a 7^3 CORNEL L UNIV ERSITY THE 3Fl0Uipr Uptprtnarg ^library FOUNDED BY ROSWELL p. FLOWER for the use of the N. Y. State Veterinary College 1897 This Volume is the Gift of Dr*. y,. A,.. Moore 356 DATE DUE cs , - . > . 1 -'^ / GAYLORD PRPNTEDINU.S A. '/f t ■l^ m a ■s 3 ments 3 1£ S) Si C0 = M S ^ 5 3 < "^^= Ul^= = >- O S -! "' " ^^.^^=p ^ A '■s Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000345052 EXPERIMENTS WITH OXYGEN ON DISEASE Tuberculosis, Bright's Disease, Et Al. BY JAMBS TODD, A.M. This Book is not for Sale. It is Presented to You by the Committee Under Whose Auspices the Work has been Carried On. As Far as Possible, Copies will be Supplied to Those Interested. Communications IN Regard to it Can Be Addressed to Any Member of the Committee, or to James Todd, Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. YOU ARE REQUESTED TO ACKNOW. LEDGE THE RECEIPT OF TI-lIS BOOK PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR PITTSBURGH, PA. 1916 / ■• / / / Copyrighted 1916 By James Todd Xo 9ftQ Oa PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. In sending you our book, "Experiments with Oxygen on Disease", we wish to say- that it is sent because we have reason to beheve that you are interested in the really big ques- tions of the day. The experiments recorded in the book have been carried on under the control of six men here in Pittsburgh for a period of now practically eight years ; they have involved hundreds of animals and hundreds of human beings, and the results attained have been collected with the greatest possible care and placed before you as unbiasedly as possible. The book is not sent without a definite purpose, for men do not work for eight years and then publish and circulate a book without an object, and our object is to enlist your support for this work so far as your judgment will permit ; and all that we ask is that you give the attention to the matter that is necessary to pass upon the principles involved and the data that has been accumulated in these years. This cannot be done by a superficial study of the matter, if for no other reason than the entire newness of the thought involved. We are all accustomed to hearing of new cures for which wonders are claimed, but in a few days they disappear never to be heard of again, consequently we are all more or less skeptical of such things, but it is not fair to so judge those who present, not a short or poorly considered line of experiments, but rather almost eight years of consistent, intelligent develop- ment, which is offered practically without argument, as we rest our case, as nearly as possible, upon the facts that are developed and laid before you. The ramifications of the work are such that they involve several professions and conse- quently there seems to be a tendency for each one to say that he is "not familiar with the subject" and to so pass the matter over. We wish to strongly emphasize the fact that we believe our work to be based upon a great natural law and it is in reality nothing more or less than the application of power to the living body to enable that body to reclaim its control over itself. • If the cure of disease is a question of power, it involves the engineering profession and the engineer cannot conscientiously push it to one side. If it involves chemistry, as is the case, for we transmit the power to the living body through the medium of the changeability of the element oxygen, then the chemist may not conscientiously turn away from it and say that it belongs to the physician. The physician, with all the evidence that we here place before him in regard to the con- trolling power of oxygen over the living body, cannot conscientiously cast this matter aside. That which we are trying to accomplish is a thing that has never, so far, been done; namely, to bring together for the common good of humanity, the united efforts of the physician, the chemist and the engineer, for unless prominent men in these professions give us their support, all of our work will be lost and those who need not die will die by the hundreds and thousands; so we place before you no ordinary question, but rather a world problem. Test the question in this way. Turn to the drawing on page 102 of the book and read the less than three pages which are involved in the chapter in which it appears, realizing that each line on this drawing represents an animal that actually passed through these experiments and lived for the time shown by the length of the line. Definite resistance to tuberculosis is shown to have been accomplished. What we ask from you is a clear, deliberate effort to appreciate what has been accomp- lished, to see that we have given you facts rather than arguments, and having once fixed that point in your mind, give us the support of your reasonable co-operation in the development of this work. COMMITTEE. TO THOSE WHO HAVE AIDED THE WORK, TO THOSE FOR WHOM IT WAS DONE PREFACE The experiments of which I write were commenced in April, 1909, and are still being carried on. In November, 191 1, the work had progressed to a point that clearly showed it to be my duty to develop it to the utmost and to make public the results. At this time, feeling that the responsibility was more than should be left to one man, I asked certain men prominent in the scientific life of Pittsburgh to aid me in designing and developing the work to be done, the result of which was the formation of what we call the Committee, the names and addresses of whose members follow: Frederic L. Bishop, Ph.D., Dean of the Engineering School, Uni- « versity of Pittsburgh. Address: care University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. George H. Clapp, Ph.B., Sc.D., President Board of Trustees, Uni- versity of Pittsburgh; President the Pittsburgh Testing Labora- tory. Address: care of Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Pitts- burgh, Pa. Rev. Alleyne C. Howell, A.M., B.D., Rector St. Stephen's Church. Address : Sewickley, Allegheny County, Pa. Walther Riddle, Ph.D., Member of Board of Trustees, University of Pittsburgh; Vice-President The Sterling Varnish Company. Address: care The Sterling Varnish Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Frank L. Todd, M.D., A.M., Fellow of American College of Surgeons. Address: 130 Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. James Todd, A.M., President The Sterling Varnish Company. Address: care The Sterling Varnish Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. vi Preface It is my wish and the wish of each individual member of this Committee that it be clearly understood that we have no plan in- volving personal profit to us, either singly or collectively, from this work. We write this book for a double purpose; on the one hand to make public the results of these exhaustive experiments; on the other, to ask for the aid which must be given if they are to be of any practical value to those who suffer. We would ask our readers to bear in mind our statement now made; that we come before you to demonstrate principles, not cures. To consider our work as completed would be as much of an error as to cast it aside, but it should be borne in mind that the lack of success often apparent, is due, not to the basic principles involved, but rather to our lack of knowledge in their application and our limited facilities. Practically all of the inoculations and autopsies we use were made by Doctor E. W. Willetts, then pathologist of the Western Pennsyl- vania Hospital. The rather unusual plan we are following in the controlled form of this publication is fully explained in the chapter "The Final Test." It will perhaps be apparent to the reader that instead of making our experiments secondary to their form of publication we have deliberately made the publication submissive to our plans for the development of our work. James Todd Pittsburgh, Pa., April, 1916 CONTENTS PAGE Preface v The Theory upon which the Work was Based i In Explanation of the Drawings used 4 The Male Guinea Pig 6 The Natural Animal, living in Accentuated Oxygen 17 The First Section of the Animal Experiments The January Experiment . 19 The August Experiment 25 The November Experiment 40 The Investigation Preceding the First May Experiment 51 The First May Experiment 57 Resistance to Tuberculosis Established 99 Conclusions based upon the First Section of the Animal Experiments 104 The Problem Confronting Us 113 Nitrogen as a Possible Assistant to Oxygen 117 Other Varying Factors 121 The Second Section of the Animal Experiments Preface 125 The Nitrogen Experiment 127 The March Experiment 141 The Principles Involved in the Process 150 The Significance of the Autopsies 154 The Third Section Nutritive Oxidation 158 Review 191 The Final Test 196 vii viii Contents The Chemical and Mechanical Section Preface 199 The Ozone Theory : 200 The Difference between So-called Ozone and Oxides of Nitrogen 201 The Effect of Magnetism on Ozonized Air 204 The Experiments with the Glass Tubes 208 What is So-called Ozone? 211 The Gas Distributor 215 The Testing of So-called Ozone 218 The Secondary Characteristics of So-called Ozone 222 The Power Plant 223 THE THEORY UPON WHICH THE WORK WAS BASED It is not our intention at this time to deal in any detailed way with the theory which led to our undertaking these experiments, as to do so would be to provoke criticism and useless argument. Our object is entirely restricted to a wish to place before the world the actual facts of our work so that judgment will be confined as much as possible to the facts, for it matters little, at this stage, how it was done so long as it has been done. However, it would be both unwise and impolitic to undertake to explain the many and devious paths of the work without at least some statement of the underlying principles. The tissues and the organs of the human body consist almost entirely of four elements, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. The food which maintains our bodies consists almost entirely of the same four elements; the air we breathe of oxygen and nitrogen. Of these four elements two, hydrogen and carbon, are the two most prominent reducing agents within the chemical series. Oxygen is the one opposing power to reduction — oxidation — while nitrogen, the most mysterious of the elements entering into organic life, may well be an able assistant to oxygen. Water is oxidized hydrogen, and carbonic oxide gas is but oxide of carbon. Oxygen enters our bodies at both points of ingress, the stomach and the lungs, and it is of great significance that we find that nature chooses it as the only element to thus doubly enter our bodies. It has not been proved that nitrogen enters our bodies by the pathway of the lungs; neither has it been proved that it does not. 2 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease It is a fact of very great significance that nature, after she has expended the power of the elements derived from our food in main- taining our bodies, eHminates them always in combination with oxygen. The carbon comes out through our skin and our lungs as carbonic oxide, CO2, the hydrogen as water, H2O. Both elements are not only in combination with oxygen but are fully oxidized and are each held separately, as it were, in the grasp of their custodian and master. Oxygen. The simplest method of changing the condition of the organic chemical body is to change the ratio of any of these four elements, as by so doing we strike at the very foundation of life. If the maintenance of the chemical equilibrium of our bodies is based by nature upon the broad foundation of oxidation and reduc- tion, she would be operating upon very sound principles, easily within the comprehension of man, and which would fully justify us in calling oxygen the dominant element in organic life. Under such conditions it might well be that when the living body is thrown out of its chemical equilibrium in such a way as to cause a slight predominance of the reducing agents, that it will lose its natural strength or power of resistance to disease. Yet again, if such were to be the case and we were to re-supply that diseased body with oxygen in a form that is capable of entering and taking part in its chemical processes, we would restore the chemical equilibrium and react upon the attacking disease by removing, as it were, its sustenance ; and further, if such is the case, a slight increase above the normal in oxygen would bring about a condition intensely vital both as regards force and accomplishment. It is plainly apparent that we cannot hope to accomplish such ends by the use of normal oxygen, as either the living body or the oxygen will have to be intensified and as it is a much simpler method to intensify the oxygen we breathe than to undertake to intensify the The Theory upon which the Work was Based 3 living body, we use for our work so-called ozonized air, simply using it upon the ground that it is an intensified form of oxygen. So-called ozonized air would be far too powerful to use undiluted, so we use it by mixing a small, measured quantity with the air which is con- tinuously blown into the rooms containing our animals. As to whether we are right or wrong in our views and consequent deductions we will leave for the reader to determine from the results of our experiments. IN EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS USED In studying such a problem as we have before us, it becomes essential that we have some fixed standard by which to judge, and for this purpose we have chosen the only one open to us, and yet the best possible one for the purpose — change in weight. Tuberculosis is a wasting disease and consequently the change in weight of the animals will be a reliable guide. There are hundreds of animals that have passed through these experiments and to undertake to tabulate them in any form by means of figures would lead to such a mass of data as would deeply, if not completely, obscure the result. We have designed, therefore, a number of drawings which enable us to examine the exact history of each animal. On the drawings which represent the weight changes, a curve is plotted for each animal, showing his weight at the time of inoculation and once each week thereafter. Each lateral space represents one week of time, while each perpendicular space represents one hundred grams. Accordingly, then, as the curve rises or falls it accurately shows the gain or loss in weight, while as it passes across the drawing it shows the interval of time by weeks. When the animal dies the curve ends thus, "X, with a cross placed on the drawing to indicate both the weight and time of death. As some of the strongest proofs of the fact that oxidation has been accomplished and that the body has risen in its forces as a result of oxidation, lie in the evidence obtained by first oxidizing certain ani- mals before inoculation, it becomes necessary to have a plain marking to indicate such animals so that the contrast is always apparent. 4 In Explanation of the Drawings Used 5 In order to make this clear we mark all animals which have been oxidized before their inoculation thus, -^, using a circle with a plus mark across it. For the natural animal, by which we mean the animal which has had no preliminary oxidation, we use the circle crossed by a minus mark, thus -©-. It is necessary to understand thoroughly these markings, for unless they are always kept clearly in mind it will not be possible to follow intelligently the proofs we submit. We will, from time to time, use drawings based on characteristics other than the weight changes, and these will be explained as we come to them. For the purpose of studying the effect of different inoculations and different treatments the animals will be divided into many classes and combinations as we proceed and a tremendous problem will be unfolded step by step. It is better to have this problem develop gradually than to state it here, but we emphasize the importance of the -^ and the -O-, for in their contrasts, beyond all doubt, lies the truth. Instead of marking each experiment with a number or a letter, we have dated them at the time on which they were started, as this prevents a repetition of numbers and takes us always to the origin. Experiment 1-14-10, for instance, started January fourteenth, 1910, and is therefore spoken of as experiment 1-14-10 or as the January Experiment. (2) THE MALE GUINEA PIG In order to intelligently handle our work it has become necessary for us to study, to a certain extent, the animal we use so freely, for we have never been able to find any reliable data in regard to it. This has been done from time to time as the work progressed and frequently in connection with the main problem. In this chapter we give such reliable information as we have gathered in regard to the animal and its use for our purposes. Our opinion of the guinea pig, based on a good many years of close intimacy with him and covering both observation and experi- ment, is that he is a delicate animal, requiring close and intelligent care in order to be reliably used ; a care very different from that which he generally gets. His full adult weight is about one thousand grams, and he reaches maturity in about one year and does not ordinarily live much longer. On page 7 is a drawing showing the natural weight curve of the male guinea pig. Nine animals are used, six very young and three half grown. Note as the weight increases the curve rises and as time progresses, passes to the right, week by week. We have here, taken from our record books, two strongly rising curves covering a period of six months, the younger animals ap- proaching the curve of the older ones ; the whole amounting to such a representation of health and progress as we would expect to see. This is the curve we shall establish and from time to time use, in drawing the distinction between health and disease, making use of that section or portion of the curve which corresponds to the weight of the animals we employ in demonstration. For instance, if we are 6 Sectiom Of Lasor^tory Book *i Piiee93^ e!oL^,^.U^.si\itlt till. 8 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease comparing animals weighing about five hundred grams, we shall take the section of the lower curve on this drawing at four weeks, as it there corresponds closely to such weights. In this chapter the majority of the drawings used are based on the records made by the check or control animals. We distinguish between the check animal (whose record is always kept to show the development of the natural disease) and the animal placed under the conditions of accentuated oxygen, by speaking of the natural disease as unopposed tuberculosis, while those animals placed under the treatment are spoken of as opposed tuberculosis. That is to say the disease instead of following its natural course finds itself opposed by the force of oxidation. The Care of the Check Animals All animals used in our experiments have been either young ani- mals obtained from a reliable source and kept by us for several months before using, or animals raised by ourselves. The check animals used in the first four experiments were inocu- lated in our laboratories and then immediately taken to the labora- tories of a prominent hospital and kept under the care of others than ourselves. Later all check animals were kept in our possession in clean, well-constructed outdoor cages containing warm, dry boxes for their protection. With the exception of the first experiment, all animals have been inoculated identically; in the first experiment the number of germs varied with the size of the animal. The check animals not in our care were fed, as nearly as we could arrange, identically with those under our treatment. The check animals kept by us were fed identically with those under our process. On page 9 we place chart no. 2 — Unopposed Tuberculosis IN the Male Guinea Pig. We there state the virulence of the 2* o > S 3 Week*. t 4- s i r a a All Inoculations M/»oe With flMi>cri/R£ Of Germs From Three DtrFeRENTSouRces. to 365 71* s y y \ J i. \i^Exp.i\'io-io^ ^00 Million Germs. MMS ^ - / \ *v O u Q \ ^ V \ ^ 06 1 V 1 '4< .4 9« fl7« B739 1^ Di ao IVe s«- s <£xp. 5-4-/i.