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I I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 I c 
 
 1686 m^- 
 
 <H"I l■^ l- tH M' H II lg 
 
 ^HISTORY^ 
 
 OF 
 
 ST. CLAIR COUNTY, 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 ■^5=1^ 
 
 i -Wltli IllttstratimtsJ 
 
 IM*^«" 
 
 DESGRIPTIVB OF ITS SCENERY, 
 
 AND 
 
 lijjtapljttal ^\tit\ti b\ iom rf to f wntintttt $« aittl f iowm. 
 
 BY 
 
 BRINK, McDOIN^OTJaH & CO., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 CORRESPONDIN& OFFICE, EDI ARDSVILLE, ILL. 
 
 ^ 1881 
 
 1\. 
 
F 
 
 A]?X^66S 
 
Missing Page 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 COUNTY HISTORY. 
 
 CHAP. PAGE. 
 
 I. — Brief Sketch of north- 
 west Territory. . . 9 
 II.— Brief Hist'cal Sketch 
 
 of Illinois 20 
 
 III. — Geography, Agricul- 
 tural Eesources and 
 Bailroad facilities . 30 
 
 IV.— Geology 37 
 
 v.— Flora 41 
 
 VI.— Fauna 42 
 
 VII. — ^Ahorigines 44 
 
 VIII. — Pioneers and Early 
 
 Settlers 44 
 
 IX. — European Immigration 62 
 
 X.— Civil History .... 67 
 
 XI.— Bench and Bar . . . 88 
 
 XII.— The Press 98 
 
 XIII.— Common Schools ... 109 
 
 XIV.— Patriotism 123 
 
 XV. — Eiiolesiastical History 155 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES. 
 Abend, Hon. Edward .... 204 
 Adams, Capt. Lyman (dec'd) . 343 
 
 Anthony, D. D 314 
 
 Askins, Chas. T 257 
 
 Baird, E. (dec'd) 260 
 
 Barth, John . .' 359 
 
 Barthel, Henry 275 
 
 Bates, Dr. 0. C 292 
 
 Baugh, Levi 320 
 
 Becker, Charles 221 
 
 Becker, Chas 280 
 
 Begole, J. (dec'd) 290 
 
 Blanck, Charles (dec'd) ... 346 
 
 Blanok, Hermann J 340 
 
 Book, G. C. (M. D.) 366 
 
 Bland, Dr. E. P 350 
 
 Boemer, Caspar 259 
 
 Brenfleck, G. V 257 
 
 Broeius, Jacob 223 
 
 Butler, John O. .... 310 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Chandler, Hon. S. B. (dec'd) . 200 
 
 Corniok, Dr. Boyd 360 
 
 Dake, C. R. (M. D.) 231 
 
 Darrow, Chas. B. (dec'd) ... 292 
 
 Dausch, G. W 310 
 
 Deneen, Prof S. H 343 
 
 Dilg, Fred 358 
 
 Dobschutz, M. J 228 
 
 Eckert, Geo. M 370 
 
 Eokert, T. W 218 
 
 Eversmann, Louis 252 
 
 Fietsam, 0. H 276 
 
 Fietsam, S 240 
 
 Fike Family 277 
 
 Fischer, Chas. F 294 
 
 Fischer, F.X.^M.D.) . . . . 371 
 Forman, Isaac (dec'd) .... 291 
 
 Gintz, Adam 226 
 
 Graner, Louis ....... 238 
 
 Graney, Thomas 312 
 
 Griffen, Charles 277 
 
 Griffen, Chas 244 
 
 GrifFen, Joseph (dec'd) . . . . 243 
 
 Griffen, Joseph 359 
 
 Grossman, George 365 
 
 Guthrie, George W 267 
 
 Halbert, E. A 212 
 
 Hamilton, J. H 266 
 
 Hartmann Brothers 240 
 
 Hausmann, CD 370 
 
 Heim. F 318 
 
 Heim, M 316 
 
 Heimberger, R. W 273 
 
 Heineman, H. A 238 
 
 Heinfelden, Curt 224 
 
 Henrici, J. E 260 
 
 Herman, Peter, Jr 279 
 
 Herman, Peter, Sr 280 
 
 Higgins, Robert 364 
 
 Hilgard.T., Jr., (dec'd) ... 232 
 
 Hoeltmann, John T 251 
 
 Holder, Robert D. W. . . 239 
 
 Horner, Hon. H. H. . . 339 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Houser, Eliaa, Jr 289 
 
 Huber, Henry 258 
 
 Huhn Henry 211 
 
 Hypes, Benj 340 
 
 Illinski, A. X 332 
 
 Jennings, T. C. (M. D.) . . . 313 
 
 Jones, Oliver V 344 
 
 Kalbfleisch, Peter . . . . 257 
 
 Karch, Charles *t 357 
 
 Keim, Heinreck 367 
 
 Kempff, William 222 
 
 Koeberlin, F. (M. D.) . . . . 280 
 Koerner, Hon. Gustavus . . . 203 
 
 Kohl, Julius (M.D.) 207 
 
 Krause, Dr. B 293 
 
 Laeuffert, Wm. H. (M. D.) . . 366 
 
 Land Family 277 
 
 Lebkuecher, L 237 
 
 Lemen, Joseph 286 
 
 Lindauer, G. J 256 
 
 Little, J. M. (dec'd) 260 
 
 Loelkis, George (M. D.) . . . 230 
 
 Loreiizen, John 235 
 
 McBride, W. J. (dec'd) , . . 258 
 
 McConaughy, T. A 227 
 
 MoCracken, N 331 
 
 McCullough, J. W 239 
 
 McLean, John J 309 
 
 MeintB, A. M 312 
 
 Messick, J. B 316 
 
 Metschan, F. F 226 
 
 Miller, Hon. J. R 249 
 
 Miller, Lloyd T. (M. D.) . . . 251 
 
 Moore, R. A 209 
 
 Nairn, Hugh ... . . 267 
 
 Nearen, James ... . . 290 
 
 Nichols, -Wm 341 
 
 Noetling, C. F 220 
 
 O'Brien, H. D. . . . 322 
 
 Ogle, Joseph 206 
 
 Padfield, J. R 351 
 
 Padfield, "Wm. R 349 
 
 Perrin, Francis 360 
 
 PAGE- 
 
 Perryman, J. L. (M. D.) . . . 215 
 
 Pitthan, Louis 236 
 
 Ploudre, Louis 333 
 
 Poigne^, Frank 293 
 
 Postel, Philip 354 
 
 ' Price, Daniel 246 
 
 Probstmeyer, C. L 259 
 
 Quick, Hon. Thomas .... 219 
 
 Rayhill, J. J 357 
 
 Reichert, J., Jr 272 
 
 Reiheoke, C. .' 225 
 
 Reith, J 370 
 
 Renshaw, J. W. .... 321 
 
 Rentchler, D 220 
 
 Eembe, Dr. C. H. E. E. . . . 273 
 Reuss, Adolphns (M. D.) . . . 245 
 Reynolds, Ex-Gov. John . . . 197 
 
 Richardson, James H 356 
 
 Ries, Michael 238 
 
 Ropiequet, F. K 218 
 
 Rubaoh, Dr. Ferdinand . . .219 
 Saffold, David (M. D.) . . . . 230 
 
 Sager, Charles H 344 
 
 Saltenberger, John (M, D,) . . 256 
 
 Scheel, Fred B 239 
 
 Scheel, John 202 
 
 Sohubkegel, Philip 361 
 
 Sohmahlenberger, D. 0. . . . 259 
 Scott, Benjamin (dec'd) . . . 288 
 
 Scott, Felix 205 
 
 Sehliager, Anton . ... 359 
 
 Seibert, Peter 359 
 
 Seiter, Henry 342 
 
 Semmelroth, George . ... 232 
 
 Shultz, John 249 
 
 Sikking. J. B 314 
 
 Smith, J. P 280 
 
 Smith, Samuel G 344 
 
 Stack, P. H 322 
 
 Starkel, L. C 214 
 
 Stauder, John A 237 
 
 Stolberg, George H 232 
 
 Stookey, Dr. L. P 213 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Swahlen, Eev. Wm. F. . . . 345 
 
 Thomas, James H 222 
 
 Thomas, Hon. John 201 
 
 Tiedemann, 0. A 294 
 
 Tiedemaun, E. J 295 
 
 Tiemann, August 234 
 
 Tissier, M. F 317 
 
 Touchette, Baptists 330 
 
 Trendley, John ....... 315 
 
 Turner, L. D 224 
 
 Underwood, W. J 226 
 
 Vahlkamp, S 274 
 
 Van Court, B. J 287 
 
 Veile, Hon. Joseph 366 
 
 Ward, James ........ 293 
 
 Wastfield, A. J. (dec'd) ... 294 
 
 Watts,B. I.(M. D.) 268 
 
 Waugh, James 211 
 
 Weir, M. W 206 
 
 West, B. J., Jr 222 
 
 West, Washington, (M. D.). . 217 
 White, John K. (deo'd) ... 268 
 
 Whittaker, James M 350 
 
 Wider, E. W. (dec'd) .... 311 
 Wiggins, J. L. (M. D.) . . . . 250 
 
 Wilderman, J. C 279 
 
 Wilderman, A. S 229 
 
 Willoughby, J. A 237 
 
 Winkelman, Wm 216 
 
 Yoch, Joseph 233 
 
 PRECINCT HISTORIES. 
 
