CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY _, Cornell University Ubrary QL 668 .E2B76 1882 '^^*i?.'.'!iflMI?,.,.9J!.t.':!g. Batrachia Salientia s. 3 1924 024 782 256 The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024782256 CATALOGUE • 01' THE BATRACHIA SALIENTIA S. EOAUDATA COLLECTION BRITISH MUSEUM. SECOND EDITIOH. BT GEOEGE ALBEET BOULENGEE. LONDON: miNTED BY ORDEB OF THE TRUSTEES. 1882. W /fcoi RNELL UNIVERSITY .\ LIBRARY '^ PBINTBD BY TAYLOB AND ^EA^CIS, BED LIOM COUET, FLEET STREET. ' PREFACE. In the First Edition the object of this 'Catalogue' was stated to be. to give a description of the species of Tailless Batrachians in the British Museum, with an indication of the history and origin of all the specimens in that collection, and also an account of the species -which were known to exist in other museums but were desi- derata in the National collection. This plan has been completely carried out in the present edition ; it contains descriptions of, or references to, all the species introduced into the literature, whilst in the former edition no mention was made of species known from imperfect descriptions only. The rearrangement of this part of the zoological collections, with a new Catalogue, had become very urgent for some time. By the First Edition a fresh impulse to the study of Batrachians was evidently given, many collectors turning their attention to them and discovering a great number of new forms, so that the collec- tion in the British Museum alone has been nearly tripled within the last twenty years. That work fulfilled its purpose, but it has also ceased to be a satisfactory guide in the examination and deter- mination of these animals. Besides, the discovery of almost every new generic type showed that the system proposed in the first edition (complete as it was in itself) was artificial, and that the employment of certain osteological characters, which had been worked out by Cope, Mivart, and Parker, promised a much more natural IV PEBFACB. arrangement. Probably the next step in perfecting this sj'stem will be marked by a consideration of the larvd stages, the knowledge of which, at present, is so very fragmentary. On comparing the two editions a great improvement will be found in the series of specimens, which, for many years, have been selected with the view of illustrating the geographical range of the species. Specimens with uncertain localities or without known origin, if no other special interest was attached to them, and espe- cially duplicates, have been eliminated from the collection. Thus the present work, although it appears in the list of publica- tions of the British Museum as a " second edition," is almost entirely original. It has been prepared by M. Boulenger, Aide-Naturalist in the Eoyal Belgian Museum ; and I feel confident that zoologists will thankfully acknowledge the industry and ability with which the author has performed the diiflcult task entrusted to him by the Trustees. ALBEET GTJNTHEE, Keeper of the Department of Zoology. Britisli Museum, February 1, 1882. INTRODUCTION. The latest general work oa Progs — 'Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the British Museum,' published in 1858— contains the descriptions of 283 species. The present volume contains the de- scriptions of 800 species, more than two thirds of which have been seen by the author. In 1858 the Collection of Tailless Batrachians in the British Museum contained 214 species, represented by 1691 specimens. Ten years later the number of species had increased to 313 *. The two numbers amount now to 522 and 4692 respectively. The classiflcation adopted here is derived from that proposed by Mr. E. D. Cope ; but it has been modified in many respects. It appears to the author undeniable that the principles of classiflcation laid down by Mr. Cope are more in accordance with the natural affinities of the genera of Tailless Batrachians than those employed by other authors ; this is amply proved by all we know of their geographical distribution, development, and physiology. An objection has been made to the adoption of this system, but on a rather trivial ground. It is the supposed difficulty of ascertaining osteological characters ; and quite recently Dr. P. Brocohi t questions whether it is possible to apply in descriptive zoology a classification that requires the sacrifice of one or several of the specimens. But, » Cf. Gunther, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 478. t Mission Soientif. au Meadque, Batraoiens. Tl rKTIEOmrCTION. in reality, such a sacrifice need not be made, as very little skill is required to obtain the necessary information without serious injury to the specimen. Herpetologists have long been in the habit of making an incision in the skin of the pelvic region for the purpose of ascertaining whether the diapophyses of the sacral vertebra are dilated or not ; a slit made in the same manner along the thorax wUl show the sternal characters, and another (which can be sewn up again) along the side of the body will suffice for the examination of the structure of the vertebral column. Few authors agree as to the terminology of the elements of the sternal apparatus. That given by Prof. W. K. Parker in his work on the Shoulder-girdle and Sternum has been followed throughout in this Catalogue. The coloration is described from spirit-specimens, should even the life-coloration be known. When the size is stated, it is always that of the largest specimen in the British Museum. The affixes to the names of donors &c., in the third column of the list of specimens, may be explained as follows : — " [P.] " signifies "Presented by;" "[0.]" = " Collected by;" " [E.]"=" Obtained by exchange." Where none of these signs are employed, the specimens were purchased. G. A. BOULENGEE. British Museum, Jan. 30, 1882. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Class BATRACHIA. Order I. EOAUDATA. Suljorder I. PHANEROGLOSSA. Series A. FIRMISTERNIA. Fam. 1. Ranid^. Page 1. Oxyglossus, Tsclvudi 5 \ii. lima, TscJmdi 5 2. laevis, Gthr ,., 6 3. martensiij Ptrs 6 "T2. Rana, lAnn 6 1. hexadactyla, Less 17 2. cyanophlyctis, Schn 17 3. enrenbergii, Ptrs 18 4. crassipes, Buchh. Sr Ptrs. 19 5. corrugata, Ptrs 19 6. kuhlii, Schleff 20,460 7. latioeps, £lgr 20 v8. yunnanensis, And 21 9. guttulata, Blgr 21 10. liebigii, Gthr 21 11. blanfordii, Blgr. . .' 23 12. subsigiUata, A. Dum. . . 23 13. grunniens, JDaud. 23 -f^. macrodon, Kuhl 24, 460 15. modesta, Blgr 25, 460 -+-16. plioatella, Stol 26 — *Jr7. tigrina, Baud. . : 26 18. occipitalis, Othr 27 . 19. gracilis, Wiegm 28 T20. verrucosa, dihr 29 21. rufescens, Jerd 29 •H^22. tuberculosa, Blgr 30 23. natalensis. Smith 30 24. cordofana, Stdchr 31 i 25. delalandii, Bibr 81 L26. breviceps, Schn 32 27. dobsonii, Blyr 32, 460 28. ornata, Ptrs 33 29. adspersa, Bibr 33 30. maltzanii, Blgr 34 31. khasiana, A^id 34 Page 32. capito, Leconte 34 ^^3. rugosa, Schleg 35 34. montezumse, Baird .... 85 -T-35. catesbiana, Shaio 36 -jL36. clamata, Baud 36 ' 37. septentrionalis, Baird , , 87 plancyi, Lataste 37 '9. esoulenta, L 38 40. porosa, Cope 40 41. utricularia, Harl 40 42. areolata, B.^ 41 ~f^ 43. halecina, Kalm 41 •"V 44. palustris, Leconte 42 45. macroglossa, Brocchi . . 42 46. maculata, Brocchi 42 47. lecontii, B.Sf G 42 48. nigricans, Hallow 43 -)-49. pretiosa, B. ^ G 48 ^0. temporaria, L 44 61. arvalis, Nilss 45 52. cantabrigensis, Baird . . 45 58. iberica, Blgr 46 54. latastii, Blgr 46 55. agilis, Thomas 46 4-56. siivatica, Leconte 4? iST^ japonica, Blgr 47 l58. guentheri, Blgr 48 59. palmipes, Spix 48 60. copii, Blgr 49 61. nigrilatus, Cope 49 62. chrysoprasina. Cope .... 49 63. cseruleopimctata, Stdchr. 50 64. fuscigula, D. 8f B 50 65. angoleusis, Bocage .... 50 - 66. oxyrhynchus, Sund. .... 51 67. longirostris, Ptrs 52 68. trinodis, Boettg 52 69. tQascareniensis,-D.i|-5. 52, 460 70. grayi, Smith 53 71. fasciata. Bote 54 72. macrodactyla, Gthr 54 \!r3. andersonii, Blgr 55 73 a, betsileana, Blgr 460 STSTBMAIIO INDEX. Page 736. curta,B!ffr 461 74. beddomii, Gthr 55, 461 75. semipalmata, Slffr 56 76. leptodactyla, Blgr 77. diploaticta, Gthr.' . . 58, 461 77 a. phrynoderma, Mgr. . . 46'2 78. margariana, And 58 79. elegans, Slgr , . . . . 59 80. albolabris, Sallow 59 81. macularia, Blyth 60 82. malabarica, Bibr 60 83. galamensis, D. S/- B. . . . . 61 84. curtipes, Jerd. 61 85. alticola, Blgr 62 JL86. temporalis, Gthr. . . 63, 462 ' 87. papua. Less 64 88. kinSdi, Blc/r 64 , 89. tytleri, Tfieoh 65 90. erythraea, Schleg 65 91. chalconota, Schleg 66 92. arfaki, Meyer 66 93. jerboa, Gthr 67 94. 'inguinalis, Gthr 67, 462 95. madagascariensis,.4.J'um. 67 96. granulata, Boettg. . . 68, 462 96 a. ulcerosa, Boeltg 462 96 J. femoraHs, Blgr 463 96c. cowanii, Blgr 463 97. luctiiosa, Ptrs 68 98. chloronota, Gthr 69 99. afghana, Gthr 69 vlOO. formosa, Gthr 70 101. celebensis, Schleg 70 101 a. latopalmata, Blgr 464 102. natatrix, Gthr 71 103. signata, Gthr 71 104. similis, Gthr 72 105. everetti, Blgr 72 106. mackloti, Schleg 72 107. buergeri, Schleg 73 107 a. plicifera, Blgr 464 1 07 h, aspera, Blgr 465 108. glandulosa, Blgr 73 aurora, B. ^ G 6 draytonii, B. 8f G 6 mindanensis, G 6 lividiis, Bhjth 7 nigrovittatus, Blyth .... 7 altilabris, Blyth 7 neweraellia, Kel. 7 mutabilia, Kel 7 maculata, Kel 7 nebulosa, Jial. 7 multistriata, Sal. 7 adtrifa, Tr 7 missuriensis, Wied .... 7 Page 7 spinidactyla, Cope. . fritMi, Theob ^ - -. circulosa, JR. S; D '^ 57— 1-3. Khacophorus, Kuhl 73 1. goudoti, Bibr 76, 465 1 a. rbodosoelis, Blgr 466 2. dispar, Boettg v.. 77 3. crossleyi, Ptrs .". 77 3 a. ferooralis, Blgi- 466 36. boettgeri, -B/pr,- 467 3 c. pulcher, Blgr 467 3 d. depressiceps, Blgr 467 4. ? lugubris, A. Dum 77 5. ? tephrsBomystax,.4.J)Mm. 78 6. hecticus, Ptrs 78 7. stictomerus, Othr 78 8. surdus, Ptrs 79 9. microtympanura, Gthr.. . 79 10. pleurostictus, Gthr 79 11. reticulatus, Gthr 80 12. jerdonii, Gthr 80 13. dubius, Blgr 81 14. nanus, Gthr 81 15. fergusonii, Blgr 82 16. cavirostris, Gthr 82 17. da-^ddi, Sauv 83 — *18. maculatus. Gray 83 'l9. eques, Gthr ^"^ 20. nasutus, Gthr 21. appendioulatiis, Gthr. 22. tuberculatus. And. 86 22 a!. luteus, Blgr 468 23. schlegelii, Gthr 86 24. microglossus, Blgr 87 25. dennysii, Blanf. 87 26. maximus, Gthr 88 27. rein-n-ardtii. Bote 88 28. malabaricus, Jerd. 90 . 29. bimaculatus, Blgr 90 -f-SO. pardalis, Gthr 91 30 a. beddomii, Blgr 468' 31. madagascariensis,Pirs.. . 91 nmn^huhiiii, Blh 73 lividus, Blyth 73 stellata, Kel. ' 73 4. Chirnmantis, Ptrs 92 1. rufescens, Gthr " .' 92 2. xerampelina, Ptrs 93 3. petersii, Blgr 93 5. Ixalua, D. Sf B , . '. '. 93 1. opislhorbodus, Othr. '. , ." .' 95 ^.hiscm, Blgr 96,469 2 a. eilvaticus, Blgr 469 3. saxicola, Jen^ 97 4. bypomelas, Gthr. ...... 97 5. oxyihynobus, Gthr. '. '. ' ' 97 g6 85 BYSIBMAIIO INDEX. Page 6. kakhienensis, And. .... 98 7. leucorhinus, Mart 98 8. aoutirostris, Ptrs 99 9. pictus, Ptrs 99 10. sohmardanus, Kelaart . . 99 11. nasutus, Gthr 100 12. aurifasciatus, Schhg 100 13. femoralis, Gthr 101 14. beddomii, Gthr 101 14 a. pulcher, Blgr 469 15. variabilis, Gthr 102 16. cinerascens, Stol. 102 17. glandulosus, Jerd 103 18. lateralis, And. 103 19. punctatus, And. 104 20. tuberculatjis. And 104 21. chalazodes, Gthr 105 22. adspersus, Gthr 105 23. flaviventria, Blgr 105 24. eignatua, Blgr 106 25. ? bimaculatus, Ptrs 106 japonicua, Hal 93 6. Cornufer, Tschudi 107 1. imicolor, Tsch 107 2. dorsalis, A. Bum, 108 8. guentheri, Blgr 108 4. meyeri, Gthr 109 5. jagorii, Ptrs 109 6. corrugatus, A. Dum. . . 110 7. punctatus, Ptrs. Sp Dor. . 110 8. vitianus, A. Dum 110 9. unilineatus,, Jifrs Ill 7. Phrynobatracbus, Gthr. . . Ill 1. natalensis, Smith 112 2. plicatiis, Gthr 112 3. aoridoides, Cope 113 8. Nyctibatrachus, Blgr 113 1. pygmseus, Gthr 113 2. major, Blgr 114 8 a. Nannobatrachus, .B/jT. ,. 470 1. beddomii, Blgr 470 9. Nannopbrys, Gthr 114 1. ceylonensis, Gthr 115 2. guentheri, Blgr 115 10. Arthroleptis, Smith 116 1. wahlbergii, Smith 117 2. poecUonotus, Ptrs 117 3. macrodactjdus, Blgr. . . 117 4. dispar, Ptrs 117 6. boettgeri, Blgr 118 6. calcaratus, Ptrs 118 7. horridus, Boettg 118 8. ? africanus, Hallow 119 11. Eappia, Gthr 119 1. borstockii, Sohleg 120 1 a. betsileo, Grand. ....... 471 Page 2. renifer, Boettg 120 3. falvovittata, Cope 121 4. triatis, Boc 121 5. marmorata, Rapp 121 6. argus, Ptrs 122 7. salinffij Bianc 123 8. lagoensis, Gthr 123 9. ocellata, Gthr 123 10. modesta, Gthr 124 11. fuscigula. Boo 124 12. idse, Stdchr 124 13. steindachneri, Boc 125 14. tuberilinguis, Sund. .... 125 15. reticulata, Gthr 125 16. guttulata, Gthr 125 17. ? bocagii, Stdchr. 126 18. rutenbergii, Boettg 126 19. cinctiventris, Cope .... 126 20. pusilla. Cope 127 21. microps, Gthr 127 22. nasuta, Gthr 127 viriflavus, D. Sf B 119 flavoviridis, Pet 119 tettenais. Pet 119 betsileo, Grand. 119 antanosi. Grand. 119 12. Megalixalus, Gthr. : 128 1. seychellensis, Tsch 128 2. flavomaculatus, Gthr. . . 128 3. madagascariensis, D. ^ B. ., 129,471 4. leptosomus, Ptrs 129 5. fomasinii, Bianc 130 6. ? spinifrona. Cope 130 7. spinosus, Buchh. Sr Ptrs. 130 IS. Cassina, Gir 131 1. senegalensis, D. Sr B. . . 131 2. wealii, Blgr 131 14. Hjlamhibtea, A. Du?n 132 1. bocagii, Gthr 133 2. anchietse, Boc 133 3. viridis, Gthr 134 4. maculatus, A. Dum 134 6. aubryi, A. Dum 135 6. natalensia. Smith 135 7. rufus, Peich 136 8. palmatus, Ptrs 136 9. dorsalis, Ptrs 137 11. ? cameronenais, Peich. . . 137 15. Hylixalus, Espada 137 1. bocagii, Espada 138 2. fuliginosus, Espada .... 138 16. Prostherapis, Cope 138 1. inguinalis, Cope 138 2. whymperi, Blgr 139 17. PhyUodromus, Espada . . 139 STSTKMATIC INDEX. Pape 1. pulchellus, Espada .... 139 18. Colostethus, Cope 140 1. latinasus, Cope 140 Fam. 2. Df.ndeobatid.s). 1. Mantella, Blgr 141 1. betsileo, Grand 141 ^. ebenaui, Boettg 141 3. madagascariensis, &-a»(Z. 141 4. cowanii, Blgr 471 —V 2, Dendrobates, Wagl 142 -|-1. tinctorius, Schn 142 ~ 2. typographus, Keferst. . . 143 -;-3. trivittatus, Spix 144 4. lugubris, Schmidt 145 5. talamancae, Cope 145 6. parvulus, Blgr 145 7. labialia, Cope 146 Stumpffia, Boettg 146 psologlossa, Boettg 146 Fam. 3. Engystomatidje. 1. Rhinoderma* I). 8f B 148 1. darwinii, D. 8f B 148 2. Phryniscus, Wiegm 149 1. nigricans, Wiegm 150 2. proboscideus, Blgr 160 8. IsBVis, Gthr 151 4. seminiferus, Cope 162 5. varius, Stann 1 52 6. longirostris, Cope 153 7. flavescens, D. l^ B 153 8. pulcher, Blgr 154 9. cruciger, Mart 154 10. elegans, Blgr 155 11. bibronii, Schmidt 15S 3. Brachycephalus, Fitz 156 1. ephippium, Spix 166 4. Melanobatrachus, Beddome. 156 1. indicua, Beddome 157 6. Splienopbryne, Plrs. ^ Dor. 167 1. cornuta, Ptrs. ^ Dor. . . 157 _-p 6. Oalophrynus, Tsvhudi 157, 472 J^ 1. pleurostigma, Tschudi . . 158 2. punctatus, Ptrs 168 3. madagascariensis, Blgr. . ' 472 6 a. Scaphiopbryne, Blgr 472 1. marmorata, Blgr 472 7. Stereocyclops, Cope 158 1. incraasatus, Cope 159 8. Hypopachus, Keferst 159 1. variolosue, Cope 169 2. inguinalis, Cope 160 , fulva, Cope 159 Jr-Q. Engystoma, Fitz 160 1. uatum, Cope 161 Page -r2. carolinense, Holhr 1^2 3. elegans, ^/^r lo2 4. ovale, Schn -'-"'' 6. microps, D. 8; B 1°^ . rugosum, D. 8f B 160 - Ho. Microbyla, Tschudi 163 1. rubra, Jerd 164 2. ornata, D. 8f B 165 3. pulcbra, Hallmo 165 4. acbatina, Boie 166 + 5. berdmorii, Blyth 166 Ul. CaUida, Gray 167 1. picta, Bihr 168 2. conjuncta, Ptrs 168 3. obscura, Gthr 169 -+4. baleata, Miill 169 "T"5. pulcbra, Gray 170 6. olivacea, Gthr 171 7. triangularis, Gthr 171 12. Xenobatrachus, Ptrs. Sr t>or 172 1. opbiodon, Ptrs. Sf Dor.. . 172 13. Pbrynomantis, Ptrs 172 1. bifaaoiata. Smith 172 2. microps, Ptrs 173 3. fuaca, Ptrs 173 14. Oacopua, Gthr 173 1. systoma, Schn 174 2. globidosus, Gthr 175 16. Glyphogloasus, Gthr 175 1. molossus, Gthr... 175 16. BreTiceps, Merr 176 1. gibbosus, L 176 2. verrucosus, JRapp 177 3. mossambicus, J¥r« 177 17. Rbonibophryne, Boettg. . . 177 1. testudo, Boettg 177 18. Henaiaus, Gthr 178 1. 'guttatum, iJap^ 178 2. sudanense, Stdehr 178 obscurus, Grand 178 Xenorhina, Ptrs 179 oxycephala, Schleg 179 Adenomera, Fitz 179 marmorata, Fitz 179 Fam. 4. DYSC0PHrD.ffi). 1. Dyscopbus, Grand. . . 180, 473 1. insularia. Grand. 180 2. antongilii. Grand. 180 2. Oallnella, Stol. 181 473 1. guttulata, Blyth ' 181 3. Plethodontohyla, Blgr. 182, 473 1. notosticta, 'Gthr. . . 182 473 2. inguinalia, Blgr ' 473 3. brevipea, Blgr. 474 SYSTEMATIC nSTBEX. Page 4. Platypelis, Slgr , . 474 1. cowanii, Slgr 474 5. Cophyla, Boettg 475 1. pliyUodactyla,5oe%. 183, 475 Series B. AB.CIFERA. Fam. 6. Ctstignathid^. 1. Pseudis, Laur 185 1. paradoxa, L 186 2. minuta, Gthr 187 3. limellum, Cope 187 4. mantidactyla, Cope .... 187 2. Oentrolene, Eapada 187 1 . geckoideum, Espada .... 188 8. Mixophyes, Othr 188 1. fasciolatus, Othr 188 4. Cyclorhamphus, Tschudi . . 189 1. fuliginosus, Bihr 189 5. Oalyptooephalua, D.UfB... 189 1. gayi, i). ^5 189 2. testudimcepa, Cope .... 190 6. Telmatdbius, Wiegm 190 1. peruvianus, Wiegm 191 2. semaricus, Cope 191 3. jelskii, Ptrs 191 4. marmoratus, D. ^ B. . . 192 5. pustulosus, Cope 192 6. angustipes, Cope 192 brasiEensis, Steind. .... 190 7. Blosia, Tschudi 193 1. nasii.'i, Licht 193 2. bufonia, Gir 194 3. vomerina, CHr 194 8. Phyllobates, D. ^ B 194 1. bicolor, Bibr 195 2. limbatus, Cope 195 3. cystignathoides, Cope . . 196 4. melanorbiuus, Berth. . . 196 6. hylaeformis, Cope 196 6. cbalceus, Ptrs 197 7. verruculatus, Ptrs 197 8. ridens, Cope 197 glandulosus, Steind. .... 194 peruensis, Steind. ...... 194 elegana, Gthr 194 9. Hylodes, Fitz 198 1. palmatus, Blgr 201 2. lanciformis, Cope 202 3. berkenbusohii, Ptrs . 202 4. podiciferus, Cope 203 5. muricinus, Cope 203 (habenatus, Cope 203) 6. rhodopis, Cope 203 7. conspicillatus, Gthr 204 8. gollmeri, Ptrs 205 Page 9. rugosus, Ptrs 205 10. griseus, Hallow 206 11. bocourtii, Brocchi 206 12. augusti, Bughs 206 13. lineatus, Schn 207 14. lentus, Cope " 207 15. luteolus, Gosse 208 16. planirostris, Cope 208 17. binotatus, Spix 209 18. cuneatus, Cape 209 19. laticepa, A. Bum 210 20. melanostictus, Cope .... 210 21. pelviculus. Cope 210 22. megacephaliis, Cope .... 211 23. gulosu3, Cope 211 24. diastema, Cope 212 25. surdus, Blgr 212 26. glandulosus, Blgr 212 27. devillii, Blgr 213 28. ricordii, B. Si B 213 29. oxyrhynchus, B. ^ B. . . 213 30. auriculatus, Cope ...... 214 31. martinicenais, Tschudi , . 214 32. varians, Gundl. ^ Ptrs. . . 215 33. bogotensis, Pti-s 215 34. bicumulus, Ptrs 215 35. cerasinus, Cope 216 36. cruentus, Ptrs 216 37. unistrigatua, Gthr 217 38. buckleyi, Blgr ". . 217 39. whymperi, Blgr 218 i-40. eurtipes, Blgr 218 41. leptopua, Bell 219 42. galdii, Espada 219 43. sulcatua, Cope 220 44. biporoatua, Ptrs 220 45. cornutua, Espada 220 longipes, Bd. 198 TeiTueoaua, Esp 198 pbUippi, Esp 198 diadematua, Esp 198 rubicundus, Esp 198 laorimoaiis, Esp 198 lineatus, Broc 198 0. Ceratophrys, Boie 221 1. bigibbosa, Ptrs 222 2. appendiculata, Gthr. . . 222 3. boiei, Wied 223 4. fryi, Gthr 223 —1-6. cornuta, L 224 ' 6. dorsata, Wied 225 7. oruata, Bell 225 8. americana, B. ^ B 226 9. cultripes, iJ. Sr L 226 10. leyboldii, Espada 227 11. Edalorhina, Espada 227 '4,141 4 \ STSTEMATIC INDEX. [Page 1. perezii, Bspada , 227 2. 'buGkleyi, Blgr 228 3. plicifrons, Cope 228 J(i% Paludicola, Wagl 229 1. bufonia, BeU 230 2. bibronii, Tschudi 231 3. bracliyops, Cope 232 4. ciuerea, Cope 232 6. fuscomaculata, Stdchr. . . 233 6. diplolistris, Pirs 233 —J- 7. biligonigera, Cope 234 8. albilrons, Spix 234 9. krbyeri, H.^Z 235 10. henselii, Mrs 235 11. marmorata, D. 8r B 235 12. verrucosa, B. 8r L 236 13. sagittifera, Schmidt .... 236 14. falcipes, Hensel 236 15. nitida, Btrs 237 16. p mexicana, Brocchi . . 237 +13. Leptodactylua, Mtz 237 1. pustulatus, Plrs 2-39 2. rbodonotus, Gthr 239 3. bylsedaotylus, Cope .... 240 4. longirostris, Blgr 240 5. gracilis, B.S^ B 241 6. fragilis, Brocchi 241 7. labrosus, Espada 241 8. peutadactylus, L 241 9. rflbido, Cope 243 10. pcecilochilus. Cope .... 243 11. mystaciaus, Burm 244 12. microtis, Cope 244 13. perlsevis. Cope 245 14. albilabris, Othr 245 15. typhonius, Baud. 246 -^6. oceUatus, L 247 17. caliginosus, Oir 247 18. podicipinus. Cope .... 248 19. gaudichaudii, B.SfB... 249 bylodes, R. 8f L 237 discolor, R.^ L 237 hallowellii, Cope 237 14. Plectromantis, Ptrs. .... 249 1. wagneri, Ptrs 250 2. rhodostigma. Cope . , . . 250 15. Limnomedusa, Cope .... 250 1. macroglosaa, B. S/- B. , . 250 16. Hylorbina, Bell 251 1. silvatica, Bell 251 17. Borborocoites, Bell 252 1. nodosus, B.SrB 253 2. roseus, I). ^B 253 3. hidalgoi, Bspada 263 4. taeniatus, Oir 254 5. grayi, Bell 254 Page 6. bibronii, Bell 255 7. quixensis, Bspada 255 8. peruanus, Ptrs. 256 9. maculatus, Gthr. . , 256 10. calcaratus, Gthr 256 11. coppiogeri, Othr . 257 (Cyclorhamplius fasciatus, Ptrs 257) 18. Zachsenus, Cope ......... 257 1. parvulus, Gir . 257 "flQ. Limnodynastea, Mtz 258 -fl. peronii, B. ^ B 258 ^ ' 2. salrainii, Stdchr 259 3. tasmaniensis, Othr 260 4. platycephalus, Gthr. . . 260 5. dorsalis, Gray 261 6. ornatus, Gray 262 20. Oryptotis, Gthr ■ . 