'r BELLS Jt^irty-Day 5prii}^ Ji'mers, , In all Languages. SUITABLE ••• FOR •?■ H07VYE ••• HND ••• OFFICe. SOLD BY THE JEWELRY TRADE. Ithaca Calendar Clock Company ITHKCH. N. Y.. U. S. K. See Pau-p -THE Siaiicliird Automatic xMiisical Instrument OF= THE DT^Y IS THE UNRIYALED IN TONE AND EXECUTION, ANE ABOVE ALL IN CHEAPNESS AND DURABILITY. ALL f ORKMI PARTS OF METAL. The Catalogue of Tuiies already pre- aVKKUlii'" '""'l^ pared comprises over '^u-T -^ ji. 500 selections. Ex- tra Rollers at the uniform price of 25c. j each. Enquire of any music dealer, or send ^^^~ for circulars to the manufacturers. 'Gem Roller Organ," Price $6.00, with three Rollers. "Concert Roller Organ," Price $12.00, with three Rollers. THE AUTOPHONE Go., iti^aca, n. y. See P;i">- :^NtVlT00U«O^,,^^^^ -iA£E 7Ut73iNUI=KCTURE- StDiidQrd Well Tools oiid Mttcliinery oiji Contract for Beep oiid ^Ijttllow Wells. RUST ARTESIAN WELL Go., ithaga. n. y. See Page 43. Operates liO miles and traverses a fertile section of New York. No road leading out of Elmira has been more patronized or popular witli excursionists than this, and thousands of peoi>le are talcen out of, or brought into, the city during sunnner montlas. It traverses a country imeq ualed in t he agriculture of the United States, and abounding in beautiful scenery that opens up like an iinending pan- orama along the. entire route, d(jtted at short intervals with prosper- o us and po])ulous towns and cities, the principal ones being, Elmira, N. Y., Ithaca, N. Y., witli its famous gorges, beautiful scen- ery and world-renown- ed Cornell Univei-sity; Cortland, the city ot manufacture, with its f'^T enormous factories ; DeEuyter, Cazenovia, ^ _ Canastota and Cam- iTTT-^f. den, N. Y., cities tlmt have made wonder- E., C. &, N. DEPi ful progress since the completion of this road, which affords them excellent transportaticm facilities to the most remote parts of the country, and, by developing their resources has tejnpted manufactm'ers to locate here. The dense forests, beautiful valleys, numerous mountains, lakes and streams which fairly teem with game of every description, have made the route of the E., C. & N. a favorite one with tourists and sportsmen D NORTHERN R. R. Tlie passenger department of the road is provided with elegantly appointed coaclies, while the equip- ment of engines and otlier factors which guarantee the lives and safe transport of passengers and ti^aftic are in general ui) to the highest standard. The running of trains has always been effected with mathematical precision and certain- ty, and there are fewer records of fatahties and accidents than any other road in the country. The E., C. &, N. for safety and comfort is not excelled and by close connec- t i o n the traveler avoids tedious delays, and no I'oad of equal length connects witli so many of the lead- ing lines in this part of tlie countiy. Tourist's tickets either one Avay <5r i-eturji to all pleas- ure resorts may be pur- chased of any of the agents along the hue. OT, ELMIRA, N. Y. The management of the E., C. & N. is in excellent hands, men of broad guage, unerring in judgment, possessing sagacity, dis- cernment and foresight — men who are fully equal to tlie problem of successfully managing a great modern railway enterprise. The president of the road Mr. Austin Corbin, whose office is located at 192 Broad- way, New Y(jr]c, is ably assisted in the management of the road by Albert Allen, general superintendent, Sceneiy on the E, C. & I>i is both Pictui- esque and E,omantic. fjLv'n* ^T 'm%f'^w-'^ SCENE ON THE E., 0. &, who repair to these localities during the seasons. The road penetrates some of the most gorgeously beautiful and picturesque sections of New York. Dark gorges and beautiful glens, ah of them visible to the eye from the passing train, to attract attention oi travelers. -.^T'-'J'' SCENE ON THE E., G. & N. T. Kearsley, master mechanic and F. H. Morse, car accountant, with headquarters at Cortland, N. Y., C. W. Williams, general fi'eight and passenger agent, M. A. Smith, auditor and purchasing agent, with (ifficcs in Elmira. Tiiese gentlemen are industrious' workers and never tire in their endeavor to m^ke toe E., C. & N. one of the most comfortable and popular routes in the country. Sylvan Beach. The Coney Island of Central New Yo/k has become one of the most popular summei Jesorts, and is located on Oneida lake, 13S mdes from Elmira. It is twenty-six miles long and six miles are forgotten. One of the greatest attractions of this famous resort with a beach of over one mile m length, without a stone or even a pebble, is a plunge m the roUing surf these warm summer days. Tlie water at a distance of nearly 300 feet from the shore is scarcely over four feet deep and a bath in its crystal waters is always to be remembered. Amusements of all kinds including toboggan shdes, roller coasters, merry-go- round, music, danc- ing, etc., are to be enjoyed here and are liberally patron- ized by excursion- ists. There are sev- eral first-class hotels ?1 containing within ithemselves every Ipossible improve- ment known to the modern hotel of the highest rank, at which concerts are given by first- class bands daily. Oneida lake is undoubtedly the most charming and beautiful of all sheets of water, Avith which the State abounds and Sylvan Beach is the easiest to approach and the nearest to the comforts of civ- ilization, and for people of limited as well as abundant means, there could possibly be no better or more appropriate place for a summer outing. One cannot imagine a place bet- ter designed for the completeenjoyment of pic-nic parties than Sylvan Beach; ]iot a pleasant day during the season, but witnesses the departure from the various stations of the E., C. & N. of numerous parties for a a days' outing at this pleasure re- sort, where they can enjoy a ride on the lake or up Wood river, a shady wind- Any information ing stream well stocked with fish, ^....j .^.w...-. concerning Sylvan Beach will gladly be furnished by Mr. C. W. Williams, the popular passenger agent of E., C. & N., and we would advise parties who con- template getting up an excursion or any outing of any kind to consult the above named gentleman or any agent along the hue, all of whom will be found courteous and pohte, and will gladly give all the information desired. . - ■ .......ii.g ,jn, i„c: ,,c.-M niiiaetioiis on the road ■will be plaveil. He in tiie eounti'y, knows just what the people want, and will not allow any "snap" wide and affords excellent opportunities for fishing and camping parties. The water is of great purity and depth and the fish that abounds in its waters are fit for the epicurean palate, and the breezes which sweep down its attenuated length are robbed of midsummer caloric. There is .some'thing so restful, entertainhig and care-free in a voyage upon Oneida lake, on one of the excellent boats that it will linger pleasantly in memory long after other features of a summer tour n '^°^If.^lt^'^l%°uJ^f.t^ ^^U^^.\Hh Ti°"''^ '*■''*'' that ari-angements can be made whereby seats can be reserved in advance, at the Opera House at Ebmra and Mr. Smith, the lu.'uiager, inloriiisns that nothing bnt the best nttraei" ' " "" is one of the best known and posted managers in the country, knows iust wlmt tho ,m,,..i.^ „. company to impose on the theatre goers of this section. ITHKC7X, N. Y. AS A CITY OF= RESIDENCE 'm MANUFACTURE. llXxtstratcxl. No claim for originality is advanced, our object being to present a complete resume of the healthy condition of commerce and traffic and the flourishing condition of the manufacturing, banking, wholesale and retail houses, and trade circles generally, together with interesting reading matter pertaining to the early events of the city, the advantages of ^ THE FORESI ClI! J? \ SIMEU EESOBI -: )t -AND- EDUCATIONAL CENTER, As WELL AS Engravings of Prominent Business Men, Public Buildings, Factories, Scenery, Etc, 355uc6 unbcr i\\z auspices of tt^c (Elmira, dortlanb &: I^ortl^ern 2^. 'R, COTVYPII-HD BV J. K. 7V^:iI_L-ER. PUBLISHED BY J. A. m:iller &• CO. AUGUST, 189). Publisliers of Reviews OF Ceadipi} ?itie5 of /imeri(;a. TELEGRAM CO., PRINTERS, ELMIRA, N. Y. i.ftyfr-Na ^f* BIRDSEYE VIEW OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. VIEW OF CAYUGA LAKE FROM THE CASCADILLA SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD. See page 15 CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Curtis relates that one clay the study of Professor m Mr. George William in 1861 he was sittin_ Andrew D. White, at the University of Michigan, and that in the course of a conversation explaining the nature and characteristics of that institution, Professor White said to him that there ought to be a great university organized on a somewhat similar plan in central New York. This historical scholar then went on to relate hoAv, in his opinion, the colleges of the Empire state fell very far short of accom- plishing what was called for by the demands of the hour. This conver- sation is of historical interest, be- cause it reveals the fact that several years before Cornell University was founded the ideas that ulti- mately entered into it were even then somewhat fully matured. In 1863, Professor White was called back to his former home at Syra- cuse, in New York, by important business affairs in which he was then interested. At the next election he was chosen to represent the On- ondaga district in the New York Senate. When the Legislature met, in January, White, (then the youngest member) found occupying a seat near him, a plain, stern, farmer-like looking man, aheady past middle life, who bore the name of Ezra Cornell. These gentlemen had never met each other before, but they were soon drawn by a common interest into very close fel- lowship and friendship. One day Mr. Cor- nell said to Mr. White that he had about half a milhon of dol- lars more than was necessary for his family, and that he should be glad to know how he could best use the money for the good of his fellow men. It happened that at that very time the Legislature was under the necessity of considering what course should be taken in regard to the very nn- portant educational act of 1862, and Mr. Cornell then came forward with a proposition that if the Legisla- ture would devote the fund to the support of an msti- tution at Ithaca, he would suppliment the grant with a gift of half a milhon of dollars. This proposition coiild not at once be accepted. There were some who believed that the number of colleges in the state was already enough, and there were others who maintained that a greater good would result from a reinforcing of the colleges aheady in existence ; but these antagon- istic views could not be speedily brought together. The result, after nearly two years of heated discus- sion, was the acceptance of Mr. Cornell's proposition, and the adop- tion of the charter of Coiuiell Uni- versity. This instrument bears date of April 27, 1865, and the University was formally opened on the Tth of October, 1S6S. The favor with wliich this new enter- prise was received by the public was immediate and emphatic. The general nature of the project had become generally known. One of the sayings of Mr. Cornell to the effect that he ' 'would found an in- stitution where any person could ARMORY. fljici instruction in any study, " had Mr. ! been taken up by the newspapers and given wide- spread publicity. The consequence was that on the opening day of the University, and indeed for some days before, the roads leading to Ithaca had been well covered with pilgrims coniing to this new fount of knowledge. Not less than about six hundred young seekers after truth, bringing all grades of prep- aration, from that given at the humblest of grammar schools to that afforded by the proudest acad- emy in the land, scrambled for places at the opening doors of the University on that October day. About four hundred were actually admitted to the University. The plan of or- g a niz ation adopted by the trustees gave emphasis to be called the industrial side of education, at once estabhshed a strong department SAGE COLLEGE. what may There was of Agriculture, a school of Civil Engineering, a school of Mechanical Engineering and the Mechanic Arts, 11 ITHACA, NEW YOBK. and a school of Architecture, besides ttiese an effort made to provide exceptionally good facihties toi ^as as studies in Chemistry and ^u the Natural be e^^^^^^ wen as in the Ancient and Modern ^^l^ssics an 1 m Hib tory and Pohtical Science. A strong^corps of npi -i esi- dentlecturers was at once secured. P/'ofessoi &old^^ m Smith, Eegius Professor of History at Oxford was in- duced to cSme over from England and identifiy him- self with the fortunes of this new enterprise. LOUIS Agassiz, George Wilham Curtis, James EusseU Low- ell and Theodore Dwight gave a valuable impulse to the institution by their courses of lectures during tne first years after its organization. Before a single class had completed its course the students numbered nearly six hundred. Since 18S5, the helm of the institution has been in the hands of President Charles Kendall Adams, LL. D., who had succeeded President White as professor of history in the University of Michigan. The pohcy of President Adams ^~-- i- has been at once to sohdify and compact the organization of the departments already estabhshed under Pres- ident White, and to add such new features as have seemed to be called for by the larger numbers attending the University. D u r i n g ^ this period of develop- 1 ment the growth of * the University has been phenomenal. The number of professors and teachers of other grades regularly em- ployed is now about one hundred and ten. This very large teach- ing force has been sup- plemented by thirty or forty