The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014515583 SUGGESTIONS FOR THE PARATION OF MANUSCRIPT AND ILLUSTRATIONS FOR PUBLICATION BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. BY W. A. CROFFUT, JANTJAEY, 1892. Cornell University Library Z 254.U55 Suggestions for the preparation of rnanus 3 1924""6l4"515 583 SUGGESTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPT AND ILLUSTRATIONS FOR PUBLICATION BY THE. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. By W. J±. CROPFUT. JANUAET, 1892. *J A y 7/ f SUGGESTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPT AND ILLUSTRATIONS FOR PUBLICATION BY THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, U. S. Geological Survey, Editorial Division, Washington, D. C, January 1, 1892. Hon. J. W. Powell, Director U. 8. Geological Survey. Sik: Pour years ago Mr. Thomas Hainpson, the chief of this division, outlined a set of rules for the use and assistance of authors in the pre- paration of papers intended for publication by this bureau. Those rules were approved and promulgated by you, and they have aided the Survey in attaining approximate uniformity in the presentation of its results.. Experience, however, has shown the inadequacy of these rules in some important particulars, and I have ventured to revise them after carefully considering their significance and bearing, after examining the limitations which the training of a thousand typesetters in the Gov- ernment Printing Office practically imposes, and after consulting the judgment and taste of contributors to the monographs, bulletins and reports that are published under your direction. It is perhaps sufficient to put forth the results of this revision under the head of " suggestions " rather than " rules," for experienced authors have definite literary preferences of their own, and you have expressed the desire that they shall not be asked to surrender even the most trivial of these except to satisfy the claims of consistency. If the accompanying suggestions meet your approval I request that they be printed for distribution to those interested. Very respectfully, W. A. CROFFUT, In charge Editorial Division. Approved : \\ - Director. SUGGESTIONS. Form of manuscript. 1. " Copy " may be furnished as written by the author, as copied by an amanuensis or as printed on a typewriter. It can be most conven- iently handled in the last mentioned form, but liability to error increases each time a manuscript is copied and is considerably less with an author's original manuscript than with a copy of any description that has not been carefully revised. 2. Directions to typewriters and amanuenses will be found under section 45. 3. Unless a manuscript be a mere compilation, a comprehensive and concise abstract making one printed page or more should be submitted for publication with it." 4. Tens of thousands of dollars are expended by the Government Printing Office in correcting and. resetting proofs of matter from various departments, the original manuscript of which was incomplete. This serious evil and the necessity of remedying it can not be too con- stantly borne in mind in the preparation of papers for publication. Tables of contents and headings. 5. It is not deemed advisable to adopt a series of type to be inva- riably used for headings throughout the publications of the Survey, but an effort will be made in the Editorial Division to secure uniformity so far as may be deemed desirable. To assist in effecting this, authors are requested to forward with each manuscript offered for publication a table of contents showing, by graduated indention, the order and relation of headings used throughout the work. 6. Headings should be concise. The definite article is usually super- fluous. Tlie use of numerals or letters before headings is generally unnecessary and inadvisable. Paragraphs. 7. An author should carefully consider the paragraphing of a work before submitting it for publication, and all paragraphs should be clearly indicated. Eeparagraphing in proof should be avoided, as it is expen- sive and increases the chance of error. 5 6 Illustrations. 8. Illustrations should constitute the graphic explanation of scientific facts germane to the subject discussed. They should net be used for mere embellishment. 9. The objects, photographs or drawings for illustration should ac- company the manuscript; each should be clearly numbered, and the necessary titles and legends (or descriptions) should be inserted at the proper places in the body of the manuscript or on slips affixed thereto. A complete list of plates and figures should form a part of the paper. 10. Illustrations should be distinctly referred to in the text in the order of presentation. 11. Plates are printed as sheets separately from the text and should be designated by Roman numerals ; figures occupy less than a page and are printed with the text and they should be numbered in Arabic. 