish. Raw. Un- skilful. Untaught. Illiterate. Ignorant. Uncivil, Saucy. Impolite. Ixcpudent. Insolent. Surly. Currish. Churlish. BnitaL Uncivilized. Barbarous, Savage. Vialent Synonyms and- Antonyms. rnmnltaons. Tirbulent Impetuous. Boisterous. Harsh. Inclement. Severe. Insulting. Grrotesque. Barbaric. Archaic. Ant, Modest. BashfuL Civil. Cour- teoi^. Ceremonious. Deferential. Smooth. Even. Artistic. Polished, Fashioned, Courtly. Elegant High-wrought. Polite. Accommodating. Considerate. Refined. Gentle. Peaceful. Calm. GeniaL Balmy. Halcyonic. Serene. Placid. Modem. Modish. Fashionable. RuDiMENTj n. Lat. rvdimen- twrtij from rudis. Stn. Principle. Be^nning. Germ. Seed. Embryo. Element. Nucleus. Initiation. Commencement. Ant. Perfection. Completion, ' Deve- lopment. Expansion. Organization. Fruit. Maturity. Consummation. Product. Issue. Eudimental, adj\, Budimen- TARY, adj. See Huditnent. The difference of these two adjectives consists in their application. Eu- dimental is subjective, Rudimen- tary, objective. So a rudimental education, a rudimentary leg or wing in anatomy, implying that it was not fully organized or de- veloped. EuB, V. tr. Aug. Sax. hreowan. See Eepent. EuFFLB, V. tr. Old Eng. ruff. Equivalent to rough. Stn. Wrinkle. Roughen. Discompose. Disturb. Agitate. Disorder. Derange. Disarrange. Confuse. Excite. Ant. Smooth. Allay. Equalize. Com- pose. Quiet. Arrange. Calm. Stroke. Conciliate. Bugged, adj. From the root of rug. Eough. Sts. Uneven. Bristly. Shaggy. Rough. Wrinkled. Rude. Harsh. Hard. Crabbed. Severe. Austere. Surly. Turbulent. In- clement. Bluff. Blunt, Untutored. Churl- ish. Unpolished. DiflBcult. ■ Ant. Even. Smooth. Polished. Gla- brous. Silky. Glassy. Refined. Fine. Finished. Soft. Mild. Courtly, Courteous. See'Rade. EuiN", n. Lat. ruina, from mere, to fall. Stn. Fall. Destmctlon. Defeat. Over- throw. Lapse. Collapse. Desolation. Downfall Perdition. Subversion. De< ay. 341 Decadence. Prostration. Dilapidation Disorganization. AsT. Rise. Success. Prosperfty. Sal* vation. Rescue. Recovery. Stabilitation. Conservation. Regeneration. Revivifica- tion. Reparation. Renascence. Organiza- tion. Construction. Etjle, n. Lat. regula, Stn. Regulation. Law. Precept. Maxiiti. Guide. Canon. Order. Method. Direction. Control. Government. Decision. Deter- mination. Habit. Ant. Irregularity. Nonconformity. Ex- ception. Deviation. Eccentricity. EuMiNATE, V. int. Rumen, the cud. To chew the cud of thought. Syn. Muse, Meditate, Ponder. Think. Reflect. Cogitate. Brood, Ant. Unbend. Relax. Idle. Gape. Wool-gather. EuMOUR, n. Lat. rumor. Stn. Report. Repute. Hearsay. Pub- lication. Bruit. Ant. Authentication. Verification. Proof. Evidence. Notoriety. Rumple, v. tr. Dutch rim- pelen, rompelen. Stn. RufQe. AVrinkle. Pucker. Corru- gate. Derange. Roughen. Ant. Smooth. Flatten. Arrange, Run, v. int. Ang. Sax. rinnan. Stn. Course. Go. Speed. Hasten. Hurry. Fly. Rush. Escape. Retreat. Pass. Proceed. Flow. Ooze. Leak, Melt. Fuse. Confuse. Blend. Extend. Reach. Work, Operate, Traverse. Tend. In* cline. Ant. Walk. Saunter. Lounge. Drag. Stay. Stop. Halt. Hobble. Resist. Hold. Stanch. Stand. Fail. Drop. Expire. Disincline. Hesitate. EuPTUBB, n. Lat. ruptura, rumpere, ruptus, to break or burst. The act or condition of bursting. Stn. Breaking. Bursting. Tearing. Laceration. Partition. Disruption. Breach. Dissolution. Fracture. Break. Severance. Disseverance. Discerption. Disorganization. Separation. Dilaceration. Dismember- ment. Ant. Union. Uniting, Healing. Fusion. Amalgamation. Coalition. Suture. Jimc- tion. Reunion. Rural, adj. Lat. rus, ruris, the country. Stn. Countryfied. Rustic. Agrlcul 342 Synonyms and Ardonyma. tnral. Bucolic. Verdant. Sylvan, Grassy. Ajcadian. Pastoral. Ant. Urban. Oppidan. Civic. EuBH, V. int. Ang. Sax. hris- cian, to shake ; hrysc, a bursting or rushing in. Syw. Speed. Course, Dash. Charge. Drive Fly. Burst. Ant. March. Saunter. Lag. Retreat. Halt. Hesitate. EusT, n. Aug. Sax, rust. The oxide of iron. Used metaphori- cally for inactivity, and the signs of it. Stn. Corrosion. Crust. Drosg, Indo- lence. Inactivity. Decay. Canker. Inac- tion. Ant. Polish. Attrition, Use. Action. Operation. Activity. Exercise. Industisy. BuSTiOj w. Busttcus, belonging to th e country J from rus, the country. Syn. Clown. Boor. Clod. Swain. Lout. Booby. Ant. Beau. Savant. Dandy. Man of the world. EtrsTiO, adj. See noun, Stn. Rural. Agricultural. Bucolic. Nomadic. Sylvan. Verdant. Pastoral. Rude. Awkward. Unpolished. Clownish. Clumsy. Rough. Coarse. Plain. Unso- phisticated. Simple. Artless. Primitive. Ant. Urban. Oppidan. Civic. Fashion- able. Modish. Elegant, Sophisticated. Refined. Courtly. Polished. EusTioiTT, n. Bee Eustic. EusTLE, n. Ang. Sax, hrist- lan. ^ Stn. Quiver. Whisper. Susurration. Murmur. Sighing. Ant. Hubbub. Blast. Din. Racket. Crashing. EuSTT, adj. See Etist. EuTHLESS, adj. Devoid of ruth, that is, sorrow, pity, ten- derness. SxN. Unpitylng. Unrelenting. Trucu- lent Unsparing. Ant. Tender. Regretful. Lenient. Com- passionate. Torbearing. Long-suffering. EuTlLANT, adj'. Mutilans^ from rutHaie, to make or he composed of \ a red colour. To bnm with a red flashing light. Stn. Igneous. Flammiferous. Flaming Blazing. Coruscant, Meteoric, Flashing. Scintillant. Ant. Glowing. Incandescent, Gleam* ing. S. Sable, adj. From the animal SO called. Called by Marco Polo zibeline and zomboline. Prob, the Russian sobolji. Stn. Dark. Black. Sombre. Ebon. Ant. Bright. Light White. Ivory. Saoebdotai,, adj\ Sacerdos, dotis, a priest. Stn. Priestly. Hierarchical. ClericaL Ant. Laic. Congregational Sack, v. tr. Fr. See Plunder. Stn. Plunder. Pillage. Ravage. Waste, Spoil. Ant. Spare. Indemnify. Protect, Pre- serve. Sacred, adj'. Lat. sacer. Stn. Holy. Divine. Hallowed. Con- secrated, Religious. Inviolable. Ant. Unholy. Common. Profane. Un- consecrated. Saobifiob, v. tr. Sacer and facere. Used in the analogous sense of abandon at a loss. Stn. Offer. Immolate. Destroy. Sur- render. Forego. Ant. Reserve. Retain. Appropriate. Withhold. Sacrifice, n. See verb. Stn. Offering. Oblation. Immolation. Surrender. Destruction. Atonement Pro- pitiation. Appeasement. Expiatiou. Ant. Reservation. Appropriation. Re- tention. Salvation. Rescue. Offence. Transgression. Sad, adj. Ang. Sax. sad. Of old meant no more than sedate. Stn. Heavy. Grave. Dull. SorrowfLL Mournful. Gloomy. Dejected. Depressed. Cheerless. Serious. Downcast Grievous. Melancholy. Saturnine. Ant, Light. Light-hearted. Cheerful Joyful. Joyous. Gay. Glad. Exhilarat* ing. Exhilarated. Happy, Blithe. Saddle, v. tr. Ang. Sax. sadid. Conn, with sit and sedei $. Used Synonyms and Antonyms, 343 in the sense of placing something irksome upon another ; to saddle a thing upon a person ; to saddle a person "with a thing. Syk. Impose. Burden. Load. Shackle. Clog. Cbai^. Encumber. Ant. Eid. Relieve. Exonerate, Dls- corden. Liberate. Disencumber. Safb, adj. Old Fr. sauf. Stk. Secure. UnendangeTed. Secured. Sure. Protected. Impregnable. Ant. Insecure. ImperiUed, Dangerous. Hazardous. Exposed. Sagacious, adj. Sagax. Sin. Intelligent D^rimlnating. Shrewd. Penetrating. Sapient Ant. Dull. Obtuse. Unintelligent. Stolid. Undisceming. Sage, n. Fr. sage, Stn. Philosopher. SavanL Literate. Amt. FooL Imbecile. Dolt. Block- head. Saintly, adj, Lat. sanctum. Like a saint. Stn. Pure. Holy. Spiritual. Heavenly- minded. Pious. Grodly. Ant. Impious. Impure. Unholy. Un- spiritual. Ungodly. Carnal. FouL Worldly. Earthly-minded. Sinful. Salient, adj. Saliens, part. of salire, to leap or come forth quickly. Stn. Projecting. Springing. Jutting. Abutting. Prominent. Conspicuous. Im- portant. Noteworthy. Ant. Retreating. Retiring. Returning. Rebated. Unimportant, Minor. Incon- siderable. Subordinate. Sallt, V. int. Fr. saillir, Lat. scdire. Syw. Burst. Start. Issue. Ant. Retire. Retreat. Withdraw. Salubrity, n. Lat. saluher, from salus, health. Stn. Healthiness. Healtbfulness. Wholesomeness. Salutariness. Ant. Unwholeaomeness. Unhealthiness. Insalubrity. Salutary, adj. See Salubrity. Salutation, n. See Salute. Salute, x\ tr. Solus, health. To wish health, Stk. Hail. Compliment. Accost Wel- come. Greet. Ant. Ignore, icisult. Pass. TAsTefford. Dishonour. Scom. Affront Salvation, w. Low Lat. saU vatiOy from salvus, safe. Stn. Preservation. Saving. Rescue. Deliverance. Ant, Destruction. Perdition. Damna- tion. Salvb, V. tr. Ang.-Sax. seal- fan. Stn. Heal, Cure. Mollify. Redress. Remedy. Mend. Relieve. Ant. Wound. Hurt. Irritate. Injure. Aggravate. Scarify. Same, adj'. Ang. Sax. same. Stn. Identical. Ant. Other. Different. Sample, n. Lat. exemplum,. Another form of example. Stn. Specimen. Pattern. Illustration. Case. Exemplification. Scantling. Ant, Exception. Deviation. Abnormity. Monstrosity. Variety. Nondescript. Hy- brid. Nonsuch. Sanatory, adj. Lat. sanare, from sanus, to heal. Sanatory is conducive to healing; sanitary, to health. Stn. Curative. Sanative. Remedial, Therapeutic, Hygienic. Ant, Morbific. Pestilential. Noxious. Unwholesome. Pernicious, Sanctification, n. See Sanc- tify. Sanctify, v. tr. Lat. sanctus, holi/jfacere, to make. Stn, Consecrate. Hallow, Celebrate, Purify. Justify, Sanction. Ratify. Ant. Desecrate. Profane. Misobserve. Pollute. Disannul. Sanction, n, Sandio, from sancirCt to ratify. Stn, Rectification. Authorization. Authority. Countenance. Support Seal, Allowance. Ant. Nullification. Disallowance, Dis- countenance. Prohibition. Sanction, v. tr. See noun. Sanctity, n. See Sanction. Stn. Holiness. Sacredness, Godlinesi Piety. Solemnity. Aht. Unholine^s. Profaneness. U* godliness. Impiety. Secularitv 344 Synonyms and Antonyms. Sanctuary, n. Lat. sanctua- riwrrtj from sanctiis. Used in the sense of refuge, a privilege of sanctuary. Stn. Shrine. Adytum. Asylum. Re- fuge. Security. Protection. Inviolability. Akt. Pitfall. Trap, Snare. Betrayal. Violation. Extradition, Sanguinary, adj. Lat. san- guiSj hlood. Stn. Bloody. Traculent. Bloodthirsty. Murderous. Ant. Lenient. Moderate. Chivalrous. Generous. Sparing. Forbearing. Sanguine, adj. See San- guinary. Stn. Warm. Ardent. Lively. Ani- mated. Hopeful. Confident. Trustful. Ant. Cold. Frigid. Desponding. Dis- trustful. Croaking. Misgiving. Suspi- cious. Cautious. Un venturesome. Timid. Anxious. CifBdent. Solicitous. Sanitary, adj. Sanitas, health. See Sanatory. Sanity, n. See Sanitary. Stn. Rationality. Soundness. Reason- ableness. Lucidity. Wisdom. Ant. Insanity. Madness. Lunacy. Derangement. Alienation. Dementation. Hallucination. Folly. Sapid, adj. Lat. sapidus^ from sapere, to taste. Stn. Tasty. Relishing. Savouiy. Ant. Dry. Flavourless, Distaeteful, Nauseous. Sapidity, n. See Sapid. Sapient, adj. Lat. sapieTis. Stn. Sage. Sagacious. Knowing. Wise. Discerning. Ant. Foolish. Undiscernlng. Blind. Stolid. Sarcasm, n. Gr. aapKaa-fios, from a-dp^i o-apKoSf thejiesh, biting, as it were, of the very flesh. Stn. Gibe. Jeer. Satire. Ridicule. Taunt. Sardonlcism. Ant. Eulogy. Compliment. Panegyric. Eulogium. Sarcastic, adj'. See Sarcasm. Satanic, adj'. Heb. sdtan, an adversary or accuser. Stn. Fiendish. Devilish. Infernal. Ant, a Dgelic. Seraphic. Heftveuly. Satk, v. tr. Old Germ, saltan, to satiate. Stn. Satiate. Glut. Surfeit. Ant. Stint. Starve. Satellite, n. Lat. satdles, itisj an attendant planet. Used poetically and facetiously for an attendant, especially an obse- quious one. Stn. Attendant Follower. Subordi- nate. Shadow. Associate. Hanger-on, Second. Ant. Leader. Principal. Satiate, v. tr. See Sate. Satire, n. Lat. satura. Scan. lanXj a dish of varieties, a medley composition which took the cha- racter of invective. Stn. Invective. Sarcasm. Burlesque. Lampoon. Pasquinade. Irony. Ridicule. Ant. Eulogy. Panegyric. Laudation. Satirical, adj. See Satire. Stn. Cutting. Poignant. Sarcastia Bitter. IronicaL Invective. Ant. Complimentary. Flattering. Lau- datory. Panegyric. Eulogistic Satisfaction, n. Lat. satlsj enough, and/acere, to make. Com-* prising the ideas of being and ol making content. Stn. Contentment. Content. Compla- cency. Pleasure. Recompense. Compen- sation. Amends. Remuneration, Indem- nification. Atonement. Ant. Discontent. Grievance. DissaliS" faction. Pain. Vexation. Annoyance, Injury. Wrong. Fraud. Robbpry. Obli- gation. Demand. Claim. Damnification. Transgression. Offence. Satisfy, v. tr. See Satisfac- tion. Stn. .Satiate. Content. Sate. Please, Fill. Gratify. Suffice. Recompense. Com- pensate. Remunerate. Indemnify. Assure. Convince, Meet. Fulfil. Ant. SUnt. Starve. Deprive. Dissa- tisfy. Tantalize. Half-satisfy. Annoy. Displease. Defraud. Deprive. Injure. Cheat. Shake. Disown. Repudiate, Stagger. Pore. Embarrass. Puzzle. Saturate, v. tr. Lat. satur, full. Synonyms and Antonyms. 345 Srs. Soak. Impregnate. lufuse. Steep, gate. Aht. Wring. Drain. Exsiccate. Dry. flivert. Empty. Deprive. Disimprcgnate. Saturntnb, ad). Having the disposition attributed to those born under the planet Saturn, as jovial and martial. Sto. Dull. Heavy. Grave. Phleg- matic. Gloomy. Leaden. Sombre. AST. Jovial. Gay. Light-hearted. Joyous. Bright. Merry. Sauot, adj. Fr. sauce, Low Lat, salsa, salt pickle. Used me- taphorically. SrH. Pert. Forward. Impudent. Inso- lent. Disrespectful. Aht. Deferential. Civil. EespeotfuU Fair-spolien. Glazing. Mealy-mouthed. Obsequious. Servile. SniveUing. Slavish. Satjntbk, V. int. Commonly derived from sainte terre, to move slowly, as pilgrims to the Holy ijand; sometimes sans terre, as mendicants without property or home. Perhaps conn, with the Germ, schlentern, to wander idly. Syk. Roam. Loiter. Linger. Stroll. Wander. Lag. Dawdle. Aht. Speed. Course. Press. Hasten. Drive. Push. Scramble. Savage, adj. Pr. sauvage, Ital. salvatico, from sylva, a wood. Grown up wild in the woods. Stn. Ferocious. Ferine. Wild. Un- cultivated. Untamed. Untaught. Un- civilized. Unpolished. Rude. Brutish. Brutal. Heathenish. Barbarous. Cruel. Fierce. Inhuman. Truculent. Pitiless. Mer- dleas. Murderous. Violent. Malevolent. Abt. Mild. Docile. Domesticated. Tame. Tractable. Meek. Timid. Shrinls- ing. Cultivated. Tamed. Taught. Civi- lized. Educated. Refined. Christianized. Polished. Humane. Generous. Chival- rouB. Merciful, Clement. Forbearing. Courtly. Subdued. Self-controlled. Savb, v. tr. Fr. sauver, Lat. salvus, safe. SiH. Preserve. Rescue. Secure. Re- serve. Spare. Hinder. Obviate. Prevent. Snatch. Catch. Economize. Husband. Amt. Lose. Betray. Abandon. De- stroy. Surrender. Impose. Facilitate. Promote. Induce. Occasion. Cause. Miss. Expose. Imperil. Endanger. Risk. Waste. Lavlab Saviour, n. See Save. Savouet, adj. Lat. sapor. See Sapid. Sav, V, tr. Ang. Sax. secgan, seggan, Stn. Utter. Tell. Speak. Pronounce. Declare. Assert. Repeat. Rehearse. Re- cite. Judge. Ant. Suppress. Secrete. Silentiate Repress. Misdeclare. Misrecite. Misde- llver. Missay. Ml^udge. Mispronounce. Sating, n. See Say. The na- ture of it is to be short. SxN. Assertion. Maxim. Proverb. Dic- tum. Declaration. Speech. Byword. Saw. Aphorism. Apothegm. Aht. Dissertation. Disquisition. Essay. Ratiocination. Rigmarole. Yarn. Circum- locution. Scandal, n. Gr. aKavSaKov, a trap-spring. An offence against society, or the rumour of it. Syn. Ofifence. Reproach, Disgrace. De- famation. Libel. Detraction. Slander. Calumny. Opprobrium. Ant. Eulogy. Fame. Honour. Re- spect. Credit. Scant, adj. Ang. Sax. scorned, scened, part, of scoenan, to break, wound, or mutilate. Stn. Short. Insu£Bcient. Mean. Nig* gardly. Stingy. Narrow. Limited. Chary. Sparing. Ant. Full. Ample. LiberaL Gene- rous, Bountiful. Unmeasured. Scantling, n. Fr. echantiUon, See Sample. Scab, n. Dan. skaar, a cut or Stn. Cicatrix. Blemish. Mark. Dio- figurement. Ant. Obliteration. Eifecement. Scarce, adj. Old Fr. escars, Ital. sarso, Sp. escaso, from the Lat. excerptus, picked out. Stn. Rare. Infrequent Inabundant Precious. Choice. Few. Wanting. Sparse; Ant, Common, Frequent, Abundant Valueless, Thick. Plentiful. SoAROiTT, n. See Scarce. Stn. Deficiency, Lacii. Want. Deartb Rarity. Infrequency. Ant. Plenty. Abundance. Frejaency, 346 Synonyms and Antonyms. SoAEJi, V. tr. Scotch skar, tkari, to take fright, Icel. shirra, to drive away, Germ, scheren, to drive away. Sot. Terrify. Affright. Intimidate. Frighten. Deter. AiJT. Reassure. Encourage. Entice. Mlure. SOAEIFT, V. tr. Pr. scarifier, Gr. (TKaoKpos, a stile. Stn. Gut. Scratch. Incise. Irritate, rorment. Akt. Heal. Salve. Soothe. MolUfy. Scatheless, adj. Aug. Sax. scedh. Scath. Stn. Unhurt. Unscathed. Uniiyured. Undamaged. Whole. Sound. Aht. Wounded. Injured. Damaged. Scatter, v. tr. Ang. Sax. scateran, allied to sceddan, to shed. Syn. Strew. Sprinkle. Disperse. Spread. Broadcast. Dissipate. Squander. Ant. Collect. Accumulate. Heap. Gather. Save. Husband. SOBETICISM, n. Gr. o•Ke^^tr, from (TK.iwTcadai, to consider. Sra. Doubt. Unbelief. Infidelity. In- credulity. Ant. Faith. Belief. Credulity. Scheme, n. Gr. trxruia, form. Syn. Plan. Project. Design. Contriv- anc?. Purpose. Draft. Proposal. Device. Plot. Ant. Miscontrivance. Bungle. Mis- trrangement. Blunder. ScHEMma, adj. See Scheme. Schism, n. Gr. a-xia-iia, from (rx'fm, to cut or rend. The offence against Christian union, as heresy against Christian doc- trine. Sra. Division. Separation. Disruption. Secession, Diversity. Breach. Sec- tarianism. Dissent. Discord. Ant. Unity. Integrity. Catholicity. Communion. Scholar, n. Low Lat. scho- laris, from schola, a school. Either one possessed of scholarship or one who learns, as distinct from teaching. Syn. Pupil. Learner. Disciple. 8t» dent. Schoolman. Savant. GownSBuaa Linguist. ^ , _ Ant. Master. Teacher. Preceptor, Professor. Ignoramus. Dunce. Science, n. Lat. scientia. Syn. Knowledge. Information. SlciU. Experience. Expertness. Comprehension. Understanding. Investigation. Truth. Ant. Ignorance. Inexperience. Un- familiarlty. Incomprehension. Error. Fal- lacy. Empiricism. Smattering. Sciolism. Scientific, adj. See Science. Sciolism, «. Lat. scidlus, dim, of scius, knowing. Scion, n. Fr. scion, for sicion, from Lat. secare, to cut. A cut- ting. Syn. Slip. Off-shoot Cadet. Branch, Child. Ant. Stem. Stock. Parent Root Scoff, v. int., followed by prep. at. Icel. skuppei; to laugh at, Germ, schuppen, to impose upon. Fries, schof, sport. Stn. Sneer. Mocli. Jibe. Jeer. Con- temn. Scout Deride. Ridicule. Ant. Compliment Salute. Respect Honour. Scold, v. tr. and ini. Dutch schelden. Stn. Chide. Rail. Brawl. Rebuke. Abuse. Ant. Praise. Encourage. Compliment Laud. Flatter. Scope, ■«. Gr. a-Kcmos , from (TKeTTTecrdai, to view. Stn. Aim. Object Mark. End. De- sign. Purpose. Intention. Drift Room. Occasion. Opportunity. Liberty. Ant Avoidance. Non- intention. Pre- termission. Inadvertence. Accident Aim- lessness. Deviation. ScoKN, V. tr. Old Fr. escome, affront, escorner, to humiliate, Lat. ex and cornu, as it were to break off the horns. Stn. Contemn. Despise. Slight Ito dain. Disregard. Sibilate. Vilipend. SpniBi Scout. Ant. Honour. Regard. Esteem. V«« nerate. Respect Salute. Appland. Scorn,, n. See verb. Synonyms and Antonyms. 