> The Same Gcbms In VtnyiNC QunNrniBs In Animals Of PAwcncnttY The Same Wcicht. InoculatiowV - 100 Million GsRAAS. 1 nocwlationV - SO Million Germs . /i^oci/lation'c' - 25 MiLLiov Gfi«NlS. Nrturhl \Nei6HT Curve Op The Guit(et\PiG Plotteo From T»(e Same R^NGe OeV/hinHTS UneoR/tTony Book*' Puce 93 C707 ^ ^ "v, B s 4ie Sr RMS \ ,.» N ^ L s ^ ■Wi If %■ To Pi. TTH Ml 'A B N E 0< >7T 101 INt "c* J. 9ao t 800 / — / 70O y — ^ The Virulence OfThe Pax. UnoxidizeoChbck Germs, WorTHEQc/AwriTr^ OcTE/iMi/i/fsTHE Resi/tr. 7 D t/VI rs vn s/ V6. ■0 £0 /?7 5 Unopposed ToseHcutoSi* iwTHeMALeGwwEflPrc. Ch/jat *2 10 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease GERMS, NOT THE QUANTITY, DETERMINES THE RESULT. At first thought it seems unreasonable to say that the number of the tubercle bacilli which may attack us has little or nothing to do with the result, but with the fact demonstrated before us we soon see that it is reason- able, for when first we become infected it must be generally with a very small number of the same class of germs. They are certainly not moving around in great masses to plant themselves in one place. Still quantity must have something to do with the case. Common sense would tell us that one thousand of the same germs ought to attack at least a little stronger than one hundred could, and this is so, but to such a limited extent as to strengthen the proposition we have before us. In order to fully understand this drawing and those which will follow it is perhaps well for us to state here that there are, in the first section of the animal work, four main experiments to be con- sidered and that they were carried out in the following order: First, the January Experiment (experiment 1-14-10), next the August Experiment (experiment 8-4-10), then the November Experiment (experiment ii-io-io) and last the First May Experiment (ex- periment 5-4-11). There are other experiments and at times they are presented, but the problem at the present time is mainly centered in these four. In the inoculation of the animals we endeavored to use germs from three different human sources and by means of quantitative weights which were based on actual counts we obtained a definite and uni- form inoculation, using a letter to represent each inoculation. "A" equals one five hundredth of a gram of the "pure" culture, equal to one hundred million germs. Each succeeding letter represents one half of the quantity represented by the previous letter; "B," there- fore, equals fifty million germs, and " C" twenty-five million, and so on. The Male Guinea Pig ii To return to the drawing, on the upper section of which are the weight curves of the check animals from the August, the November and the First May experiments, we find in experiment ii-io-io we have five hundred milHon germs; in the August Experiment (experiment 8-4-10) but one thousand germs; while in the May Experiment (experiment 5-4-1 i) there are one hundred million. The curves show no material difference, and so support the state- ment that virulence controls. This proposition is also supported by the first May Experiment (experiment 5-4-1 i) where three different inoculations, A, B and C, were used, representing one hun- dred million, fifty million and twenty-five million germs. In this experiment the same germs out of the same bottle were used on the same day and on animals of practically the same weights. The curves actually intermingle; there is no difference. Here first comes to view the all-important fact, viz: virulence, not quantity, controls. This being the case we must always design our experiments against the varying factor of the unknown inocu- lation. The enemy we are fighting is different each time and we know neither the form nor strength until long after the experiment has been started. The curves shown on this drawing are strong and conclusive proof on this point, but on the drawing on page 12, Unopposed Tuberculosis in the Male Guinea Pig — chart no. 3, based on the Second May Experiment (experiment 5- 16-12) we have been able to reach out farther into this matter, and by a different demon- stration again present the matter clearly and conclusively. On this drawing it will be noticed that each succeeding inoculation is one half in number of the same germs as the preceding one; that there are ten animals in the first and last groups, the heaviest and the lightest inoculations, and that the connecting groups are of two animals each. On the drawing the length of life of the animal is Week*. o a 16 24 aa "C" (NOCWLflTlON. ""d" iWOei/LfiTIOII, J2iMiuio«iGc«MS. ' E ' Jnocui-^tion. 6^ MlLUON GeRMS. F iMOCt/kATIoN. 38 Million Germs. G iNOCI/L/tTION. 1,600,000. G£RMS. H Inocvlation. 60(^000. Germs. "i" 1 1 NOCl/LRTiaM. 400^000. Germ*. J (NOCVLRTIVM. 200,000. CrffMS. K jNCeWUflTION. (00,000. Serms. L /M0CU1.ATI0N. Jo,ooo. Germs. The VinuueNce Of The Gcrias, Nor Tw£ Ouhntity, DeTcttMifEs The Rcsult. The DisTiNCTions Only Emphisizc The Fact, Uoine flu. Chech fl«iM*iLs r(?oM ExnuttAtNT S-ib-li. . Life Lines ^"= / Wee*f. llNOPfOStO TuaCRCVLOS/S )n The MfltE Gw/nea P/6. Cm^irt *3. The Male Guinea Pig 13 represented by a straight line. On the original drawing one eighth of an inch equals one week. In studying the extreme groups of animals no material distinction can be found when we consider that twenty-five million germs were placed in the upper group of animals while but fifty thousand were in the lower. The distinctions are so slight that we can pass on, having again established the fact, viz: virulence, not quantity, controls. We place on page 14 the drawing Unopposed Tuberculosis IN the Male Guinea Pig — chart no. i. This drawing shows the clock-like precision of unopposed tuberculosis. The system resis- tances are clearly shown and particular attention should be given to the uniformity of the blow as indicated by the heavy line at the fourth week. The autopsies show this to be the time of general involvement of the vital organs. We turn now to page 15, Evidences of Oxidation — Check Animals — chart no. i, and take up the question of whether it is possible and practical to oxidize the living body. This chart is based on what we call Common Root Charting, that is, each pair of lines start from a common point or root and then rise or fall as shown by their records in the laboratory books. As it is necessary to chart together only such animals or groups of animals as die at the same time, notice that only small groups of animals, and not the same in number in each case, are charted together. The effort has been to demonstrate with animals that die at seven weeks, because most of the deaths occur then and by that time the disease is fully developed. On this drawing so explained we wish to draw attention to the fact that in each case the top curve is the weight changes of the ani- mal oxidized before inoculation, i. e., the -^ animal; while the lower curve, in each case, is]^that of the natural animal, i. e., the -0-. a 2 a 4 S. * » B ._ 1 <' ^ fP.fl-»-l«> Cwnrla - r -©fliK/M/fis ( *A1, *4fl . "49. *Si, 'SZ*S3^ '*» ) ^ ^ :^ ^£XP. ll-io-/o> CHil RT «! - 6^Animu.S ( 'i3*M*t3. 'tC. %7. '69. ) 1 '■^ '^ ^ \ ^ / j?* \ /'r 'fleIlL».-!tl: •'"' *"*' "'^ / !» 1C ■t \ ■5 T ^ U«iMa>1<.L UMOxieizao Amimai.s Tmom HixTh Ktif.nit\Mtin Thut Piid/JtThc 7WSSK Pcrioo. ■J \ £ >- Jk ^ 10 fl«IMAL4THHTLlVe,flsTMeYS»M«TIMe4 Oo^ Pi|CH4it7;'*r>'«"M'"-* trtirri. 1 M4 s \ So Cm HT «i Se ll-» ) This Form OF Tnt DiBeose» TuacRCtfLOSis IN The Male Guinsh Pic Chart*/ 14 Weeks. P 12 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 10 II 12 /Exp. 8-4-10.^ ^ Chart *I. :eo Before Inocu lotion. (>] £D BEFOBE I»(OCUL«TION. (7) /exp. S-+-II. y Chart */. ^NIMALS (S) DriNC (N 7 IVEEKS. Ep flNiMflus C'*) OviNG In /Weeks. Common Root CHf\RTiN&. NIK ALS (2) iNOCl/LflTlOV fl. flNtMALS (7) INOCULATION R. iNocutnrioN B. (4) Inoculation B. flNil^wl.s (3) Inoculation C. mimalS (3) Iwoo/lation C. EviDCNCES OFOxiDflTIO/ir, Check flNiMflus, CHART *l, 15 1 6 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease As the curves start from a common point we have here a clear and uniform distinction, in that the natural animal loses more weight before death than the one which has been previously exposed to accentuated oxygen. While it is true that they both must die be- cause not exposed to oxidation after inoculation, yet the record is clear that something has happened to cause the oxidized animal uniformly to lose less weight. Practical oxidation is proved to have been accomplished, without any injury to the animal, and the animal has shown more strength because of it. This is the first example of the difference between the O plus and the O minus and it will be noted that the distinctions are decisive. EXPERIMENT 11-26-09 THE NATURAL ANIMAL LIVING IN ACCENTUATED OXYGEN We have clearly shown in the previous chapter that oxidation can be and has been accomplished; but before proceeding with the inoculation of the animals it is necessary for us to show that the animal can live and thrive under the conditions we intend to produce. On the drawing on page i8, we place the natural weight curve of the animal and below this the curve of two animals carried, first in two per cent, of the so-called ozonized air, then in four per cent, and later again in the two per cent. Note that the curve rises under two per cent.; neither rises nor falls when the gas is raised to four per cent.; and again becomes a rising line as soon as the gas is lowered to two per cent. That the animals can and do live and thrive under such condi- tions is clearly shown both here and in the work to follow. 17 G«flMS. THE FIRST SECTION OF THE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS EXPERIMENT l-14r-10 THE JANUARY EXPERIMENT This, the first inoculation experiment, was made without any definite plan other than to inoculate the animals with the tubercle bacillus and expose part of them to intensified oxygen in the belief that the ones so exposed would show the benefit of their experience. The number and virulence of the germs used is unknown but was excessive, as shown by the fact that all the check animals died within a few days. The inoculation was made subcutaneously in the abdominal region and in this experiment we used a varying quantity of the inoculating fluid, using slightly more on the heavier animals than on those that were lighter in weight, a system which we abandoned after this experiment. In all, we inoculated nine animals, four check animals and five placed under the treatment. Of the check animals, three were inoculated with the full quantity of inoculating fluid, but the fourth was given a smaller quantity, as the inoculating fluid gave out. Of the four check animals, the three heavily inoculated ones died, one each day, so that all were dead in four days. The lightly inoculated one lived for nine days. There are no autopsies of the check animals because they did not live long enough to have their organs attacked. In each one the tubercle bacilli were found where they had been placed. 19 20 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease Eliminating the lightly inoculated check animal for that reason, we have the plain fact that all the check animals died within a few days after their inoculation. Now turning to the five animals inoculated and placed under intensified oxygen, we find that they were divided into two classes, as three of them were previously oxidized, to raise their forces by the power of intensified oxygen before their ordeal, while the other two were natural animals. We here meet for the first time the distinctions that are shown by the two classes of animals, the -^ and the -9- (the O plus and the O minus), the body prepared for its ordeal by preliminary oxidation as compared to the natural animal passing through the same ordeal, and we would again call attention to this phase of the work so that the distinction between the two classes of animals may be fully appreciated, as in this lies the very pith of the questions involved. Of the two natural animals, one died fourteen days after its inocu- lation. Noting that this natural animal lived fourteen days under the treatment as compared to the death of the check animals within four days, we will take up the drawing experiment 1-14-10, Ani- mals under Treatment, page 21. On the upper section of the drawing we have placed the weight curves of the four remaining animals for the period of thirteen weeks at which time they were chloroformed and extensive autopsies performed. On the lower section of the drawing we have placed the results of the autopsies. The markings used are all explained on the drawing. Returning to the weight curves, we find that the three upper animals, No. i. No. 2 and No. 7, are the previously oxidized ones, marked with the sign -^. Bearing in mind that the check animals all died in a few days, we see these animals lose weight heavily for two weeks after their WEEKS. 01 g 345 6 7 & B 10 II IZ 13 "Fluffy' "Slcpcc N/)MMCI«" Calico Sack' Weisht Ct/Rt^ES /Immals CnujAOFoBMeo/Iwo/IuTOPiiffo ^ Months flpTeii lnocuLdTiom. m GlAUK Ntnn (noc(/- uriaH Point _7_ 9 SuNbs XXX Splkn Li VCR XX Ki»Nm 1.UN6S Bl^lM CHANsr IM WewNT CONPI- TloW OF 0opr 130 ■t-lo2 + 157 59 Is TuBtH- Cuu>« Haunc SENT Co0O Gooo Gaao Peon ve* Yes yes yes e- Oxioizco Fb<7 So Days Bcfors INocuLKTioN Under ^XP. ll-2i-09) /7//IMAJ. *d - ANnTUa^LliNIM/iL. X • (7A£Af.lPirED/lNIMAL». ♦ll To */4 \%QfK5. 2% G»s. •e 6 WflTORHL Animals. *5To*»0 •e 6 Natural Animals. *J5 To *2o 40xjoizeo/Imimal6. *2I To *24 4 0xiDizes /Imimals. •^1 To *3* 3% (^flS. 4^ G^s. ■e- *25 To *3o •e 6 Natural Animal*. •35 To *4o ♦ 5 ( < r e a / 1 ; i : W££K5 J 4 5 6 r & 9 \ < / 12 ♦4a 398 3fio 7M e « 47. 48, 4% 51, Si. 53, 54 4,00 ^ > N, ^ A X s - 7^ ^ \ \ ">. y / /• N \ i, — 400 \ \ ' Exf, 8-4-10 . Check flwiMflus. Chart No. I. Oct. 1910. «j 1/MOXIO'S£0 Check f\NiMHLS. OxiOJZfD CHtcK Animals. It VJ *43 434 Soo 610 t / — ;u k; noo \ e- # 4^ ''fe, so > \ J / ^ ^ .doo s ^ -^ s \ \ r \ •5 AuOfThs Check On This Duflw/wc. 4oa 390 200 \, $00 \ e s, •5m -i 1 ^ 400 > - ■v V ^ r ,V-o \ \ \ X s s ^ /iN/MflL *4(. £LIM(/V Crt/IRT No. a Comparisons. / -^ / y // / /IVERflGC Of Oxidized X / r y ^^ ■"^ ^.....,^^ >' , . ^ .— — »^ \ s. ^^ /^ ; \ / \ \ f\wErif{GE Of 7 Hf\TURnu Check RfJiMfius. \ Cot<^^^oH R«oT Chart, i 2 3 J ♦ s 6 1 8 9 w II 2 13 4 Weeks. OcT.2e, Idio. 29 30 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease oxidized check animal which made the best record and the average of all the oxidized animals carried in one per cent, of the oxidizing gases after inoculation for the purpose of showing the power of oxygen maintained during the struggle precipitated by the inoculation. The check animal died, the others did not. On the lower part of the drawing we compare the curve of the seven natural check animals that lived the longest with all the natural animals carried in one per cent, of the gas after inoculation. Note that again the word "dead" appears on the check animal's curve but not on the other. It would seem in looking at these curves, that oxygen had, through them, demonstrated its power in such a clear manner as not to re- quire further discussion and we will pass on. Chart no. 3 — Percentage of Gas Used, page 31. On this drawing are placed the average curves of all the animals placed under the process, to demonstrate the changes due to different quantities of gas. It should be noted that all the natural animals placed in four per cent, of the gas died within four weeks and that one half of the previously oxidized ones also died. Judged by our more than six years of work, we consider that two per cent, of the oxidizing gases, accurately and continuously mixed with the blast of pure air blown into the rooms, gives the best results, although heavily inoculated animals will stand three per cent, in perfect safety as far as death from the gas strain is concerned. A heavily inoculated animal can stand much more gas than a lightly inoculated one, because he needs it more. It requires great care to take these delicate little animals through the early stages of preliminary oxidation and we have lost many in this way, but one can take a heavily inoculated animal and plunge it into three or four per cent, of the gas and it never dies from the strain. This is well-matured information and is both interesting Weeks. S 6 7 6 9 JO II la 13 14 iZxP. 8-4-lo.^ Chart No. 3. pERCENTAcc OP Gas. - / t NflTURflL /IW/MflLS. ^^ A \'\^ \ / X/ N / . m -*"' \; -^ ^ ^ y y \ !i? "^v" ::^ /■ >' u> > \ y f ■\: *. 