non-resident rep- resentatives of the va- rious branches of learn- ing. The number of students in attendance in lsyO-91 is thirteen hundred and ninety-two more than a hundred are pursuing graduate work. The prosperity of the University is readily ac- counted for by the large expenditures that have been made, not only for the best teachers that could be procured, but also for the material equipment of the various departments. Any stranger who visits the grounds of the University is surprised at the num- ber and the size of the college buildings. In stone, there are the Cascadilla Place, Morrill Hall, McGraw Hall, White HaU, Franklin Hall, Sibley College, Lin- coln HaU and tlie Library. In brick, there are the Armory and Gymnasium, the Sage Chapel, Sage Col- lege, Barnes Hall, Morse Hall, the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering, the Sibley College Machine Shops and the Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering. Besides this array of noble structures the campus of about seventy acres contains the residences of more than thirty officers of instruction. Adjacent to the campus on the east side is the domain of the College of Agriculture, Avhich in its varied departments occu- pies nearly a hundred and fifty acres. From the first it was the desire of the founder that co-education should be a characteristic of the University. It was not however, until 187i that the admission of women was made practicable by the erection of Sage College Tn that year the beautiful structure was completed which has since become the dehghtful home of a large number of the women admitted to the University. For the founding of the college for women Mr. Henry W Sage gave a quarter of a miUiou of dollars about one hundred and thirty thousand of which was devoted to the erection of the building and the remainder to its endowment. This structure, now under the control of a business manager and a principal is the abode ot about one hundred young women. These are admit- ted to all the classes of the University. Mr. Sage soon supplemented this noble gift by the erection of Sage Chapel ; and his son, Mr. Dean Sage, soon endowed the preachership. But the crowmng work of Mr. Safe's generosity to the University was shown m the & ° " erection and endow- ment of a University Ubrary. The building, which in midsummer of 1891 is receiving the finishing touches of the builders, is to be completed at a cost of nearly three hundred thousand doUars ; and the same munificent benefactor adds to the gift of the building an endowment of three hundred thousand dol- lars, the income of which is forever to be devoted to the pur- chase of books. An- other beautiful gift to the University was that of Mr. A. S. Barnes, the eminent publisher of New York. The building which bears liis name was given for the purposes PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL LABORATORY. gf the Christian Asso- and of these, somewhat | ciation and such other uses of the University as may be found not to confiict with the needs of the associa- tion. This building has become the real heart of the University. Almost every evening of the week a meeting is held in some one of its numerous rooms. The regular exercise prescribed by the faculty and afforded by the gymnasium insures an unusual measure of health to all classes of students, and the success of the various athletic organizations in competition with other colleges testifies to the spirit and the vigor with which athletic sports are carried on. Other buildings are to be erected in the near future. The School of Law which was founded only four years ago has al- ready more than one hundred and twenty students and the demand for a new building is imperative. The foundations will be laicl in the summer of 1891 and it is expected that in the faU of 1892 a new, commodious and elegant building will be ready for occupation. Provision has also been made for a building which shall bring together all the departments which consti- tute the College of Agriculture. The Cascadilla School. About midway between the Cornell University campus and the E C & T depot IS situated a large brick building, overiookiuo- both campus and city. From its coninianding i os t ofi It at once attracts the traveler's attention and on en quirmg, one learns that it is the new home of the ■ -, X ('ASCADILLA SCH(X)L. To residents Of Ithaca and former Corneh students the school has been known for nearly fifteen yeare as a special preixaratory school for Cornell Universitv conducted by Professor Luciaii A. Wait, at Cascadilla place. But the facilities there oifered wei foS in adequate to meet the constantly increasing demands During the past year, 1S;»0, the new school building was erected, and to meet the chAuged condition thi school lias l)een entirely reorganized. The school- house, consisting of three stories is a marvel of its kind On the first floor is the library and office of the director and principal, a large study room and closets On the second floor are three large class rooms s<) progress may Ije noted and his faults corrected. The A\ ork ot the gymnasium is placed in charge of a com- petent instructor, who also personally directs all out- of-door sports. The athletic grounds, proper, are situ- ated on the north side of FaU Creek, directly opposite the McGraw-Fiske mansion. It is confidently beheved that no better selection could have been made in ithaca, either in point of healthfulness, beauty of sur- roundings, or natural advantages. Situated four huii- clrecl feet above Cayuga Lake, and commanding a view t^'euty miles over the water to the north and twelve or htteen miles to the south-west up a beautiful valley, with an open field and plenty of room for foot-ball, base-baU, tennis, running, and kindred sports, Avith two natural terraces on the north-east side, fifteen to thirty feet in height, overlooking the field,— it is clear that the natural advantages of the CascadiUa athletic grounds are ah that could be desired. BOATING AND SKATING. AU boys have not the same tastes ; all sports are not VIEW OF CASCADILLA SCHOOL. arranged as to receive an abundance of light from one side only, with slate Idack boards, folding seats, and aU the latest approved modern appliances. The entire third floor is reserved for gymnasium and bath rooms. The gymnasium apparatus has been selected for the school by Dr. Hitchcock, professor of physical culture in the Cornell University. In the spacious halls are recesses for reading desks, whicli will be supplied with the best current magazines and neAvspapers. The building is finished throughout in oak, fitted for both electric lighting and gas, has electric beUs, spealdng tubes, the hot air method of ventilation, heated by steam — in short, it is, according to the most moderu ideas, a model school building. PHYSICAL CULTURE. It is recognized that a temperate and judicious sys- tem of physical training has peculiar claims upon every weU-meaning school. To this end each boy, soon after his admission to the CascadiUa school, is given a careful physical examination to determine what is best for his bodily development ; these exam- inations are repeated from time to time, that the boy's equahy attractive to any one boy. In order that no pupil of the Cascadilla School may be excusable for neglect of physical exercise, the School has recently acquired about twenty acres of land at the head of Cayuga Lake, with a frontage of twelve hundred feet on the lake and upwards of a quarter of a mile on Fall Creek. Boys are encouraged to make good use of this water privilege, but only when in charge of a competent in- structor. The water off-shore for nearly a quarter of a mile scarcely exceeds ten feet in depth ; the bottom sloijes gently away, affording excellent facihties for bathing. In winter. Fall Creek and the shallow por- tions of the lake are unrivaled for skating. The in- creased attendance from abroad has rendered suitable home accommodations imperative. During the past year about one-third of the pupils have had homes under the personal supervision of teachers. Arrange- ments have been made for the reception in the fall of 1891 of aU students who may desire a home with the principal. The advantages offered in this way by the school are among the most desirable in the city. The Cornell Era, published by the students of the Uuiver- 16 ITHACA, KEW YORK. sity, in its issue of January 31, 1S91, speaks as follows concerning the school: "The principal is James Ji. Eussell, A. B., Cornell, 'S7, who, since graduation, has been engaged in similar work in eastern prepai-atory schools It is a fact worthy of note that Mr. Eussell was the first student to take honors m philosophy un- der Dr. Schurman. Professor Wait is general director of the school, and stiU personally directs the work m mathematics. The students thus receive the benehts of his university experience. The active management of the school, however, falls on Mr. Russell. The corps of instructors, thirteen in all, are each speciahsts in their respective subjects, and many of them are names famihar to CorneU students. The more ad- vanced students are enabled, in certain subjects, to have the same instruction and the same instructor as carried on, so that each may know the boy's tendencies and needs, and thus responsibility is mutually shared. Monthly special reports are sent to parents, and de- tailed reports at the end of each term. The boys are required to do the best they can. All the assistance is given, in and out of school, that is good for them. Tl^ boys rooming outside are located in approved places, and are frequently visited by the teachers. The work is made as attractive as possible, and the several prizes, scholarships, etc., offered are all means to this end. It is not intended that the number of boys at the Cascadilla school shall ever become, as large as at Exeter or Andover. The intention is to build up a thoroughly fine home school for one hundred boys. A greater number than this would not, according to the method of the school officers, be conducive to THE MOUTH OF FALL CREEK-CAYUGA LAKE. they would have in the university. The work in the i university is thus anticipated, and the student is pre- ' pared, not only to pass the university entrance exami- I nations, but to continue his work after having entered. | Being the only school especially preparing students for Cornell, the ' Cascadilla ' is intended to be primarily a thorough, excellent preparatory school. To this end, ; only the very best class of students are sought or admitted. Reliable recommendations are required for i everyone. Apphcation blanks are sent to the apph- cant's parent or guardian, who is required to answer questions, such as the following : ' Did the applicant leave the school last attended in good standing ;' ' For what coUege or university do you wish him prepared?' i 'Does he use tobacco in any form?' 'Does he have your i consent to visit places where liquor is sold as a bever- i age ?' 'Does he have your consent to visit public bilhard halls or saloons ?' Those Avho know the officers of the | school know that an affirmative answer to the last two questions is a bar to the apphcant's admission ' After these boys have been admitted who are sup- '-. posed to be gentlemen, they are treated as such. Cor- i Showing Cascadilla School Property on the Left. the best results. The instruction aimed at is individual. Classes are purposely kept small so that attention may be given to each boy individually, rather than to the class as a whole. ' Our ambition,' said Mr. Russell to the Era representative, ' is to make the school first, a safe place to which any gentlemanly boy may be sent ; and second, to furnish a training which shall fit him to take high rank at CorneU or any other lead- ing American college. Boys who wish to prepare for Harvard or Yale usually go to the better known schools of XeAv England. It Avould seem, however, from the present demand that there is a place here in Ithaca for a high grade preparatory school that shall be the equal to any in the country." The reputation that the school has already acquired, is due to Professor Wait, and it cannot fail to be maintained under the active management of Mr. Eussell, who is so well pre- pared to conduct the work. With its new building ; its efficient corps of instructors, — keeping the school in touch with the university methods and life ; with its admirable organization and methods, and wath con-, stantly increasing attendance, Cascadilla school is des , N. Y. It IS not our mteutioii to give iii this work a com- plete history of the city of Ithaca. To do such would requu-e us to go back to a period wheu the site of Ithaca was farst uihabited by the Jesuit Fathers as early as 1(15 1, and as the historv of this city from the beginning of the 19th century to the present time is sim- CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. ilar in many respects to that of other cities, we will not carry the reader through a long a tedious narrative of the past, reminiscences of which have been so copi- ously printed as to render everyone familiar with it. In 1834: we find Ithaca with three newspapers, two book stores, two hardware stores, three dry goods, three druggist, three jewelers, sixteen grocers, five milliners and thirty-six manufactming establish- ments. In the latter were employed 239 people in aH and they were making paper, flour, plaster, machinery, chairs, iron, plows, woolen goods, steam engines, etc. In ISoS the population of Ithaca was 7,153 and in 1866 had only increased to 7,264. The Ithaca and Athens railroad and the Ithaca and Cortland railroad were opened in 1871 and in 1873 the Geneva and Ithaca railroad, while the Cayuga Lake railroad was