347 SoouNDEEii, n. Perhaps for teumbrel, from scumher, scwmmer, to dung. A worthless fellow. Sra. ViUain. Vagabond. Beprobate. Ant. Maa of honour. GeuUeman. SOOTJB, V. tr. Aug. Sax. smr, a scouring. It has the metapho- rical sense of to traverse rapidly. Srs. Purge. Cleanse. Rinse. Scrub. Ant. Soil. Begrime. Besmear. FonL Pollute. Defile. Dirt ScoTOGE, n. It. scoreggia, Jr. escourgee, excoriatum, ex and corium, leather, a thong or strap. Used metaphorically for an in- fluence of visitatioUj evil, or ptmishment. SyN. Punishment. Bane. Curse. Un- doing. Visitation. Ant. Blessing. Hedemption. Saving. Beward. Benefaction. ScoimrfrGS, n. See Scour. Stn. Offal. Dregs. Lees. Off-scour- ings. Refuse. Dross. Scum. Ant. Cieam. Elite. Pickings. Bloom. Flower, SooTJT, V. tr. Dutch schutten, to oppose. See Scorn. Scowl, V. int. Low Germ. tchulen, to squint. Stn. Frown. Discountenance. Brow- treat, Lower. Glower. Ant. Smile. Encourage. Coimteuauce, SOEAGGT, adj. Irish and Gae- lic, scrdbach, rough, rugged. Stn. Jagged. Lean. Bony. Baw Angular. AsT. Plump. Fat. Bound. Hounded. Scramble, v. tr. Dutch and Germ, sclirammen, to scratch. Stn. struggle. Huny. Bustle. Ant. Lag. Dawdle. Loiter. Saunter. Scramble, re. See verb. Stn. Hurry. Bustle. Struggle. Confu- sion. Turmoil. Ferment. Commotion. Bear-garden. Babel. Vortex. Ant. Order. Orderliness. Arrangement. Leisureliness. Method. Uniformity. SOEAP, n. Icel. skrap, a crack- ing. Trifle. Stn. Scantling. Piece. Morsel. Bit. Forlion. ScEAPH, V. tr. Aug. Sax. scre^ pan. Stn. Grate. Abrade. Confricate. Easp Scratch. Mark. Groove. Ant. Lubricate. Polish, Levigate. Dig Indent. Wound. SoEATcfi, V. tr. For the Old Eng. cratch. See Scrape. SoEEEN, «. «. Heighten. SynonymB and Antonyms, 353 Settlement, n. See Settle. Syn. Subsidence. Dregs. Residuum, precipitation. ColonizaCioD. Location. Colouy. AnT. Excitement Perturbation. Tur- bidity. Fluctuation. Sever, «?. tr. Old Fr. sevrer, Lat. separate, Syn. Separate. Divide. DL<^oin. Dis- tlDgiiish. Part Discommunicate, Except. Disconnect Akt. Unite. Conjoin. Confound. Con- fuse. Amalgamate. Associate. Inchide. Connect Several, adj. See Sever. Syn. Separate. Distinct Diverse. Various. Different. Ant. One. Same. Identical. Jndistiu- guisbabie. Inseparable. United. TotaL Integral. Severe, adj\ Lat. severus. Syn. Serious. Austere, Stem. Grave. Strict. Harsh. Rigid. Rigorous. Sharp. Afflictive. Distressii^. Violent Extreme. Exact CriticaL Censorious. Caustic. Sar- castic. Cutting. Keen. Bitter. Cruel. Ant. Gay. Smiling. Cheerful. Re- laxed. Jocose. Jocund. Joyous. Mild. Genial. Indulgent Light. TrivlaL Trifling. Inconsrderable. Inexact. Loose. Uncritical. Lenient Inextreme. Moderate. Kind. Considerate. Feeling. Tender. Gentle. Shabby, adj. Dutch scTiabhig, Germ, schahen, to shave, Tom, ragged, and so of kindred mean- ing to paltry, which, see. Shackle, n. Ang. Sax. scaml^ iceacul. Syn. Fetter. Gyve. Chain. Obstruction. Embarrassment. Ant. Aid. Assistance. Subsidiary. Belp. Shackle, v, tr. See noun. Shade, n. Ang. Sax. scadu. Allied to Gr. o-Kid, a shade, and a-KOTos, darkness. Used in ana- logous senses, Syh. Shadow. Adumbration. Umbrage. Darkness. Sombreness. Obscurity. Se- clusion. Protection. Shelter. Screen. Oscuro. Minuteness. Touch. Degree. Ant. lllumiuatinn. I^igbt. Daylight. Sunshine, Brightness. Radiance. Glare. Publicity. Defencelesanesg. Exposure. Cbiaro. Amount. Largeness. Gonsider- tl>lcnegs. (Quantity, Shade, v. tr. See noun and Screen. Shadow, n. See Shade. Add. Syn. Umbration. Delineation. Reflec- tion. Image. Sham. Unreality. Unsub- etantiality. Immateriality. Phantom. At- tendant Ant. Body. Substance. Materiality. Form. Principal. Shadowy, adj. See Shadow. Shake, v. tr. and int. Dutch schokken, to jolt. Comp. Shock. Syn. Agitate. Weaken. Loosen. Trem- ble. Jar. Quiver. Shiver. Ant, Secure. Fix. Fasten. Strengtheau Stabilitate. Confirm. Stand. Shallow, adj. The adjective seems to have been formed from the noun shallow, conn, with shoal and shelf. Syn. Shoal. Slight. Superficial. Un- profound. Ant. Deep. Profound. Sham, n. Prov. Germ, schemen, schem, a delusion or phantom. Syn. Phantom. Ghost. Delusion. II lusiou. Mockery. Shadow. Pretence, Counterfeit. Unreality Ant. Substance. Reality. Verity. Substantiality Truth. Shame, n. Ang. Sax. scamu. It is used to express the feeling of shame, the act of putting to shame, and the ground of shamo or disgrace. Syn. Abashment. Humiliation. Modesty. Shamefacedness. Decency. Decorum. Re- proach. Dishonour. Ignominy. Contempt. Degradation. Discredit. Dispraise. Ant. Shamelessness. Barefacedncss. Immodesty. Impudence. Indecency. In- decorum. Impropriety. Honour. Glory. Exaltation. Renown. Credit, Shameful, adj. See Shame. Shameless, adj. See Shame. Shape, v. tr. Ang. Sax. sca- pan^ sceapan, sceppan. Syn. Form. Mould. Figure. Adapt. Delineate. Ac^ust Contrive. Create. Ex- ecute. Make. A2*T. Pervert. Distort. Misadapt Mis- deliiieate. Derange. Discfimpose. Mis- contrive. Misproduce. Caricature. Mis' 2 a 354 Synonyms and Antonyms. ShapEj v. tr. See noun, Bhapblkbs, adj\ See Sh^-pe. Stw. Amorphous. Unformeti . Form- less. Cbaottc. Shadowy, Undefined. Monstrous. Misshaped. Ugly. Uneym- metrical. Rude. Uncouth. Grotesque. Ant. Comely, Shaped. Formed. Shapely. Compact. Trim, Neat. Well-defined. Handsome. Symmetrical. Shapely, adj. See Shapeless. Share, n. Aug. Sax. scearu^ scaru. Stn. Portion. Apportionment. Lot, Division. Participation. Allowance. Allot- ment. Amt, "Whole. Mass. Aggregate. En- tirety. Share, v, tr. See noun. Sharp, adj\ Ang. Sax. scearp. Stw. Thin. Fine. Keen. Acute. Pointed. Aculeated. Penetrating. Pungent. Acid. Shrill. Piercing. Afflictive, distressing. Harsh. Severe. Eager. Active. Ardent. Sore, Hard. Animated. Spirited. Ant. Thick. Blunt. Dull. Obtuse. Knobbed. Rounded. BlufP. Mellow, Bass. Hollow. Deep. Light. Trifling. Trivial. Mild. Gentle. Soft. Tender. Lenient. Sluggish. Inactive. Indifferent. Careless. Spiritless. Tame. Shatter, v. tr. and int Ang. Sax. scaferan. Stn. Split. Dissipate. Disrupt, Rend. Demolish. Shiver. Dismember. Disin- tegrate. Ant. Construct. Organize. Collocate. Fabricate. Compose. Rear. Constitute. Shed, v. tr. Ang. Sax. seed- dan, Stn. Emit DiBFuse. Cast. Drop. Scatter. Akt. Absorb. Collect. Assume. Re- tain. Sheer, adf. Ang. Sax. sczr, srifr, oiN. Pure. Mere. Unmixed. Unqua- lified. Unmitigated. Absolute. Simple. Unadulterated. Akt. Mixed. Qualified. Adulterated. Modified. Partial. Shbltbe, v. tr. Comi. with Shield. StN. Shield. Cover. Pi'otect Screen. Al T. Expose. Surrender. Betray. Im- peril, Endanger. Shelve, v. tr. To place upon the shelf. Aug. Sax. scelfe, schyije. Used metaphorically for. setting a matter aside. Stk. Dismiss. Discard. Swamp. StUI^ Sliift, Ant. Start. Prosecute. Pursue. Re- vive. Agitate. Shield, v. tr. Aug. Sax. scUd. See Shelter. Shift, v. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. sciftan, to divide, drive away. Stk. Change. Alter. Transfer. Shelve, Displace. Remove. Ant. Fix. Fasten. Locate. Insert Pitch. Plant. Place. Shift, n. See verb. Stn. Contrivance. Expedient. Substi* tute. Pretext. Motive. Change. Tran» ference. Ant. Miscontrivance. Fixity. Steadi- ness. Retention. Location. Permanence Shine, v. int. Ang. Sax. seinan. Used metaphorically in the sense of to be eminent. Sy». Beam, Brighten. Gleam. Glisten, Excel. Ant. Fade. Wane. Loom. Glimmer. Gleam. FalL Shtves, V. tr. Germ, schiefern. See Shatter. Shiver, v. int. See transitive, Stn. Quake. Tremble. Vlbrata Quiver. Ant. Hang. Stand. StUFen. Steady Rigidlfy. Shock, v. tr. Anied to shake. Stn. Surprise. Disgust. Horrify Shame. Ant. Gratify. Please. Delight. Amuse; Edify. Shocking, adj. See Shock. Sth. Sad. Horrible. Disgraceful. Hate- ful. Revolting, Abominable. Loathsoma Foul. Ant. Pleasing. Honourable. Charming, Delightful. Creditable. Edifying, Ex- emplary, Attractive, Alluring, Enticing Short, adj. Ang. Sax. scvrt, sceort. Stn. Brief, Limited, Scanty, Inadn- quale. Insufficient. Lacking. Deficient. Defective. Imperfect Incomplete. Soon. Near, Narrow, Weak. lncomprehen.s.'v» tiynonyms and Antonyms. 355 rneztensive. Less. Alirupt. Blunt. Con- dse. CondenBed. Ant. Long. Protracted. Extended. Unlimited. Plentiful. Ample. Abundant. Adequate. SufBcient. Exuberant. Liberal. Large. Copious. Complete. Distant. Deferred. Wide. Strong. Comprehen- sItc. Extensive. Exceeding, Bland, (Jour- reooa. Inabnipt Expanded. Diffuse. Shout, n. Parallel form with hoot. Stn. Exclamation. Uproar. Clamour. Vociferation. Aht. Sibilation. Hissing. Eeticence. Silence. Hush. Show, v. tr, Ang. Sax. scawian, sceawian, scewiaUj to look, see, view. Stn. Exhibit. Present. Demonstrate. Unfold. Reveal. Teach. Inform. Con- duct. Manifest. Evince. Evidence. Prove. Explain. Amt. Conceal. Suppress. Hide. With- hold. Obscure. Mystify. Wrap. Misde- monstra te. Misdeclare. Con tradi ct. Re- fiite. Deny, Disprove. Misinterpret. Falsify. Misexplaln. Show, n. See verb. Snr. Appearance. Exhibition. De- monstration. Parade, Pomp. Semblance. Likeness. Pretext. Profession. Pretence. Illusion. Ant. Non-appearance. Disappearance. Concealment. Suppression. Secrecy, Dis- guise. Dissimilarity. Unlikenesa. Genuine- ness, Reality. Sincerity. Substance. Showy, adj. See Show. Stn. Gay Gaudy. High-coloured, Goi^ous. Flashy. Tinsel. Aht. Inconspicaoua. Umioticeable. Quiet. Subdued. Sheed, n. Scredde, scredda. Stn. Strip. Fragment. Rag. Tatter. Oddment Scrap. Paring. Chip. Aht, Fold. Mass. Piece. Entirety. Integrity. Whole. Shrew, n. Low Germ, schrazcer, tohrawl. Originally applied to both sexes, now restricted to iiis. Vixen, Scold. Virago. Terma- Abt. Angel. Dove. Shrewd, , orf/. Originally in- clined to be shrew or sharp in manner ; now sharp in mind. SvN. S;igaciouB. Penetrating. Astntcb Discriminating. Intelligent, Discerning. Acute. Ant. Stolid. Undisceming. Unaag*- clous. Stupid. Dull. Shrill, adj. Low Germ, schrill, schreU. Syn. Sharp. Piercing. Acute. Hlgh- pitcbed. Ant. Low. Deep. Base. H;lIow. Murmuring. Rumbling. Shrink, o. int. Ang. Sax. scrincan. Stn. Contract. Shrivel. Withdraw Retire. Recoil. Revolt. Ant. Stretch. Expand. Dilate. Ven- ture. Dare. Shkitkl, v. int. Icl. skrijl, a shred. See Shrink. Stn. Contract. Wither. Wrinkle. Cor- rugate, Decrease. Akt. Expand. Flatten. Develop, Un- fold. Spread. Dilate. Shroud, v. tr, Ang. Sax. Syn. Cover, Hide. VeiL Obscure. Darken. Palliate, Shelter. Ant. Expose. Reveal. UnveiL Eluci- date. Discover. Uncover. Shuffle, v. tr. and int. Used as an intransitive verb in the sense of prevaricate. Dim. of Shove. Stn. Confuse. Interchange. Shift. lii- tershift. Intermix. Derange. Agitate. Evade. Prevaricate. Equivocate. Quibble. CaviL Sophisticata Mystify. Palter. Dissemble. Ant. Deal. Distribute. Order, Arrange. Compose. Confess. Propound. Declare. Explain. Elucidate. Revedl. Shun, v. tr. Ang. Sax^scunian, sceonian. Stn. Avoid. Escape. Discard. Elude. Ant. Court. Seek. Affect. Shut, V. ^r. Ang, Bas:.sci/ttan, scittan. Stn. Close. Contract, ^ar. Fasten. Ant. Open. Expand. Unclose. Unbar, Unfasten. Shy, adj. Ang, Sax. Mod. Germ, scheu. Syn. Timid. Coy. Waiy. Snapidoni Shrinking. Chary. Ant. Bold. Brazenfaced. Impudent Aodacious. Reckless. aA2 356 SiBlLATioN, n. Lat. siUlare, to hisn. Sra. Hlssinf. Outcry. Disfavour. Ant. Acclamation, Cheers. Popularity. Synonyms 2nd Antonyms. Akt. MUindication. MisiepresentatloB Misleader. Signal, adj. See Sign. Syk Eminent. CtouBpicuous. Remark- able. Extraordinary. Notable. Memor- SlOK.adJ. Ans. Sa,X. SVC, scio'c, able^ illustrious. Important. Salient. • ' •' ° ^ ' Ani. Ordinary. Common. Unnotlceable. sceoc. Syn. Diseased. 111. Disordered. Dis- tempered. Indisposed. Weak. Ailing. Feeble. Morbid. Nauseated. Disgusted. Corrupt. Impaired. Ant. Whole. Well. Healthy. Sound. Kobust. Strong. Well-conditioned. Salu- brious. Healthful. Sane. Sickly, adj. See Sick. Stn. Weak. Diseased. Disordered. Ailing. Feeble. Pining. Drooping. Mor- bid. Unhealthy. Vitiated. Delicate. Tainted. Valetudinary. Ant. Strong. Healthy. Vigorous. Flourishing. Salubrious. Sound. Kobust. SiCKNEBS, n. See Sick. Side, n. Aug. Sax. side. Syn. Margin. Edge. Verge. Border. Laterality. Face. Aspect. Plane. Party. Interest. Cause. Policy. Behalf. Ant. Centre. Body. Core. Interior. Essence. Neutrality. Disconnection. Sever- ance. Secession. Opposition. Sidereal, adj. Lat. sidiis, a constellation. Syn. Astral. Heavenly. Starry. Ce- lestial. Ant. Terrestrial, Terrene. Earthly. Sift, v. tr. Ang. Sax. si/tan. Stn. Screen. Analyze. Scrutinize. In- vestigate. Winnow. Sort. AST. Confound. Fuse. Confuse. Amal- gamate. Conglomerate. Compound. Sight, n. Aug. Sax, siht, gesiht. Used for the faculty of vision, its exercise, and its ob- jects. Syn. Seeing. Perception. View. Vision. Visibility. Spectacle. Show. Inspection. Examination. Kepresentation. Appear- ance. Ant. Non-perception. Invisibility. Blindness . Obscuration. Disappearance. Oversight. Non-appearance. Undiscern- ment. Sign, n. Lat. signum. Syn.- Token. Indication. Proof. Me- morial. Expression. Symbol. Emblem. Prefiguratlon. Type. Premonition. Symp- tom. Prognostic. Marie, Omen. Presage. RIgnaL Mediocre. TJomemorable. Unimportant. Signalize, v. tr. See Signal. Syk. Distinguish. Exalt. Gloiify. Dig- nify. Immortalize. Ant. Disgrace. Dishonour. Discredit. Significant, adj. Lat. signum, a sign, and /acere, to make, Syn. Expressive. Momentous. Sug- gestive. Indicative. Symbolical. Telling. Speaking. Ant. Inexpressive. Meaningless. Ex- pressionless. Unindieative. Mute. Signify, v. tr. See Signifl- cant. Syn. Portend. Purport. Prognosticate. Mean. E^present. Indicate. Commu- nicate. Denote. Betoken. Declare. Utter. Forebode. Presage. Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Misindicate. Misdenote. Nullify. Kefut«. Neutralize. Preclude. Silence, n. Lat. silentiam. Stn. Taciturnity. Stillness. Calm, Peace, Hush, Muteness, Secrecy. Ob livion. Ant. Garrulity. Loquacity. Talkative- ness. Chatter. Noise. Brawl Clamour. Clatter. Din. Babel. Tumult Agitation. Restlessness. Storm. Unrest. Roar. Bruit Reverberation. Resonance. Commotion. Cackling. Proclamation. Publicity. Fame. Rumour. Remembrance. Repute. Cele- brity. Silent, adj. See Silence. Silly, adj. Old Eng. Mod. Grerm. selig. Of old meant happy, innocent-ininded ; from that the sense travelled to weak, as the word innocent is used in the senses of harmless and imbecile, and finally acquired its present meaning of wanting in sense. Syn. Simple. Foolish. Weak. Shallow. Witless. Unwise. Indlscl^t Imprudent, Absurd. Ant. Sagacious. ;cftelllgent. Astute. Wise. Deep. Discreet. Prudent Soouli Rational SiMiLAE, adj. Lat. similis. Synonyms and Antonyms. 357 Sm. OorreGpondent. Resembling. Alike. Oommoii. Homogeneous. Concordant. Har- monious. Congruous. Ant. Different. Unlike. Dissimilar. Alien. Heterogeneous. Discordant. In- cungruous. SnoLiTXJDB, adj. See Similar. SiMPLEj a<^\ Lat. simplex, sine pliGts, without folds. Used in many literal and analogous senses. See Silly. ■ Stn. Single. Incomplex. Uncompounded. Unblended. Isolated. Pure. Unmixed. Mere. Absolute. Plain. Unadorned. Un- artificlal. Artless. Sincere. Undesigning. Single-minded. Unaffected. Silly. Weak. Unsophisticated. Humble. Homely, Lowly. Klementary, Ultimate. Primal. Rudi- mentary. Ant. Double. Complex. Compounded. Blended. Mixed. Fused. MultifoiTQ. Multigenous. Various. Compo md. Arti- culated. Subdivided. Organized. Con- nected. Modified. Complicated. Elaborate. Artificial. ArtfuL Designing. Insincere. Double-minded. Affected. Self-conscious. Sagacious. Sophisticated. Great. Eminent. lUnatrious. Complete. Developed. Per- fect. RrnTPT.TFYj V. tr. Simplex, simr- pie, and /acere, to make. Syn. Facilitate. Disencumber. Eluci- date. , Ant. Embarrass. Complicate. Encum- ber. Obscure. SmuLATB, V. tr. Simulare, from similiSf like. Stn. Feign. Counterfeit. Pretend. Im- personate, Assume. Ant. Diareaemble, Discard. Misrepre- Bent Misexhiblt. Misbeseem. Simultaneous, adj. Lat. si- multaneuSj from simul, at the same time, Sxir. Synchronous. Concomitant Con- "urrent. Ant. Inconcurrent. Separate. Apart. Intermittoit, Periodic. SiK, n, Ang. Sax. synn, syn, sin. Transgression of the Divine law, as distinct from crime against human law. Stw. Tranegressfon. Iniquity. Un- righteousness. Ungodliness. Wickedness. EmL Impurity. Ant. Sinlessness. Obedience. Halinesi Kigbteousnesa. Purity Godliness. Good ness. Sincere, adj'. Lat. sincerus, said to be sine cerdj without wax, like pure honey. Stn. Pure. Unmixed. Genuine. Un- adulterated. Hearty. Honest. Unfeigned. True. Ant. Impure. Adulterated. Dishonest, Insincere. Hypocritical. Feigned, Pre- tended. False. Sinful, adj. See Sin. Single, adj\ Lat. singulus,onef each. Stn. One. Unique. Individual. Solitary. Separate. Uncombined. Unmarried. Amt. Plural. Many. Collective. United, Numerous. Frequent Married. Singular, adj. See Single. Sth, Single. Individual. Unique. Eminent. Extraordinary. Conspicuous. Consummate. UnusuaL Uncommon. Odd. Whimsical. Quaint. Peculiar. Unex- ampled. Unprecedented. Solitary. Sole. Eccentric. Fantastic. Exceptional. Ant. Comtoon. Frequent. Numerous. Ordinary, Usual. Unnotlceable. Every- day. Customary. General. Regular. Sinister, adj'. Lat. sinister, the left. Hence unlucky as an ill omen occurring on the left hand; thence wrong, and also unfavourable in aspect. Stn. Unlucky. Inauspicious. Hl-omened. Portentous. Disastrous. Unfavourable. Wrong. tJnfair. Underhanded. Evil. Foul. Dishonest. Diebonourable. Forbidding. Repulsive. Lowering. Ant. Lucky. Fortunate. Propitious. Auspicious. Favourable. Right. Fair. Open. Honest. Honourable. Attractive. Winning. Ibgaging. Assuring. Frank. Sdtk, V. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. sincan. Stn. Fall. Descend, Drop. Subside. Penetrate. Soak. Droop. Decline. Weary. Flag. Decay. Decrease. Diminish. Abate. Lower. Immerse. Submerge. iJepress, Degrade. Drown. Reduce. Waste. At>- tenuate. Suppress. Ant. Rise. Ascend. Mount. Soar, Swell. Increase. Spring. Exude. Flourish. Revive, Float. Heighten. Raise. Pro- mote. Exalt. Enhance. Rescue. Fostei Encourage. Perpetuate. Promulgate. Dl- 358 Snnjous, adj. hosom, fold of a dress. Bys. Coiled. Convolute. Undulating. Curved. Serpentine. Winding, Tortuous. Anfractuous. Waving. Flexuous. Ant. Uncoiled. Rectilinear. Uoin- flccted. Situation, n. Lat. situs. Syw. Locality. Position. Topography. State. Seat. Post. Place. Condition. Residence. Aspect. Footing. Standing. Ajst. Non-situation. Non-location. Ab- sence. Non-assignment. Uniixedness. Dis- placement. Disludgment. Size, n. Abbreviated from assize. The assessed or assayed magnitude. Syn. Greatness. Magnitude. Extent. Dimension. Bulk. Ant. Smallness. Littleness. Tenuity, Minuteness. Skim, v. tr. and int. Prob. a different orthography of scum. St». Brush. Glide. Graze. Touch. Ant. Enter. Penetrate. Skiet, V. tr. Aug. Sax. scyrtan, gescyrtan, to shorten, Icl. shirta, a shirt. Sin. Border. Trim. Conflne. Bound, Surround. Encircle. Ant. Penetrate, Enter, Interpenetrate, Skulk, v. int. Dan, skulke, to play the truant. Syn, Hide. Sneak. Cower. Abscond. Slink. Ant. Appear. Issue. Parade. Show. Slack, adj. Aug. Sax. deac, slac. Stk. Loose, Weak. Remiss, Back- ward. Indiligent. Slow, Tardy, AjjT. Tight. Tense. Strong. Active. Prompt. Diligent. Alert, Quick. Eager, Slacken, v. tr. and int. Syn. Loosen, Abate, Languish, Flag, Moderate. Ant. Tighten. Increase. Freshen. Slander, v. tr. Old Tr. esdan- dre, Lat. scandalum. Syn. Asperse, Defame, Calumniate, Vilify, Abuse, Scandalize. AjiT. Praise. Laud. Honour. Vindi- cate. Defend, Panegyrize, Eulogize, Shield, Oommend, Slavibh, adj. Like a slave. Synonyms and Antonyms. Lat. sinus, or one belonging to the Sclavonia race, who, when taken in war by other European nations, were called slaves. Syn, Servile, Drudging, Menial, Ab- ject. Ant. Independent. Free. Voluntary. Sleek, adj. Old Er^. slick, conn, with Icel. slikia, to smooth or polish. Syn. Glossy. Velvety. Satin. Silken. Ant. Rough. Hairy. Hirsute. Bristly. Sleepy, adj. Ang. Sax. sla:pan, to sleep. Syn. Slumberous. Somnolent. Drowsy. Sluggish. Lazy, Akt. Wakeful. Vigilant Alert. Awake, Active. Slender, adj. Old Dutch slinder, thin. Syn. Thin. Narrow. Slight Small. Trivial. Spare. Inadequate, Inconsider* able. Superficial Akt. Stout. Thick. Broad. Rolnist, Massive. Considerable. Ample, Deep. Slight, adj. Gothic daights, smooth, even. See Slender, Slight, v. tr. See adjective. Syn, Disregard, Disdain. Scorn. Over- look, Disparage, Ant. Regard. Respect. Notice; Ob- serve. Slight, n. See verb. Slink, v. int. Ang. Sax. slin- can. See Skulk. Slippery, adj. Ang. Sax. sli- pv/r, slippery. Used in metapho- rical senses. Syn, Smooth, Glassy, Lubricated. In- secure. Perilous, Unsafe, Unstabjie. Shifty. Elusive, Shuffling. Unprindplei Deceptive. Evasive. Untrustworthy. U* certain. Ant. Rough. Firm. Unslippeiy. Se> cure. Safe. Stable. Solid. TrustworUiy. Slough, n. Ang. Sax, a sldg, a hollow place. Svn. Mire. Difficulty. Despond. Ant. Footing. Stand-poln(. Slovenly, adj. Dutch d(^, careless. Synonyms and Antonyms. 