262 1. brevis, Gthr 268 -(^21. Orinia, Tschudi 263 1. georgiana, Bilr 264 2. signifera, Oir 265 3. tasmaniensis, Othr 266 4. Isevis, Gthr 266 (Oamariolius varius, Ptrs. 266) 22. Hyperolia, Gray 267 1. marmorata. Gray 267 -^«3. Obiroleptes, Othr 267 1. platycephalus, Othr 268 2. brevipalmatus, Othr. . . 269 3. brevipes, Pti-s 269 ^4. australis, Gray 269 1 5. alboguttatus, Gthr 270 6. inermis, Ptrs 271 .y24. Heleioporus, Gray 271 •4-1. albopimctatus, Gray . . 271 2. pictus, Ptrs 272 Alsodes, Bell 272 monticola, Bell 272 Nattereria, Stdchr 272 lateristriga, Stdchr 273 Fam. 6. DBNDHOPHIlYNISCID.ffi). 1. Batracbophrynus, Ptrs. . . 273 1. bracbydaetylus, Ptrs. . . 273 2. macrostomus, Ptrs 273 2. Dendrophrynisous, Bspada . 274 1. brevipoUioatus, ^sjurtiia. . 274 Fam. 7. BuFONiD.a!. 1. Engystomops, Bspada .... 275 1. pustulosus. Cope 275 2. stentor, Bsjiada 276 3. petersii, Bspada 276 jp. Pseudopbryne, Mtz 277 SrSIEMATIO INDEX. Page 1. Bustralis, Oray 277 "T 2. bibronii, Othr 278 3. coriacea, Keferst 278 -f-4. guentheri, Blgr 279 3. Nefctopliryiie,jMoAA.^J¥j-s. 279 1. afra, Buchh. 8f Ptrs 279 2. guentheri, Blgr. 280 3. tuberculosa, Othr. '. 280 4. P sundana, Ptrs 281 J>(4..Bai6,Laur 281 1. borbonicus, Boie 286 2. brevipes, Ptrs 287 ■ 3. leptopus, Othr 287 4. penangensis, Stol. 287 5. pulcber, Blgr 288 6. kelaartii, Othr 288 7. bololius, Othr 289 8. beddomii, Othr 289 9. debilis, Oir 289 10. bsematiticus, Cope 290 H. guttatus, Schn 290 12. glabemmus, Othr 291 13. cssruleostictus, Othr. . . 291 14. diptychus. Cope 292 15. politus, Cope 292 16. monksise, Cope 292 17. mexicanus, Bronchi .... 293 18. variegatua, Othr 293 19. calamita, Laur 293 20. raddii, Straueh 294 21. latastii, Blgr 294 22. sumatranus, Ptrs 295 , 23. balophilus, B.SfO ?95 -454. boreas, .BL^>%/v-Ajll^/.A-SaS «L25, viridis, Laur 297 26. mauritanicus, Schleg. . . 298 27. regularia, Beuss 298 28. f unereus, Bocage 476 29. angusticeps. Smith .... 300 80'. oiivaceus, Blanf. 300 31. carens, Smith 301 32. blanfordii, Blgr '301 33. compactilis, Wiegm 802 34. simus, Schmidt 302 35. spinulosus, Wiegm 302 36. vulgaris, Laur 303 37. tuberosus, Othr 304 38. taitanus, Ptrs 305 39. sikkimensis, Blyth .... 805 40. himalayanus, Othr. . . . .■ 305 41. melanostictus, Schn 806 42. microtymparmjn, Blgr. . . 807 43. interjnedius, Othr 307 ^4. diptemus, Cope ...... 308 "f'46. lentiginosuB, Shaw SOS ■ 46. occipitalis, Camerano , . 310 Page 47. biporcatus, Schkg 311 48. claviger, Ptrs 311 49. divergens, Ptrs 312 50. parietalis, Blgr 312 61. asper, Oravh 313 52. celebensis, Schleg 313 53. galeatus, Othr 314 54. bocourtii, Brocchi 314 55. arenarum, Hensel 814 56. molitor, Tschudi 315 -+*7. marinus, L 815 4-68. crucifer, Wied. 316 \ €( H "^ 59. typbonius, L 317 60. ceratophrys, Blgr 319 61. dialophus. Cope 319 62. valliceps, Wiegm 319 63. melanochlorus. Cope . . 320 64. coniferus, Cope 321 65. auritu.?, Cope 821 66. veraguensis, Schmidt . . 321 67. coccifer, Cope 322 68. d'orbignyi, D. 8f B 322 69. stemosignatus, Othr. . . 323 70. canaUferus, Cope 323 71. argillaceus, Cope 824 . 4-72. granulosus, Spix 824 '9 ^^ 73. gutturosus, Latr 324 74. peltocephalus, Bib- 325 75. empusus, Cope 326 76. fastidiosus, Cope 826 77. epioticus, Cope 326 borribilis, Wiegm 281 cristatus, Wiegm 281 marmoratus, Wiegm. . . 281 erythronotus, Solhr 281 punctatus, B.^ 281 alvarius, 281 melanogaster, Sal. .... 281 stomaticus, Ltk 281 microscaphua, Cope .... 281 mendocinus, PhU 281 csentlescens, Cope 281 pictus, Cope 281 6. Nectes, Cope 327 1. subasper, Tschudi 327 6. Notaden, Othr 328 1. bennetti, Othr 328 7. Myobatrachus, Schleg 328 1. gouldii, Oray 329 8. Rbinophrynus, D. ^ B. .. 829 1. dorsaHs, D. Sr B. , 329 Fam. 8. TIyi/idm, \. Tboropa, Cope 331 '("I. miliaris, Spix 331 SYSTEMATIC INBEX. Page -T2. Choropliilus, Baird 382 -+1. nigritus, Leconte 333 2. ornatus, Holhr. 333 3. ocularis, Solbr 333 4. copii, Blgr 334 5. cuzcanus, Cope 334 "/^. triseriatus, Wied 335 7. verrucosus, Cope 335 8. septentrionalis, Blgr. . . 335 -f- feriarum, Bd 332 4-3. Aeris, B. 8f B 336 — f~l. gryllus, Leconte 336 -j-4, Hyla, Laur 337 1. maxima, Laur 349 2. appendiculata, Blgr 349 3. cryptomelas, Cope 350 4. vasta, Cope 351 5. faber, Wied 851 -f-6. crepitans, Wied 852 7. indris, Cope 853 8. circumdata. Cope 358 9. rostrata, Ptrs 853 10. hypselops, Cope 353 11. pardalis, Spix 864 12. inframaculata, Blgr 854 13. corticalis, jBMcm 355 14. tuterculosa, Blgr 855 15. altoguttata, Blgr 356 16. albomarginata, Spix . . 356 17. punctata, Schn 857 18. xerophylla, D. 8f B 858 19. granosa, Blgr 858 20. punctillata, Ptrs 859 21. punctatissima, JE. ^X.. . 859 22. fasciata, Gthr 859 28. boans, Baud. 360 24. lanciformis, Cope 361 26. spectrum, R. Sr L 361 26. leprieurii, D. Sp B 361 27. bucHeyi, Blgr 362 28. taurina, Fitz 863 29. langsdorffii, B. 8f B. .. 864 30. planiceps. Cope 364 31. venulosa, Laur 864 32. nigropunctata, Blgr 866 33. mesophsea, Ilensel .... 366 34. quadrangulum, Blgr. . . 367 85. coriacea, Ptrs 867 36. nigromaculata, Tsclmdi . 368 37. septentrionalis, Tschudi . 368 38. ovata. Cope 369 39. dominicensis, Bibr 370 40. lichenata, Goase 370 41. baudinii, B.S,- B 371 42. gabbii, Cope 372 43. salvini, Blgr 372 -f-44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 4-63. 54. 65. 4-56. 57. 458. 59. 60. 61, 62. 63. 65. 66. 67. 70. 71. 72. 78, 74, 75, 76. 77. 78, 79. 80. 81, 82. 88. 84. 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. 90. 91. 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 4-98, 99 Page versicolor, Leconte 372 arenicolor, Cope ^Jl cadaverina, Cope ^7.3 regiUa, B. 8f 374 fusca. Baud ^1,* zebra, B. Sf B 375 pulcbella, B. S^ B 375 vauteri, Bibr 376 nasica. Cope 376 carolinensis, Penn 877 uranocbroa, Cope 877 pulchrilineata. Cope .... 378 andersonii, Baird .... 378 eximia, Baird 378 arborea, L 379 chinensis, Gthr 381 annectens, Jerd 382 phylloehroa, Gthr 382 gracilenta, Ptrs 883 jervisiensis, B. 8f B B83 cserulea, White 383 dolichopsis. Cope 884 infrafrenata, Gthr 385 montana, Ptrs. Sr Bar. . . 885 albopunctulata, Blgr. pulverata, Ptrs reticulata, JEspada . microps, Ptrs leucopbyllata, BeiiHs aurantiaca, Baud. 888 bipunctata, Spix 889 minuta, Ptrs 889 rhodopepla, Gthr 889 strigilata, Spix 390 peronii, JBibr 390 senioula, Cope 891 marmorata, Laur 391 dasynotua, Gthr 392 parviceps, Blgr 393 sordida, Ptrs 393 nigripes. Cope 894 palliata, Cope 894 polytsenia. Cope 394 rubicundula, B. 8r L. . . 895 bracteator. Hens 896 guatemalensis, i?;-occfe'. . 896 crassa, Brocchi 896 plicata, Brocchi 396 spinosa, Stdehr 396 nebulosa, Spioc 397 labialis, Ptrs 397 auraria, Ptrs 397 squirella, Baud 393 femoralis. Baud. 393 pickeringii, Holbr 399 curta, Cope 399 , . 385 386 886 886 387 STSTEITATIC INDEX. 100. elseocliroa, Co'pe 101. miotympanum, Cope . . 102. gracilipes, Cope 103. staufi'eri, Cope 104. punctariola, Ptrs 105. bistincta, Cope 106. depressiceps, Blgr 107. phseota, Cope 108. spilomma, Cope 109. acuminata, Cope -j-410. rubra, Daud. 111. funerea, Cope 112. rubella, Gray 113. congenita, Ptfs. S/- Dor. . J 1] 4. dentata, Xeferst ^15. ewingii, D'. ^ B f 'lie. krefflii, Othr 117. parvidens, Ptis 118. adelaidensis, Gray . . . . 119. citropus. Per. ^ Les. . . 120. thesauiensis, Ptrs 121. impura, Ptrs. ^ Dor. . . 122. vagabunda, Ptrs. 8^ Dor. 123. arfakiana, Ptrs. 8f Dor. . . -4-124. aurea, Less. ! XXJ ' 125. obtusirostris, Meyer . . . . 126. lesueurii, D.^B 127. nigrofrenata, Gthr 128. afflnis, Gray 129. latopalmata, Gthr 130. freycineti, D. ^ B (~131. nasuta, Ch-ay 132. dimolops, Cope deliteseens, Lee americana, D. 8f B marmorata, Dum gratiosa, Lee castanea, Steind. guttata. Mad. dorsalis, Macl. psenulata, Broc 6. Nototi'ema, Gthr 1. marsupiatum, D. 8( B.. . 2. plumbeum, Blfjr 3. testudineum, iEspada . . 4. longipes, Blyr 5. oyiferum, Weinl. ...... 6. Hylella, Skdt ^ Ltk 1. tenera, R. 8f L 2. camea, Cope 3. buckleyi, Blgr 4. sumichrastr, Brocchi . . 6. bicolor, Gray 6. nigropunctata, Meyer . . pygmseus, Myr , 7. Nyctimautis, Blgr 1. rugiceps, Blgr Page 399 400 400 400 401 401 ,402 402 402 403 403 404 405 406 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 Page 8. Agalycknis, Cope 422 1. moreletii,^. Dum 422 2. caUidryas, Cope 423 9. Phyllomedusa, Wayl 424 1. buckleyi, Blgr 425 2. lemur, Blgr 425 S. aspera, Ptrs 425 4. dacnicolor, Cope 426 5. palliata, Ptrs 426 6. bicolor, Bodd. 427 7. vaillantii, Blgr 427 8. taraius, Cope 428 9. burmeisteri, Blgr 428 10. sauvagii, Blgr 429 11. coelestis. Cope 429 12. tomopterna. Cope 430 13. hypochondrialis, Daud. . . 480 10. Triprion, Cope 431 1. petasatus. Cope 431 Fam. 9. Pblobatid^. 409 -\rl. Scapbiopus, Jlolbr 433 410 4J. solitarius, JloOr. 434 410 2. couchii, Baird 434 410 8. rectifrenis, Cope 435 412 4. bammondii, Baird .... 435 412 5. bombifrona. Cope 435 413 6. dugesii, Brocchi 436 413 7. miiltiplicatus, Cope .... 486 414 8. atagnalis, Cape 436 414 - rS. Pelobatea, Wagl. 437 415 A-l. fuscus, Laur 487 415 2. cultripes, Cuv 438 337 3. Pelodytes, Fitz 438 337 ] . punctatus, Daud. 438 337 4. Batrachopsis, Blgr 439 337 1. melanop3;ga, Dm- 439 837 5. Leptobrachium, Tsckudi . . 440 337 1. gracile, Gthr 440 337 2. hasseltii, Tsehudi 441 337 6. Xenophrys, Gthr 441 416 1. monticola, Gthr 441 416 7. Megalopbrys, Kuhl 442 417 . 1. montana, KuM 442 417 2. nasuta, Schkg 443 418 8. Asteropbrys, Tsehudi .... 443 418 1. turpicola, Miill. 444 419 Eanaster, Macleay 444 419 convexiusculua, iWflcZ. .. 444 420 420 Fam. 10. Discoglossid.s;. 420 -H- Discogloaaus, OUh 445 -jj. pictus, Otth , . . . 445 2. Bombinator, Merr 446 1. igneus, Laur 447 3. Liopelma, Fitz 447 1. hocbatetteri, Fitz 448 421 421 419 421 422 STSTEMATIC IKBEX. —^4. Alytes, Woffl. M8 Af-'l. obstetricans, Zaur 448 2. cisternasii, JBosca 449 Fam. 11. Amphignathodontid^. 1. Amphignatliodon, JSlffi: , . 450 1. guentheri, Slffr 450 Grj'piscus, Cope 450 umbi'inus, Cope 451 Fam. 12. Hemiphbactidjb. 1. Hemiphractus, Wagl 451 1. scutatus, i^ix 462, 475 . 2. divarioatua, Cope 452 2. Ceratohyla, Espada 453 3. faaciata, Ptrs. . . . . 4. palmarum, JEapada 5. braoounieri, Espada Ampliodus, Ptrs 1. wuchereri, Ptrs. . . Page 454 455 455 455 455 1. proboscidea, Espada. 2. bubalus, Espada . . . 463 Suborder II. AGLOSSA. Fam. 1. DACTYLBTHBrOiE. !l. Xenopus, Waff I. 456 -'rl. leevis, Daiid 456 2. muelleri, Ptrs 457 3. calcaratus, Buchk. §• Ptrs. 458 Fam. 2. PlpiD^. 453-' tI. Pipa, Zaur. 468 -f"l. americana, Zaur 459 CATALOGUE OF BATEAOHIA ECAUDATA. BATRACHIA. Order I. ECAUDATA. In the perfect state, four limbs and no tail. Suborder I. PHANEROGI.OSSA. Eustachian tubes separated ; a tongue. Series A. FIEMISTEENIA. Coracoids firmly united by a simple epicoracoid cartilage ; pre- coracoids, if present, resting with their distal extremity upon the coracoids, or connected with the latter by the epicoracoid cartilage. Fam. 1. RanidsB. Upper jaw toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra cylindrical, or very slightly dilated p. 3. Fam. 2. Deudrobatidse. Maxillary teeth none ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra not dilated p. 140. Fam. 3. EngystomatidsB. Maxillary teeth none ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra dilated p. 146. Fam. 4. Dyscophidse. Upper jaw toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra dilated p. 179. Series B. ARCIFEEA. Coracoids and precoracoids connected by an arched cartilage (the epicoracoid), that of the one side overlapping that of the other. Fam. 5. Cyst^^atMdae. Upper jaw toothed; diapophyses of sacral vertebra cylindrical, or slightly dilated p. 183. B 2 BATEACHIA. ECAtTDAIA. Pam. 6. DendroplirymsciclsB. Maxillary teeth none ; diapophyees of sacral vertebra not dilated P- ^'^' Fam. 7. BufonidsB. Maxillary teeth none; diapophyses of sacral vertebra dilated P- 274. Fam. 8. Hylidse. Upper jaw toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra dilated; terminal phalanges claw-shaped. . p. 330. Fam. 9. Pelobatidse. Upper jaw toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra strongly dilated ; ribs none p. 432. Fam. 10. SiscoglossidsB. Upperjaw toothed; diapophyses of sacral vertebra dilated ; short ribs articulated to the anterior diapophyses p. 444. Fam, 11. AmpMgnathodontidSB. Both jaws toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra dilated ; p. 449. Fam. 12. Hemiphractidae. Both jaws toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra not dilated p; 451. Suborder II. AGLOSSA. Eustachian tubes united into a single ostium pharyngium ; no tongue. Fam. 13. Dactylethrldse. Upper jajv toothed p. 456. Fam. 14. PipidSB. Teeth none p. 458. Suborder I. PHANEEOGLOSSA. Phaneroglossa, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. Phaneroglosses, Dum. Sr Sibr. Erp. G6n. viii. Opisthoglossa and Proteroglossa, Qiinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Eustachian tubes separated ; a tongue. All the Frogs of this division, as far known, possess in the ad- vanced larval state one spiraculum only, or opercular slit • it is situated on the left side, except in the Discoglossidce, in which it is situated in the middle of the thoracic region. A. FIRMISTERNIA. Bufoniformia, part., and Raniformia, Cope, Nat. ffist. Bev. 1865. Eaniformia and Gastrechmia, Cope, Jown. Ac. Philad. (2) vi 1867 Eamformia, Firmisterma^ and Gaatrechmia, Cope, ChieLm of N Amer. Batr. 8f Mept, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. 1877. Coraooidsfirmlyunitedby a simple epicoracoid cartilage • precora- coids, if present, resting with their distal extremity upon the oora- coids, or connected with the latter by the epicoracoid cartilage KANIB-Si. 1. RANID^. Ranidse, part., Oyatignathidee, part., Poljrpedatidse, Hylodidse, part., Gilnth. Cat. Batr. Sal. Ranidas, Cope, Nat. Hist. Sev. 1885. Colostethidffi and Kanidse, Cope, Joum. Ac. Philad. (2) vi. 1867. Polypedatidse, part., and Ranidse, part., Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1869. Upper jaw toothed ; diapophyses of sacral vertebra not, or but very sligbtly, dilated. The members of this family show no great differences in the structure of the sternal apparatus. The precoracoids are always present, their axis being parallel with that of the coracoids, and their distal extremity resting upon that of the_ latter. The preco- racoids are much weaker than the coracoids. In most genera an omostemum and a sternum are well developed and furnished with a bony style. In Oxyglossus, Hylixalus, and Prostherctpis the sternum lacks the bony style, and so does also the omostemum in Narmoplirys and Phyllodromus. In Colostethus, according to Cope, the omostemum is totally absent. The vertebrae are proooeUan. The coccyx is attached to two con- dyles. There are no ribs. A fronto-parietal fontaneUe is constantly absent. The distal phalanges may be simple, pointed, or subtriangular, T-shaped, Y-shaped, or even claw-shaped (Bylambates), the latter structure being met with in the Hylidce, AnvphignatJiodontidm, and SemipTiractidce only. Synopsis of the Genera. Pupil horizontal ; tongue entire ; toes webbed ; outer metatarsal separated by web ; sternum without bony style ; omostemum with a bony style 1. Oxyglossus, p. 5. Pupil horizontal ; tongue more or less deeply emarginate ; vomerine teeth; fingers perfectly free, toes webbed; outer metatarsals separated by web ; omostemum and sternum with a bony style. 2. Eana, p. 6. Characters of Sana, but the fingers more or less webbed. 3. Khacophorus, p. 73. Characters of Ehacophorus, but the two inner fingers opposite to the two outer ■ • ■ • 4. CMromantis, p. 92. Pupil horizontal; tongue deeply emarginate; vomerine teeth none ; outer metatarsals separated by a groove or narrow web ; omostemum and sternum with a bony style.- 5. Ixalus, p. 93. b2 Pupil horizontal; tongue deeply emarginate ; vomerine teeth; fingers free, toes free or slightly webbed ; outer metatarsals united or separated by a groove ; omosternum and sternum with a bony style 6. Cornufer, p. 107. Pupil horizontal ; tongue deeply emarginate ; vomerine teeth none ; toes webbed ; outer metatarsals separated by web ; omosternum and sternum with a bony style .. 7. Phrynobatraclnis,p. 111. Pupil vertical ; tongue deeply emarginate ; vomerine teeth ; toes webbed ; outer metatarsals separated by web ; omosternum and sternum with a' bony style 8. Nyctibatrachus, p. 113. Pupil vertical ; tongue rather deeply emarginate ; vomerine teeth ; toes free ; outer metatarsals separated by a groove ; omosternum and sternum slender, cartilaginous . 8 a. Na]uiobatracliu&,p.470. Pupil horizontal ; tongue deeply emarginate ; vomerine teeth ; toes free ; outer metatarsals united ; omosternum and sternum without bony style 9. Nannophrys, p. 114. Pupil horizontal ; tongue heart-shaped ; vomerine teeth none ; fin- gers free, toes nearly free; outer metatarsals united; omosternum and sternum with a bony style. . . 10. Arthroleptis, p. 116. Pupil horizontal ; tongue heari>-8haped ; vomerine teeth none ; fin- gers and toes more or less webbed ; outer metatarsals united ; omosternum and sternum with a bony style. 11. Rappia, p. 119. Characters of Bappia, but the pupil vertical. 12. Megalixalns, p. 128. Pupil vertical ; tongue heart-shaped ; vomerine teeth ; fingers free, toes free or nearly so, the tips not dilated ; outer metatarsals united ; omosternum and sternum with a bony style. 18. Cassina, p. 131. Pupil vertical; tongue deeply emarginate; vomerine teeth; tips of fingers and toes dilated, the terminal phalanges claw-shaped ; outer metatarsals united ; omosternum and sternum with a bony style 14. Hylambates, p. 132. Pupil horizontal ; tongue heart-shaped ; vomerine teeth none ; toes webbed ; outer metatarsals united ; omosternum with a bony style ; sternum cartilaginous .... 15. Hylixalus, p. 137. Characters of Hylixalus, but the tongue elliptic, entire, and the toes nearly free 16. Prostherapis, p. 138. Characters of Prostherapis, but the omosternum without bony style 17. Phyllodromus, p. 139. Characters of the two latter genera, but no omosternum. 18. Colostethus, p. 140. 1, OXTSLOSSTTS. 1. OXYGLOSSUS. Oxyglossus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85 ; Dvm. ^ Bibr. viii. p. 332 ; Gunth. Cat. p. 6 ; Cope, Nat. Hitt. Bev. 1865, p. 117. Phrynoglossus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 29. Microdiscopus, Peters, eod. he. 1877, p. 422. Pupil horizontal. Tongue narrow, entire, and free beMnd. Vomerine teeth, none. Tympanum indistinct. Fingers free ; toes webbed, the tips not dilated into regular disks. Outer metatarsals separated by web. Omosternum with a bony style ; sternum a cartilaginous plate. Terminal phalanges simple. East Indies. Synopsis of the Species. Tongue pointed behind 1. lima, p. 5. Tongue rounded behind ; skin nearly smooth ; a single metatarsal tubercle 2. Icevis, p. 6. TongTie rounded behind ; skin warty above ; two metatarsal tubercles 3. martensii, p. 6. Oxyglossus lima, Oiinth. Cat. p. 6. Oxyglossus lima, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85; Dum. Sr Bibr.Tp. 334, pi. 86. f. 4 ; Oiinth. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 401 ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. 1870, p. 272, and 1872, p. 101. Tongue elongate, extensively free and pointed behind. Habit stout. Head small; snout rather pointed; interorbital space nar- rower than the upper eyelid. Fingers rather slender, pointed, first not extending beyond second ; toes pointed, fourth not very much longer than third and fifth, broadly webbed ; subarticular tubercles very small ; two conical metatarsal tubercles ; a small tarsal tubercle just below the tibio-tarsal articulation. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Above with numerous small warts, beneath with symmetrical rows of pores. Brownish above, with darker markings ; sometimes a light vertebral stripe ; whitish below, with a dark brown band beneath the arm and along the hiuder side of the thigh, and a brown L-shaped mark on each side of the lower belly. Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. Java ; E. India ; S. China. Or-C. ,3 2- Java. Leyden Museum. d. ?. Java. Dr. Bleeker. e. Several spec. d,2, Siam. M. Mouhot [C.]. &hgr. f-ff- Hgr. (Jamboja. M, Mouhot [C.]. h. ?. Pegu. i. 5. Birmah. T. 0. Jerdon, Eaq. P. . k.2. China. J. E. Reeves, Esq. — Adams, Esq. [C ■p.]. I. ?. China? •]• 6 ■BAHTDSi. 2. Oxyglossus Isevis. Oxyglossus Isevis, Giinth. Cat. p. 7, pi. i. f. A. Phrynoglossus Isevis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 29. Oxyglossus Isevis, Stolicxha, Proc. As. Soc. 1870, p. 273, and 1872 p. 101. Microdiscopus sumatranus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, pp. 422, 682. Tongue oval, rounded behind, free in its posterior third. Habit stout. Head small; snout rounded; interorbital space nearly as broad as the upper eyelid. Fingers short, with blunt tips, first not extending beyond second; toes broadly webbed, fourth not very much longer than third and fifth, the tips dUated into very small disks ; subarticular tubercles of fingers moderate, of toes small ; a single, compressed, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind Umb being carried forwards along the body, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout, or somewhat beyond. Skin nearly smooth. Brown above, with or without rather indistinct darker spots ; sometimes a light vertebral line ; beneath whitish, speckled with brown on the throat and under the limbs. Male with an in- ternal subgular vocal sac. Philippines ; Sumatra ; E. India. a-d. d, ?,&hgr- Laguna del Bay. Dr. Meyer [C.]