 Athens 261 
 
 Belleville 183 
 
 Caseyville . . . 247 
 
 Centervillo . . 252 
 
 Cahokia . . ... 325 
 
 East St. Loui.< .... 298 
 
 Fayetteville . .... 269 
 
 French Villatie . . 323 
 
 Lebanon . . 334 
 
 Masooutah . 351 
 
 O'Fallou 281 
 
 Prairie Du Pont 296 
 
 Richland ......... 361 
 
 Shiloh 241 
 
 Summeriield 347 
 
 St. Glair 367 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Appel, P. H facing 216 
 
 Backer & Sterns ... " 254 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Bates, Dr. O.C. (office) .facing 328 
 Bevelot, Clement . . . 
 Boul, Nicholas .... 
 
 Burr, J. C. ..... 
 
 Business Houses.Lenzburg 
 Calbreath, J. H. . . . 
 
 Catholic Ch., Masooutah 
 City Hall, Belleville . 
 City Hall and Central Market, 
 East St. Louis . . . facing 328 
 
 322 
 324 
 266 
 264 
 350 
 353 
 159 
 
 County Buildings . . 
 
 County Map 
 
 Costello, Wm. ... 
 Eisenmayer. Philip E. . 
 "Emerald Isle Mills" . 
 Engelmann, Theodore . 
 Falling Spring .... 
 Finger, Henry (M. D.). 
 Fischer, Chas. F. . . . 
 Fischer, Christian . . 
 Fischer, Dr. F. X. . . 
 Friedewald, H. . 
 Forman, Mrs. Rebecca, 
 Qer. M. E. Ch., Masooutah 
 Green, J. W. (dec'd) . 
 Griffen, Charles 
 Griffen, Joseph . 
 
 80 
 9 
 250 
 360 
 360 
 360 
 296 
 266 
 294 
 259 
 360 
 159 
 292 
 359 
 268 
 bet. 242 & 243 
 . facing 359 
 
 Guerdan Hat Co. . . 
 
 Guthrie, G. W 
 
 Guthrie, S, J 
 
 Halbert, R. A. . . . . 
 Hall's Metal Separator. 
 Heim's Brewery . . . 
 
 Helbron, J. R 
 
 Hendren, J. H. ... 
 Hermann, Peter . . . 
 Hoeltmann, J. T. . . . 
 Houser, Elias .... 
 Howe Literary Institute 
 Jones, Ambrose . . . 
 Kalbfieisoh, P. . . 
 Ladies' Academy . . . 
 Lebkuocher, L. . 
 Lindauer, G. J. ... 
 Log School-hou ic . . . 
 
 Lo'rtz, John 
 
 Maule, John . . . . : 
 
 Mayor's Office & Police 
 
 Headquarters . . . 
 
 MoKendree 
 
 Miller, D. D 
 
 Miller, Jo6eph E. . . . 
 
 Miller, W. J 
 
 Monk, C. A 
 
 310 
 262 
 264 
 212 
 306 
 318 
 264 
 268 
 280 
 250 
 289 
 122 
 322 
 257 
 120 
 201 
 257 
 109 
 280 
 220 
 
 328 
 115 
 366 
 218 
 232 
 218 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 facing 250 
 
 " 226 
 
 " 266 
 
 " 366 
 
 " 266 
 
 240 & 241 
 
 facing 206 
 
 Cahokia" 328 
 
 266 
 
 bet 
 
 bet, 
 
 Morbach, D. . . 
 Mueller, Solomon 
 Nairn, Hugh . . 
 Nehrings, John 
 Nuernberger, L. 
 Ogle, David . . 
 Ogle, Joseph . 
 Old Court House, 
 Orth, John . . 
 Padfield, W, R. 
 Ferryman, J. L. 
 Pitts, Wm. . . 
 Reichert, Joseph 
 Eeinecke, Conrad 
 BeusB, A. C. 
 ReuBs, Dr. A. (dec'd) 
 Richardson, J. H. . 
 St. Agness Asylum . 
 St. Elizabeth Hospital 
 St. Peter's Church . 
 Saltenberger, J. (M. D. 
 Schmahlenberger, D. C. 
 Scott, Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Seiter, Henry . . . 
 Shiloh M. E. Church 
 Shultz, John . . . 
 Starkel, Louis C. . . 
 "Star Mills" 
 Stauder, Peter . . 
 Stephens, M. M. . 
 Stookey Homestead 
 Stookey, J. D. 
 Stookey, M. M 
 Taylor, Henry . . 
 Thomas, Col. John 
 Tiedemann, C. A. 
 Trendley, John . 
 Van Court, B. J. . 
 Watts, Dr. R. J. . 
 West, Dr. W. . . 
 White, John K. . 
 Whittaker, J. P. . 
 Williams' Carr'ge Faot'ry " 
 Workingmen's Bank . " 
 
 bet, 
 
 " 348 
 " 215 
 " 278 
 " 273 
 224 & 225 
 
 facing 246 
 " 246 
 " 356 
 " 159 
 " 159 
 " 157 
 
 I " 260 
 " 259 
 " 287 
 " 342 
 " 296 
 " 324 
 " 198 
 354 & 355 
 
 facing 220 
 " 310 
 " 216 
 " 238 
 " 238 
 " 204 
 " 204 
 " 294 
 •• 314 
 " 2S7 
 " 266 
 " 198 
 " 262 
 " 348 
 226 
 314 
 
 PORTRAITS. 
 
 Barthel, Henry 275 
 
 Baugh, L 320 
 
 Brosius, Jacob 223 
 
 Chandler, Hon. S. B 200 
 
 Dake, C. R. (M. D.) 231 
 
 Dilg, Fred 353 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Dobschutz, M. J 228 
 
 Fietsam, C. H 276 
 
 Griffen, Joseph (dec'd) .... 243 
 Griffen, John (deo'd) . . facing 277 
 Grossman, George and wife . . 365 
 
 Halbert, E. A 212 
 
 Hamilton, J. H. . . . . . -266 
 
 Heim, F 318 
 
 Heim, M _ • 319 
 
 Higgins, Robert 364 
 
 Horner, Hon. H. H 339 
 
 Houser, Elias, Jr 289 
 
 Illinski, A. X 332 
 
 Jenning, T. C. (M. D.) . . . . 313 
 
 Lorenzen.John 235 
 
 McConaughy, T. A 227 
 
 McLean, John J . 309 
 
 Messiok, J. B. ....... 316 
 
 Moore, R. A 209 
 
 Moore, Mrs. R. A 209 
 
 MoCracken, N 1 
 
 Ortrance Brackett .... J 
 
 Nichols, Wm 341 
 
 Padfield, Wm. R. and wife . . 349 
 
 Park, James 243 
 
 Ferryman, Dr. J. L. . . facing 215 
 
 Fitthan, Louis 236 
 
 Ploudre, L 333 
 
 Postel, Philip .354 
 
 Eeinecke, C 225 
 
 Reichert, Joseph, 272 
 
 Renshaw, J. W 321 
 
 . ReusB, Adolphus (M. D.) . . . 245 
 Reynolds, Ex-Gov. John . . 197 
 
 Richardson, James H 356 
 
 Rubach, Ferdinand Dr., facing 219 
 Ratter, Henry .... facing 370 
 
 Scheel, John 202 
 
 Seiter, Henry ...... 342 
 
 Starkel, L. C 214 
 
 Thomas, Hon. John . . facing 201 
 
 Tiemann, August 234 
 
 Tissier, M. F, 317 
 
 Trendley, John 315 
 
 Vahlkamp, S 274 
 
 Wider, E. W. (dec'd) .... 311 
 
 Wilderman, A. S 229 
 
 West, Washington, (M. D.) . 217 
 Yoch, Joseph 233 
 
 Partial List of Patrons. . . 372 
 Constitution of Illinois. . . 386 
 Declaration of Independence. 393 
 Constitution of United States . 394 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 JHERE are few studies more interesting and pro- 
 fitable to mankind than that of the past expe- 
 riences, deeds, thoughts and trials of the human 
 race. 
 
 The civilized man and the untutored savage 
 
 alike desire to hnow the deeds and lives of 
 
 their ancestors, and strive to perpetuate their 
 
 story. National patriotism and literary pride 
 
 have prompted many, in all times, to write and preserve the annals 
 
 of particular peoples. But narrow prejudice and selfish interests 
 
 too often have availed to suppress the truth or to distort facts. 
 