359 s™. Loose. Negligent. Disorderly. Un- tidy. Ant. Trim. Neat Careful. Orderly. Tidy. Precise. Slow, a^f. Aug. Sax. slaw, sleaw. SlK. Sluggish. Inactive. Inert Lazy. Unready. Tardy. Late. Gradual. Dila- tory. Lingering. Slack. AlfT. Active. Quick. Fast. Kapid. Alert Ready. Prompt Early. Sudden, immediate. Sly, adj. Germ, schlan. For- merly used in no unfavourable sense, but as meaning rapid, nimble, as in the word sleight-of- hand. Syk. Cunning. Subtle. Crafty. Artful. Wily. Underhanded. Astute. Stealthy. Amt. Open. Frank. Artless. Unde- Eigning. Small, adj. Ang. Sax. smiil, smeal. Stn. Little. Diminutive. Minute. Slight Feeble. Trivial. Insignificant. Paltry. Narrow. Mean. Weak. Slender. Fine. Inferior. AST. Great Large. Big. Considerable. Bulky. Extensive. Ample. Spacious. Stout Strong. Important Broad. Liberal Sjiart, adj. Yrora. the noun. Germ, schmerz. Stn. Keen. Ptmgent Piercing. Quick. Vigorous. Sharp. Severe. Active. Clever. Brilliant Vivacious. Witty. Eeady. Spruce. Brisk. Fresh. Dressy. Showy. Amt. Dull. Heavy. Aching. Slow. Inactive. Stupid. Sluggish. Unready. Slow-minded. Unwitty. Dowdy. Shabby. Clownish. Smeae, V. tr. Ang. Sax. smer- wian, smeru,fat, grease. Sth. Danh, Plaster. Coat Begrime. Varnish. Incrust. AlTT. Abrade. Levigate. Polish. Scour. Scrape. Smite, v. tr. Ang. Sax. smitan. SvN. strike. Beat. Buffet Blast Afflict Punish. Surprise. Captivate. AST. Suothe. Smooth. Caress, Re- lieve. Console, Repel. Alienate. Smokb, n. Ang. Sax. smocca, from smeocan, to smoke. Used metaphorically. Stn. Fumigation. Fumes. Vapour. InsubstaDtiality. NoUiingness. Mt>onshine. TrlvUllty. Tiifla Ant. Substance. Reality. Realization. Moment. Importance. Smooth, adj. Ang. Sax. smethe. Syn. Even. Plain. Level. Flat Polished. Glossy. Sleek. Soft. Bland. Oily. Suave. Ant. Uueven. Rough. Rugged. Abrupt. Precipitous. Unpolished. Harsh. Blunt Smother, v. tr. Sax. smorran, to stew. Allied to smoor or smore, an obsolete word. Stn. Suffocate. Stifle. Repress. Gag. Suppress. Strangle. . Allay. Swallow Ant. Fan. Ventilate. Foster. Cherish. Nurture. Publish. Promulgate. Divulge. " ". Excite. Vent Smoulder, v. int. Dutch smeulen, to smoulder. Stw. Reek. Simmer. Seethe. Ferment. Work. Ant. Burst Blaze, Snatch, v. tr. Old Eng. snacJc. Sra. Twitch. Pluck. Pull. Catch. Grasp. Gripe. Clutch. Ant. Unclutch. Restore. Unhand. Re- lease. Sneer, n. Ang. Sax, snora, a snoring, Germ, schnarien, to rattle. Conn, with snort and snore. Stn. Scoff. Gibe. Jeer. Disparage- ment Contempt. Scorn. Superciliousness. Disdain. Ant. Compliment. Eulogy. Commend- ation. Deference. Snug, adj. Swed, snygg, smooth. Warm, Syn. Close. Housed. Compressed. Coofr, pact Comfortable. Amt. Exposed. Loose. Disordered. In- compact Uncomfortable. Bare. Shiver- ing. Soae, V. tr. and int. Ang, Sax. socian. Syn. Wet Steep. Drench. Macerate. Moisten. Submerge. Ant. Dry. Air. Wring. Exsiccate, Aridity. Bleach. Soar, v. int. Pr. essorer. It. sorare, Lat, ex and aura, the air. Stk. Rise. Mount Aspire. Tower. A.scend, Uprise. Ant. Drop. Sink. Descend. Alight SoBBB, adj. Lat, sobrius, de> 360 Synonyym and Antonyms, rived from sine bHi's, without cups, Stn. Temperate. Unintoxicated. Cool. Dispassionate. Reasonable. Calm. Self- possessed. Sound. Unexcited. Serious. Grave. Sedate. Steady. Abstemious. Moderate. Ant. Intemperate. Drunk. Intoxicated. Heated. Excited. Impassioned. Unrea- ■^nable. Agitated. Fuiious. Passionate. lOxtravagant. Ex treme. Exorbitan t. Im- moderate. Flighty. Erratic. Eccentric. Sobriety, w. See Sober. Sociable^ adf. Lat. socius, a companion. Stn. Companionable. Genial. Conver- sible. Friendly. Accessible. Gregarious. Ant. Unsociable. Uncompanionable. Un- conversible. Ungenial. Unfriendly. Inac- cessible. Retiring. Morose. Solitary. Un- commuDicative. Social, adj. See Sociable. Stn. Collective. Political. Gregarious. Ant. Individual. Solitary. Personal. Society, n. See Sociable. Syn, Community. Polity. Association. Collection. Companionship. Fellowsblp. Connection. • Participation. Company. So- dality. Communion. Intercourse. SodaMty. Ant. Individuality. Personality. Segre- gation. Separation. Solitariness. Un- Bociality. Privacy. Dissociation. Discon- nection. Soft, adj. Aug. Sax. Used in many analogous senses. Stn. Yielding. Pressible. Impressible, Smooth. Delicate. Fine. Sleek. Glossy. Mild. Gentle. Balmy. Kind. Feeling. Flexible. Effeminate. Luxurious. Un- manly. Tender. Irresolute. Undecided. Ant. Hard. Tough. Stubborn. Un- yielding. Rigid. Un impressible. Rough. Coarse. Harah. Abrupt. Ungentle. Rigor- ous. Cutting. Severe. Unlrind. U nfeel- ing. Sharp. Inflexible. Stern. Austere. Ascetic. Self-denying. Resolute. Deter- mined. Soften, v, tr. and int. See Soft. Stn. Mollify. Palliate. Compose. Miti- gate. Assuage. Dulcify. Yield. Mace- rate. Ant. Harden. Indurate. Aggravate. Excite. Infuriate. Consolidate. Soil, v, tr. Old Tr. soilUer, Mod. Fr. souiller. S vn. Stain, Tarnish. Begrime. Be- foul. Contaminate. Ant. Purify. Bleach. Clsanw. AS> sterge. Sojourn, v. int. Lat, m& and diurnus/for the day. It. soggiomOj Yv. sejour, to dwell temporarily. Syn. Rest. Abide. Reside. Halt. Stay, Quarter. Ant. Migrate. Move, Wander. De- part. Travel. Journey. Solace, n. Lat. solatium. Stn. Consolation. Comfort. Alleviation. Relief. Ant. AfQiction. Aggravation. Embitter- ment. Sole, adj. Lat. soliis, alone. Stn. Single. Solitary. Only. Alone. One. Singular. Ant. Plural. Numerous. Combined. Collective. Solemn, adj\ Lat. solemnise from the Oscan soUus, all^ and annus, year. Occurring every year like religious ceremonies. Stn. Sacred. Formal. Devotional. Ritual. Ceremonial. Religious. Grave. Serious. Ant. Profane. Undevotional. Secular. Light Gay. Trivial. Unceremonial. la- formal. Unsolemn. Solemnity, n. See Solemn. Used of acts and their character, also of manner or demeanour and of places. Stn. Celebration. Rite. Oflace. Func tion. Pomp. Parade. Seriousness. Pom- posity. Gravity, Sacredness. Awe. Sanc- tity. Impressiveness. Imposinguess. Ant. Non-celebration. Seculariiy. Sim- plicity. Triviality. Gaiety. Profanity. Desecration. Uoimpressiveness. Mean- ness. Tawdriness. Vulgarity. Unlm- posingness. Solicit, v. tr. Fr. soUiciterg Lat. sollicituSj Oscan sollus, whole, and ciere, citus, to move, wholly moved or anxious. Anxiously to entreat. Stn. Entreat. Beg. Urge. Pray. Ask. Crave. Implore. Importune. Ant. Demand. Require. Exact. Claim Solicitude, n. See Solicit. Stn. Anxiety. Concern. Tp-ubk Carefulness. Ant. Indifference. Unconcern. Ctm tessness. Ease. Synonyms and Antonyms, 361 Solid, adj. Lat. Stn. Hard. Firm. Compact Resistant. Peiise. Substantial. Weighty. Strong. Valid. Just. Sound. Ant. Soft. Hollow. Yielding. Frail. Brittle. Flimsy. Elastic. Resilient. Mal- leable. Impressible. Fluid. Uquid. V\'\- volous. Light. Trifling. Weak. Invalid. Unsound. Fallacious. Weakly. SoLiTiTT, n. See Solid. SoLiTUDB, TO. Lat. solus. The state of loneliness or being alone. Stn. Ijoneliness. Remoteness. Seclu- rion. Retirement. Isolation. Wlldness. Desertion. Barrenness . Wilderness. Pri- vacy. Ant. Publicity. Populousness. Society. SVeqnentediiess. Intercourse. Resort. Meeting. Reunion, Throng. Crowd. Soluble, adj. Lat. solubiliSj from solvere, to melt or loose. Sys. Separable. Discerptible. Divi- Bible. Dissoluble. Ant. Indivisible. Inseparable. Indis- oerptlble. Insoluble. Indissoluble. Solution, n. See Soluble. Stn. Separation. Discerptiou. Disrup- tion. Breach. Discontinuance. Discon- nection. Disentanglement. Elucidation. Explanation. Disintegration. Ant, Union. Combination. Amalga- mation. Continuity. Connection. Con- junction. Entanglement. Complication. Confusion. Mystification. Obscurity. In- tegration. Sombre, adj. Fr., Sp. somhra, Lat. sub umhra, shade. Stn. Dufl. Grave. Gloomy. Dusky. Pensiva M elancholy. Ant. Bright. Gay. Simny. Joyous. Somnolent, adj. Somnolentus, somnus, sleep. Stn. Sleepy. Drowsy. Dozy. Dreamy. Ant. Wakeful. Vigilant Alert. Sonorous, adj. Smior, from sonare, to sound. Stn. Resonant. Loud. Audible. Ring- ing. Clear. Trumpet- like. AsT. Mute. Muffled. Dumb. Soft. Weak. Inaudible. Confused. Powerless. Soothe, v. tr. Ang. Sax. ge- sddhian. Applied to persons and their feelings. Stn. Soften. Assuage. Allay. Com- pose. MoQify. Tranquillize. Pacify. Mi- tigate. Fl&tter. Appease. Reliove. Ant. Rouse. Excite. Irritat**. KufSe^ Exasperate. Exacerbate. Agitate. Infu. riate. Aggravate. Annoy, Diasatisf^. Sophism, n. Gr. ia-fiai (rocf)6s, wise, reasoner. Stn. Fallacy. Quibble. Paralogism. Ant. Truth. Argument. Reason. Logic Syllogism. SopHisnoATE, V. tr. Pri- marily to confuse by false or fallacioiis reasoning ; then to corrupt generally, but in such a way as implies refinement and art in the process. Stn. Artificialize. Demoralize. Debase. Corrupt. Vitiate. SpoiL Pervert. Amt. Naturalize. Simplify. Purify. Train. Improve. Correct. Refine. Re- form. SoPHiSTRT, n. See Sophism. SOPOBIPIO, edj. Sopor, heavy sleep J andyttcere, to make. Stn. Somniferous. Narcotic. Anodyne. Opiate. Ant. Antlsoporific. Antinarcotic. Sorcery, n. Old Fr. sorcerie, Lat. sortiarius, from sors, a lot, a sorcerer. Stn. Magic. Enchantment. Witchcraft. Divination. Glamour. Possession. Ant. Disenchantment. Exorcism. Ex- sufQation. Dispossession. Sordid, adj. Lat. sordidus, from sordesy dirt. Stn. Dirty. Filthy. Foul. Gross. Vile. Base. Mean. Avaricious. Covetous. Nlfrgardly. Beggarly. Close-fisted. Hide- bound. Greedy. Ant. Pure. Liberal. Generous. Un- selfish. Honourable. Uncovetous. Open- handed. High-minded. Profuse. Lavish- Prodigal. Extravagant. Over-liberal. Sore, adj. Ang. Sax. sdr. Stn. Painful. Iriitated. Susceplible. Excoriated. Raw. Scarified. Ulcerous. Grievous. Afflictive. Heavy. Burden- some. Akt. Painless. Sound. Whole. Health" ful. Healed. Unbroken. Unscarified Light. Trivial. Un burdensome. Pleasant, Untroublesome. Grateful. Sorrow, n. Ang. Sax. sorq. Stn. Affliction. Grief. Sadness. Moun» ing. Ant. Joy. Gladness. B^otdng. 362 Synonyms cmd Antonyms. SoEEY, adj. See Son*ow. Syn. Grieved. Pained. Hurt. Afflicted. Mortified. Vexed. Dejected. Poor. Mean. Vile. Shabby. Worthlegs. Ant. Glad. Rejoiced. Deligbted, Pleased. Gratified. Fine. Choice. Handsome. Sort, n, Fr. sorte, Lat. sors^ sortiSy a lot. Stn. Kind. Species. Nature. Class. Quality. Cundition. Description, Designa- tion. Genus. Ant. Non-description. SolItarinesB. Uniqaeness. Non-classification. Hetero- geneity. Soul, n. Old Eng, sdulj Aug. Sax. sdwdf sdwl, saul. Used in the primary sense of the spirit, life, or mind, and in the analogous senses of an animating spirit or person. Stn. Spirit. Life. Reason. Intellect. Vitality. Fire. Leader. Inspirer. Energy. Courage. Fervour. Affection. Feeling. Being. Person. Man. Ant. SouUessness. Irrationality. Unln- tellectuality. Deadness. Unfeelingness. Spiritlessness. Coldness. Mindlessness. Nonentity, Nullity. Sound, n. Lat. sonus. Syn. Resonance. Audibility. Noise. Ai^. Silence. Stillness. Muteness. Voicelessness. Abmutescence. Sound, adj. Ang. Sax. Syn. Entire. Unbroken. UniDJured. Unimpaired. Healthy. Firm. Strong. Vigorous. Weighty. Solid. Irrefragable. Irrefutable. Thorough. Wholesome. Cor- rect. Substantial. Valid, Ant. Panial. Broken. Injured. Im- paired. Unhealthy. Unsound. Weak. Frail. Fragile. Light. Trivial. Un- founded. Hollow. Fallacious. Imperfect. Unwholesome. Incorrect. Unsubstantial. Invalid. Sound, v. tr. Fr. sonder, sonde, a sounding line. Syh. Probe. Gauge. Investigate. AjjT. Overlook. Disregard. Mleexa- mine, Misiavestigate. Sour, adj. Ang. Sax. sur. SifK. Tart. Rancid. Coagulated. Turned. Harsh. Crabbed. Austere. Morose. Bitter. Acetous. Acrimonious, Peevish. Aht. Sweet Wholeaomo. Untainted. Uollow. GealaL Kindly. SouBCTS, w. Fr. source, from sourdre, Lat. surgerSf to rise or spring forth. Stn. Rise. Origin. Spring. Fount Cause. Commencement. Beginning. Ant, Mouth. Debouchure. Termina- tion. End, Exit. Issue. Result. Effect. Sovereign, adj. Fr. souve- rain, as if from a corrupt Lat. form superaneus. Stn. Paramount, Supreme. Primary. Chief. Certain. Efficacions. AMT. Inferior. MinisteriaL Subser- vient. Subordinate. Subject, Secondary. Weak. Uncertain. Inefficient. UuefQ- cacious. Space, n. Lat. spatium. Stn. Extension. Room. Interval. Boundlessness. Immeasurableness. lUimit- ableness. Distance. Measure. Quantity. Intervenlence. Interspace, Akt. Limitation, Inextension. Restric- tion, Coarctation. Confinement. Proxi- mity. Scantiness. Contiguity. Uninter- niptedness. Continuity. Spacious, adj. See Space. Syn. Ample. Extensive. Broad. Large. Wide. Roomy. Expansive. Ant. Narrow, Restricted. Limited, Cramped. Confined. Inextensive. Spare, v. tr, Ang. Sax, spa- rian. Stn. Save. Husband. Economize. Re- tain. Store. Grudge. Discard. Omit, Forbear. Withhold. Refrain. Abstain. Am?. Spend. Squander, Waste. La- . vish. Scatter. Expend. Pour. Indulge, Vent. Spare, adj. Ang. Sax. spdr. Stk. Scanty. Unplentiful. Inabund- ant. Meagre, Economical. Frugal. Stinted. Restricted. Parsimonious. Nig- gardly. Chary. Superfiuous. Disposable, Available, Lean. Thin. Ill-conditioned. Ant. Ample. Plentiful. Abundant Profuse. LiberaL Unrestricted. Generoua. Bountiful, Unsparing. Unt-tinted. Un- bounded. Available. Well- conditioned. Sparing, adj. See Spare. Sparkle, v. int. Dutch spark' elen. Stn. Scintillate. Flash. Glisten. Ba^ ble. Radiate. Coruscate. Effervesce. Ant. Smoulder. Wane. Stagnate. Ex- pire. Sparse, adj. Lat. ^rsast i part, of spargere, to scffWw. Synonyms and Antonyms. 36S Stn Scattered, Sprinkled. Few. Scanty. Thin. Slengre. Innumerous. AsT. Dense, Multitudinous. Niimer- ouB. Frequented. Thick. Crowded. Po- pulous. Special, adj. Lai species. Syn. Particular. Specific. Peculiar. Appropriate. Proper. Distinctive. Ex- ceptional. Ant. General. Universal. Common. Generic Species, n, Lat. species. See Sort. Specipt, v. tr. See Special. To point out one or more parti- culars. SxN. Particularize. Individualize. In- dicate. Designate. Detail. Ehumerate. Mention. Ant, Generalize. Classify. Amalga- mate. Confound. Specimen, n, Lat. specimen. A part intended to exhibit the kind or quality of the whole. Stn. Sample. Mode. Pattern. Illus- tration. Instance. Type* Exemplar. Aht. Anomaly. Exception. Nonde- script. Monster. Freak. Misillustratiun. Specious, adj. Species in the sense of fairness of form. That which looks well or fair, with an imphcation that it is not alto- gether what it looks. Stn. Plausible. Showy. Ostensible. Colourable. Kair-spoken, AsT. Inadmiiisijble. Self-contradictoiy. Absurd. Unreasonable. Spectacle, n. Lat. spectacu- lum, from specere^ to behold. Sys. Sight. Exhibition. Display. Pa- rade. Demonstraiion. Picture. Show. Pageant. Flourish. AST. Non-demonstration. Non-celebra- tion. Spectral, adj. See Spectre. Syn. Ghostly. Ghastly. Cadaverous. Shadowy. Visionary. Illusionary. AST. Bodily. Substantial. Corporeal. Fleshly. Palpable. Spkctre, n. Lat. spectrum, cm appearance, Stn. Apparition. Ghost. Shade. Sha- dow. Spirit. Larva. Am. Bodv. SubBtajioe. Flesh. Per- •ODAUtjr, Speculate, v. -mt. See Specu- lation. Speculation, n. Lat. specw larif to observe. Stn. Contemplation. Consideration. Weighing. Thought. Theory. View. Conjecture. Ant. Kealization. Proof. Fact. Veri- fication. Certainty. Speed, v. tr. and int, Ang. Sax. spedan, from spofwan^ to suc- ceed. Stn. Despatch. Expedite. Accelerate, Urge. Hasten. Hurry. Press. Ant. Retard. Delay. Postpone. Ob- struct. Drag. Loiter. Dawdle. Linger. Lag. Stay. Speedy, adj. See Speed. Stn. Early. Quick. Rapid. Fast. Ac- celerated. Ant. Late. Slow. Dragging. Loiter* Ing. Lingering. Tardy. Sluggish. Spend, v. tr, Ang. Sax. spend* an, but derived from the Lat. expendere, to weigh or pay out, Stn. Bestow. Waste. Exhaust. La- vish. Ant. Retain. Save. Hoard. Accumu- late. Husband. Economize. Spirit, n. Lat. spiritus, from spirare, to breathe, Stn. Air. Breath. Life. Soul. Es- sence. Immateriality. Intelligence. Dis- embodiment. Spectre. Apparition- Ghost. Energy. Ardour. Enthusiasm. Activity Earnestness. Courage. Zeal. Disposition. Temper. Principle. Motive. Distillation. Ant. Substance. Body, Corporeity. Ma- teriality. Flesh. Organization. Frame. Embodiment. Spiritlessness. Llstlessness. SouUessness. Ltfelessness. Torpor. Dead- neas. Timidity. Dejection. Slowness. Sluggishness. Spiritual, adj. See Spirit. Stn. Divine. Religious. Ant. Carnal, i'leshly. Unspiritual. Spite, n, Abbrev. from de- spite, which is from desjdcere, despectuSf to despise. It has, how- ever, in usage acquired a more energetic form than that of simple contempt. Stn. Malice. Malevolence. Vlndlo- tiveness. Rancour. Spleen. Ant. Good-will. BeEevolenoa Kindtt 364 Synonyms and Antonyms, Spiteful, adj\ See Spite. Spleen, w. 'Lsit.splen,Gr.am-\r]v. Supposed to be the seat of cer- tain feelings or affectioDS, and so taken for the feelings themselves. SvK. Anger. Spite. Chagrin. Annoy- ance. Rancour. Hypochondria. Melan- choly, Irascibility. Ant. Kindliness. Benevolence. Grati- fication. Mirth. Cheerfulness, Geniality, Hlgh-spirlts. Gratulation. Pacification. Splendid, adj. Lat. splendidiiSj from splendere, to shine. Stn, Brilliant. Showy. Magnificent. Sumptuous, Gorgeous. Glorious. Pomp- ous. Imposing. Illustrious. Signal. Ant. Dull. Obscure. Tame. Sombre. Poor. Beggarly. Unimposing. Ordinary, Ineffective. Inglorious. Split, v. tr. and int. Low Germ, splitten. Stn. Divide. Separate. Rive. Cleave. Crack. Splinter. Burst. Disagree. Secede. Disunite. Ant. Cohere. Unite. Amalgamate. Coalesce. Conform. Agree. Splice. Con- solidate. Integrate. Split, n. 8ee verb. Spoil, v. tr, , Lat. spoliare^ from sjfoUum, spoil. Stn. Plunder. Strip. Rob. Devastate. Pillage. Denude. Corrupt. Vitiate. Mar. Deteriorate. Ant. Invest. Enrich. Endow. Re- plenish. Renovate. Improve. Better. Ameliorate. Rectify. Preserve. Spontaneous, adj. Lat. spon- taneuSf from sponte, of one's own accord. Stn. Voluntary. Self-generated, Self- criginated. Self-evolved, Willing. Ant. Involuntary. Imposed. Compul- Bionary. Unwilling. Necessitated. Coer- cive. Sport, n. Abbrev. from dis- port, and that as if from disport- are (se), to carry one's self about, to move with glee or levity. Stn. Play. Frolic. Wantonness. Joke. Diversion. Merriment. Gaiety. Fun. Amusement. Ant. Work. Seriousness. fiuBlness. Earnestness. Sport, o int. See 7ioun. Spread, v. tr. and inf. Aug, Sax. sproE security. Precarlousnesa. Starved, adj. Strictly part. of the verb to starve. Ang. Sax. steorfan, stearfian. Stn. Lean. Thin. Meagre. Attennatecl Emaciated. lU-fed. Ill-conditioned. Ant. Fat PlTap. Well-condWonficl Well- fed. 366 Symonyim and Antonyms, State, v. tr, Lat. status, a standing. To place a matter upon the footing of a proposi- tion. Stn. Say. Declare. Propound. Aver. Avow. Narrate. Recite. Ant. Suppress. Repress. Suppose. Imply. Unsay. Deuy. Contradict. Re- tract. Statklt, adj. See State. Stn. Dignified. Imposing. Pompous. Magnificen t. Grand . Ant. Undignified. Unimposing. Un- fitately. Commonplace. Mean. Station, n, Lat. statiOf stare, to stand. Stn. Standing. Post. Position. Office. Situation. State. Rank. Location. AnT. Dislodgment. Displacement. Non-position. JE^ectment. Non-location. Removal. Departure. Locomotion. Stationary, adj. See Station. Syn. Fixed. Immovable. Motionless. Unalterable. Ant. Movable. Unfixed. Migratory. Removable. Changeable. Alterable. Statute, u, Statutum, sta- tuere, to enact. Stw. Enactment Law. Act Decree, Ordinance. Legislation. Edict. Ant. Custom. Conventionality. Pre- scription. Use. Precedent Usage. Stave, v. tr. From stave, meaning staff. Stn. Parry. Fend. Forefend. Ant. Attract. Court. Draw. Invoke, Provoke. Stat, v. tr. and int. See Stand. Stn. Hold. Stop. Restrain. Withhold. Arrest. Hinder. Delay. Obstruct Sup- poi-t. Rest Repose. Remain. Halt Abide. Wait Tarry. Confide. Trust. Lean. Ant. Loose. Liberate. Send. Expedite. Speed. Frea Accelerate. Hasten. Op- press. Depress. Burden. FaiL FaU. Proceed. Move, Depart. Overthrow. Mistrust Steadfast, adj. Stead and fiist; that is, fast or strong in place. SyN. Firm. Rooted. Grounded. Fixed. Established. Constant Reso'ved. Stanch. Resolute. Ant. iJnfirm. Weak. Vacillating. Ca- pricious. Uncertain. IrresoliSA \Vaver- ing Dubious. Half-hearted. Halt* minded. Steadt, adj\ See Steadfast. Used of physical laws or opera- tions and moral conduct. Syn. Finn. Fixed. Constant Uniform. Equable. Regular. Undeviating. Well- regulated. Ant. Infirm. Variable. Unsteady. In- constant, Changeable. Wavering. Ill- regulated. Steal, v. tr. Ang. Sax. stelan^ stcelan^ to take urdawfutly in secret. Stn. Filch. PUJer. Purloin. Swindle. Peculate. Embezzle. Smuggle. Ant. Rob. Plunder. Ravage. Maiaud. Sack. Pillage. Steep, v. tr. Dutch and Germ. stippen, to dip. Stn. Dip. Soak. Immerse. Macerate, Submerge. Drench. Imbue. Ant. Air. Dry. Ventilate. Fan. Sun, Aridify. Exsiccate. Stbep, adj. Ang. Sax. stedp. Stn. Abrupt. Precipitous. Elevated. Inaccessible. Hilly. Ant. Easy. LeveL Undulating. Ac- cessible. Gradual. Step, n. Ang. Sax. stepe steep. Stn. Advance. Pace. Remove. De- eree. Gradation, Progression. Track. Trace. Vestige. Walk. Gait. Proceed ing. Action. Measure. Ant. Retreat. Recession. Halting. Station. Standing. Non-graduation. Non- progression. Stand-still. Stop. Trackless- iiess. Uniraceableness. Non-impression. Desinence. Desi^tance. Inaction. Sterile, adj. Lat. sterilis. Stn. Barren. Unfruitful. UuprodactiTe, Desert. Infertile. Ant. Fruitful. Fertile. Productive. Luxuriant Exuberant Cultivated. Sterling, adj. A corrnption of Easterling, a foreign trader, as coming from the East, as Den- mark, and where money was ot the purest quality; hence used metaphorically. Stn. Sound. Substantial. Genuine. f^sential. Solid. Ant. Fictitious. Ungenuine. Ascitl- tlous. Specious. Pretentious, OstenalHe^ Plausible. Synonyms and Antonyms. 