. e,f- ?• Philippines. (Types of 0. teevis.) W. Theobold, Esq. [P- ff- Hgr. Pegu. A-i. Hgr. Bh'mah. W.Theobald, Esq. P. k.Tlgr. Birmah. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P 3. Oxyglossus martensii. Phrynoglossua martensii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 29. Allied to 0. Icevis, but the web between the toes deeply emar- ginate, a rather indistinct outer metatarsal tubercle, and warts on the back and limbs. A dark band between the eyes; grey beneath, the throat with white punctulations. Bangkok, Siam. 2. RAN A*. Rana, sp., Linn. S, N. i. p. 354. Bana, Wagler, Syst. Anvph. p. 203; Tschudi, Batr. p. 78; Dum. &■ Bihr. Erp. GSn. viii. p. 335 ; Oiinth, Cat. Batr. Sal. v. 8 • Cow Nat. Hist. Bev. 1865, p. 117. ^ ' ^' Hylarana, Tschudi, I. c. p. 78 ; OUnth. I. c. p. 71 ; Cope, I. c. * TJnoertain species i — 1. Bana aurora, Baird & Gir. Proe. Ao. Philad. 1862, p. 174, and U.S. Bxplor Exped., Herp. p. 18, pi. 11. f. 1-6.— Puget Sound. *^ " 2. Bana SraytonU,'SwA. & Gir. 1. e. p. 174, and 1. o. p. 23, pi. 11. f. 19-24. Oalifornia. 3. Hyhrama mindanensis, Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 52. Oaldera. 2. KAIfA. 7 Polypedates, sp., Tsohudi, I. e. p. 78 ; Giinth. I. e. p. 77. Strongyloptis, Tschudi, I. c. p. 79. Pyxiceplialus, Tschudi, I. c. p. 83 ; Cope, I. o. Pyxiceplialus, sp., Bum. %■ Bibr. I. c. p. 442. Limnodytes, Dum. ^ Sibi: I. c. p. 510. Pelophylax, Mtmng. Syst. Rept. i. p. 31. Tomopterna (Bibr.), Gunth. I. c. p. 7. Sphssrotlieca, Gfimth. I. c. p. 20. Ranula, Peicrs, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 402. Dicrogloasus, CHinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 158 ; Cope, I. c. Hoplobatrachus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 449 ; Cope, I. c. Staurois, sp., Cope, I. e. Amolops, Cope, I. o. PoHia, Stemdachn. Novara, Amph. p. 16. Pachybatrachus {mn Eeferstein), Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 659. Clinotarsus, Mivart, ibid. 1869, p. 227. Trypheropsis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18e8,p. 1 17. Maltzania, Boetiger, Abhandl. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 417. Pupil horizontal. Tongue free and deeply notched behind t. Vomerine teeth. Tympanum distinct or hidden. Fingers free ; toes webbed, with simple or dilated tips. Outer metatarsals separated by web. Omosternum and sternum with a strong bony style. Terminal phalanges acute, transversely dilated or T-shaped. Cosmopolitan, except the southern parts of South America and New Zealand; one species from the extreme north of Australia. The study of the numerous species included here in Rana shows the impossibility of dividing them into genera, or even subgenera, according to the dilatation or non-dilatation of the tips of the fingers and toes. The extreme forms, viz. Rana hexadactyla and R. afghana, show indeed a very marked difference respecting the shape and struc- ture of the fingers and toes — the former having them pointed ; the latter dilated into very large disks sapported by regularly T-shaped phalanges. But, when we meet with such forms as B. malabarica, R. curtipes, R. inguinalis, &c., we must hesitate before referring them to the " Platydactyla " or to the " Oxydactyla," and, in fact, 4. lAmmodytes lividus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. rriii. p. 299. — Colombo. 5. Limnodytes nigrovittatus, Blyth, ibid. xxir. p. 718. — Tenasaerim. 6. Eana attilabris, Blyth, 1. o. p. 720.— Pegu. 7. Bana neweraelUa, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun, Zeyl. i. p. 192. — Ceylon. 8. Limnodytes mutMlis, Kelaart, ibid. ii. p. 19. — Colombo. 9. Lim/nodytes maoulata, Kelaart, 1. c. — Gfelle. 10. Sana nebmlosa, Hallow. Proe. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 504. — Hongkong. 11. Soma multistriata, Hallow. 1. c. — Hongkong. 12. Bana adtrita, Troeehel, in Miiller's Wirbelth. Mex. p. 82. — ^Mexico. 13. Bana mismriensis, Wied, Eeise N. Amer. i. p. 115. — Missouri. 14. Bana spinidactyla, Coto, Proc. Ae. Philad. 1865, p. 197. — Natal. 15. Pyxicephakis frithii, Theobald, Cat. Eept. As. Soo. Mus. 1868, p. 81. — Birmah. 16. Sana cwculosa, Eice & Davis, in Jordan's Man. Vertebr. 2nd edit. p. 255. — Indiana. t In a few oases the incision is not very deep. they might just as well be referred to the one as to the other. Besides, the well-known B. macrodon, R. huhUi, and others have the tips of the toes dilated into very distinct disks, much more so than several species hitherto referred to Hylorana. I have therefore come to the conclusion that, with regard to the species of this group, the difiference in the shape of the fingers and toes cannot he used as generic character, as we should be obliged to place far apart species which, in all other respects, are very much alike. This conclusion was foreseen by Mr. Cope some twelve years ago*. Stating that Hylorana stands very near Bana, he observes that " it is only to be distinguished from it generically, without the interposition of any possible form which would not unite them. The T-shaped phalange in some Hylorance is so weak, while the expansion of the tip of the same in Bana temporaria and others is so distinct, as to render the permanent distinction of the two genera a mere matter of future discovery." It has long been believed that the shape of the tips of the iingers and toes is always in immediate relation with the mode of life of the Frog ; but it now appears that several platydactyle species are entirely terrestrial or aquatic, not arboreal. Had not the species been so numerous, I would have hesitated to separate Rana from Rhacophons, which I characterize by the presence of a more or less developed web between the fingers. Though both genera pass into each other and constitute an un- interrupted series of species, I think that division convenient, it being easy to ascertain whether the fingers are quite free or webbed i As characterized by Dr. Giinther and other authors, the genus Pyadcephalus, Tschudi {Tomopterna (Bibr.), Gthr.), is supposed to differ from Bana by a stouter habit, and especially by the great development of the inner metatarsal tubercle, which is large, compressed, shovel-like, as in Felohates, Seaphiopus, &c. Had all the species of Pymcephalus a " large and thick head," and all the species of Rana the " metatarsal tubercle blunt," it would certainly be very natural to separate these two forms ; but such is not the case, and it will be shown that the genera Pyxicephalus and Rana can no longer be distinguished. Prof. Peters established many years ago a new genus, Hoplo- batrachus, for a Ceylonese Prog which, according to him, is exactly intermediate between Rana and Pymcephalus. This supposed new Frog is nothing but a variety of Rana tigrina. In this species the inner metatarsal tubercle is generally blunt, half as long as the first toe, or even less; other specimens (from Ceylon, Madras, apd Malabar) have the tubercle shovel-shaped as in Pymcephalus ad- spersus, and about as long as the first toe ; other specimens are intermediate. These differences in the shape and size of the inner metatarsal tubercle do not correspond with any important character • * Proo. Amer. Philos. Soo. -d. 1869, p. 168. 2. KANA. and I therefore do not hesitate to unite HaplohatracJms oeylanieus ■with jRcma tigrina. The common Sana esculenta furnishes a similar example in favour of this view. In this species the inner metatarsal tubercle is liable to considerable variation. Some specimens, especially those from S. Europe, N. Africa, and W. Asia, exhibit it blunt, small, one third the length of the first toe ; most of those from Northern and Central Europe have it compressed, about half as long as the first toe ; most of the Chinese and Japanese specimens have it still stronger, very frequently quite as long as the first toe, and closely resembling the spur of Pelohates. I may add that I am inclined to consider Hoplohatraehus reinhardti, Peters, as based upon one of these oriental specimens of B. esculenta ; and that I saw some time ago in the Paris Museum a large specimen of the same species labelled Hoplo- hatraehus davidi, sp. n. On the other hand, in some species of Pyxieephalus, viz. P. nata- lensis and P. rugosus, the metatarsal tubercle is not more developed than in that form of B. eseidenta which is intermediate between the extremes. As regards the stouter habit and the thicker head of Pyxicephalus as compared with Bana, we must bear in mind that the latter genus includes some very stout species, and that P. natdlensis has the head very much like the majority of the species of Bana. Synopsis of the Species. I. Pax^akctic Species. A. Tips of fingers and toes not dilated ; beUy smooth. 1. Vomerine teeth between the choanse ; a glandular lateral fold ; toes entirely webbed. Fingers pointed ; glandular lateral fold as broad as the upper eyelid ; a dark band along the hinder side of the thighs .... 38. plancyi, p. 37. Fingers blunt ; glandular lateral fold nar- rower than the upper eyehd ; hinder side , of thighs marbled 39. esculenta, p. 38. Upper eyelid glandular and distinctly porous 40. porosa, p. 40. 2. Vomerine teeth between the choanae ; no glandular lateral fold ; toes incompletely webbed. Skin very warty 33. rugosa, p. 35. 3. Vomerine teeth extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse ; a glandular lateral fold ; toes in- completely webbed ; a dark temporal spot. a. Tibio -tarsal articulation not or hardly reaching the tip of the snout. Inner metatarsal tubercle blunt ; snout obtuse 50. temporaria, p. 44. 10 BANID^. Inner metatarsal tubercle compressed ; snout pointed 51. (vrvalis, p. 45. b. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond the tip of the snout. Tympanum not two thirds the width of the eye; first finger not extending beyond second ; belly spotted 63. iheriea, p. 46. Tympanum hardly two thirds the width of - the eye ; belly spotted 54. latastii, p. 46. Tympanum nearly as large as the eye, close to it ; belly immaculate 55. agilis, p. 46. Snout very long; no outer metatarsal tu- bercle 57. japonica, p. 47. B. Tips of fingers and toes dilated into large disks ; belly granulate .... 107. huergeri, p. 73. II. Ameeican Species. A. Tips of toes not dilated. 1. The web extends to the tip of the fourth toe. Tympanum, nearly as large as the eye ; tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching the eye 34. montesumce, p. 35. Tympanum as large as or larger than the eye ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye 35. cateshiana, p. 36. 2. Toes at least three-fifths webbed, the web not extending to the tip of the fourth toe. a. Tympanum as large as or larger than the eye. First finger not extending beyond second . . 36. damata, p. 36. 6. Tympanum smaller than the eye. a. Vomerine teeth between the choanse. Habit stout ; skin porous 37. septentrionalis, Head moderate ; tympanum nearly as large [p. 37, as the eye ; glandular lateral fold mode- rate 43. halecina, p. 41. Head moderate ; male with external vocal sacs 41. utricularia, p. 40. Head large ; male with external vocal sacs . 42. areolata, p. 41. Tympanum nearly as large as the eye ; glandular lateral fold very broad 44. palustris, p. 42. Tympanum about half the size of the eye . . 45. nmcroglossa p. 42. Tympanum nearly as large as the eye ; first finger not longer than second 46. maoulata, p. 42. 2. BAITA. 11 Tympanum two thirds the size of the eye ; first finger extending scarcely heyond second ; head much longer than broad . . 47. lecontii, p. 42. Tympanum two thirds the size of the eye ; snout short, rounded 48. nilbricans, p. 43. /3. Vomerine teeth extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching the tip of the snout ; a conical outer meta- tarsal tubercle 49. pretiosa, p. 43. Tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching the tip of the snout; no outer metatarsal tubercle 52. cantalrigensis, Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of [p. 45. the snout, or beyond ; a rounded outer metatarsal tubercle 56. silvatica, p. 47. 3. Toes hardly half webbed. Habit stout 32. capita, p. 34, B. Tips of toes dilated into small disks. Toes entirely webbed; first finger longer than second 59. palmvpes, p. 48. Toes incompletely webbed; tympanum as large as the eye 60. copii, p. 49. First finger not longer than second 61. nigrilatus, p. 49. Toes entirely webbed ; skin shagreened above 62. ehrysoprasina, Toes incompletely webbed ; tympanum two [p. 49. thirds the width of the eye ; skin sha- greened above 63. ccenileopimctata, [p. 50. III. Indian anb Australian Species. A. Fingers and toes acutely pointed, the latter very broadly webbed. First finger extending a little beyond second 1. hexadactyla, p. 17. First finger not extending beyond second . . 2. cyanopMictis, p. 17. B. Fingers pointed or blunt ; toes blunt or slightly dUated at the tips. 1. Toes more than half webbed. a. Tympanum indistinct or hidden. First finger not extending quite as far as second ; upper eyelid very narrow ; skin of back with transverse plaits 5. corrugata, p. 19. 12 KANID^. Krst finger extending a little beyond second ; upper eyelid narrow 6. kuhlii, p. 20. Head large ; tibio-tarsal articulation react- ing nearly tie tip of the snout 7. laticeps, p. 20. Toes not entirely webbed ; tibio-tarsal arti- culation reaching a little beyond the tip of the snout 8. yunnanensis, p. 21. A glandular lateral fold ; tibio-tarsal arti- culation reaching the tip of the snout or beyond 10. liehigii, p. 21. b. Tympanum perfectly distinct. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series ex- tending much beyond the choanse ; no tooth-Uke prominence in the lower jaw . 13. grunnuns, p. 23. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series com- mencing from the inner front edge of the choanse 14. macrodon, p. 24. Vomerine teeth in two oblique oval groups commencing on a level with the hinder edge of the choanse 15. modesta, p. 25. Tympanum as large as the eye 16. plicatella, p. 26. A much developed membranaceous fringe along the outer side of the fifth toe ; inter- orbital space narrower than the upper eyelid 17. tigrina, p. 26. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of the snout ; upper parts strongly warty . 20. verrucosa, p. 29. Habit slender ; a glandular lateral fold . . 58. guentheri, p. 48. 2. Toes not more than half webbed. Inner metatarsal tubercle blunt 19. gracilis, p. 28. Inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-shaped; vomerine teeth placed transversely be- hind the choanse 31. hhasiana, p. 34. 'Inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-shaped j tarso-metatarsal articulation reaching a ' little beyond the tip of the snout 21 . rufescens p. 29 Inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-shaped ; tympanum two thirds the size of the eye 27. dobsonii p. 32. Inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-shaped ; tympanum half the size of the eye .... 26. breviceps p. 32 C. Tips of fingers and toes more or less dilated. 1. A glandular lateral fold. a. Tips of fingers and toes simply swollen. Fourth toe about as long as the distance from vent to tympanum 72. macrodactyla, p. 54. 2. BAWA. 13 Toes rather more than half webbed ; tibio- tarsal articulation reaching the tip of the snout, or nearly so far 81. maeularia, p. 60. Toes half webbed ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye 82. malabariea, p. 60. Toes nearly entirely webbed; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye ; head large 84. curtipes, p. 61. Toes nearly entirely webbed r head mode- rate 78. margariana, p. 58. b. Tips of fingers and toes dilated into regular disks, a. Vomerine teeth between the choanae. Femoro-tibial articulation reaching the tym- panum 93. jerboa, p. 67. Two rather indistinct metatarsal tubercles ; tympanum two thirds the size of the eye : hind limbs with dark cross-bars 85. alticola, p. 62. Two very distinct metatarsal tubercles; tympanum two thirds the size of the eye ; hind limbs not cross-barred 88. hrefftii, p. 64. Two metatarsal tubercles, the inner very prominent and large ; hind limbs with dark cross-bars 89. tyileri, p. 65. One metatarsal tubercle; hind limbs not cross-barred 90. erythraa, p. 65. One metatarsal tubercle; disks of fingers half the size of tympanum 91. chalconota, p. 66. /3. Vomerine teeth extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum three fourths the size of the eye 86. temporalis, p. 63. Interorbital space rather narrower than the upper eyelid \. . . 87. papua, p. 64. Tympanum two thirds the size of the eye . 92. arfaki, p. 66. 2. No glandular lateral fold. a. Vomerine teeth not extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Tympanum half the width of the eye ; toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks very small 73. andersonii, p. 55. Tympanum not quite two thirds the width of the eye ; toes hardly half webbed . . 97. luctuosa, p. 68. Tympanum nearly as large as the eye ; toes nearly entirely webbed 101. celebensis, p. 70. Tympanum two fifths the diameter of the ej'e; toes very broadly webbed; head [p. 464. moderate 101 a. latopahnata. 14 EANIDiE. Tympanum about one third the width of the eye ; toes very broadly webbed ; head much elongate 102. natatrix, p. 71. Tympanum two thirds the width of the eye ; toes two-thirds webbed; tips of fingers and toes simply swollen ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; skin strongly granulate 103. signata, p. 71. Tympanum two thirds the width of the eye ; toes two-thirds webbed ; tips of fingers and toes simply swoUen ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; skin slightly granulate 104. similis, p. 72. Tympanum one third the width of the eye ; snout shorter than the diameter of the eye ; beUy granulate 106. maeJchti, p. 72. Upper surfaces very warty ; toes one-fourth [p. 462. webb'ed 77 a. phrynoderma, h. Vomerine teeth extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. a. A free conical papUla on the middle of the tongue ; disks of fingers and toes small. Toes two-thirds webbed 74. beddomii, p. 55. Toes half webbed 75. semipalmata,]^.56. Toes one-third webbed 76. leptodactyla,'p. 57. Toes one-third webbed ; a black spot on the loin. ^ . . . . 77. dijplostieta, p. 58. /3. Tongue without papilla ; disks large. T3rmpanum about half the width of the eye ; first finger extending slightly beyond second 98. cMoronota, p. 69. Tympanum, hardly one third the width of the eye ; first fliiger not extending quite so far as second 99. afghana, p. 69. Tympanum hardly one third the width of the eye ; fingers very long 100. formosa, p. 70. Tympanum three fourths the width of the eye 105. everetti, p. 72. y. Tongue without papilla ; disks small. Tympanum three fifths the width of the eye 108. glandulosa, p. 73. IV. ^iHiopiAU- Species. A. Tips of fingers and toes not dilated; inner metatarsal tubercle blunt. 1. Toes at least half webbed. a. Vomerine teeth in two groups or short series close to the inner front edge of the ohoatiee. Toes very broadly webbed ; tympanum half the siae of the eye 3. ehrmhergii, p. 18. 2. EAJTA. 15 Toes very broadly webbed ; tympanum bidden 4. erassipes, p. 19. Toes entirely webbed ; tympanum nearly as large as tbe eye ; a single metatarsal tubercle 66. oxyrhynchus, p. 51. Toes entirely webbed, the web not emar- ginate ; tympanum nearly as large as the eye ; two metatarsal tubercles 67. longirostris, p. 52. Toes nearly entirely webbed; tympanum two thirds the width of the eye ; a tarsal and two metatarsal tubercles 68. trinodis, p. 52. Toes two-thirds webbed ; tympanum two [p. 52. thirds the width of the eye- 69. mascareniensis, h. Vomerine teeth in two series or groups between the choanse. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups ; toes two-thirds webbed 12. subsigillata, p. 23. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series ; toes nearly entirely 'webbed 18. occipitalis, p. 27. Vomerine teeth in two transverse series ; toes two-thirds webbed 65. angolensis, p. 50. c. Vomerine teeth in two groups on a level with the hinder edge of the choanse. Toes not quite two-thirds webbed 11. blanfordi, p. 23. ., Toes nearly entirely webbed 64. fuscigula, p. 50. 2. Toes webbed at the base. a. Vomerine teeth in two long, nearly straight series on a level with the front edge of the choanse. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of the snout, or somewhat beyond 70. grayi, p. 53. Tibio-tarsal articulation reacMng far beyond the tip of the snout 71. fasdata, p. 54. 6. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the choanse . 