1- t < > 3 \A/c } £ f 1 1 1 / 2 / 3 / »• 31 32 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease and conclusive of the value of the proper use of the proper form of oxygen in combating disease. Chart no. 4, page 33. This is an exceedingly important drawing and brings, in strongest contrast, the principles we are demonstrating. On the section of the drawing before inoculation, the section of preliminary oxidation, which is the making of an -^ animal for our purposes, we place, on the lower part of the drawing, the average weight changes of all the -^ animals prepared for the experiment and above this curve the one of the four animals oxidized, inoculated and carried forward in one per cent, of the oxidizing gases. Note the almost identical character of the curves which well brings out the uniform action of the process and especially note that they all reach their apex at the sixth to seventh week. This loss of weight at about the seventh week of preliminary oxidation seems to be a distinct mark of the process, as it is always present, and will be dealt with more fully in its proper place. After inoculation the seven check animals lose weight very heavily, then rally strongly and then plunge to their death as any guinea pig must which has been inoculated with virulent tubercle bacilli and not placed under the power of the proper form of oxygen. The four animals shown in the upper line have been carefully prepared by preliminary oxidation and kept under the power of the oxygen after the inoculation; all, according to our views, that can be done for them has been done, and they are deliberately put to the test and what a result. Let the oxygen speak for itself through the curves on the drawing. All the animals that were carried in three per cent, of the gas, as well as those still living from the four per cent, section of the ex- periment, were chloroformed and autopsies performed at the end of twelve weeks and no disease was found. Of the remaining animals, namely those that had been carried •svnuuey SWUttQ 'SWUt/^ 33 34 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease in one per cent, and in two per cent, of the gas, with the exception of one -e- animal in the two per cent, of gas section which died about two weeks after inoculation, all were placed in one per cent, of the gas at the fourteenth week and we will follow their history on chart NO. 6, page 35. On this drawing the four sections dealt with are carried separately in order to allow of comparisons. The trend of the animals is all upwards. On page 36 we place chart no. 7. On this one drawing is the whole history of this experiment so placed as to show every vital detail at a single glance. The drawing is divided into three sections. On the upper section is the weight curve of the nineteen animals cured, which are here consolidated into one average curve of the whole. At inoculation they averaged five hundred and seventy- two grams, at the end of eight months nine hundred grams. At this point the treatment was discontinued and the animals kept in an outdoor cage under ordinary conditions to determine if the disease would return. It is worth noting that the curve became much flatter after the treatment was discontinued, with practically no permanent increase in weight during this latter period of four months. The average weight of the animals one year after their inoculation is another proof of their wonderful health ; nine hundred and forty-six grams as the average weight of the nineteen animals proves them to be unusually large. At the end of the year they were chloroformed and extensive autopsies performed, but no disease was found. The lower left-hand section of the drawing carries the curves of the natural check animals and the right-hand lower section the two previously oxidized check animals. From all sections of the experiment comes overwhelming evidence of the power of oxygen, and it will be well to realize the positive character of the arrayed proofs, as it is not the writer's intention, having delivered such indisputable facts, to argue about them; ?- TJ ^ _ 1 1 _ ^•^? ?- .^r^„ aS ■1 . o . o ^ ii^ * — Q ■? _ „• s- £ $ — — « 5 ■? - % / 1/ / / ji s^ — ( I V \ — j» 1 \ \ \ \ \ S — » 1 \ \ i\ \ \ ^ 8 1 1 \ \ x^s^ 01 \ I \ \ f *r «c u> \ \ CO a \ ) a.- g r L \ li} c '•i' S \ v^ s / 1 2 CM \ V ^ { I- / 1 / i \ 1 ^^~ _y V t \ tl 5^ 3 i . \ IT \ * 'i VA ' (0 — . \ / v>-^ 4\ 1 t: - ""■- 1 ^ >■ ;^ . o ^, s\ V, T- « X ■ 4> j [ i ) lA U % c \H. i\ ^ ^ "K^ % i ^ ^^ ' (M- ^l %, lo ^\ ^>^ ~A' 3 p 1 1 |/ j) ■ — lO -1: i .^\ ^ ^' 5i #:| b ~?rii ?■' (vF/ wV ^■ol— ^ -. 1 1 / ^ / til % S 1 •s-iv si I fi JfJo « N l« — ( -n O . Si ui ^ ir lU Ui / M— •3 1 1 if a I o o X O hi |2 . / ^ 0> ▼ f / \ 1 I . / ts \ V ♦ > 1' \ \^ 1 ^ ^ \ 1 ^/^ ^ \ > y^ 1 is i ^ ( -1 m / / CD k / O \ \ X •> \ \ \ ^ \ Ol O ;^ 1 u 00 a a:? 2 Ol Ul 1 •1 \ J 1 ^. O •j) \ ^ Ji s CM I / ^ ^ ■0 \ / / J ( **>^ x' l\l \ / O \ U 5| ll 14 S5 / V '■0 > \ 1 3 t T 1 / /* / / UJ Ul o \ V \ \ / 19 B ^ / f rM ^ \ ^^^ *■ > V i » \ /' K lO \ In 1 / \ s \ ^ / 3 TO o -* y N 2 / -^ "* « • a c , 1 • c s 1 ^ o o 1 1 ■ 1 ■ O s\^^vyf) The August Experiment 37 the distinction is between life and death, while the difference is that the tubercle bacillus has at last met his natural opponent. We have spoken of the mistake made when the animals were inoculated and the resultant absence of tubercular organs in the check animals. We will take up this question of the cause of the death of the check animals by means of chart no. 8 — Cause of Death, page 38. On this drawing we have placed the weight curves of all the natural check animals used in this section of the animal work. On the left side of the drawing we place the individual curves of each of the eleven natural check animals. On the right upper section we place the curves of all the natural check animals from the November Experiment (experiment ii- 10-10) that lived past four weeks. Below these we place the average curves of each division of natural check animals from the First May Experiment (experiment 5-4-1 i). Please notice the heavy loss of weight at the fourth week in the check animals of the November Experiment, a terrific blow has been uniformly struck them at this period; the clearness, force and uni- formity of the blow force it upon our attention ; we call it the critical period in unopposed tuberculosis. An examination of the curves of the First May Experiment (ex- periment 5-4-1 1 ) just below show the same heavy decline at the same period as shown by average curves; there are thirty animals involved in the three curves of the natural check animals in this last experiment and each individual animal lost weight from the fourth to the fifth week. All the check animals from these two experiments died with strongly tubercular organs, while the main character of their weight record was this blow at the critical period. With this explanation of this peculiar phenomenon of the critical (« Weeks. Wecks. £ 1 ? q 4 5 a 7 fl » ID « 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -9. 10 Exr8-+-Io. AllNbtural Check Animals. *50 (Exp.e-'^-io.) Chart No. 8. Cause Of Death. *SE Sept5,I9II. *S3 *60 AllTmE NflTPRBL ^ Chcck Animrls.Faom *'^ All The Experiment^ That Lived Past The Critical Period, Are On This Drawinc, ^ *fc9 *7l \ d o ExrH-ZO-ic. All Natural Check Animals Li VI NO Past The iCritical PtRIOO. 2 \ ,^^^ \ -V \ V V - y \ — / \ L "N / \ \ N < -. ^ ^ / \ V - / \ J. U ■•♦ro \ / \ y \\ \ c \ ^ y' \ ^ J s. \ \ \, ^ / \ ^ v. / y N o3 *1i ^ \ i N, \ \ \ \, / / \ -J. t— ^tlA \ \ ' "V y N S \ \ \ / y \ *flr \ ^ r ■- \ \ \ < y s 7 \ \ \ — \. \ ^ X y s / i \ \ \ ( \ -^ s / \ *ip \ \ / ■~-i > \ s ,^ \, 1 ^ S ^ \ ^ \ s N \ 1 s \ /(VOCULATION fl. Inoculation B. Inoculation C. VlRULENCE,NoT / \ \ \ ^ \ \ \ \ ll \ S \ \ ^ I t \ ^ \ ^ \ .J \ The August Experiment 39 period before us, we turn to the check animals of our present experi- ment and we find the blow at the fourth week plainly before us in ten of the eleven animals. This is very interesting and is real evidence to the student of the process, but the fact that is paramount to all else in the experiment is that all the animals were inoculated with the tubercle bacillus and that the check animals all died while nineteen out of twenty of those under the treatment lived. We will here leave the August Experiment to take up the compli- cated phenomena which gradually bring us face to face with the greatest material problem man has ever attempted to solve. EXPERIMENT 11-10-10 THE NOVEMBER EXPERIMENT The plan of this experiment, which grew naturally out of the results of the August Experiment, was to inoculate the animals heavily and oppose the disease with a minimum quantity of the oxidizing gases. There are between sixty and seventy animals involved in the experiment. They were all inoculated subcutaneously in the abdominal region, with five hundred million of the tubercle bacilli, the count being based on quantitative weights of the pure culture of the germs. Thus a very large number of germs were used and by placing them just under the skin of the animals we insured a fostering point for them to spread from. The inoculation was opposed by one per cent, of the oxidizing gases mixed with ninety-nine per cent, of pure air. This was a great mistake and was one of the main causes why the experiment fell so far below the attainment of the previous ones. After exposing the animals for three weeks to one per cent, of the oxidizing gases, we increased the quantity to two per cent., but the damage had already been done. On page 42 we place chart no. i — Check Animals, experi- ment ii-io-io. An examination of this drawing well demonstrates the strength and virulence of the inoculation and shows the peculiar critical period at the fourth week which we used in demonstrating the cause of the death of the check animals in the August Experiment. We would particularly call attention to the violent changes shown by the weight curves of these animals and to the fact that less than half of them lived to pass the fourth week. Turning now to chart no. 2 — ^Animals under Treatment, 40 The November Experiment 41 on page 43, a glance shows that these animals lived longer than the check animals and that their curves are mainly free from the violent changes shown in the record of the check animals. While more than one half of the check animals died before the fourth week, yet the first one to die under the treatment lived almost eight weeks. Turning now to chart no. 2 A, page 44, we find still longer life culminating in animal No. 49 and the same placid character of the curves is maintained; there can be but one conclusion based upon these smooth, slowly changing curves as compared with the extremely violent changes of the check animals and that is that the animals in which the germ force was opposed by the force of intensified oxygen suffered less. On this latter drawing are shown the curves of six females elimi- nated from the experiment; their pregnancy was discovered after their inoculation; we eliminated them from the work and in the future only inoculated male animals. On page 45, we place the curve of animal No. 49. We ask a close examination of this animal's record as a demonstration of the power of oxygen, even when used as unintelligently as we here used it. The animal moved smoothly forward in spite of the fact that five hundred millions of these dread germs had been placed in its little body; rising from a weight of three hundred and eight grams to above six hundred grams, and lived for almost a year. A process that can accomplish this in the face of the records made by the check animals must contain inherent power and when that process is applied to the strongest animal known, man, the record should be much better. In leaving this animal's record it is worth noting that it lived certainly the greater portion of its natural span of life in spite of the hordes of the tubercle bacilli within its body. There were some evidences of tubercular healing found when its autopsy was performed. m » o ^ 4 . 8 10 fa Weeks. IB 20 ?2 ?« rf" 50 52 53 60 62 63 66 67 69 // fi 55 56 ST 59 58 64- £5 68 70 ^ ^Experiment ii-io-io^ CHECK An/mals Thc CRitiCWl PcHroo IN Unopposco TuacRcwLOSis. \ X V \ ^ y - y \ N — / \ / "X 7 ^ V S* s. \ i 2"= 100 G««MS. |"= 1 Week. V ^ — / \ J I S ^ _^ /^ \ / V r s > / \ y ^ y ^ ^ ^ V \H This Block Are The Check Animals That Lived Past Thc Critical Period. / \ \ \ \ / \ / \ *"■ ■^ 4 \ / \ \ y r" / \ / \ \ ^ y / \ / \ \ = Pead. \ z' V / ^ "N. ^ \ / \, ■v X \ / V ^ s f V ^ 1 ^ > 4 \u'XH[f> Block Are THE Check Animals That DIED Betore The Crit/c/il Period. \ ; - \ \ t \ y •'^i y -— *6l Died In a Few Howfis And i» ELiMinmreo. All Th£ Check Animals Are Accoi/NTEo For On This Orawimg. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ CHART*! Exp. II-IO-/0 c2*^V.rf^«JfNE8,V/ o Nft z A k 6 e. 1 K , 1 4 ><> id 20 22 24 Zb II 12 13 14 14 17 iS ^ — - - ^ /Experiment ll-lo-io> Rhwma^ UflPEK Treatment. ^ X — ^ • X ^ ^ *^ -^ X "^ s ■^ "V ^ ^ ^ — ^ ^ __ \ ^ \ X* ^ V N ^ w ^ \ V y "^ / — ^ ^ ^ N ^ ^ 5.> ^. .*^ ">», ^ ^ N \ ^ ^ ^ - \ S \ It \ 19 2o 21 23 25 27 28 2d / ^ *«> ^ 'V, z' \, - ■>l 13 ■ ^ -> _^ — V \ \ T / '' ^ ^ - s. *>, V ^ ^ ^ s. ^ \ ^ ^ X ^ ^>. N ^ t V / 'V ^ ^ ^ «*^ \ ^^ ^ -" ^ k z' \ /lu Animals Under TuEflTMe/vT JnThe Experiment Are AccouMTfio Foi On Charts *2,2/i 43-. / y ^ / \ «^ / \ ; ^ ^ — / *^ ■»^ X \ - N w. \ S / \ - ■V, ■f- «-/ rpC % Jfl \ Chart ♦z EkP. II-I0-/O. Jou,.it J f -r— *- y ^ - / 1 / « 1 S / UJ X ' -1 1 5 \ ? \ — { a O \ — < < ^ I \ / 3 If » 1 |! 55 ■ t UJ Ul ii? . ^h- , ?r . frT o _ \ ir _ I u- _ \ iet - , _ I _ \ «!}- \ _ \ „ s __ ( "^ - a - \ — *- SoL > ^ 2 i ■0 3J.I>-in 59NJ NO I o o 46 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease On page 47, we place chart no. i— Autopsies of Check Animals. These autopsy charts are particularly interesting in that they show the animals arranged in the order in which they died, with the length of their lives shown by the length of the life line of each, and also in that they so well show the period of time necessary to involve the different organs. For instance, the spleen and liver are very rarely attacked until a month or more has passed and the lungs still later and frequently not at all. On page 48, we place chart no. 2 — ^Autopsies of Animals under Treatment. It will be noted that the weight lost by these animals before death is, as a rule, much less than in the case of the check animals. The writer considers it to be his duty to tell the full truth, as he sees it, in regard to these experiments. No attempt must be made to draw conclusions in favor of the process which common sense may not sustain, and no factor must be concealed. In his opinion, the great difference between the results of this experiment and the two that preceded it cannot properly be fully accounted for on the ground of a very heavy inoculation opposed by too small a quantity of the oxidizing gases. While it is true that this was a factor, yet in our judgment it was but a contributing one. There is something radically wrong — the vital force of the process is missing. It would probably not be interesting to follow us in detail through the five years of investigation, toil and anxiety that commenced at this stage of the work, and so we will instead try to give the vital facts as they developed, leaving the details for our own records. In common justice to ourselves we would ask the reader to appre- ciate, at its full significance, the fact that we are dealing with an invisible gas and that there is no reagent yet known to man that can divide one form from another, for we intend to prove by using tuber- 4 Weeks. ^ S /2 16 ZO 24 28 3< i 3b 40 44 4fl « NS SinNOi NEAR flTION Point. Glanss GfNERAI SM.UH Lived Kidneys LuNCS Heart Brhin Chanm IN WeiGHT CcHOh rton OF Boov. 64 XXX o e -173 M 54 KXX e -t90 M SS -?x^ e o XXX -lif, M it'Te Onic WECK 56 yte X o -IZ9 M 57 Tfxx « -174 M XsOkghn iNvoLvet 59 ~>^XK XX o -133 M 70 ~j?xx o o -168 M *" INVOLVfO 51 ^ XX -64 M XXX 'xxx 58 ■XX -190 M irxX'OROflM V«»V XXX 'xxx 6S ■>xyx «x -30 M CaSLHTIOh PRESEMT. XXX 68 ■♦xx -45 M XXX 50 XX X -274 /VV s OnfiM Mot INVOLVEO. XXX Kxx 53 XX XX X 6 -I9S (V\ XX* XX l 60 . XX xxx XX -I4S M /v\3 Body EMBOATKO. XX XXK 63 XX X -62 M XXX XXX 66 , XX xxx o « -ISi M XXX xxl 67 XK -47 M XKX xx' 69 X -45 M XXX xxl^ 62 ^ XX -48 M XXX xxx XX 'x* 71 . O X -360 Art XKX xxx KX xxti 52 . X A -146 /Vk X xxx < 1 XX 'o /»LL Check Animals Abe On Tm/sDwaJv/ng ^Experiment ll-lo-;o.) A(/Tops/EsOp Check /iN/MAis Chart */ < 4 < 3 1 Weei 2 16 20 £ 4 28 32 36 40 4f 48 5 NA Glanps NE/IB ]NOCU- tflllOAf Point. Gluhk CtmmL Sf>UEN. LiVfR KlONEV! LUNSS Heart BRqiN CHAAICE IV WflC«T CoNfil- TWN or Body. 1 XX XX XK -84 Fhir X x' 24 XX JC « XX -59 M X 10 X X + 103 Good X XX ^ J7 X X V78 Gooo X XX * 2b' XX XX XX -96 M XXJC e XXX -JOT- M XXX 44 XX XX - 31 Pmn XXX XXX 4 X XX - 94 M XXX XK ' XX 5 XX X + 31 &)oO XXX XX ' XX 13 ^ XX XX - OS M i" To Ofl/e Week. XX)£ XX * 2 XX X -m M XX XX XX 18 XXX X -46 Fflm XXX x'x 26 XX + 62 Gooo X -OWRN iHyomo. XXX XX V 27 - / Good XXX XX A 28 XX -39 Rrm >il^^ORMNLlHKBLy xxx XX 'x /4 X XX - 89 M iNvoiveo. XXX XXX x' IS XX X - 53 Al XX XX Xx' 31 XX XX -55 M XXX^OROVt VEKY XXX XXX xx' ZZ XX X - 73 M HeMlLi iNWLYEI) XXX XX XX ' 34 XXX -43 FW C/IS£/1T/0A/ PksENT. XXX XX XXX > 35 XX XX - 93 M XX XX XX ' 40 XXX X -74 M XXX XX XXX* 16 XXX XX XX ^xx XX - 68 M 0=ORG/jV/V»r 20 XXX XXX o ''o -45 f/IIK iNvoLveo. 21 XXX . X XX ^xx XX + IS Good 32 XXX XX XX ->xx + 63 (jOOO M= Bot>y ,46 XXX XXX ^xxx 6 XXX -103 M BmeiATBD. 12 -44 ffl/t XXX XXX XX XX 29 XXX XXX XX ■ -1^ -(05 Fr/h 30 x/x e XX -1^ -89 M 33 XXX , XX y.*. 1^ XXX -149 M II t> b + 24 Gooo XXX XX XX XX ' /9 XX -64 fi«J//f XX;( X XX XX ' 38 XXX XXX XXX XXX* XXX -18 ffll« 23 XXX XX XX XX -» XX X -23 FfllR 6 XXX XX XXX -^0 X -22 Ffl'R 3 XXX XXX XX XX jcx + 28 6oo« 37 XXX ■XXX X. % -r" o +S0 6ooo See SfPflRAre RewffT Ow *49. \ExpERtMENl AuTOfsiES Of Ml Treatment, £j ■ n -10-10.) L Animals 1/noea \ ^ \ N ^ V \ s S s bSS s S \ "** > \ X ^ \ w v\ \ I V, y N s / \ \ V *IS2 575 s V \ ^ N y \ ^ V s X S S \ \ \ ^ V s I \ L k s y' \ L \ I \ V X k... i N ^ s s ^ \ \ Is ll Ox/otteo^MiMflLS. < 3 1 Z 3 - »• . J < 7 < ? 9 1 : ? ; i ' :ek i ■ s. r I i i » to / WCEKS i 7 i 3 a 1 I . WteKS » -t f 6 r s 3 / (exp. s-^-n.} *}8o Check /=»a/)mhi.6. *®' iNOCULflT/OV 8* \ SS8 \ \ ^ s •V S 1^ \ [ 171 s. \ •(82 761 9 /o // '2 IS 14 itr i(. 17 /a \ s y \ f^ \ ^ s s y \ / \ V / s / \ y \ 6(0 ^ s \ ^7Z > ' **■ \ \ ^ ss, s «^ [ \ ) \ \ ^ \ -. %5 745 > N V */73 6S^ V v I 617 *!e8 720 « 794- Ch/irt ^3 MtrZ^IQIZ. \ V ^ \ V A V \ \ \ ^ \ V > \ V 1 \ > I > S Si \ L \ N y s V \ \ 1 S »** s. > s / \ \ ll Oxidized. AMiM/it.