367 StUBN, adj. Ang. Sax. sterne, styme, allied to the Germ. siarTy stiff J and the Eng. stark. Syk. Severe. Austere. Rigid. Unre- lenting. Un^elding. Forbidding. Amt. Lenient Genial. Kindly. 'Easy. Flexible. FncouragiDg. Stiff, adj. Ang. Sax. stif. Used physically and metaphori- caJly. Stn. Unbending. Inflexible. Rigid. UnpUant. Strong. Stubborn. Obstinate. Pertinacioiu. Constrained. Affected. Starched. Fonnal. Ceremonious. Diffi- cult Amt. Fliant. Flexible. Flaccid. Yield- ing. Easy. Unaffected. Genial. Affable. Unceremonious. StiflEj v. tr. Apparently a form of stive, to press together. Conn, with the Icl. stifla^ to re- press, the Lat. stipare, and the Gr. (TTetjSetv. Syk. Choke. Throttle. Quench. Re- press. Extinguieb. Burke. Ant. Ventilate. Discuss. Promulgate. Propound. Stigma, n. Gr. From the verb oTifetv, to prick or brand. Stn. Brand. Infamy. Disgrace. Blot. Stain. Ant. Decoration. Feather. Laurels. Credit Renown. Stigmatize, v. tr. See Stigma. Syn. Brand. Denounce. Reprobate. Censure. Ant. Panegyrize. Laud. Eulogize. Still, adj. Ang. Sax. stille. Expresses the negative of sotmd and movement. Sth. Quiet. Calm. Noiseless. Hushed. Serene. Motionless. Stagnant Peaceful. Quiescent. Tranquil. Stillionary. Ajtt. Unquiet Disturbed. Agitated. Moved. Koisj. Resonant Turbulent. Moving. Transitional. Stimulate, v. tr. Stimulare, fi'Om stirauluSf a goad. Syn. See Spur. Stingy, adj. Originally eager, greedy, stimulated in the desire of gaining, from sting. Stk. Close. Avaricious. Mean. Niggardly. Close-fisted. Hide-bDund. Parsimoni : z£>. fiptftog Ant. Liberal. Generous. Lai^e. HoniU some. Lavish. Bountiful. Unsparing. Stint, v, tr. Nor. stinta, to have enough, Stn. Stop. Limit. Restrict, Bound. Dole. Ast. Lavish. Pour. Heap. Squandei Stipendiary, adj. Lat. stips, a contribution in moneys and pendere, to pay. Sts. Paid. Remunerated. Compensated, Hired. Ant. Unpaid. Unremunerated. Vo- luntary. Gratuitous. Honorary. Stipulate, v. int. To agree for a stipSj or small coin. SzN. Bargain, Agree. Contract Cove- nant. Engage. Condition Ant. Retract Decline. Refuse. With- draw. Revoke. Disagree. Deprecate. Protest. Recant. Stir, v. tr. Ang. Sax. styrian^ Syn. Agitate, Incite. Instigate. Prompt Awaken. Stimulate. Animate. Arouse. Excite. Provoke. Raise. Ruffle. Asa. Soothe. Cumpose. Quiet. Allay. Pacify. Still. Repress. Deaden. Tran- quillize. ■ Stoical, adj. Showing the qnality of a stoical philosopher. From the Gr. oroa, the colon- nade, porch, or school of the philosopher Zeno and his suc- cessors. Stn. Philosophical. Indifferent. Apa- thetic. Phlegmatic. Patient Inezcitable, Imperturbable. Ant. Sanguine. Excitable. Sensitive Impatient. Stolid, adj. Lat. stolidus. Stn. Stupid. Dull. Heavy. Senseless Mindless. Doltish. Unintelligent. A NT. A cu te. Sensi live. Sagacious. Quick. Clever. Bright. Stop, v. tr. and int. Nor, stappa, to stuff. Stn. Close. Obstruct. Plug. Cork, Seal. Arrest. Suspend. End. Rest. Halt, Delay. Cease, 'ferminate. Ant. Open. Expedite. Clear. Broach. Unseal. Promote. Advance. Farther. Continue. Proceed. Speed. Hasten. Store, n. Old Fr. estoire. ProYisions. and the place oK them. 368 ISynonyms and Antonyms, Stn. Jirasure. Treasury. Garner. Pi'oviBion. Supply. Fund. Accumulation. Ammunition. Stock. Akt. Kmptinesfl. Lack. Misprovision. Failure. Exhaustion. Want. Expendi- ture. Disposal. Consumption. Stout, adj. Old Fr. estout, estot. Stn. Strong. Jjusty. Vigorous. Ro- bust. Sturdy. Brawny. Corpulent. Re- solute. Brave. Valiant. Redoubtable. Ant. Weak. Debile. Frail. Attenuated. Thin. Slender. Lean. Irresolute. Feeble. Cowardly. Timid. Straight, adj. Ang. Sax. strehtj part, of streccan, to stretch. Syn. Direct. Rectilinear. Undeviatii^. Unswerving. Right. Ant. Indirect. Winding. Incurved. Tortuous. Siouous. Serpentine. Circuitous. Waving. Crooked. Strain, v. tr. Old Fr. estrain- dre, Lat. stringere. Stn. Stretch. Tighten. Force. Exert, Filter. Filtrate, Percolate. Depurate. Clarify. Defpcate. Lixiviate. Ant. Loosen. Relax. Remit. Slacken. Thicken. Incrassate. Inspissate. Befoul. Strange, adj. Old Fr. estratige, Lat. extraneus. Stn. Foreign. Alien. Exotic Un- familiar. Unusual. Odd. Irregular. Ab- normal. Exceptional. Sul'prising. Won- derful, Marvellous. Astonishing, Un- common. Peculiar. Ant. Home. Domestic. Familiar. Usual. Ordinary. Common. Regular, Cut-tomary. Commonplace. Unsurprising. Universal. General. Stranger, n. See Strange. Stn. Foreigner. Alien. Ant. Countryman. Acquaintance. Friend. Stratagem, n, Gr. o-Tparr}- yi/jLta, from oTparriye'lv, to lead an army. Syn. Artifice. Tactics. Trick. Con- trivance. Generalship. Manoeuvre. De- vice. Machination. J?lot. Plan. Ant. Blunder. Defeat. Mismanceuvre. Miscontrlvance. Mismanagement. Stray, v. int. Old Fr. estrayer, It. stravagare^ Low Ijat. extrava- gare, for extra and vagari, to wciTider, Stn, Wander. Deriate. Err. iJsptit Rove. Ant. Adhere. Abide. Stick. Stream, n. Ang. Sax. stredrn, Stn. Current. Course. Flow. Exit Drift. Tide. Ant. Stagnation. Deslstance. Arresta- ticn. Station. Stand-stlU. Stillness. Halt- ing. Cessation. Stopping. Interruption. Strength, n, Ang. Sax. strengdhuj strengdho, from strenge^ strong. Stn. Force, Vigour. Power. Solidity. Security. Validity. Vehemence. Intensity. Hardness. Soundness. Nerve. Fibre Sinew. Ant. Weakness. Imbecility. Feeble- ness. Insolidity, Insecurity. Invalidity. Frailty. Delicacy. Softness. Flimsiness. Hollo wness. Strengthen, v. tr. See Strength. Syn. Confirm. Establish, Fix. Corro- borate. Secure. Invigorate. Fortify. Increase. Ant. Weaken. Disestablish. Shaka Loosen. Sap. Undermine. Debilitate Diminish. Strenuous, adf, Lat. strenuus, Stn. Strong. Resolute. Determined. Earnest. Vigorous. Akt. Weak. Irresolute. Undetermined. Unearuest. Debile. Feeble. Emasculate. Stress, n, Abbrev. from dis- tress. Old Fr. destressj from the Lat. distringere, districtus. Stn. Force. Strain. Weight Im- portance. Pressure. Urgency. Emphasis. Ant. Alleviation. Slightness. Light- ness. Unhnportance. O^ualty, Touch, Triviality. Stretch, v. tr. and int. Ang, Sax. streccan. Stn. Extend. Expand. Spread. Sla-ain, Tighten. Reach. Ant. Contract. Fold. Curtail. Shrink. Shorten. Strict, adj. Lat, stridusjfrom stringere, to draw or strain. Ap- plied to character and considera- tions. Stn. Close. Exact Accurate. Rigoroua Severe. Ant. Lrive. Lower. Startle. Surprl*. Collide. Touch. Am, Smooth. Soothe. Caress. Pat. Stroke. Efface. Levigate. Withdraw. Raise. Hoist Calm. Graze. Escape. Avoid. Pass. Strip, v. tr. Ang. Sax. strypan. It is applied both to the divest- ment and the thing divested. Stn. Divest. Denude. Bare. Dis- mantle. Disencumber. Flay. Fleece. Rob. Aht. Invest. ,£ndow. Clothe. Enrich. Compeusate. Strive, v, int. Old Fr. estri- ver. Stn, Labour. Endeavour. Struggle. Contend. Vie. Aht. Relax. Surrender. Succumb. Submit. Yield. Withdraw, Strong, adj. Ang. Sax. Strang, strongj strenge, from the root of dring, Sw. Powerful. Vigorous. Solid, Secure. Fortified. Forcible. Impetuous. Hale. Suund. Robust. Cogent^ Influential. Zealous. Potent. Pungent. Muscular. Hardy. Stanch. Tenacious. Ant. Powerless. Weak. FraiL Inse- cure, Defenceless. Feeble. Mild. Calm. Gentle. Delicate. Sickly. Inefficacious. Unsatisfactory. Uncowvinclng. Unim- pressive. Vapid. Impotent. Unavailing, Lukewarm. Debile. Flaccid. Nerveless. Tender. Moderate. Indifferent. Struotueb, n. Lat. structural from struerCf to lay or huild. It is used for the process and its result. Snr. Construction. Erection. Building. Constitution. Constituency, Organization. Edifice. Composiilun. Texture. Ant. Destruction. Subversion. Demo- lition. Disorganization. Analysis. De- composition. Retsolution. Struggle, v. int. Old Swed. strug, a quarrel. See Strive. Struggle, n. See verb. Strut, v. int. Dan. strutte, to swell. See Stride. Stubborn, adj. Old Eng. Conn, with Stub and Stump. Stn." Tough. Unbending. Unyielding. Hard. Obstinate. Intractable. Obdurate. Headstrong. Refractory. Heady, Con- tumacious. Pig-headed. Ant. Docile. Tractable. Manageable. Pliant. Pliable. Malleable. Flexible. Studious, adj. Lat. studiostcs, from studere, to be desirous. Syk. Literary. Diligent. Desirous. Attentive. Careful. Thoughtful. Aht. Unliterary. Illiterate. Idle. In- dulgent. Careless. Regardless. Indifferent. Inattentive. Negligent. Thoughtless. Study, n. Lat. studium. Syn. Application. Learning. Medita* tlon. Diligence. Consideration. Thought. Contemplation. Care. Endeavour, Re- search. Intention. Purpose. Ant. Indiligence. Idleness. Illiterate- ness. Thoughtlessness. Ease. IndiETerence. Carelessness. Unstudiousness. Negligence. StOn, v. tr. Ang. Sax. but prob. conn, with the Lat. attonare, attonitus, stunned, as if thunderstruck, Syn. Confound. Bewilder. Dumb- founder. Astonish. Stupefy. Overwhelm. Overpower. Electrify. Aht. Encourage, Animate. Inspirit Reassure. Stupendous, adj. Lat. stupere, to be astonished. Syn. Amazing Overwhelming. As* tounding. Ant. Ordinary. Unimposing. Stupid, adj, Lat, stupidtcSj stupere, to be astonished. Stn. Dull, Senseless. Stolid. Doldoi. Besotted. Insensate. Ant. Quick. Sharp. Bright. Sensible. Sagacious. Penetrating. Clever. Sturdy, adj. This word has 2 B 370 Synonyms and Antonyms. wandered very widely from its etymological meaning. Old Pr. estourdi,pa/rt.oi\he verb estourder, to stun or amaze, and so motion- less; but now able to stand firmly by physical strength. Stn. Well-set. Thick-set. Strong. Stont. Ant. Lank. Weak. lU-seL Lean. Fragile. Weakly. SuAVlTT, n. Lat. suavitas, suavis, suave. Stn. Mildness. Softness. Pleasantness. Gentleness. Affability. Courtesy. Con- ciliatorinesB. Complaisance. Ant. Roughness. Harshness. Rude- ness. Haughtiness. Superciliousness. Pride. Hauteur. Moroseness. Austerity. Subdue, v. tr. Old Fr. svh- duyer, from the Lat. subduoere, to lead or hring under. Stn. Conquer. Reduce. Overpower. Break. Tame. Quell. Subjugate. Aht. Aggrandize. Exalt. Fortify. Strengthen. Empower. Liberate. En- franchise. Subject, adj. Lat. suhjectus, part, of subjicere, to he under. Of old used of physical situation, now only in a metaphorical sense. Stn. SubOTdmate. Subservient Ex- posed. Liable. Prone. Disposed. Ob- noxious. Amenable. Ant. Superior. Independent. Exempt. Indisposed. Unliable. Unamenable. Subjective, adj. See Subject. Dependent on or derived from one's own consciousness, and in- dependent of the external, or Bometimes regarded not in iteelf, but as entertained by the mind. Sin. Mental. Internal. Intellectual. Aht. External. Objective. Subjugate, v. tr. Lat. subju- gare, to bring, sub jugo, under the yoke. See Subdue. Sublimate, v. tr. Lat. subli- mare, from sublimis, sublime. Stn. Vaporize. Keflne. Hei«;hten. Vie rate, AaiT. Solidify. Crystallize. Indurate. . teat. Coarsen. Worsen. Degrade. Depnve. Lower. Sublime, adj. Lat. sublimit. Used by poets in the sense of physical elevation. Stn. Raised. Exalted. Lofty. Eminent, Grand. Stately. High. Noble. Majestic Glorious. Magnificent. Ant. Low. Depressed. Unexalted. Inconspicuous. ITnimposing. Ordinary, Mean. Ignoble. Inglorious. Base. Ridf culous. Submerge, v. tr. Lat. s«6- mergere, to sink. Stn. Drown. Plunge. Sink, Steep. Immerse. Ant. Raise. Extricate. Educe. Submission, n. Lat. submissio, svhmittere, to submit. Stn. Yielding. Surrender. Inferiority. Dependence. Meekness. Resignation, Patience. Acquiescence. Ant. Resistance. Inanrrender. Insnb- ordination. Independence. Antagonism. Self-assertion. Impatience. SuBMissiVB, adj. See Sub- mission. Stn. Obedient. Compliant. Yielding. Obsequious. Subservient. Humble. Mo- dest. Passive. Acquiescent. Ant. Disobedient. Incompliant. Un« yielding. Inobsequious. Recalcitrant. Refractory. Proud. Resistent. Besitcnt Malcontent. Recusant Submit, v. tr. and int. See Submission. Stn. Yield. Resign. Surrender. Refer. Propose. Suggest. Present. Acquiesce. Succumb. Ant. Recalcitrate. Oppose. Resist Object Withdraw. Resume. Rescue, Recover. Vindicate. Retain. Reserve, Hold. Keep. Contend. Subordinate, adj. Lat. svh and ordinare, to order or arrange. See Subject. Subscribe, v. tr. Lat, sub- scrCbere, to write under. Used in the sense of to record or express an opinion ; followed sometimes by the prep. to. Stn. Affirm. Maintain. Support En- dorse. Assent. Ant. Deny. Disavow. Bepnllftte, Pr» Synonyms and Antonyms, 371 SCBSEQTIENT, adj. Suhsequens, fart, of subsequi, to follow upon. Stn. Posterior. Later. Following. After. AST. Prior. Former. Earlier. Precedent. Anterior. SuBSBRVlKNT, adj. Lat. sub- serviens, part, of subservire, to serve under. See Subject. Subsidence, m. Lat. subsidentia, subsidere, to settle down. Sto. Settlement Sinking. Retreat. Eefluence. Ebb. Decrease. Aht. Rising. Affluence. Flow. Inun- dation. Agitation. Swelling. Intumescence. Increase. SuBSiDiAET, adj. Lat. sid>si- dium, help. SiH. Assistant. Ancillary. Helpful. Adjuvant. Conducive. Favourable. Pro- motive. Adminicular. Corroborative. Tending. AST. Opponent. Obstructive. Preventa- tive. Inconducive. Unfavourable. Re- tardative. Subversive.' Counteractive.^ Subsist, v. int. Lat. sid}sistere, to be. Stn. Be. Live. Continue. Exist. AST. Fail. Starve. Decay. Die, Substantial, adj. Lat. svh- stamtia, substance. Snf. Existing. Real. Solid. True. Corporeal Material Strong. Stout Ant. Imaginary. Unreal. Insubstantial. .Fictitions. Supposititious. Incorporeal Cfaimerical Visionary. Immaterial. Weak, f^il Airy. Disembodied. Spiritual. Ghostly. SuBSTlTDTB, V. tr. Lat. substi- tuere. Syn. Exdiange. Commute. Represent. Beplace. Supply. Depute. Ant. Retain, Fix. Gontinne, Pei^ petnate. SUbilitate, Establish, Subtebpuge, n. Low Lat, mAterfugium, from subter, imder, iaiAftigere, tojlee or escape. Snr. Shift. Evasion. ArtlBce. Dodge. Underhandedness. Sophistry. Ant. Assertion. Promulgation. Chal- lenge. Exhibition. Manifestation. Open- handednesg. Frankness, Daylight Vindi- cation. SuBTQiX, adj. Lat, siAtilis, tub, under or sUgJUly, and tela, a web. Literally anything finely woven. Subtle (which see) has the E,ame der., though differently apphed. Stn. Fine. Thin. Rare. Delicate. Nice. Acute. AHi'. Coarse. Thick. Gross. Crass. Dense. Subtle, adj. See Subtile. Syn. Sly. Artful. Cunning. Insinuat- ing. Astute. Nice. Dlsciiminatmg. Fine, Shrewd. Sopblstical. Jesuitical. Ant. Open. Frank. Honest. Artless, Undiscrimlnating. Rough. Blunt. Un- dlsceming. Unsophisticated. Simple. SuBTEAOT, V. tr. Lat. sub- trahere, tractus. Used in the pe- culiar sense of taking furtively. Sym. Withdraw. Remove. Deduct. Take. Akt. Add. Import. Adduce, Give, Bring. Suburbs, n. Lat, ^uhwrbium, from sub, about, and urbs, a city. Stn. Precincts. Purlieus. Confines^ Environs. AST. Centre. Heart. Citadel Acro- polis. Subvert, v. tr. Lat, subvertere, to turn over. Stn. Overturn. Overthrow. Destroy. Ant. Stabilitate. Perpetuate, Con- serve. Succeed, v. tr. and int. Lat. succedere, to come up. Afterwards used in the secondary sense of coming up with, or attaining to the object of one's endeavours. Syn. Follow. Supervene. Prosper, Ant. Precede. Anticipate. Fail Success, n. See Succession; but used in the secondary sense of succeed. Syn. Achievement Consummation. Prosperity. Victory. Good-fortune. Ant. Failure. Defeat. Disaster. Ruin, Succession, n. Lat, successio. See Succeed. The coining up of one point of time or any one thing upon another, but mora commonly of more than two, Syn. Following, Supervention. Conse« cution. Sequence. Order. Series. Coiy tinuity. Supply, Suite. 2Ba 372 Synonyms and Antonyms. Ant, Precedence. Anticipation. Pre- Tention. Antecedence. Irregularity. Die- order. Non-sequence. Solution. Failure. Intermission. Break. Gap. Inconsecutlve- Qess. Sfooinct, adj. Lat. succmctuH, sub and cingere, to gird. Lite- rally girt up, and so contracted. Srw. Brief. Close. Concise. Terse. Compendious. Condensed. Ant. Prolix. DiFFuse. Discursive. Cir- Mftous. Circumlocutory. StrccoxJE, V. tr. Lat. succurrere, sab, under or up to, and currere, to run. To run to the help of. Stn. Aid. Support. Console. Comfort Help. Assist. Relieve. Ant. Distress. Oppress. Maltreat. In- jure. Thwart. Bunlen. Persecute. Hurt, Succumb, v. int. Lat. succum- here, sub, under, and cumbers, to lie down. It is used both of voluntary and involuntary sur- render. Syn. Surrender. Submit. Acquiesce. Yield. Sink. Resign. Ant. Resist. Rise, Contend. Battle. .Fight. Surmount. Sudden, adj. Lat. svMtaneus, Old Fr. sodain, soudain, soubdain. Ang. Sax. soden. Stk. Unanticipated. Unexpected, Ab- rupt Ant. Gradual. Expected. Transitional. Slovr. Premonished. Anticipated. Suffer, v. tr. and int. Lat. suferre, sub and fero, I bear. When it is used intransitively, in the sense of to be in pain, the word pain is to be understood. Stn, Bear. Endure. Sustain. Support Permit Allow. Admit Tolerate. Ex- perience. Ant. Resist Repel. Expel. Reject Oiaallow. Repudiate. Forbid. Ignore. Sufferance, n. See Suffer. Stn. Toleration. Permission. Endur- Anp£. Moderation. Self-cootroL Long- Buffering. Patience. Ant. Prohibition. Resistance. Non- endurance. Impatience. Insubmission. Sufficient, adj. Lat. suffi- tien!i,part. oisufficere. Sin. Adequate. Equal. Competeirt. QnaliBed. Adapted. Suited. l&ocglL Ample. Ant. Inadequate. Unequal. Incompe- tent. Unqualified. Unadapted. Insuffi* clent. Unsuited. Meagre. Bare. Scanty, Short. Deficient Suggest, v. tr. Lat. suggerere, gestus, sub, under, and gerere, to carry. Stn. Hint. Insinuate. Recommend. Intimate. Ant, Declare. Propound. Enunciates Insist Demand. Dictate. Suit, v. tr. and int. Fr. suite, from suivre, to follow, Lat. sequi, Eng. sequence. Sirs. Fit Adapt Match. Adjust Harmonize, Apportion. Befit. Beseem, Tally. Correspond. Answer, Comport Ant, Misfit, Misadapt Mismatch, Misapportion, Unbeseem, Vary. Differ, Disagree. Miscomport Suitable, adj. See Suit, Syn. Proper. Fitting. Becoming, De- cent, Convenient Accordant Compe- tent Correspondent Harmonious. Uni- form. Homogeneous. Ant. Improper. Unfitting. Unbecom- ing, indecent Inconvenient Inaccordant Incompetent Discordant Various. He- terogeneous. Unsuitable. Suite, n. See Suit and Suc- cession. Used also in the speciai sense of retinue. SuLKT, adj. Ang. Sax. sedcan, to grow feeble. Stn. Sullen. Gloomy, Splenetic; Akt. Genial, Kindly, Sullen, adj. Old Eng, solein, solain, as if from the word solanus, from sdus, solitary. Sue. Gloomy. Heavy. Dismal. Fore- boding. <=:ulky. Moody, Lowering. Cheer- less. Anx (jht light Cheerful. Favour, able. Oeni^. Kindly, Glad. Gladsome Blltl ■ R< LLT, V. tr. Fr, souiUer, with which the Eng. soU, in the sense of the same, is connected. Used metaphorically, Stk. Soil Efface. Taint Tarnish, Spot Stain. Spoil. Disgrace. Disbonour. Ant. Purify. Cleanse. Ennoble. Ho nour. Dignify. SignaliH. GloiUy, Synonyms and Antonyms. 