opened in 1874. These roads afforded Ithaca excellent ship- ping facilities and at once she began to grow in impor- tance as a manufacturing and commercial center. IKTEEESTING FACTS. As the city of Ithaca is the metropolis and capital of Tompkins county and contains at present the greater part of its population, manufacture and trade, we present the following statistics of the city. In 1870 Ithaca had a population of 7,264:. In ISSO the census returns indicated 9,800 people within her gates and in 1890 the U. S. census gives her a population of 12,000 souls, not mcludmg- the 2,000 students, professors, etc., at the Cornell University. Nothing affords a more satisfactory index of the progress of Ithaca during the past three years than the simple figures taken from the books of the city clerk, sliowiug the assessed value of property for taxation. This showing, however IS far short of the actual value. Much property, especially personal— cash in hand, etc., escapes taxation altogether. The city clerk's footings are as follows : Value of real estate in Ithaca as shown by~tax dup- hcateoflSOO | 2,.518,9e7.00 \ alue ot personal property in Ithaca as shown by tax duplicate of 1890 440,080 00 Increase of tax duplicate of 1890 over 1888 139 185 00 --1 o'^^'^S °'' *a.xation in Ithaca for 1888 on the $100.00, valuation, !l51.o'-.; for 1890, |1.37, showing a very liberal decrease over 1888. The city of Ithaca comprises an area of some six miles square, and has forty-one miles of street. MANUFACTUEING. There are eighty different manufacturing estabhsh- ments in the city, ranging in magnitude from concerns giving employment to 250 men down to the private enterprise of ^the individual with a helper or two. They are respectively making agricultural implements, bake-stuffs, clocks, guns, paper, furniture, well-dig- ging machinery, engines and boilers, boats, glass, granite and marble-ware, gents' furnishing goods, wagons and carriages, barrels, doors, sash and blinds, cider, horse shoes and other miscellaneous articles of lesser importance. The number of men employed by manufacturers will aggregate at least 1,500. The trade of Ithaca's manufacturers now extends into aU Ijarts of this continent and even reaches to a consider- able degree into foreign countries. We herewith ^s T'T^'qgTJSfitr -^ T- HIGH SCHOOL. append the following table, which may be relied upon as being as near correct as it were possible to obtain the figures : Number of manufacturing concerns 80 Capital invested 11,163,000 00 Amount of annual output 1,786,000 00 Number of people employed 1,479 18 ITH AC ^» ^EW YORK. JOBBING AND KET AIL. .^ ^ The figvires shown m the latter part of o^\i: ecWona. on mannfacturing represents the output of hos^^ con cerns and have nothing to do .^^^th the obbmg anc retail interests of the city, which of ^omse fai out strips her industrial resources. Some idea of the^chai actir and extent of the jobbing trade of t^^e c ty may be had from the fact that there are thirty ^^'hole.aie laouses who annually transact a busmess aggregating from $3,000.(10 to i;100,000.UO and whose tiade extenu within a radius of from 200 to ^00 miles around Ithaca This does not include the retail trade, to which some 315 houses are devoted and who annually do a busi- ness of from $1,00(1.00 to $50,000.00 each. ITHACA'S ADVANTAGES AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER. As a manufacturing and distributing point the city has many advantages, and its claims in this respect different railroads in competition with each other bring to this market vast quantities of hard and soft coal from the coal fields of Pennsylvania, located "■f-bout sixty miles south of here, which are furnished to consumers-atthe lowest market prices. Fall Creek, a mountain stream, furnishes excellent water p(3wer which can be rented at very low figures ; and the state- ment of several manufacturers already located here, is that their savings amount to about 95 per cent over coal Some of the manufacturers located on this stream use as high as a 15(> horse powex, showing that the supply is fully equal to the demand. NEEDED INDUSTEIES. There are openings in Ithaca for men with energy and capital to engage profitably in the manufacture of the articles mentioned as follows : bait rehnery, cooperage, furniture, shoes, organs, stoves, buggies, varnishes, glass, railroad cars, tile works and above all is needed a weh equipped brick works, for this one THE TERRACE. Property of Professor Lucian A. Wait, Director of the Caseadilla School. See page IS. should not be lost sight of by those who are about to engage in business of any kind. Fully alive to the fact that the permanency or prosperity of any com- munity lies in the possession of a diversity of manu- facturing enterprises, the people of Ithaca have fos- tered and encouraged the location here of industrial estabhshments. First of all is : Its excellent trans- portation facilities afforded by the three railroads and canal, by way of Cayuga Lake, which bring to the doors of the manufactories raw materials and carry at a small cost the manufactured goods to the princi- pal marts of the country. The cost of living in Ithaca is cheaper than in most cities of the State. Labor of all kinds, skilled and unskilled is comparatively cheap, because rents are low and living at a minimum. The specialty there has long been an urgent demand, and within six miles of the citj^ can be found large beds of the finest clay, suitable for all kinds of brick, tile and terra-cotta ware. Any of the above concerns well managed would be placed on a paying basis from the start. SALT. The advantages of this city in this respect has long been the subject of much favorable discussion, but the idea generated has never been carried into execution. There is every indication that the salt industry here in the hands of experienced persons with capital and brains would prove a success, and they vi'-ould meet with liberal encouragement and assistance in their un- ITHACA, KE^ YOKK. 19 dertaking from the citizens of Ithaca. In the Amer- ican Geologist of October, 1890, can be found a report of a well drilled one-quarter of a mile south of Ithaca where at a depth of about 2,000 feet, a vein of salt 252 feet deep was found. The water which was pumped from the well being saturated with salt, which was 98 per cent. pure. In drihing a test well, a find of the very best mineral water Avas made at a depth of 380 feet, and Mr. Rust the contractor who has drilled sev- enteen of the most popular mineral wells at Saratoga Springs, asserts that the water discovered here is un- surpassed by any weU in Saratoga or elsewhere. Nowhei-e in the country is there a better opening for a combined summer hotel, sanitarium and bath house, and to some enterprising company or firm would be given the privilege of conducting the above named places, and the export sale of the mineral waters by the syndicate wh(5 own the wells, and who are among Ithaca's most representative and enterprising citizens. Mayor H, A. St. JOHN. See Autophone Co. Sketch. BANKING. Citizens of Ithaca refer to their banks with great pride and satisfaction, as it is through these institu- tions that local credit and enterprise are enhanced to the greatest degree. The banks are upon a sound practical basis. There are two national banks with a Capital of % 400,000 00 XJndivided profits 107,078 00 Surplus... 90,000 00 and a saving bank with Deposits amounting to % ^nn'mn nil Surplus 10J,OUU 00 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. A glance at the map of this State will fuUy illustrate the fact that Ithaca enjoys aU advantages (^tamed from a perfect system of railway service, affording her immediate and direct communication with a boundless area of country. The roads now centering here are, for the southern outlets, the D., L. & W., who operate the railway between Ithaca and Owego, where connections are made with the main hne of tliis road and the Erie Railroad, both east and west. The Cleneva, Ithaca & Sayre R. R., operated by the Lehigh \ aUey and connecting at Sayre with the main hne of this road. An outlet north is had by the G., I. & S. RESIDENCE OF J. 0. STOWELL. R. R. , connecting at Geneva with the Auburn branch of the N. Y. Central and at Lyons with the main line of the N. Y. Central. These lines have a lively com- petitor in the Elmira, Cortland & Northern, which connects at Elmira with the Erie and at Canastota with the West Shore and N. Y. Central Railroads for all points east, north, west or south. By Cayuga Lake the Erie Canal is also made accessible', being in- tersected at Cayuga, and a considerable portion of the heavier freight is carried over the Lake to this Canal. Thus it will be seen that there is ample competition J. C. STOWELL. See J. C. Stowell & Son Sketch. and suitable freight rates to all parts of this country can be obtained from and to Ithaca. 20 ITHACA, NEWYOEK. WATEE AND GAS. Au abundant supply of water is furnished by the Ithaca Water Works, a private corporation. Tlie water is drawn from Buttermilk Creek at a point two miles south, the stream being 315 feet above the busi- ness portion of the village. Three reservoirs of im- mense capacity are employed, one being located at the point on the stream mentioned, a second, for storage purposes, a half mile above, and the third on South Hill, which in connection with the first named is used for distributing purposes. From these two reservoirs the water enters iron mains and under a pressure of ninety pounds to the square inch is carried to all parts of the village. For fire purposes hydrants are located at convenient points, from which strong streams can be thrown over the highest building. Gas is supplied by the same corporation. The ex}3euses of the dei^artment for 1889 was $13,282.00 and for 1890 was $15,69.5.66. Nine carriers are retained by the office iu this city. The postmaster is Mr. Edmund E. Robinson and the assistant is Mr. J. E. Tompkins. PAEKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Ithaca abounds in beautiful parks, attractive and healthy breathing spots for the people. The largest of these is Washington, which covers six acres ; De- Witt, five acres ; Tompkins, two acres ; and several siualler parks and resting places, in the different parts of the city, add to the attractions of the residence sec- tion. The Cornell Free Library owes its existence to the unbounded generosity of that gi-and man, Hon. Ezra Cornell, and very appropriately bears his name. It contains over 16,000 volumes, which with a fewex- A PART OF THE CASCADILLA SCHOO POST OFFICE. The increase of the post-office business is an excel- lent criterion in forming an estimate of the general development of the city, inasmuch as all the statistics are from official source, and the showing made by this department of the general government is one in which every citizen can take an honest pride. The following IS a summarized statement of the Ithaca post-office for^the years 1889 and 1890 : Letters, postal cards, newspapers, etc., delivered 52.5, e83 1 23o'^354 a,^o..;„i .^1- , ^i. " " collected, 294803 '312'n94 Hpeoial delivery letters '^gg on Total number of pieces handled "goi ~^ i 700 ono Increase of 1890 over 1889. . " ' LTl"Zi Receipts for 1889 «.<,- in '^'^ Receipts for 1890. ^■ioMi 74 20,863 17 Increase of 1890 over 1889 . . . -,, „„, ,, $1, 1 il 43 L ATHLETIC FIELD, LOOKING WEST. ceptions circulate free within the limits of Tompkins county. The building was constructed at an expense ot s,o, 000.01) and contains. hbrary and reading rooms, line hall tor public exercises and was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on the evening of December 20th, 1866 and with the ground upon which it stands, presented to the village. Among the other notable public buildings are, the court house and jail, post 2!B,^^\,^,^:^"ig« bank, just erected at au expense of *(0 000 00; Wilgus opera house, which cost $()0,000.00; nigli school building, $75,000.00 and several others, i he cemetery, covering sixteen acres of the hill slope on the north side of the Cascadilla, with its natural advantages m the variety of its surface, its native growth of trees and commanding views, is an object ot admiration to visitors. Besides this, there are several other lieautiful resting places for the dead, located on the out-skirts of the city ITHACA, NEW YORK. 21 EDUCATIONAL A.DV"ANTAUES. Ithaca has reason to be proud of her school system and in point of detail the public schools of this city wiU bear favorable comparison with those of any other city of the same size in the country. The origin of the school system of this city may be said to date from the year 18,4, when the Legislature passed an act authorizing the establishment of a union school dis- trict, with a complete graded school system. We append the following table derived from official sources, Annual amount of Sehool Fund 135 qoo 00 Average daily atteudanoe, Increase of scholars over year before Number of school buildmgs Number of teachers Cost of school buildiuo's Cost of high school building (new.). . Salaries of teachers 1,400 35 « 118,000 00 75,000 00 21,000 00 Besides her public schools Ithaca is well provided with paroclnal and other and liigher educational insti- tutions, including the C'ascadilla School and Cornell University. Sketches of the latter t^vo appear on another page of this work. H. D. FREER. See Ithaca Hotel. FIEE DEPARTMENT. This department is conducted on the volunteer sys- tem and is composed of UO of the best citizens and business men of Ithaca, who take a just pride in thens, which is one of the best conducted fire departments m the State. The plant and equipment consists of : Engine houses „ „„^ Number of feet of hose ^'""" Number of engines P Number of ho.se reels Ij" Hook and ladder j,. Volunteers ^ i Salaried men „, Number water jjlugs ■ They are about to purchase 1,000 feet of new hose and wiU put in shortly sixteen Gamewell Fn-e System Alarm Boxes. BOARD OF TRADE. Intimately related to the government of Ithaca, and deeply interested and instrumental in the progress ot the city is the Board of Trade. This body is com- posed of over 10(1 citizens, leading business men, manufacturers, lawyers, in fact, men engaged in all pursuits of business life, having chiefly in view the SAVINGS BANK. New Building. well-fare of the city and the prosperity and happiness of her people. All matters of public concern are of iutei'est to this board, who at all times stand ready to furnish information to parties desiring to locate in Ithaca and every endeavor will be made to secure sat- isfactory locations and extend the right hand of fel- lowship to all who come within the city's gates. It was established in 18ST and its officers are Charles White, president ; Charles M. Titus, vice-president D. B. STEWART. See D. B. Stewart & Co. sketch. and D. F. VanVleet, secretary, who will at aU times be pleased to give any desired information concerning Ithaca. PLACES OF WORSHIP. We beheve we have shown that Ithaca is fully ITHACA, KEW YORK. abreast of the times, as regards her educational ad- vantages, and it now remains for us to show ni some measure tlie extent of rehgious feehng, as mdicatecl by the number of churches. There are hve Methodist; BAPTIST CHURCH. ©ne Catholic ; one Presbyterian ; two Baptists ; one Congregational ; three Episcopal and two Unitarians, all of whom have beautiful edifices ; the Baptists hav- ing just about finished a beautiful sti'ucture at a cost of $50,000.00. IN BEIEF. Ithaca has three express companies; the Adams, American and U.S. Ithaca has excellent telegraph and telephone facilities in the Western Union and N. Y.