&. Nflru>Q<> L. fliV IMqLS. C > 1 c > ; A b k 7 ' ti O 1 ? ■■ y 1 . ft 4 In Weeks, Weeks. The First May Experiment 6i Among these animals is where we largely obtain the information that the number of germs used has little to do with the result. This is clearly shown by the three different inoculations we have just studied. On page 63 we place chart no. 5 — Check Animals. This chart brings the curves into close comparison on the question of the O plus and the O minus and also shows the lack of distinction due to the varying number of germs used in the different inocula- tions. It is left without further comment. Leaving the check animals we will take up the animals under our treatment. Chart no. 6, page 64, shows the results obtained with "A" inoculation under two per cent, of the gas on the previously oxidized animals, the -^. Now turn back to the corresponding check animals chart no. 2, page 59, and look first at it and then at this chart no. 6, for this matter is very important. See how all is changed, for these animals do not lose weight after inoculation but actually spring forward to meet the joe that has been placed within their bodies. Every one of the six gains heavily in weight during the first two weeks, while every check animal lost heavily during this period. Could evidence he stronger? Chart no. 7, page 67. Here we have ten natural animals corre- sponding to the oxidized ones shown on chart no. 6. Comparing them in like manner to the check animals, their lives stretfh out, their curves are placid and many strongly rising in weight, while one half of them live more than six months. Ex- amine the record of animal No. 16. It rose from 447 grams to over 800 grams with one hundred million of the tubercle bacilli within it as a starter. It will be found very interesting to take these records as well as those of other animals we give and compare them with animals of WC£KS. I 2 3 ■* 5 t 7 9 SS3 iHOCULRTION C. (>9'\ Nt^TUHiiL^niMnijs, I 4 3 4 5 6 7 6 a 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 c I 1 s 3 Weeks S £ 7 d a 10 t 1 i 3 Weeks 5 6 7 9 } » 1 12 13 A-^(2) Sv- 3 1 Dying 1n 4 Weeks Common Root CompareoWith 6-e- (4) /Inimals Dying \n S Weeks. DOTTEO UNEs Unokidizeo Animals fl-B&C Inoc- ulations. •©• Anim<1LS Which Died /Nrwfw fl-7/lNIMALS B-5 . . C-3 . .. Anim<)ls Dying In 2 l^EEXs CoMP/ifnao^s t A-9-(7) \ \ — \, \ N \ N \ ^ \ \ \ \ ^ \ \ BB-iS) \ \, \ \ \ S ■ — \, s - \ ^ w \ \ ,y V It \ e o o ce(3) \ *\ \ ■--v ^ \ ^ \ V N Top Line = "A". Bottom Line-" B^ Dotted Lwe=''^" \ ^ \ ^ \ \> --'■ ^ ^ '^' \ \ V \ CommomRoot MALS OY/A/6 |Al7W«l«sC9 ^ \ /ju-e- — Animals DYING In 7 W££KS(«J -»' %, ■•• •,.. \ ^ \ \ Check Animals Wot Dyiuc At the Perioo* Chrrted Are Omitted ' . ■J ■■■' \ ' v. <5 5 Inoculation A - (ooMiiljow Ge«vis. = 5 M ■^ ssflwiMALS Oxidized Before Inoculation. ■0- a .. ■. Not .. <• EXAMfLES 5-0-= Sl' INOCOLAT/OM, flWMALS VOT OXJOIZEO BeTORE /nocULAT/ON g^ _ *c' Inocwlatiom, /Imimals Oxidized Before iNocuuiriow The Number OfAn/mrls Involved Is Showh in Brackets C ) ^EXPfRIMENT 5-4-11) Check Animals. Chart *€ Jo^^ £ ^1 % ^ - / N ^ ^ - \ _^ __ ^ ^ v, ^ - ^ -- N X ■- - / ^ ^ ^ S ^ y "- /" ^ s y ^ ^ — /^ ^ -^ H N ^* V *2 56-5 / / y — N / -^ \ \ J / s y > s, *3 565 / rf< "*- y ^ .> - -- \ y — \ — > > ^ ^ - ^ ^ y \ r *4 567 /^ r^ ^ - ^ s. y ^ N X ^ / y — / ^ "^ s / •5 6S7 / y 7" \r- ^ X \ V ^ — "6 \ / X N \ — V * 2 % Gi f /2^ \ ; 1 1^ 1 \ e « 40 -< 1/ 42 « 4* ^ « 4i 47 A » 49 i » SI Si ^ k ^> V ^ - X <% ^ s \ ^ { ■>>. — ' \ X s V N V V 4 4 Gas MACHINERY O^ERnrec Rt So Volts. c 'Af fl/ 97 .« e / An v2 9.1 9J Z. 65 EKS. We£KS. :& 87 i» 29 30 Si 3Z 33 34 •»' 3t 37 JB 39 4o 41 ■^■43 ■4't 1 ■^ - -— \ \ •>N v» s — X. \ S — \ s *"" -> X " ■~~ — V ^ > -. ■V 's ^ ^ \ i, ^ — -^ s N — ■- "V \ ■>v V s < /o // la 13 /4 ts li IT m n io ti 2z as »« m a "^ 6-0- 2% a *2o To "aff. / Y- \ ^ y N / \ *20 4SS ■v __ y ^ ^ 1— • s^ / - / \ " •^ ;sj / V 'a / p*^ s •^ \ / y - V //6 — \ / ^ V, S x V / ■v y ^ \ \ )^ "83 / > \ / m s V V V 418 y \ s >v > >l *24 572 J y x N •^ S / N ^ N V \ / ^ — ^ ^ \ / \ s. y *> k — ^ ^ •?fr y / Asa ^ pc/.^^^ l^s, ) -A I V7 / 70 EKS. WCCM. « a.7 2a 2» 30 4 3t3i»*af3ijrM*9***i4i*»4*itH<7 444tgi>ei*i - — V V *" \ L V i2, y y <^ s y V ■. \ 5i / V \ / \ % / S *>. ^ -- - — — — s / "^ -._ — 454 ^ •« *> 1 k / s \ / - s •>■. son f s, \ _ s. % / y s s J -^ y N V .1. ^ t 603 \ / \ \ / X " \ y ^ -■ X "^ X> v! ■*" -^>^ %4 / / Soz y ■^ y N V ^ y — ^ ^ V y ■" ^--- **£• / y '45 SiB ( ^ — P^/'.^aa r iJ-a/ 1" ---J (■ '3 5 ( e« 2 7 2 a 2 3 3 o 3 / 3 p U i« 3 15 S * J 7 J r J M « - ( .t n A 9 .^ iJ S < >« 47 4 W « F9 . » . rr 6 ■^ N s N y \ S "- *s. __ •>-. ^ > \ *f .aia/^— . 3' MflY29,IS«. 76 Weeks. ^" e ( 2 3^56789/0" it 13 l* IS It 17 IB 19 7o gl « ^ '•* f^ ' tKS. Weena It Z7 » 29 3a J 1 32 33 34 ayj i 37 38 » -to^l 41 4i 44 4fM AT 4e ti 3e a ^ *" ■^ - N, ^ V / V > y \ \ ( s. T? t.o/. a.^ 3 r» • MfiYZS.ISlt. 77 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 i» WfeEKS. 1 12 13 14 1 s It ir m » 20 2( 22 2< 24 25 a *6<» To =»fc5- ^ ■v *}lo / y* V ^ s y X ■N. *^ *" s ^ ^ 6-90 ^ v^ X" "^ _ y V ^ S / — X y ^ •^ •x - -" ^ !?. ^ ^ S3S / y \ V > s X X^ "- - - ^ < *. N — ~ / •s. / X »*' »1« sao "^ s ^ \ y s /«' ^ > ^^ ^ s > A ^ 5^ ^ X y X 64 527 ^ / V y 4&7 / s, k / " "^ k ^ s ^ S ^ ^ »^ >s \ / - 9 4 78 Et<«. WecH*. » ar tg t» ao 31 az j3 n »' at tr 3* ■** 4i> ■*/ 42 ^a 44 ■4f^t ^1 4» *» i» si si ^ *«> V. \ \ ^ ^ »^ s V V > \j ^r ,2.al /t — / 3' 1 V «>* Cff/IRT */2. ^ 79 Wesks. Wk I Z 3 4 $ 6 7 6 $ 10 II li 13 I* If li tr l« l» ia il Si S3 24 2S 2 t Z7 28 29 30 3 Weeks r 32 J* 34 X-M 37 J» 99 4» 41 4t « A* Vf M, 47 4S 49 Sb S> fZ y V ■v ( \ ^ - \ /* •> \ It *7A en ft- -11, Set Li Ct yitf > \ \ y y ^ •^ V - ^ \ f^ - V, s •^ t 53 ^ _ J^^. z^.,. ts 3' ■Pf //V ss CvRyfE It/ 3''/o Sfts CoMPnifEo To The. EQun>nL£ii/T ■s. 81 Weeks. We I Z 3 4 6 6 7 e 9 10 II li 1 3 /4 IS 16 \7 16 la io Jl 22 23 24 Si' .... ■ ■ 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ ~ ~. I-..--—. I I EKS. Weei^. K 27 i « 293 J / ^ « 3 » ^ 14 3 If J 6 i 7d V at 40 ^ V AZA \a ' M < \St W H »r^ tt ' « < » I Tt s S ^ V "^ \ X \ \ V V "* — s V s \ \ N 1 * \ \ V L These Cur iNOcuunrioN DesTfiucTn vfs U/ouuD Seem To l//Dicf)Te Th^t The Of IHTEPtMEOmTE STfiEA/GTH tS ThB MosT 3 ' u 83 t a i J "» .» / J ■ d » •« I ^ s \ \ * ^ ^ "S \ \ V y / \ \ y V / iT \ \ \ : V 4 .*4 ,Z.o/ ^ — '3 /*' O) 85 ( » 2 3 ^ f ! ; « i r B s to V/eeks. 1 l£ » 14 \9 lb 1 7 la 1 9 u 2j zz a zi 2!>' i 6-0-J56C, *f/eo To *lo^. / / -^ ■— -J ^ s loo ^ » /^ \ - -' / ,_ 6/6 '^0, /^ 7 ■V ■^ "" \ s, ^ V 1 4l5 N jit >■ r^ ^ •^ V /^ \ \ r*'^ ^ X* s ^ V ~ ssz / / X \ y \ v^ > ^ X / Z' X ^ / V r %3 447 ^ / ^ ^ y s •^ >> ^s ^ s. V / ^ \ / ^ ^ V 5'7 \ X *"" /^ ^ % & ^ V - ^ \ ^ ^ V *-^ \ / ^ 30/ /"»•« ?«L /-^^ . /Xo/ ■ ■5/ O 3 Z3 J J-* 34- J 6 ^ 7 18 39 AO At 42 « 44 4y 4< 4 7 A3 'K ?« i •/ t •>«, S,^ s - N. s /^ S ■«> \ x^ X / \ X \ \ V •»~3 I V" 1» ^ .j%.%> ^ - s ntn £/ r ^ '^ »«s, . \ \ \ — S V s *> s, "V. ^ \ V > V s L > s — ■^^ k. V \ - ■^ ^ •v \ /2l«i/1 •'-<■ / f ' " 1 7n c 90 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease before his inoculation had been of no value to him because he was destroyed by the germs as none of the others were. Such a view is indeed superficial, for the truth of the matter is that the vital strength of oxidation enabled him to live on with all his -organs attacked for a period more than twice as long as any other check animal. We explain this matter in detail that you may appreciate, in the animals under treatment, how the strength given by the intensified oxygen they inhale enables them to live on through such periods of tubercular devastation as no check animal can stand. We are now demonstrating resistance to tuberculosis, not cure, for our work is not done, but in all reason this far-reaching resistance in the most delicate animal known to the attack plainly foreshadows a wonderful hope when applied to the strongest animal, man. We generally think of tuberculosis as attacking the lungs as the most vulnerable point, but when we look upon our actual record, which has no room for opinions, as it is based solely on facts, we find that of the forty-one animals only seven are diseased in the lungs; of these seven, five are lightly affected, one strongly involved and one with the lungs destroyed as shown by caseation. The column depicting the changes of weight shows very heavy losses for all of these animals. If we take the fourth animal from the top. No. 205, with his loss of four hundred and thirty-five grams in two weeks, we have the result of an awful assault and perhaps a realization of how powerful oxygen must be to even leave its mark upon such a conflict. Glance back to the weight curves of the -^ animals in two per cent, of the gas after inoculation (page 64) and again see intensified oxygen raise their weight a hundred grams or more in the same period that this one lost more than four hundred grams; can more conclusive evidence be given? We O 4- s /a /6 2 S 2 4 23 ^2 /Vft Inocu- LRTION Poiirr. SpL££M Uveit. IvNei. CwtAfef in Weiein ■not/ OF Boer. CVLKK HsaiM \so — » X o o -M9 M o zoo t o o -203 M e 203 — * * o o -Mi- M o ZOS X o « -43^ A1 207 ;« o o e -/6/ M o 209 — > |3 -,89 M g-'Vo / Wce«. ;<- ORGW\lMLVto xsa O/fsnu/UfaseLr Itfvei-vee. x%%sCfiaefiTton Paesemr. Ox OtVini/f^ar Involved. /i4s Soov EMReiitTeo, CHRar /W>. /^ NOTRITI ve OxiOtiTION GeCTION. /e6 » -ES5 A* 160 XXX XXX K o -23< M • /6« XXX XXX XX X -179 M 170 XXX XXX XX X* -216 M m XX AX XX X -242 M a IBO X X -27a M o XXX XXX XX X -279 M Itil XXX 167 XXX XX X -301 M a XXX 173 XXX 'xxx XX X -/67 M leo XXK XX X o -34-0 M IBS XX ■^xx XX X -303 M o J9o X -/«« M XX Vxx 201 XX XXX XX o -»6^ tA 2^ XXX rfxx 191 XX XX X -/62 M XX XX XX XX X -264 /V| iOB XXX ix 161 -at. x« X XX -198 M 162 XXX > X X -4a» M 169 XX XX -275 Al XXX 161 XX ^x XX X a -235 M 182 XXX XK% XX X, -354 M 184 AX K o -410 M X xx^x 169 Xxii X o -3S7 M a 192 XX XX*X X X A -100 M m XXX ir?x X o -ns M 206 XX 3t)sy. X o -402 M « 161 XXX -T^. XK X X -30/ Al /« XXX hA XX X X -336 Art 2o2 XXX -T7i XX X -/77 /v\ 171 XXX XXX KXX XXX Vxx -273 /Vt a fluToPsies Of AkL Chcch Rnim/ius Exce pr//vtf 92 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease Turning from the autopsies of the check animals, we will take up the ones of those placed under the treatment, starting with CHART NO. 19, page 93. We see at once that as the lives stretch out the tubercular de- struction increases, as the germs have had more time in which to do their work. We find, of course, no animals that died within' two weeks; or for that matter, within two months, the first death taking place in eleven weeks. Note that the loss of weight is less and that there are several cases of increased weight. At the end of the record are certain notably good animals; we have marked them to show whether they were O plus or O minus. There are nine of these specially notable cases and seven of the nine are the -^. Take the case of animal No. 3, the seventh from the bottom; surely this is something more than resistance. The animal weighed over two hundred grams more than when inoculated,, tubercular healing was strongly present and the only evidence of the disease left was a very light involvement of his glands. Note the other cases of tubercular healing for they mean much, for of all the hundreds of animals we have inoculated, we have never found a single case of tubercular healing in a check animal. Charts no. 20 and no. 21, pages 94 and 95, take us through all the rest of the animals placed under the treatment and show their lives stretching out in strong contrast to the long-since-dead check animals until we reach the statement that there are special drawings and reports on the animals living more than a year, and notice in passing that all the animals on the last drawing, chart no. 21, lived more than six months. On folding chart facing page 96 we place the drawing experi- ment 5-4-1 1 — ^Animals Living More Than One Year. This drawing is doubly important, as it not only depicts the his- t Weeks. t 8 12 16^ 20 24 20 32 Nfi Slanm NenR Iwocu- Point. 6uN0s SlUEN. UVCR. Ivms. Omncc Ih WCICHT CoMn- TION OF 0OOY. 4- 4- 4- ■e- Srno 4- ■e- ? UF£UN£ 81 XXX XXX -Tt XX XX -IS9 M 63 XXX X -232 M JfXX XXX xxx' sa. XX -175 M XXX XXX X ' S4 XKX XXX -279 M XXX XXX Kx' 101 XXX XXX X "ixx XX -fco Fi^ifi 111 -203 M ^"To IWEBK. X ^OhgmIuvolvsd XX ~ ORGAN Lf)l{6£Lt iNVOLveo. xxx«CflSfflr/»v Pfl£Sf/VT. = 0R6Hfl Nor M^ Body EMflC/flT£». PRINCIPALLY Of TueiRCuLOSis Of The Glrnds. NSLf PKeSEHr^fltJIMaL. Jane 1912.. XXX XXX X ' X 21 XX ■1-126 £00 o XXX XXX X XX 32 XX -235 M >xx XXX XX Jx IS o -227 M XXX XX XX XX* 1/8 XXX -Z5S M XXX XXX xxx xx'x IS XXX -23S M XXX XX XXX XXX 42 XXX -(27 M XXX AXX X XX ' 72 ^XX XXX XXX xxx' XX -290 M 6 - 7 Rq/fl yes XXX o o o 'x 23 ->x -S7 W XXX XXX XX Xxx .39 -tea M XXX XXX XXX X XX 'xx 57 -268 M XXX XX o o ^« 58 -'74 M yes xx^ XXX X XXX "*x 9S -283 /v\ XXX XXX XXX XXX 'xxx 14 -26 M XXX XXX XXX XXX x'xx 22 -172 M XXX XXX XXX XXX x'xx 24 -S3 M Xxx XXX X X X X XX 79 -177 M XXX XXX XXX XXX X XX 82 -lie M XXX o XXX X XX XXX 96 -189 >W| XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 105 -37 M XXX XXX XAX XXX iritx 3 -1-222 Gooo Ves o X o o o' 20 + 33 Cooo X o XX XXX XJfX 43 ♦ III Cooo : XXX XXX XXX X XX XX 56- -171 M X XX XXX XXX Kxx XXX 56 -311 /H Yes XXX XX XX XX xxlc 70 -320 M XXX XXX X X XXX 102 -^63 Cooo XXX XXX XX XXX xx^x ^ExpeniMENT S-^-ii.^ VnOER Tlt£»TM£NT. Chhrt No.19. 93 /2 l6 Weeks. 20 24 ZB 3Z Nfr GutHOi NEAI? Jwoci/- UtTIOM Point. Slam»s Semerai Spuch LlWCR UtlKS Chime In \flli6H1, T'o// OF BODV Tue£fl- Culur PRestin (2 -106 M c XX)C XXX XXX XXX %x^' 38 -323 A/> XXX XXX XX XXX XXX 62 - 90 M XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 90 >2I6 M o XXX XXX XXX XXX xx^ 59 /Vl c XXX XXX X XXX X ^107 75 M XXX XXX XXX i.xx XXX Ltea 31 M X XX XXX X XX XXX X XX -2e,6 33 M o XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -176 65 M a nxx X XX X XX X XX X XX -79 97 M XXX X XX XXX XXX XXX -148 /M JM XX.X X XX XXX XXX XXX ~\il 34 M a XXX XKX. XXX XXX XXX ~\U SO (V> XaX XXX XXX X XX XXK -2^0 60 M XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -bi 74 M o XXX X XX ^xx X XX XXX -32'z 5ff M XXJ( XXX XX XXX XXX -I4'Z <3£ M X XX X XX XXX XXX XXK -177^ 71 XKX XXX XXX XXX XXX ri^ M Be XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX + 9-^ Fq/f^ 113 M XXX XXX vxx XXX XXX -248 2 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -10+ -^M 4 XXX XXX X ^ X + 43 ">eooo o 40 XXX XXX XX XXX XXX -3 *B)/'J 7a XXX XXK XXX XXX XXX -230 -^/v. /o XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -ZlA M 3S XX X XXX X XXX XXX -267 m' 53 XXX XXX XXX >cxx X XX -\da -Si* 104- XXX XXK X XXX XXX + (6 F/r/J? in XvtX XXX X XXX xyx -ua -M* y Lire Line ^" To / Week. X 3 ORCHf lumu/eB , XXsOtGAJVLARGftr PaesesT. 9 0t{6/te/ Nor IftvOLveo. M = Sooy EMWi/treo. ■^ Wcu. \ei;i?iSHEO A/vo firr '^ ^ fluTOPSlES OF HNIMf*L'i UnDBH TREflTMENT. CHf\RT No.ZO Juiie,l9lZ. 94 c ) 4 i WEEKS. » 12 lb ZO 24 28 3Z 36 40 4A 48 W N 4* XAX KXX K X XXX -44 -M-^ 52 XX^ XXX XXX XXX XXX -/M -1^ 73 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -173. -M-- U6 >tiFeUNE ^" To 1 IVCEK. XX • flS/? V LAR6Gl.y xxx»CflS£/rr/oM' = OrShv Vor EMflcwrep. XXX XXX XX XXX XX -117 M * 17 ^0 ft XX XXX X XXX XX -103. A1 51 XX« KXX XXX XXX XXX -137 M * 84 X f o XXX - S9 M ■* 91 > XXX XXX XXX XXX XXK -119 K/l 61 XXK XXX XXX XXX XXX -43 M 0' 115 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -260 M 6A XXX XXX X XXX XXX + 56 Gtao 4t X XXX XXX -A-6 M A5 XXX XXK X XXX XXX +4S Gooo 77 XXX XX« XXX XXK XXX '2BS M "* II XXX X»K X XXX XXX -237 M 19 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -190 A1 51 XXX XX X XXX XXX -IS9 M > 83 XXX X«X K XXX XXX +58 Gooo 93 xxk XXK X XXX XXX -187 M zs XXX X K XXX XXX -9 M too XXX XXX o XKX XXX + 7- FniK S XXX XX* vxx KXX X XX -«« At e "*■ 13 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -■»5- M — ? IIS XXX XXX X XXX XXX -49 M ^' 1 XXX XXX X XXX XXX -166 M ^ 30 XXX XXX o XXX XXX --fe M ;? 60 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -/29 A^ ? 16 XXX XXX XX XKX XXX -t-/S3 Gooo ■^ 99 X X X XXX XXX -17s Art — ^ 103 XXX XXX XXX XX JfXX + 74- Gooo / 119 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -/42 M see Specitiu Dra Nutritive Oxio» TloU SeCTIOt/ OFExPEftlMEMT IfJ Sg i/wvff OvekOne Vfefl/?. P/tMTS RiPORT. ^ Ex pen iMEMT S-4 -1 1.^ fluToPstes OF Unimhus UN»eei TRenTMBfifr. CHmnr N0.Z1. Jun/e, /9/a. 95 96 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease tory of our three longest-lived animals, but also shows the different changes made in our efforts to solve the problem that prevented us from raising the voltage to its previous maximum. We will consider the weight curves of the animals first. Animal No. yd, -0-, a natural animal weighing six hundred and fifteen grams when inoculated. After inoculation he was carried in three per cent, of the gas for eleven weeks, the balance of the time he was in two per cent, of gas. Six weeks after inoculation, he com- menced to gain strongly. The apex of his curve is reached at twenty- seven weeks, when he weighed eight hundred and forty grams. At this time the steadily increasing hordes of the tubercle bacilli com- menced to overpower him and his weight curve gradually fell, but the strength of oxidation maintained him for almost a year after he reached his greatest weight. At forty-one weeks after inoculation the disease struck him a heavy blow and he lost more than one hundred grams, but he rose from this blow and continued his hopeless struggle for twenty-nine weeks before he died. It would seem that no better demonstration of resistance to tuberculosis could be given than that shown by this animal and his two mates, and we will leave these interesting records to be followed with reason, step by step, from their inoculation to their long-de- ferred fate; so long deferred as to cause us to say that the animals probably lived their ordinary life time, for these animals were at least two years old at the time of their death. On this drawing is the record of the steps taken which eventually solved the insulation phase of our problem. For forty-nine weeks after the inoculation, we failed in every effort to raise the voltage to the point we wished to attain, but at this time we replaced the glass with sheets of hard rubber and main- tained our full voltage for five weeks. - Afe. /^v.'oe/^jcer Of' A/irffoeeN CoAtPOfivos Be/ivo P^£se/ 3 Checks. CifitoHoeoRtAt TUBERCULoe o For AuTO/fsv IS Found S Under rREATMENT <' Ex PERIMENT 8-4-10 > I3CHECKS. *4I EUMlKlATE 0. LES.) Cm 10 All LOROFORME NO D For fluTOftsv DiSEf^se '""'^"•(TMe 3Q UndKR 10 IN *%G TREATIVieiKT. EWT DIS- L/i|^)«G And June i-ii US After T«e«Ti/i coNri«(i{iEo All WE.LL AS W£i I NocifmrioN ONE ye./iR Chart Demonstrating Resistawce Established. ^iNCH Laterally Eqo/ils I Week. c^Xa4^ June 5,1911. 100 Resistance to Tuberculosis Established ioi states that the other nineteen lived for forty-three weeks but the drawing was made in June, 191 1, and the animals lived in perfect health until their year was up in August and were then chloroformed. This brings us to the November Experiment (experiment li-io-io). One is eliminated from the check animals, as it died within twenty-four hours after being inoculated. Even in this experiment the animals under the treatment live distinctly longer than the check animals, the first death being in seven weeks as compared to one week for the check animals, and the whole culminating in animal No. 49 which lived forty-five weeks after inoculation. Note the statement on the drawing that every animal that we have used in these experiments is accounted for on the drawing. To use the happy phrase of Lord Mansfield, the case is so clear that it can only be obscured by argument. Turning from this drawing, we place chart no. 22 from the First May Experiment on page 102. We do not intend to argue or explain with such self-evident facts before us as are shown on this drawing. Here are the life lines of one hundred and fifty-two animals; of the forty-six check animals, all but one are dead in eight weeks. 0/ one hundred and six animals placed under the treatment, the first one died in ten weeks, the last one lived one year and twenty weeks. Resistance to Tuberculosis Established; What Does it Mean? It means that man now, after all these centuries of suffering, has at last placed his feet firmly upon that great intermediate stepping stone lying more than midway between the scourge and its removal. It further means that man so placed may only lose his power to throttle the disease by his own neglect. It is not the writer, to whom the chances of life has brought this task, that "speaks, for he is only the advocate of nature and nature's (8) 16 VJe^Ks. _24 32 40 48 56 41 Check Animals. 