373 . SuLTaY, adj. Corrupted from Bweltry, as swelt is from the Sax. sweltan, to /ail, sink. Syh. CloBe. Oppressive. Depressing. Am. Open. Fresh. Invigorating. Brae- Ing. Elastic. Exhilarating. Breezy. Sum, n. Old Fr. sume, some. New JPr. somme, from the Lat. 5«mma, summus, for supremus, the top. Syn. Aggregate. Amount. Quantity. Collection. Substance. Gist. Tenour. Height Completion. Drift. Bearing. Abt. Part Portion, item, imperfec- tion. Incompleteness. Miscalculation. Mis- interpretation. SuMMAKT, adj. Summarius, gumma, a snn, a winding up. Eapidly winding up. Sra. Compendious. Short Off-hand. Decisive. Quick. Sharp. Uuceremooious. InformaL Rapid. Concise. Ant. Tedious. Circuitous. Roundabout IVotracted. Formal. Ceremonious. Fuuc- tilious. Slow. Summaet, n. See verb. Sin. Analysis. Tabulation. Compen- dium. Precis. Abstract. AfiT. Dilatation. Expansion. Dilu- tion. Sdmmit, n. Fr. sommet, Lat. tummus, highest. Sra. Top. Height. Apex. Culmlna- tioD. Zenith. AST. Bottom, Depth. Ease. Foot. Hadlr. SuuMON, V. tr. Old Fr. semo- ner, semondre, from the Lat. sum- monere, siib and monere, to ad- monish. Sim. Call. Cite. Challenge. Convene. Convoke. Invite. Bid. AST. Discharge. Remit. Relegate. Bend. Disband. Prorogue. Dissolve. Dis- card. Dismiss. Sumptuous, adj. Lat. sumptus, expenditure. Procured at or ex- hibiting great emense. Sto. Costly. Gorgeous. Splendid. Expensive. Magnificent. Prodigal. Lavish. Munificent A>x Poor. Uean. Inexpensive. Sor- did. Niggardly. EconomicaL Illiberal, (ieggailr. l^'ragal. Parsimonious. Saving. SuPBEABLE, adj. Lat. supera- hilis, from superare (super), to overcome. Stk. Feasible. Possible. Manageable. Suroiintahle. ANT. Insuperable. Indomitable. In- vincible. Unmanageable. Impossible. In- surmountable. Superabundant, adj. ■ Lat super and abundant. ISee Abun- dant. Supbeannuatbd, adj. Lat. super annos, beyond the years, i.e., of service. Stn. Effete. Time-worn. Decrepit Passe. Akt. Vigorous. Energetic. Active. Efficient Superb, adj. Lat. superius. Stm. Grand. Magnificent August Stately. Gorgeous. Ajvt, Mean. Common. Commonplace, Unimposing. Shabby. SuPKKOiLious, adj. Lat. su- percilium, the eyebrow, as knit- ting the eyebrows in pride, Stn. Haughty. Contemptuous. Dis- dainfuL Arrogant. Insolent Ant. Affable. Courteous. Respectful. Modest. Bashful. Supererogation, n. Super, above, and erogare, to require. That which in conduct is over and above what is needful or due, and so sometimes used in the sense of Heedlessness. Syh. Superfluity. Excess.- Snperabund- ance. Supervacaneousness. Needlessness. Akt. Necessity. Unprofitableness. Duty. Shortcoming. Deficiency. Superficial, adj. Lat. super- ficies, the surface. Near the sur- face or on the surface, whether literally or metaphorically, Stn. Light Slight Imperfect Shal- low. Smattering. Skin-deep. Ant. Deep. Profound. Abstruse. Re. condite. Accurate. Exact Deep-seated. SuPERFLUlTV, adj. Lat. super, above, and Jluere, to flow. Stn. Redundance. NeedlessneM, So, pererogatiun. Pleonasm. Excess. 374 Synonyms and Anionyms. Axrt, NeceBsity. Necessary, Require- ment. Scantiness. ShortcomlDK< Defi- ciency SxiPERHTJMAN, ixdj. Super, ahovCj and humunus, human. Beyond the nature or ordinary power of man. Sra. Supernatural. Miraculous. Di- vine. Hypi'rpliysical. Preternatural. Ant. Natural. Human. PbysicaL Uo- miraculous. Superintendent, n, Lat. super intendens, from super, abovej and intendere, to heed or inspect. Stn. Inspector. Overseer. Controller. Director. ' Manager. Visitor. Head. Prin- cipal. Supervisor. Ant. Subject. Subordinate. Servant. Employee. Superior, adj, Lat. superior , comparative of superus, from su- per ^ above. Stn. Higher. Upper. Better. Loftier. Excellent. Kemarkable. Eminent. Con- spicuous. Ant. Inferior. Lower. "Worse. Subor- dinate. Ordinary. Common. Unremark- able. Average. Mean. Mediocre. Superlative, adj. Lat. super- latCvus, from superlatus, part, of superferre, to hear beyond. Stn. Supreme. Transcendent. Surpass- ing, Consummate. Extraordinary. Ant. Common. Ordinary. Unremark- able. Supernal, adj. Lat. supernus, from super, above. SxN. Celestial. Heavenly. Ant. TerrestrlaL Earthly. Infernal. Lower. Sublunary, Supernatural, adj. Lat. su- per naturam, above nature. See Superhuman. Supersede, v. tr. Lat. super- sedere. In the sense of to omit or desist from. Stn. Remove. Displace, Obviate. Re- cal. Neutralize. Overrule. Suspend. Ant. Confirm. Perpetuate. Continue. Introduce. Supply. Superstition, n. Lat super- Btitio, from superstare, a standing over a thing as in terror or amaze^ ment. Hence, excessive awe or dread of the Divine or super- natural. Stn. Bigotry, Fanaticism, Ant. Infidelity. Scepticism. Disbelief. Rationalism. Religion. Devotion. Wor* ship. Reason. Supervacaneous, adj. Super, ahove, and vacuus, void. See Su- perfluity. Supervene, v. int. Super and venio, to come. Sth'. Happen. Accrue. Succeed. Occur. AST. Pass. Depart. Disappear, Va- nfsh. Supervise, v. tr. Lat. super and visere, the freq. of videre, to inspect. Stn. Superintend. Control. Manage, Direct Visit. Inspect, Overlook. Ant. Mismanage. Miscontrol. Misre- gulate. Misdirect. Supine, adj. Lat. stipinus, ly^ ing on the back ; hence, careless. Syn. Lazy. Indolent. Indifferent. Care- less. Sluggish. Otiose. Torpid. Ant. Active. Energetic. Laborious. Diligent.' Indefatigable. Supple, adj. Fr. souple, Lat. supplex, sub, under, and plicare^ to fold, bending the knees. Stn. Pliant. Bending. Yielding. Flexible. ElastlCL Servile. Fawning. Cringing. Adulatory. Sycophantic. Ant. Firm. Unbending. Unyielding Stiff. Stubborn. inflexiUc. Inelastic Independent Self-assertive. Superciliong. Suppuoate, V. tr, Lat. See Supple. Stn. I*ray. Beg. Entreat Implore. Solicit Crave. Importune. Ant. Order. Command. Insist Dic- tate. Demand. Supply, v. tr. Lat. suppler^. Stn. Furnish. Afford. Provide, Yield. Contribute. Akt. Expend. Use. Consame. Waste. Exbaust. Absorb. Demand. Withhold. Withdraw. Retain, Support, v. tr. Lat. sub and portare, to carry. Stn. Bear. Uphold. Sustain. MaiD> tain. Continue. Coan ti loauce. Patnoiak Synonima and Antonyms. 375 SnbihUw. Help. Back. Stay. Favour. trap. Aht. Drop. Betray. Surrender. Aban- don. Discontinue. Oppose, Discourage. Weaken. Exhaust Thwart Dlscounte- nanco. Dlefavour. Subvert. Suppress. SUPPOBT, w. See verb. Sttppose^ V, tr, Lat. sujppo- were, to place under, Stn, Assume. Presume. Believe. Ima- gine. Imply. Presuppose. Conjecture. Ouess. Conclude. Judge. Consider. Ant. Prove. Demonstrate. Substan- tiate. Realize, Disbelieve. 13'e.gative. l»eny. Supposititious, adj. See Sup- pose. Falsely placed under, substituted, or supposed. Stn. Fictitious. Ascltitious. Adven- titious. Spurioua Counterfeit. Fancied. imagitiary. Aht. True. Genuine, Authentia Ve- ritable. Actual. ReaU Suppress, v. tr, Lat. mppri- mere, presms, from svhf under, and premere, to press, Stn. Overpower. Extinguish. Subdue. QuelL Crush. Destroy. Restrain. Con- ceal. Hush. Stop. Smother. Aht. Raise. Supports Fan. Excite. Strengthen. Incite. Instigate. Increase. Aggravate. Vent. Publish. Promulgate. Spread. Disseminate. Intensify. SUPPRBSSIBLBI, adj. See Sup- press. Stn. Extingnlshable. Restrainable, Aht. Inextinguishable. Irres trainable. Irrepressible. Indomitable. Supremacy, n, Fr. suprema- tie, Lat. supremus. Stn. Sovereignty. Kon-sul^ection. liordship. Autocracy. Akt. Inferiority. Subordination. Sub- jection. Supreme, cal. Eternal. Sacerdotal. Tkhporabt, otdj. See Tem* poral. Stn. Present Immediate. Partial. Limited. Transient Impermanent Anr. PerpetuaL Lasting. Confirmed. Complete. Final. Perfect Permanent. Entire.' Temporize, ii. int. See Tem- poral. To act according to the policy of the moment, or to gain time. Stw. Play. Fence. Manauvre. Pro- crastinate. Akt. Act Decide. Determine. Con« dude. Tempt, v. tr. Old Fr. tempter ^ Lat. tentare. Of old used in the senses now obsolete, of, firstly, to attempt, and secondly, to put to the test. Stn. Entice. Allure. Try. Decoy. Ant. Dissuade. Deter. Warn. Tenable, adj. Lat. tenere, to hold. Said of action, views, or statements which may be enter- tained as founded on truth or justice. Snr. Maintainable. Defensible. Justifi- able. Sound. Reasonable. Consistent. Aht. Untenable. Indefensible. Un- justifiable. Weak. Hollow. Fallacious, Unseasonable. Inconsistent IrrationaL Absurd. Tbnaoious, adj. Lat, tenax, from tenere, to held. Sts. Retentive. Adhesive. Obstinate, Stubborn. Jealous. Chary. Aht. Irretentive. Inadhesive. Pliani. Intenaclous. Yielding. Liberal. Prodigal Bountiful. Tend, v. int. See Tendency. Tend, v. tr. Lat, tendere. The primary meaning of tendere or to tend was to stretch, both in an act. and neut. sense ; thence to stretch or incline the mind; hence to take caie of, Stw. Nurture. Guard. Watch. M-xnaga Serve. Keep. Aid. Akt. Betray. Desert. Abandon. 380 Synonyms and Antonyms. TENDENCr, 71. Lat. tendere, to tend, Syn. InclinatioiL Vergeiicy. Pronenesa. Proclivity. Bias. Gravitation. Drift. Scope. Aim. Disposition. Attraction. Gonduciveaess. Course. Ant. Disinclination. Aversion. H e- pulsion. Contravention. Deviation, Di- versencj Tangency. Divarication. Op- position. Renitency. Reluctance. Pre- vention. Neutralization. Termination. Tender, v, tr, Fr. tenderej to stretchy Lat. tendere. Syn. Offer. Proffer. Produce. Present. Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Retain. Appropriate. Tender, adj. Lat. te7ier, Fr. te7idre. Stw. Delicate. Frail. Impressible. Sus- ceptible. Yielding. Soft. Kffeminate. Weak. Feeble. Compassionate. Affecti creation. Amusement. Pleasure. ^ ToKBNj n. Ang. Sax. tacenian, tdcnian. Conn, with tcecan, to show, teach. Sth. Sign. Evidence. Exhibition. De- monstration. Sample. Illustration. Me- morial. Ant. Misindlcation. MisrepresentatiozL Falsification. MlBilluHtration. ToLiBRABLE^ adj. Tol&rahilis, tolerare, to endure. That may be endured or suffered to pass as sufficient. Stn. Endurable. Bearable. Support- able. Sufferable. Allowable, Permissible. Sufficient. Passable. Aht. Unendurable. Unbearable. In- supportable. InsuflFerable. UnalIo^^■able, Impermissible. Insufficient Intolerable. Tolerant, adj. See Tolerable. Stn. Forbearing. Indulgent. Large- minded. Ant. Intolerant. Bigoted. Extreme. ToLKRATB, V. tr. See Toler- able. Syn. Suffer. Allow. Permit. Endure. Ant. RepeL Disallow. Prohibit. Re- pudiate. R^ect. Resist. ToNB, n. Lat. tonus, Gr. tov6s, a stretching, as of a string or the voice. Used also for state or con- dition of mind. Stn. Piteh. Loudness. Mood. Temper. Tenor. Character. Drift. Effect. Ant. Atony. Laxity. Tunelessness. ToPj n. Ang. Sax. top, SvN. Apex. Head. Culmination. Ex- treme. Summit. Ant. Foot. Bottom. Root. Base. Tail. Torment, o. tr. Old Fr. tor- mvnt, Lat. tormentunij from tor- quere, to twist. It comprises almost every degree of inflicted pain from teasing to torture. Stn. Tease. Worry. Persecute. Pain, Distress. Afflict. Torture. Harass. Im- portune. Ant. Soothe. Oratii^. Please. EnteT^ lain. Delight. Amuse. Toepid, adj\ Lat. torpidus, from torjtere, to be numb or stiff. 884 Synonyms and Antonyms. Syn. ifunib. Jfeless. Senneleos. Dull. Sluggish. Inac'ive. Hyberaatiiig. Insen- tible. Inert. Akt. Lively. Animated. Gay. Briek. Wimble. Active. Restless. Energetic. Vivacious Sensitive. Alive. Torrid, adj. torridus, torrere, to he hot. SvN. Hot. Burning. Arid. Parching. Scorching. Sultry. Ant. Temperate. Fresh. Cool. Breezy. Gelid. Frigid. Arctic. Brumal. Wintry. TOKTUOTJS, adj. Tortuosus, from tortus, part, of torquere, to twist. SrN. Devious. Circuitous. Anfractuous. Anibiguous. Complicated. Sinuous. Sinis- ter. Inflexcd. AfiT. Right. Straight. Direct. Recti- linear. Straightforward. Undeviating. ToKTTJEE, n. See Tortuous. Pain of an extreme degree. Sth. Agony. Anguish. Racking. Tor- ment. Aht. Ecstasy. Rapture. Bliss. Total, n. Lat. totus, wliole. Syh. Aggregate. Whole. Entirety. Sum. Completion. Aht. Part Item. Portion. Contribu- tion. Tottering, adj. Strictly ^arif. of the verb to totter. Allied to the Prov. Germ, tatfern, dottern, and Eng. titter. Having for the root idea a vibratory motion. Sl-N. Nodding. Faltering. Shaky. Va- dllating. Reeling. Kuinous. AiT. Firm. Unfaltering. Steady. Solid. Immovable. Tough, adj. from tah; tceh. Stn. Resistent, Fibrous. Difficult. Unmanageable. Aht. Yielding. Tender. Soft. Brittle. Fragile. Frangible. Friable. Toy, ■». Dutch tooi. attire, ornament. SiK. Bauble. Trifle. Bagatelle. Akt. implement. Utensil. Weapon. In old writers this word had additional meanings, as conceits or fancies, silly tales, and sports. Tbaoe, v. tr, Fr. tracer, from Ang. Sax. toh. Stubborn. Lentous. Refractory. Hard. Tire, the Lat. trahere. Prob. throngh some such Low Lat. word as tractiare. Sin. Explore. Track. Follow. Thread. Investigate. Delineate. Pursue. Ant- Miss. Lose. Mislnvestigate, Mift- delineate. TbacJ!, n. See verb. Track, v. tr. Old Ft. trae, track of horses or otheir animalt, See Trace. Teaoklbss, adj See Track. Stn. Untrodden. Unfrequented. Patl^ less. Wild. Ant. Frequented. Trodden. Well- marked. Tractable, adj. TractahUis tractare, to treat or manage. Syn. Docile. Manageable. Amenable. Ant. Unmanageable. Unamenable, Re- fractory. Intractable. Teaditional, adj Traditio, tradere, to hand down. Com- monly applied to oral transmis- sion. Syk. Transmitted. Oral. Unwritten. Ant. Written. Documentary. Traduce, v. tr. Traducere. In the sense of to show ar exhibit in public, in which sense traduce was at one time employed, till usage restricted it to such exhi- bition as had a calumnious pur- ,pose. Stn. Calumniate. Vilify. Defkmei Slander. Decry. Ant. Praise. Commend. Eulogize. Tragedy, n. Gr. TpaypSi'a. rpdyos, a goat, and aSij, a song. Prob. because at the earhest poetic competitions a goat was sacrificed, or it may have been given as a prize to the winner. It gradually assumed more and more the meaning of a disastro:ia plot, and, m common parlance, aa follows:— ' Adp-ityl^'^Sttop?"'^'^,, ^^'^^ Synonyms and Antonyms. Tkaoio, adj. See Tragedy. Train, v. tr. Old Fr. trahiner, trainer, from the Low Lat. tra- hina, from trahere, to draw, a drag or sledge. Stv. Lead, Bear. Accnstom. Habituate. Inure, BrilL ExerclBe. Practise. Bend. Educate. AST. JForoc. Break. Trail. Dis- accustom, Disbabituate. Miseducate, Dis< Qualify, Teammcl, n. Commonly used in the plural, Tres maculai, three spots or discs, tremaclum, a sort of net. Used for restraint gene- rally, Sts. Restraint. Sbackles. Fetters. Clog, Hindrance. AST. Liberation. Freedom. Extrica- tion. Unconfinement, Unrestraint Play. TEANQurL, adj. Fr, tranquille, Lat, tranquillus. Stn. Quiet. Peaceful. Calm. Undis- turbed. Unruffled. Composed. Unanxlous. Smooth. AST. Unquiet. Agitated. Disturbed. Anxious. Excited. Restless. Uneasy. Transact, v. tr. Lat, transi- gere, actus, from trans and ago, to carry onwards. Syn. Conduct. Perform. Treat Manage. Negotiate. Ant. Mistransact. Mlscondact. Mis* manage. Misnegotiate. Transaction, n. See Trans- act, Stk. Business. Affair, Proceeding. Action. AsT. Non-performance. Desistance, Mistransaction. iUi&nianagement, Sus- pension. Postponement. Adjournment, Non-transaction. Transcend, v. tr. Lat, trans- cendere, from trans and scandere, to climh beyond. Stn. Surmount. Surpass, Out-top. Outstrip, Excel. Exceed. Eclipse. Outr vie Ant, Fail, Fall, Foil. Transcendent, adj. See Transcend, Of surpassing ex- cellence. Stv, Consummate. Egregious, Insur- piasable. Unattainable, Surpassing. 385 Ant, Ordinary. Attainable. Average. Common. Unsuiprlsing. Transfer, v. tr. Lat. trans- ferre, latus, to carry 'Over. Smt. Convey. Transport. Remove. Sell, Give, Alienate. Translate, Transmit, Forward. Exchange. Ant. Retain. Withhold. Fix. Appro- priate. Keep. TrANSPIGDEE, V. tr. Trans andjigura, a figure. See Trans- form, Teaksfokm, v. tr. Lat, trans- formare, trans and forma. To change into another shape, or alter the shape, Syn. Transfigure, Metamorphose. Change. Transmute, Ant. Stabilitate, Arrest. Perpetuate. Conserve. Tbassformation, n. See Trans- form. Transgress, v. tr, Lat, trans- gredior, gressus, to step beyond. SliN. Break, Violate, Disobey, In- fringe. Trespass. Ant. Observe. Keep, Obev, Fulfil. Respect. Transient, adj. Lat, transiens, part, of transire, to pass on. Syn. Fleeting. Fugitive, Passing, Evanescent, Ephemeral. Momentary, Brief. Ant. Abiding. Permanent. Perpetual, Persistent. Lasting. Enduring, Translate, v. tr. See Trans- fer, TrASSMIT, v. tr. Transmittere, to send on. See Transfer, Transmute, v. tr. Trans and mutare, to chamge. See Trans- form, Transparent, adj. Trans, le- yond, and parere, to appear. Used metaphorically of that which is easily seen through by the mind. Stn. Pellucid. Crystalline. Translucent. Limpid, Diaphanous. Obvious. Indis- putable, Self-evident. Ant, Thick. Turbid. Opaque, Intruu- parent. Mysterious. Dubious. Questloo- sbl«. 3 a 386 Synonyms and Antonyms. TbANSPIUH, v. int. Trans, through, and spirare, to hreathe. Syn, Escape. Appear. Exude. Ant. Lurk. Latitate. Lie. Teanspoet, v. tr. Trans, he- yond,portare, to carry. See Trans- fer. Transport, n. See above. Used in the sense of being carried out of one's self by joy. SrN. Ecstasy. Rapture. Enravishment. Bliss. Ant. Agony. Paroxysm. Mortification. Distress. Annoyance. Vexation. Teansposb, V. tr. Transponere, to alter the order or sense. The word has technical meanings, as in ajgebra, to bring from one side to the other without destroying the equation; in grammar, to alter the collocation of words; and in music, to bring from one key to another. Syn. Change. Transmute. Intercbange. Reverse. Sbift. Transfer. Displace. AST. Stereotype. Stabilltate. Fix. Re- tain. Transverse, adj. Lat. trans- versus, from trans and vertere, to turn. Syn. Athwart. Crosswise. Across. Eectangutar. Ant. Parallel. Rectilinear. Trap, n. Ang. Sax. treppe, trappe. Syn. Snare. Ambush. Stratagem. Pit- fall. Ant. Warning. Beacon. Signal-post. Lighthouse. Premonition. Trapping, n. Used in the plural. From trap, in the sense of to adorn. Syn. Gear. Adornments. Apparatus. Paraphernalia. Tackle. Harness. Hous- ings. A^n. Divestment. Dismantlement. Stripping. Teash, n. Prov. Germ, trasch, husks of grapes, chaff. Syn. Nonsense. Refuse. Vileness. Su- perfluity. Offal. Worthlessness. Seaweed. Sawdust Twaddle. Ant. Sense. Soundness. Usefulness. WJjulum. Treasure. Tea VAIL, n. This word is a different spelling and applica- tion of travel. It is connected, through the Fr. travail, the Sp. trahajo, and the It. travaglio, with the Lat. trahs, a beam, and so with heavy and slow work, as of yoked oxen. Syn. Labour. ToiL Heaviness. Af- fliction. Ant. Ease. Rest Lightness. Joy. Travel, n. See Travail. Syk. Journey. Wandering. Migration. Rustication. Pilgrimage. Excursion. Tonr. Expedition, Trip. Ramble. Peregrina- tion. Ant. Rest. Settlement. Domestication. Teaveese, V. tr. See Trans- verse. Syn. Cross. Thwart. Obstruct. Survey. Explore. Ant. Pass. Omit. Sanction. Permit. Overlook. Disregard. Elude. Avoid. Pretermit. Travebtib, n. Fr. travestir, to disguise, Lat. trans, beyond (cus- tom), and vestire, to dress. Syn. Burlesque. Parody. Disguise. Caricature. Misrepresentation. Mispor- traiture. Akt. Representation. Reproduction. Portraiture. Copy. Exhibition. Recast. Tekachbry, n. Fr. tricherie, from tricher, to trich. Syn. Insidiousness. Faithlessness. Per- jury. Betrayal. Fractiousness. Treason. Akt. Openness. Fidelity. Honour. Chivalry. Generosity. Treason, n. Old Fr. traisen, Lat. traditio, from tradere, to sur- render or betray. See Treachery. Teeasueis, n. Lat. thesaurus. Syn. Jewel. Store. Valuable. Cash. Bullion. Accumulation. Hoard. Gem. Paragon. Model. AST. Trash. Oflal. Refuse. Scum. Dregs. Dirt. Tebabueb, V. tr. See nmm. Syn. Hoard. Accumulate. Save. Value, Enshrine. Idolize. Akt. Scatter. Squander. Dissipata Pisregard. Dlsestecm. Prostitute. \^ai.te Bctniy. synonyms and Aniortyms, 387 Trsat, v. tr. and int, Fr. traiter, Lat. trctctare, Stn. Handle. Manage. Use. Discuss. Entertaia. Discourse. Write. Speak. Ne- gotiate. Akt. Drop. Waive. Abandon. De- cline. Suppress. Mismanage. Misuse. Mistreat. Maltreat, Misconduct. Miftcon- Eider. Misarrange. Trifle. Trbathjb, to. See Treat. SrN. Tract. Essay. Paper. Pamphlet. Disquisition. Brochure. Monograph. Article. Airr. Jottings. STotes. Adversaria. Memoranda, Effusion. Ephemera. Treaty, w. -S'ee Treat. SrN. Contract. Agreement. Covenant. Alliance. Negotiation. Convention. Akt. Neutrality. Non-interference. Non-alliance. Non-agreement. Non-cou- vention. Teemble, w. int. Fr. trembler , Lat. tremulus. Syn. Shake. Quake. Quiver. Shiver. Shudder. Vibrate. Jar. Akt. Stand. Steady. Settle. Still. Calm. Tebmbndous, adj. Lat. tre- mendtcSf from tremerej to tremble. A£ something to be trembled at. Sin. Terrible. DreadfuL Awful. Ap- piUing. Ant. TTnimposing. Unappalling. In- considerable. Tremulous, adj. See Tremble. Stk. Vibratory. Shivering. Jarring. Quivering. Ant. Equable. Motionless. Smooth, avibratory. Vibrationless. Trend, v. int. Dan. and Swed. trendj round. Stn. Deviate. Diverge. Tend. Bend. Curve. Incline. Bear. Ayr. Continue. Proceed. Advance. Trepidation, n. Lat, tr^pi- dare^ to be in a hurried state of alarm, Stw. Terror. Trembling. Emotion, Disturbance. Agitation. Panic. Demorall- uUon. Ant. Immobility. Firmness. Boldness. Steadfastness. Courage. Confidence. Self- pommand. Trebpasb, v. tr. Old Fr. tres- passerj Lat. trans, beyond, and vassiis, a stejp. See Transgress. Trial, n. Old Fr. trial, trier, to cuUjpick out. Stn. Test. Gauge. Experiment. Tempt- ation. Trouble. Affliction. Grief. Bur- den. Suffering. Attempt. Endeavou' Proof. Essay. Criterion, Ordeal. Veria* cation. Ant. Non-trlaL Non-probation. Mis - measurement. Miscalculation. Misesti- mate. Trifle. Triviality. Alleviation. Relief. Disburdonment. Refreshment Non-attempt. Pretermission. Oversight Disregard. Non- verification. Tribulation, n. Lat. tribu- lum, a heavy roller that did the work of a flail. Syn. Trouble. Distress. Persecution Suffering, Affliction. Anguish. Ant. Joy. Rqoicing. Gladness. Kest Deliverance. Tributary, a(^;. lj2X.tributum, tribute^ from tribuere, to afford. Stn. Subject. Subordinate. Inferior. Dependent. Accessory. Auxiliary. Ant. Independent. Unsubdued. Un- conquered. Unreduced, Trick, n. See Treachery. Syn. Artifice. Contrivance. Machination. Stratagem. Wile. Fraud. Cheat. Juggle. Finesse. Sleight. Deception. Imposition. Delusion. Legfrdemain. Ant. Blunder. Exposure. Bujigliug. Mishap. Botch. Fumbling. Inexpertness. MaladroltnesB. Genuineness, Openhanded- ness. Artlessness. Trickle, v. int, A word formed from the sound of falling drops. Comp. Dribble and Prov. Germ, trippeln. Syn. Drip. Drop. Dribble. Ooze. Per- colate. Distil. Ant. Flow, Rush. Stream. Pour. Gush. Burst. Triple, n. Old Dutch trey- felen, to trifle. Comp. also Ang. I Sax. trifdan, trihulan, to break into small pieces. Syn. Bauble. Bagatelle. Toy. Straw. Nothing. Triviality. Levity. Cipher. Joke. Bubble, (iewgaw. Kickshaw. Rush, Ant. Treasure. Portent. Phenomenon. Crisis. Conjuncture. Importance. Ur- gency. Weight Necessity. Seriousness. Trifle, v. int. See noun. Syn. Toy. Play. Dally. Wanton Quibble. Fi'ibble. 