& Pa. long distance telephone companies. Ithaca has a $60, 000. 00 opei-a house, with a seating capacity of 1, GOO. Ithaca has two Masonic BlueLodges, with a membership of nearly 500, one Chapter; one Commandery ; one Coun- cil ; one lodge of Knights of Pythias, with nearly 170 members ; one Division of uniformed rank of K. P's. Odd Fellows, A. 0. U. W. ; Red Men ; and other secret organizations are here well represented. Ithaca has more beautiful scenery than any other city in this state. Ithaca has three first-class hotels. Ithaca has a fine system of electric street railway, gas and elec- tric light. The passenger traffic to and from Ithaca annually is, over the E., C. & N., 60,000 ; Lehigh Valley, 65,000; and D., L. & W., 35,000. A large source of revenue to Ithaca is the University and about $1,600,000.00 yearly, finds its way into the hands of the merchants, and business men in general. ITHACA AS A CITY OF RESIDENCE AND SUM- MER RESORT. As a residence city or a place to spend the heated term Ithaca presents a multitude of claims, which, when partially enumerated will prove both just and convincing. In the first place the climate of the region in which the city is situated is at once salubrious and invigorating. Her location in a mountainous region naturally suggests the existence of fresh, pure air, superinduced by dense forests and coniferous and de- ciduous trees, the presence of limestone in the moun- tains and the waters which spring from their recesses. Meteorological data from cai-efuUy compiled sources give the average mean temperature m tire summer to be not higher than 86° and the lowest in winter about i" The soil of the city is of gravel and limestone formation and eminently conducive to freedom from malarial exhalations so common in large communities. Cascades, cataracts and waterfalls most beautiful and romantic are found by the score Avithin ten miles of Ithaca There are three good hotels and innumerable boarding houses, Avhich afford unequaled facilities for tourists Copious rain-falls bring out on the sur- rounding hillsides spring vegetation, thereby affording to residents the luxuries of early fruits and vegetation. Dark gorges and beautiful glens, each with some peculiar feature of interest in connection with its sur- roundings, with many special characteristics, capti- vate the visitor by their magnificence and grandeur. For beautiful and awe-inspiring scenery, nature has been most lavish with her gifts and nowhere east of the Rocky Mountains can their equal be found. Hills which from a distance charm the eye with scenes of quiet beauty, verdant slope and sunny Avoodland which contain Avithin their bosoms, in form of glen and rock and waterfall, a wealth of wonders, surround Ithaca on the east, west and south. Elegant mansions, hand- some residences, well-kept lawns, beautiful viUas and cosy cottages, with pretty little parks, add much to the beauty of the east and south hiUs, while on the summit of East Hill, at a height of 650 feet above the city can be found the magnificent structures of Cor- nell University. The chief feature as a summer resort, however, is beautiful Lake Cayuga, which is a superb sheet of water thirty-eight miles long and from one to four miles wide, dotted with pretty islands and fined with virgin forests, in the clearings of which are found many lieautiful cottages. The water abounds MASONIC TEMPLE. with bass, perch and other gamey fish and are in such numbers that all are successful in taking them. Large steamers ply the lake at intervals, while elegantly con- ducted summer hotels are located on its banks. The pleasures of boat rides on its peaceful bosom are de lightful beyond description, while those who are lovers ot flowers will find m the pond lilies and other ^SSc vegetations a never ending source of pleasure/ PaH- sade-hke chfts, presenting peculiar Lid interest no- jointed formations of the rocks are found on ts shores The 'Queen of Lakes " a title it has ac. uSNs S beautifuUhan any other of the New York lakes and the admiring ti-aveler, dehghted by the beauty an awed by the sublimity of the landscape, reahzes that he has discovered one of the most favored haunts of nature, which Avith the deep ravines, tinv cascadp-^ and towering cliffs of the shores, addil to the flSo rowing and saihng of the lake itself, furnish inex- haustible means of pleasure. THE BEAUTY OF THE SUBUEBAN DISTEICTS. As the tourist approaches Ithaca via. the E & N.,a new vision of beauty greets the eye at every turn. ITHACA, NEW YOEK. 23 J. M, JAMIESON. See Jauiiesou & McKiniiey sketch. The surrounding country is pleasant and attractive. The drives are delightful, good roads leading in every direction through scenery rendered attractive by the hand of thrift and beautiful under nature's plastic moulding. Rich farming lands, beautiful waterfalls and gorges, neat and attractive homes, surround the city on every hand. What other city affords such admirable sites for permanent and summer homes as do the surrounding hill-tops and shores of Lake Cay- uga? Nature has been extremely lavish in this respect, and the mountains abound in perennial springs and are clad in groves of pine, oaks and maple, ready to contribute to the beauty of a rural home. Her social attractions are enough in themselves to attract and hold one seeking an elevated plane of intelhgence, while the beauty of the surrounding country, the lake, the drives and other luxuries will, in time, make it the summer home of many of the merchants and pro- fessional men of the cities, who are surfeited with the excitement and whirl of the large cities and look for- ward to some delicious retreat hke this. For those who seek health and recreation, a hfe of sunshine and of^S P ^r!'J ' H^^^" ^1™"' *^^^ poisonous atmosphere Strp.HnE S*"'^'^' f^'"."'S ^^^^ Ideated term the attiactions and opportumties of a home of refining influences, both m natural beauty and social surround^ EDWIN M. HALL. See Sketch, ings, no place, it may safely be said, can be found any- where on tills continent to surpass the city of Ithaca. ^^.■?^i^^Vi}'l!i!9fi^^-y'«'^''l-j:. ■<-!!Jt^^}4^rAHmii ' j-i^^^ ' ^M-i-^^i^^ S. H. LANEY. See Ithaca Paper Mills. ITHACA GORGE. "Within a radius of twelve miles from Ithaca, there are innumerable ravines, containing in all about one hundred and fifty cascades. The most accessible and 2i ITHAC 1, NEW YOEK. frequented of the glens, in and around Ithaca, is the Ithaca Gorge, which hes about three-fourths of a mile north-east of the centre of the city. By following out Aurora street to the north, we come to a neat little bridge, spanning Fall Creek, from where is caught the first ghmpse of the finest cascade of all, the "Ithaca Fall." It is a foaming cataract, 150 feet m height and just as broad, with chffs towering a hundred feet above on either side, the water circling round a dark eddy at its base, it winds in a tranquil, romantic course through the leafy groves of the plain, murmuringly continuing its journey to the lake. It is the second largest cataract in the State, nearly equaling in height the Niag- ara Falls, and surpasses in every respect the Trenton Falls and the cascadea of the Genesee. It is a tremen- dous scene, with its immense volume of water pour- ing over the jagged rocks in a snow-white and flowing veil and is indescribably beautiful. Just beyond the bridge there is a pretty little lodge guarding the en- trance to the Gorge, from which a more charming view of the falls can be obtained. Following the walk winding along the almost perpendicular hillside, the ascent of which is at first steep and tortuous, a short 'r ' / RESIDENCE OF C. D. STOWELL. See J. C. Stowell & Son. turn brings the visitor to a shady and delightful nook, appropriately named, "TheEest,"a f)lace to lie and dream the summer day away. This colossal basin is more than two hundred and fifty feet high and is made almost black by the shadows cast from the steeply sloping walls and from the cedars covering the face of the rocky wall across. The grandest feature of the view is the ' 'Ithaca Fall" itself, lying directly in front. No pen can adequately describe its beauties, no painter's brush or photographer's camera picture its charms, but must be seen with the naked eye to be fully appreciated, for it is indisputably the most beautiful of them all. Following the walk winding midway between the pool and summit around the semicircular walls, we come upon another terrace, from which a finer full view is obtained. From this place the path leads us around the amphitheatre, thickly shaded at all times, and through the trees we catch ghmpses of the water as it bounds down the ragged wall. Then ascending a rocky staircase of about twenty steps, we reach a plateau on a level with the falls, and are completely fascinated, while gazing down at the water as it takes the awful leap into the basin a hundred and fifty feet below. During the hewing out of these steps, a workman accidently fell down the precipice to the chasm below, yet with- out injury, thus, gaining for this place the name of M'GRAW-FISKE MANSION. ' 'Johnson's Tumble. " While still following this path, and ascending a long stairway cut in the sohd rocks, we stand on the brink of a precipice more than three hundred feet higher than the point from which we started, and a few feet further on we have another similar picture to the one we first saAV, or ' ' Forest Fall," only it is not so high or wide as the "Ithaca Fan." It is sixty feet, and is appropriately named from the densely wooded sides of the ravine. Passing through a thicket of pines, our path then, descends into the bowels of the gorge, and following this along the bed of the stream, the next bright scene is presented by the "Foaming Fall," thirty feet high, the steep banks of which are romantically lined with cedars and hemlocks. Next in turn we find the "Eocky Fall," where the water rushes along in a tumultuous torrent and pours down a distance of fifty-five feet into a third amphitheatre. Over the stream a Httle above CORNELL LIBRARY. the fall, a swinging foot-bridge is suspended on wires, from where the creek quietly winds its romantic way under the shade-beetling cUffs and leafy bowerf - from which it derives the name of "Sylvan Glen." Near- ITHACA, NEW YOEK. 25 ang the end of this glen, we take to the bed of the stream, with a high ledge of rock jutting out in front of us and enter the "cohseum," a perfect amphd theatre of immen se proportions and one of the most ITHACA FALLS. Used by courtesy of the Oascadilla School. See page 15. important features of the Gorge, and at last we stand gazing in amazement at that truly wonderful cascade, listening to the thundering and roar of "Triphammer Fall" until it becomes deafening. This fall gets its name from the heavy beating, as of a mighty pulse, clearly distinguishable in the midst of the mighty uproar. TAUGHANNOCK FALLS, of celebrity throughout Central New York, is upon the west shore of Cayuga Lake, nine miles from the City of Ithaca, the site of Cornell University. This region has long been noted for its magnificent scenery, the scenery of the Lake alone equalling Lake George, and the Gorge, four hundred feet deep with the rocks rising perpendicular that height, for a mile on either side. The Falls making a single leap of two hundred and fifteen feet, and breaking from the top into a "pendant, snowy veil," combined with the scenery of the upper and lower ravines, are said by hundreds who have visited Switzerland, to sm-pass anything they have ever seen. No words, however, can convey a just idea of the commingled beauty, grandeur and subhmity. The pencil has made the attempt, but has sadly failed to do it justice. It well repays a trip across the State. It makes a charming resort to heated and crowded city people, and Mr. H. D. Freer, of the Ithaca Hotel, has