83. galamensis, p. 61. B. Tips of fingers and toes not dilated ; inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-shaped. Metatarsal tubercle reaching beyond the tip of the snout 22. tuberculosa, p. 30. Metatarsal tubercle reaching nearly the. tip of the snout ; skin smooth 23. natalensis, p. 30. Tympanum rather indistinct ; two meta- tarsal tubercles 24. cordofana, p. 31. 16 KANiD-a:. Tympanum half the size of the eye ; skin tubercular 25. delalandii, p. 31. Tympanum nearly as large as the eye ; skin smooth 28. ornata, p. 33. Tympanum two thirds or three fourths the size of the eye ; back with longitudinal glandular folds _• 29. adspersa, p. 33. Tympanum larger than the eye ; no longi- tudinal folds • 30. maltzanii, p. 34. C. Tips of fingers and toes more or less dilated. 1. A circular flat gland below each thigh on its inner side. Tympanum hidden 9. guttulata, p. 21. Tympanum distinct ; first and second fingers equal 96 a. ulcerosa, p. 462. Tympanum distinct; first finger not ex- tending as far as second ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond the eye . . 96 6. femoralis, p. 463. 2.- No large gland below the thigh. a. First finger extending beyond second. A glandular lateral fold ; tips of fingers and toes simply swollen 79. elegans, p. 59. A glandular lateral fold ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into regular disks ; belly smooth . ; 80. albilabris, p. 59. No glandular lateral fold ; tibio-tarsal arti- culation reaching a good deal beyond the , tip of the snout 94. mguinalis, p. 67. . b. First and second fingers equal. Toes half webbed ; tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching beyond the tip of the snout 73 a. betsileana, p. 460. Toes three-fourths webbed; tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching beyond the eye 736. curta, p. 461. Toes half webbed ; tibio-tarsal articulation . reaching beyond the tip of the snout . . 107 b. aspera, p. 465. c. First finger not extending as far as second. Tympanum more than half the diameter of the eye ; back smooth 95. madagascariensis, Tympanum more than half the diameter of [p. 67. the eye ; back granulate 96. granulata, p. 68. Tympanum half the diameter of the eye; toes entirely webbed ; back smooth .... 96 c. cowanii, p. 463, Tympanum half the diameter of the eye; toes somewhat more than half webbed ; back with narrow glandular folds 107 a. plicifera, p. 464. BANA. 17 1. Baua hezadactyla. Rana hexadactyla, Giinth. Cat. p. 11. Rana hexadaotyla, Lesson in BMang. Voy. Ind. Or., Sept. p. 331 ; Tschadi, Batr. p. 80 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 405 ; Steindachn. Novara, Amph. p. 19 ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 568. Dactylethra bengalensis, Lesson, III. Zool. pi. 47. Rana cutipora, Dum. Sr Bibr. p. 339. robusta, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. 1854, p. 298. Vomerine teefcli in two oblique series extending beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Head moderate ; snout rather pointed ; can- thus rostralis indistinct ; interorbital space much narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, as large as the eye. Fingers slender, pointed, first extending a little beyond second ; toes webbed to the tips, which are pointed ; fourth toe not very much longer than third or fifth ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes very small ; inner metatarsal tubercle smaU, conical ; no outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth, with more or less distinct rows of pores round the neck, sides, and beUy. Brown above ; sometimes a light vertebral line ; two blackish streaks on the hinder side of the thighs, sometimes indistinct ; young beautifully striped. Male with two external vocal vesicles opening by two slits beneath the angles of the mouth. India. a. Hgr. 2. Nepal. Malabar. Dr. Scully [C.]. 6. Many spec, IS- Col. Beddome [P.]. (As typical of ijaraa vittata.) c-d. S2- Madras. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. ~ Sir A. Smith [P.]. e. Skeleton, 5 • India. /. Stufied. India. ■g-i- Yg. ? T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (As Pyxicejihalus pluvialis.) k,l. 2&hgr. m-n. 5 & hgr. Ceylon. 6. Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 0. Yg. Ceylon. p. Hgr. $ . S. Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. 2. Rana cyanophlyctis. Rana leschenaultii, Giinth. Cat. p. 11. Rana cyanophlyctis, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 137 ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 78 ; Gunth. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 406 ; Steindachn. Navara, Amph. p. 20 ; Sioliczka, Proc. As. Soc. 1872, p.- 102. bengalensis, Gray, Ind. Zool. ; KelaaH, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. i. -^ leschenaultii, Dum. 8f Bibr. p. 342 ; Cantor, Cat. Mai. Sept. Dicroglossus adolfl, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 158, pi. 28. f. B, and Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 402. ^ 18 EiMD^. Vomerine teeth in two small oblique series extending a little beyond the hinder edge of the ohoanse. Head moderate ; snout scarcely pointed ; canthus roatralis indistinct ; interorbital space much narrower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the size of the eye. Fingers slender, pointed, first not ex- tending beyond second ; toes webbed to the tips, which are pointed, fourth not much longer than third and fifth ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes small ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, conical, much like a rudimentary toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches generally a little beyond^ the eye. Skin with small tubercles and warts above ; be- sides, more or less distinct rows of pores. Brown or olive above, dark spotted or marbled ; two blackish streaks on the hinder side of the thighs, seldom absent; beneath often speckled with blackish. Male with Tocal vesicles as in B. hexadaetyla. SmaU species. S.E. Asia. a-e. S S . /. Several spec, $ & yg- g-h, i, A. tj S . i. ?. m-n. Hgr. s. . d- Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. dd-ee. 2- • Hgr. Philippines. Surigao. Mr. Everett [C.]. ff-hh, ii-kk. 2 &yg- Laguna del Bay, . Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 11. Skeleton. Laguna del Bay, viin. (S . ? T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (Ai typical of JRana crassa.) 18. Rana occipitalis. Eana occipitalis, Gunth. Cat. p. ISO, pi. xi. Eana hydraletis, (Boie) Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 78. bragantina, Socage, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1864, p. 253. occipitalis, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. 1866, i. p. 73. Eesembles in every respect Rana tigrina, but with a fold of the skin uniting the posterior angles of the upper eyelids. Male with vocal vesicles placed as in B. tigrina, but more developed. W. Africa. 28 ■RkyXDM. a. tj . Angola. Prof. Barboza du Boeage [P.]. b-d. 2 . Gambia. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 1 e-g, h-i, h. c? ? . Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. \ Types. I. 2. W. Africa, Mr. IVaser [0.1. | m. S ■ W.Africa. Prof. Barboza du Became [P.]. \/ 19. Rana gracilis. Rana -vittigera, Oiinth. Cat. p. 9. Rana gracilis, Wiegm. Nova Acta Ac. Leap. 1835, p. 25? ; Peters, Man. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 78 ; Giitith. Sept. Brit. Ind. p. 409 ; Stdrt- dachn. Novara, Amph. p. 18 ; Stoliczka, Joum. As. Soc. 1870, p. 142 ; Andei-s. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 200; Giinth. Ifoc. Zool.Soe. 1876, p. 567 ; Anders. Anat. Zool.^Mes. Yunnan, p. 840. nilagirica, Jerdon, Joum. As. Soc. 1854, p. 531. agricola, Jerdon, I.e. brevipalmata, Peters, Mem. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 646. lymnocharis, {Boie) Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. 1872, p. 102, and Joum. As. Soc. 1873, p. 116. Very closely allied to R. tigrina, from which it differs chiefly in iliP smaller size, half-webbed toes, and the presence of a small outer metatarsal tubercle, which is, however, sometimes indistinct. The relative length of the hind limbs is very variable. E. Indies ; S. China. Or-h, c-d, e-g. c? ? > tgr. & yg. h. Several spec. i-k. 5 & hgr. I. Many spec. : ^,\i:g!., m. $. n-o. cJ ? . p. §. q-s. ? & yg. t. 2. ■u^x. s, 2,&yg- y. Skeleton. z. Several spec, 2 & yg. u. Many spec. : &yg- i-e. d2. <.-K. c?2- X. Many spec, hgr. & yg- Shanghai. Chusan. Szechuen. Ningpo. Loochoo. Formosa. Formosa. , Hong Kong. Hainan. China. China. Jamu, Hima- layas. Sikkim. Madras. Malabar. Nilgherries. Nilgherries. Ceylon. Ceylon. Ceylon. R. Swinhoe [C.]. East-India Company [P.]. R. Swinhoe [C.J A. Collie, Esq. [PA Dr. CoUingwood [P.]. M. Dickson, Esq. [P.I. J. C. Bowring, Esq. fP.]. R. Swinhoe [CI. J. Reeve, Esq. [P.]. J. Reeve, Esq. [P.J. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit [C.]. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.! Col. Beddome [P.J. P. Day, Esq. [P.]. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (As typical of R. nilagirica.) Dr. Kelaart [0.]. — Barnes, Esq. [P.], W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.], 2. KANA, 29 /i. Many spec. : (S t 2> Ceylon. v-n, p. ? & yg. Central Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. (T. $ . Siam. *■ M. Mouhot [0.]. T. 2 ■ Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. v--^. (S , ? , & yg. Java. Mrs. Lyon [P.], aa-co. $ . Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. 20. Eana verrucosa. (Plate IV. fig. 1.) Rana verrucosa, Ounth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 667. Vomerine teeth in two oMque series between the choanse. Head moderate ; snout rather pointed ; interorbital space two thirds the width of the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the size of the eye. Mngers moderate, first extending much beyond second ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes very prominent ; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, compressed, hardly half as long as the first toe ; a small, rounded, outer metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Upper parts with numerous very prominent warts and short glandular folds. Grey or brown above, darker spotted ; hinder side of thighs black, white-marbled ; sometimes a broad light vertebral stripe. Male with two internal vocal sacs. Malabar. a!,6-£?. Many spec: c?, $,&yg. Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. (Types.) 21. Kana rufescens. Pyxicephalus rufescens, Jerdon, Journ. Ai. Soc. 1854, p. 534 ; Gunth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 412. Lower surface of foot. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups extending a Uttle beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Head short ; snout rounded ; inter- orbital space half as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, not quite half the size of the eye. Eingers moderate, first extending much beyond second, nearly as long as third ; toes rather slender, webbed at the base ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle compressed, shovel-shaped, one 30 EANID*. third the length of the second toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the metatarsal tubercle reaches a little beyond the tip of the snout. Skin of the upper parts with large, rounded, very prominent warts. Greyish brown above, indistinctly marbled; legs transversely barred; throat brown-spotted, with a M-shaped blackish patch in the male. The latter with two much developed internal subgular vocal sacs. Malabar. "-^if-V- d', $, & yg. Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. 22. Kaua tuberculosa. Pyxicephalus rugosuS; Oiinth, Proc. Zool. Soo. 1864, p. 479, pi. 33. f. 1. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanse. Head short ; snout rounded ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the size of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending slightly beyond second ; toes moderate, one-third webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes mode- rate ; inner metatarsal tubercle compressed, shovel-like, half as long as the second toe ; no other metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the metatarsal tubercle reaches beyond the tip of the snout. Skin of upper surfaces with prominent glandular folds and tubercles. Brown above, darker marWed ; a light vertical spot on the loreal region, between eye and nostril ; sometimes a light vertebral stripe. W. Africa. a-b. 2 ■ Pungo Andongo. Mr. Welwitsch [0.]. (TypesO V. 2- "W.Africa. Prof. Barboza du Bocage [P-]. 28. Raua uatalensis. Tomoptema natalensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 129. Pyxicephalus natalensis, Smith, III. S. Afr., Rept, App. p. 23 ; Oiinth Froc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 401. '«-!-. Tomoptema labrosa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 111. Pyxicephalus madagascariensis, Qrandid. Ann. So. Nat. ser 5 t xv 1872, a. 20, p. 9. " ' " ' Vomerine teeth in two scarcely oblique groups between the choanse. Head moderate ; snout moderate ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, two thirds the size of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending a little beyftnd second ; toes moderate, half webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle compressed, shovel-shaped, half the length of the second toe ; no other metatarsal tubercle. The 2. BANA. 31 hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the metatarsal tubercle reaches nearly the tip of the snout. Skin smooth. Greyish brown above, dark-marbled ; sides of head dark, with a vertical light spot between eye and nostril ; legs cross-barred. S. Africa; Madagascar. a. ? . Natal. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 6. ¥ . Madagascar. 24. Eana cordofana. Pyxicephalus cordofanua, Steindachn. Novara, Amph. p. 8. Tongue less emarginate. Lower jaw with tooth-like prominences in front. Head moderate ; snout rather long ; tympanum rather indistinct. Toes incompletely webbed, fourth nearly twice as long as third ; inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-like, very large ; a small tubercle opposite to it. Grey above, brown-marbled. Cordofan. 25. Rana delalandii. Tomopterna delalandii, Gunth. Cat. p. 7. Tomopterna marmorata, Giinth. I. c. Pyxicephalus delalandii, {Bibr.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 84 ; Dum. ^ Bibr. p. 446, pi. 87. fig. 1; Smith, III. S. Afr., Eept., App. p. 23; Stein^ dachn. Novara, Amph. p. 8. marmoratus, Peters, Arch. f. Naturg. 1855, p. 66. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups extending a little beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Habit stout. Head short ; snout rounded ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid ; tym- panum distinct, half the size of the eye. Eingers moderate, first extending a little beyond second; toes moderate, half webbed ; sub- articular tubercles . of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-like, two thirds the length of the second toe ; an indistinct outer metatarsal tubercle. The bind limb being carried forwards along the body, the metatarsal tubercle reaches a little beyond the eye. Skin .of the upper surfaces with smooth rounded warts. Olive or brown above, often with one or three light dorsal Unes ; throat of the males brown. Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. 8. and E. Africa. a. S- S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. h. Young. S. Africa. c-h. cJ , ? , & yg. Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.l i. Young. Near Antolo. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 32 BANID^. V 26. Eana breviceps. Sphaerotlieca strigata, Oiinth.. Cat. p. 20, pi. ii. f . A. Tomoptema delalandii, Giinth, I. c. p. 129. Eana breviceps, Sehneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 142 ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 76. Pyxicephalus fodiena, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. 1864, p. 634. pluvialia, Jerdon, I, c. Tomoptema strigata, Gfiinth. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 166. Pyxicephalus breviceps, Gunih. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 411 ; Theobald, Cat. Sept. As. Soc. Mm. p. 80 ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 200. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups, extending a little beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Habit stout. Head short ; snout rounded ; occiput swollen ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, half the size of the eye. Pingers mioderate, first extending much beyond second, nearly as long as third ; toes moderate, half webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-shaped, nearly as long as second toe ; no other metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the metatarsal tubercle reaches the eye, or somewhat beyond. Skin of upper parts smooth, with some scattered tubercles. Light brown or olive above, darker marbled ; often a light vertebral stripe, and sometimes another on the upperside of each fiank ; throat of the males blackish, that of the females generally brown-spotted. Male with two much-developed internal subgular vocal sacs. India. a Female. Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit [C.]. b. Several spec. : d',?, Madras. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. ] Types of & yg. [P.]. ( Spheero- u. Chefoo. E. Swinhoe [0.1. r)r), 66--W. Many spec. : Shanghai. E. Swinhoe fCl c?,$,&yg. MF- "• Chusan. w-oo, TTTT. cj, 5, & yg. Ningpo. 40. Kana porosa. Tomoptema porosa,. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 111. Vomerine teeth in two groups between the choanae. Head mode- rate ; tympanum nearly as large as the eye. Pirst finger longer than second ; toes nearly completely webbed ; inner metatarsal tubercle shovel-like. The- hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the metatarsal tubercle reaches beyond the tip of the snout. A glandular dermal fold from above the tympanum to above groin on the side ; the greatest par^ of the upper eyelid glandular and covered with pores. Brown above, with dark grey shades ; sometimes an imperfect pale vertebral line; sides handsomely marbled with white below and grey above. Kanagawa, Japan. 41. Eana utricnlaria. Eana utricularia, Harlan, SUlim. Journ. x. p. 69, and Joum Ac Philad. V. p. 337. ' ' halecina, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 18.56, p. 141. berlandieri, Baird, V. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Sept. p. 27, pi. 36. This Frog is certainly distinct from H. Jmlecina, though very closely allied to it, as, according to the authors quoted above, the 2. EANA. 41 male is provided ■with an external vocal vesicle behind each angle of the mouth. Upper part of each flank with a well-marked row of pores, which does not exist in R. Tialecina. United States. 42. Hana areolata. Rana areolata, Baird 8f Oir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 173 ; Baird, U. S. Mex. Bound. Smii. pi. 36. f. 11, 12. Appears to be closely allied to R. Jialedna and utricularia, but the head is larger and the spots of the back are smaller and more mimeroua. Male with an external vocal vesicle on each side behind the angle of the mouth. South of North America. 43. Rana halecina. Kana halecina, Ounth. Cat. p. 13. Rana halecina, Kcdm, Ifer Amer. iii. p. 46 ; Daud. Bain. p. 63, and Kept. viii. p. 122 ; Merr. Tent. p. 175 ; Holhr. N.-Amer. Herp. i. p. 89, pi. 13 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 79 ; Bum. 8f Bibr. p. 352 ; Dehay, N. Y. Faun., Bept. p. 62, pi. 22. f. 60 ; Cooper, U. S. Expl. Siirv. xii. part ii. pi. xxix. f. 1 ; Brocchi, Miss. Sc. Mex., Batr. p. 10. virginiana, Laur. Syn. Kept. p. 31. pipiens, Ornel. S. N. iii. p. 1052 ; Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 51 ; Schreb. Naturf. xviii. p. 182, pi. 4 ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 133; Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 106, pi. 32; Leeonte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1855, p. 423. palustris, Guerin, loonogr. Bept. pi. 26. f. 1. oxyrhynchus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 142. Vomerine teeth in two scarcely oblique groups between the choansB. Head moderate ; snout .rather pointed; interorbital space half as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Pingers moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes not quite webbed to the end ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes well developed ; inner metatarsal tubercle very small, blunt ; no outer one. The hind Jimb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches nearly the tip of the snout. A prominent, narrow, glandular lateral fold. Olive or greyish brown above, with regular oval or rounded dark-brown,^ light-edged spots ; legs cross-barred ; beneath immaculate. Male with two little-developed internal vocal sacs. North and Central America. a-b. Yg. c. $. d-e. $. g. 5, skeleton. Laie "Winnipeg. Canada. United States. N. America. N. America. Sir J. Richardson [P.]. Sir f. Smith [P.]