96 Under TREflTME/vr. All The Animals Used /nThe Experiment Are OnThisOrawiwg ResiSTflNce To ToBEflcuiosis ESTABLISHEa „ Chart *a2 I «) af o The 5 "oilFeto'Chsck Unimjh*. Nutritive Oxidation 5ect/on. TmC 10 "Oll-Feo" /tNIMRU^ l>NOei? TnEflTMENT. Weeks. ij;j P >0 56 102 Resistance to Tuberculosis Established 103 wonderful, dominant element oxygen in its changeable forms. It matters little to the world as to who has done this and we well under- stand the fact, but it matters much to the world if it is lost now that it is first found and so the question that these drawings ask of every intelligent reader is whether this process, with its promise of untold good for humanity, is to be allowed to be lost, for this question is largely in his hands. CONCLUSIONS BASED UPON THE FIRST SECTION OF THE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS We hope that by this time the fact of the very close conformity in the records of the animals in any particular section of the experi- ments has been noted as, believing that we have proved our case by the large number of individual demonstrations presented, we shall, therefore, throughout the rest of our work largely use average curves. The number of animals in the different curves will be found to vary in number and also to often not account for all the animals used in a section of the work. This is due to the fact that only animals dying at the same time can be placed in average curves, as otherwise the curves would be false. To better explain this, if we had two animals, one weighing four hundred and fifty and the other six hundred and fifty grams, and during the week the lighter one died and the other lost fifty grams, we would have an actual loss of weight of fifty grams, but our weight line would rise fifty grams. The drawings upon which we base our conclusions are five in number and cover principally the contrasts between the natural or unopposed disease as demonstrated by the records of the check ani- mals, compared to the effects of the disease when opposed by in- tensified oxygen. The drawings are both simple and conclusive and are so important that we trust they will be studied closely, realizing that they are facts. On page 105 we place the drawing Conclusions — Check Ani- mals, CHART NO. I. 104 WIEKS. /Exfj 8-4-10.) 0> im rep Beronc lNocuut\Tion (0 rO (loizri > ficrpRC /Noe(;i.«\ri0ii/. (7) / Ex P. 5-4-11.) Chart *< NiM/iLS(^; Driwe /n r WceK€. (VoTJOi^ioi^eD Animals (ts) OYiM£ In TWeekS. Common Root Chartimg. flNlMWLS (7) /NOCWl-flTtOiyfl. iNOCVLATlON S< LS C^jlNOCVLnriON B. iMflLS (3) Inpcvlatiom C. /INIMRLS (3) /NCCULftriON C . Conclusions. Check /Animals. Chart *j. 105 io6 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease By common root charting we here compare the weight changes, from inoculation to death, of the oxidized before inoculation check animal, the 4"- and the natural check animal, the -O-. The only comment we make is to draw attention to the fact that in each case the top line is of the previously oxidized animal. Here our reasoning in regard to the importance of oxygen in organic life is proved by the check animals. This drawing covers all experiments in which pre- viously oxidized check animals were used. On page 107 we place the drawing Conclusions chart no. 2 — Effect of Preliminary Oxidation. On the left side of the drawing are the weight curves during pre- liminary oxidation. On the right section are the lines compared to natural animals after inoculation. All animals compared together were inoculated identically. This is an old drawing with a great deal of important information printed upon it and clearly shows the never varying good effects of preliminary oxidation when sufficiently carried out as compared to inefficient use of it as shown by the Novem- ber Experiment (experiment ii-io-io). We leave these drawings to speak for themselves. On page 108 we place the drawing Conclusions chart no. 3 — Based on Experiment 5-4-1 i. On this drawing we give first the weight changes during prelimi- nary oxidation of all the animals oxidized previous to inoculation for the First May Experiment. The record after inoculation does not carry those animals inoculated and carried afterward in three per cent, of the intensified oxygen, as three per cent, of the gas was too depressive. All the animals carried in two per cent, of gas and all check animals are on the drawing; they number eighty-nine and the different divisions are all plainly marked. The natural animals are all represented by dotted lines, the oxidized ones by solid lines. W£EKS B&FOK^ Inoculation. n 10 9 6 7 6 ff 4 3 g I (I 2 3 4 e 6 7 9 la II IZ 13 I* 15 li 17 PneUHtNURY OM0f\TtOH. ^ W«flK6«s> ^SnoncGASi Weeks flrreR Iwocutfl-now. /Exe8-4-io.^ Not CoMM-ere Prgl/mz/vahy Ox/flflT/ow. ^/^ '(Brums Conclusions Based upon the First Experiments 109 The results are so wonderful and so conclusive that we again leave them without comment, for explanation seems so inadequate a method to apply to such self-evident facts. On page no we place the drawing Conclusions chart no. 4 — Based on All the Animals from All the Experiments. The drawing is so simple as to be self-explanatory, we having simply drawn all our work together and ignored all distinctions except the fact as to whether the animals were check animals or those carried through the process. Each line ends at the first death except for a very few animals eliminated to make the period charted practical. We ask careful note of the wording on the drawing and the fact that in this final test of our process we use more than two hundred and fifty animals. Again we leave the demonstrated truth of the power of oxygen to your judgment and turn to the drawing Conclusions chart NO. 5 — ^THE Drawing of the Eleven Facts, page iii. We have here demonstrated not animal records but rather the simple truths of the power of intensified oxygen, using a drawing for the purpose of emphasis. We have not brought our comparisons down to a question of exact time and effect, but have chosen to deal with the simple, true records of our work in a broad sense; neither have we undertaken to record all the truth because what we show is surely sufficient. The only explanation necessary is as to facts Nine and Ten. When an animal is fighting for his life with the tubercle bacillus, he needs nature's opposing force to aid him and he can imbibe such quantities of intensified oxygen in his need, as if taken when the germ was not attacking him would quickly kill. The eleven established facts deliberately placed upon this drawing for the purpose of emphasizing them are important beyond mere discussion, for they establish the fact that the fight against disease sv^yyo The Drawing OfThe Eleven Facts. Conclusions,Chhrt*5. I. The Animxi. OxioizrD SEFORe lNvcuLHTIoft HLWuys Snows Thc BcNenciai. Results Or His PRCLiMiHORy OxionnoN. 2. Nq Cm£ck AnimalNas Eveh OvruvEo The iNoci;i.nrioA/, 3. Animal? Unoeo Thc TREflT/vteNT MflveOt/TuivED Th£ /N«cui./iT(«i>i. 4. No iNocvL/^TCD Check Animal His Even Oevsi,opcoTuecK£t>t.s» Tc/dEqci/LAA Hc/)limc. 6. The /IwiMALS Placed Under The TBCAT/weNT Lit/c Le T/TEflrMeNT 2%"^' 7 -0- /?V//vi/TtS. *2o7a *^6. -4-^- Hnimrls. *5<3 To *^7^ Room *2. 2% 'V f)A/0 loo C.C. petf MiNureOr N Co 7 -©- PNlr^fiLS. *4C To *4^. C>06£"*^- 4 -^ flNIMttLS. '^SoTo'^SS. Room 3. Tnet^TMBNT Fli-t- Bi-tjsT OF /It ft fkno too CC. P£rI^invt£Of N 0, 7 -O" ^^/Mfil-S. *6oTo^6. Chech F\nin\f\ls To B£ Kept fir thc HfiYsvicue WoffHS. Cfi6e*r Checks '•70 To'^a. Th£ Plan op The £xpemiA£UT. 47MflJ.E GuiN£f\ Pigs Divaeo Into Eioht SecnoNs. Ihiocomrion ■^C.c. So B-curmN£ou9LY Ge/fMs ntoM 9DiFF£fteMT HtiMoH Sources, /tut. flMiMfius "c'V>vocta/jr/oA^ = -^— 6J?^S/f/A>t£A/T2-20'/3. c^lo^ j-^^t^t. ^^'S'); t9l3. EXPERIMENT 2-20-13 THE NITROGEN EXPERIMENT The prominence of peroxide of nitrogen (NO2) as a possible factor in the earlier experiments, required that the design of the next experiment should be based upon an attempt to either sustain nitro- gen oxides as vital to the process or dispose of them, and so we de- signed this experiment to meet, as broadly as possible, the full scope of the nitrogen problem. The design of the experiment is good for the purpose required, even though it was hampered at the start by the fact that we had no data in regard to the quantity of peroxide of nitrogen to be used on the animals, but our facilities would not admit of separate and protracted experiments upon this question, consequently we decided to use one hundred cubic centimeters of NO2 per minute, contin- uously generated within the room by the action of nitric acid upon iron and made possible by a very simple apparatus designed by Doctor Riddle. Slightly diluted acid was dropped from a tap funnel, in uniform quantity, upon a large mass of small iron nails, at a rate which careful experiment showed to yield closely to 100 c.c. of NO2 per minute. The blast of pure air from the distributor kept the nitrogen peroxide in constant quantity and thoroughly diffused. Day and night, for more than one year, the animals in two rooms were kept under the constant influence of the oxide. On page 126 we place the plan of the experiment and ask close study of it, as the whole scope of the question is here presented. Besides using both oxidized and natural animals, we also include four animals, in cage No. 3, which had been treated with both "ozone" and peroxide of nitrogen for ten weeks before their inocula- tion, thus giving us the effect of preliminary treatment by means of 127 128 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease peroxide of nitrogen. Please note and understand this phase of the experiment, as it becomes important later. The animals are marked -^ N to distinguish them from the ordinary -^ ones, and are placed, after inoculation, with other animals in cage No. 3, Room No. 2, and are from that time continually under the influence of three forces; the tubercle bacilli, so-called ozone and nitrogen peroxide, and con- stantly under exactly the same conditions as both the natural and oxidized animals sharing their room. The general plan of the experiment was to use three main groups of animals, each group consisting of both oxidized and natural animals, and each main group in a separate room and each room under a different prescribed condition of oxidation, oxidation and nitrification, or nitrification alone. In Room No. i we used two per cent, of "ozone," thus having both natural and oxidized animals under the regular process. In Room No. 2 we used two per cent, of "ozone" and 100 c.c. per minute of NO2, thus exposing both oxidized and natural animals to the combined action of both gases. In this room were also included the four animals before referred to which had been treated with both "ozone" and NO2, before their inoculation, and marked -^ N. In Room No. 3 we excluded the "ozone" and used NO2 alone. Thus we have, opposed to the power of the same inoculation: In Room No. i "ozone" alone. In Room No. 2 "ozone" and peroxide of nitrogen. In Room No. 3 peroxide of nitrogen alone. In each room there was a blast of pure air from the distributor. The machinery operations are all shown on the plan. Please note that the air is to be forced through the "ozone" generators, as this becomes very important later. Now that we understand the plan, let us look at the results. The Nitrogen Experiment 129 At the start we make use of the most complicated drawing yet used in this work, as we find it necessary to bring together many factors and we must rely strongly upon familiarity with this and other drawings, or at least willingness to study them sufficiently to understand the subject. In all the drawings used in this section of the book we have adopted, in the weight curves, a dotted line for the natural animals and a solid line for the oxidized ones, thus keeping the curves abso- lutely distinct on the question of -^ and -©-. On page 130 we place the drawing experiment 2-20-13 — chart NO. 2, This drawing covers so much that it is necessary to proceed very systematically in its study, hence we will commence on the upper left side, this being the initial place in the study of the work. In this section of the drawing are the four weight curves of the four groups of oxidized animals during their preliminary oxidation. We wish first to draw attention to the upper curve at the seventh week; we having placed a heavy perpendicular line crossing the weight curve at this point to attract attention. Notice the distinct downward dip from the seventh to the eighth week and then the recovery. During preliminary oxidation we have always noted this slight but exceedingly distinct change in the weight curve and it has been so persistently present as to force attention and to hold it after once discovered. It not only occurs in average curves but almost always in the individual and is worthy of consideration, and we are so con- vinced that it is a distinct mark of our work that we would hesitate to consider an animal properly oxidized that did not show it. Aided by the heavier perpendicular line that has been placed in each case where the dip commences, we ask you to look at these four weight curves and notice how this line occurs in each case. ALL-&-/iniM»L9 •OorrfoUms The NirROGEN Experiment. ExPERIt^ENT 3-30-13. CHf\RT No 2 TfiEftTMENT. SEC.fi. "Ox-ONe' f^LONE. Sec.B. 'Oz-one'^N Og_. Sec.C. N Oj, Rlone. 130 c*-. *"-*-<.•€//» A/. 191'^. The Nitrogen Experiment 131 It is a week later in the case of the four animals that are being treated with both nitrogen and oxygen. Now pass to the curves at the lower left in the section of pre- liminary oxidation, as we have placed here the curves of preliminary oxidation taken from our previous work, the August and the First May Experiments. In both experiments, covering in the one case nineteen animals and in the other forty-seven, we get the same distinct fall in the weight curve of preliminary oxidation at practically the same time. This means something and has so impressed us that, while having no explanation to offer, yet we place it thus distinctly before you. We will now leave the preliminary oxidation section and pass to the inoculation, bearing well in mind that we are now facing, by deliberate design, the tubercle bacilli in unchanged force from one end of our experiment to the other, as we have inoculated each animal with the same quantity of the same germs on the same day so that the germs are prevented from injuring our work by acting differently in different cases, consequently any marked changes in the animals will be due to the conditions of oxidation or nitrification under which we have deliberately placed them. At last we are face to face with the nitrogen problem. Entrancing and elusive as it has been, it must now divulge something of its truth ; not all, for we are not fully equipped, as we do not know just how much NO2 to use and we also have traces of NO2 present in our "ozone," due to the high voltage and the glass insulation. Before starting to examine the problem we wish to step aside to make an explanation in regard to the check animals, not only in this experiment, but also in each of the following ones. Those who seemed to wish to aid us at the time we were doing this work expressed the opinion that we should get our germs from a more authoritative source and suggested supplying them from an 132 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease institution that they considered above criticism. 'Vye accepted the advice and have thereby injured our work quite a good deal by the use of germs so poorly cultured as to be very slow in their action on the animals. In this experiment one check animal lived for thirty-six weeks and we have had to completely abandon another experiment, losing a year of hard work on it, because at the end of a year the check animals were perfectly well. We place this on record here, not in the sense of criticism, but entirely for the purpose of showing the great necessity, if this work is to be brought to a successful issue, of our being supplied with the necessary resources to make us independent in every department. Let us turn again to our drawing to study the curves after the inoculation. The weight curves are carried to the death of the first animal. The curve of the ten check animals which we will take first is the third curve from the bottom on the right-hand side; it is marked "lo -e- Check Animals." Until the disease asserted itself at the end of the third week, these animals increased strongly in weight, then they held- their own for two weeks, then fell rapidly to far below their weight when inoculated, partly recovered the loss, and then gradually died off, their autopsies showing them to be heavily involved with the disease in all their organs. Taking this condition of affairs as the natural trend of the disease in this experiment, we will pass to the curves at the top of the drawing where we have four -^ and seven -0- animals placed under two per cent, of "ozone" but without any nitrogen compounds present, other than the traces made by the machinery operations. While the seven natural -G- animals act much as the check animals, yet they do not drop as far or as rapidly. But, on looking at the solid curve showing the weight changes of the four previously oxidized The Nitrogen Experiment 133 animals, and tracing the line back through the preliminary oxidation period, we see that it fairly springs forward when the tubercle bacilli enter the bodies of the animals. For five weeks it rises, gaining more than one hundred grams per animal ; then it falls back only to regain its full strength and power. We are here face to face with the most wonderful evidence of the power of oxidation that the work has yet shown. In the First May Experiment (experiment 5-4-1 i) the oxidized animals rose for three weeks, while here we find the movement continued for five weeks and then resumed in even greater strength. Perhaps in our zeal we have, or shall, impress the reader with the idea that the curve that falls after inoculation and then rises is the only one we believe in, but this is not so; in the complexity of the situation, this strongly rising curve just after inoculation must not be cast aside. The trouble with it is that it does not now maintain its advance quite far enough, but one of our real problems is to cause this curve to maintain its strength, for if we accomplish this it may even super- sede the other and attain the most successful result. We have often spoken of the -^ animals as compared to the -G- animals and the proofs they give of success in one of the greatest problems of the world, but we cannot say too much on such a subject. On looking at the curves again and again one cannot fail to be im- pressed