recently purchased the Taug- hannock House which he has reconstructed through- out, and it is now one of the most healthful and at- tractive summer homes to be found in the State. The table of the house is supphed from its own exclusive vegetable garden with the choicest of products. Taughannock Glen is beautifully wild and romantic, divided as it is by the Falls, during the ages past, into two distinct parts widely differing each from the other in scenic effects. To get a good view of the FaUs from Deiow you take a path ]3artly made in solid rock, partly an easy slope, to the bottom of the ravine, then by a winding patli through-a grove up to the overtower- mg wall of rocks. These rocks rise four hundred feet, where the water falls in a single leap 215 feet, break- ing into a beautiful silvery veil, on eitlier side. In height of rocks and wildness of scenery this glen far surpasses the well-known Watkius Glen. To gaze upward at tlie sky, from the depths of this Eaviue. is to awaken emotions foreign to the ordinary surround- ings and associations of mankind. To descend from the glare and heat of noonday, by gently circling and guarded pathways, to the awful stillness and cool of this ancient river bed is to effect a transition words cannot make understood. In all ways the contrast afforded by this resort with the ordinary life of monot- ony and routine is its chief charm. In the immediate neighborhood attention is directed to the "Upper Ravine" in which is situate the locally famous " Devil's Punch Bowl " ; the " Gun Factory of 1812 "; " The Spring of Undine " in the main ravine; the " Gothic Door " opening grandly on the right and the "Lady of the Mist " sitting meditatively near the foot of the matchless FaUs. ENFIELD GOEGE. A drive of between six and seven miles from Ithaca brings one to the head of this gorge and the beautiful vaUey from which the ravine opens .was evidently the bed of an ancient lake. A small chamber curiously hollowed out by nature, to resemble a huge, old-fash- ioned square fire-place, is a short distance within the defile in the cliff on the right. The most prominent feature of "Enfield Gorge" is "Lucifer Falls," which, when you behold, makes one shrink back in amaze- LUCIFER FALLS. Used by courtesy of the Cascadilla School. See page 15. ment, for you find yourself on the very brink of a mighty precipice over which the creek pours its waters to break in foam on jutting rocks, and finally to take a desperate plunge into a great basin 140 feet 26 ITHAC 1, KEW YORK. below. Directly facing the first leap of the falls, the path descends rapidly to the bottom of the ravine, where the stream can generally be crossed to the op- posite side and the most striking view of the entire fall is obtained. About 275 feet above, tree-crowned cliffs appear and the water climbs to meet the clouds in front. Cascades of every conceivable form and height, and deep narrow channels which sometimes conceal in their rumbling depths the fiercely running water, follow each other in such rapid and agreeable succession, that the spectator is at once lost in wonder and delight at its picturesque beauty. BUTTEEMILK GORGE. Which from the whiteness of its foaming waters is properly named "Buttermilk Falls." Its crest is 100 feet above the plain and the slope easy of ascent, measures 350 feet. Some distance back from the brink of this wonderful fall, the water is whipped mto spray down the ragged slope of a second cascade nmety feet high. Ragged cliffs tower upon each side and curve around a monstrous bowl. Directly in front, from a dismal cleft, the water comes trickhng down, a lace-hke fringe, draping the front of a semi- circular bulging rock which seems to choke the mouth of the cavernous defile. This is by many thought to resemble a pulpit and has been named "Pulpit Rock " One of the most weu'dly fantastic sports of the re- gion, IS a narrow flume-hke passage where the water has worn innumerable pot-holes and carved tracery on the dark walls. Nearly at the head of this natural tunnel is a fall of twenty feet and standing on the top of this, by looking up the stream, a beautiful series of six picturesque cascades, one above the other is seen splashing m the sun-Kght. A rare cascade of twenty- five feet blocks the way after a bend and the banks suddenly rise more than 100 feet. A tapering column of stone gray with hchens, and draped with graceful chnging vines and festooned about its base witli ferns towers just above the wall. This is known as ' 'Monu' ment Rock" and on the opposite side an incomplete ■ companion column rises a few yards. Several prettv cascades are above these pillars and a magnificent pic- ture of the lake and valley is had from the bridge which leads back to Ithaca and along the ridge of south hill. & "j- GLENWOOD Is reached by a four-mile sail on the lake or a drive of five miles over the hills from Ithaca and is a most delightful location for a summer residence. On either side the hills slope from the level of the lake to a height of about 160 feet. On its way to join the waters of the lake a brook runs through the "Glen " and at a distance of 300 feet progress is barred by a high precipice. Through a narr<5w opening in its face fifty feet below the top the water pours in a glassy sheet with a direct fall of about twenty feet, thence bounding down from rock to rock accomplishes the remaining distance of seventy feet by a series of pretty cascades. On the north side it flows over a rocky bed through a miniature gorge. The characteristics of this fall are similar to that of the first, but it is not so high, the water having a fall of only about seventy feet. A succession of rajoids and wooded dells make attractive the ramble and a more charming scene can- not be imagined. The drive is made attractive from Ithaca by charming bits of glen and lake scenery, with numerous little waterfalls. CASCADIXLA GLEN. Bursting from a wild deep glen on east liiU, the Cascadilla Creek ripples through the village between willow fringed banks, and the finest point of observa- tion is had from the bridge which spans the ravine, directly above the "Giant's Staircase," the most im- portant of the cascades, which derives its name from the massive step of rock over which the water tumbles forty-five fieet in a fiood of spray. As far as the eye can see above, are a series of pretty little cascades closely embosomed in rocky and arborescent banks. There are no large falls in this glen, but the bed of the stream is formed to a great extent of broad plates of CASCADILLA RAVINE. Used by courtesy of the Cascadilla School. See page 15. rock and the water merrily bounding from one ledge to another, makes an almost continuous series of minia- ri^ ,^^^£,^<^*3S and justify the poetic name of "Casca- aiiia. ihere are many more beautiful faUs, but - have given brief sketches of the principal ones onlv INDUSTRIES OF ITHACA. Ithaca Calendar Clock Co. The marked success attendant upon the career and operation of th?s con cern is of such pronounced and obvious charactei as to demand more than ordinary attention in mS^ are Saf o??150T.00 ;'"T,^^'rr*^^^ "^ ISGsMith a X-v buldinp'i^V^ The plant consists of a three stoiy buildmg 96x130 feet m size, thoroughly sun- phed with a full line of machinery and appliances aZ furnishes employment to thirty mei?^ They a^-e manufacturei^ of the celebrated Ithaca Calendar Clock which IS absolutely perfect, and indicates perpetually the hour of the day, the day of the week ind month the month of the j^ear aud is furnished with calen- dars printed in the English, French, German, Swedish Portuguese, Spanish and Itahan languages These clocks are made in six- ty different styles and are outfitted with any first class m o v e- ments. They make the clock to suit any special room, in any wood or design that may be desired. Every calendar is thorough- ly tested before being fitted in the case, by means of a special ma- chine invented for that purpose by which they are run through all the changes of eight years of time. None- are shipped until they have passed this test, and are proved in all I'espects accurate and reliable. Three traveling salesmen are employed and their clocks are sold in aU parts of the civilized world and have gained a reputation unequaled by any. It is the only perfectly rehable calendar clock manu- factured in the world and much skill and ingenuity have been expended in bringing it to its present state of perfection. It can be found in every reliable jobbing house and jewelry store, and the annual out- put is about 14,000 clocks. The concern also manu- facture many specialties in walnut, brass and iron, such as money drawers, advertising clocks and novel- ties. The officers of the concern are Messrs. F. C. Cornell, president ; C. H. White, treasurer ; J. H. Selkreg, secretary and Or. W. Miller, manager, all gentlemen who are known for their business qualifi- cations and their establishment is both an honor to themselves and a credit to the city. Frank E. Howe, Nos. 9, 11 and 13 N. Tioga street. Dr. Howe has been identified with this important pro- fession in Ithaca for the past fifteen years and in 1886 first called the attention of the public to his method of filling teeth without pain, of which he makes a specialty. Many thousand fillings have been inserted by the use of his preparation, while hundreds of patients from distant cities have availed themselves of £n of f ' liave expressed their surprise and gratifica- tion at the comfort with which a usually painful oper- ation is performed. Dentistry in all its branched is attended to and his offices are finely fitted up and aU that skill and pauistakiiig can do in the dental art, assisted by the best modern apphances, is at the com- mand of his patrons, who are assured that they can icnow exactly what results are to be expected from each operation. Gray & Patterson, No. 7 E. State street, Post Office -Building. In providing for the insuring classes of Ithaca both fire and life, the most perfect facilities and advantages for insuring are enjoyed by the above nun which has earned geneial recognition and gener- ous patronage. The firm is the out-come of the two oldest insur- ance agencies of this city, that of Geo. L. Gray & Co. and E. E. Post & Son. The lat- ter business was pur- chased by Mr. L. E. Patterson in 1889, when he consolidated with Geo. L. Gray, and the present firm name was adopted. They represent eighteen Fire Insurance companies, all well-known for their soHdity and sub- stantial worth and with combined assets of over $200, 000, 000. 00. They also represent first-class Accident, Boiler, Plate-glass and Cyclone Insurance companies. In Life Insurance they are agents for the "New York Life" and last year did a very large business in this portion of the State for that company, in this department, Mr. Mausfield, a widely known Life Insurance man is interested. We believe, that there is not, to-day, a single country agency in the State that can equal this one. They also transact a general Real Estate business, buy and sell and look after the estates of non-residents, and their facilities and advantages for doing a general Insur- ance and Eeal Estate business are excelled by none. White. & Burdick, Opposite Post Office. There are few lines of business better represented in Ithaca than the drug trade. Among the largest stores of this des- cription, is that of Messrs. C. H. White and D. W. Burdick, who established their enterprise about twenty-three years ago. Their store is 25x100 feet, with basement, which is lavishly stocked with the very best and strictly pure Drugs, Chemicals, Proprietary Medicines, an elegant hue of Toilet Articles and Perfumeries, Cigars, etc. Special atten- tion is paid to Prescriptions, none but competent clerks handling such. They also deal extensively in aU kinds of Paints, Varnishes, Oils, Glass; and besides 28 ITHACA, NEW YOEK. their extensive retail trade, they also enjoy a lucrative wholesale business. Two clerks find employment heie, and both Mr. White and Burdick are expert pharma- cists, and by their gentlemanly demeanor make tneu store a pleasant resort for all who enter. Ithaca Gun Company. An industry that has done much to make the name of Ithaca known throughout the world is the manufacture of the Ithaca (run, an article now acknowledged to be indispensable to every sportsman. This gun contains all the standard points called for in a gun of first quahty, such as tlie stop- lever action, rebounding lock, low hammer and patent compensating fore-end. The simphcity of construc- tion is a feature that will be appreciated by every present firm assuming charge six years ago. The works consist of the machine and assembling shops two stories high 36 x 125 feet, with an L 24x30 feet ; nohshiuR- shops 24 x 30 feet and one-story high ; forge shop and case-hardening room 20 x 36 feet, one-story soldering and brazing room 18 x 20 feet and several other structures, aU of brick. The entire plant is equipped with the most improved tools, and the machinery, most of which is of a special character, has been made on the premises. Nothing but the best skilled labor is employed and neither time nor expense is spared in the manufacturing department of the busi- ness, in which are employed seventy men. The pro- prietors are Dwight Mclntire, L. H. Smith and George Livermore, aU of whom enjoy an exceUent reputation sportsman, while the style .and finish of the Ithaca gun is equal to the Parker, Colt, Peifer or any other first-class gun, in fact it is the simplest and best gun manufactured in the world. One of the many im- provements in the manipulation of the Ithaca Ham- merless Gun is the attachment of their cocking device, which enables them to put on and remove barrels at aU