. Smithsonian Institution. Lord Ampthill. Edward Douhleday, Esq. [P.]. h. cJ. i-k. ?. Mexico. Coban. 42 . EANIDJE, I. 5 . Diieuas. O. Salvin, Esq. [0 m-o. (S 2 ■ Lanquin, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [0 44. Bana palustris. Eana palustris, Oiinih. Cat. p. 14. Eana palustris, Leconte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. i. p. 282 ; Ha/rlan, Sillim. Journ. X. p. 59, and Joum. Ac. PhUad. v. p. 339 ; Dum. 8; Bibr. p. 356 ; Holhi: N.-Amei: Harp. iv. p. 95, pi. 23 ; Bekay, K Y. Faun., Mept. p. 62, pi. 62. f. 6 ; Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1855, p. 424 ; Wied, Nova Acta Ac. Leap, xxxii. p. 114. ■ • pardalis, Hat-Ian, Amer. Journ. x. p. 50. Closely allied to H. Jialedna. Glandular lateral folds much, broader and less prominent ; two similar folds between them. Spots of the back subquadrangular ; legs regularly barred. Male with two internal vocal sacs. United States. a. 5 • Philadelphia. b-c. S. N. America. Sir A. Smith [P.]. d^e,f, g, h-h, I. S 2- N. America. 45. Bana macroglossa. Rana macroglossa, Brocchi, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. p. 177, and Mm. Sc. Mex., Batr. p. 12, pi. iii. f. 1. Very closely allied to, if different from, R. hdleeina. Tympanum smaller, about half the size of the eye. Guatemala. 46. Bana macnlata. Rana maculata, Brocchi, Bidl. Soc. Philom. (J) i. p. 178, and Miss. Sc. Mex., Batr. p. 13, pi. iii. f. 2. Differs from R. halecina chiefly in the first finger not being longer than second, the slight development of the subarticular tubercles of the toes, and the shorter head. Totonioapam, Mexico. 47. Bana lecontii. Rana lecontsi, GUnth. Cot. p. 15. Rana lecontei, Baird Sr Gir. P-oc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 301 ; Brocchi, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. p. 179, and Miss. Sc. Mex., Batr. p. 14, pi. iv. f. 1. Vomerine teeth in two oblique greups between the choanfB. Head much longer than broad; snout rather pointed; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum somewhat more than half the size of the eye. Kngers moderato, first extending scarcely beyond second ; toes not entirely webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes weU developed ; a single, small, oval, inner meta- 2. KANA. 43 tarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout, or a little beyond. , A narrow glandular lateral fold. Brown above, with round dark spots ; a dark temporal spot. California ; Mexico. a-b, c. Hgr. Mexico. M. Sall6 [0.]. d-e. Hgr. Vera Cruz. 48. Raua nigricans. Rana nigricans, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 96 ; Bovleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1880, p. 207 ; Brocchi, Miss. So. Max., Batr. p. 15, pi. iv. f. 3. ? Rana boylii, Baird, Proo. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 62. Rana longipes, Hallow. U. 8. Expl. Surv. x. 1859, iv. Zool. p. 20, pi. X. f. 1. Vomerine 'teeth in two nearly straight oval groups between the choanoB. Head moderate ; snout short, rounded ; interorbital space at least as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the size of the eye. Engers moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes moderate, not entirely webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate; inner metatarsal tubercle smaU, blunt; outer tubercle none, or obtuse. The hind limb being stretched forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye, or a little beyond. Glandular lateral folds not prominent (in the adult), much further apart than in Rana fusca. Dark brown above, with small darker spots ; legs barred across ; beneath either whitish, scarcely or not spotted, or greyish brown, vermiculated with whitish; hinder side of thighs blackish, white-marbled. Large species. W. N. America. a-h. 5 . Pacific Coast of N. America, c. Yg. California. 49. Hana pretiosa. Rana pretiosa, Baird Sr Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 378 ; Baird, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1855, p. 378 ; Gir. U. 8. Expl, Exped., Herp. p. 20, pi. 2. S. 13-18 ; Cooper, U. 8. Expl. Surv. xii. part ii. p. 304; Bouleny. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1880, p. 208. Vomerine teeth in two narrow oblique groups extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Head moderate, rather depressed ; snout moderate, rounded ; interorbital space not quite so broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum two thirds the diameter of the eye, rather distant from' it. Pingers rather slender, pointed, first extending beyond second ; toes incompletely webbed ; subarti- cular tubercles of fingers and toes small ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, blunt ; a small, conical, very prominent tubercle at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation does not reach the tip of the snout. Grandular lateral fold not very prominent. Greyish brown above, 44 KANIDJJ. dark-spotted ; a brown temporal spot ; a -white line from beneath the eye to the extremity of that spot ; beneath spotted with grey. Male apparently ■without vocal sacs. W. N. America. a-d- d, 2,&Jg- Sumas Prairies. Lord J. Kussell [P.]. 50. Eana temporaria. Rana temporaria, var. platyrhinus, Ounth. Cat. p. 16. Mosel, Hist. Han. p. 1, pis. 1-8. Rana temporaria, part., Z. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 357. muta, Laur. Syn. liept. p. 30. temporaria, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 113 ; Zatr. Sal. p. 37, and Sept. ii. p. 150 ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 97 ; Baud. Rain. p. 46, pi. 15, and Bept. viii. p. 94; Merrem, Tent. p. 175; Fenn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 9 ; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 300 ; Bmap. Faun. Ital. ; Schinz, Faun. Helv. p. 143 ; Tschvdi, Batr. p. 79 ; Bell., Brit. Eept. p. 84; Bum. (^ Bilrr. p. 359; Koch, Ber. Senck. Oes. 1872, p. 135 ; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 321 ; De Beita, Faun. Ital., Bett. Anf. p. 64; Lessona, Atti Ac. Lincei, Mem. CI. Sc.-Jis. i. p. 1068, pi. ii. flaviventria. Millet, Faun. Maine et Loire, ii. p. 663. cruenta, Pallas, Zoogr. Boss.-As. p. 12. alpina, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. mSr. iii. p. 93 ; Bonap. I. c. scotica. Bell, I. e. p. 102. platyrrhinus, Steenstr. Amtl. Ber. 24. Vers. Kiel, p. 131. fusca. Be I'Isle, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, xvii. 1873 ; Leydig, An. Batr. p. 116 ; Bouleng.Butt. Sac. Zool. France, 1879, p. 164; HSrnn Boyer, Bull. Ac. Belg. (3) i. no. 2, p. 1-39. temporaria, var. platyrrhina, Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 126. dyhowaliii, Qunth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. 1876, xvu. p. 387. Vomerine teeth, in two smaU oblique groups extending beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Head moderate ; snout short, blunt ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. Pingers moderate, first extend- ing beyond second ; toes at least two-thirds webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner ijaetatarsal tubercle small, obtuse; outer tubercle none or scarcely distinct. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articu- lation reaches hardly the tip of the snout. A moderately prominent glandular lateral fold. Upper parts greyish or brown, more or less spotted with dark brown or black ; a more or less intense dark tem- poral spot ; a light line from below the eye to the extremity of the temporal spot ; sides of body largely spotted ; limbs transversely barred ; beneath more or less spotted. Male with two internal vocal sacs. Europe ; Northern and Temperate Asia. a. Many spec. ; d , S ; & yg- Scotland. b, c. Skeletons. England. d-e,f-h. d2- England. i, h. 3 $ (stuifed). Cambridgeshire. Ir-m. $ & hgr. Surrey. Museum Leach, 2. EANA. 45 n- ? . Exeter. Museum Leach. 0. ? . Killarney. Rev. E, Eaton [P.]. p, q, r-w. d' , ? , Hanover. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. ••«'-2/- d ? . Coruna. M. V. L. Seoane [0.]. zi. d- Sinua Abrek, E. Prof.Taczanowski[P.]. Siberia. (Type of Rana dybowsldi.) 51. Rana arvalis. Rana temporaria, var. oxyrbinus et arvalia, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 16. Rana temporaria, Linn. Faun. Smc. i. p. 94. temporaria, part., L. Syst. JS'at. ed." 12, p. 357. arvalis, Nilsson, Skand. Faun. iii. p. 42; Collin, Naturh. Tidsakr. 1870, p. 291 ; Leydig, An. Batr. p. 129 ; Bouleng. Ball. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 169. oxyixhinus, Steenstr. Amtl. Ber. 24. Vers. Kiel, p. 1-31 ; Siebold, Arch.f. Naturg. 1852; Koch, Ber. Senck. Oes. 1872, p. 135 ; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 345. temporaria, var. oxyrrbina, Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 126, Vomerine teeth in two oblique oval groups extending beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Head moderate ; snout rather short, pointed, prominent; intororbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes at least two- thirds webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle strong, compressed, more than half the length of the first toe ; no outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation does not reach the tip of the snout. A very prominent glandular lateral ■ fold. Coloration much as in Rana fusca ; sometimes a light, dark- edged vertebral stripe ; belly immaculate. Male with two internal vocal sacs. i^ East Europe ; West Asia. a, b-d. cf, ?, & yg. Sweden. Prof. SundevaU [P.]. e, yg. Bohuslan. Hr. Malm [P.]. /. $ . Hanover. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. g-h. 5 & yg. North Germany. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. i. Yg. Albistan. 0. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. 52. Bana cantabrigensis. Rana temporaria, var. silvatica, part., Qiinth. Cat. p. 17. Rana sylvatica, Bekay, N. Y. Faun. iii. p. 64, pis. 21, 22 ; Bouleng. Butt. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 174. cantahrigensis, Baird, Pi-oc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 62; Bovleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 209. Vomerine teeth in two oval oblique groups extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanae. Head rather depressed ; 46 EANID^. snout rather elongate, acuminate ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum hardly two thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes incom- pletely webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, rather prominent; no outer tubercle. The hind limbs as in Eana fusca. Glandular lateral fold rather prominent. Colour much as in B. fusca and arvalis ; sometimes a light, dark-edged vertebral line. Male with two internal vocal sacs. North America. a. Hgr. S ■ Lake Winnipeg. Sir J. Richardson [P.l b. Several spec, Great Bear Lake. Sir J. Richardson [P.]. hgr. & yg. c. 5 ■ North America. 53. Eana iberica. Rana ibeiica, BnuUng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 177. Closely allied to Bona fusca. Tympanum smaller, not more than half the diameter of the eye ; first finger not extending beyond second ; hind limb longer, the tibio-tarsal articulation, extending beyond the tip of the snout. Male without vocal sacs. Spain, Portugal. 54. Sana latastii. Rana latastei, Bouhng. I. c. 1879, p, 180. Closely allied to Bana agilis. Tympanum smaller, scarcely two thirds the size of the eye, distant from it. Beneath spotted. Male without vocal sacs. « Milan. 55. Rana agilis. Rana temporaria, var. arvalia, part., Oiinth. Cat. p. 16. Rana temporaria, MiUet, 'Faune Maine et Loire, ii. p. 664. agilis, Thomas, Ann. So. Nat. s&x. 4, iv. p. 365, pi. 7 : Fatio, Rev. Mag. Zool. aer. 2, xiv. p. 81, pis. 6 & 7, and Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 333 ; De Vlsle, Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 5, xvii. ; Be Betta, Faun. Ital, Rett. Anf. p. 65 ; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 233 ; Leudig, An. Bab: p. 143 ; Zessona, Atti Ac. Lincei, Mem. CI. Sc.-fls. i, p. 1074 pi. iii. ; Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 183. ' ' gracilis, Fatio, Rev. Mag. Zool. s^r. 2, xiv. p. 81. temporaria, var. agilis, Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 125.' Vomerine teeth in two oblique oval groups extending beyond the hinder edge of the choanse. Head depressed ; snout rather elongate, subacuminate ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid • tympanum very nearly as large as the eye, close to it. Pingers 2. EANA. 47 moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes at least two-thirds webbed ; subartioular tubercles of Angers and toes much developed ; inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, blunt, rather strong ; a small outer tubercle. A narrow glandular lateral fold. Above greyish brown, dark-spotted ; a very dark temporal spot ; a light line on the lip from the tip of the snout to the extremity of the temporal spot ; hind limbs regularly cross-barred ; beneath immaculate. Male without vocal sacs. France, Switzerland, N. Italy, Austria, Greece. a-h. c?. Paris. M. F. Lataste [P.]. c-d. cS 2 . Bononia. Prof. J. J. Bianconi [P.], 56. Kana silvatica. Rana temporaria, var. silvatica, part., Ounih. Cat. p. 17. Kana sylvatica, Leconte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. i. p. 232 ; Ilarlan, SilUm. Journ. ser. 1, x. p. 58, and Journ. Ac. Philad. v. part ii. p. 338 ; Holbr. N.-Amer. Herp. i. p. 95, pi. 15 ; Dum. ^ Bibr. p. 362 ; Wied, Nova Acta Ac. Leap, xxxvii. p. 114 ; De VIsle, Ann. So. Nat. ser. 5, xvii. penaylvanica, Harlan, Sillim. Journ. I. c. ; Souleng. Bull. Soc. Zoot.tPranee, 1879, p. 188. Very closely allied to R. agilis. Tympanum not quite so close to the eye. The tibio-tarsal articulation extends to the tip of the snout or somewhat beyond. According to De I'lsle, the male is provided with two internal vocal sacs. North America. Or-c. 5 • N. America. Edward Doubleday, Esq. [P.]. d^e. Yg. N. America. Dr. J. Green [P.]. /, ^-t, k-l. 5 , N. America. hgr., & yg. Y^hl. Eana japonica. Rana temporaria, var. japonica, Oiinth. Cat. p. 17. Rana temporaria, Schleg. Fawri. Japan., Rept. p. 109, pi. 3. silvatica, part., Hallow. Pi-oc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 500 ; Cfiinth. Sept. Brit. Ind. p. 409 ; Camerano, Atti Ac. Torino, 1879, p. 876. japonica, Bmdeng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 190. Resembles very much R. agilis and sylvatica. Snout longer stiU ; tympanum smaller than in R. agilis., not so close to the eye. Tihio- tarsal articulation reaching beyond the tip of the snout. No outer metatarsal tubercle. A light line from beneath the eye to the ex- tremity of the temporal spot; belly immaculate. Male with two internal vocal sacs. ' Japan, China. a-c. ? & hgr. d. ?. a. ?. f-g. $ & yg. Japan. Leyden Museum. Szechuen. R. Swinhoe [C.]. Ningpo. China. R. Swinhoe [0.]. 48 RANIDiE. 58. Rana guentheri. (Plate IV. fig. 2.) Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series commencing close to the inner front edge of the choanae. Head moderate, depressed ; snout rather long, suhacuminate, with distinct canthus rostralis ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Eingers rather slender, first extending beyond second; toes moderate, rather more than two- thirds webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes well deve- loped ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval; a rather indistinct tubercle at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being carried -forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches nearly the tip of the snout. A moderately prominent glandular lateral fold ; another from beneath the eye to the shoulder. Grey above, spotted with black on the sides ; glandular lateral fold black-edged : tympanum reddish brown ; hind limbs cross-barred ; hinder side of thighs black and white marbled; beneath yellowish, the throat speckled with brown. Prom snout to vent 80 millim. S. China. a-h. 2 . Amoy. R. Swinhoe [P.]. e. Yg. China. 59. Bana palmipes. Rana palmipes, Spix, Nov. Spec. Test. Ran. p. 29, pi. 5. f. 1 ; Peters, Man. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 205, & 1878, p. 622. juninensis, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 64. Ranula gollmeri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 402. Rana affinis, Peters, I. a. p. 402, & 1871, p. 402. aifinis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 130, & 1868, p. 117. Pohlia palmipes, Stdndachn. Novara, Amph. p. 15, pi. i. f . 5 ; Giinth. Zool. Pec. IV. p. 147. Rana vaillanti, Brocchi, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. p. 175, and Miss. Sc. Mex., Batr. p. 11, pi. ii. f. 1. Vomerine teeth in two small groups on a level with the hinder edge of the choanae. Head moderate ; snout rounded ; interorbital space nearly as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, at least two thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending slightly beyond second ; toes moderate, with small ter- minal disks, entirely webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes not much developed ; a single, small, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches generally between the eye and the tip of the snout. A moderately prominent glandular lateral fold ; another glandular fold from beneath the eye to the shoulder. Olive or brown above, immaculate or with small blackish spots ; limbs cross- barred; hinder side of thighs black and whitish marbled ; yellowish white beneath, with small brownish specks on the throat or rounded brown spots on the belly and under the thighs. Male without vocal sacs. C, and 8. America. 2. EiNA. 49 "■ Yg. Mexico. M. Sall^ I C.J. *• d ■ Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.l. c- 2 ■ Duefias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. 'C.l. d-e. (J . Lanquin, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [0.1. /. ?. Pebas. » H L J g-J>- S • Canelos, Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [0.1. »"■ ? . Sarayacu, Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [0.]. 60. Eana copii. Ranula brevipalmata, Cope, Proc. Ac. PhUad. 1874, p. 131. Nearly allied to Rana palmipes, but with the web of the toes reaching only the bases of the ultimate, or, in the fourth toe, the penultimate phalange. Tympanum as large as the eye. The tibio- tarsal articulation reaches the anterior border of the orbit. Above olive ; below white ; femora and tibiae marbled with black behind. Nauta, Upper Amazon. 61. Eana nigrilatus. Ranula nigrilatus, Cope, I. c. AUied to JRana palmipes. Head longer ; tympanum two thirds the width of the eye ; first and second fingers equal ; a tarsal dermal fold ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior border of orbit. Dark brown above ; sides black ; femora and tibiae black, marbled behind ; lower surfaces closely marbled with dark brown. Nauta. 62. Bana chrysoprasiua. Ranula chrysoprasiua, Cope, JProc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 130. Trypheropsis chrysoprasinus, Cope, Proa. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 117, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (u. s.) viii. 1876, p. 114, pi. 23. f. 12. Vomerine teeth in two small convergent fasciculi behind opposite nares. Snout acuminate, projecting ; tympanum two thirds the width of the eye. Toes- fully and widely palmate ; tips of fingers and toes slightly dilated ; one minute metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articula- tion reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Skin sha- greened above ; a glandular fold on each side. Coloiir brilliant lac- green, the groin and beUy approaching golden ; a golden band from lip to shoulder and a faint one on each side of the back ; limbs above, and tarsus and forearm below, black, the femur with a few golden spots on black ground behind ; head dark above ; from eye to shoul- der black ; below pale yellowish green immaculate, except some dark shades on sternal regions. Costa Rica. 50 EANTB*. 63. Eana ceeruleopunctata. Eana cseruleopunctata, Steindachn. Verh. zool.-lot. Ges. Wien, J864, p. 264, pi. ]6. f. 1. Eanula cteruleopunctata, Cope, Proa. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 180. Hylarana cseruleopunctata, Steindachn. Novara, Amph. p. 48. Vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanae. Head moderate ; snout acuminate, with distinct canthus rostralis ; tym- panum two thirds the width of the eye. Pingers moderate, first not extending beyond second ; toes two-thirds webbed ; tips of fingers and toes slightly dilated ; subarticular tubercles well developed ; a small oval inner, and a small rounded outer metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards alojig the body, the tibio- tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Skin of the upper parts shagreened ; a narrow glandular lateral fold ; a glandular fold from the angla of the mouth to the shoulder. Above reddish brown, spotted with darker ; hind limbs cross-barred ; hinder side of thighs with yellow spots. America ? 