 It is the aim of this work to collect and preserve in enduring 
 and popular form some of the facts of the early settlement and sub- 
 sequent growth of a great county of a grand State. The families 
 whose ancestors were early on the ground, and whose members have 
 made the county what it is, are worthy of remembrance ; and their 
 difficulties and sorrows, customs, labors and patriotism, should not 
 be allowed to fall into oblivion. By a knowledge of these the 
 present generation will be instructed, and the future will be 
 guided. 
 
 All history, if properly written, is interesting ; and there is not 
 a country, or a city, or a hamlet, — nay,- we might say, not a family 
 or an individual on the globe, — whose history might not be more or 
 less valuable to posterity. 
 
 From the ancient days, away back in the dim and shadowy past, 
 when the human race first arrived at a state of intelligence suffi- 
 cient to enable them to transmit a traditionary or written account 
 of themselves, all along down the teeming ages, our progenitors 
 have left in various ways, and by difierent means, information, 
 more or less mythical, of the age and generation in which they 
 played their ephemeral part on the world's ever-changing theatre 
 of action. It is graven in bronze on the wdnderful works of the 
 central nations of Africa, around those " dim fountains of the 
 Nile ; " the gray old pyramids in the valley of " twenty thousand 
 cities" are covered with the hieroglyphical language of the 
 
 " shadowy past." The vast and mighty " palaces and piles stu- 
 pendous," hoary with the dust of unknown centuries, that bewilder 
 the traveler 'mid Egypt's drifting sands, upon the plains of the Eu- 
 phrates, and hidden away in the tiger-hunted jungles of the " farthest 
 Ind ;" the gigantic ruins of Southern and Central America, under the 
 snow-capped Cordilleras and among the wondrous forests of Yucatan ; 
 the seamed and wrinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in Mexico and 
 California, and the ten thousand crumbling evidences of a power- 
 ful civilization scattered throughout the great valley of the Missis- 
 sippi, all bear testimony of countless attempts to transmit knowl- 
 edge to posterity. 
 
 The written history of the American Continent dates back 
 scarcely four centuries, yet within that comparatively short period 
 its pages have garnered from her hills and mountains, from her 
 grand rivers and mighty inland seas, valuable additions to the 
 world's stock of knowledge. 
 
 Like the Eastern Continent, our own has its historic points, — its 
 nuclei around which cluster the memories of heroic deeds, the 
 story of martyrs, and the legends of a barbarous past. St. Augus- 
 tine, Jamestown, Plymouth Koek, Quebec, Montreal, Boston, New 
 York, Philadelphia, and Detroit, are localities about which gather 
 volumes of history. 
 
 The advance of civilization on the North American Continent 
 has been more rapid than in any other portion of the globe ; and, 
 within the memory of living men, the fairest and richest portions 
 have been wrested from the dominion of the wilderness and the 
 savage, and changed into a highly-cultivated region, filled with a 
 race of industrious and thriving people. Prominent among the 
 localities rich in historic lore is the region around the Mississippi 
 river. It early claimed the attention of two of the most powerful 
 nations of Europe, whose pioneers and avant couriers were boldly 
 pushing into the then unknown countries lying towards the " Great 
 South Sea," eagerly looking for gold and precious stones, for fabled 
 Eldorados, and fertile lands. 
 
 Dim traditions, fragmentary legends, stories of bloody warfare, 
 
8 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of disaster and defeat ; egsays, letters, and public documents, all 
 bearing, more or less, upon the history of the county, have been 
 carefully examined. 
 
 To collect and arrange in one volume these various fragments, 
 this abundant material, and to give the cream of all the best 
 authors who have treated the subject, together with all addi- 
 tional information it was possible to obtain, and present it in 
 readable form, has been the object of the publishers of the present 
 work. 
 
 We know, full well, the task is not a light one ; the contempla- 
 ted work is by no means a holiday frolic. Hard, steady, close ap- 
 plication and untiring energy are necessary to accomplish it, and 
 we have approached the subject with the greatest diffidence, not 
 unmindful of our shortcomings, yet, at the same time, fully deter- 
 mined to do our best, and trust a generous and discriminating pub- 
 lic to do us justice, hoping and believing that our labors shall not 
 have been wholly in vain. 
 
 The utmc st pains have been taken to read thoroughly and com- 
 pare carefully the various writers, and to sift out and reconcile 
 discrepancies, for historians not unfrequently disagree upon minor 
 points. The work of reading and comparing has been no ordinary 
 one, and the difficulty has not been so much in collecting as in 
 making a judicious and truthful use of the abundant material at 
 hand. 
 
 The traditions of the Indians, as given by Heckewelder and 
 others, have been quoted quite extensively, and as an important 
 factor in the sum total of knowledge concerning this region ; and 
 the early discoveries of Marquette, La Salle, Hennepin, and other 
 French adventurers in the valley of the Mississippi and the basin 
 of the great lakes of the Northwest, have also demanded a large 
 share of attention, as preliminary to the troubles which grew out of 
 the conflicting claims of the French and English crowns, resulting 
 in a contest for supremacy, and in which not only all the con- 
 tiguous region, but the entire French and English possessions 
 in America, a large share of Europe, and immense regions in Asia 
 and the islands of the sea, were interested and involved. 
 
 Another object to be gained by this work, is to bring to the no- 
 tice of the people, the immense resources which a bountiful Provi- 
 dence has bestowed upon them, and which it becomes, not merely a 
 privilege to use, but a duty to improve. How little is now known 
 of these treasures, and how greatly profitable such information may 
 be, needs only a thought to comprehend. Our fertile soils, our 
 noble timber trees, our genial climate, our inexhaustible mineral 
 treasurers, and our easy facilities for commerce, are, in a great de- 
 
 gree, unknown even to our own population. This volume seeks to 
 develop an appreciation of them, and to stimulate a desire to im- 
 prove and extend them. 
 
 Then, local customs, old family traits and anecdotes are so rich 
 in interest and so full of instruction to the young, that they ought 
 never to be forgotten. These, so many as time and diligence could 
 gather, are here recorded and will be found to form no unimportant 
 or uninstructive portion of this volume. 
 
 Among the most influential agencies in building a nation, and in 
 establishing a character for its people, are the efforts of its citizens 
 to educate their children and to provide for social religious wor- 
 ship. These two interests will, therefore, show most accurately the 
 tastes, the habits and aspirations of a community. 
 
 Hence they have been made prominent in the ensuing narrative, 
 and it is confidently hoped that they will not only interest our 
 readers, but will be studied and appreciated. 
 
 The work will be found embellished with views of public and 
 private property, in various parts of the County, and with por- 
 traits and biographies of many of the prominent men of the past 
 and present. 
 
 The chapter on the early Jiistory of the State, will be found inter- 
 esting and instructive. 
 
 The Constitution of the United States and of this State, and a 
 roster of the soldiers of the late war, have been inserted with a 
 view to make the work more creditable, alike to the publishers and 
 people of the county. 
 
 The work may be incomplete in some particulars. Nor indeed is 
 it possible for it to be otherwise ; but we hope, so far as it goes, it is 
 truthful and accurate. 
 
 We trust, however, that it will be the means of preserving from 
 the empire of decay a host of incidents, recollections, and anec- 
 dotes, relating to the hardy pioneers and first settlers of the county, 
 which, in the estimation of the historian and student of history, are 
 of priceless value, but which otherwise would soon fade from the 
 memories of the living. 
 
 Whether this has been well done, is not for us to say. A gener- 
 ous and intelligent public must decide. It is not permitted any 
 man to attain perfection. Its regions lie beyond our reach. We 
 feel, however, in submitting this work to the inspection of the pa- 
 trons, whose public spirit made possible its preparation, that satis- 
 faction which results from a consciousness of faithful endeavor and 
 an earnest desire to fulfil the expectations of all. 
 
 Our work is accomplished, and its result is submitted, with tran- 
 quility, to your inspection. 
 
HISTOEY 
 
 OF 
 
 ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS, 
 
 s 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 A BBIEF SKETCH OP THE NORTH-WEST TEBBITOBT. 
 GEOGKAnilCAL POSITION. 
 
 N 1784 the North-western Territory was ceded to the 
 United States by Virginia. It embraced only the 
 territory lying between the Ohio and Mississipi rivers; 
 and north, to the northern limits of the United States. 
 It coincided with the area now embraced in the states of Wiscon- 
 sin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, and that portion of Min- 
 nesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi river. On the 
 first day of March, 1784, Thomas Jeflferson, Samuel Hardy, 
 Arthur Lee, and James Monroe, delegates in Congress on the 
 part of Virginia, executed a deed of cession, by which they 
 transferred to the United States, on certain conditions, all right, 
 title and claim of Virginia to the country known as the North- 
 western Territory. But by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, 
 the western boundary of the United States was extended to the 
 Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. It includes 
 an area of 1,887,850 square miles, being greater than the united 
 areas of the Middle and Southern states, including Texas. Out 
 of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign 
 states and eight territories, with an aggregate population at the 
 present time of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one-third of the 
 entire population of the United States. 
 