by the truth they convey, nor turn away from their mute appeal for the millions that are dying. They are more important than nitrogen will ever be, for they demonstrate the effect of success- ful oxidation. There are four animals in this group and one half of them lived for more than sixty weeks. We shall see more of them later. Now let us take the next group of animals, the ones placed in "ozone" and nitrogen peroxide. (10) 134 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease The animals do not rise as rapidly as the ones in the regular treat- ment, but note that the solid curve of the 4" draws away from the natural animals. More proof for the "ozone" process. Again -^ and -e-. The weight curves seem to show the animals overloaded; they rise heavily, as if they were carrying a burden. Now let us take the next pair of curves which carry the four animals which were treated with both "ozone" and peroxide of nitrogen before their inoculation, the -^ N. The evidence of the heavy load shown in the others here becomes more definite and the solid curve merges with the dotted, and glancing to the top of the drawing, and down through each pair of curves, we must admit that nitrogen, as we have used it here, loses its value and "ozone" proves itself. This is either the case or the combined treatment is too heavy. Now we pass to the next set of curves where we are using only air and nitrogen peroxide. The load is lifted and the -^ again stands strongly forward. The dotted curve of the natural animals does not fall below the inoculation weight as the check animals do; it always stays above. One of these seven natural animals lived for one year, and this fact, considered together with the weight changes, forces us to admit that we have evidence in favor of nitrogen peroxide, and the nitrogen problem is still before us unsolved, but apparently not so vital as we at one time thought, but more work must be done before a final judgment is passed. The writer's opinion, given for what it is worth, is that nitrogen peroxide either as a nitrifier or as an oxidizer may well hold improve- ment for our process, but he does not think that it holds any really vital gift. Mr. Clapp appears to be somewhat at variance with the writer The Nitrogen Experiment 135 upon this question, as he has a great deal of faith in the possibilities of the proper use of nitrogen compounds; he may well be right; certainly more work will have to be done on the subject. This last set of animals, the ones in NO2 and air, naturally raise the question of the effect of the blast of air alone, as it is certainly a radical step forward on the lines of the so-called fresh air treatments, which we consider as being treatments limited to good surroundings and normal oxidation. In order to meet this criticism of this section of the experiment, we place a set of curves on the bottom of the drawing from an experi- ment (the Air Blast Experiment) on the subject made, but not here published, as it is too far outside of the path we are following. An examination of these two curves shows the surprising fact that the animals under the blast of air did not do so well as the check animals. On folding chart facing page 136 we place chart no. 3 — ^The Nitrogen Experiment. On this drawing we have placed the four animals that lived a year or more. The curve at the bottom is the natural animal that was in the air and NO2 treatment. The reader will please note that this is the only natural animal that lived a year. We leave its curve for his study; it certainly tells us to hesitate before casting the nitrogen problem completely aside. The animal next above is an -^ under the combined treatment of NO2 and the "ozone." Please notice that of the four animals on this drawing three are -^ and at the same time we wish once more to call attention to the two upper animals. No. 2 and No. 4. These are two of four in their class, -^ animals in the regular treatment, and they outlived all others. The evidence in favor of our process is here overwhelming. 136 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease Important as these points are, we did not make this drawing to demonstrate them, but for a far more important purpose. In the early portions of our work we drew the air through the ozonizers, thus stretching it sUghtly, while in our later work we forced it through, thus compressing it slightly; neither change was great, neither seemed material, but in September, 19 13, it developed that since we had been forcing the air through the generators we had never had a case of tubercular healing, while before that time we had had many such cases. We at once investigated the matter and found that our impression was correct and on September 15, 1913, commenced to draw the air through the generators, thus stretching the air molecules slightly before the electric current acted upon them. This was at the thirtieth week and we ask that the top curve, animal No. 2, be studied closely, as we believe we have the truth at last. The animal reached the apex of his weight at the twenty-fourth week and commenced to fall gradually. On the thirtieth week the new form of oxygen commenced to act upon him. From then to the thirty-eighth week he fell to lower and lower points at the end of each rally; then the power seemed to get control and gradually the whole character of his weight curve changed and he rose, at first slowly and then strongly and persistently. Applying the same close examination to his mate, No. 4, we find that the curves are almost identically the same. Looking now at the other two animals, No. 30 and No. 66, we see how their curves are devoid of the characteristics of the other two. One of these two latter animals is not under "ozone," and the other is under both NO2 and "ozone," too heavy a load. Here now is the clue we follow, as this is where we believe both truth and success lie, and we base our next experiment upon this c > ? A (■ K 10 f^ Weeks. lA /6 fd £0 zs 24 26 26 30 3Z 3t 36 38 Weehs. 40 42 4-4 +6 4S s o ^1^ s* s& -A S^60__62 Z-'/oGhs - Forced Ozo/^c i?/=?/?i^'/v Ozofv 3%G/^S' 4 s.<¥.efis- i Z. ■^ ^ / N \ — ^ i— ? ^ \ / \ fl v// w^ '2 rm -jn Mt NT y "% — -- — - \ / S r- N \ s / ^^ X / "V, \, / \ y \ / ■~- / A ^ \ ,1^ — ^ Nr \ t / Ss / y ^ \ ^ 1 ■^-^ /^ ^ f^ ^ N N s / \ / \ / -^ ^ K- ,y ■>*, *v *-, A\ 504' > y y \ 7 \ y "^ /* \ ^ - / \ / s '^^ .y I S f \ (" \ / — 1 *4-$- <; V/7 It ■ -4 Tm r/?T vi£ NT = w ft 1 i , 4*4 J 1^ It 0: / ^ ^ ^ X S \ s / ^"^ / "^ 5 y \ ^ \ -^ .^ =-1 y ^ ^ y \ y' s X ■- -* -^ ^''^ s \ -V %^-0- ^ / .% ■} — \ w: m •S3 i /7> i" A/ ^z 10 323 ^ -— ' ^ ^ y \ y' ' — N _^ 5s^ y' / \ > X / — - -- - -- — " N \ ^ ^ y v *66e V h of \ X s. /■ — 427 ^ '^ CHt^fiT * 3. The Nitrogen Experiment 137 reasoning, namely: a different form of oxygen made by a change in mechanical operation — the air slightly compressed before ozonizing gives resistive oxygen, while if the air is slightly attenuated, it results in the formation of vital oxygen. Here we believe is our problem; more of it shall be presented later in its proper place. On pages 138, and 139 we place charts numbers 4 and 5, covering the autopsies of all the animals in the experiment. The life lines will give the length of life of each. As to the autop- sies, they are not under discussion at the present, but we shall devote, in a separate chapter, considerable time to the general subject of the autopsies, for they prove the benefits of the process almost as clearly as the -^ and the -0-. /2 16 Weeks. so 24 2i9 S2 36 ■40 ■M SZ m GUiNDS NEUR [nocm- ?OIHT GuMDs Spleen LivCR LuNos ChmU CoMDi In noNof Bopf Haw* Pnesei/i Ox 10 12 Eo Animals "Ozonb'Thmtmcnt. 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SI l*'EEHS. 33 XXX -s/ M O iCKlC XXX XXX xxic 32 ^xxx -36 M o XAX XXX XXX XXK 31 o XKX XXK X XX o -61 M* 30 X»x XXX M XXX o +izr «?/« o 0X1 DIZED & NlTltlFieo RNINiRua . -^ ^A/ These flNiM/tLA VJere Oxidized With "oJ" & N 0^ TfiCRTNIENr "OliO^E & N Og^ . » Lifeline ^"= / WEEK. X » OR6/I*/ Involved. XX - 0'?6«'<' Hehvily Involved. XXX3 CfiSCfirioN PttESENT. O " OftG/tN Mot Involved. Ala Boor ENIflCtI TEO 37 t,B, /w XXX XXX XXX XXX XXK 36 > o XXX XX" X XXX o -/76 A 3S o XXX X XX XXX XV -/3e /v.' 34 xxx XAX XXX XXX XXX -e M o* NftTVRftL flNIMHLS -Q- THEHTnnENT"OZONE' it. N O^ 43 -260 /VI o yxx XXX XXX XXX xxx' 4e N> o XX XX XKX XXX XXX -As 4S o XXX XXX X XXX X -/T*"- N\' Ab WCE, XS. XXX XXX X XXX o -/77 /vt' 41 o XXX XXX e -200 At '' ■f* XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -IZ4 Ni * 42 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -60 N\ Jit TREfirMENT N o^Si St-Rsr or/ftit . H' SI -7» Al XXX XKX XXX XXX XXX ' S3 XXX XXX X X X -/■♦9 /M o so jixx XXX XXX XXX XXX -/'9 ~A< o St XXX XXK XXX XXX XXX -37 M o 63 XX -/S4 At o JIXX XXX XXX xxx* £4 XXX XXX XX X XXX 177? M a 62 M o XXK XXX X X o -2/o' to XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -22* -^^ o 6/ o XXX XXX X XX -ZIO /^ 65 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -28 M -T-* 66 xx> XXX XXX XXX 6 +IIZ F<9//? " 3> Experiment Z-Zo-13 . The NfTftoGEN Experiment. /iuroPsiES. CHBRT No. S- (>oo To €,7 3Z Volts On "ozone" Generators. fliR To Be Drawn Through The 'Ozoniz-ers", fliR To BE Reduced To JvIinimun\ Prrcticrl. Quantity , fleouT 26 Cu.Fr. Per AAinute To £nch Cell. JrnY.I9I^. 140 EXPERIMENT 3-12-14 THE MARCH EXPERIMENT On page 140 we place the plan of this experiment. The plan is a very simple one, covering three sets of ten animals each, one set oxidized for ten weeks with the same type of gas as used after inoculation, the two other sets beirig natural animals, one set passing through the treatment with the -^ ones and the other set used as natural check animals. The machinery operations upon which we based the experiment was the use of full voltage on glass plates and the drawing of the air through the generators, thus attenuating it slightly before acting upon it with the electric current; this, instead of the slight compres- sion of air, being the essential of the plan. On page 143 we place chart no. 2 — experiment 3-12-14. On the left section of the drawing is the average weight changes of the ten -^ animals during their oxidation, the "oxidation dip" is very apparent between the sixth and seventh week. We next come to the inoculation on March 12, 1914. It will be noticed that the plan calls for ten animals in each section and that there are only five to each section on this drawing. The reason for this requires digression for the purpose of explanation and the explanation involves the reason why we failed to attain a decisive result. The writer was away at the time of the inoculation and did not return until the first month had passed. When he returned Doctor Riddle reported the work as progressing in exact accordance with the plan except that he was having a great deal of trouble in making the gas strong enough. We at once started to investigate the trouble and found the following state of affairs: 141 142 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease We had, ever since the latter part of the First May Experiment (experiment 5-4-1 i), been using sohd, well-constructed "ozone" generators of our own design through which we had forced the air. When we changed the plan and commenced to draw the air we had to return to the original generators used in the earlier experiments. These were of very poor design and construction, being of very light cast iron and not -machined where they were fitted together. We found a very heavy leakage of air being drawn into the casing just above the generating cells which diluted the gas, and we immediately dismantled the generators and reset them in a perfectly tight, riveted, steel casing that we had had made some time before with the idea of water-cooling the generators. The strength of the gas doubled as soon as the tight casing was set in place, thus showing that the dilution by leakage had amounted to about fifty per cent. This question of leakage at once assumes great importance as a possible factor in our problem and so must be explicitly dealt with here, because of the fact that these leaky generators were the ones used during the first two experiments, experiment 1-14-10 and EXPERIMENT 8-4-10, the January and the August Experiments. When one stops to consider every possible factor in this mystery, he must allow that this accidental finding is full of possible signifi- cance, because the effect of mixing our "ozonized" air, at the very moment of its formation, with practically an equal volume of pure air would bring about two well-defined methods of changing chemical activity. In the first place the ozonized air would be cooled by the fresh air immediately after it left the heat of the electrical discharge, which caused its formation into extra active gases. This cooling would tend to stop further changes, because heat is the great exciter of chemical activity and would therefore tend to help us deliver to o:}PMi«M3 1 1 I o ^'1 ■ u 1 1 I 1 1 _, 1 1 , 1 — y 1 /' / 1 { 1 1 } 1 1 1 / f 1 \ 1 ; 1 • 1 1 V ( k' \ '4 1 1 1 1 CJ) 1 1 1 ^ § / y / 1 / 1 1 i 1 + r — # 4 TO 1 N. ^ 1 ? / \ \ I V \ ] 7 1 7 / \ 1 ■03j,trinoeNi 01 ^ { \ 1 \ K % r \ « ; — c 1 / 1 \ V • \ 5 1 \ \ Q \ f \ 143 144 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease our animals a very fragile form of the gas, which, if not cooled, might well take other forms not so useful to our work. The fact of the dilution by the air leaking into the generators could well bring about a like result by changing concentration. Undoubtedly in dealing with the questions arising in the future development of the work, this question, based on accidental leakage, must be closely investi- gated. In this respect it is proper for the writer to say that he has be- lieved for a long time that when we finally discover the form of oxygen best suited to our work, we shall find it to be an exceedingly fragile gas, as he can only conceive of a fragile, and consequently intensely oxidizing, form as being capable of actually taking a dominating part in the chemistry of life when injected into that sphere by man's plan, rather than by nature's operations. The one thing that has disheartened us more than anything else in this whole work has been the inadequate facilities at our disposal, which have forced us at all times to gamble with the result instead of being able to deliberately press the question to a conclusion. In the Nitrogen Experiment, we had to guess at the result because we had neither time nor facilities for determining the correct quantity of peroxide of nitrogen to use; such has been the case from the be- ginning, and in this experiment we have had to take chances on the proper attenuation of the air before "ozonizing" it. To have done even scant justice to our work we should have had sufficient machinery to have explored inch by inch the way from twenty water inches of vacuum to twenty water inches of pressure, and the number of animals necessary to carry in each section, but we had but one set of machinery and were therefore limited to its use in endeavoring to solve a problem that means so much. We have said all this in candid explanation of the causes that have apparently led to the vital injury of the experiment in a seem- ingly reasonable step taken only after careful consideration. The March Experiment 145 The plan of the experiment had not called for any particular tension of the air; the actual operation of the machinery was showing about one fourth of a water inch of tension to the air; this was very slight and indefinite and at the time we changed from the leaky generator casing, we discussed the matter and decided to raise this to one inch as being the lightest, definite back pressure we could carry. From the sixth week on we operated under this new con- dition. In addition to this, for five days we did not change our distributors, to compensate for the double strength of gas we were making, made double strength by removing the leakage of air into the generators, as we seemed to have overlooked this entirely. On turning to the life lines on the autopsy charts (page 149) it will be seen that our animals died very rapidly. We could not alter conditions, for it was too late. Moreover we considered it wise to let the experiment stand as demonstrating the fact that we had fallen into a position requiring great care, for it was proving that we could make a gas that was so active as to be fatal. In other words, we had apparently stumbled upon a form of oxygen that was so active as to be dangerous to life. In this connection we think that the trend of the work shows that we must operate very close to normal pressures; the true point will be very close to zero, so close as to make the altitude of a district in which we may wish to instal a plant, a vital question. We are now operating at about eight hundred feet above sea level. This long explanation has been made necessary by the one thing that we are deliberately reiterating, over and over again in the hope that the world will correct it for its own good — namely, lack of facilities. To return now to our drawing (page 143) with its five animals to a section, instead of ten animals as called for by the plan. 146 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease We chose the five best animals in each section and based our curves on these. There is one very remarkable characteristic shown by these curves and we wish to dwell on it at length, because it seems to mean that we are here very close to success; in fact and in reason, it can mean nothing else. In turning back and taking up the study of that primary founda- tion of the work, the previously oxidized or -^ animals, it will be found that in the first two experiments (experiment 1-14-10 and experiment 8-4-10) the -^ animals fell, that is lost weight, immedi- ately after the inoculation. This is clearly demonstrated in chart no. 3 — ^experiment 8-4-10, page 31, where the different quantities of gas were being investigated. It should be borne in mind that the -^ animals there carried in one per cent, of gas had been, just previous to inoculation, carried in two per cent., which will account for their slight rise in weight during the early stages of the experi- ment, as the gas strain was lightened on these. Now, passing by the November Experiment for the reason that it carries no properly oxidized animals, and turning to the various drawings of the oxidized animals passing through the process in the First May Experiment, experiment 5-4-1 i (chart no. 6 on page 64 will well demonstrate the point, although it is apparent in all the charts of the oxidized animals) , it will be seen that all these animals rose strongly in weight immediately after inoculation. In the first two experiments we were drawing the air through the generators and operating at full voltage. In the May Experi- ment we were still drawing the air, but were down ten per cent, in voltage, due to insulation troubles. On looking now at the Nitrogen Experiment, chart no. 2, on page 130, it will be seen that the oxidized animals in the upper pair of curves, the animals under the regular process, increase in weight after inoculation . Here we compressed the air and carried full voltage. The March Experiment 147 With the fact firmly impressed upon our minds that during the first two experiments, when our machinery operations were nearly, if not quite, identical with the operations in this experiment up to the time when we changed the leaky generator; that the oxidized animals in the first two experiments lost weight immediately after inoculation and later (in the First May and the Nitrogen Experi- ments) when we had radically changed our machinery operations, they rose in weight immediately after inoculation, we will turn back to our drawing on page 143. The check animals, not in any way under the influence of the process, rise after the inoculation. The natural animals under the process fall slightly after the inoculation. The oxidized animals, ■^, fall heavily after the inoculation. Thus we pass by gradations from the check animals to the oxi- dized ones and we find the mark that cannot be mistaken — the falling weight curve just after inoculation, the character of a weight curve. There have been different forms of oxygen used in the different experiments and those that were successful in the first two experi- ments caused the -^ animals to lose weight immediately after their inoculation, while those that were not so successful (as in the -^ animals in the First May Experiment and the Nitrogen Experiment) caused a gain in weight immediately after inoculation while in this experiment the -^ lose weight immediately after inoculation and so seem to prove that our problem is close to solution. There is no other explanation that is tenable to one's reason; and our experiment, instead of being a failure, is on the very verge of success, only the position is very vital and we must be careful, for a little too much tension to the air may mean death. The rest of the drawing, as well as the autopsies on page 149, is left for consideration without comment, except that in the case of 148 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease the autopsies we would draw attention to the fact that quite a number of the animals under the treatment either were not attacked in the spleen and liver or only slightly so, while the check animals were strongly tubercular throughout. When we abandoned the experiment, we did not have autopsies performed on the remaining check animals. 