2o 2 388 Synonyms and Antonyms. Amt. Treat Cope. Tackle. Grapple. Deal. Tkim, V. tr. Ang. Sax. try- mian, trymman, to prepare. Stn. Prepare. Order. Deck. A(Jjust. Clip. Embellisti. Arrange. Ant. Disorder. Derange. Dismantle. Denude. Divest. Disarrange. Teimmeb, n. See Trim and Timeserving. Tbip, v. int. Dutch, trippen, trippelen. Sys. Bound. Skip. Taunt. Fail. Stumble. Mistake. OfTend. Err. Fall. Amt. Stand. Succeed. Prosper. Speed. Tbite, adj. Lat. tritus, part. of terere, to rub or wear. Syn. Worn. Hackneyed. Common- place. Obvious. Familiar. Trivial. Ant. Original NoveL Stai-tling. In- ventive. TeiumpHj n. Lat. triumphus, Old Lat. triumpus. AlKed to the Gr. Bplafi^os, a Bacchic procession. It used to express both the fact and the feeling of triumph. Syn. Victory. Success. Achievement Conquest. Exultation. Trophy. Amt. Defeat. Discomfiture. Failure. Unsuccess. Abortion. Baffling. Disap- pointment. TEroMPHANT, adj. See Tri- umph. Syn. VictorioOB, SnccessfuL Exultant. Elated. Boastful. Ant. Uuvictorious. BafSed. Humiliated. Unsuccessful. Discomfited. Beaten. Worsted. Trivial, adj. Lat. trivialis, tres vioi, occurring where three roads meet, so to be found everywhere. Also belonging to the common curriculum of the ancient univer- sities, the three sciences of gram- mar, logic, and rhetoric, as dis- tinguished from the higher course, or quadrivium, of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music, in addition. Stk. Trifling. Trite. Common. Un- ImportaHv. Useless. Nugatory. Ant. Important AVeighty. Critical. Original. KoreL Tboop, n. Fr. iroupe. Low Lat. troppus, prob. conn, with turba. Used in the sense of a spe- cific number, as of cavalry, or an equivalent to forces of an army. Also in the general sense of— Syn. Crowd. Assemblage. Multitude. Herd. Coliectioo. Band. Company. Ant. Paucity. Selection. Bevy. Elite. Teopht, n. Fr. trophj, Lat, tropceum, G-r. rponaiov, strictly a monument of the enemy's defeat or turning to flight, from rpeneiv, to turn. Syn. War-spoil. Acquisition. Laurela. Palm. Bays. Wreath. Prize. Medal. Feather. Ant. Brand. Stigma. Tarnish. Stain. Blot Trouble, v. tr. Fr. troubler, Lat. turbare, to disturb, from turba, a crowd. Syn. Disturb. Vex. Agitate. Confuse. Perplex. Distress. Harass. Atmoy. Tease. Molest Grieve. Mortify. Oppress. Ant. Compose. Calm. Allay. Appease. Please. Soothe. Delight Gratify. Ee- crente. Entertain. Relieve. Refresh. Trouble, n. See verb. Syn. AlHiction. Disturbance. Annoy- ance. Perplexity. Molestation. Vexation. Inconvenience. Calamity. Misfortune. Adveraity. Anxiety. Embarrassment. Sorrow. Misery. Grief. Depression. Diffi- culty. Labour. Toil. Effort Ant. Alleviation. Composure. Plea- sure. Appeasement. Delight. Assuage- ment. Happiness. Gratification. Boon. Blessing. Exultation. Joy. Gladness. Ease. Facility. Luck. Recreation. Amuse- ment. Carelessness. Indifference. Indo- lence. Inertia. Indiligence. Tboublesome, adj. See Trou- ble. SfN. Tiresome. Irksome. DlflBcalL Tedious. Arduous. Laborious. Akt. Easy. Pleasant. Amusing. Fa- cile. Light. Unlaborioufl. Uniroublfr- some. Truant, adf. Old. Fr. truant, Low. Lat., of Tmcertain origin, titcamts, trudanus, and trutanitSf Welsh trUj truan, wretched, Syn. Vagabond. Loitering Idling Shirking. Vagrant. Loose. A pocUifc Renegade Synonyms and Antonyms. 389 Ajit Sedulous. Domestic. Industrious. IHUgeut. LoyaL Adherent. Faithful. Atbuhed. Tkuoulknt, adf, Lat. tntou- hnttcSj from trux, Stn. Fierce. Savage. Barbarous. CrueL Bloodthirsty. AvT. Mild, Inoffensive. Gaitlc. Tkue, adj. Ang. Sax. treowe, trewBj trywe. Sni. Veritable. Veracious. Exact. Precise. Accurate, Faithful. Loyal. Ac- tual. Genuine. Pure. Keal. A»T. Fictitious. Unreliable. Unbis- torical. Untrustworthy. Inveracious. False. Inaccurate. Unfaithful. Faithless. Fickle. I'reacherous. Erroneous. Spurious. Per- fidious. Counterfeit. Adulterated. Truism, n. See Truth. Stn. Commonplace. Platitude. Ant. Discovery. Origbaality. Paradox. Trumpery, n, Fr. fromperiej deceit, from trompeVj to deceive. Originally used in this sense. Stn. Trash. Tinsel. Tawdriness. Non- Gense. Ant. Treasure, Valuables. Sense. Wisdom. Trath. Teust,^ v. tr, and int. Old Sax. gitrdst, Germ, trost, cmisola- tioTij hope. Srs. Confide. Rely. Credit. Believe. Charge. Deposit. Entrust, Repose. Hope. Ajrr. Distrust Suspect. Discredit. Doubt Disbelieve. Eesume. Withdraw. Despair. Trust, n. See verb. Truth, n. See True. Truthful, adj. See True. Truthless, adj, , See True. Try, v. tr. See Trial. Syn. Attempt. Endeavour. Strive. Aim. Examine. Test Sound. Gauge. Probe. Fathom. Akt. Ignore. Pretermit. Rejpct. Abandon. Discard. Misexamine. Misln- Testigate. Tumid, adj, Lat. iumidtiSj from ticmerej to swell. SrN. Swollen. Itistended. Protuberant. Inflated. Turgid, llombastic. Pompous. Ant. Smooth. Flat. Level. Plane. Equable. Uninflatod. Subdued. TumuTjT, n, liat. tumultus, from tumerej to swell. Syk. Uproar. Ferment. Disturbance, Tu rfculence. Mutiny, Insubordination. Turmoil. Disorder. Confusion. Noise, Bluster. Brawl. Riot. Ant. Peace. Pacification. Subsidence. Quiet. Tranquillity. Order. Orderliness. Tumultuous, adj. See Tu- mult. Turbid, adj. Lat. turbidus. Syn. Foul. Thick. Muddy. Akt. Clear. Limpid. Crystalline. Turbulence,; TO. Lat. turhu- lentia, twhaj a crowd. See Tumult. Turbulent, adj. See Tumul- tuous. Turgid, adf, Lat. turgidus, turgere, to swell. See Tumid. Turmoil, n. From tm-n and moilf to labour. See Tumult. Turn, v. tr. and int. Lat. toi-- narej to turn in a lathcy from tor^ nuSf a lathe, Fr. tourneVj Ang, Sax. tyrnan, Syn. Round. Shape. Mould. Adapt. Spin. Reverse. Deflect Alter. Trans- form. Convert. Metamorphose. Revolve. Rotate. Hinge. Depend, Deviate, Di- verge. Decline. Change. Ant. Misshape. Misadapt. Perpetuate. Stabilitate. Stereotype. Fix. Arrest. Continue. Proceed. Turn, n . See verb. Syn. Revolution. Rotation. Recur* rence. Change. Alteration. Vicissitude. Winding. Bend. Deflection. Curve. Alter- nation. Opportunity. Occasion. Time. Deed. Office. Act. Treatqient Purpose. Requirement. Convenience. Exigence. Crisis. Form. Cast. Shape. Manner. Mould. Fashion. Cut Ant. Stability. Fixity. Immobility. Statioiiariness. Unchangeableness. Uni- formity. Rectilinearity. Indeflection. Con- tinuity. Untimeliness. Incoguizanoe. Over- sight. Independence, Non-requiremenE;. Malfcnnation. Shapelessness. Turpitude, «.. Lat. turpitudo^ turpis, base, Syn, Baseness. VUeness. DIsgrnceful' ness. Ant. Goodness. Nobility. Conunend ableness. Excellence. 390 Synonyms and Antonyms. Lat. tutela, pro- Mi- Inde- Ang. TUTBLAOE, n tectiwi . Sra. rtotectlon. Guardiansbip. norlty. Training. Pupilage. Ant. Majority. Non-tutelage, pendence. Discretion. TuTOE, n. Lat. from titeri, to watch. &YS. Guardian. Governor. Teacher. Preceptor. Professor. Master. Savant. Ant. Ward. Pupil. Scholar. Student Disciple. Learner. Tyro. TwADDLK, n. Conn, with Tattle. See Trash. Twine, v. tr. and int. Sax. twinan, from twi, two. Sra. Twist. Wind. Embrace. En- twine. Wreath. Bind. Unite. Braid. Bend. Meander. Ant. Untwist. Unwind. Separate. Disunite. Detach. Unwreatb. Unravel. Diaentwine. Continue. Straighten. Twist, v. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. twist, two. Stn. Contort. Convolve. Complicate. Pervert. Distort. Wrest. Wreath. Wind. Encircle. Form. Weave. Insinuate. Unite. Interpenetrate. Akt. Straighten. Untwist. Rectify. Verify. Represent. Reflect. Bender. Preserve. Express. Substantiate. Un- wreath. Unwind. Detach. Disengage. Separate. Disunite. Disentangle. Disin- corporate. Unravel. Type, n. Gr. tvvos, a form. SrN. Mark. Stamp. Emblem. Kind. Character. Sign. Symbol. Pattern. Arche- type. Form. Model. Idea. Image. Like- ness. Expression. Cast. Mould. Fashion. Ant. Non-descriplion. Non-classiflca- tion. Inexpression. Misrepresentation. Misindication. Falsification. Abnormity. Deviation. Caricature. Monstrosity. Typify, v. tr. See Type. Stn. Prefigure. Adumbrate. Prede- lineate. Prerepresent. Foreshow. Prede- monstrate. li'oresbadow. Ant. Verity. Fulfil. Realize. Tyeannt, n. Gr. rvpawos, a tyrant or autocrat. Used in the twofold sense of the exercise and the condition of tyranny. Snr. Despotism. Inclemency. Perse- cution. Autocracy. Ant. Freedom. Independence. Hu- manity. Clemency. Constitutionalism. Ttbo, n. Lat. tire, x newlt^ recruited soldier. Stn. Beginner. Novice. Ant. Professor. Master. Adept Expert, u.* Lat e. AU-pervasivenesa. Ubiquitt, n. everywhere. Stk. Omnipresence. Boundlessness. Ant. NuUibiety. Localization. Limita- tion. UoLY, adj. Old Eng. also ug- some, Ang. Sax. egle, egele, hateful. Stn. Loathsome. Hideous. Deformed. Monstrous. Ungainly. Ant. Attractive. Fair. Seemly. Shapely. Beautiful. Handsome. Ulterior, adj. Lat. Fur- ther. Stn. Further. Remote. Succeeding. Beyond. Ant. Immediate. Present Prior. Hither. Ultimate, adj. Low Lat td- timatus, from ultimus, last. Stn. Last. FinaJ. Conclusive. Re- motest. Farthest. Ant. Prior. Intermediate. Proximate. Preliminary. Umbrage, n. Fr. omhrage, Lat umhra, a shadow A taking nn- defined offence ; a shadowy griev- ance. Stn. Offence. Dissatisfaction. Resent- ment Jealousy. Displeasure. Ant. Complacency. Satisfaction. Gra- tificatlun. Umpire, n. Fr. impair, nom- pair, uneven, that is, making a third hetween two. Stn. Judge, Referee. Arbiter. Ant. Litigant. DisputArit. Unanimity, n. Lat. units, one, and animus, mind. Stn. Accord. Concord. Agreement Consent, Consensus. * For the words compounded of the negative prefix Un reference may be iL«de to the words tbenselves: as, for tJn&ir, Ml Fail. Synonyms and Antonyms. n9i Axs. Vu1ai3(» Discord. Diflagreement. IMsgent. Dissentisuce. TTncouth, adj, Un and cooth, hnowing. Sax. cudh, known. Like quaint, from cognltus, Srw. Odd. Unseemly. Awkward. Boorish. Clumsy. Clownish. Undeibred. Ungainly Akt. Quaint. Neat. Polite, Trim. Modish. Fashionable. Graceful. Courtly. Well-mannered, lletined. Polished. Well- bred. Unction, n. Lat. unctio. An anointing, as with a spirit or life. Srw. Life. Spuit Force. Animation. Fervour. Power. Ant. Flatness. Tameness. Weakness. Inanlmatenesg, Coldness. PerfunctoriQess. Llfelessness. Dilutedness. Vapidity. Unctuous, adf. See Unction. Stn. Oily. Smooth. Fawiung. Flatter- ing. Fulsome. Sycophantic. Compli- mentary. Ant. Abrupt. Unmannerly. Uncom- plimentary. Sarcastic. Cynical. Blunt, Undbeestimatb, v. tr. Under, that is, below the right value, and Lat. cestimarey to estimate. Stn. Underrate. Undervalue. Dis- parage. Ant, Overrate. Overvalue, Exaggerate. Underhand, adj. Done, as it were, by a hand working in secret. Stn. Clandestine. Furtive. Dishonest. Unfair. Fraudulent. Surreptitious. Ant. Openbanded. Straightforward. Fair, Honest, Undisguised. Underling, «. Under, and the termination of the personal diminutive. Stn. Menial. Subordinate. Ant, Master. Superior. Undermine, v. tr. To weaken by running a mine underneath. Stn. Sap. Subvert. Counteract. Baffle. Thwart, Ant. Prop. Support, Countenance. Promote. Aid . Corroborate. Underrate, v. tr. Under and rate, Lat. rata (sc, pars) a reckoned proportion or valvs. See Underestimate Understand, u.ir. Sai' under* standan, to grasp the substantia (ft essence of a thing. Stn, Apprehend. Comprehend. Learn. Recognize. Interpret. Imply. AjfT. Misapprehend, Miscomprehend. Ignore. Misintei-pret. Declare. State. Enunciate. Express, Understanding, n. See Un- derstand. Stn.' Knowledge. Discernment, Inter, pretation. Construction. Agreement. In- tellect. Intelligence. Mind. Ant. Ignorance. Mi^pprebension, Mis- underetanding. Misinterpretation. Mis- construction. Mindlcssness. Irrationahty, Undertake, v, tr. and inf. Under and take. Ang. Sax, tacan. Stn. Engage Attempt. Stipulate Pro- ject, Commence. Promise. Ant. Decline. Abandon, Drop. Dis- continue. Desist. Undketaking, n. See Under- Undulation, n. Lat. imdula, a little wave. Syn. Wave. Vibration. Swelling. Oscillation. Hill. Ant. Standing. Arrestation. Rest. Flattening. Table-land. Plain. Uniform, adj. Lat. uniformis. UnuSy one, and/orma, shape. Stn, Unvarying, Invariable. Con- formable. Homogeneous, Consistent. Re- gular. Symmetrical. Equable. Akt. Varying. Variable. Inconfona- ablo. Incongruous. Diverse. Heterogeneous. Inconsistent. Irregular. UnsymmetricaL Multifarious. Multigenous. Polymorphic. Bizarre. Eccentric. En-atic. Union, n, Lat. unioj units, one, SvN, Junction. CoiJitlon. Combination. Agreement. Harmony. Confederation. Consolidation. Akt. Di^unction. Separation. Sever- ance. Divorce. Disagreement. Discord. Disharmony. Secession. Disruption. Mul- tiplication. Diversification. « Division. Unison, n, Lat. unus, one^ and sonuSj sound, Syn, Harmony. Agreement. Concord, Union. Akt. Discord. Disharmony. DiS'igre» ment. Disunion. Variance. 392 Synonyms and Antonyms, Unit, n. Lat. unitum, part, unire, to unite, unus, one, Sts. Ace. Item. Part. Individual. AuT. Total. Aggregate. Collection. 8nm. Mass. Unite, v. tr. and int. See Unit. Syn. Join. Combine. Link. Attach. Amalsamate. Associate. Coalesce. Cohere. ConcatGiiate. Integrate. Converge. Ant. Disjoin. Sever. Dissociate. Se- parate. Disamalgamate. Resolve. Dis- connect. Disintegrate. Disunite. Dis- rupt. Divide. Multiply. Part. Sunder. Diverge. Unity, ■«. Lat. unitas, from unus, one. Syn. Oneness. Singleness. Individuality. Concord. Conjunction. Agreement. Uni- formity. Indivisibility. Ant. Plurality. Multitude. Com- plexity Multiplicity. Discord. Dis- junction. Separation. Severance. Variety. Heterogeneity. Diversity. Incongruity. Divisibility. Uniyeebal, adj. Universalis, from universus, unus, one, and vertere, to turn. To turn into one whole. Sth. ah. Embracing. Total. Un- limited. Boundless. Comprehensive. Ex- haustive. Complete. Ant. Partial. Local. Limited. In- complete. Exclusive. Particular. Inex- haustive. Exceptioual. Upbkaid, v. tr. Provengal hraidir, hraidar, to cry. Sra. Reprove. Taunt. Reproach. Chide. Ant. Commend. Praise. Eulogize. Laud. Comphment. Applaud. Uphold, v. tr. Up and hold. Ang. Sax. healdan. Stn. Support. Sustain. Elevate. Raise. Countenance. Advocate. Sanction. En- courage. Defend. Maintain. Ant. Subvert. Drop. Discard. Betray. Discountenance. Oppose, liiscourage. At- tack. Repudiate. Abandon. Abjure. Re- nounce. Upright, adj. Up and right. Lat. rectus, straight. Used physically and morally. Syk. Vertical. Erect. Perpendicular, Honest. Honourable. Pure. Principled. Conttcjei tious. Ant. Inverted, inclined. Dishonert Dishonourable. Corrupt. Unprincipled Unconscientious. Uproar, n. Up and roar. Ang. Sax. rarian. See Timnilt. Uproot, v. tr. Up and root. Dan. rod, allied to Lat. radix. Syn. Eradicate. Extirpate. Weed Deracinate. Ant. Implant. Sow. Fobter. Nurture. Cultivate. Upset, v. tr. Up and set. Ang. Sax. settan. Syn. Overturn. Overtnrow, Over- balance. Subvert. Di^establtsh. Ant. Establish. Plant. Stabilitate. Corroborate. Coutirm. Upataet, n. Up and start. Old Eng. Allied to stir. Syk. Plebeian. Mushroom. Akt. Personage. Patrician. Urbanb, adj. Lat. urhama, urhs, a city. Having the refined manners of the city. Syn. Affable. Courteons. Refined. Polite. Ant. Boorish. Discourteous. Unrefined CoaiBe. Ueob, V. tr. Lat. urqere. Syn. Press. Push. Drive. Impel. Propel. Force. Importune. Solicit. Ani- mate. Incite. Instigate. Stimulate. Hasten. Expedite. Accelerate. Despatch. Ant. Repress. Hold. Retain. Inhibit. Coerce. Restrain. Cohiblt. Hinder. Re tard. Discourage. Damp. Obslroct^ Urgent, adj. See Urge. Syn. Pressing. Imperative, Immediate. Serious. Grave. Momentous. Indefer- rible. Akt. Unimportant. Insignificant. Tri- fling. Trivial. Deferrlble. Use, v. tr. Lat. u,sius, utor, to use. Syn. Employ. Kxercise. Treat Frao- tise. Accustom. Habituate. Inure, Ant. Discard. Suspend. Ignore. AvoiiL Disaccustom. Dishabituate. Disinure. Use, II. See verb. Useful, adj. See Use. Syn, Advantageous. Profitable. Helpful Beneficial. Available. Conducive /M, ^";■ Disadvantageous. UnprofltaM»i Obstructive. ReUrdative. Prevenntivft Antagoulstlc. HostUe. CumbersoKS. Imit Synonyms and Antonyms. 393 lensome. Un >neficial. ITnavai.able. In- conducive. Useless. Fi-uitless. Ineffectual. Useless, adj. See Useful. UsnEK, V, tr. From an old French word, of which the mo- dern form is huiSj a door, huis- sieVf a doorkeeper or usher. Syh. Herald. Introduce. Precede. An- nounce. Ant, Follow. Attend. Succeed. Usual, adj. See Use. Stn. Common. Customary. Ordinary. Normal. Regular. Aht. Uncommon. Rare. Exceptional. Uncustomary. Extraordinary. Abnormal. Irregular. Unusual. Usurp, v. tr. Lat. usurpare, from usus and rapere^ to seize. Stn. Seize. Arrogate. Appropriate. Ant. Receive. Inherit. Accept. Utility, n. Lat. utilitasj from utilisj useful^ See Useful. Utilize, v. tr. See Utility. Stn. Localize. Economize. Husband. Ant. Dissipate. Waste. Squander. Sacrifice. Lose. Utter, v, tr. Ang. Sax. utter, uter^ eaterior or outer. Stn. Circulate. Issue. Promulgate. Express. Articulate. Airr. Recal. Suppress. Repress. Hush. Stifle. Check. Swallow. Vacant, adj. Fr. vacant^ Lat. vacanSj part, of vacare^ to he empty. Snr. Empty. Leisure. Unemployi d. Unencumbered. Unoccupied. Void. Un- filled. Mindless. Exhausted. Ant. Full. Replenished. Business. Employed. Engaged. Occupied. Filled. Thoughtful. Vacate, v. tr. See Vacant. Stn. Resign. Surrender. Annul. In- validate. Abrogate. N eu trail ze. ■ Ant. Hold. Retain. FUL Occupy. Bubbtantiate. Vacation, n. See Vacant. Stn. Holiday. Recreation. Ajn Term. Bu8i:y»se. Vacillate, v. mt, Lat. va- cillare. Stn. Fluctuate. Dubitate. Waver. Ant. Determine. Abide. Adhere. Vacuity, n. See Vacant. Stn. Kmptiness. Inanity. Nihility Space. Void. Ant. Fulness. Substance, Matter Occupation. Quantity. Bulk. Vagabond, n. Lat. viffahunm duSj from vagarij to stroll about, Stn. Wanderer. Vagrant, Rogce Tramp. Ant. Worker. Labourer. Vagary, n. See Vagabond. A stray thought or plan. Stn. Whim. Fancy. Crotchet. Freak. Caprice. Ant. Purpose. Determination. Judg- ment. Conviction. Seriousness. Vagrant, adj. Norm. Fr. vagarantj Lat. vagari, to wander, Stk. Vagabond. Strolling. Itinerant Wandering. Sauntering. Roaming. Rov- ing. Am?. Domestic. Established. Local, Resident. Vague, adj. Fr. vague, Lat vagus. At first wandering, then unsettled, then undefined. Syn. General, Lax. Indefinite. Un- determined. Popular. Intangible. Point- less. Ant. Strict. Definite. Detenninei Limited. Scientific. Pointed. Specific Vain, adj. Lat. vanus. Stn. Empty. Worthless. Fruitless. Idle. Ineffectual. Unreal. Conceited. Arrogant. Ant. Solid. Substantial. Sound. Worthy. EflBcient. Effectual. Cogent. Potent. Un- ^ conceited. Modest. Real. Valediction, n. Lat. vt U and dicere, to say vale or farewell^ Stn. Leave-taking. Farewell. Adieu. Ant. Salutation. Hail. Welcome, B^ ceptlon. necoguition. Valiant, adj. Fr. vaillant, Lat. val&ns, part, of valere, to he strong, Stn. Intrepid. Heroic. Courageous, Brave. Redoubtable. Ant. Timid. Puny. Cowardly. Craven Valid, adj. Lat, validus^ from valerej to he strong. 