times, same as Haminerless Gun, without reference to the gun being cocked or not, thus avoiding the necessity of the continued tension on the mainspring when the gun is not in use, or oblige one to cock it before replacing the barrels. An examination of the gun will convince the sportsman that it has many im- provements and advantages not possessed by any other hammerless gun and that it is the best gun for the money. They are manufacturers of Fine Breech- Loading Guns, Hammer and Hammerless Double- Barrel Shot Guns, and make a specialty of close, hard shooting guns, all of which are fully warranted. The business was first established eight years ago, the in all their deahngs among a large circle of business acquaintances. First National Bank. Few banking houses in the country can show a record of greater prosperity than the above, which was organized under the national banking laws, in 1804. The capital stock of the bank is $250,000.00 with a surplus of $50,000.00 and a general banking business in all its branches is transacted. The First National is thoroughly equipped for the prosecution of its business and the accounts of corporations, firms and individuals will receive prompt and careful attention. The directory is made up of the most prominent and experienced business men of this section and its officers are Messrs. Douglass Boardman, president, John _ C. Stowell, vice-president, and Henry B. Lord, cashier, all of whom extend financial aid when needed and are among the greatest factors in development of the resources of Ithaca. ITHACA, KEW YOKK. 29 A. H Platts & Co., No. 10 and 12 East State street In no Ime of business is a gratiflyiug condition of trade more noticeable than in that relating; to cio-ar manufacture, and to no house can it be more justly applied than to that of the above. The factory com- prises four floors, two of which are 20xS0 feet and two floors 60x80 feet in size, where forty skilled cigar makers are stead- ily employed. The total product for last year reached the handsome ag- gregate of l,.oOO,- UOO cigars. They are the manufac- turers of that fa- mous and cele- brated ten cent cigar, the " Ulti- matum, " which is a hand-made cigar with Ha- vana fiUer, Suma- tra wrapper, the superior of which has never been discovered, and is considered b y connoisseurs, an _^__________ ®^^y smoker of ^ri^=c;--^i^^^^^^l^^^5^mellow taste and " -- '^ - = ------ -X fine flavor. Noth- ing but the very best stock is used in the make-up of this cigar, and last year the firm manufactured 1,000,000 of " Ultimatums." They are about to present to the public, the "Our Record" five cent cigar, which will, undoubtedly, in a short time become a prime favorite with smokers. The trade of the house extends to all parts of the country and three traveling men are em- ployed. The foundation of this vast enterprise was laid in 1863. Mr. A. H. Platts being with the house for the past twenty years as a partner. The present firm was estabhshed two years ago and consists of A. H. Platts, J. B. Delano, P. Crise and A. L. Niver, all of whom are weU known and respected in this community. L. S. Wortman, No. 16 N. Aurora street. One of the most important and admirable features of this city's business institutions, is her Meat Markets. Principal among such estabhshments is that of the above gentleman, who in 1886 succeeded to a business estabhshed by his father many years ago. The prem- ises occupied are large and spacious, equipped with large refrigerators for the preservation of the immense stock of Fresh and Salt Meats of- all kinds, which can at aU times be found here. Hams, Shoulders, Bacon and Bologna; Head-cheese and Sausages m their season form specialties which have a wide reputation with connoisseurs. An extensive wholesale trade is enjoyed and Mr. Wortman does a large shipping business to eastern cities. His slaughter house is located on thp out-skirts of the city, and the Sausage Factory is m the rear of the store, both places being thoroughly equipped with the necessarv apphances. About five head of cattle and from ten to twenty lambs, sheep and calves are killed weekly and four men are employed. As a meat emporium, Mr. Wortman's place has won a reputation that ranks it at the head of quite a respectable list of competitors. A. E. Chipman, No. 10 E. State street. One of the most progressive business houses in this city is that of the above gentleman, who has been in business here since 18S8. His store-room is 20x100 feet and here can be found all the latest styles and novelties of Parlor and Chamber Furniture, Upholstery Goods, Tapestries, Lace Curtains, Baby Carriages and every- thing that is new, novel and desirable in this hue. He also occupies a three-story ware-house, iOxlOO feet in size, for storing surplus stock and doing all kinds of Upholstering Work and Eepairing, which is promptly attended to and neatly executed. He employs six people and one wagou, and his trade is very extensive throughout the city and surrounding country. J. C. Stowell & Son, Nos. 17, 19 and 21 W. State street. The wholesale grocery trade in this city has a worthy representative in the above firm. The house was established twenty-one years ago, since which time it has year by year grown and extended until it has attained its present large loroportions. The prem- ises occupied are one building four stories high with basement and one three story building with basement, each floor 60x115 feet in dimensions, thoroughly equipp- ed for the rapid conduct of the business, with steam ele- vator and other conveniences. A strictly wholesale business is done in Groceries and produce of all kinds, including PiUsbury's XXXX Flour, Sugars, Coffees, Spices, Fancy and Shelf Goods, Tobaccos and Cigars, Flavoring Extracts, Wooden-ware, Dried and Green Fruits, and in short everything required by the trade, all of the best grades and quality. One of their specialties is provisions of all kinds, such as Hams, Butter, Cheese, Lard, Dried Meats, Fish, etc., having for the preservation of these goods a cold-storage ware- house in the rear of tlie store which is three stories high and 30 x 40 feet in size. In the different depart- ments twelve men and two teams find employment, while two traveling men look after the trade of the house which is extensive throughout Southern New York and Northern Pennsylvania. Large shipments of Butter, Cheese, Lard, etc., are made tln-oughout the Eastern States and as far south as Washing-ton, D. C. The firm is composed of Messrs. J. C. StoweU, who has been in business here since 1835, and his son, HMffiiipii* C D. Stowell, one of Ithaca's enterprising young busi- ness men, and their house is in every way worthy of the success it has attained and the respect in which it is held by the entire community. 30 ITHACA, NEW YORK. Fall Creek Mills. One of the industries upon which Ithaca may justifiahly pride herself is the manufacture of a superior grade of flour, and the largest establishment of the kind is that of Mr. A. M. HuU, who tliirty years ago, succeeded to the business which was established about forty years ago. The miU is a large three story structure 40x100 feet in size,. with an L two stories high and 30x40 feet in size, used for storage purposes. Its motive power is furnished by two water wheels, one of eighty-eight and one of sixty horse power, and is provided with an OdeU system full roUer process, twenty rollers in all, giving a capacity of 200 bbls. per day, and employment to eight men. Nothing but the very best grades of flour are manufactured and their specialties are "Superlative," whicli is made of mixed spring and winter wheat ' ' Minnesota Hard Spring, " made entirely of Minnesota wheat, and "Bonney" of winter wlieat. The above are aU patent. For family use their brands are "Fall Creek," Standard, "Golden Harvest" and "A^ienna," and judging from the immense demands made on the firm for their products, these brands certainly have no superior. Grain is bought for cash, and all kinds of feed and meal is ground to order. One travel- ing man looks after the trade of the house, which is very extensive in this city and within a radius of 100 miles. Mr. HuU, a gentleman of affable and pleasant manners, gives his personal attention to the mill. Fred Atwater, Nos. 34 and 36 North Aurora street. Ithaca is to be congratulated on numbering such houses as the above among lier merchants. The busi- ness dates its origin to 1SS6 and Mr. Atwater carries on two distinct enterprises, that of a first-class retail grocery and a bakery. In the bakery there are em- ployed four men, and Bread, Cakes, Pies, Buns, EoUs, etc. , form the specialties of this department, while in the grocery a fuU stock of staple and fancy goods, produce and fruits of all kinds, in fact everything usually found in a first-class house of this kind. Five people are employed in the store, which is 32x60 feet in size, and another room 16x60 feet, is used for stor- age purposes. Mr. Atwater is looked upon as one of the staunch and rehable merchants of Ithaca. The Clinton House, corner Cayuga and Seneca streets. The above house is the oldest hotel in the city, having been conducted as a hotel since 1830. It is a massive four-story brick structure, well arranged and adapted for the purpose and numbers seventy-five large and weU-ventilated rooms, comfortably furnished throughout. Guests of the house enjoy all the com- forts of a first-class hotel and receive a care and atten- tion that cannot fail to make the stay of any one a pleasure. It also contains roomy halls, handsome parlors and a spacious office, which is connected with Reading, Writing and Bar-rooms. In fact, every department of the house is kept first-class in all respects. The dining room will seat 100 guests and the table is a special feature, provided with all the delicacies and luxuries in season. The house is heated by steam, has electric call bells, hot and cold water and employment is furnished to twenty poKte assistants. The proprietors, Messrs. C. H. Wilcox, B. F. Slocuni and C. A. Bush are experienced hotel men Avhose courteous manners and social quahties have gained for them a host of friends throughout this section. Uri Clark, State street. Among the large num- ber of elegantly fitted store-rooms on the main thoroughfare of this city, is that of Mr. Uri Clark, who is one of Ithaca's pioneer business men, having been in business here for the past thirty years. In his store-room which is 22x70 feet in size, he employs two clerks, and his stock is one of the largest and finest in the city, comprising everything in the way of fin e Jewelry, Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Bric-a- brac, etc. His stock is always large and complete and a specialty is made of Guns, Fishing Tackle, Ammunition, Sporting Goods, etc. Mr. Clark is a practical watch-maker and offers special inducements to purchasers. Godfrey & Gilbert, No. 31 South Cayuga street. We take pleasure in mentioning in this review the machine shop which was founded in 1SS9 by Messrs. E. 0. Godfre)^ and R. Gilbert. Their premises consist of a two story building 32x115 feet in size, which is equipped in a splendid manner for tlie extensive busi- ness they carry on. They employ seven men and are themselves, among the most experienced and skillful machinists in this State. They are large manufac- turers of Horse Hoes and Cultivators of their own patterns, which have a large sale on account of their durability and usefulness. Shaftings, PuUeys, Hangers, Plows, Scrapers, Stove Repairs, Boat Cast- ings, Feed Bunks and Hay Racks, and a specialty is made of repairing machinery of all kinds and manu- facturing to order aU kinds of special castings and machinery, all of which are made up promptly to order. This is one of the live and progressive manu- facturing estabhshments of the city. Mr. Godfrey was with Treman Bros., for over twenty years and is a practical man in all branches of machine work, while Mr. Gilbert was for eight years foreman of the foundry with the same firm. ITHACA, NEW YORK. 31 Andrews & Slocum, No. 17 E. State street A review of Ithaca would be anything but complete unless it contained some mention of the above house' The premises consist of one floor and basement 20xs6 feet in size, and in their stock can be found every- thing and any- thing pertaining to staple and fan- cy groceries, can- ned goods, etc. I They are also ex- ', tensive bakers and supply a large trade with their famous "New England" Bread, Cakes, Buns, EoUs and a f uU line of Con- fections. A spec- ialty is made of catering for ban- quets, weddings, parties, etc., and they are regard- ed as the caterers of the city. Five clerks in filestore and two men in the bake-shop are employed. The business was es- tablished as far back as 1883 and tn« [jresent liriu wliicii is composed of Messrs. I. C. Andrews and C. H. Slocum took charge in 18i»l, and they conduct their business on principles that are never failing of success. They make a specialty of Ice Cream and Ices of all flavors put up in shapes- delivered to customers. Outside orders given prompt attention. A. B. Dale, Office, First Door Next of Post Office. Of all arts, architecture may be ranked as the most useful to man, while the others are only decorations, and no edifice should be built without being passed upon bv a competent architect. One t)f the leading firms eui^aged in this line of industry m Ithaca is that of Mr. A. B. Dale, at the above location, where he can be consulted at all times. He is an architect of twenty-nine years experience, and a practical man m his profession— nature having endowed him with a taste for this profession, he has made it a favorite study, and is prepared at all times to furnish plans for all kinds (^f public and private