12. If separate parts of an illustration are referred to they should be marked with italic lower case letters, as a, b, c. The textual references to these should be, e. g., PL rva; Fig. 56. If a plate or" figure is com- posed of two or more separate illustrations, each should be marked with a capital letter and its parts should be referred to as, e. g., PL vi, A; PL VI, B a; Fig. 7, C6. 13. Each illustration should be so marked as to show to what manu- script it belongs, its number as plate or figure, and the scale of repro- duction desired, and the features that may require the especial attention of the artist and the engraver should be indicated. On .this last point there is great advantage in supplementing written instructions by per- sonal conference betweeu the author and the chief of the Illustrations Division. References and quotations. 14. Authors will be responsible for the correctness of their copy. The general verification of names, references and quotations can not be attempted by the Editorial Division. Names should be so mentioned as to be easily identified by the reader, and initials should be given in all cases of possible doubt. Bibliographic references should be so complete as to enable the reader to refer at once to the page, paragraph or chapter of the work cited. A general reference is not only useless but is commonly misleading; unless specific it hud better be omitted. 15. Where two or more references to the same work occur in imme- diate succession and on the same page, ibid, may be used for a repetition of the title and the new page and volume should be added if different ; where occurring in other relations the title should be repeated either as first given or in an abridged form. Where references are made in immediate succession to two or more volumes of a series idem may be used in place of the general title of the series. 16. In reprinting extracts the precise orthography, the punctuation and the grammatical errors of the original should not be preserved at the cost of clearness and consistency, except in case (1) of extracts in which quaintness of form is intentionally preserved and (2) of citations in discussions of a controversial character. Foot-notes. 17. Where a passage is copied from a printed book the name of the author and the short or full title, edition, volume, date and page of the work should be giveu in a foot-note in the order here indicated. 18. The primary function of a foot-note is the publication of matter which is unimportant to most readers but important to a few. It is also legitimately used for parenthetic and partially irrelevant matter of such extent that its insertion in the main text would interrupt the logical sequence. These considerations should determine doubts as to whether given matter should be included in the text or in foot-notes. Date of administrative reports. 19. Annual administrative reports should be dated July 1 of the fiscal year following that for which the report is made and tenses should be used with reference to that date. The report should record no occur- rence of subsequent date. Italic. 20. Italic should be used in the text" for emphasis or conspicuousness only, whether the language be English or foreign. Capitalization. 21. The names of geologic formations and ages should be capitalized. The words western, central, etc., should not be capitalized in the phrases "central Iowa," "western New York," and similar combina- tions. The words state, territory, nation, country, republic, government, kingdom, empire, etc., should not be capitalized, as, " this state," " the state of Indiana," "the United States government," etc. Generic geographic names, such as river, lake, basin, valley, county, city, should not be capitalized, but should be written, Potomac river, Moosehead lake, lake Superior, Great Salt lake, the gulf of Mexico, Mississippi basiu, Sacramento valley, Jefferson county, New York city. It is the practice of the Survey to capitalize Coastal plain, Great basin, Gulf states, and North, South, East and West when they are used as nouns to designate geographic areas of the United States. Reference marhs. 22. For marks of reference to foot-notes superior figures ( l , 2 , 3 , etc.) 8 should be employed exeept in mathematical formulas and tables, where signs ( *, t, t, etc.) should be used. Care should be taken to place each figure and mark at exactly the proper point. Tables. 23. Tables should be prepared with especial care and should have headings concisely describing the matter tabulated. Orthography. 24. Webster's International dictionary is recognized at the Govern- ment Printing Office as authority in the spelling and division of words. The system of compounding words in Webster's dictionary is not adopted by the Survey, and the compounding of word phrases is discouraged. 