394 Synonyms and Antonyms* Siu. Strong. Powerful. Cogent. Sound. Substantial. Available. Efflcteut. Suffi- cient. Operative. Conclusive. Ant. Weak. Invalid. Powerless. Un- sound. Unsubstantial. Unavailable. In- efficient. Insufficient. Inoperative. Obso- lete. Efifete. Superseded. Inconclusive. Valouk, n. See Valiant. Valuable, adj. See Value. Stn. Precious. Costly. Estimable. Amt. Cheap. Vile. Worthless. Value- less. Value, v. tr, Fr. evaluer, It. and Low Lat. valutare, Stn. Compute. Rate. Estimate. Esteem. Treasure. Prize. Appraise, Ant. Miscompute. Misestimate. Dis- esteem. Disregard. Vilipend. Underrate. Undervalue. Underestimate. ^Despise. Cod- tfimn. Cheapen. Vilify. Value, n. See verb. Vanish, v. int. Fr. ^evanouir, Lat. evanescere, from vanus, empty, Stk. Disappear. Dissolve, Fade. Melt. Ant. Appear. Approach. I^om. Vanity, n. Lat. vanitaSj vanus, vain. Stk. Emptiness. Unsubstantiality. Un- reality. Falfiity. Conceit. Self-sufficiency. Ostentation. Pride. Worthlessness. Tri- viality. Akt. Substance. Solidity. Substan- tiality. Reality. Truth. Modesty. Self- distrust. Simplicity. Unostentatiousness. Humility. Vanquish, v. tr, ¥r. vaincre^ pret vainquis, Lat. vincere. Stn. Conquer, Surmount. Overcome. Defeat. Master. Amt. Succumb, Yield, Faint. Fail. Vapid, adj. It. vapidus. Lite- rally having lost its flavour or life. Vaporized so as to have little goodness or strength left. Stk. Flat. Dull. Spiritless. Flavour- less. Insipid. Tame. Akt. Spirited. Animated. Pungent. Irenchant. Pithy. A^ARIABLE, adj, Lat. variabi- iiSy variaref varius, Stn. Changeable. Mutable. Fickle. Ciprlcious. Wavering. Unsteady Sji- gcuumt. Shifting. Ant. Unchanging. UnchaDgealt .». ift* mutablp. Constant. Firm. rn«^, i-Mt StauncD. Unwavering. Steady. Unalterabltt Invariable. Vakia-NOB. See Variable. Stn. Difference. Disagreement. Di* cord. Estrangement. Antagonism. Stril^ Hostility. Discrepancy. Ant. Unity. Reconciliation. Harmony. Agreement. Pacification. Peace. Ao- commodation. Consent. Variation, ti. See Variable, Stn. Deviation. Alteration. Mutation. Diversity. Departure. Change. Abnor- mity. Exception. Discrepancy, Ant. Continuance. Fixity. Indiver- gency. Exemplification. Law. Rule. Uniformity. Harmony. Agreement Variety, n. Varietas^ varius, various. Used both for variation and the specific case of it. Stn. Difference. Diversi ty. Multi- formity. Abnormity. Ant. Uniformity. Species, Type. Specimen. Various, adj. See Variety. Stn. Different. Diverse. Mullifonn. Multitudinous. Ant. One. Same. Identical. Uniform. Few. Similar. Varnish, v. tr. Fr. vernir, vernisseTj prob. from the Low Lat. vitrinus, for vitretiSy glassy, vitrura, glass. Used metaphori- cally. Stn. Glaze. Gloss. Disguise. Palliate. Embellish. Sophisticate. Furbish. Ant, Simplify. Divest. Dlsembellish. Disencumber. Vary, v, int, and tr, Lai variare, varitbs. Stn. Alter. Dissimilate. Change, Di- versify. Differ. Deviate. Disf.gree. Ant. Perpetuate. Stabilitat^ Assimi- late, Stereotype. Harmonize. Conform. Vast, adj. Lat. vastus. Stn. Waste. Wild. Desolate. SpaciouSb Wide. Bound 1 ess. Measurel ess. Enor- mous. Mighty. Huge. Immense. Ajjt. Narrow. Close. Confined. Pro« quented. Populated. Cultivated, Tended Tilled. Limited. Bounded. Circumscilbed. Moderate. Vaticination, n. Lai vat^ cinium, vates, a prophet. Synonyms and Antonyms. 395 8fN. Prophecy. Divination. Augury, prediction. Akt. Retrospection. Realization. Re- hearsal. Verification. Fulfilment. Ac- complishment. Vaunt, v, tr, and inf. Vr, avanty forwards. To put forward unduly. Sin. Boast Brag. Puff. Hawk. Trumpet. Cackle. Advertise. Flourish. Cry. Parade, Akt. Repress. Suppress. Conceal. Dis- parage. Decry. Detract Vker, V, int. Ft. virer, Low Lat. virare, Sp. virar. Used as transitive only in certain nautical phi'ases. Stn. Shift Tergiversate. Trim. Tem- porize. Ant. Stand. Stick. Persist Remain. Adhere. Vegetate, v. int. Lat. vege- tarCj vegetus, alive. Used figura- tively for leading a life of mere natural subsistence and growth. Syn. Grow. Sprout. Germinate. Idle. Bask. Pullulate. Hibernate. Aht. Fade. Pine. Wither, Decay. Rot Stir. Bustle. Work. Energize. Operate. Vehemence, w. See Vehe- ment. Vehement, adj. Lat. vehe- mens, ve, privative partickj and menSj the mind. Carried away by an uncontrolled and as it were mindless force. Srw. Violent Impetuous. Ardent. Burning. Fervent Raging. FurioiK. Passionate. Ant. Mild. Feeble. Inanimate. Sub- dued. Controlled. Unimpassioned. Pas- sionless. Cold. Stoical. Gentle. Weak. Mitigated. Veil, v. tr. Lat. velare, velum j a veil. SrN. Intercept Hide. Screen, Dls- ffuise. Palliate. Ant. Expose. UnveiL Strip. Denude. Exaggerate. Velocity, n, Lat velocitas^ velox, rapid. Stw. Quickness. Swiftness. Speed. Celerity. Rapidity. Fettuess. Ant. Slowness. SIuggisfaDcns. Tardi- ness, Leutor. Languor. GnmbrousDe^^ Inactivity. Venal, adj. Lat. venalis, ve- nire, to be sold, venus, sale. Stvt. Sordid. Mercenary. Frcetitntb Pelfish. Ant. Disinterested. Unmereenary. In* corrupt. Venbbatx, v. tr. See Venera- tion. Veneration, /(. Lat. vene^ ratio. Stn. Reverence. Adoration. Worship. Ant. Contempt, Disesteem. Loathing Vilification. Vengeance, w. Ft, vengeance, Lat. vindioare. Stn. Retribution. Retaliation. Aht. Forgiveness. Pardon. Condona- tion. Amnesty. Grace. Remission. A b- solution. Oblivion. Indulgence. Re- prieve. Venial, adj\ Lat. venia, par- don. SvN. Pardonable. Excusable. Remia- aible. Ant. Unpardonable. Inexcusable. Ir- remissible. Mortal. Venomous, adj. Venom. Lat venenum. SxK. Poisonous. MaUgnant. ViruleDt Slanderous. Ant. Wholesome. Salubrious. Genial. Flattering. Kindly. Venture, n. Fr. aventw-e. Low Lat. adventura. St^. Speculation. Chance. Hazard. Risk. Experiment Throw. Ant. Non-speculation.- Caution. Re- servation. Calculation. Certainty. Law. Method. Venturous, adj. See Ventura Stn. Daring. Rasb. Intrepid. Auda> clous. Ant. Unventuresome. Canttons. Timid. Unenterprising. Veracioub, adj. Lat. verax, veruSy true. Syn. True. Credible. Reliable. Honest Truth-loving. Trutbftil. Historical. Akt. False. Mendacious. Inveracioua DeceitfuL UnhistoricaL Romantic. Im» ginatlve. Vbraoitt, n. Sef Veracious, 896 Synonyms and Antonyms, Verbal, odj, Verbum, a word. Syn. Oral Spoken. Unwritten. Un- fecorded. AjiT- '^Vritten. Dociunentary. Episto- lary. Recorded. VBEBOdE, adf. See Verbal. Stk. Wordy. Prolix. Prosy. Tedious. Akt. Curt. Laconic Succinct. Terse. Concise. Verdict, n, Lat. vere dictum, that which is truly said. Stn. Judgment. OplnioD. Decision. Sentence. Akt. Non-declaration. Indecision. In- de termination. Veege, n. Lat. vergere, to turn or incline, Syn. Border. Brim. Edge. Margin. Brink. Eve. Aht. Heart. Depth. Centre. Midst VergEj V. int. See noun. Stn. Tend. Bend. Slope. Incline. Approach, Approximate. Trend. Bear. Ajnt. Decline, Deviate. Revert. Depart. Recede. Return. Back. Retrocede. VeeifTj V. tr. VeruSj true, and/acere, to 'make. Stn. Establish. Confirm. Fulfil. Au- thenticate. Substantiate. Identify. Realize. Test. Warrant. Demonstrate. . Ant. Disestablish. Subvert. Fail. Fal- sify. Mistake. Misrepresent. Misstate. Disappoint. Misdemonstrate. Vbeisimilittjdb, n. Verum, true, and simUitudo, likeness. Stn, Probability. Consistency. Likeli- hood. Akt. Improbability. Inconsistency, Un- likelihood. Veritable, adj. Lat. verita^ hilis, Veritas, truth, Stn. True. Actual. Real. Authentic. Original. Ant, False. Fictitious, Unreal. Un- authentic. Spurious. Supposititious. Feigned. Sliam, Untrue. Vbmtt, n. Lat. Veritas. Syn. Truth. ReaUty. Actuality. Ex- istence. Akt. Falsity. Unreality, Supposition. Hypothesis. Conjecture. Chimera. Dream. Delusion. Fancy. Phantasy. Vernal, adj. Lat. ver, vernus, spring. SvN. SprinK. Youthful. Genial. Balmy. Nascent. Ant. Wintry. Aged. BmmaL Hj. bemal. Harsh. Ungenial. Cutting. Au- tumnal. Decadent. Declining. Versatile, adj. Lat. v^sa^ tilis, from versare, freq. of vertere, to turn. The word has the twcv- fold meaning of given to tnming or change, and having the foculty of tnrning from one conception to another, as a versatile mind or person. Syn, Changeable, Unsteady. Unfixed. Capricious. Varied. Many-sided. Multi- genous. Manifold. Variable. Mobile. Plastic. Ready, Ant, Immovable. Immutable. Fixedg Unvaried. Unvarying. One-sided. Uni- form. Invariable. Stolid. Immobile. Un- ready. Versed, adj. Lat. versatus, versari, to be engaged. Stn. Skilled. Practised. Conversant Acquainted. Initiated. Indoctrinated. Familiar. Ant. Unskilled. Ill-versed. Unpractised, Inconvei-sant. Unfamiliar. Uninitiated Ignorant. Awkward. Strange. Unversed. Untaught. Vertical, adj. Lat. vertex, a turning-point or summit. • Stn. Perpendicular, Uptight. Ant. Inclined. Sloped. Scarped. Vest, v. tr. Lat. vestire,vesti$f a garment. Used also metapho- rically. Stn. Robe. Clothe. Furnish. Endow. Akt. Divest Strip. Unrobe. Denuda Deprive. Vestige, n. Vestigiumj foot' step. StIi. Trace. Mark. Indication. Sign. Token. Remnant. Record. TraiL Soent Ant. Misindication. Obliteration. Ef- facement Non-indication. Indemonstrable- ness. Deletion. Veteran. «. Lat. veteranus, vetus, eris, old. Stn. Habitud. Expert. Adept. Profi- cient. Ant. Tyro. Recruit. Novice. Lubber Vex, v. tr, Lat. vexare. SvN. Tease. Irritate. Provoke. Troubla Disquiet. Harass. Afflict Annoy. Art. Soothe. Appease. Gratify. Qulei Please. Synonyms and Antonyms. 397 Ybxation, n.j VexatiouSj adj. See "Vex. VlOAKlOUB, adj. Lat. vicarius, mciSj change, turn. Not, how- ever, occurring in the nomina- tive. Stn. Substitutive. Deputed. Delegated. Representative. Procuratorical. Ant. Pei-3onal. Self-performed. Vice, n. Lat. vitium. Syn. Corraption. Fault. Defect. EvlL Crime. Immorality. Siu. Badness. Ant. I*«rity. Kaultlessness. Perfection. Virtue. ImmaculateneBS. Goodness. Sound- ness. ViciNiTYj n. Lat. vicinus, neighbouring. Stn. Juxtaposition. Neighbourhood. Nearness. Proximity, Ant. Distance. Eemoteness. Separation. Removal. Vicious, adj. See Yice. Stn. Corrupt. Faulty Defective. Bad. Morbid. Peccant. Ant. Pure. Sound. Perfect. Virtuous. Healihy. VIOISSITUDB, w, Lat. vicissi- tude. Sth. Change. Alternation. Interchange. Revolution. Mutation. Aht. Perpetuity, Stability. Change- lessness. Immutability. Fixity. Victim, n. Lat. victima. Li- terally an animal bound with the vitta or fillet of sacrifice. Used metaphorically. Stk. Sufferer. Prey. Martyr, Dupe. GulL Aht. Sacrificer. Seducer. ViOTOEiouB, adj. See Victory. Victory, n. Lat. victoria, vin- cere, to conquer, Stn. Conquest. Triumph. Ovation. Success. Ant. Failure. Defeat. Frustration. Disappointment. Abortion. Miscarri^e. Vie, v. int, Ang. Sax. vngian, wigga/n, to contend. Stn. Strive. Contend. Compete. Emu- late. Rival. Ant. Yield. Succumb. Retire. Sur- render, ViBW, V. tr. Old Fr. veue. Mod. Fr. vue, from veoir, or voir, Lat. videre, to see, It. veduta. Stn. Behold, Examine, Inspect. Ex- plore. Survey. Consider. Contemplatew Reconnoitre. Observe. Regard. Estimates Judge. Ant. Ignore. Overlook. Disregard. Mi* consider, Misinspect. Misobserve, Mis- estimate. Misjudge. View, n. See verb, Stn, Sight. Vision. Survey. ExamW nation. Inspection. Judgment. Estimate. Scene. Representation. Apprehension. Conception. Opinion. Object. Aim, In- tention. Purpose. Design. End. Ant. Blindness. Occultation; Obscura- tion. Darkness. Misexamination. Decep. tlon. Error. Delusion. Mi^udgment, Misrepresentation, Misconception. Airo- I^sness. Non-intention. Vigilance, n, Vigilantia, vigil, watchful. Stn. Watchfulness. Wakefulness. Sleejv lessness. Observance. Carefulness. Acti- vity. Circumspection. Ant. Drowsiness. Inattention, Care- lessness. Indiligence. Somnolence. Inob- servance. Inactivity. Indifference. Con- nivance. Un watchfulness. Vigilant, adj. See Vigilance. Vigorous, odj, Lat. vigor ^ from vigere, to he strong, SrN. Strong, Lusty. Powerful. Ener- getic. Efficacious. Nervous. RobiKt. Vi» rile. Manly, Active, Resolute, Ant, Weak. Feeble. Powerless, Nerve- less, Enervated. Deblle. Debilitated. Effete. Em££culated. Inactive. Irresolute. Indolent. Vile, adj, Lat. vilis. Cheap, worthless. Stn. Cheap. Worthless. Valueless; Low. Base. Mean. Despicable, HatefuL Bad. Impure, Vicious. Abandoned. Dfr graded. Wretched. Ant. Costly. Rare. Precious. Valu- able. High. Exalted. Noble. Honourabt^ Lofty. Venerable. Vilify, v, tr. Lat, vilis, and facere, to make, Syn. Debase. Degrade. Spoil De- teriorate. Mar. Defemie. Traduce. Abusa Decry. Cheapen. Ant. Purify. Refine. Exalt. Raise. Improve. Enhance. EuloglaCL Praise Land. Panegyrise. Commeid. Villainous, adj. Low Lat villanus, a serf, villa, an estate, SXK, Set Vile, 398 Synonyms and Anionyms. Vindicate, v. tr, Lat. vindi- care. Syn. Assert. Maintain. Claim. Sub- stantiate. Justify. Establish. Ant. Waive. Abandon. Surrender. Forego. Disprove. Disestablish. Neutralize. Nullify. Destroy, Subvert. Annul. Vitiate. Vindictive, adj, Lai vindicta, punishment. Eestrioted, however, by usage to an undue or selfish desire of retribution. Syn. Revengeful. Spiteful. Unforgiving. Unrelenting. Implacable. Kancorous. Un- merciful, Ant. Forgiving. Generous. Forbearing. Merciful. Unvlndictive. Violate, v. tr. Lat. violare^ v's, violence. Sin. Ravish. Break. Infringe. Pro- fene. Transgress. Disobey. Ant. Respect Foster. Observe. Re- gard. I'reserve. Cherish. Protect. Obey. Violence, n, Violentia, viSjforce, Sin. Vehemence. Impetuosity. Force. Outrage. Rage. Frofanatiou. Infringe- ment. Fierceness. Oppression. AssT. Lenity. Mildness. Self-restraint. Feebleness. Gentleness. Respect. For- bearance. Self-control. Observance. Obe- dience. Preservation. Conservation. Pro- tection. Violent, adj. See Violence. Virile, adj\ Lat. virilism vir^ a man. Stn. Manly. Masculine. Robust. Nerv- ous. Vigorous, Ant. Feeble. Debile. Puerile. Effemi- nate. Emasculate. Virtual, adj. Low Lat. vir- tualiSf virtus, power. Stn. Potential. Implied. Constructive. Practical. Substantial. Indirect. Essential. Implicit. Amt. Stated. Expressed. Categorical. Direct. Sensible. Material Definite. Developed. Explicit. Virtue, n. Lat. virtus. Ori- ginally, manly, strength, and courage. Sth. Power. Capacity. Strength. Force, EfiBcacy. Excellence. Value. Morality. .Goodnees. Uprightness. Purity. Chas* tity. Salubrity. Ant. Weakness. Incapacity. Inability. Inefflcacy. Badness. Corruption. Vice. ImmoralUy. Impurity. (Jnchastity Viru- leucti Aluiigiiauc-y. Virtuous, adj. See Virtue. Virulence, n. Lat. virvleii' tia, from virus, poison, Stn. Venom. Poison. Acrimony. Ma ligni ty . Malignancy. BittemebS. Male volence. Ant. Mildness. Salubriousneas. Assuage ment. Abatement. Virtue. Benevolence. Viscid, adj. Lat. viscidus, from viscum, the mistletoe, or bird- lime made from the berries of that parasite. Stk. (ilutinous. Ropy. GJelatlnous. Sticky. Cobewive. Ant. Watery. Limpid. Intenacioui. Incobesive. Visible, adj. Lat. visibilis^ videre, to see. Stn. Perceptible. Apparent. Conspi- cuous. Observable. Discernible. Distin- guishable. Ant. Imperceptible. Non-apparent Inconspicuous. Impalpable. Microscopic. Invisible. Inobservable. Concealed. Eclipsed. Withdrawn. Indiscernible. In- distinguishable. Vision, n. Lat. visio, videre, to see. iSee View. Visionary, ad)\ See Vision. Syn. Fanciful. Dreamy. Chimerical. Baseless. Shadowy. Imaginary. Unreal. Fabulous. Roman tla Ant. Actnal. Real. TruthfuL Sound. Substantial. Palpable. Unroniantic. Sober. Veritable. Vital, adj. Vitalis, vita, life. SvN. Living. Animate. Life-supports ing. Life-containing. Essential. Import- ant. Indispensable. Inseparable. Para- mount. Material. Ant. MorlaL Lethal. Cadaverous. Lifeless. Inanimate. Unessential, Unim- portant. Secondary. Separable. Imma- terial. Vitality, n. See Vital. Vitiate, v. tr. Lat. vitiare, vitium., dffect. Syn. Impair. Corrupt. Spoil. Ii^jure. TnvalidaLe. Ant. Corroborate. Confirm. Substan- tiate. Justify. Vindica.0. Sanction. Vivacious, adj, Vivax^ from vivHs, alive. Syn. Alive. Lively. Animated. Sprightly Sportive. AcUtq. Synonyms and Antonyms, Am. Dead. Lifeless. Tnanimate. Dull. Stolid. Moody. Heavy. Wuod«n. Leaden. Torpid. Sluggish. Splritiesd. Vivid, adj\ Lat. vividus, vivere, to live, Syn. Bright. Brilliant. Luminous. Beaplendent Lustrou«. Radiant. Scln- tillant. Ant. Dull. Opaque, Non-luminous. Obscure. Rayless. Lurid. Sombre. Ncm- reflecting. Dim. Dusky. Cloudy. Nebu- lous. Pale. Wan. Caliginous. Vocation, n, Lat. vocatio, vocarej to call, Syn. Profession. OflSce. Calling. Func- tion. Mission . Avocation . Capaci ty . Eknploymeut. Occupation. Ant. Inconversance. Incapacity. Lei- gare. Non-employment. Vogue, n. French. Literally a rowing together, a way or cus- tom. Sth. Way. Custom. Fashion. Repute. Use. Usage. Akt. Desuetude. Disuse. Disesteem. Unfoshionableness. Disrepute. Abolition. Voice, n, Lat. vox, vocis, Fr. voix. Stn. Tone. Utterance. Language. Articulation. Words. Expression. Signi- ficdtion. Opinion. Vote. Suffrage. Say. Control. Ant. Aphony. Muteness. Abmutes- oence. Voicdessness. Silence. Inarticnla- tion. Inexpresslon. Dumbnees, Inuutho- ritativeness. Void, adj. Old Fr. void, from the Lat viduus, wanting or de- prived, Stn. Wanting. Empty. Destitute. Bereft. Unoccupied. Unfilled. Unsub- stantial. Lacking. Invalid. Null. Ant. Possessed. Endued. Furnished. FulL Occupied. Solid. Substantial. Rich. Valid. Operative. Good. Eflacadous. Volatile, adj\ Volatilisj from volore, to fly. Stn. Vaporizable. Sublimable. Dis- tillable. Airy. Spirituous. Evaporating. Gf^* . Lively. Fligh Ly . Capricious. Irre- Eolute. Ant. Fixed. Solid. Persistent. Dull. Sombre. Demure. Steady. Determined. Resolute. Icvolatile. Volition, ri. Low Lat. volitio, from volo, to wish. 399 Stn. WilL Choice. Preftrenoe. De- termination. Purpose. Dehberatlon. Free- wilL Ant. Force. Fate. Necessity. Me- chanism. Cumpu^ion. Predestination. Coercion. Voluble, adj\ Voluhilis, vol- verCj to roll. Syn. Rolling. Running. Coursing- Fluent. Rapid. Loquacious. Glib. Ant. Stagnant. Creeping. Tardy. Sltjw Sluggish. Lazy. Torpid. Hesitating. Tar- diloquent. Stammering. Stuttering. Volume, n. Volumen, volvere, to roll. Its technical sense oi book is derived from the fact that the early books were manu- script rolls. Syn. Size. Body. Bulk. Magnitude, Compass. Quantity. Ant. Dimlnutivenesa. Tenuity. Mi- nuteness. Smallness. Voluntary, adj\ Voluntas, the will. Stn. Deliberate. Spontaneoua Free, Optional. Discretional. Ant. Compulsory. Coercive. Necessi- tated. Involuntary. Volunteer, v. tr. See Vo- limtary. Syn. Offer. Proffer. Tend. Originate. Ant. Withhold. Refuse. Suppress. Voluptuous, adj, Voluptas, pleasure. Syn, Sensual. Luxurious. Self-indul- gent. Licentious. Ant. Unseiisual. Abstinent. Self- denying. Ascetic. Sober. Voracious, adj. Yorax, vo- rare, to devowr. Stn. Hungry. Absorbent. Ravenous, Rapacious. Insatiate. Omnivorous. Gur- mandizing. Ant. Epicureun. Squeamish. Fafltl* dious. Delicate. Dainty. Nice. Vouch, v. int. Nom. Fr. vou- cher. Lat. vocarej to call, i.e., in order to witness. Used with the prep. for. Syn. Attest. Undertake. Promise. Assure. Warrant. Vow. Ant. Demur. Repudiate. Decline. Abnegate. Abjure. Renounce. Protest. Vouchsafe, v. tr, /Ses Vouch. 