buildings. It would he impossible in a work of this character to enumerate even a respectable portion of the many structures erected through the enterprise of Mr A. B. Dale, but we may mention the Ithaca House, Masonic Wilgus Sprague and Gregg Blocks, Journa^ Building and Wm. Esty, Mrs. Sprague, Wm. Bostwick J. -b. Whiting, Wm. Andrews and Judge Boardman s residences, and a score or more of others. E .. S. Sisson, No. 58 E. State street. The weU dressed portion of this community is in a decided majority and owe the styhsh and well made appeal^ ance of their garments to such merchant tailoiing houses as that of Mr. Sisson, who two years ago succeeded H. K. Jones, and ranks with the best in this section. His parlors are well appointed and nicely stocked with a choice selection of Foreign and Domestic Woolens, Cassimeres, Cheviots, etc., of the latest styles and patterns. Ten people are employed and one expert cutter, who are at all times uncler liis personal supervision. He guarantees elegant styles, perfect fit and his trade is continually increasing, owing to his affable and pohte manners. D. B. Stewart & Co., Nos. 15, 17 and 19 South Tioga St. The wholesale grocery trade of Ithaca is one of its leading business interests, and the house of D. B. Stewart & Co., is the most prominent represen- tative of that interest. This well known house is cer- tainly a pioneer, having been established in 1871 by Winton, DeLano & Co., who after several changes were succeeded by the present firm two years ago. The building occupied for business purposes is a large and commodious structure two stories high, with basement, 80x80 feet in dimensions. A tour of in- ; spection was made through the different departments t by the writer, and we can safely assert that a better arranged or more complete stock of Groceries and Provisions cannot be found in this state. A strictly wholesale business is done and a full line of every- thing pertaining to the wholesale grocery trade can be found here, all of the best grades and sold at lowest market quotations. A specialty is made of the finest brands of Teas and Coffees. They are extensive coffee roasters and their special brand "Zalacca" has no superior in purity and strength, and is unequaled in quality. They are also extensive manufacturers of cigars, among them the famous "Nabob" 5-cent cigar, wliich has been made by Mr. Stewart for the past 20 years, and stands in high repute among all consumers as an excellent and first class weed in every respect. The "Fultorn" another excehent 5-ceut cigar; and the celebrated "Journal" 10-ceiit cigar, which is made of Havana fiUer and Sumatra wrapper, and is considered by experts to be the finest smoke in the market to-day, having that fine flavor and mellow taste peculiar to fine cigars. In the cigar department ten men are em- ployed, in the store nine men and two teams, while five travehng men look after the interests of the firm on the road. The individual members of the firm are Messrs D. B. Stewart, E. C. Stewart, H. M. Lovell and B F Tompkins, all of whom are "natives to the manor born" and gentlemen who have no superiors, commercially or sociaUy, in this community. 32 ITHACA, KEW YOKK. Ithaca Hotel. The residents of this city have every reason to be proud of the palatial Hotel "Ithaca," which opened its doors to the public in 1872. The building is a four story brick structure 160x14:0 feet in *np' size. The rooms are large, airy and well arranged, and the hotel can provide accommodations for 200 guests. The dining room which is a marvel of beauty, will seat 175 guests, and is in charge of com- 23etent and skillful stewards. The cuisine is unexcelled and all the delicacies that the market affords are to be found on the table. There are spacious parlors, read- ing, reception, billiard and sample rooms, and all other appurtenances to be found in the larger cities. The house has 120 comfortably furnished sleeping apartments which are in communication with the offices on the ground floor by electricity. A specialty is made of furnishing banquets, dinners, etc. , to large parties. Mr. H. D. Freer who has had charge of the house for the last five years, is one. of the most ex- perienced hotel men in the country and has hosts of warm friends among the commercial tourists. R. A. Heggie & Brc, No. 40 E. State street. The foundation of the above concern was laid as far back as 1876, and it is to-day one of the leading establish- ments of the kind in the " Forest City." The firm is most eligibly located in commodious quarters, 22x100 feet in size, and their stock in trade consists of Jewelry of all kinds, except the shoddy articles ; their assortment of Diamonds and precious stones being large and varied. Gold and Silver Watches, Silver Ware, Fine Silk Umbrellas and Optical Goods, both of foreign and domestic manufacture. The firm are also manufacturing jewelers, the factory being located in the rear of the store, ajid make a specialty of College Badges and Medals, Charms, etc., of the better grade only. They also give special attention to Fine Watch and Jewelry Repairing and employ two com- petent assistants. Messrs. R. A. and W. C. Heggie are both practical watchmakers and jewelers, and have succeeded in advancing tlieir business interests to a full and high degree of prosperity. George Griffin, No. 9 N. Tioga street. In general appearance, and for the needs of the business it can be truthfully said that the salesroom of Mr. George Griffin is without doubt the finest and best of the kind m this entire section, not even excepting the palatial stores of Rochester and Buffalo. It is a large, well arranged store, 35x85 feet in dimension, and, as re- gards hght and ventilation, is absolutely perfect. In it is displayed a most carefully selected stock of foreign and domestic goods of the most stylish patterns and colors, which, in the hands of artistic cutters and skilled journeymen, are made up into elegant and perfect fitting garments, the house basing its reputation upon the stylish appearance of its patrons. Part of the third floor is used for manufac- turing purposes, and twenty-five hands and two skilled cutters are employed. The business has been estabhshed for the past nine years and Mr. Griffin's house is certainly the foremost in its fine in this section. Reynolds & Lang, Nos. 17 and 19 Green street. In the department of iron works, Ithaca has the best facihties for manufacturing, which are not surpassed by any rival, and the company whose card heads this brief sketch is, without doubt, the largest and most extensive of its kind in this section. The ground occupied by them is 66x160 feet in size, on wliich is erected a three story machine shop 4:0x60 feet, one story foundry 40x50 feet, three story pattern shop 24x30 feet, one story boiler shop 4:0x60 feet, and several other buildings which are thoroughly equipped with aU the necessary machinery, tools and appliances and where from twenty-five to thirty skilled mechanics are engaged in the manufacture of " Daisy Queen " engine with steel boiler and which is especially designed to meet the steady increasing demand for an engine and boiler simple in construc- tion, of a few parts, durable, easily managed, and economical in the use of fuel. The ' ' Forest City " traction engine, which is the lightest, simplest, most economical, powerful and effective traction engine built in the world. In fact it numbers all the advan- tages of a perfect machine which can hardly be said of any other in -the market, and which has given it a decided preference with the intelligent farming community. Engines, Boilers, Saw Mills, Land Rollers, Plows, Hoi'se-hoes and Cultivators of their own patterns which have a wide reputation for their durability and labor-saving powers. Post Malls, Lock- shoes, Sash- weights, etc.^ and general jobbing and repairing of all kinds is made a specialty. They are also extensive dealers in Rubber and Leather Belting, Hose, Packing, Iron-pipe, Steam Fitting and Engine Supphes. The trade of the. concern extends all over this State, Pennsylvania and adjoining states. This enterprise was started in 1860 by J. S. Reynolds, and ni 1864: Mr. J. B. Lang went in, who thoroughly understands all details of their business, being them- selves practical mechanics, and who have done nmch m advancmg the interests of this city. rrHACA, NEW YORK. 33 D H Wanzer, No 3 N. Aurora street and 90 E. State street. Mr. D H. Wanzer, whose name heads this sketch, is no stranger to the people of Ithaca having done business among them for no less than ^ '3 North Aurora St rRONT=- ' -;90 £ State St FROHT.V Q . twenty-fiTe years. He occupies a fine stand at the above number, including one floor and basement 25x70 feet with an L 22x40 feet in size, at number 90 East State street, employs six assistants, and keeps busy two delivery wagons. He handles choice family groceries of every description, and his extensive trade attests the fine quahty of his goods. He keeps in stock everything the house-keeper needs, including aU the leading brands of Flour, Teas, Coffees, Bread and Cakes, Fruits, Vegetables, etc., and all his goods are warranted as represented, or your money is refunded. Mr. Wanzer also makes a specialty of fine Butter and through his long practical experience in the business, possesses a thorough knowledge and appreciation of every detail of it. Fred W. Brooks, No. 54 E. State street. Altogether, this estabhshment is a model of taste and richness in design that speaks volumes for the artistic and executive ability of the proprietor. The stock is the finest, largest and most complete assortment of Diamonds, Gold Watches and Fine Jewelry, Imported and- Decorated China Ware, Eich Cut Glass Ware Ornaments, Bronzes, Lamps, Fine UmbreUas and Canes to be found in Western New York. The show windows are marvels in their way, and display then- contents, spread out in glittering array. The store- room is 22xY9 feet, and employment is given to three clerks. Buritt & Brooks organized this business m 1865 and conducted it until 1875 when Mr. Buritt retired and Mr. Brooks became sole proprietor. Me is a practical watch-maker and jeweler of many years experience and that he has made a grand and growing success of his venture, there in no room for question. F. B. Atwater, No. 65 E. State street. .One of the popular tailoring estabhshments of this city, is that or the above gentleman, who established his enterprise here in March, 1889. He carries the largest and finest selection of imported and domestic Woolens, Cassimeres, etc., unique in pattern and artistic in design which are kept replenished from time to time with fresh and most stylish suitings. The most care- ful and particular attention is given to making up these goods in suits and a perfect fit and satisfaction IS guaranteed m all cases. About fourteen hands are employed, all of whom are well skilled and experienced in their trade, and part of the tliird floor is utiUzed for manufacturing purposes. An artistic cutter is retained and Mr. Atwater is a business man of abiUty and intelligence, to which the success of his enter- prise is in a large measure due. Geo. W. Melotte, M. D. S., Wilgus Block. The above gentleman estabhshed himself here twenty- four years ago and occupies handsome and commo- dious offices in the Wilgus Block, comi^letely equipped with aU the modern improvements designed for the preservation of natural teeth, and his practice is wide and extensive. Every possible attention is given to the care of patients and dentistry in aU its difficult features and phases is performed, making a specialty of the insertion of teeth, without plates, by the " gold crown" and " bridging " process. Dr. Melotte is the inventor of several dental appliances, and is too wefl known in this community to need any further comment at our hands. M. W. ftuick. No. 5 and 7 State street. Among the many prosperous and enterprising houses of Ithaca, that of the above gentleman can justly lay claim to a position in the front ranks. The business was estabhshed in 1835 by J. L. Whitten, Mr. Quick assuming control July last, since which time it has been an unqualified success. He occupies one four story building, 25x70 feet with basement, and a three story building 25x100 feet, which is used for the bake- shop and shipping room. A general line of Crackers, Cakes, Candies and Confections are manufactured, with a specialty of his celebrated brand of ' ' New Process " Bread, which has the largest sale in this city. From ten to twelve barrels of flour are utilized per day and from seventeen to twenty people find employment. A large trade is transacted within a radius of thirty miles owing to the superiority of these goods Mr M. W. Quick gives his personal attention to the different departments and his standing in this community is particularly high. 34 ITHACA, KEW YORK. Jamieson & McKinney, No. 9 S. Cayuga street. In ^rriting descriptive sketches of the various enterprises carried on in this busy hive of industry, the firm under notice should by no means be omitted from the J^^^fSJiHa^f -"S-t^ i-^.