25. In spelling the names of political and physical divisions in the United States, the U. S. Board on Geographic Names will be regarded as the authority, and to that board all doubtful questions will be referred. Pending publication of the Board's findings, local usage or the U. S. Postal Guide may be followed. The English word canyon is preferably written, instead of the Span- ish canon, to conform to the spelling " Canyon city," etc., adopted by the U. S. Board on Geographic Names. 26. Paleozoic, paleontology, Archean, Bhetic etc., are written without diphthongs. 27. To insure uniformity of practice in the spelling of a large class of scientific words endiug in ic and ical, as geologic, geological, geo- graphic, geographical etc., the following preferences are suggested for the consideration of those who demur to the practice of dropping the al entirely — the only usage deemed consistent with the claims of au improved orthography : (a) Terms designating natural phenomena, relations, conditions, pro- ducts etc., may end with ic. (6) Terms designating the works of man — research, literature, specu- lation etc., — may end with ical. Applying these rules to the terms geologic and geological for example, we get: Geologic formation, Geological survey, structure, map, conditions, bulletin, relations, report, evidences, exploration, period, hypothesis, age, time, etc. society. Contractions. 28. The contraction for et cetera is etc., not &c. 29. It is better to write feet and inches than ' and ". 9 30. U. S. Army, TJ. S. Geological Survey etc., are accepted abbrevia- tions. 31. Abbreviations will be nsed for the different forms of Saint in proper names; but Fort and Mount will not be abbreviated. 32. PI. and Fig. will stand for Plate and Figure before numerals, as : PI. vi, Fig. 6. 33. Abbreviations may be used for section, township, range etc., thus: SE. £ of Sec. 5, T. 9 N"., E. 2 E., followed by designation of merid- ian of reference when necessary. 34. Time by the clock may be printed thus: 5:40:15 (five hours, forty minutes, and fifteen seconds.) 35. Loc. cit. (for loco citato, in the place quoted) and op. cit. (opere citato, in the work quoted) are used in foot -notes to refer to a foot-note on a previous page, when no other work-by the same author has been cited in the intervening space; the former being used when the same page of the work, the latter when a different page of the work, is re- ferred to — the number of the page being added in the latter case. Thus: Op. cit., p. 385, or loc. cit. 36. Sp. gr. is written for specific gravity, and sp. nov. for species nova. 37. Angles of dip, degrees of latitude and longitude, bearings etc., should be written with the signs °, ', ". Thus : Dip. 6° S., Lat. 54° 40' N., Long. 20° E. 38. Titles preceding names should be printed uniformly as Gapt. Brown and Prof. Smith, Capt. Frank Brown and Prof. 0. D. Smith. 39. In references to books p. and pp. should be used for page and pages. Punctuation. 40. It is not desirable to prescribe for authors modes of punctuation, but the following indicates the prevalent practice of the Editorial Divi- sion in cases where no adverse preference is expressed : 41. Mathematical formulas are punctuated. 42. The use of commas is minimized because it is found that three out of four of those commonly used can be omitted without loss of per- spicuity if the writer is careful properly to arrange his adverbial clauses with reference to the verb. A comma should seldom be used unless its omission would result in obscurity or ambiguity. 43. It is not deemed desirable to attempt to assist pronunciation of English words by the use of the hyphen or dieresis. Preeminent, cooperate, reexamine, are preferred forms. 44. No comprehensive or invariable rule can be agreed upon con- cerning the use of hyphens. But it may be noted that the tendency of our language, as of all the Germanic languages, is toward agglutina- tion, and that the function of the hyphen is to assist this tendency. Therefore the hyphen should always be used between words that are 10 apparently destined to unite as one. It should also often be used in an unusual combination of words or a combination which is not strictly accordant with the rules of grammar, when the intimate connection of the words needs to be emphasized for the sake of clearness. It should not be used between adjectives (like light blue, dark red, yellowish green), or between an adverb (even with an adjective form) and a par- ticiple (like well denned, fine grained, flat topped), or between an ad- jective and a noun (as ill will, good humor). The chief reason for hyphening two words in any case is that when connected they have a meaning somewhat different from that which they have when printed separately. While writers will not agree as to the individual cases falling into this condition, it may be possible to formu- late certain principles which are widely applicable and which may serve as a step toward uniformity : (a) The hyphen should always be used between two or more nouns when they are