64. Eana fascigula. Rana fuscigula, Giinth. Cat. p. 18. Eana fuscigula, Dum. Sr Bibr. p. 386 ; Smith, III. 8. Afr., Rept, App. p. 22. Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique oval groups on a level with the hinder edge of the ohoanse. Head moderate ; snout rounded, with rather indistinct canthus rostralis ; interorbital space as broad as, or nearly as broad as, the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the size of tlie eye. Fingers moderate, first not extending beyond second ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed ; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; a single, small, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between eye and tip of snout. Skin smooth, or with elongate warts along the back. Brown above ; sometimes alight vertebral stripe ; white below, with brown spots on the throat and breast. Male with two internal vocal sacs. W. and S. Africa. a. ? . West Africa. L. Eraser [C.]. J-e. 2. Sierra Leone. Sir A. Smith [P.]. d. 2 ■ Cape of Good Hope. Earl of Derbv TP 1 e,f. v ■ ■ nigrescens, Stemdachn. I, c f. 2. anchietee, Bocage, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1867, p. 843. 2. KAN A. 53 Rana porosissima, Steindachn. Nbvara, Amph. p. 18, pi. 1. f. 9. subpu jctata, Socage, Jorn. 8c. lAsb. 1868, i. p. 73. abyBsiuica, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1881, p. 163. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series commencing from the inner front edge of the choanse. Head moderate ; snout pointed, variable in length ; interorbital space as broad as, or rather narrower than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the width of the eye. Pingers moderate, first not extending beyond second ; toes slender, two-thirds webbed ; subartieular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle ; no outer one. Hind limb very variable in length ; carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches either the eye, or beyond the snout, or between these two points. Six or eight glandular folds along theback, the outer generally more prominent ; a strong glandular fold from beneath the eye to the arm. Brown or olive above, darker spotted ; sometimes a light dorsal stripe ; limbs dark-banded ; hinder side of thighs black, white-marbled ; beneath immaculate. Male with two black external vocal vesicles opening by two slits below the lower jaw. Africa. a-c. (S . d. Several spec, hgr. e-f. c??. 9- S- h. d. i-h. (S. Z. Hgr. ni-o. (J 5 . p-q. 2 & hgr. r-u. Hgr., S, & V. Yg. W-X. cj. !/. c?. Zr-a. Yg. Barbary. Gambia. Gaboon. Gaboon. Sierra Leone. Braganca, Angola. Abyssinia. Sooroo Pass, Abyssinia. Sooroo Pass, Abyssinia. Ain Samhar. Zanzibar. Seychelles. Mauritius. Madagascar. A. Newton, Esq. [P.]. Sir A. Smith [P.J. H. Ansell, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Ji. mperciliaris.) Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. Sir A. Smith [P.]. W. Jesse, Esq. [0.]. W. T. Blanford;Esq. fP.]. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. Sir J. Kirk [0.1. Dr. P. Wright [P.]. Charles Darwin, Esq. [P.]. 70. Eana grayi. Rana grayi, CHinth. Cat. p. 18. Rana grayi, Smith, lU. S. Afr., Rept. pi. 78. f. 2. Strongylopus grayi, Steind. Novara, Amph. p. 21. Vomerine teeth in two long, scarcely oblique series, transversely on a level with the front edge of the choanse. Head moderate; snout rather short, rounded ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyeUd ; tympanum distinct, half the size of the eye. Pmgers rather slender, first extending slightly beyond second ; toes slender, webbed at the base ; subartieular tubercles of fingers and toes mode- rate ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval, very prominent ; no outer 54 ItANID^. tubercle. The hind limb laeing carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout, or somewhat beyond. Skin with narrow, interrupted glandular folds along the back. Light brown above, with rounded, sometimes confluent dark brown spots ; sometimes a light vertebral line or a broad unspotted zone along the middle of the back ; a dark temporal spot ; beneath immaculate. Male with two internal vocal sacs. S. Africa. a-c. 5 & yg- South Africa. d-h.2- South Africa, Sir A. Smith [P-l. i-k. S . Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.!- l-m. d. Kaffraria. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.]^ 71. Eaua fasciata. Rana fasciata, Giinth. Cat. p. 20. Strongylopus fasciatus, (JBoie) Tsvhudi, Batr. p. 79 ; Stand. Novara, Amph. p. 21. Rana fasciata, Dum. Sr Bibr. p. 389 ; Smith, III. S. Afr., Bept. pi. 78. delalandii. Bell, Zoo!. Beagle, Bept. v. 31, pi. 16. f. 1. Strongylopus oxyrhynchus, Fitzing. Sitao. Ac. Wien, xlii. p. 414. Vomerine teeth in two long, nearly straight series, transversely on a level with ,the front edge of the choansB. Head moderate ; snout long, rather pointed ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, half the size of the eye. Eingers slender, first not extending beyond second ; toes very slender, fourth at least as long as the distance between vent and tympanum, webbed at the base; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval, little prominent ; no outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches much beyond the tip of the snout. Skin of the back with rather indistinct longitudinal folds. Light brown above, with four or six longitudinal dark brown stripes on the back ; a dark temporal spot ; beneath im- maculate. Male with two internal vocal sacs. S. Africa. o. S . S. Africa. C. Darwin, Esq. [P.]. (Ori- ginal specimen ot Prof. Bell's description and figure.) b, 0. Several spec. : S. Africa. Sir A. Smith fP 1 c?,$,&yg. ^ ^ d. $ . Kafiraria. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.]. |, 72. Rana macrodactyla. Hylarana macrodactyla, Oilnth. Cat. p. 72, pi. ii. f. 0. Hylorana macrodactyla, Ounth. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 424 • Stoliczka Proc. As. Soo. 1872, p. 104. ' ' or-h. $ & hgr. Hong Kong. J. 0. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. c-d. 5 & hgi'. China. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. e. Hgr. CMna. 2, BANA. 55 Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the choanae. Head moderate, depressed ; snout long, subaouminate ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Fingers slender, first not extending beyond second; toes very slender, fourth about as long as the distance between vent and tympanum, half webbed ; tips of fingers and toes slightly swollen ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; inner metatarsal tubercle very small ; a small outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches beyond the tip o£ the snout. A narrow glandular lateral fold. Brown above, spotted with darker; glaniular folds and a vertebral line light ; beneath immaculate. S. China ; Birmah. Types. U^3. Rana andersonii. Polypedates yunnanensis, Anders, Anat. Zool. Mes. Yunnan, p. 846, pi. 78. f. 3. Vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanse. Head moderate ; snout short, rounded, with rounded canthus rostralis ; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, half the width of the eye. Pingers moderate, first not extending beyond second ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into very small disks ; subarticular tubercles rather small ; a single, small, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio- tarsal articulation reaches beyond the tip of the snout. Flat warts- on the sides of the body ; a fold above the tj'mpanum. Olive above, indistinctly spotted ; limbs cross-barred ; beneath immaculate. Male with two internal vocal sacs. Yunnan. a. 3 . Hotha Valley, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. (One of the types.) 74. Rana beddomii. Polypedates beddomii, Cfiinth. Proe. Zool. Sac. 1876, p. 671, pi. 63. f. B*. brachytarsus, GiXnth. I. c. p. 672. Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique oval groups, just behind * In the table of measurements the length of the tarsus is indicated 11 millim. ; this is a misprint for 17. 56 KANIDiB. the level of the hinder edge of the ohoanse. A free, pointed, conical papilla on the middle of the tongue. Head moderate, rather Lower surface of foot. depressed ; snout obtuse, with moderate canthus rostralis ; inter- orbital space as broad as, or somewhat narrower than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the width of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending slightly beyond second ; toes two- thirds webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into small disks ;- subartioular tubercles well developed ; a single, small, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches generally beyond the tip of the snout. Skin of the back with short longitudinal glan- dular folds ; a strong glandular fold from the eye to the shoulder ; lower surfaces smooth. Light brown above, indistinctly spotted ; sometimes a light vertebral stripe ; a dark cross band between the eyes ; a black band along the canthus rostralis and a black temporal spot ; limbs more or less distinctly cross-barred ; beneath immacu- late. Male without vocal sac. W. India. a, b, c-g. Many spec. : S , hgr., & yg. h-i. Hgr. k. Several spec. Ir-n. $. o. Hgr. p. ?. q. Several spec. r-s. Yg. 6, Malabar. Travancore. Sevagherry. Anamallays. Anamallays. Sevagherry. Sevagherry. N. Canara. Types of Poly- ■ pedates bed- Col. Beddome" [0.]. Col. Beddome [0.]. Col. Beddome rc.]. Col. Beddome [OJ. Col. Beddome ) m :> -n j rc 1 / ^ypes of Poly- Col. Beddome C Pf"*^' *'■«- TQ -1 I mytarsiM. Col. Beddome [0.]. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 75. Kana semipalmata. (Piate IV. fig. 3.) Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique oval groups just behind the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Tongue with a free conical papilla in the middle. Head moderate, rather depressed • snout obtuse, with moderate canthus rostralis ; interorbital space' 2. EAMA. 57 as broad as the upper eyelid ; tyinpanum distinct, about as large as the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending a little beyond second j Lower surface of foot. toes half--webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated inta small disks ; subarticular tubercles well developed ; a single, small, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Skin of the back with short longitudinal glandular folds ; lower surfaces smooth. Brown above ; loreal and temporal regions blackish ; a dark cross band between the eyes ; limbs cross-barred ; throat and breast mottled with brown. Male without vocal sac. From snout to vent 36 miUim. This species is intermediate between JR. heddomii and R.'lepto- dactyla. It differs from both, by the much larger tympanum ; from the former, by the toes, which are only half webbed; from the latter, by the length of the first finger, which is superior to that of the second, and by the more extensive web between the toes. Malabar. a-b. S 2 • Malabar. Col. Beddome [0.]. 76. Rana leptodactyla. Polypedates brevipalmatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. iSoc. 1875, d. 572. Lower surface of foot. Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique oval groups just behind the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Tongue with a free, pointed, conical papilla in the middle. Head moderate, rather depressed ; snout blunt, with moderate canthus rostralis ; inter- orbital space as broad as, or rather narrower than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, half the width of the eye. Fingers moderate, first not extending as far as second ; toes one-third webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into small disks ; mbarticular tubercles well developed; a small, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind 58 KANID^, limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articu- lation reaches the tip of the snout, or beyond, the length of the limb being very variable. Skin of the back generally with short longitudinal glandular folds; lower surfaces smooth. Olive or brownish above, mottled with darker ; a more or less distinct sub- triangular dark spot between the eyes, often limited in front by a light cross band ; sometimes a light vertebral stripe ; a black band along the canthus rostralis, and a black temporal spot ; limbs cross- barred ; beneath, immaculate or spotted with brown, sometimes brown dotted with white. 8.W. India. 0-6. Many spec. : 5 , Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. hgr., & yg. c. Several spec, ? . Malabar. C!oL^«'l*°™«) Types of Po?y- ..?. Anamallays. Coi^i^^eddome [ ^l"^"'' e-g. Hgr. ? T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.], 77. Rana diplosticta. Ixalus diplostictus, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 574, pi. 63. f. c. This species is very closely allied to, and perhaps not different from, the preceding. The canthus rostralis is rather more angular and the loreal regions not quite so oblique. A black spot above the loin. Malabar. a-d. 2 & hgr. Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. (Types.) e-/. Hgr. Malabar. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 78. Bona margariana. Hylarana margariana, Anders. Anat. Zool. Res. Ynnnan, p. 846, pi. 78. f. 4. > f ' Vomerine teeth very feebly developed, in two oblique series between . the choanee. Head moderate, rather flat ; canthus rostralis rounded, with tho loreal region deeply concave ; tympanum distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Eingers moderate, flrst slightly longer than second, with a rudimentary web (?) ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed; a small elongated inner metatarsal tubercle; disks of fingers very feebly developed, of toes more strongly so. A narrow glandular fold from behind the eye along the side of the body. Olive- brown above, with a dark, almost blackish band from the snout through the eye, along the- sides of the groin, and a narrow pale line from below the eye to the shoulder ; limbs cross-barred ; throat and chest almost black from the profusion of dark-brown pustulations. Irawaddy, Yunnan. 2. EANA. 59 79. Rana elegans. (Plate V. fig. 1.) Hylarana albolaliris, part., Gfuntk. Cat. p. 143. Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series commencing close to the inner front edge of the choanae. Head moderate, rather de- pressed ; snout long, pointed ; interorhital space as broad as, or broader than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Pingers rather long, first extending beyond second ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed ; fingers and toes with slightly swollen tips and strong subarticular tubercles ; inner metatarsal tubprcle small, oval; a small rounded tubercle at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches nearly the tip of the snout. A prominent, rather broad, glandular lateral fold ; another from beneath the eye to beyond the shoulder. Eeddish brown above, sides of head and body darker ; a light line on the upper lip, sometimes missing ; flanks and hinder side of thighs marbled with dark brown ; beneath immaculate, or brown-spottod on the throat and breast. Male with a large flat gland at the base of the arm, and two much developed subgular vocal vesicles. "W". Africa. a-h. (3' 2 . W. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. c. 2 ■ ? Sir J. Richardson [P.]. 80. Rana albolabris. (Plate V. fig. 2.) Hylarana albolabris, Crunth. Cat. p. 73. Rana albolabris. Hallow. R-oc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 153. Limnodytes albolabris, A. Dum. Arch. Mm. x. p. 226, pi. 18. f. 2. Vomerine teeth in two small very oblique groups extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Head moderate, depressed ; snout long, rather pointed ; interorhital space as broad as, or somewhat broader than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Fingers rathfer long, first ex- tending beyond second; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed; " disks of fingers and toes well developed ; subarticular tubercles strong ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, rounded ; a rather indis- tinct tubercle at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches nearly the tip of the snout. A rather narrow glandular lateral fold ; a glandular fold from beneath the eye to the shoulder. Brown above, sides of head and body darker ; a white line on the upper lip ; limbs cross-barred ; whitish beneath, more or less spotted on the throat, breast, and limbs. Male with two internal vocal sacs, and a flat oval gland at the base of the arm. W. Africa. a, J. c? . Gaboon. 60 c. 2. Fernando Po. d5. Fernando Po. .. ?. Fernando P.O. Mr. Fraser [0.]. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 81. Eana macularia. Rana malalDarica, part., Qwnth. Cat. p. 11. Hylarana malabarica, part., Qimth. I. c. pp. 131 and 142. Limnodytes macularius, Slyth, Journ. As. Sob. xxiii. p. 299. Hylorana macularia, Ounth. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 425, pi. 26. f. C. ? Hylorana leptoglossa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 139. Yomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanse. Head moderate, depressed ; snout long, subacuminate ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, as large as the eye. Fingers slender, first extending beyond second ; toes slender, rather more than half webbed ; tips of fingers and toes slightly swollen ; subarticular tubercles well developed ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval; a rather large outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio- tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout, or nearly so far. A rather broad glandular lateral fold ; a short glandular fold from beneath the eye to the shoulder, followed by a row of more or less confluent glandules, simulating a second glandular fold. Brown above, sides of head and body darker ; some dark, sometimes con- fluent spots on the middle of the back ; upper lip and lower glandu- lar fold white ; hinder side of thighs blackish- and white-marbled ; beneath, immaculate or brown-spotted on the throat. Male with two not much developed external vocal sacs beneath the angle of the mouth. Ceylon. a. 2 . Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart. h,c,dr-e. c?, 2 ) & yg- Ceylon. 82. Sana malabarica. Eana malabarica, (Bibr.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 80 : Dum. &■ Bibr. p. 635, pi. 86.f. 1. Hylorana malabarica, Ounth. Mept. Brit. Ind. p. 426 ; StoUczka, Five. As. See. 1872, p. 105. Vomerine teeth in two oval oblique groups between the choanse. Head moderate, depressed ; snout moderate, subacuminate ; inter- orbital space rather narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes rather short, half webbed ; tips of fingers and toes swollen ; subarticular tubercles very strong ; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, blunt ; a large, rounded tubercle at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. A broad not very prominent glandular lateral fold ; a strong glandular fold 2. EANA. 61 from beneath the eye to the shoulder, followed by one or two glan- dules. Upper part of the head and back bright vinaceous red, some- times with a few black specks ; sides of head and body and upper part of limbs blackish brown, the latter beautifully marbled with whitish ; flanks with a series of white spots, sometimes confluent ; a white line on the upper lip ; beneath whitish, immaculate or brown- spotted, the spots sometimes covering nearly entirely the throat and breast. Malabar; Bombay. a. Several spec. : $ , hgr., & yg. Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. 6, c-d. Hgr. Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.]. 83. Bana galamensis. Rana galamensis, Bum. 8f Bibr. p. 367. Habit and proportions of B. malaharica. Series of vomerine teeth longer and wider apart ; web between the toes shorter ; sub- articular tubercles less developed ; glandular lateral fold narrower and more prominent ; a single metatarsal tubercle. Brown above ; loreal and temporal regions black ; a white line round the upper lip ; another white, black-edged line along each side of the body ; hinder side of thighs black- and white-marbled ; throat and chest brownish grey. Senegal. 84. Eana curtipes. Rana curtipes, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. xxii. p. 632. Pachybatraehus robustus, Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 567. Clinotarsus robustus, Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 227. Hylorana curtipes, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. 