4 fl ti /< so 9* 2« <»a A/2 POIUT Snitu UwH Gtmn» Boor eoLfiit HniM PitBSHi, • Tne OxiDixtp ^mia^us. -\ 7- s XMX XXX XX XX L,8a M 9 XXX llix XX X -22/ M ^"Te 1 Week X = OmfiM iHy/oi-veo XX s Oft^mN LfmeKi-Y XXX = CnsSfiTioN PfiESB»/T. a ORSnN NcT Invouvso. A> « BooY EMttcmreo, Cf^Lcnaeous Gimnos S XXX XX ^ XXX xix X -200 M 10 XWX xxlf XXX XXX -?78 M 7 XXX XXX -324 M XXX XXX xXx 2 -2«7 M XXX 0' 6 flirr psv ^/«< SING 3 XXX XXX -?♦ -269 M / XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -120 M 4 XXX XXX XXX xx^ XXX -274 /V» T«c Nnruftnu Animuls. -^- 22 1^ XXX XX XX e ./«/ M 2/ XXX » X XXX -137 M 27 XXX -f X XXX X -83 AI 24 XXX » XXX X X X -287 M 2o XXX T^ XXX XXX X -282 M 26 XXX XXX XXK XXX XXX -378 M 23 XXX XXX XHX* XXX XXX -283 M 29 XXX XXX XXX ^«xx XXX -ISZ i\n 28 XXX XXX XXX ^x XXX -196 M zs XXX XXX *XXX -;67 M Th£ Chech fiMiMt^us. -^- 3/ XXX XXX *X3I^ XXX XXX -230 M 38 > Thev tNocuuHTeo With "c" Inoculation (2f> Million 6f«MS), divided Into Three Classed And CflRRiRo Th«oi/ch ^Exr 5'-4-/i.), OxJOflnoM THWoyoH The Wi/TRiTive System. Chart "**!, cAo.P.,<*^ JULY,/9//. 161 1 62 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease On this drawing we have placed on the left and at the top the weight curve of the fifteen animals during the period they were being treated with the oxidized oil. This weight curve of the so-called "Oil Fed" animals is placed in the middle between the dotted natural weight curve and the curve of the forty-seven animals, oxidized by gas, for use in the main experiment. The evidence of accomplished preliminary oxidation is not clear, but there is enough to show that the curve does not rise as fast as the natural life line. This is always the case with preliminary oxidation. Toward the end the curve moves away from the natural growth line. It then has a character- istic which experience has shown us is necessary to successful prelim- inary oxidation — the falling of the curve a little from the seventh to the eighth week. The lower gaseous oxidation curve falls during this period. In following this "oxidation dip" through the records it is always found, with the possible exception of very young animals having a strong natural growth line which may overpower this indication of oxidation. After inoculation the curves are undoubtedly conflicting. The animals were divided into three sets of five each; one lot as check animals; one lot in two per cent, gas treatment; and one lot in three per cent. As check animals the curves go with the natural ones rather than with the oxidized ones. In three per cent, of the gas the curves also associate themselves with the natural animals, but it must be remembered that three per cent, of the gas is being used and that while the gaseous oxidized animals pass from two up to three per cent., the natural and the "Oil Fed" animals pass from no gas directly to the three per cent. The predominant change is great, the same in both, and it seems natural for them to keep together. When we examine the curves of those placed in two per cent, of the gas after inoculation the results are strikingly different, for here Nutritive Oxidation 163 they rise with full force. Their weight curve departs from the curve of the natural animal and shows all the characteristics of the animals oxidized with the gas. The evidence is clear, showing every proof of preliminary oxidation having been accomplished by means of the oxidized oil. We place on page 164 a drawing showing the complete autopsies and length of life of the fifteen animals involved. On the three following drawings are the individual animals; first as check animals and then in two and three per cent, of the gas. It will be noticed that Animal No. 124 is one of the three animals from the whole experiment that lived more than a year. His complete curve is shown on the separate drawing of these animals facing page 96. After death, tubercular healing, in the form of calcareous glands, was found by the autopsy of this animal. We turn to chart no. 22 — Resistance to Tuberculosis Es- tablished, EXPERIMENT 5-4-11 on page 102. Here are the plain life lines of these animals in comparison to the rest of the May Experi- ment and a glance will show a greater toughness, as shown by the increased longevity. For instance, three of the five "Oil Fed" check animals live to eight weeks while but four of the other forty-one do so, also the first death occurs in those under treatment after quite a number of deaths have occurred in the others. These traits, however, are not as valuable as one would think at first glance, for all the "Oil Fed" animals should class as "oxidized animals" and so tend to a longer life, while the others give no clue on the drawings as to whether they were -^ or -©-, yet to so class them accomplishes our purpose. However, taken in connection with the other animals placed under the gaseous treatment, the life lines of the nutritive oxidation animals undoubtedly stretch out better. Such evidence is not of itself conclusive but when taken as a part of the whole, adds strength to the case. WCEKS. O 4 B 12 16 20 24 za 32 36 At A^i 48 S » N2 gUINOS POIWT LiVE(? Li/rves CHfWet Weisut S«flMS Cowoi- TIOW Boev Tueet- COUKK Hatui/e Paeson Check Animals. > LircLiNC r !• 4-"= 1 Wp 141 XXX 1c XX X X e -3»3 M ir e OH&HN luvOLVCfi. XX a OnCM Lftnaeir Inyolvcd. XXX s CftsBnrioN Oa Organ Nor Involved. M • Bo o Y Enukihteo^ C Inoculation. 143 -* XXX X X e -249 M XXX 144 >x x>x -323 M XXX XXX (40 xn X -2ff3 M o XXX XX ^ 142 X o -284 M o XX^ AxJ /INIMALS t/NPCRTRE^TMeNT. 133 XXX -Z9S M a XXX XX XX XX ' /23 M XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX -^70 132 M KX>i xwx XXX XXX XXX -Ifl4 /2I o XXK XXX XXX XXX XXX .ai6- I c -8( M YfS Glands C/ji.c«H£ot/s. LiFff liNES ^" = 1 WeCK Of Life After iNpcwLflrioN. WEEKS. Check /]MiM/iL£. W£hks. 4 e 12 16 20 24 as .7^ 36 40 ~ /)nimal« Vubch TRfiflTMCWT. This flmMtL LivCO i3 WEEKS. Experiment 5- ^-U. OxiDfiTioN ThRoOCH The NuTRiTive System. fluTOPSIES &. R£S>Sr/IMC£S. oSto.-oV^^- FCBRUflflV 1919. CH> fffT '%: 161 Weeks (234 5*678 672 Check RHimniA. Oil Fed */4o To •744 CHfiAT *"2. OuHK6,i9lZ. o I (M) £ 9 4 6 6 7 S W££KS. 165 Weeks. Wei 16 (I la 13 14 IS 16 17 16 19 20 2) 52 83 a< ^ '■ tus. Weeks. !fc 27 2a 79 30 SI 3a M 94 35* 3t 37 3a 39 ■4C 41 ^ 4i ** ^ ^ ff '^^ *9 ^ SI S £ V ^ - - " \ s \ V ^, - s •^ V, \ y V AT r r Ol c 9i. S lu lL IVI «s, „>» V " s z' \ V y ^ ^ r \ ■"" X' « $ \'5 K iZ.o/ ^ — 1 3 /" V ia C/ ^/J/fT ^3. yJuN£S,l9IZ. 167 1 2 3 4 J 6 7 9 9 M WtEKS /' (3 J3 (4 w /£ IT n w B7 ?r 2Z \ 73 24 J We /" \ y s / ^ s ^ ^ ^ -^ — V V <^ ^ ^ -^ "" / */3. - "»« 1-" -^ ^ y - ^ *^ S - - X- "" "^ 7oa S — ^ s ^ / ^/3e bS7 \ •>. N V y -^ •V s^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S. *m \ V ^ V X s t 700 \ -- \ \ \ \ s *I3^ y •^ ,^ /^ .^ "X _,^ X - ■- - - bOi V *^ S ^ y ^ 4 4af ^__ . 0«Z /?-- U" ' /" IV < "T ^5 5 —i ( . 168 OCS. WfEKS. u 1 — — v~ "■ "^ s -^ v ^ s .^ s, \ X ^ ^ V N s ^ V ^ * v V s s (A w (e / ■W6I V-»/JV-, "^ >l 5S * i. ' 'i / ♦ \ It 37/W^ ?VT«^/Vi/^ .1 <>> > 1 •< m ■j V<«[ 75^^ Ail -''". r". t3yj 1 r -tiO Vf^azn a3xunN3i±y ' 1 1 1 . . 1 1 1 \ / « r .00 1 K - E 1 vo (0 1 II If s - 1/) ^ \ \ ^%9S >=i/b vns a3JilVMsJ.N3imV3y± J ■ 1 . 1 1 /\6 * % ni ^ '/ ^ 1 o ^- Ji " L \^ S? J 4 1 4 o m o CM o 2 2 1 1 'a o « sa/^fKy Nf JM013M 186 [it&yS ■SNIti/J Nutritive Oxidation 187 thoughts and we were then able to give this man oxidized oil made by slightly stretching the air before it was "ozonized." With these facts before us, let us look at the curves again and look at them in this light. Call section A normal oxidation, under which the man was failing and was fast going to his grave. Call section B resistive oxidation and note how the disease is checked as shown by both the weight curve and the urine gravities. Resistance, strong as it here is, will not save this man; prolonga- tion of life is not cure and as we approach January, 1914, the weight slips down, the urine gravities rise and the man becomes so weak we cannot disturb him to obtain his weight, resistance is failing us and the end is apparently near ; the writer determined to burn his bridges, to cast resistive oxygen aside and reach out for vital oxygen. Now examine section C. The weight rises under the first im- pulse of the vital oxygen, although it falls some later but we do not worry about this because one hundred and ninety pounds is enough for the man to weigh and because the writer knows that the weight is rising at the present time (the drawing does not reach to the time of writing). Now examine the urine gravities after January i, 19 14. See the vital form of oxygen bring the gravity down first to 1.014, then it rises to 1.022, then down to even lower than the first fall (1.013), then up again, then down, not for one period of fifteen days as before, but steadily down for three periods of fifteen days and lower than ever at 1.012, then up but not so far as formerly, then down, and for fifteen days it stays down, then up very high (1.025), then down to 1. 014 and there it stays. What a fight of the forces must have gone on within this man's chemical body during this period of full eight months when the power of vital oxygen attacked the power of the disease. 1 88 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease We do not intend to go further into the details of this case, except to say that on the twentieth of July this man went to work and a few days ago the writer saw him wheeling a wheelbarrow fully loaded with bricks. He said he felt well, and he looked it. In revising our work in June, 191 5, the writer finds it possible to complete this record. The man appeared to progress well and after starting to work in July, 1914, continued his employment until the spring of 191 5, when he took sick and died in a few days from an obstruction of the bowels. This is the only death that we have had in the hundreds of cases we have treated; it is unfortunate and disappointing as it makes room for endless argument, but criticism and argument cannot destroy the wonderful record of the struggle between the opposing forces of the disease and the oxygen as truthfully depicted upon the drawing. Of other patients there are many and of various classes, all showing improvement. Nervous breakdowns; chronic headaches; deranged hearts have become normal; generally low physical con- ditions have entirely recovered. One case of throat trouble, where the voice had been practically lost for months, speedily recovered. We have seen carbuncles stopped in their formation. One of our physicians writes, "It is the best tonic I have ever known"; another says that the symptoms, in any case, are always reduced when the treatment is administered. The oxidized oil has been particularly valuable in the case of children, ranging in age from eight to twelve years, when they have become run down and nervous, possibly from growing too fast.. When placed on ten-drop doses after each meal, they recover with great rapidity. It is not our purpose to argue about the results; let them stand Nutritive Oxidation 189 for themselves. It should be remembered, however, that these results were predicted on the condition that practical oxidation could be attained. Have we had failures? Yes, in that we seemed to accomplish little; but we never have done harm, and we know of no case where the oxygen was properly and persistently taken that there were not decided benefits. The only trouble with this branch of the work is that the oil is hard to digest, consequently we are limited to a maximum dose of but twenty drops. The field should be explored to secure other materials that will carry active oxygen without being so indigestible. Although this is a perfectly feasible course, we have not the facilities for carrying it out. We have oxidized other oils but have had no opportunity to use them. The keeping of records; the citing of particular cases is of great value but beyond and above all this is the record that time makes, for it is the final test. For four years we have been making and giving this oxidized oil to those who asked for it — not others for we have sought none — and the very fact, for it is a fact, that we are supplying more today than ever before is the test of time. If the oxidized oil had not possessed great inherent value of its own, it could not have progressed unless advertising and energy had been put back of it; these have never been employed and we have never taken a penny for it. There is a warning we wish to give for those who may investigate our process, viz. : that the early stages of the investigation of such questions as are here raised, should not contemplate an attempt to make records by treating the worst class of cases. It should ever be borne in mind that we know little as yet of oxidation, either in application or result, and the "miracles " should be left for a later day. At this point the reader has before him all of the results of our 190 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease experiments, both upon animals and human beings and we would ask him to turn back and see that from one end to the other of these experiments there is but one story told and that a simple fact. Oxidation has been accomplished and the results have been beneficial. Furthermore we would have him realize the truth, so apparent in the accumulated facts of these experiments. It is this — we do not give the world a new cure — we give it far more, new principles upon which to base the rational treatment of disease. This wonderful power of oxidation that nature has placed within our reach must not be lost. Note. — Perhaps the statement that my work is revolutionary and would require the physician to admit that all his vast accumulation of knowledge must now be thrown aside has been made, in criticism of these experiments, more fre- quently than any other single comment. I think it necessary to plainly state that this is neither my opinion nor the opinion of any of those who thoroughly understand the work. Plainly stated, the fact seems to be that we have worked a step further back in the chemistry of life than those who have preceded us. The physician deals with his serums, his antibodies and his phagocytes while we deal with the elements of which they are composed. Given the proper pro- portion and action of the elements of which the body is composed and the serums, the antibodies Euid the phagocytes must come as a natural result and in greater force. The revitalized body must respond in this respect as the depressed or depleted body cannot and this is one of the great points that our experiments prove. — ^J. T. REVIEW It is our intention to bring together in this chapter certain features of our work for the purpose of concentrating the reader's attention upon the very strong proofs of the power of oxygen which the work holds. We shall commence with an axiom. If a number of guinea pigs, which are as nearly identical as pos- sible, are divided into two groups and each group kept under the same conditions and fed the same, but the one group, marked -^ as a matter of identification, are kept for say three months continuously under the influence of intensified oxygen, while the other group, marked -©- as a matter of identification, are kept away from the influence of the intensified oxygen: Then if our claim that intensified oxygen can raise the vital forces of the living body is correct, the oxidized, •^, animals must show some proof of the truth of this theory when they in common with the natural, -©-, animals, are brought to the ordeal of an identical inoculation. There can be no doubt that a thorough investigation of our work would finally center upon such a proposition as conclusive of the matter. We place on page 192 the drawing The Proposition That is AN Axiom. Here we have carried out all the conditions of our proposition allowing absolutely no difference between the two groups of animals excepting that the ones represented by the solid line were oxidized before their inoculation while the ones represented by the dotted line were natural animals. 