brought together to name some compound or conglom- erate which is made up of a union of the things for which they stand. Examples: granite-porphyry, quartz-diorite, lime-soda feldspar, sodium- mercury sulphide. (b) The hyphen is used between two words the second of which (end- ing in -ing, -er, or -or), expresses action and the first of which is the object of the action. Examples: boat-builder, house-building, cotton- grower, chair-maker, letter-writer, press-censor, fossil-bearing, paper- cutter, glass-blower, theatre-manager. But where any dictionary makes one word of the two, it may be fol- lowed. Examples: shoemaker, sailmaker, dressmaker, typesetter, lamp- lighter, lawmaker, stonecutter, landholder, stockjobber. (e) A verbal noun ending in -ing should be hyphened with a substan- tive immediately following it when they have the same meaning as they would have if it read in inverse order with "for" between. Ex- amples: fishing-tackle (tackle for fishing), drawing-paper, blacking- brush, dwelling-place, mowing-machine, reading-room, dining-table. (d) Nounal combinations with the suffixes -shaped, -formed, -colored, -tinted, -deposited, -like and -worn should be made with the hyphen. But in cases where the combination is much used and familiar, the hyphen may be omitted and the union be made complete. Examples: river-deposited, water-worn, sky-tinted, godlike, loess-like, pear-shaped, flesh-colored, glacier-formed. The prefixes re, pre, semi, ante, ex, sub, and non should usually be united without the hyphen to the words which they qualify, unless the hyphen seems to be required by the interposition of a capital. Examples: reinvestigate, preglacial, sub-Carboniferous, semitransparent, post-Pliocene, semibitumiuous, subaerial. (e) Two nouns should be hyphened if they are arbitrarily brought together to name one thing and neither of them is used distinctively in an adjectival sense. Every compound noun thus constructed is merely the elliptical condensation of a phrase, and the normal sequence of the 11 words is usually inverted. But there will be a wide difference of opin- ion as to whether such words as the following are used in an adjectival sense and whether they should take the hyphen: door-key, piano-stool, club-house, freight-train, drug-store, grape-sugar, rosebud, thunder- cloud, telegraph-pole, sand-bar, mica-schist, brick-red, sky-blue, sea- green, fire-worship, steam-engine, barn-door, horse-car, car-horse, apple- tree, foot-note, field-work, paper-box (in either of its meanings). Words of this sort can usually be read in inverse order with "of" or "pertain- ing to " between them. But some of these precedent words are recog- nized adjectives with an inadequate terminology, and all of them have the adjectival phrase "pertaining to" understood. So the question of hyphening in these and the very numerous analogous instances which they suggest must be decided by the authority of precedent subject to the judgment of authors. Preparation of copy. 45. Writers will promote the purposes of this publication by inviting the special attention of their typewriters and amanuenses to the fol- lowing rules : In preparing manuscript only one side of the paper should be written upon aud the sheets used should be of uniform size. Additional matter, if more than a line or two, should be written upon a separate sheet and attached to the manuscript, the place of insertion being clearly indicated. A manuscript page should not terminate with a period. Corresponding entries in tables containing parallel columns should begin on the same line. In matter prepared on a typewriter quotations constituting a para- graph or more should be written " solid," that is, with only half the ordinary space between lines. A. foot-note should be written in the manuscript immediately under the reference to it, and a line should be drawn entirely across the page above it and another below it. If the note runs to the next page the fact should be indicated at the top of that page by writing there " foot- note continued." earings. 46. Bearings should be counted from north or south and not from east or west; e. g., N. 70° E., not B. 20°.N. Every magnetic bearing should be reduced to true north; and in case the declination is not ac- curately known, the fact should be indicated ; azimuths should be written S. 17° 10' W., etc. Use N. for north, MW. for north-northwest, etc. Numbers. 47. The Survey uses numbers preferably as follows : The enumeration of persons is generally expressed in words and the 12 population of cities, towns, etc., in figures, as : There were thirty or forty persons in the crowd. The population of Danville is about 15,000. In statistical matter figures are used, as : At this mine 19 men are employed, in the Ophir 67 and in the Bonanza 34. Distances, dimensions, weights, measures, money and time of day, are expressed in figures, and length of time and age in words: 50 miles; 40 rods; 25 yards; 15 feet; 12 inches; 6 by 12 inches. 