400 Synonyms and Antonyms, Primarily, to yoiich that another shall be safe, that is, held harm- less. But as uoue but a supe- rior could do this, to vouchsafe came to mean to grant with the condescension of a superior. Syn. Grant. Accede. Concede, Con- descend. Ant. Refuse. Withhold. Deny. Vow, V. tr, Fr. vou&r, Lat. . voverej votum. See Vouch. VuLGAB, adj. Vulgaris, vulgus, the commmi people. Syn. Popular. General. Loose. Ordi- nary. PubUc. Vernacular. Plebeian. Un- cultivated. Unrefined. Low. Mean. - Coarse. Underbred. Ant. Strict. Scientific. Philosophical. Restricted. Technical. Accurate. Patri- cian. Select. Choice. Cultivated. Re- fined. Polite. High-bred. Stylisb Aris- tocratic. Vulnerable, adj. Vulnera- hilis, vulnusj eris, a wound. SrN. Assailable. Weak. Exposed. Tender. Delicate. Ant. Unassailable. Impregnable. In- rulnerable. w. "Wages, n. Used in plural. Old Pr. wager, wagier, New Fr. gager, of ■which the root is the Gothic vadi, which became the Low Lat. vadium, wadium, and guadium, a pledge or engagement. Sra. Remuneration. Hire, Compensa- tion. Stipend. Salary. Allowance. Aki. Gratuity. Douceur. Premium. Bonus. Grace. "Wait, v. int. Old Fr. waiter, gaiter, gaitier, and gueiter. Conn, with the Germ, wachten, and the Eng. watch. S-zs. Stay. Tarry. Kost. Stop. Abide. Expect. Ant. Speed. Hasten. Press. "Waive, v. tr. Same word as wave, though used in a peculiar Bense. Syn. Forego. Abandon. Eemit. C*De«l Drop. Rclinquisb. . _» Akt Press. Urge. Enforce. Awert Claim. Vindicate. "Wake, v. tr. and imt. Ang. Sax. wacan, wacian, wacigan, wacigean, and, in the transitive sense, weccan, weccean, and awec- can. STTf. Rouse. Suscitate. Excite. Re- animate. Jlevive. Awake. Watcb. Recel. Evoke. Summon. Provoke. Call. Ant. Sootbe. Allay. Appease. Lay, Husb. Lullaby. Mesmerize. TranquiUiae, Quiet. "Wan, adj. Ang. Sax. wann. wonn, wan, won. Properly, worn out by ton, from wimmn, to labour. Syn. Pale. Livid. Lurid. I>usky, Bloodless. Haggard. Ant. Fresh-coloured. Lively. Bright^ Incarnadine. Sanguine. Chubby. "Wander, v. int. Ang. Sax. wandrian, wandorian. It has both a general sense and the particular sense of deviating from a given point, course, or subject of thought. Stn. Ramble. Bange. Stroll. Rove. Expatiate. Roam. Deviate. Stray. P^ part. Err. Swerve. Straggle. Saunter. Navigate. Circumnavigate. J'ravel. Ant. Rest. Stop. Perch. Bivouac Halt. Lie. Anchor. Alight. Settle. Moor. Pause. Repose. "Wake, o. int. Ang. Sax. wanian, wonian. Stn. Fade. Pale. Decrease. Diminish- Decline. Fail. Siak. Ebb. Deterioratft, Recede. Pine. Droop. Attenuate. Con- tract Akt, Brighten. Increase. Improve. Mend. Advance. Rally. Develop. Re- cover. Expand. "Want, ??. Ang. Sax. wanian, Eng. wane. Syn, Deficiency. Lack. Failure. In- sufficiency. Scantiness. Shortness. Omis- sion. Neglect. Non-production. AN sence. Ant. Supply. Sufficiency. Fioyfalca Abundance, I'rodnction. Allowance. SnP' plement Adejjuacy. Synonyms and Antonyms, 401 "Wahton, adj. Welsh gmantan, apt to separate J fickle. Stn. Wandering. Roving. Sportive. Playful. Frolicsome. Loose. Unre- strained. Irregular. Licentious. Dissolute. Inconsiderate. Heedless. Gratuitous. Ant. Stationary. Unroving. Unspor- tive. Unplayful. UnfroUcsome. Joy- less. Thoughtful. Demure. Sedate l>is- creet. Staid. Self-controlled. Well-regu- lated. Formal. Austere. Purposed. Deli- berate. Cold-blooded. Determined. Ward, v. tr. Ang. Sax. wear- diaUj to keep. Old Fr. warder^ garder, guarder. Another fonn of guard. Syh. Watch. Guard. Fend. RepeL Ant. Betray. Surrender. Admit. Warfare, n. Old Fr. guerre, and/are (fnire), to go or proceed. The condition of war. Stk. War. Hostilities. Antagonism. Qimpaign. £jigagement Belligerence. Akt. Peace. Truct " Pacification. Ac- commodation. Reconciliation. Armistice. Neutrality, Friendliness. Warltkk, adj. War and like. Sth. Military. Martial. Belligerent. AST. Peaceful. CiviL UnwarUke. Pa- oific. Unmilitary. Warm, adj\ Ang. Sax. wearm. See Warmth. Stn. Calescent Blood-warm. Thermal. Genial Irascible. Hot. Ardent. Eager. Excited. Interested. Animated. Amt. Frigid. Cold. Tepid. Starved. Indifferent. CooL Unexcited. Passion- less. Warmth, n. See Warm. SrN. Incalescence. Ardour. Glow Fervour. Zeal. Heat. Excitement ^mestness. Cordiality. Animation. Eagerness. Vehemence. Geniality. Sld- "oerity. Passion. Irascibility. Emotion, -life. Ant. Fri^dity. Frost. Gont^lation. Jciness. CoMuess. Calmness. Coolness. Indifference. Torpidity. Insensitiveness. Apathy. Slowness. Ungeniality. Insin- cerity. PassioDlrasness, Hypocrisy. Good- temper. Death. Warn, v. tr. Ang. Sax. war- \hian. Allied to ware and wary. Stn. Premonish. Monish. Admonish. Notify. Dissuade. Deter. Alarm. A3set. & sourage. Incite. Instigate. indnoe. Warning, n. See Warn. Warp, v. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. weorpan, to throw or twist. Syn. Turn. Twist. Shrink. Give Contort. Bias. Unhinge. Distort. Preju« dice. Corrupt. Narrow. Pervert. Akt. Siand. Hold. Direct. Guide. Control, Correct. Regulate. Train. Con- duct. Rectify. Expand. Warrant, v. tr. Old Fr waranter, garanter, guarantir. Stn. Secure. Undertake. Engage. Sup- port. Justify. Assure. Ant. Imperil. Endanger. Repudiate. Nullify. Invalidate. Warranty, n. See Warrant. Wary, adj. Aug. Sax. wur, war. Germ, gewahr, amare. Ex- hibiting the caution of experi- ence or suspicion. Stn. Suspicious. Cautious. Watchful. Guarded. Circumspect. Ant. Unwary. Unsuspecting. Incautious. Invigilunt Unwatchful. Unguarded. Uncir- cuDispecu Heedless. Wash, v. tr. The intransitive sense being somewhat colloquial. Ang. Sax. luasCj gewasc. Stk. Lave. Rinse. Absterge. Akt. Soil. FouL Contaminate. Washy, adj. See Wash. Used metaphorically. Stn. Weak. Vapid. Dilated. Spirit less. Pointless. Ant. Vigorous. Nervous. Forcible Pregnant. Treocbant. Pungent. Waste, v. tr. and int, Aug. Sax, westan. Sth. Ruin. Destroy. Devastate. Im- pair. Consume. Squander. Dissipate. Lavish. Desolate. Pine. Decay. At- tenuate. Dwindle. Shrivel. Wither. Wane. Akt. Restore. Repair. Conserve. Pre- serve. Perpetnate. Protect. Husb:ind. Economize. Utilize. Hoard. Treasure. Accumulate. Enrich. Flourish. Luxuriate. Multiply. Augments Develop. Watch, v. tr. and int. Allied, through the Sax. wacian, to wake. Stn. Wait. Wake. Contemplate. Ob- serve. Note. Tend. &uard. Akt. Disregard. Overlook. Mlsob' serve. 2d 402 Synonyms and Antonyms. Watchpui, adj. See Watch. Stk. Vlgilart. Expectant. Wakeful. Heedful. Careful, Observant. Attentive, Circumspect. Wary. Cautious. Akt. Unwatchful. Invigllant. TTn- walteful. Slumbrous, Drowsy. Heedless. Careless, Inobserviint. Inattentive. Un- nircumspect. Unwary. Incautious. Dis- b'Acted. Wateb, v. int. Aug. Sax. waflan, with the same meaning as the Dutch weifelen, and the Mod. Germ, waheren, to waver, totter, hesitate. So the word is not to be associated etymologi- cally with wave. Stn. Hesitate. Dubitate. Fluctuate. Halt. Vacillate. Alternate. Ant. Determine. Decide. Rest Repose. Settle, Wavwaed, adj. Aug. Sax. woewardUce, wantonly, from wea, woe, malice. The word expresses the self-will which tends to harm. Stn. Wilful. Froward. Perverse. Ko- fractory. Akt, Docile. Manageable. Amenable. Weak, adj. Ang. Sax. w&c, from whan, to yield or totter. Sth. Feeble. InSrm. Powerless. De- bile. Fragile, Incompact, Inadbesive. Pliant, Frail. Soft. Tender. Destructi- ble, Watery, Diluted. Imbecile. luefB- cieiit. Spiritless, Foolish, Injudicious, Unsound, Undecided, Unconfirmed, Wavering. Impressible. Ductile. Easy. Malleable. Unconvincing. Inconclusive. Vapid. Pointless. AST. Strong. Vigorous. Robust. Mus- cular. Nervous. Powerful. Tough, StouU Lusty. Sturdy. Compact. Adhesive. Re- sistent. Fibrous. Hard. Indestructible. Potent, Intoxicating, Efficient. Spirited. Animated. Wise. Sound, Judicious. Co- gent, Valid, Decided. Determined. Un- wavering. Stubborn. Unyielding. In- exorable. Conclusive. Irresistible. Forci- ble. Telling. Weaken, v. tr. See Weak. Stk. Debilitate. Enfeeble. Enervate. Dilute. Impair. A«T. Strengthen. Invigorate. Em- piiver. Corroborate. Confirm, Weakness, n. See Weak. Sra, Debility. Feebleness. Enervation. Dilution. Impairment, Languor. Imbe- ciUty. Infirmity, Decrepitnde. Frailty. Faintness. Inconcluslveness. Worthless- ness. Want. _ ,,t o ._,i Akt. Strength. Power. Nerve. Spirit. Renovation. Vigour. Lnstiness, Tone. Cogency. Activity. Conclusiveness. Effi- ciency. Value. Abondanco. Wealth, n. Origioally nsed in the sense of weal, from which it is derived. Sth. Infiuence. Riches. Abundance, Opulence. Ant, Indigence. Poverty. Scarcity. Impecuniosity. Wean, v. tr. Aug. Sax, wen- nian, wennan, to accustom, wean. The English is, however, em- ployed in the following senses : — SxiT. Disaccustom, Dishabituate, D& tach. Alienate, Withdraw. Ablactate. Akt. Accustom. Habituate. Innfe. Reconcile. Attach. Associate. Conciliate; Enlist. Draw. Attract, Weapon, n. Aug. Sax. wcepen. Sjh. Instrument Implement. Utensil. Arm, AST. Shift. Makeshift. Contrivance. Wear, v. tr. and inf. Aug. Sax. werian, werigean, weran, to carry or wear, as, arms or clothes ; hence the derived sense of to im- pair by use, Stn. Carry. Bear. Exhibit Sport Consume. Don. Waste. Impair. Ruh. Channel. Groove. Excavate. Hollow. Diminish. Ant. Doff. Abandon. Repair. Reno- vate. Renew. Increase. SwelL Au{^ ment Weary, adj. Ang, Sax, werig. In old use it had an active sense sometimes, though seldom now employed, as a weary way, meaoi- ing a tedious or laborious journey. Stn. Fatigued, Tired, Exhausted. Wora Jaded. Debilitated. Spent Toil-worn. Faint Ant, Fresh. Vigorous. Keonilted. Re- novated. Hearty. Weave, v. tr, Aug. Sax. wefan. Sts, Interlace. Braid. Intertwine. I» tetmix. Plait Complicate. Intersect Asi. UnraveL Untwist Dtaoiittli Synonyms and Antonyms, Dientangle. Elstricutc Simplify. Enn- deftte. Disaeot "Web, n. See Weave. Wbd, V, tr, Aug. Sax. wed- dian, to covenant, promise, wed. Only used abstractedly in the intransitive sense, but meta- phorically in the transitive. Stn. Link. Marry. Espouse. Ant. Separate. Divorce. Wedlock, to. See Wed. Wed- laCf from wedd and lac, a gift or offering, Stn. Marriage^ Matrimony. Espousals. Nuptials. Coverture. Match. Airr. Celibacy. Singleness. Misogamy. Divorce. Weight, n, Ang. Sax. wiJd, gewiht. Stn. Gravity. Ponderosity. Heaviness. Pressure. Burden. Importance. Power. Influence. Efficacy. Consequence. Mo- ment. Impressiveness. Ant. Lightness. Levity. Portahleness. Alleviation. Unimportance. Insignifi- cance. Wealcness. Inefficacy. 0nim- pressiveness. Triviality. Worthlessness. Wblcomb, n. Well and come. Stn. Reception. Salutation, Ant. Repudiation. Kepulsion. Welcome, adj. See noun. Stn. Grateful. Acceptable. Pleasant. Agreeable. Ant. Unwelcome. Ungrateful. Un- acceptable. DiataBteful. Unpleasant. Dis- agreeable. Weleaee, /t. Well and fare, to go or proceed. Stn. Wellbeing. Prosperity. Happi- ness. Luck. Tbrilt. Ant. Adversity. Reverse. Unsuccess. Unprosperousness. Unhappinesa Ill-luck. Harm. Hurt. Whbkdlk, V. tr. Perhaps from the Ang. Sax. wddUanj to be poor, to heg, uiiless we suppose a purely phonetic origin for the word, as imitative of some coaxing sound. Stn. Coax. Cajole. Decoy. Flatter. Entice.- Aht. Deter, Chide. Scare. Undeceive. Disabuse. Whet, v, tr. Ang. Sax hwet- 403 tan, to sharpen. Used meta- phorically. Stn. Sharpen. Incite. StIrauTate. Ant. Blunt. PalL Deaden. Satiate. Nauseate. Whimsical, adj. Perhaps from the Welsh chwim, a brisk motion. Stn. Freakish. Capricious. Fanciful Fantastic. Quaint. Droll. Farcical. Ant. Staid. Serious. Sober. Orderly Demure. Sedate, Wholb, adf. Ang. Sax. hal, whence Eng. hale, sound, healthy. Stn. Total. Entire. Complete. Sound. Healthy. Perfect Unimpaired. Undi- minished. Integral. Undivided. Gross. Ant. Partial. Imperfect. Incomplete. Unsound. Sick, Impaired. Diminished. Fractional. Divided. Sectional. Whole, n. See adjective. Wholesome, adj. See Whola Teiiding to health. Stn. Healthful. Salubrious, Salutary. Salutiferous. Beneficial. Ant. Unhealthy. Unhealthful. Insalu- brious. Insalutary. Pr^udicial. Un- wholesome. Deleterious. Detrimental Morbific Wicked, adj. Ang. Sax. wic- cian, to hetvitch. As if crimes were attributed to some evil in- fluence or enchantment. Syn. Evil. Bad. Godless. Sinful. Im- moraL Iniquitous. CriminaL Unjust. Unrighteous. Irreligious. Profane. Un- godly. Vicious. Atrocious. Nefarious. Heinous. Flagitious. Abandoned. Cor- rupt. Ant. Good. Virtuous. Just. Godly. Moral. Religious. Upright. Honest. Pure. Honourable. Incorrupt. Sinless. Spotless. Immaculate. Stainless. Wield, v. tr. Ang. Sax. wealdanj waldan, to rule. Stn. Manage. Handle. Emplcy. Sway. Brandish. Ant, Mismanage. Misemploy. Discard. Resign. Depose. Surrender. Deposit Ab- dicate. Wild, adj. Ang. Sax. v^ld Used in many analogous senses. Stn. Untamed. Undoraesticated. Uiv cultivated. Uninhabited. Desert. Savage. Uncivilized. Unrefined. Rude, Ffroci'^'ia, Untrained. Viokct Ferine Tarbulert. 404 Synonyms and Antonyms. Ungovorncd. Inordinate. Disorderly, Chi- merical. ViBionaiy. ' incoherent. Having. Distracted. Haggard. Ant. Tame. Domesticated. Cultivated, Inhabited. Frequented. Populous. Civi* Uzed. Polite. Heiined. Keclaimed. Gentle. Mild. Subdued. Regulated. Orderly. Eatlonal. Collected. Coherent. Sane. Sober. Sensible. Calm. Trim. Wile, ■«. Ang. Sax. wile, of which another form is guile, throug'h the Old Fi. guile. It generally implies a covert aim at others' hurt, Stn. Guile. Craft. Cunning. Artiiice, Art. Device, Machination. Plot. Design. Stratagem. Ant. Openness. Candour. Ingenuous- ness. Friendliness. Franltness. Artless- ness. Wilful, adj. Will and full. Either according to the will, as distinct from accidental, or with too much of self, and so self- willed, Syn. Purposed. Deliberate. Designed. Intentional. Prepense. Premeditated. Pre- concerted. Wayward. Refractory. Stub- born. Self-willed. Headstrong. Ant. Undesigned. Accidental. Unin- tentional. Unpremeditated. Docile. Obe- dient. Amenable. Mauiigcuble. Deferen- tial Considerate. Thoughtful. Win, v. tr. and int. Ang. Sax, wonnan, to strive, labour, fight, gain. Stn, Allure. Procure. Gain, Obtain, Conciliate. Earn. Succeed. Conquer. Ant. Repel. Forfeit. Miss. Alienate. Fail. Winning, adj. See Win. Sto. Alluring. Engaging. Attractive, Seductive, Ant, Repulsive. Unpleaslng, Unat- tractive. Unwimiing. Winnow, v. tr. Ang. Sax, windevian, to fan. Stn. Sift. Simplify. Eaiminatc, Dis- nncumber. Sort, Ant. Confuse. Amalgamate. Confound. Intermix. Wisdom, n. Ang. Sax. wtsddm, trom wh, wise, and the termi- uative dom, of prevalence. Stn. Kncwledsfi^ Erudition. Learn- ing, Enlightenment, Attainment. Inform* tiOT. Discernment, Judgment. Sagacity Prudence. Light. , „ . ,. Ant Ignoronce. lUitcratenesB. Sciohsm Empiricism. Smattering, InacquaintoDca. Indlscernment Injudiciousness. FoUy Imprudence. Daruicss. WisK, adj. See Wisdom. Wit, n. Ang. Sax. wit, witt, gewitt. Syn. Mind. Intellect, Sense, Reason. Understanding. Humour, Ingenuity, Ant. Mindlessness. Sensele&snesa, Irrationality. Dulness. Stolidity, Stupi- dity, Doltishness, Wash, Vapidity, In- anity, Platitude. Commonplace, Withdraw, v. tr. and int. With and draw. Stn, Retract, Recal, Revoke, Wrest. Retreat, Retire, Recede, Ant. Offer. Proffer, Propound, Pro- duce. Afford. Confirm. Beitetate, Re- peat, Wither, v. tr. and int. Ang, Sax, wyderu, dryness. STN. Shrivel. Dry, Collapse, Shrink. Blast. Blight. Ant. Swell. Grow. Freshen. Luxu- riate. Wanton Refresh, Expand, De- velop, Withhold, v. tr. With, hav- ing the sense of with one's self, and so against, or prohibitory to another, and hold, Stk. Retain Keep. Inhibit Cohlbit. Stay. Restrain. Refuse. Stint. Ast. Grant. Afford. Furnish, Pro- vide. Allow. Permit. Encourage, Incite, Concede, Lavish. Withstand, v. tr. and ivt. With, as in withhold, and stand. Stn. Oppose. Resist. Coufl-ont. Face. Ant. Yield, Surrender. Submit. Ac- quiesce, Countenance, Support En- courage, Aid, Abet Back. Witness, «. Ang. Sax. tvitness, gewitness, from witan, to know. Stn, Attestation, Testimony, Evi- dence, Corroboration, Cognizance, Cun-o- borator. Eye-witness, Ear-witness, Spec* tator. Auditor, Testilier, Voucher. Ant. Invalidation. Incognizance. Refuta- tion, ignorance. Alien. Ignoramus. Strauger. Wrrcr, adj. See Wit SynonymB and Antonyms, 405 Wok, w. Aug. Sax. wd. Stn. Urief. Sorrow. Misery. Cala- mity, Atlliction. Distress. Disaster, Trouble, ilalediotion. Curse. Ant. Joy. Gladness. Comfort. Boon. Happiness. Prosperity. Weal. Benedic- tion. Blessing. Wonder, w. Ang. Sax. wun- der. Used for the feeling of wonder, and anything which may excite it. SrN. Amazement. Astonishment. Sur- prise. Admiration. Fhenomenon. Pro- digy. Portent. Miracle. Sign. Marvel. Ant. Inastonishment. Indifference. Apathy. Unamazement. Anticipation. Expectation, Familiarity. Triviality. Wonderful, adj. See Won- der. SxN. Amazing. Astonishing. Surpris- ing. Startling. Awful. Prodigious. Por- tentous. Marvellous. Miraculous. Super- natural. Unprecedented. Ant. Unamazing. Unastonishing. Un- surprising. Common. Every-day. Regu- lar. Normal. Customary. Usual. Ex- Sected. Anticipated. Calculated. Current. Fatural. Unwonderful, Unmarvellous. Wont, n. Ang. Sax. woned^ from won, wone, to dwell, whence vmna, ctcstom. Srs. Rule. Custom. Use. Habit Ant. Exception. Deviation. Disuse. Desuetude. Word, n, Aug. Sax. word. Sra. Term. Expression. Aj*t. Idea, Conception. Work, n, Ang. Sax. weorc, were, wore. Used for labour, and the result of it, SrN. Exertion. Effort. Toil. Labour. Employment Performance. Production. Product. Effect. Result. Achievement. Composition. Operation. Issue. Fruit. Ant. Effortlessness. Inertia. Rest Inoperativeness. Non- employment. Non- performance. Non-production. Abortion. Miscarriage. Frustration. NeutraUzation. Fruitlessne^. Worry, v. tr. Dutch worgen, wurqen, to throttle. Stn. Harass. Importune. Vex. Mo- lest. Annoy. Tease. Torment Dis- quiet. Ant. Soothe. Calm. Gratify. Please. Amuse. Quiet. Worship, v. tr. Worth and the termination ship. Stn. Adore. Reverence. Revere. Ant. Abominate. Loathe. Contemn. Worship, n. See verb. Worth, n. Ang. Sax. weordhj wyrdhy wurdh. Stn. Value. ■ Rate. Estimate. Cost Price. Merit Desert Excellence. Ant. Inappreciableness. Cheapness. Worthlessness. Demerit Worthless, adj. See Worth. Stk. Cheap. Vile. Valueless. Useless. Base. Contemptible. Despicable. Hepro- bate. Vicious, Akt. Costly. Rich. Rare. Valuable. Worthy. Useful. Honourable, Estimable. Excellent. Noble. Precious. Admirable. Virtuous. Worthy, adj. See Worth- less. Wound, v. tr. Ang. Sax. wund. Stn. Rend. Cut Hurt, Injure. Harm, Damage. Paiu. Mortify. Annoy, Gall. Irritate. Lacerate. Ant. Heal. Soothe. Allay. Repair. Mollify. Soften. Gratify. Please. Wrangle, v. int. Ang. Sax. wringan, to wrest or wring. Low Germ, wrangen, to wrestle. Syn. Altercate. Bicker. BrawL Jangle. Contend. Akt. Converse. Confabulate. Harmo- nize. Accord. Wrap, v. tr. Prob. allied to warp. Stn. Wind. Fold. Involve. Infold. Envelop. Encumber. Amt, Unwind, Unfold. Develop. Un- wrap. Eliminate. Wrath, n. Ang. Sax. wrcedh. Stn, Ire. Passion. Rage. Fury, An- ger, Exasperation. Ant. Gratification. Approval. Delight Appeasement Pacification. ReconciliatiuD Compassion. Leniency. Mercy. Wretched, adj. Ang. Sax. wrecca, wracca, a vagrant or exile. Stn. Miserable. Debased. Humiliatedi Fallen. Ruined. Pitiable. Mean. Paltry. Worthless. Vile. Despicable. Contempt* ible. Sorrowful. Afflicted. Melancholy Dejected. 406 .Synonyms and Antonyms. Amt. Flonrisbing. Prosperous. Happy. Unfallen. AdmiraWe. Noble. Honour- able. Worthy. Valuable. Enviable. Joyous. Felicitous. Elated. Weong, adj. Allied to wring, as if wrung from the right. Syk. Unfit, Unsuitable. Improper. Mistaken. Incorrect, Erroneous. Unjust. Illegal. Inequitable. Immoral Injurious. Awry. Akt. Fit. Suitable. Proper. Correct. Accurate. Eight. Just, l^egal. Equit- able. Fair. Moral. Beneficial. Straight, Wbt, adj. Dan. vrie, vride, to bend. Stjt. Atwist. Contorted. Distorted, Deformed. Deranged. Ant. Straight Right. Just. Fit Proper, Shapely. Comely. Y. Yeakn, v. int. Ang. Sax. gew- iiian, gernan. Conn, with earn. To be desirous. Used formerly in the sense, now obsolete, of to suffer grief or pain. Stn. Long. Hunker. Ant. Loathe. Revolt. Recoil Shud- der. YnxD, V. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. gildan, geldan, to pay. Stn, Furnish, Produce, Afford, Ren- der, Relinquish, Resign. Surrender, Con- cede, Allow. Grant Submit, Consent Ant, Withdraw, Withhold, Retain. Deny, Refuse, Vindicate. Assert, C^im, Disallow, ■ Appropriate. Resist Dissent Piotest. Recalcitrate. Struggle. Strive. Yoke, v. tr. Ang. Sas. geoc^ Joe, Juc. Used metaphorically for to fasten as by a yoke, or to reduce as under a yoke. Syk, Couple. Connect Link. Enslave Snt^jugate. Ant. Dissever. Divorce, Disconnect Liberate. Release. Manumit Enfran- chise. Youthful, adj. Ang. Sax. geogudh, with other forms. Youth. Stn. Juvenile. Young. Early. Fresh. Beardless. Ant. Aged. Senile. Mature. Decrepit Decayed. Venerable, Antiquated. Super- annuated. z. Zeal. Ft. zele. It. ze?o, Gr. f^Xoff. Syn. Ardour. Interest. Energy. En* gagedness. Heartiness. Earnestness. Fer- vour. Enthusiasm. Ant. Apathy Indifference. Torpor Coldness, Carelessness. Sluggishness. In- cordiality. Zealot, n. See Zeal, Syk. Partisan. Bigot Enthusiast. Fanatic. Ant. Benegade. Traitor. Deserter. Zest, n. Lat. sckistusj Gr. 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