 Its rivers are the largest on the continent, flowing thousands 
 of miles through its rich alluvial valleys and broad, fertile 
 
 prairies. 
 
 Its lakes are fresh-water seas, upon whose bosom floats the 
 commerce of many states. Its far-stretching prairies have more 
 acres that are arable and productive than any other area of like 
 extent on the globe. 
 
 For the last quarter of a century the increase of population 
 and wealth in the north-west has been about as three to one in 
 any otlier portion of the United States. 
 
 EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 In the year 1512, on Easter Sunday, the Spanish name for 
 
 which is Pascua Florida,* Juan Ponce de Leon, an old comrade 
 of Columbus, discovered the coast of the American continent, 
 near St. Augustine, and in honor of the day and of the blossoms 
 which covered the trees along the shore, named the new-found 
 country Florida. Juan had been led to undertake the discovery 
 of strange lands partly by the hope of finding endless stores of 
 gold, and partly by the wish to reach a fountain that was said 
 to exist deep within the forests of North America, which pos- 
 sessed the power of renovating the life of those who drank of 
 or bathed in its waters. He was made governor of the region 
 he had visited, but circumstances prevented his return thither 
 until 1521 ; and then he went only to meet death at the hands 
 of the Indians. 
 
 In the meantime, in 151G, a Spanish sea-captain, Diego Mi- 
 ruelo, had visited the coast first reached by Ponce de Leon, and 
 in his barters with the natives had received considerable quan- 
 tities of gold, with which he returned home and spread abroad 
 new stories of the wealth hidden in the interior. 
 
 Ten years, however, passed before Pampldlo de Naroaez un- 
 dertook to prosecute the examination of the lands north of the 
 Gulf of Mexico. Narvaez was excited to action by the late 
 astonishing success of the conqueror of Montezuma, but he 
 found the gold for which he sought constantly flying before him; 
 each tribe of Indians referred him to those living farther in the 
 interior. And from tribe to tribe he and his companions wan- 
 dered. They suffered untold privations in the swamps and 
 forests ; and out of three hundred followers only four or five at 
 length reached Mexico. And still these disappointed wanderers 
 persisted in their original fancy, that Florida was as wealthy as 
 Mexico or Peru. 
 
 Among those who had faith in that report was Ferdinand de 
 Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquests of Peru. He 
 asked and obtained leave of the King of Spain to conquer 
 Florida at his own cost. It was given in the year 1538. With 
 a brilliant and noble band of followers he left Europe, and in 
 May, 1538, after a stay in Cuba, anchored his vessels near the 
 
 • Pascua, the old English 
 day of Flowers." 
 
 ' Pash " or Pasaoyer ; " Pascua Florida " is the "' Holy- 
 
10 
 
 EISTOEY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 coast of the Peninsula of Florida, in the bay of Spiritu Santa, 
 or Tampa bay. 
 
 De Soto entered upon his march into the interior wiih a deter- 
 mination to succeed. From June till November of 1539, the 
 Spaniards toiled along until they reached the neighborhood of 
 Appalachee bay. During the next season, 1540, they followed 
 the course suggested by the Florida Indians, who wished them 
 out of their country, and going to the north-east, crossed the 
 rivers and climbed the mountains of Georgia. De Soto was a 
 stern, severe man, and none dared to murmur. De Soto passed 
 the winter with his little band near the Yazoo. In April, 1541, 
 the resolute Spaniard set forward, and upon the first of May 
 reached the banks of the great river of the West, not far from 
 the 35th parallel of latitude.* 
 
 A month was spent in preparing barges to convey the horses, 
 many of which still lived, across the rapid stream. Having 
 successfully passed it, the explorers pursued their way north- 
 ward, into the neighborhood of New Madrid ; theii turning 
 westward again, marched more than two hundred miles from the 
 Mississippi to the highlands of White river ; and still no gold, 
 no gems, no cities — only bare prairies, and tangled forests, and 
 deep morasses. To the south again they toiled on, and passed 
 their third winter of wandering upon the Washita. In the fol- 
 lowing spring (1542), De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, 
 descended the Washita to its junction with the Mississippi. He 
 heard, when he reached the mighty stream of the west, that its 
 lower portion flowed through endless and uninhabitable swamps. 
 
 The news sank deep into the stout heart of the disappointed 
 warrior. His health yielded to the contests of his mind and the 
 influence of the climate. He appointed a successor, and on the 
 21st of May died. His body was sunk in the stream of the Mis- 
 sissippi. Daprived of their energetic leader, the Spaniards 
 determined to try to reach Mexico by land. After some time 
 spent in wandering through the forests, despairing of success in 
 the attempt to rescue themselves by land, they proceeded to pre- 
 pare such vessels as they could to take them to sea. From 
 January to July, 1543, the weak, sickly band of gold-seekers 
 labored at the doleful task, and in July reached, in the vessels 
 thus built, the Gulf of Mexico, and by September entered the 
 river Paunco. One-half of the six hundred f who had disem- 
 barked with De Soto, so gay in steel and silk, left their bones 
 among the mountains and in the morasses of the South, from 
 Georgia to Arkansas. 
 
 De Soto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left 
 no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the 
 re.d man against the white man, and disheartened such as might 
 desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. 
 The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news 
 from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by De 
 Soto's defeat. As it was, for more than a century after the 
 expedition, the west remained utterly unknown to the whites. 
 
 The French were the first Europeans to make settlements on 
 the St. Lawrence river and along the great lakes. Quebec was 
 founded by Sir Samuel Champlain in 1608, and in 1609, when 
 Sir Henry Hudson was exploring the noble river which bears 
 
 * De Soto probably was at the lower Chioka«aw bliiffn. The Spaniards called the 
 Mississippi Rio Grande, Great River, whioh is the literal meanius of the aboriginal 
 name. 
 
 t De Biedna says there ianied 62C men. 
 
 his name, Champlain ascended the Sorelle river, and discovered, 
 embosomed between the Green mountains, or " Verdmont," as 
 the chivalrous and poetic Frenchman called them, and the Adi- 
 rondacks, the beautiful sheet of water to which his name is 
 indissolubly attached. In 1613 he founded Montreal. 
 
 During the period elapsing between the years 1607 and 1664, 
 the English, Dutch, and Swedes alternately held possession of 
 portions of the Atlantic coast, jealously watching one another, 
 and often involved in bitter controversy, and not seldom in open 
 battle, until, in the latter year, the English became the Sole 
 rulers, and maintained their rights until the era of the Kevolu- 
 tion, when they in turn were compelled to yield to the growing 
 power of their colonies, and retire from the field. 
 
 The French movements, from the first settlement at Quebec, 
 and thence westward, were led by the Catholic missionaries. Le 
 Caron, a Franciscan friar, who had been the companion and 
 friend of Champlain, was the first to penetrate the western wilds, 
 which he did in 1616* in a birch canoe, exploring Lake Huron 
 and its tributaries. This was four years before the Pilgrims 
 
 "Moored their bark on the wild New-England shore." 
 
 Under the patronage of Louis XIII., the Jesuits took the ad- 
 vance, and began vigorously the work of Christianizing the 
 savages in 1632. 
 
 In 1634, three Jesuit missionaries, Br6beuf, Daniel, and Lal- 
 lemand, planted a mission on the shores of the lake of the 
 Iroquois (probably the modern Lake Simcoe), and also esta- 
 blished others along the eastern border of Lake Huron. 
 
 From a map published in 1660, it would appear that the 
 French had, at that date, become quite familiar with the region 
 from Niagara to the head of Lake Superior, including consider- 
 able portions of Lake Michigan. 
 
 In 1641, Fathers Jogues and Raymbault embarked on the Pene- 
 tanguishiue Bay for the Sault St. Marie, where they arrived 
 after a passage of seventeen days. A crowd of two thousand 
 natives met thera, and a great council was held. At this meet- 
 ing the French first heard of many nations dwelling beyond the 
 great lakes. 
 
 Father Kaymbault died in the wilderness in 1642, while 
 enthusiastically pursuing his discoveries. The same year, Jogues 
 and Bressani were captured by the Indians and tortured, and in 
 1648 the mission which had been founded at St. Joseph was 
 taken and destroyed, and Father Daniel slain. In 1649, tlie 
 missions St. Louis and St. Ignatius were also destroyed, and 
 Fathers Br6beuf and Lallemand barbarously tortured by the 
 same terrible and unrelenting enemy. Literally did those 
 zealous missionaries of the Romish Church " take their lives in 
 their hands," and lay them a willing sacrifice on the altar of 
 their faith. 
 