40 pounds; 10 tons; 5 cwt.; 6 ounces; 15 kilogrammes. 6 gallons; 12 quarts; 20 bushels. About $12,000; between $400 and $500; 25 cents; 10s.; 10d.; 10 francs. It is 12 o'clock; it was 10:30 a. m.; it was twenty minutes after 12. My age is sixty-five years. It lasted fifteen years. Paleontologic names. 48. In printing paleontologic names the following rules are recom- mended : (a) When the specific name is derived from the name of a man it is usually given a genitive .termination, care being taken to avoid any mutilation of the name itself. When it is derived from a geographic name it is given an adjective termination. (b) The generic name begins with a capital letter; the specific name with a small letter except when derived from the name of a man. But the employment of a small initial letter for all specific names, however derived, is gaining ground among naturalists, and the practice is recom- mended on the score of uniformity. Generic and specific names are printed in italic. (c) The specific name should usually be followed by the name of the author who established it, and this, in turn, may be followed by (sp.) to indicate any change from the original reference; or, if preferred, the name of the author of the species may be placed between parentheses in that case. Illustrations of the above rules: Spirifera leidyi ~S. and P.; Rhyn- chonella eureJcensis Walcott ; Turris minor E. & S. (sp.) ; Turris minor (E. & S.) M. & H. Proofs of text. 49. A galley proof and one page proof will be sent for correction to the author when he is accessible, and in mathematical and bibliographic work a second page proof will be furnished if desired. It is important that all corrections be made in the galley proof; the page proof is sent only for purposes of verification. Plate corrections can not be expected. Explanation of the various marks used in proof-reading will be found in unabridged dictionaries. Proofs of illustrations. 50. One proof of each illustration will be furnished to the author and all necessary corrections should be carefully indicated thereon. 13 How to cite bodies and papers. 51. While absolute uniformity in making foot-note references is not attainable (or, in view of the different purposes for which such refer- ences are made, always desirable) it is hoped that agreement may be reached in the absence of a reason for variation, and the following examples are given as aids toward securing this: Books not forming part of a series. — Give short titles, no longer than necessary for identification. Follow the name of the author (last name first) with the title and then add the following information in the order here set down : Name of author; title of work ; place of publication ; number of volume (in Soman small capitals) if the work consists of more than one volume ; number of parts, if divided into parts (Arabic) ; date ; page cited. Capitalize and punctuate as in the examples here giveu : Dana, J. D. : Manual of^tfogy, -J, ed., New York, 1875, p. 79. Favre, A. : Recherch^s^ologiques dans la Savoie, Paris, vol. I, 1867, p. 163. Heer, O. : DieJ^welt der Schweiz, Zurich, 1879, p. 236. Seutdf;' with examples of abbreviations. — In citing papers follow the flame of the author with the title (full or abridged, but if abridged with- out indication thereof) and then add the following information in the order here set down : Title of serial publication, abridged ; number of series ; number of volume ; number of part or other division if any ; date of imprint ; page cited. Examples : Gilbert, G. K.: Topographic features of lake shores. Fifth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1885, p. 75. Peale, A. C: Mineral springs. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 32, 1886, p. 20. Weeks, J. D.: Manufacture of coke. Mineral Resources U. S. Geol. Survey 1886, 1887, p. 104. Becker, G. F. : Geology of quicksilver deposits. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. xm, 1888, p. 46. Dana, J. D. : Volcanic eruptions of Hawaii. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. x, 1850, p. 235. Gueymard, E. : Memoire sur le platine des Alpes. Soc. gdol. France, Bull. 2d ser., vol. xn, 1855, p. 429. Polis, A. : Ueber aromatische Bleiverbindungen. Deutsch. chem. Gesell. Ber., Jahrg., 20, No. 18, 1887, p. 3331. In citing little known or unusual serials give fairly full titles, re- taining as short and abbreviated a title as is sufficient for identifica- tion ; abridging and abbreviating in the uniform manner indicated in the following list of examples : Academy, London. Acad. nac. C6rdoba (Argen.). Actas. Acad., nac. C6rdoba (Argen.). Bol. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. Acad, de Belgique. Annuaire. Acad, de Belgique. Bull. Acad. sci. St.-Pe'tersbourg. Bull. Acad. sci. St.