1870, p. 83. Vomerine teeth scarcely developed, sometimes indistinct, in two slightly oblique series on a level with the hinder edge of the choanffi. Head large ; snout short, rounded, with well-marked canthus ros- tralis ; interorbital space broader than upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, as large as the eye. Pingers moderate, first extending beyond second ; toes rather short, nearly entirely webbed ; tips of fingers and toes swollen ; subarticular tubercles much developed ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval ; a rather large, flat tubercle at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. A moderately prominent glandular lateral fold ; another behind the tympanum to the shoulder. Grey or brown above, with or without blackish dots ; lateral fold margined with blackish ; a blackish oblique spot below the eye ; light brown beneath, the throat some- times dark brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac. The recently transformed young have on each side of the back, 62 EANIDJE. behind the tympanum, a very distinct parotoid gland, as in Rana alticola. This gland generally disappears with age, though I see it quite distinct in a nearly adult female. Canara ; Malabar. • a. 5 . North Oanara. Col. Beddome [P.l. 6. Manyspee. : (?, Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. c-d. $ . ? Col. Beddome [C], T. C. Jerdbn, Esq. [P.]. ("As typical of Hana cnr- tipes.) e. (J . ■ ? Prof. St. George Mivart [P.]. (Type of Pacli;/- oatrachus robustvs.) 85. Rana alticola. Hyloraiia pipiens, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. 1870, p. 88 ; Stoliczha, Proc. As. Soc. 1872, p. 106. ? Hylorana nicobariensis, StoUcxka, Joum. As. Soc. 1870, p. 150, pi. 9. f. 2. Vomerine teeth not much developed, in two oblique series between the choanse. Head moderate, depressed ; snout rather long, more or less acuminate, with well-marked canthus rostralis ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds the size of the eye. Fingers rather slender, first not extending beyond second ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed ; tips of fingers and toes swollen into very distinct disks ; subartioular tubercles well developed, inner metatarsal tubercle very small, scarcely prominent ; a rather indistinct outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articu- lation reaches a little beyond the tip of the snout. A slightly prominent, narrow glandular lateral fold ; another fold from behind the tympanum to the shoulder. Light brown above, scarcely or not spotted ; sides of the head and back darker ; glandular folds whitish, black-margined ; limbs more or less distinctly cross-barred ; whitish beneath, the throat and breast sometimes nearly entirely covered with brown spots leaving a median line immaculate. The tadpole of this species is most remarkable, being provided on each side of the front of the back with a large oval parotoid, well defined, and crowded with pores. A similar, but elongate, glandular patch is seen above the root of the tail. The head and body are rather elongate, and pass gradually into the tail, which is very thick at the base and ends in an acute point ; the length of the tail is about twice that of head and body. The spiraculum is lateral, just below the middle of the left parotoid. The colour is uniform brown, lighter beneath, with a dark, light-edged ocellus on each side of the tail near its base. Keoently transformed young are still provided with very distinct parotoids and the parotoid-like patch on the hind part of the back ; they have not yet a glandular, lateral fold. Khasi Hills j Sikkim ; Moulmein. 2. EANA. 63 a. Many spec. : ? , hgr., ShiUong. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. CAs typical yg-j & larvae. of Hylorana pipiem.) *• Yg. Moulmein. Prof. W. K. Parker [P.]. Sana alticola. Larvse. 86. Rana temporalis. Rana malabarica, part., Gunth. Cat. p. 11. Hylarana malabarica, part., Oilnth. I. c. pp. 131 & 142. Hylarana malabarica, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. i. p. 191. P Rana flavescens, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. 1854, p. 531. Hylorana temporalis, Oiinth. Sept. Brit. Ind. p. 427, pi. 26. f. G ; and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 569. flavescens, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. 1870, p. 83. Vomerine teeth, in two oblique series extending beyond the level of the hinder edge of the choanse. Head moderate, depressed ; snont moderate, subacuminate ; loreal region strongly concave ; interor- 64 EANID^. bital space as broad as, or rather broader than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct, three fourths the size of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending slightly beyond second ; toes moderate, nearly entirely webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into rather large disks ; subarticular tubercles well developed ; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval ; a small outer metatarsal tubercle. The hind Umb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-taisal articu- lation reaches the tip of the snout, or a little beyond. A narrow glandular lateral fold. Brown above ; loreal and temporal regions, and sometimes also the sides of the body, dark brown ; limbs distinctly cross-barred ; throat and breast more or less specMed with brown. Male with two internal vocal sacs and an oval flat glaud on the inner side of the arm. Ceylon ; S. India. c-c, hgr., Ceylon. & yg. 0. Hgr. Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart [P.J. p. Several spec, ? & yg. Ceylon. Q. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. j-»-. Yg. Newera EUia. Dr. A. Giinther [P.]. g. 5 . S. Ceylon. 10. Rhacophorus pleurostictus. Polypedates pleurostictus, CfUnth. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 480, pi. 26. Resembles very much H. miorotympanwrn. Fingers rather longer 80 BANID^. (with bifurcate terminal phalanges) and more, distinctly webbed. Greenish or grejdsh above, with or without dark insuliform spots ; limbs cross-barred ; flanks and hinder side of thighs brown, the former marbled, the latter speckled with white. India. a. 5 . Madras. Zool. Soc. "I m b-c. $ & hgi'. Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].] ""yP^^- d. 2 . Ootocamund. F. Day E,sq. [P.]. e..Manyspeo.: Malabar. Col. Beddome [P.]. 5,hgi'.,&yg. f-g. Hgr. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [P.]. h-m. $ , hgr., Nilgherries. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 11. Bhacopliorns reticiQatus. Polypedates reticulatus, Oiinth. Mept. Brit. Ind. p. 431, pi. 26. f, F, and Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. xvii. 1876, p. 376, pi. 20. f. C. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanse. A conical papilla on the middle of the tongue. Snout rounded ; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum half the width of the eye. Fingers very slightly, toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks of fingers and toes as large as the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout, or slightly beyond. Skin smooth above, granu- lar beneath ; a narrow fold above the tympanum. Brown above, with small darker spots ; a more or less distinct dark cross band be- tween the eyes ; flanks and hinder side of thighs with a network of dark-brown lines ; legs indistinctly cross-barred ; throat brown- spotted. Ceylon. a. 5. Ceylon. (jTPe.) h-c. g & eggs. Ceylon. W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. d-e,f, Hgr. Ceylon. g. 2- 0. Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. ^^/12. Ehacophorus jerdonii. (Piate VIII. fig. 1.) Polypedates jerdonii, Oiinth. Pt-oe. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 671. Vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanse. Snout rounded ; canthus rostralis rounded ; loreal region very slightly con- cave ; nostril equally distant from the tip of the snout and the eye ; interorbital spade broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum one third the width of the eye. Fingers distinctly webbed ; toes two- 3. KHACOPHOEtrs. 81 thirds webhed ; disks larger ttan the tympanum ; subarticular tu- bercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth, granular on the belly and under the thighs ; a fold above the tympanum. Greyish above, forehead and sides of the body lighter ; legs irregularly cross-barred ; hinder side of thighs colourless ; throat brown-spotted. Male with an internal vocal sac. DarjeeUng. a-b. S ? • Darjeeling. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (Types.) V^3. Rhacophorus dubius. (Piate VIII. fig. 2.) Ixalus jerdonii, Oiinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 675. Vomerine teeth ? Tongue with a free conical papilla in the middle. Snout roiinded ; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region slightly concave ; nostril equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tym- panum one third the width of the eye. Eingers slightly, toes two- thirds webbed ; disks of fingers as large as the tympanum, of toes rather smaller ; subarticular tubercles well developed ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth above, granular beneath ; a fold from the eye to the shoulder. Eed- dish brown above, with indistinct markings ; thighs colourless in front and behind. Though the single specimen exhibits no vomerine teeth, J. am in- clined to think that this is accidental, and that therefore this species must be referred to Rhcwophorus. Darjeeling. a. $ . Daqeeling. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (Type o Ixalus jerdonii.) \^/i4. Rhacophorus nanus. Polypedates nanus, OUrdh. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 485, pi. 39. f. 3. Ixalus macropus, GUnth. I. c. p. 484, pi. 39. f. 4. Vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanse. A conical papiUa in the middle of the tongue. Snout rounded ; canthus rostralis angular ; loreal region slightly concave ; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space scarcely broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum one third the width of the eye. Fingers slightly webbed, toes half webbed in the young, generally nearly entirely in the adult; disks of fingers and toes as large as the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards 82 BANID^. along the body, the tibio-tarsal artioulation reaches the tip of the snout, or somewhat beyond. Upper parts smooth or with small tubercles ; a fold above the tympanum ; belly and under surface of thighs granular. Brownish above, with symmetrical dark markings on the back ; sometimes a light vertebral stripe ; limbs cross-barred ; beneath yellowish ; throat sometimes brown-spotted. Male with an . internal vocal sac. Ceylon; (NLngpo?). a. Several spec, c? & yg. S. Ceylon. (Types of Polypedates nanus.) i-d. (S 2 . Ceylon. W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. e-i. S 2 ■ Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. k. 5 (vomerine teeth none). Ceylon. (Type oi Ixalus maoi-opus.) I. 2-' Ningpo (?). 15. Rhacophorus fergusonii. (Plate VIII. fig. 3.) Vomerine teeth in two very small groups close to the inner front edge of the choanse. Snout subtriangular ; canthns rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave ; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum half the width of the eye. Pingers very slightly, toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks nearly as large as the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind 'limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio- tarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Skin smooth, granular on the beUy and under the thighs ; a fold above the tympanum ; lower surface of forearm and tarsus tuber- cular. Greyish above, indistinctly marbled with darker ; limbs cross-barred ; throat speckled with brown. Prom snout to vent 45 millim. Ceylon. a. $ . Ceylon. "W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. 16. Ehacophorus cavirostris. Polypedates cavirostris, Oilnth. Pi-oc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 486, nl. 39. f. 1. > if >t Ixalus fimbriatus, GUnth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. 1872, iz. p. 87. Vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanEe. Snout rounded ; oanthus rostralis angular ; loreal region deeply concave ; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space- as broad as, or broader than, the upper eyelid; tympanum nearly half the ' width of the eye. Fingers slightly, toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks about two thirds the diameter of the tympa- num ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind_ limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the 3. EHACOPHOEtrs. 83 snout. Upper parts with small tubercles ; a fold above tbe tympanum ; outer 6(1,-6 of forearm and of tarsus with, a denticulate fringe ; a patch of pointed tubercles below the vent ; belly and underside of thighs granular. Eeddish brown above, marbled with dark brown and speckled with black ; limbs cross-barred ; hinder side of thighs not coloured ; throat speckled with brown. Male with an internal vocal sac. Ceylon. a. 2 . S. Ceylon. (Type of Polypedates cavirostris.) b. Yg. Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. c. ? . Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Ixalus Jimbriatus.) 17. Ehacophorus davidi. Polypedates davidi, Sauvaffe, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 117. Vomerine teeth in two short, slightly oblique series between the choanae. Snottt rounded ; canthus rostralis moderate ; nostril equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout ; tympanum rather more than half the width of the eye. Fingers slightly, toes more than half webbed ; disks rather large. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches in front of the eye. Skin smooth above, granular on the belly. Above slate-ooloured, with large yellow spots ; sides of body, inferior surface of limbs, throat and breast yellowish, with undulous slate- coloured line ; belly with black punctulations. Moupin, China. 18. Rhacophorus macnlatus. Polypedates maculatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 78. Hyla maoulata, Gray, Ind. Zool. leucomyatax, Gravenh. Delic. p. 26. Polypedates leticomystax, Tschudii Batr. p. 75 ; Dum. Sf Bihr. p. 519; Kelaart, Pi'odr. Faun. Zeyl. p. 193. Biirgeria maculata, Tschudi, I. o. Polypedates rug-osus, Bum. 8r Bibr. p. 520. cruciger, Blyth, in KelciaH, Prodr. App. p. 48. megacephalus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Phtlad. 1860, p. 48. maculatus, Giinth. Mept. Brit. Ind, p. 428 ; Blanford, Juurn. As. Soc. 1870, p. 376 ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 307 ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. 1872, p. 106. hiscutiger, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 649. Vomerine teeth in two more or less oblique series commencing on the inner front edge of the ohoanffi. Head generally bony and rugose above in adult specimens ; snout subtriangular ; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region concave ; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space much broader than the 0-2 84 KAMD^!. upper eyelid ; tympanum nearly as large as the eye. Fingers slightly, toes nearly entirely webSed ; disks of fingers and toes well developed, about half the diameter of the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; a single, small, inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Skin smooth above, strongly granular on the belly and under the thighs ; a narrow fold above the tympanum. Greyish or brown above, with or without brown spots and a large hourglass-shaped figure on the hinder part of the head and the front part of the back ; legs cross-barred ; hiader side of thighs brown, with round white spots. Male with an internal vocal sac. S.E. Asia. J. Reeves, Esq. [P.], J. 0. Bowling, Esq. [P.]. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit [0.]. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. W. Theobald, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Leith [P.]. Dr. Leith [P.]. Dr. Guuther [P.]. Dr. Kelaart. Mr. Holdsworth [P.]. Col. Beddome [P.]. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. F. Day, Esq. [P.], J. C. Bowi-ing, Esq. [P.]. M. Mouhot [0.1. M. Mouhoc [0.]. Dr. Gunther [P.]. Dr. Parkman [P.]. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.l. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.]. Polypedates quadrilineatus, Cfiinth. Cat. p. 79. Hyla quadrilineata, Wiegm. Acta Ac. Cees. Leop.-Carol. 1835, p. 260, a,h~e. S, S, China. hgr., & yg. /, g- Hgr. Hong Kong. A. $. Sikkim. i. Several spec. ; Daqeeling. 3, $,&hgr. k. Hgr. Nilgherries. /. ?. Matheran. TO. Hgr. Bombay. n. ?. Malabar. o,p. 5. Ceylon. q-r, s-t, u-w. S 5 . Ceylon. a^-y. c? ? (with tadpoles and spawn of aspecies of frog). Kandy, Ceylon. * a-,3. c? & hgr. Salem, Madras Pres. y-8. HgT. Madras. .. ?. Qanjam. c ?■ Siam. r,. S- Siam. e. ?. Gamboja. '■ s- Cochin China. K. Hgr. Tenasserim. \-v. 5. Borneo. ^0. ?. Manado. TT. Adult skeleton. Ceylon. Var. quadrilineata Limnodytes celebensis, Fitting. SUA. Ac. TFien. xlii. p. 413. Polypedates quadrilineatus, OUnth. Sept. Brit. Ind. p. Steindachn. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1864 p 253 nl 16 Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 207. ' Above with four or six parallel longitudinal dark bands. 429; f.2; 3. EHACOPHOETTS. 85 P~ Assam. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. q-t. 2 > ligr-) Khassya. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 27. Ehacophorus reinwardtii. Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Giinth. Cat. p. 82. Hypsiboas reinwardtii, (Bote) Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 200. Hyla reinwardtii, part., Sclileg. Abbild. p. 105, pi. 30. f. 1, 2, & 4. Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Tschudi, Batr. p. 73 ; Bum. Sf Bibr. p. 532. Vomerine teeth in a straight line between the front edges of the choanae. Snout rounded ; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region slightly concave; nostril equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum three fourths the width of the eye. Kngers and toes webbed to the disks, which are as large as the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Skin smooth, granular on the beUy and under the thighs ; a fold round the tympanum ; a cutaneous fringe along the forearm, the fourth finger, the tarsus and the fifth toe; a transverse flap of skin above the vent and another on the tibio-tarsal articulation. Olive or lUao above, uniform • 3. EHAC0PH0BT7S. 89 a black spot on the axillae; membrane bet-ween the three outer fingers and the four outer toes with a large black spot. Male with an internal vocal sac. J ava ; Sumatra. Or-b. cJ?. c. Hgr. Batavia. Java. Leyden Museum, ? Bhacophorus reinwardtii. Larva. There are in the Collection three tadpoles from Posata, Bantam, quite different from any Batracbian larva ever noticed, they being furnished with an adhesive ventral disk, very similar to that of the fishes of the family Gobiesocidce. In one of these tadpoles the hind limbs are already so much developed as to show that the toes are webbed to the tips, which are dilated into large disks. Rhaeophorus reinwardtii being the Javan Prog in which the toes are the most Jbroadly webbed and furnished with large dilatations, I refer these larvae provisionally, though not without doubt, to the present species. Body twice as long as broad ; spiraculum lateral, on the left side, nearer the base of the tail than the end of the snout. Beak strong, upper mandible transparent, lower black ; lips much developed, their inner surface lamellated. The adhesive ventral apparatus represents a disk the anterior third of which is cut off ; it is situated imme- diately behind the mouth, and its posterior border corresponds to the vertical of the spiraculum ; the lateral and posterior borders are free to a slight extent. The tail measures once and two thirds or once and 90 EANIC^. three fourths the length of the hody ; it ends into a point ; there is an elevated superior and inferior crest, hut it commences only at a considerable distance from the base of the tail ; the vertical diameter of the latter, crest not included, is about one fifth of its length. Greyish brown above, whitish beneath ; tail light-spotted. The largest specimen measures 46 miUim., the smallest 38 millim. 28. Ehacophorus malabaricus. Hyla reinwardtii, part., SchUg. Ahbild. p. 105, pi. SO. f . 3. Rhacophorus rein ward! ii, part., Bvni. ^ Mbr. p. 5.32, pi. 89. f. 1. malabaricus, Jerdon, Proc. As. Sue. 1870, p. 84. Lower surface of tliighs. Very closely allied to B. reinwardtii, from which it differs chiefly by the coloration. Nostril a little nearer the tip of the snout than the eye. Cutaneous flap above the ventslightly developed; granules under the thighs intermixed with larger ones. Purplish above, often speckled all over with blackish ; no spots on the sides of the body nor on the membrane between the fingers and toes. Malabar. c. $ . Malabar. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. b, e-g. $ & yg. Malabar. Ool. Beddome [O.J. 29. Rhacophorus bimaculatus. Ehacophorus reinwardtii, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. 