 It is stated by some writer that, in 1654, two fur-traders ac- 
 companied a band of Ottawas on a journey of five hundred 
 leagues to the west. They were absent two years, and on their 
 return brought with them fifty canoes and two hundred and fifty 
 Indians to the French trading posts. 
 
 They related wonderful tales of the countries they had seen 
 and the various red nations they had visited, and described the 
 lofty mountains and mighty rivers in glowing terms. A new 
 
 •Western Annals. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 11 
 
 impulse was given to the spirit of adventure, and scouts and 
 traders swarmed the frontiers and explored the great lakes and 
 adjacent country, and a party wintered in 1659-60 on the south 
 shore of Lake Superior. 
 
 In 1660 Father Mesnard was sent out by the Bishop of 
 Quebec, and visited Lake Superior in October of that year. 
 While crossing the Keeweenaw Point he was lost in the wilder- 
 ness and never afte rwards heard from, though his cassock and 
 breviary were found long afterwards among the Sioux. 
 
 A change was made in the government of New France in 
 1665. The Company of the Hundred Associates, who had ruled 
 it since 1632, resigned its charter. Tracy was made Viceroy, 
 Courcelles Governor, and Talon Intendent.* This was called 
 the Government of the West Indies. 
 
 The Jesuit missions* were taken under the care of the new gov- 
 ernment, and thenceforward became the leaders in the movement 
 to Christianize the savages. 
 
 In the same year (1665) Pierre Claude Alloiiez was sent out 
 by way of the Ottawa river to the far west, via the Sault St. 
 Marie and the south shore of Lake Superior, where he landed at 
 the bay of Chegoimegon. Here he found the chief village of 
 the Chippewas, and established a mission. He also made an 
 alliance with them and the Sacs, Foxes and IUinois,'\ against 
 the formidable Iroquois. Alloiiez, the next year (1666) visited 
 the western end of the great lake, where he met the Sioux, and 
 from them first learned of the Mississippi river, which they 
 called " Messipi." From thence Jie returned to Quebec. 
 
 In 1668 Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette established 
 the mission at the Sault called St. Marie, and during the next 
 five years Alloiiez, Dablon and Marquette explored the region 
 of Lake Superior on the south shore, and extending to Lake 
 Michigan. They also established the missions of Chegoimegon, 
 "St. Marie, Mackinaw and Green Bay. 
 
 The plan of exploring the Mississippi probably originated with 
 Marquette. It was at once sanctioned by the Intendent, Talon, 
 who was ambitious to extend the dominion of France over the 
 whole West. 
 
 In 1670 Nicholas Perot was sent to the West to propose a 
 congress of all the nations and tribes living in the vicinity of the 
 lakes; and, in 1671, a great council was held at Sault St. Marie, 
 at which the Cross was set up, and the nations of the great 
 North-west were taken into an alliance, with much pomp and 
 ceremony. 
 
 On the 13th of May, 1673, Marquette, Joliet, and five voyageurs, 
 embarked in two birch canoes at Mackinaw and entered Lake 
 Michigan. The first nation they visited was the " FoUes-Avoines," 
 or nation of Wild Oats, since known as the Menormnies, living 
 around the " Bale des Puans," or Green Bay. These people, 
 with whom Marquette was somewhat acquainted, endeavored to 
 persuade the adventurers from visiting the Mississippi. They 
 represented the Indians on the great river as being blood-thirsty 
 and savage in the extreme, and the river itself as being in- 
 habited by monsters which would devour them and their canoes 
 together.! 
 
 * The duties of Intendent included a superrision of the policy, justice, and finance 
 of the province. 
 
 tThe meaning of this word is said to be "Men." 
 
 tSee legend of the great bird, the terrible "Piasa," that devoured men, and was 
 only overcome by the sacrifice of a brave young chief. The rocks above Alton, Illin- 
 ois, haye some rude representations of this monster. 
 
 Marquette thanked them for their advice, but declined to be 
 guided by it. Passing through Green Bay, they ascended the 
 Fox Eiver, dragging their canoes over the strong rapids, and 
 visited the village, where they found living in harmony together 
 tribes of the Miamis, Mascoutens * and Kikabeax, or Kickapoos. 
 Leaving this point on the 10th of June, they made the portage 
 to the " Ouiscomin," and descended that stream to the Missis- 
 sippi, which they entered on the 17th with a joy, as Marquette 
 says, which he could not express." f 
 
 Sailing down the Mississippi, the party reached the Des 
 Moines River, and, according to some, visited an Indian village 
 some two leagues up the stream. Here the people again tried to 
 persuade them from prosecuting their voyage down the river. 
 After a great feast and a dance, and a night passed with this 
 hospitable people, they proceeded on their way, escorted by six 
 hundred persons to their canoes. These people called themselves 
 Illinois, or Illini. The name of their tribe was Peruaca, and 
 their language a dialect of the Algonquin. 
 
 Leaving these savages, they proceeded down the river. Pass- 
 ing the wonderful rocks, which still excite the admiration of the 
 traveler, they arrived at the mouth of another great river, the 
 Pehitanoni, or Missouri of the present day. They noticed the 
 condition ,of its waters, which they described as "muddy, rush- 
 ing and noisy." 
 
 Passing a great rock, J they came to the Ouaboushigon, or 
 Ohio. Marquette shows this river very small, even as compared 
 with the Illinois. From the Ohio they passed as far down as the 
 Akamsca, or Arkansas, where they came very near being de- 
 stroyed by the natives ; but they finally pacified them, and, on 
 the 17th of July, they commenced their return voyage. 
 
 The party reached Green Bay in September without loss or 
 injury, and reported their discoveries, which were among the 
 most important of that age. Marquette afterwards returned to 
 Illinois, and preached to the natives until 1675. 
 
 On the 18th of May of that year, while cruising up the eastern 
 coast of Lake Michigan with a party of boatmen, he landed at 
 the mouth of a stream putting into the lake from the east, since 
 known as the river Marquette. He performed mass, and went a 
 little apart to pray, and being gone longer than his companions 
 deemed necessary, they went in search of him, and found him 
 dead where he had knelt. They buried him in the sand. 
 
 While this distinguished adventurer was pursuing his labors, 
 two other men were preparing to follow in his footsteps, and 
 make still further explorations, and, if possible, more important 
 discoveries. These were the Chevalier Eobert de la Salle and 
 Louis Hennepin. 
 
 La Salle was a native of Rouen, in Normandy. He was edu- 
 cated at a seminary of the Jesuits, and designed for the ministry, 1% 
 but, for reasons unknown, he left the seminary and came to 
 Canada, in 1667, where he engaged in the fur trade. 
 
 Like nearly every intelligent man, he became intensely inte- 
 rested in the new discoveries of the West, and conceived the idea 
 of exploring the passage to the great South Sea, which by many 
 was believed to exist. He made known his ideas to the Govern- 
 or-General, Count Frontenac, and desired his co-operation. The 
 Governor at once fell in with his views, which were strength- 
 ened by the reports brought back by Marquette and Joliet, and 
 
 * Prairie Indians. 
 
 f Marquette's journal. 
 
 X The grand tower. 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 advised La Salle to apply to the King of Prance in person, and 
 gave him letters of introductioii to the great Colbert, then Min- 
 ister of Finance and Marine. Accordingly, in 1675, he returned 
 to France, where he was warmly received by the King and 
 nobility, and his ideas were at once listened to, and every possi- 
 ble favor shown to him. 
 
 He was mads a Chevalier, and invested with the seigniory of 
 Fort Catarocouy, or Frontenac (now known as Kingston), upon 
 condition that he would rebuild it, as he proposed, of stone. 
 
 Returning to Canada, he wrought diligently upon the fort 
 until 1677, when he again visited France to report progress. 
 He was received, as before, with favor, and, at the instance of 
 Colbert and his son, the King granted him new letters patent 
 and new privileges. On the 14th of July, 1678, he sailed from 
 Rochelle, accompanied by thirty men, and with Tonti, an Italian, 
 for his lieutenant. They arrived at Quebec on the 13 th of Sep- 
 tember, and after a few days' delay, proceeded to Frontenac. 
 Father Lewis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar, of the Recollet sect, 
 was quietly working in Canada on La Salle's arrival. He was a 
 man of great ambition, and much interested in the discoveries of 
 the day. He was appointed by his religious superiors to accom- 
 pany the expedition fitting out for La Salle. 
 
 Sending agents forward to prepare the Indians for his coming, 
 and to open trade with them. La Salle himself embarked, on the 
 18th of November, in a little brigantine of ten tons, to cross 
 Lake Ontario. This was the first ship of European build that 
 ever sailed upon this fresh-water sea. Contrary winds made the 
 voyage long and troublesome, and a month was consumed in 
 beating up the lake to the Niagara River. Near the mouth of 
 this river the Iroquois had a village, and here La Salle con- 
 structed the first fortification, which afterwards grew into the 
 famous Fort Niagara. On the 26th of January, 1679, the keel 
 of the first vessel built on Lake Erie was laid at the mouth of 
 the Cayuga Creek, on the American side, about six miles above 
 the falls. 
 