-P<5tersbourg. Compte rendu. Accad. aspir. nat. Ann. Aecad. gioenia sci. nat. Atti. Accad. nuovi Lincei. Atti. Allg. Berg- u. Hiittenm. Zeit. Allg. deutsch. naturh. Zeit. Allg. Jour. Chemie. Scherer. Alpina. Am. Antiquarian. 14 Am. Chem. Jour. Am. Chem. Soc. Jour. Am. Chemist. Am. Geog. Soc. Bull. Am. Geog. Soc. Jour. Am. Jour. Conch. Am. Jour. Sci. Am. Mag. Am. Meteor. Jour. Am. Mineral. Jour. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. Am. Nat. Am. Polyt. Jour. Am. Quar. Jour. Agr. Analyst, Des Moines. Analyst, London. Ann. Berg- u. Hiittenk. von Moll. Ann. Chem. u. Pharm. Ann. d. Physik, Gilbert. Ann. d. Physik, Green. Ann. d. Physik, Wiedemann. Ann. d. mines, Paris. Ann. d. ponts et chaussees, Paris. Ann. sci. geol. Paris. Ann. sci. nat. Paris. Ann. d. chimica, Polli. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. London. Ann. Phil., Thompson. Ann. Physik u. Chemie. Annu. mdteor. France. Anth. Inst. G. B. & I. Jour. Anth. Jour., London. Anth. Review, London. Anth. Soc. London. Jour. Appalachia. Arch. d. Math. u. Physik, Grunert. Arch. f. Bergbau, Karsten. Arch. f. Chemie, Kastner. Arch. f. gesam. Naturlehre, Kastner. Arch. f. Mineral. Karsten. Arch. f. Naturg. Wiegmann. Arch. sci. phys. et nat, Geneve. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. Jour. Athenaeum, London. Beitr. Min. Klaproth. Berg- u. huttenm. Zeit. Ber. d. Deutsch. chem. Gesell. Bonplandia. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. Bot. Zeit., Berlin. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Bull. Bull, de Soc. Chim. Bull, de Soc. Min. Cal. Acad. Sci. Bull. Can. Geol. Surv. Report. Can. Jour. Can. Nat. Can. Becord. • Chem. Gaz. Chem. Zeit. Chem. News, New York. Chem. News, London, Chem. Soc. London. Jour." Chemist, London. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. Comptes rendus, Paris. ' Congres scient. France. Cosmos, Torino. CosmQj Paris. Des MoiSSsSicid, Sci. Bull. Deutsch. chem. GestM. f. Anthr. Corresp. Deutsch. Rundschau, Berpji. Dub. Phil. Jour. Dub. Quar. Jour. Sci. Ecole polyt. Jour. Edin. Jour. Sci. Edin. New Phil. Jour. Eng. & Min. Jour., N. Y. Ent. Annual, London. Entomologist, London. Essex Inst. Bull. Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. Essex Nat. Hist. Soc. Jour. Ethn. Soc. London Jour. Exploration, Paris. Flora. Franklin Inst. Jour. Fresenius, Zeits. Gazz. chim. ital. Geog. Tidsk. Geol. Mag., London. Geologist, London. Gesell. Wiss. Leipzig. Abhandl. Math-phys. Classe. Gesell. Wiss. Leipzig. Ber. Math.-phys. Classe. Hooker, Bot. Misc. Hort. Soc. London. Jour. Inst. MSteor danois. Annuaire. Jahrb. Berg- u. Hiittenk. von Moll. Jahresb. agr. Chemie. Jahresb. Chemie. ^ Jahresb. chem. Techn. Jahresb. Leist. chem. Techn. Leipzig. Jahresb. Fortschr. Chemie. Giessen. Jahresb. Pollichia. 15 Jahresb. rein. Chemie. Jenaische Zeit. Jour. Anal. Chem. Jour. f. Chemie, Gehlen. Jour. ~f. Chemie, Schweigger (or Schweig- ger's Jour.) Jour, conch. Crosse. Jour, conchy]., la Saussaye. Jour. Ent., London. K. Akad. Berlin. Abh. K. Akad. Wien. Anz. K. Akad. Wien. Denk. K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt, Wien. Abh. K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt, Wien. Jahrb. K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt, Wien. Verb. K. Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt. Jahrb. K. svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Leonh. u. Bronn. Jahrb. Linn. Soc. London. Jour. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York. Annals. Mannh. Ver. fur Naturk. Jahresb. Min. Petrog. Mitth. Mus. Guimet, Ann. Mus. civ. storia nat. Genova. Ann. Mus. d'hist. nat. Belgique. Ann. Mus. d'hist. nat., Paris. Arch. Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull. Mus. nac. Mexico. An. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro. Arch. Naturf. Gesell. Halle. Abh. Naturf. Gesell. Halle. Sitz. Naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl. Corresp. Naturw. Ver. Halle. JahresbT Naturw. Ver. Bremen. Abh. Neues Jahrb. f. Min. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. Oberhess. Gesell. Naturk. Ber. , Phil. Soc. Wash. Bull. Polyt. Gesell. Berlin. Verh. R. Accad. Lincei, Boma. Atti. R. ist. d'incorag. Napoli. Atti. Soc. beige geogr. Bull. Soc. bot. France. Bull. Soc. chim. Paris. Bull. Soc. cien. argen. An. Soc. d'antlir. Paris. Bull. Soc. d'enthn. Paris. Comptes rendus. Soc. d'hist. nat. Toulouse. Bull. Soc. ent. Belg. Ann. Soc. ent. France. Ann. Soc. espafi. hist. nat. An. Soc. geog. Lyon. Bujl- Soc. geog. Madrid. Bol. Soc. geog. Paris. Bull. ■ Soc. geol. Belgique. Ann. Soc. geol. France. Bull. Soc. helv. sci. nat. Actes. Soc. imp. nat. Moscou. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux. Actes. Soc. Linn. Maine et Loire. Ann. Soc. Linn. Nord. Bull. Soc. malac. Belg. Ann. Soc. sci. hist, et nat. Semur. Bull. Soc. sci. nat. Neuchatel.. Bull. Soc. zool. France. Bull. Univ. Chile. An. Univ. Lund. Acta. Vers, deutsch. Naturf. Ber. Ver. Freund. Erdk. Leipzig. Jahresb. Ver. vat. Naturk. Wiirtemberg. Jahresh. Zeitsch. f. Kryst. u. Min.