1870, p. 84. maculatus, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. 1871, p. 27. Also very closely allied to iS. reinwardtii. Vomerine series slightly oblique. Cutaneous flap above the vent and folds along the limbs slightly developed. Purple, bluish, or greenish above, sometimes speckled with black ; a large black spot on each side behind the arm, generally followed by a smaller one ; no spots on the membrane between the fingers and toes. Eastern Himalavan region. 3. EHAC0PHOEX7S. 91 a _. Many spec, S 9 . Khassya. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.J. 6. c?. Assam. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 30. Ehacopliorus pardalis. Rhacophorus pardalis, Oiinth. Cat. p. 83. Rhacophorus reinwardtii, JEyd. 8/- Soul. Voy. Bonite, pi. 10. f. 1. Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series commencing on the inner front edge of the choauaB. Snout rounded j canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region slightly concave ; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space as broad as, or broader than, the upper eyelid ; tympanum two thirds the width of the eye. Pingers and toes webbed to the disks, which are as large as the tym- panum ; subarticulai tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Smooth above, granular on the belly and under the thighs ; a fold above the tym- panum ; a slight fringe along the forearm and tarsus ; tibio-tarsal ar- ticulation with a cutaneous flap. Brown above, marbled with darker ; hind limbs cross-barred. Male with an internal vocal sac. Borneo ; Philippine Islands. a. cJ. Borneo. ] 6. (J . Borneo. A. E. Wallace. V Types. c-d,e. cJj^j&hgr. Philippines. j f~g. 5 & hgr. Dinagat 1. Mr. Everett [0.]. 31. Bhacophorus madagascariensis. Rhacophorus madagascariensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 618, pi. 1. f. 3. Vomerine teeth in a straight lino behind the level of the choanse. Snout rounded ; canthus rostralis acute ; loreal region concave ; nostril halfway between the eye and the tip of the snout ; tympanum nearly as large as the eye. Pingers broadly webbed, the membrane between the third and fourth reaching the disks ; toes entirely webbed : disks of fingers and toes nearly as large as the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles well developed ; a smaller inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches beyond the tip of the snout. Skin smooth, granular on the belly and under the thighs : a straight fold above the tympanum to the sides of the body ; a fold of skin along the forearm and tarsus, produced into a larger triangular flap on the elbow and on the tibio-tarsal articulation. Reddish brown above, with large irregular grey spots, and speckled all over with black ; limbs with very numerous cross bands ; hinder side of thighs blackish brown, with closely-set white spots. Madagascar. 92 KANID^. 4. CHIKOMANTIS. Chiromantis, Peters, Arch. f. Naturg. 1855, p. 56 ; Ounih. Cat. p. 84 ; Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, p. 116. Polypedates, sp., Ounth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1868, p. 436. Pupil horizontal. Tongue free and deeply notched behind. Vo- merine teeth. Tympanum distinct. Fingers more or less webbed, the two inner opposite to the two outer ; toes webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated. Outer metatarsals separated by web. Omosternum and sternum with a bony style. Terminal phalanges obtuse. Tropical Africa. This genus closely approaches the preceding, from which it differs in the curious dispositioti of the fingers, the two inner being oppos- able to the two outer, resembling to a certain point the grasping hand of Chameleons. This character, however, is much less dev&- loped in 0. rufescens, -which constitutes a link towards Bhaco- phorus. Synopsis of the Species. Outer fingers nearly entirely webbed .... 1. rufescens, p. 92. Outer fingers half webbed 2. xerampelina, p. 93. Outer fingers one-third webbed 3. petersii, p. 93. 1. Chiromantis rufescens. (Plate IX. fig. 2.) Polypedates rufescens, Ounth. Proc. Zool. Soo. 1868, p. 486. Chiromantis guineensis, JBuchh. Sf Peters, Man, Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 203, pi. 1. f. 1. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanse. Head longer than broad; snout rounded, longer than the greatest orbital diameter, with indistinct eanthus rostralis ; loreal region not concave ; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum half the width of the eye. Inner fingers webbed at the base, outer ones nearly to the disks ; toes moderate, entirely webbed ; disks of fingers as large as the tympanum, of toes smaller ; subarticular tubercles small ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Above with a few small tubercles; beneath granular ; a fold above the tympanum. Upper parts brown; a rather indistinct dark cross band between the eyes. W. Africa. o. Hgr. W. Africa. (Type.') 4. CHIEOMANTIS. 5. IXAWJS. 93 2. Chiromantis xerampeliua. Ohiromantis xerampelina, Oiinth. Cat. p. 85. Chiromantis zerampeluia, Peters, Arch. f. Naturg. 1855, p. 56. Vomerine teeth between the choanse. Head broader than long ; snout shorter than, or as long as, the greatest orbital diameter. Inner fingers webbed at the base, outer ones half webbed. Sides with reddish-brown spots and bands. Male without vocal sac. Mozambique. 3. Chiromantis petersii. (Plate X. fig. 1.) Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanse. Head broader than long ; snout rounded, as long as the greatest orbital diameter, with indistinct canthus rostralis ; loreal region not concave ; nostril equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout ; interorbital space scarcely broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum half the width of the eye. Inner fingers webbed at the base, the outer ones one-third webbed ; toes short, nearly entirely webbed ; disks very small ; subartioular tubercles weU developed ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth, granular on the belly and under the thighs ; a slight fold above the tympanum. Greyish brown above, indistinctly marbled ; a dark-brown stripe on the temporal region. Male with an internal vocal sac. Interior of E. Africa. a. (S . Interior of E. Africa. 5. IXALTJS*. Orchestes, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76. Ixalus, Dum. 8f Bibr. viii. p. 523 ; Gunth. Cat. p. 74: Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, p. 116. PLeptomantis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 32. Pupil horizontal. Tongue free and deeply notched behind. Vo- merine teeth none. Tympanum distinct or hidden. Eingers free or webbed at the base ; toes webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into regular disks. Outer metatarsals separated by a groove or narrow web. Omosternum and sternum with a bony style. Ter- minal phalanges obtuse. East Indies. * Ixdks japonicus, Hallow. Proo. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 481. — Japan. 94 EANIDiE. Synopsis of the Species. I. Pingers free or very slightly webbed. A. Tongue with a free, pointed papiUa in the anterior part of the median line. 1. Toes more than half webbed. A glandular lateral fold ; toes nearly en- tirely webbed, with small disks .... 1. opisthorhodus, p. 95. No glandular lateral fold ; toes very broadly webbed, with large disks .... 3. sassioola, p. 97. 2. Toes not more than half webbed. Tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching be- yond the eye ; toes webbed at the base 17. glandulosus, p. 103. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond the eye ; toes half webbed 21. chalazodes, p. 105. Tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching the eye ; toes half webbed 23. flaviuentris, p. 105. Snout subacuminate 24. signatus, p. 106. B. Tongue without papilla. 1. Skin smooth above and beneath ; a glandular lateral fold. Tympanum indistinct 2. fv^cus, p. 96. 2. Skin smooth above, or with small tubercles ; no glandular lateral fold. a. Tympanum distinct. a. Tympanum at least half the width of the eye. Tympanum half the width of the eye ; toes two-thirds webbed ; disks very small . 5. oxyrhynchus, p. 97. Tympanum half the width of the eye ; toes half webbed ; disks moderate 7. leucorhinus, p. 98. Tympanum at least two thirds the width of the eye ; toes half webbed 9. pictus, p. 99. /3. Tympanum not half the width of the eye. Toes fully webbed 6. JcaJchienensis, p. 98. Tympanum one third the widlh of the eye ; toes not quite half webbed ; a narrow glandular line along the head and back 11. 7iiisutus, p. 100. Tj'mpanum one third the width of the eye ; toes half webbed ; no glandular vertebral line 12. aurifasciatus, p. 100. Tympanum about one third the size of the eye ; toes one-fourth webbed; tibio- tarsal articulation reaching the eye . . 18. lateralis, p. 103. 5. ixAiirs. 95 Tympanum about one third the size of the eye ; toes less than one - third webbed ; tibio-tarsal articulation reach- ing beyond the eye 19. punctatus, p. lOi. Tympanum about one fourth the size of the eye ; toes slightly -webbed ; tibio- tarsal articulation reaching the tip of the snout 20. tuherculatus, p. 10-1. b. Tympanum indistinct or quite hidden, a. Snout pointed. Toos nearly entirely -webbed 8. aciUirostris, p. 99. /3. Snout rounded. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the snout or somewhat beyond; toes webbed at the base ; hinder side of thighs coloured 4. hypomelas, p. 9 7. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond the eye ; toes two - thirds webbed ; hinder side of thighs not coloured . . 13. femoralis, p. 101. Tibio-tarsal articulation not extending beyond the eye ; toes half webbed ; hinder side of thighs not coloured. . . . 14. heddomii, p. 101. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond the eye ; toes two - thirds webbed ; hinder side of thighs coloured 15. variabilis, p. 102. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye; toes two-thirds webbed; hinder side of thighs coloured 22. adspersus, p. 105. Toes barely half webbed ; an indistinct tubercle at the base of the fourth toe . 16. cinerascens, p. 102. 3. Skin of upper surfaces with large conical warts. Heel with a triangular dermal appendage. 10. schmardanus, p. 99. II. Fingers half webbed. Tympanum hidden 25. bimacuhtus, p. 106. 1. Izalus opisthorhodiis. ? Limnodytes ? phyllopMla, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. xxii. p. 532, and Proe. As. Soc. 1870, p. 85. Ixalus opisthorhodus, Gfiinih. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 484, pi. 37. f. 8. Tongue with a free pointed papiUa in the anterior part of the median line. Snout subacuminate, prominent, about as long as the orbital diameter ; canthus rostralis angular ; loreal region flat, vertical ; nostril nearly equally distant from the eye and the tip of 96 EANIDiE. the snout ; interorbital space slightly broader than the upper eyelid : tympanum small, hidden. Pingers free, toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks small ; subartioular tubercles small ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Skin of upper parts smooth, with a few short oblique glandular folds ; a narrow glandular lateral fold ; a fold from the eye to the shoulder ; quite smooth beneath. Brownish above, with a few indistinct darker markings ; loreal and temporal regions dark brown; limbs cross-barred; beneath immaculate or brown-spotted on the throat and breast; lower surface of hind limbs, hinder sides of thighs, and sometimes hind part of belly beautifully rose-coloured. Male with two internal vocal sacs, the openings of which are very small. S.W. India. a, 5 . Nilgherries. 6. Several spec, c? ? ., Malabar. W. Theobald, Esq. [P.]. of /. opisthorhodus.') Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type 2. Ixalus fuscus. (Plate X. fig. 3.) Snout pointed, prominent, generally longer than the orbital diameter ; canthus rostralis angular ; loreal region flat, vertical ; nostril halfway between the eye and the tip of the snout; inter- orbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum small, indistinct. Fingers free, toes entirely webbed ; disks of fingers and toes rather small; subartioular tnbereles small; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Skin smooth above and beneath ; a narrow glandular lateral fold ; a fold from the eye to the shoulder. Brown above ; sides of head and body generally darker ; limbs cross-barred ; hinder side of thighs dark brown, with a more or less accentuated light stripe along the middle ; whitish beneath, marbled with brown. Male with two internal vocal sacs, the openings of which are very small. From snout to vent 32 millim. This species resembles in size and general appearance the preceding one, from which it may be easily distinguished bj' the absence of a papilla in the middle of the tongue. It does not exhibit the bright pink colour which is seen on the lower surface of the thighs, and sometimes on the belly, in T. opisthorhodus. India. a. Several spec, $ & hgr. b-e. cJ?. f-h. d- i. Several spec, > Snout obtuse, shorter than the orbital diameter; tympanum quite indistinct. Fingers quite free, toes barely half webbed ; disks well developed ; metatarsus with a small inner tubercle and a very in- distinct one at the base of the fourth toe. The hind limb being 5. IZALTTS. 103 carried for-wards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Above with a few scattered tubercles ; beUy and lower side of thighs densely and coarsely tuberculated ; a fold from the eye to the shoulder. Above olive ashy, very minutely speckled with dark, paling at the sides ; limbs cross-barred ; below pale brownish white, somewhat purer on chin and throat, and all over finely speckled and punctated with dark. Moulmein. 17. Ixa.lus glandulosus. Ixalus glandulosus, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. xxii. p, 532 ; Griinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, jD. 573. ? Phyllomedusa ? tinmens, Jerdon, I. c. p. 533. Ixalus montanus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 674, pi. 67, f. A. Tongue with a free, pointed papilla on the anterior part of the median liae. Snout rounded, as long as the orbital diameter ; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly . concave ; nostril equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum small, hidden. Pingers free, toes webbed at the base ; disks and subarticular tubercles. m oderate ; a small inner metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articu- lation reaches the eye, or not quite so far. Skin of upper surfaces smooth or with small indistinct tubercles ; sides generally glan- dular ; lower surfaces granular ; a fold from the eye to the shoidder. Dark purplish brown above, uniform, or with indistinct markings, or greyish brown with symmetrical dark-brown markings ; beneath immaculate, or more or less spotted. Male with an internal vocal sac. S. India. a. 5 ■ Travancore. Col. Beddome [( h, o-g. Hgr. Malabar. Col. Beddome [( hji-rn. Many spec. :." Laguna del Bay. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.1. /. tJ. Negi-os. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.]. g-l. 2- Duke of York Island. Eev. G. Brown [0.].. m-n, 0. $ . Mansinam, N. Gidnea. 7. Cornufer punctatus. Platymantis punctata, Peters 8; Doria, Ann. Mns. Civ. Oen. xiii. 1878, p. 420. Principal characters of G. corrugatus, but the two inner fingers of equal length. Brown above ; sides of head and upper and under surfaces of limbs dotted with orange ; hinder side of thighs vermi- culated with orange. Mount Arfak, New Guinea. 8. Cornufer vitianus. Platymantis vitianus, Gunth. Cat. p. 93. Hylodes vitianus, A. Jkim. Ann. Sc. Nat. (;!) xix. p. 177 ; Jacq. ^ Guich. Rept. in Voy. Pole Sud, p. 26, pi. i. _f. 4. Halophila heros, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. vi. p. 423, and U.S. Krpl. Exped.f Herp. p. 66, pi. iv. ff. 1-6. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups behind the level of the 6. COENUFBK. 7. PHEYNOBlTEACHTrs. Ill hinder edge of the ohoanse. Snout onue and a half as long as the orbital diameter; canthus rostralis rather angular; crown flat; Lower surface of hand. Lower surface of foot. interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum vertically oval, half the width of the eye. Fingers and toes moderate, quite free, with slightly dilated tips and very strong subarticular tuber- cles ; a blunt, oval inner, and a rather indistinct rounded outer metatarsal tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches in front of the eye. Skin smooth, granular on the belly and under the thighs. Dark brown above, often lighter dotted and marbled ; more or less mar- bled with brown beneath. Polynesia ; (Indian Archipelago ?). a-c. $ & yg. Fiji Islands. Lords of the Admiralty[P.]. rf. S , skelfiton. Fiji Islands. Lords of the Admiralty [P.I. «■ S Fiji Islands. Mus. Econ. Geol. /■ Yg. Oualan Island. g-h, i-l, m. ? , hgr., & yg. Fiji Islands. Voyage of the 'Herald.' 9. Cornufer unilineatus. Platymantis unilineata, Peteis, Mm. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 447. Habit, dentition, and proportion of the limbs as in C. vitianus, but the two inner fingers of equal length. Dark brown above, with a few indistinct darker spots, and a line from the tip of the snout to the vent. Great Viti Island. 7. PHRYNOBATRACHUS. Stenorhynohus, Smith, III. S. Afr., Mqat. , App. p. 23 ; Oiinth. Cat. p. 133. Phrynobatrachus, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 190. Leptoparius, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 462. Dicroglossus, sp., Cope, P-oc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 341. Staurois, sp., Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, p. 117. Heteroglossa, sp., Cope, Joui-n. Ac. Philad. 1867, vi. p, 193. Artholeptis, sp., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 210. Pupil horizontal. Tongue free and deeply notched behind. Vome- rine teeth none. Tympanum distinct or hidden. Fingers free ; toes 112 EANlr^. webbed, the tips not or but little dilated. Outer metatarsals separated by web. Omosternum and sternum with a bony style ; terminal phalanges simple or slightly dilated. Africa. Synopsis of the Species. Habit stout; tympanum hidden 1. natalensis, p. 112. Habit slender ; tympanum hidden 2. plicatus, p. 112. Habit slender; tympanum distinct 3. acridoides, p. 113. 1. Phrynobatrachus natalensis. Stenoi'hynclius natalensis, Oiinth. Cat. p. 133. Stenorhynchus natalensis, Smith, III. S. Afr., Mept., App. p. 23. Phrynobatrachus natalensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 190, & 1864, p. 480; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. 1866, i. p. 54. Dicroglossus angustirostris. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 341. Arthroleptis natalensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 210. Tongue with a free conical papilla in the middle. Habit stout. Head small ; snout short, subaouminate, without canthus rostralis ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum indis- tinct, half as large as the eye. First finger not extending quite as far as second ; toes half webbed ; subarticular tubercles well deve- loped ; two small tubercles on the metatarsus and another on the middle of the inner edge of the tarsus. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Above with irregular flat warts. Olive above, indistinctly marbled with darker ; legs cross-barred ; whitish beneath, the throat brown-spotted in the female, blackish in the male. Male with an external subgular vocal sac. South and West Africa. a. $ . Natal. Sir A, Smith [P.]. &. $. Natal. J. Ayres, Esq. [P.]. (Typeof Phrynobatrachus natalensis.) c-f. cJ ¥ • Duque de Bragrance. Dr. Barboza du Bocage [P.]. 2. Fhrynobatraclius plicatus. Hyperolius plicatus, Oiinth. Cat. p. 88, pi. vii. f. G. Staurois plicatus, Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, p. 117. Heterogloasa plicata, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. 1867, vi. p. 198. Arthroleptis plicata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 210. Tongue with a free conical papilla in the middle. Habit slender. Head moderate; snout subaouminate, with angular canthus rostralis; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum hidden. First finger as long as second ; toes two-thirds webbed ; tips of fingers and toes dilated into small disks ; two small meta- tarsal tubercles. The hind limb being carried forwards along the 7. PHETNOBATBACHUS. 8. NYCirBATHACHITS. 113 body, the metatarBal tubercles reach far beyond the tip of the snout. Back with a few scattered small tubercles, and with a glandular fold on each side, reaching from the posterior border of the eye to the sacral region, both convergent on the back behind the shoulders. Above brownish, variegated with darker ; a dark-brown temporal spot ; hinder side of thighs with a dark-brown vitta ; throat brownish. Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. West Africa. a. 3 . Coast of Guinea. (Ty^e.) J.