 In the meantime La Salle had returned to Fort Frontenac to 
 forward supplies for his forthcoming vessel. The little barque 
 on Lake Ontario was wrecked by carelessness, and a large 
 amount of the supplies she carried was lost. On the 7th of Au- 
 gust, the new vessel was launched, and made ready to sail. She 
 was about seventy tons' burden. 
 
 La Salle christened his vessel the " Griffin," in honor of the 
 arms of Count Froatenac. Passing across Lake Erie, and into 
 the small lake, which they named St. Clair, they entered the 
 broad waters of Lake Huron. Here they encountered heavy 
 storm?, as dreadful as those upon the ocean, and after a most 
 tempestuous passage they took refuge in the roadstead of MichilU- 
 mackmao (Mackinaw), on the 27th of August. La Salle remained 
 at this point until the middle of September, busy in founding a 
 fort and constructing a trading-house, when he went forward 
 upon the deep waters of Lake Michigan, and soon after cast 
 anchor in Green Bay. Finding here a large quantity of furs and 
 peltries, he determined to load his vesssl and send her back to 
 Niagara. On the 18th of September, she was sent under charge 
 of a pilot, while La Salle himself, with fourteen men,* proceeded 
 mp Lake Michigan, leisurely examining its shores and noting 
 everything of interest. Tonti, who had been sent to look after 
 
 » Annals of the West. 
 
 strao'o-lers, was to join him at the Head of the lake. From the 
 19th of September to the 1st of November, the time was occupied 
 in the voyage up this inland sea. On the last-named day. La 
 Salle arrived at the mouth of the river Miamis, now St. Joseph. 
 Here he constructed a fort, and remained nearly a month wait, 
 ing for tidings of his vessel ; but, hearing nothing, he determined 
 to push on before the winter should prevent him. On the 3d 
 of December, leaving ten men to garrison the fort, he started 
 overland towards the head-waters of the Illinois, accompanied 
 by three monks and twenty men. Ascending the St. Joseph 
 River, he crossed a short portage and reached the The-a-ki-M, 
 since corrupted into Kankakee. Embarking on this sluggish 
 stream, they came shortly to the Illinois, and soon after found a 
 village of the Illinois Indians, probably in the vicinity of the 
 rocky bluflTs, a few miles above the present city of La Salle, Illi- 
 nois. They found it deserted, but the Indians had quite a 
 quantity of maize stored here, and La Salle, being short of 
 provisions, helped himself to what he required. Passing 
 down the stream, the party, on the 4th of January, came to a 
 lake, probably the Lake Peoria, as there is no other upon this 
 stream. Here they found a great number of natives, who were 
 gentle and kind, and La Salle determined to construct a fort. 
 It stood on a rise of ground near the river, and was named 
 Creve- Cceur * (broken-heart), most probably on account of the 
 low spirits of the commander, from anxiety for his vessel and 
 the uncertainty of the future. Possibly he had heard of the loss 
 of the " Griffin," which occurred on her downward trip from 
 Green Bay ; most probably on Lake Huron. He remained at 
 the Lake Peoria through the winter, but no good tidings came, 
 and no supplies. His men were discontented, but the brave 
 adventurer never gave up hope. He resolved to send a party on 
 a voyage of exploration up the Mississippi, under the lead of 
 Father Hennepin, and he himself would proceed on foot to Niag- 
 ara and Frontenac, to raise more means and enlist new men ; 
 while Tonti, his lieutenant, should stay at the fort, which they 
 were to strengthen in the meantime, and extend their intercourse 
 with the Indians. 
 
 Hennepin started on his voyage on the last day of February, 
 1680, and La Salle soon after, with a few attendants, started on 
 his perilous journey of twelve hundred miles by the way of the 
 Illinois River, the Miami, and Lakes Erie and Ontario, to 
 Frontenac, which he finally reached in safety. He found his 
 worst fears realized. The " Griffin " was lost, his agents had 
 taken advantage of his absence, and his creditors had seized his 
 goods. But he knew no such word as fail, and by the middle of 
 summer he was again on his way with men and supplies for his 
 band in Illinois. A sad disappointment awaited him. He found 
 his fort deserted, and no tidings of Tonti and his men. During 
 La Salle's absence the Indians had become jealous of the French, 
 and they had been attacked and harassed even by the Iroquois, 
 who came the long distance between the shores of Lake Ontario 
 and the Illinois River to make war upon the more peaceable 
 tribes dwelling on the prairies. Uncertain of any assistance 
 from La Salle, and apprehensive of a general war with the sav- 
 ages, Tonti, in September, 1680, abandoned his position and re- 
 turned to the shores of the lakes. La Salle reached the post on 
 the Illinois in December, 1680, or January,- 1681. Again 
 
 * The bite of the work is at present unknown. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIE COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 13 
 
 bitterly disappointed, La Salle did not succumb, but resolved to 
 return to Canada and start anew. Tl)'" he did, and in June met 
 his lieutenant, Tonti, at Mackinaw. 
 
 Hennepin in the meanwhile had mm with strange adventures. 
 After leaving Creve-Coeur, he reached the Mississippi in seven 
 days ; but his way was so obstructed by ice that he was until the 
 11th of April reaching the Wisconsin line. Here he was taken 
 prisoner by some northern Indians, who, however, treated him 
 kindly and took him and his companions to the fells of St. An- 
 thony, which they reached on the 1st of May. These falls Hen- 
 nepin named in honor of his patron saint. Hennepin and his 
 companions remained here for three months, treated very kindly 
 by their captors. At the end of this time they met with a band 
 of French, led by one Sieur de Luth, * who, in pursuit of game 
 and trade, had penetrated to this country by way of Lake Su- 
 perior. With his band Hennepin and his companions returned 
 to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just 
 after La Salle had gone back to the wilderness. Hennepin re- 
 turned to France, where, in 1684, he published a narrative of 
 his wonderful adventures. 
 
 Robert De La Salle, whose name is more closely connected 
 with the explorations of the Mississippi than that of any other, was 
 the next to descend the river in the year 1682. Formal posses- 
 sion was taken of the great river and all the countries bordering 
 upon it or its tributaries in the name of the King. 
 
 La Salle and his party now retraced their steps towards the 
 north. They met with no serious trouble until they reached the 
 Chickasaw Bluffi, where they had erected a fort on their down- 
 ward voyage, and named it Prudhomme. Here La Salle was 
 taken violently sick. Unable to proceed, he sent forward Tonti 
 to communicate with Count Frontenao. La Salle himself reached 
 the mouth of the St. Joseph the latter part of September. From 
 that point he sent Father Zenobe with his dispatches to represent 
 him at court, while he turned his attention to the fur trade and 
 to the project of completing a fort, which he named St. Louis, 
 upon the Illinois River. The precise location of this work is not 
 known. It was said to be upon a rocky bluff two hundred and 
 fifty feet high, and only accessible upon one side. There are no 
 bluffs of such a height on the Illinois River answering the de- 
 scription. It may have been on the rocky bluff above La Salle, 
 where the rocks are perhaps one hundred feet in height. 
 
 Upon the completion of this work La Salle again sailed for 
 France, which he reached on the 13th of December, 1683. A 
 new man, La Barre, had now succeeded Frontenac as Governor 
 of Canada. This man was unfriendly towards La Salle, and 
 this, with other untoward circumstances, no doubt led him to at- 
 tempt the colonization of the Mississippi country by way of the 
 mouth of the river. Notwithstanding many obstacles were in his 
 path, he succeeded in obtaining the grant of a fleet from the 
 King, and on the 24th of July, 1684, a fleet of twenty-four ves- 
 sels sailed from Rochelle to America, four of which were destined, 
 for Louisiana, and carried a body of two hundred g,nd eighty 
 people, including the crews. There were soldiers, artificers, and 
 volunteers, and also " some young women." Discord soon broke 
 out between M. de Beaujeu and La Salle, and grew from bad to 
 worse. On the 20th of December they reached the island of St. 
 Domingo. 
 
 ♦From this man undoubtedly comes the name of Duluth. 
 
 Joutel * was sent out with this party, which left on the 4th of 
 February, and traveled eastward three days, when they came to 
 a great stream which they could not cross. Here they made sig- 
 nals by building great fires, and on the 13th two of the vessels 
 came in sight. The stream was sounded and the vessels 
 were anchored under shelter. But again misfortune overtook 
 La Salle, and the vessel was wrecked, and the bulk of the sup- 
 plies was lost. At this juncture M. de Beaujeu, his second in 
 command, set sail and returned to France. La Salle now con- 
 structed a rude shelter from^ the timbers of his wrecked vessel, 
 placed his people inside of it, and set out to explore the sur- 
 rounding country in hope of finding the Mississippi. He was, of 
 course, disappointed ; but found on a stream, which is named the 
 Vaches, a good site for a fort. He at once removed his camp, 
 and, after incredible exertions, constructed a fortification suffi- 
 cient to protect them from the Indians. This fort was situated 
 on Matagorda Bay, within the present limits of Texas, and was 
 called by La Salle Fort St. Louis. 
 