-ffis*- pages of this volume. In 1ST3 Mr. John M. Jamieson, inaugurated the business and in 1874 admitted to partnership Jas. A. McKinney, who had been with him from the start, and they have built up as fine and growing a trade as any similar house in western New York. A great deal of outside work is done by them in western and southern New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and New Jersey. Their premises comprise one floor and basement, 25x100 feet in size, and two floors in the rear 20x30 feet each. Their works are thoroughly equipped with all the essential tools and macliinery and a number of skilled mechanics find employment in the prosecution of their extensive business. All kinds of Plumbing, Gas Fit- ting, Steam and Hot Water Heating is done with promptness and despatch, and the firm are wholesale and retail dealers in Pipe, Fittings, Radiators. Valves, Boilers, Bath-tubs, Rubber Hose, Gas Fixtures and all goods generally found in a first-class house of this kind. Furnaces, Steam and Hot Water Heaters of an infinite variety are also handled. Messrs. Jamieson & McKinney are both practical engineers and plumbers and are thoroughly able to compete with other houses and furnish plans and estimates free. The Bool Co., First Co-operative company. Occupy- ing a magnificent four story structure with a frontage of sixty -five feet and a depth of 162 feet and of a most handsome appearance, with its elegant plate glass windows, displaying all that is elegant in design and costly in material of Upholstery and Furniture wares. The house of The Bool Co., at all times com- mands the attention of the stranger in Ithaca. The fourth floor and basement is used for storage of sur- plus stock. The first and third floors are used to dis- play a stock of furniture and unique articles of home comfort and adornment, such as Easy Chairs, Sixteenth Century Wares, Divans, Secretaries, Desks, Baby Carriages, Etchings, Paintings and Picture Frames. The second floor is devoted to everything new, tasteful useful in Carpets, Draperies, Mattings, Antique Rugs, etc., and a new, rich and varied stock of Wafl Papers j and Decorations. All of these goods can be found here in infinite variety, quantity, quality, style and price. They also occupy a three story structure with basement 30x160 feet in size, for the manufacture of Furniture and Upholstery Ware, Picture Frames, and make a specialty of Flat Top Desks, which are neat in appearance, handsome in finish and durable, and all kinds of Upjiolstering and Repairing is neatly executed. The foundation of this vast enterprise was laid by Henry Bool in 1872, who conducted it with marked success until 1890, when it was incorporated with a capital stock of $30,00(».00 on the co-operative plan. Thirty men are employed, all of wliom are stock- holders in the concern, which is officered by Henry Bool, president ; P. A. Campbell, vice-president ; E. N. Corbin, secretary and treasurer, who with E. C. Cor- bin and C. L. Wagner also constitute the directory. So attractive and inviting is their store that it enjoys not only most of the trade of discriminating people here- abouts,br.t has vast numbers of regular and transient customers from adjacent states. The officers are gentlemen of pronounced business ability, and of courteous manners, making them immense favorites with their many friends and patrons. Bush & Dean, No. 53 E. State street. The extensive estabhshment of this firm deserves considerable men- tion in these pages. It is the most spacious and elegant Dry Goods emporium of Ithaca, their store room being the largest on State street, having a frontage of twenty feet and a depth of 120 feet. It is heated by steam, has a cash railway system and many other improvements which facilitate the I'apid con- duct of the business. Eight polite and atten- tive clerks are employed in the different clepart-;', ments and the basement, is utilized for storing||| purposes. Their trade is'il unsurpassed by any sim-'j | ilar house in the city and'j is made up of the besti, and most fashionable i people of the communi-'' ty. Everything in thei| way of foreign and do-n mestic Dry Goods, Ladies" and Gents Furnishing' Goods, etc., of the very" best grades, makes ancl'' styles can be found herel] in endless variety. The;; specialty of the house, i| however, is Ladies amllj Misses' Wraps an.'' ^^'i^^^ the past five years is Mr. C. S. Hall a"horSn Ihi" ''' l^".s"iess for acquainted with all the details orthebuZesi^ ^ ''*'°^^ "'^"' Eagles, Photographer, No. 11 S Tioea sfi'PPf ivr,. Eagles has the largest and best appointed studio in nt ^^ ; makes a specialty of architeetur/d' and tncSpe hoto^^phv' The best artists only are engaged in his gallerf ; tl rprSnHeto; hauself ranknig among the highest in the" and ^ n hiiski U and taste IS recognized all over the world. Mr. Eagles est^ she himself ui business here in 1875, and also deals extensively in al kmds of photographers supplies. All visitors are greeted wit cordial welcome and a pleasant hour can be spent hi a tour of inspection through the ditferent department^ of this palace of wonderful skill and art. paiaoe oi G. W Melotte & Co., Wilgus Block. lu this article It IS our desire to call the attention of jewelers, dentists and metal r'^W^'MilnH""" ^oldering apparatus invented and patented by Gr. W. Melotte. 'Ihese appliances meet a long-felt want and arl uuproyements of great value, being already in use by hundreds of dentists and .lewelers all over the Unioii. Thev are t e Tin proved (rlass Blow-Pipe, Blow-Pipe Pad and Soldering Clamps" rhese goods find a ready market throughout the coUntrv and the demand lor them is coiistantlv increasing owin"' to the superior advantages possessed by them. Mr. Melotte has asso- ciated with him m this business Mr. W. II. Smith, liut the nrae- tical manageuieut and supervision of its affairs devolve upon Mr. Melotte, who gives every detail of it his personal attention. Andrus & Church, No. -11 E. State Street. The foun- dation of this business was laid as far back as 183i by the father of Wilham Andrus and after a number of changes the present firm, Avhich is composed of William Andrus and William -V Church succeeded to it in 1879. Their storeroom is 2.5 x .so feet iii dimensions and is filled with a large stock of miscellaneous School and Blank Books, Standard Works, Stationerv and Sportino- Goods generally. Three polite clerks are in attendance. They also conduct a well-equipped printing office and book bindery in the rear. Three presses and nine men are employed in the print- ing office and six persons in the bindery. All the college papers and periodicals are issued here. H. V. Bostwick, Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Chnton street. A review of the leading establishments of Ithaca would certainly be incomplete without pcirticular mention being made of this most important industry. The business was founded by Mr. Bostwick, who is a thoroughly practical and experienced man in this line, in 1800. The ijremises occupied comijrise a three story building 40x80 feet and an engine room 13x24 feet, and well adapted to the successful transaction of his rapidly increasing business. The works are fitted throughout with the best and most improved machinery, and a large force of skilled mechanics are employed in the manufacture of Flour, Fruit and Pork Bar- rels of ail sizes, also Pear Kegs, Firkins and Butter Tubs, Tanks, Cisterns, etc., which find a market in Southern New York and Northern Pennsylvania and are acknowledged by all first- class packers, as the best made. In season Grajie, Berry, Peach Baskets, Crates,etc., form a specialty and are extensively deal in. The success of this enterprise is due to the superior quality of the products, the skill of his Avorkmen and the business get-up of Mr. Bostwick. iTHACA,NE>, YOEK. 43 Sei?ecaswt^f "''°^,' ^^^^ ^""^^ ^ards, Foot of West kfncHnmiaca witS ^''' ,'^;^^^ flourishing' concerns of this that of theSve c Zp,. f •"?'' ^"'^^''^ *°^^ "'°''^ prominent is firm are whn?P«!i? i"' T'-f''^' ^^'""^ established in 1888. The Lathfand SWnfn^ " retail dealers in all kinds of Lumber, bCc^ Doo, «mf 'w"\^'^*'"^'''^ manufacturers of Doors, Sash Lumber The v\,.^I"''^°''' ?'''''"''''' Mouldings and Dressed 400 000 feet of hn^.t,! • °7^'' *°"'' """''^^ °^ ground and about 40x00 feet in silpt ^^ always stored here. Their planing mill all the nec"ss^ rv nicl.fn''''"'' ''f ' is ."'"^"""S'^^ly eqiipped^vith furnislied to fmi -ipl, "'""^'n?;"'^ appliances, and emplovment is n this c^L .nZntf "'^"- ^^''^ ''"'"'"'^ °f t^'^'l'^ is very extensive and the exce it s °'"-'^"'?''°V-?.*''y' °^""S ^o the prices quoted f "eoi-e J b/v™ .^ ^i"'r^' *j^'-'''.i*i«'« enjoyed by them. Messrs. ot^he firm 1 nt^ nf , ■ ^- KV.'?"^«on are the individual members 01 tne him both of whom are liberal and enterprising gentlemen. woS's tni^^'^PP' :'^^ ^''^''^- The products of these aees Bn'^ip*=""{^'r f'' ^""'V" "''' "^^'■'^<'*- ^1 ki"t^s of Carri- sueci-ilHlf^rff Viv f °"'' ^"^'Jfy^ '"^d light vehicles are the Bes1fp!,^f., f"'l" ^'"""f' "'"k'ny first-class work exclusively. hT^fh^T^f.^'^^'^-T^}''^ does Painting, Trimming and Repair- pSnV ,-p °'^*' satisfactory manner. The business was established Zk.i-J l^ ago, and at once sprung into public favor. The i'°f , ^f th'-ee stories high, 40x120 feet in size and emplovment his Wh, I? '''\J"'''A-, ^'^"■e '* "o* "^ "'0''e competent man in busS h^nd''" '• '^'•''I'P*'"^ he has many warm personal and Treman, King & Co., Nos. 1 and 3 E. State Street. ihe leading house of Ithaca eugagetl in this important branch of comniercial interest is that of the subject of this editorial The premises occupied by this firm is a four-story structure with basement, CO X 110 feet in size and arranged expressly for this Inisiness, being stocked with a complete hue of Hardware Me- chanical Tools, Shelf Goods, House Furnishing Goods and Tin- ware of every description, several styles of Stoves and Ranges, Paints, Oils, all kinds of Glass, Bar Iron and Steel and many other specialties too numerous to mention. The first floor with its elegant show windows and cases certainly form one of the attractions of the city for its metropolitan appearance. The trade of the house extends within a radius of twenty-five miles and twelve men are employed in the different departments. This is one of the pioneer industries of Ithaca and dates its origin as far back as 1844, when it was established bv L. and L. L. Treman. In 1851 Elias Treman was admitted and the firm be- came Treman Bros. It remained so until 1857 when Mr. King was admitted and it became Treman, King &: Co. In 1888 Mr L Treman died and in 1890 Mr. R. H. Treman was admitted to partnership, the members of the firm to-day being L. L. Treman, Elias Treman, L. R. King and R. H. Treman, son of Elias. Ithaca Broom Co. A business that is deserving of more than passing mention at our hands is that of the above, which was established about fifteen years ago. The works is a three story building 50x120 feet, equipped with all the necessary broom making machinery and furnishes steady employment to fifteen people. Plain and Fancy Brooms, Whisk Brooms, and in fact brooms of all kinds are manufactured, the annual output amounting 8,000 dozen. The proprietor, Mr. C. M. Titus is a prominent real estate dealer and a business man of great enter- prise and value to this city. I N D X. Angell, Henry 30 Andrews & Sloeum, 'SI Andrus & Church.., 43 Atwater, Fred 80 Atwater, F. B 33 Autophone Co., The 36 Blackman Bros., 36 Bush & Dean, 34 Brown, C. B 40 Bool Co., The 34 Brooks, F. W 33 Bostwick, H. V 43 Bidwell, J. A 37 Chipman, A. E 29 Clmton House, The 30 Clapp,G. L 43 Clark, U 30 Cascadilla School, 15 Dale, A.B 31 Dixon & Robinson, 43 Enz& Miller, 38 Frost, G. W 40 Fall Creek Mills, 30 Finch, D. F ... 38 First National Bank, 28 Godfrey & Gilbert, 30 Gray & Patterson, 37 Gunderman, W. R 41 Griffin, George 83 Howe, F. S. & J. B 37 Hollister, H 39 Heggie, R. A. & Bro., 33 Howe, F. E 27 Hawkins & Todd, 38 Hall, E. M 37 Ithaca Clock Co., 27 " BeefCo. 43 " PaperCo. 39 " Gun AVorks, 28 " Hotel 32 " Drop Forge Co., 36 Savings Bank, 40 " Broom Co., 48 Vackson, E. S 41 Jamieson & McKinney, .' •;* KcKinney, S. J. Melotte, G. W 33 Melotte & Co., G. W 48 McCauley, J. A 41 Owens, D. D f^ Perry & Co., 40 Platts, A. H. &Co., !^f^ yuiok, M. W 38 Revnolds efe Lang 33 Rumsev, C. J. & Co, 39 Rust Artesian Well Co., 43 Stanley, C. M 41 Stephens, P 40 Sisson, E. S 31 Storms, J. B 38 Stowell, .1. C. & Son 29 Seaman. C. S 39 Sherwood, C. R 39 Small, George 38 Stephens. T. J 36 Stewart, D. B. & Co 31 Tompkins House 41 Treman, King & Co 43 Titus, CM 35 Toiiqjkins County National Bank. ... 36 United Glass Conqjany 41 White & Burdick 27 Wattles, C. S 41 AVatkins, J. L 38 AA^olcott, E. AV 40 AVanzer, D. H 33 AVortman, L. S 29 AVilhams Bros 35 IHE EL^MIR7=^, N.V. Comprising two Thoroughly Practical Colleges, T^ND ER SHORTHAND INSTITUTE. ESTABLISHED i 1880, THE SCHOOL OF COMMERCE HAS MADE FOR ITSELF, THROU&HITS THOROUdH COURSES, AND ITS INFLUENCE IN HELPING ITS WORTHY GRADUATES TO GOOD POSITIONS, A NATIONAL REPUTATION. SPECIAL FALL AND WINTER OFFER, SEASON 1891 AND 1892. FOR $75 ¥E f ILL GIYE YOU TWO CONIPLETE COURSES, BUSINESS AND SHORT- HAND. IF YOU WILL COMPLETE THESE SATISFACTORILY, AND PROVE THAT YOU ARE POSSESSED OF INTEGRITY AND PUSH, IE WILL HELP YOU TO A POSITION. For Catalogues, Terms, etc.. Address, iiiiitL if (QiiJi^iiPi i' N. A. MILLER, PRES EL7VVIRA, N.Y. 414 AND 416 E. Market St. I have personally examined the School of Commerce and can heartily recommend it to all parents as a good place to educate their sons and daughters. I employ a young man who graduated from this institution last winter. J. A. MILLER, Puhlisher. GODFREY & GILBERT, imm, - mikwm \^ U ^if ■^hKlSD TU^KKERS OI=1<- CULTIVATORS, HORSE HOES, PLOWS, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers and Hay Racks. ^TVTKICING K!^ Specialty of Repairii^g of all Kii^ds ar^d Makii^g to Order Special Macliii^ery of E^ery Descriptioi]. ORDERS mm PROMPT ATTENTION. ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. CORRESPOND- ENCE SOLICITED. SeePa^eSO. THE KING OF ALL TEN CENT CIGARS, *^u-i^-t-i-m-m-t-\:/-m;' Is a Prime Favorite with Smokers. Of Fine Flavor, of Mellow Taste. Made of Havana Filler and Sumatra Wrapper. PUII5 \ Co,, MAMS, - - - Wk, N. f. Sold Everywhere Owing to its Superiority- Over all 10c. Cigars. See Sketch, Page 29.