191 5 \ pri ^ 1 1 1 •s \ I I 1 \ ^' V \ i. "* / « / ?Jo, / «* V J , \ ■^ t. «■' J & / k 1^ ID 1/ «ut.. Sept. ism. 202 The Chemical and Mechanical Section 203 A lighted bunsen burner is placed at A, the heat from which passes through the path marked H and is registered on the thermom- eter. Should the heat rise too much, either turn the burner down or open the valve which is connected with a pipe near the top of the flame and which will conduct the heat through a different path (H') from that occupied by the glass tube. Immerse the bent end of the glass tube in a small bottle containing iodide of potassium and starch solution. The gas passing slowly through the glass tube is heated to the temperature shown by the thermometer (400° C), all so-called ozone is destroyed at 310° C; if no nitric oxides or acid are present no color is imparted to the test- ing solution, while if they are present the color is in direct proportion to the quantity. Of late we have been using, instead of this apparatus, a capillary platinum tube, coiled and heated red hot, as we have found that the oxides of nitrogen, even in minute traces, are stable even at a red heat. This test is wonderfully delicate, we being able to clearly detect peroxide of nitrogen when present only to the extent of one part in one hundred thousand. THE EFFECT OF MAGNETISM ON OZONIZED AIR Under this title we place a drawing on page 205. The following description records one of the real mysteries of this work — the experiments that we cannot now repeat. Three bottles marked A, B, C, capacity about 2,500 c.c, are attached by glass pipe lines to the pipes containing the ozonized air. The ozonized air is passed first through cotton to cleanse it thor- oughly, then through three successive washings in concentrated C. P. sulphuric acid to dry it, then through the bottles which are placed in tandem. By means of the proper arrangement of the glass tubes the gas passes through a tube to the bottom of the bottle, then leaves the bottle through a tube near the top. The gas is allowed to rush through these bottles for one half hour so that there shall be no question of their containing anything but identically the same quality of the ozonized air. They are now taken away and glass stoppers inserted. These bottles are then placed in three different positions as shown by the drawing. At the end of three hours they are opened and a measured quantity of iodide of potash and starch solution poured into each. The standard, bottle A , and the one placed in the electro-magnetic field, bottle B, both show the presence of the ozonized air unchanged by turning the testing solution as deep a blue as the same quantity of the fresh gas would do. Bottle C, which has had an ordinary six-inch horseshoe magnet hung close to, but not touching it, fails to change the testing solution, thus proving that no so-called ozone remains in it. 204 205 2o6 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease A number of further experiments seemed to indicate that the position of the magnet with regard to the axis of the earth had a distinct influence upon the reaction. When the bottle was placed south of the magnet the reaction seemed to be more rapid. We constructed a large iron magnet operated by a dynamo and capable of lifting three hundred pounds. It destroyed the gas but not more rapidly than the small one. These experiments were made a great number of times by Dr. Riddle and the writer during the first nine months of 19 lo. To say that they were repeated fifty times without failure during this period would not be an exaggeration. Other persons were invited to see and saw them. After October, 1910, we lost this characteristic of the gas and all efforts to repeat the experiment have since failed. We will not stop to marvel at the fact that magnetism has here possibly shown its power to cause chemical activity or to speculate upon the wonders of such a revelation. If magnetism does it in one case it probably will be found to do it in others, but this is not the field we are now investigating. The significance of the matter to us (we would not publish an incomplete piece of work such as this for a lesser reason) is that the period in which these experiments were made was the period of the January and the August Experiments, when tubercular healing and cures were present as they have never been since ; where weight changes were clear and decisive. It may be that the solution of our problem will come when we are able to reliably make and use a form of so-called ozone that is decom- posed by the proximity of an iron magnet. While we speak of the magnet as causing this phenomenon, yet in view of what we know regarding the effect of iron upon so-called ozone, it is worth bearing in mind that the wire in the electro-magnet The Effect of Magnetism on Ozonized Air 207 is copper and that it is within the range of possibility that the reac- tions were caused by the proximity of iron to the gas. Note. — ^Since writing the above Doctor Charles P. Steinmetz has offered as a possible explanation of the phenomenon the possibility of the " ozone " having been destroyed by the presence in the bottles of very finely divided iron, com- ing from the iron revolvers of the blowers, incapable, on account of the small quantity and extreme minuteness of the particles, of destroying the gas until gathered into one place by the attractive power of the horseshoe magnet. The electro-magnetic field would not draw the particles of iron to one place as it encompassed the whole bottle. We have decided to publish both the phe- nomenon and Doctor Steinmetz's very interesting explanation. THE EXPERIMENTS WITH THE GLASS TUBES Under this title we place a drawing on page 209. Our object in publishing these experiments is to place such data here as will plainly show that so-called ozone is not the simple prob- lem it has been considered to be; to show characteristics that will prove it to be very far reaching in its character and consequent ramifications. Upon the upper section of the drawing we show a glass tube four feet long by three fourths of an inch internal diameter. Scattered upon the floor of this tube is a small quantity of chemically pure sesquioxide of iron — the highest ordinary oxide of this metal. The so-called ozonized air enters the tube at A and passes over the iron oxide to the exit B. At 5 a bottle filled with iodide of potash and starch solution is so placed as to allow the gas to bubble through it. The gas passing slowly through this tube fails to turn the solution blue, thus showing that the so-called ozone has been destroyed. It may be objected that the iron oxide is not pure, or not all of the higher oxide, or has been oxidized to a still higher oxide by the acknowledged high oxidizing power of ozone. All these criticisms are very reasonable at this stage and to meet them we allowed the gas to pass through this tube, day and night, for fifteen months and at the end of that time the gas was destroyed exactly as it had been at the start. The continuous action here shown cannot be due to a simple oxidation else all the ferric oxide would have long since been oxidized and so the reaction brought to an end. On the lower section of the drawing we place another glass tube open at but one end, the other being sealed. This tube has been filled with ordinary rosin, carefully melted and annealed so as to 208 The Experiments IViTM The Gums Tvacs. o «r B MeLTiNC Point Of Rosin At ^tart 87 C. «■ i fH _ MELTINC Ptf INT 1 17 C. 2 ft 5 ^1 cr - MariN&FoiNT I lo'c. 209 210 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease give a stick of rosin without any cracks or flaws fifteen inches long and one half inch in diameter, surrounded by glass walls except at one end which is open to allow the gas to come in contact with it. So-called ozone has the power of raising the melting point of rosin by simple contact with it. At the start the rosin used had a drip melting point of 87° Centigrade. The tube was placed, at ordinary temperatures, in a room con- stantly filled with the gas for a period of twenty-five days. At the end of this time the melting point had been raised at its surface, at the open end of the tube to 117° C. The lower end of the glass tube was then cut off one inch from the bottom, a sample of the rosin taken and found to have a melting point of 110° C. The gas had penetrated to the very bottom of the tube and performed its work almost as well as at the top. "O3 — an allotropic form of oxygen." This is certainly no ordi- nary modified form of oxygen. It is a problem and it must be carved out of the flint of human ignorance of the things with which we are surrounded. WHAT IS SO-CALLED OZONE? Here is the very pith of our problems. Here is where we must first center if we are to reap complete success, and here we are the least prepared for our work. Undoubtedly the animal work should, if necessary, be set aside and all energy bent unceasingly upon this strange mystery until by means of its solution we are enabled to think intelligently about it, so that our deductions may be reasonable and consequently our results foreshadowed. Dr. Riddle advances the idea that ozone may be simply an ex- citation of the elements caused by passing the atmosphere through the "silent" electric discharge: a greater activity being imparted to them, but not necessarily resulting in any definite combination be- tween them. Ozone may be the division of what we consider an element, it may also be a definite combination of oxygen and nitrogen into the form of an oxide of nitrogen as yet unknown to us, as for instance N20io, its oxidizing power depending upon the overload of oxygen it carries. In dealing with this problem we are unable to find records of the work of others that show clear proof of the absolute accuracy neces- sary and so we believe that it is imperative for us to start at the very beginning and to prove which element or elements enter into the problem. We think the best way to attain this is to make oxygen by the electrolysis of distilled water, collecting the gas by using a one per cent, solution of iodide of potash and starch as a menstruum instead of water and acting upon the collected gas with a high tension 212 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease spark, utilizing the necessarily remaining small portion of the iodide solution as an indicator for the gas. In addition to the above course with oxygen we would suggest the preparation of large quantities of the atmosphere from which the oxygen has been completely removed, by means of pyrogallic acid and soda solution, for like tests, as also the preparation of perfectly pure nitrogen. Having by such means absolutely proved which element or ele- ments are necessary to the formation of the gas, a right start can be made and the direction of the investigation followed with much greater confidence than at present. To undertake to deal with this problem arbitrarily or by means of assumed statements in regard to it would lead to no good, hence such a course has not been pursued. Neither will we attempt to prove even what little we may, but rather rely upon the one thing that holds out hope of reasonable deductions — the fact that the skilled experimenter frequently acquires reliable information simply from the skill and insight that comes from long and constant scrutiny of his subject. Ours has been for a period of more than six years. Without attempting to speak authoritatively, without attempting to make the matter concrete by placing suppositious formulas before the reader, we merely state what in our judgment is the trend of the matter. In our judgment so-called ozone consists of not one form of matter but of many, how many we will not attempt to say. Of these differ- ent gases we believe that their most definite characteristic is dif- ference in oxidizing power. Some forms are so weak in oxidizing power as to be useless for our purpose. Others are sufificiently active to create a strong resistance to tuberculosis. A third form seems to be so intensely active as to oxidize the living animal so strongly as to enable it to throw off disease easily. What is So-Called Ozone? 213 The clear evidence of this latter form and its successful results are shown in {he January and the August Experiments, while the gas used in the First May Experiment seems to have belonged to the second class, and yet, on the very verge of what it should be as evidenced by the extreme resistance to the disease and the fact that tubercular healing was present in some of the animals. So-called ozone of the class that we require may be such an intense oxidizing agent as to cause it to oxidize the nitrogen accom- panying it through the pipes, possibly not necessarily in the generat- ing cells, but after passing them. We have, for instance, pretty clearly established the fact that some forms of so-called ozone transport through pipes without loss of strength while others lose as much as twenty-five per cent, of their strength in passing from the engine room to the animals. We are inclined to think that especial significance attaches to those forms that decompose most readily as in our judgment they will be the most active. In the chapter on the effects of magnetism, we have dealt with another characteristic tending to the same conclusions, for probably the gas that was destroyed by the magnet was not the same as the one which was not. The continual discussion which this whole ozone question has raised is quite possibly due to this same condition as some claim to have obtained wonderful results while others cannot sustain their work. If we assume that the problem is as we have stated, this state of affairs is fully accounted for, for unknowingly one person gets a suitable gas while another makes something entirely different. If the case is as we think, the proper steps can be taken to prove it and make the future practical because it should not be very diffi- cult, with the whole field of chemistry from which to draw, to obtain reagents that would be differently oxidized by the various forms of (15) 214 Experiments with Oxygen on Disease the gas and so enable us to place ourselves on a stable foundation. The writer is inclined to think that it may possibfy be necessary to draw air for oiir purpose from a large natural source of absolutely uniform supply, as for instance from the Mammoth Caverns of Kentucky where the air is of a fixed temperature, humidity, etc., and where even the effect of light has been removed for long periods. In such a way an absolutely fixed condition of the atmosphere would be obtained which, even if not normal, would establish a reliable working basis. A coal mine should not be used for such a purpose, as the organic matter present might affect the result. Probably an ordinary prepara- tion of the air as regards temperatures and humidities will be suffi- cient, but the above should be kept in mind. THE GAS DISTRIBUTOR This apparatus is exceedingly simple both in design and operation; its object being to measure, mix and deliver the air and "ozone" at the strength and volume determined by the operator. On page 216 we place a detailed drawing of the instrument. The rear portion of the case (2) is a measuring device in the form of a cast-iron cylinder six inches long and exactly one and seven eighths inches inside diameter, opening into a larger cylinder (4) three and one half inches in diameter, this latter portion of the ap- paratus acting as a mixing chamber for the gases. The smaller or inlet end of this casting is threaded for two 'and one half inch pipe and is screwed into a two and one half inch valve, the outlet end is threaded to fit a four-inch pipe which, however, is not attached in ordinary use. Fitted through the side of the mixing chamber is a three quarter inch brass pipe (5) carrying the "ozone"; attached to this pipe by means of an elbow is a piece of brass pipe (6) in which ten holes are drilled and reamed to exactly three sixteenths of an inch in diameter. A brass ferrule (7) is threaded as a sleeve over the perforated pipe; as this ferrule is moved it either opens or closes the holes and as three sixteenths of an inch is in area equal to one one-hundredth of the area of a circle of one and seven eighths inches, under uniform conditions, just one per cent, of "ozone" will mix with the air for each hole opened, but the conditions are not uniform as the shape and the length of the openings differ and it has been necessary to find the proper pressures on each gas. This has been accomplished by means of gas meters and we have established as a working rule 215 22 N- o The Gas Distributor 217 four inches of water pressure for the air and three inches for the "ozone," these figures not being exact but close enough to be prac- tical. By placing a piece of pipe and a four-inch valve on the outer end of the distributor casting and tapping a small pipe into the side of the pipe, the distributor can be used for the surface treatment of wounds, or any form of local application. Slightly closing the four- inch valve will cause sufficient pressure to force a portion of the mixed air and gas out through the small side pipe. For this latter purpose the whole apparatus should be coated with tin and the four-inch valve should only be closed enough to cause a satisfactory flow through the side pipe, as it is apparent that if it is closed to a considerable extent it will retard the proper mixing of the gases. The distributor must be constructed exactly as shown in the drawing and must be kept clean and free from dust. THE TESTING OF SO-CALLED OZONE We are seriously hampered by the lack of a good quantitative method for testing this gas, but we have succeeded in evolving a •method which gives satisfactory comparative results. The essential of the method is identical operations upon an assumed standard of strength. We have learned to consider a certain strength of the gas as normal, and in order to inform the reader in regard to that standard we give, in rotation, the essentials, using as an indicator the blue color formed in a solution of iodide of potash and starch by the action of the gas bubbling through the solution for fifteen seconds. The intensity of the color to be obtained can be determined by dissolving o.i grams of iodine in 50 c.c. grain alcohol and then diluting with water to exactly 1000 c.c. To 25 c.c. of a one per cent, solution of potassium iodide in water, to which 3 c.c. of starch solution have been added, add 5 c.c. of the iodine solution; the color obtained will be the same that we use as normal in our testing. On page 219 we place a drawing of the testing nipple. The essen- tial dimensions of this design must not be changed, for if the form or dimensions are changed the quantity of gas passing through it at a given pressure will be changed. It should be made of brass and cleaned before use by passing a one sixteenth drill through the open- ing, being careful, however, not to enlarge the opening. Through this nipple at the same pressure, the same quantity of gas will pass at all times. Its use is to measure the gas tested. The testing solution is a one per cent, solution of potassium iodide in distilled water and may be made in quantity and kept indefinitely. 218 s" _ §■ i iThreadeo 'FOR^VlPE. l^-f ■j^ Drilled, Exact, Gas Testing Nipple. DESiewEO BY