 Leaving Joutel to complete the work with one hundred men, 
 La Salle took the remainder of the company and embarked 
 on the river, with the intention of proceeding as far up as he 
 could. The savages soon became troublesome, and on the 14th 
 of July La Salle ordered Joutel to join him with his whole force. 
 They had already lost several of their best men, and dangers 
 threatened them on every side. It would seem from the histo- 
 rian's account of the expedition that La Salle began to erect 
 another fort, and also that he became morose and severe in his 
 discipline, so much so as to get the ill will of many of his people. 
 He finally resolved to advance into the country, but whether 
 with the view of returning to Canada by way of Illinois, or only 
 for the purpose of making further discoveries, Joutel leaves in 
 doubt. Giving his last instructions, he left the fort on the 12th 
 day of January, 1687, with a company of about a dozen men, 
 including his brother, two nephews. Father Anastasius, a Francis- 
 Can friar, Joutel, and others, and moved north-eastward, as is 
 supposed, until the 17th of March, when some of his men, who 
 had been cherishing revengeful feelings for some time, waylaid 
 the Chevalier and shot him dead. They also slew one of his 
 nephews and two of his servants. 
 
 This deed occurred on the 20th of March, on a stream called 
 Cenis. 
 
 In 1687, France was involved in a long and bloody war. The 
 League of Augsburg was formed by the Princes of the Empire 
 against Louis XIV., and England, Spain, Holland, Denmark, 
 Sweden, and Savoy took up arms, and Louis found himself bat- 
 tling with nearly the whole of Europe, and only Turkey for an 
 ally. This war ended with the peace of Ryswick in 1697. 
 
 No material change took place in America, but the colonists 
 were harassed and many of their people killed or carried cap- 
 tives to the Canadas. In 1688, the French possessions in North 
 America included nearly the whole of the continent north of the 
 St. Lawrence, and the entire valley of the Mississippi ; and they 
 had begun to establish a line of fortifications extending from 
 Quebec to the mouth of the Mississippi, between which points 
 they had three great lines of communication, to wit : by way of 
 Mackinaw, Green Bay, and the Wisconsin River ; by way of 
 Lake Michigan, the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers ; and by way 
 
 * Joutel, historian of the voyage, accompanied La Salle, and subsequently wrcto 
 his "Journal Historique," which was published in Paris, 1713. 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 of Lake Erie, the Maumee and Wabash Rivers, and were pre- 
 paring to explore the Ohio as a fourth route. 
 
 In 1699, D'Iberville, under the authority of the crown, disco- 
 vered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth of 
 the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the 
 natives " Malbouchia," and by the Spaniards, " La Palissade," 
 from the great number of trees about its mouth. After travers- 
 ing the several outlets, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, 
 he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to France. 
 An avenue of trade was now opened out, which was fully im- 
 proved. 
 
 At this time a census of New France showed a total popula- 
 tion of eleven thousand two hundred and forty-nine Europeans. 
 War again broke out in 1701, and extended over a period of 
 twelve years, ending with the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713. This 
 also extended to the American Colonies, and its close left every- 
 thing as before, with the exception that Nova Scotia was cap- 
 tured in 1710. , 
 
 In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some 
 European colonists. In 1762, the colony was made over to 
 Spain, to be regained by France, under the consulate of Napo- 
 leon. 
 
 In 1803, it was purchased by the United States, for the sum 
 of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and the 
 commerce of the Mississippi river, came under the charge of the 
 United States. Although La Salle's labors ended in defeat and 
 death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
 open to France and the world an immense and most valuable 
 country. Had established several ports, and laid the foundation 
 of more than one settlement there. "Peoria, Kaskaskia and Ca- 
 hokia are to this day monuments of La Salle's labors ; for, 
 though he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which 
 was built nearly upon the site of Fort Greveooeur), it was by those 
 he led into the west that these places were peopled and civilized. 
 He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi 
 Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored."* 
 
 The French early improved the opening made for them, and 
 before 1693, the Reverend Father Gravier began a mission 
 among the Illinois, and became the founder of Kaskaskia. For 
 some time it was merely a missionary station, and the inhabitants 
 of the village consisted entirely of natives ; it being one of three 
 such villages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. This we 
 learn from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated 
 " Aux Gascaskias, Autrement dit de I'lmmaculee concepcion de 
 la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." In this letter, the 
 writer tells us that Gravier must be regarded as the founder of 
 the Illinois missions. Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the 
 missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia,f while Peoria 
 arose near the remains of Fort Crevecoeur.J 
 
 An unsuccessful attempt was also made to found a colony on 
 the Ohio. It failed in consequence of sicknes9.§ 
 
 In the north, De La Motte Cadillac, in June, 1701, laid the 
 
 * The authorities in relation to La Salle are Hennepin ; a narrative published in 
 the name of Tonti, in 1697, but disclaimed by him. (Charlevoix iii. ses.-Lettres 
 Edifiantes). 
 
 f Bancroft, iii. 196. 
 
 X There was an old Peoria on the North-west shore of the lake of that name, a mile 
 and a half above the outlet. From 1778 to 1796 the inhabitants left this for New Peo- 
 ria, (Fort Clark) at the outlet. American State Papers, xviii. 476. 
 
 g We»tefrn Annals. 
 
 foundation of Fort Pontchartrain, on the strait, (le Detroit),* 
 while in the southwest efforts were making to realize the dreams 
 of La Salle. The leader in the last named enterprise was Le- 
 moine D'Iberville, a Canadian officer, who from 1694 to 1697 
 distinguished himself not a little by battles and conquests among 
 the icebergs of the " Baye D'Udson or Hudson's Bay." 
 
 The post at Vincennes, on the Oubache river, (pronounced 
 Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly), was established 
 in 1702. It is quite probable that on La Salle's last trip he 
 established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Until the 
 year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the north- 
 west, as it was not until this time that the attention of the 
 English was called to the occupation of this portion of the new 
 world, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a mission- 
 ary among the Illinois, writing " Aux Illinois," six leagues from 
 Fort Ghartres, June 8th, 1750, says : " We have here whites, 
 negroes, and Indians, to say nothing of the cross-breeds. There 
 are five French villages, and threa villages of the natives within 
 a space of twenty-one leagues, situated between the Mississippi 
 and another river, called the Karkadiad (Kaskaskia). In the 
 five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three 
 hundred blacks, and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
 three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred 
 souls all told.f Most of the French till the soil. They raise 
 wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three 
 times as much is produced as ca,n be consumed, and great quan- 
 tities of gram and flour are sent to New Orleans." 
 
 Again, in an epistle dated November 17th, 1750, Vivier says : 
 " For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi, one sees 
 no dwellings * * * * , New Orleans contains black, white and 
 red, not more, I think, than twelve hundred persons. To this 
 point come all kinds of lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins, 
 and bear's grease ; and above all pork and flour from the Illinois. 
 These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more 
 have come hither this year. Above New Orleans plantations are 
 again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, 
 some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five 
 leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, 
 within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations- 
 Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez post, where we have a 
 garrison." 
 
 Father Marest, writing from the post at Vincennes, makes the 
 same observation. Vivier also says, " Some individuals dig lead 
 near the surface, and supply the Indians and Canada. Two 
 Spaniards, now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines 
 are like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper we 
 would find silver under the lead ; at any rate the lead is excellent. 
 There are also in this country, beyond doubt, copper mines, as 
 from time to time, large pieces have been found in the streams."J 
 
 At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied in addition 
 to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du 
 Quesne, one at the Maumee, in the country of the Miamis, and 
 one at Sandusky, in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In 
 the northern part of the north-west, they had stations at St. 
 Joseph's, on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, at Fort Pont- 
 
 * Charlevoix, ii. 284. Le Detroit was the whole strait from Erie to Huron. The 
 first grants of land at Detroit, i. e., Fort Pontchartrain, were made in 1707 
 
 t Lettres Edifiantes (Paris, 1781), vii. 97-106. 
 X Western Annals, 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 15 
 
 chartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackinac or Massillimacinac, 
 Pox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest 
 dreams of La Salle were now fully realized. The French alone 
 were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery 
 and settlement. Another nation, however, was now turning its 
 attention to this extensive country, and learning of its wealth 
 began to lay plans for occupying it and for securing the great 
 profits arising therefrom. 
 
 The French, however, had another claim to this country, 
 namely, the 
 
 DISCOVERY OP THE OHIO. 
 
 The largest branch of the Mississippi river from the east, 
 known to the early French settlers as la belle riviere, called 
 " beautiful " river, was discovered by Robert, Cavalier de La 
 Salle, in 1669. AVhile La Salle was at his trading post on the 
 St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the 
 chief of which was the Iroquois. While conversing with some 
 Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their 
 country and flowed to the sea. 
 
 In this statement the Mississippi and its tributaries were con- 
 sidered as one stream. La Salle, believing as most of the French 
 at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into 
 the Sea of California, was anxious to embark in the enterprise of 
 discovering a route across the continent. He repaired at once to 
 Quebec to obtain the approval of the Governor and the Intend- 
 ent, Talon. They issued letters patent, authorizing the enter- 
 prise, but made no provisions to defray the expenses. 
 
 At this juncture the seminary St. Sulpice decided to send out 
 missionaries in connection with the expedition, and La Salle 
 offering to sell his improvements at La Chive to raise the money, 
 the ofier was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight 
 hundred dollars were raised, with which La Salle purchased four 
 canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four 
 persons, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence. Two 
 additional canoes carried the Indian guides. 
 
 In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake On- 
 tario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca vil- 
 lage on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
 city of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure 
 guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disap- 
 pointed. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their 
 object, they met aii Indian from the Iroquois colony, at the head 
 of Lake Ontario, who assured them they could find guides, and 
 offered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the 
 mouth of Niagara river, when they heard for the first time the 
 distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving among the Iroquois 
 they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawnee 
 prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. Delighted 
 with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
 their journey, and as they were about to start they heard of the 
 arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them 
 proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in 
 the west. He had been sent by the Canadian government to ex- 
 plore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed and was 
 on his way back to Quebec. 
 
 On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as La Salle had 
 predicted, the Jesuit fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying 
 
 the field. After parting with the priests. La Salle went to the 
 chief Iroquois village at Onondago, where he obtained guides 
 and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake 
 Erie, he descended the latter as far as the falls of Louisville. 
 Thus was the Ohio discovered by La Salle, the persevering and 
 successful French explorer of the west in 1669. 
 
 AVhen Washington was sent out by the colony of Virginia in 
 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had 
 built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at 
 Quebec replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue 
 of the discoveries of La Salle, and will not give it up to the 
 English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman 
 found trading in the Ohio valley." 
 
 ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 We have sketched the progress of French discovery in the 
 Talley of the Mississippi. The first travelers reached that river 
 in 1673, and when the year 1750 broke in upon the father of 
 waters and the great north-west, all was still except those little 
 spots upon the prairies of Illinois and among the marshes of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Volney, by conjecture, fixes the settlement of Vincennes about 
 1785.* Bishop Brute, of Indiana, speaks of a missionary station 
 there in 1700, and adds : " The friendly tribes and traders called 
 to Canada for protection, and then M. De Vincennes came with 
 a detachment, I think, of Carignau, and was killed in 1735." f 
 Bancroft says a military establishment was formed there in 1716, 
 and in 1742 a settlement of herdsmen took place. J In a petition 
 of the old inhabitants at Vincennes, dated in November, 1793, 
 we find the settlement spoken of as having been made before 
 1742. § And such is the, general voice of tradition. On the 
 other hand, Charlevoix, who records the death of Vincennes, 
 which took place among the Chickasaws, in 1736, makes no 
 mention of any post on the Wabash, or any missionary station 
 there. Neither does he mark any upon his map, although he 
 gives even the British forts upon the Tennessee and elsewhere. 
 Such is the character of the proof relative to the settlement of 
 Vincennes. 
 
 Hennepin, in 1663-4, had heard of the " Hohio." The route 
 from the lakes to the Mississippi, by the Wabash, was explored 
 1676, II and in Hennepin's volume of 1698, is a journal, said to 
 be that sent by La Salle to Count Frontenac, in 1682 or '83, 
 which mentions the route by the Maumee ^ and Wabash as the 
 most direct to the great western river. 
 
 In 1749, when the English first began to think seriously of 
 sending men into the west, the greater portions of the states of 
 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota 
 were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew 
 however, of the nature of the vast wealth of these wilds. 
 
 In the year 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had ma- 
 tured a plan and commenced movements, the object of which was 
 to secure the country beyond the Alleghenies to the English 
 crown. In Pennsylvania, also. Governor Keith and James Lo- 
 gan, Secretary of the Province from 1719 to 1731, represented 
 to the powers of England the necessity of taking steps to secure 
 the western lands. Nothing, however, was done by the mother 
 
 * Volney's View, p. 336. t Butler's Kentucky. % History U. S., iii , 3M. 
 
 I American State Papers, xvi., 32. || Hiatoire General Des Voyages xiv., 758. 
 
 K Now called Miami. 
 
16 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 country, except to take certain diplomatic steps to secure the 
 claim of Britain to this unexplored wilderness. England had 
 from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the 
 ground that the discovery and possession of the sea coast was a 
 discovery and possession of the country ; and as is well known, 
 her grants to Virginia, Connecticut, and other colonies, were 
 through from " sea to sea." This was not all her claims ; she had 
 purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This was 
 also a strong argument. 
 
 In the year 1684, Lord Howard, Governor of Virginia, held a 
 treaty with the five nations at Albany. These were the great 
 Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, 
 Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the 
 Tuscajoras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known 
 as the six nations. They came under the protection of the 
 mother country, and again in 1701 they repeated the agreement. 
 Another formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs of 
 the National Confederacy in 1726, by which their lands were 
 conveyed in trust to England, " to be protected and defended by 
 his majesty, to and for the use of the grantors and their heirs." 
 The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never 
 successfully. In 1774, a purchase was made at Lancaster of 
 certain lands within the " colony of Virginia," for which the In- 
 dians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a 
 promise that as settlements increased, more should be paid. The 
 commissioners from Virginia at the treaty were Col. Thomas Lee 
 and Col. William Beverly. 
 
 As settlements extended, and the Indians began to complain, 
 the promise of further pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad 
 Weiser was sent across the AUeghenies to Logstown. In 1784,* 
 Col. Lee and some Virginians accompanied him, with the inten- 
 tion of ascertaining the feelings of the Indians with regard to 
 further settlements in the west, which Col. Lee and others were 
 contemplating. The object of these proposed settlements was not 
 the cultivation of the soil, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. 
 Accordingly, after Weiser's conference with the Indians at Logs- 
 town, which was favorable to their views, Thomas Lee, with 
 twelve other Virginians, among whom were Lawrence and Augus- 
 tine, brothers of George "Washington, and also Mr. Hanbury, of 
 London, formed an association which they called the "Ohio 
 Company," and in 1748 petitioned the king for a grant beyond 
 the mountains. This petition was approved by the English 
 government, and the government of Virginia was ordered to 
 grant to the petitioners half a million of acres within the bounds 
 of that colony beyond the AUeghenies, two hundred thousand of 
 which were to be located at once. This portion was to be held 
 for ten years free of quit-rent, provided the company would put 
 there one hundred families within seven years, and build a fort 
 suflicient to protect the settlement. The company accepted the 
 proposition, and sent to London for a cargo suited to the Indian 
 trade, which should arrive in November, 1749. Other companies 
 were also formed about this time in Virginia to colonize the west. 
 On the 12th of June, 1749, a grant of 800,000 acres from the 
 line of Canada, on the north and west, was made to the Loyal 
 Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, another of 100,000 
 acres to the Greenbriar Company.f 
 
 The French were not blind all this time. They saw that if the 
 
 * Plain Facts, pp. 40, 120. 
 
 t Revised Statutes of Virginia. 
 
 British once obtained a stronghold upon the Ohio, they might 
 not only prevent their settlements upon it, but in time would 
 come to the lower posts, and so gain possession of the whole 
 country. Upon the 10th of May, 1744, Vaudreuil, the French 
 governor, well knowing the consequences that must arise from 
 allowing the English to build trading posts in the north-west, 
 seized some of their frontier posts, to further secure the claims of 
 the French to the west. Having these fears, and seeing the 
 danger of the late movements of the British, Gallisoniere, then 
 Governor of Canada, determined to place along the Ohio evi- 
 dences of the French claim to, and possessioif of, the country. 
 For that purpose he sent, in the summer of 1749, Louis Celeron, 
 with a party of soldiers, to place plates of lead, on which were 
 written out the claims of the French, in the mounds and at the 
 mouths of the rivers. These were heard of by William Trent, 
 an Indian commissioner, sent out by Virginia in 1752, to treat 
 with and conciliate the Indians, while upon the Ohio, and men- 
 tioned in his journal. One of these plates was found with the 
 inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16th, 1749, and 
 a copy of the inscription, with particular account, was sent by 
 De Witt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among 
 whose journals it may now be found. These measures did not, 
 however, deter the English from going on with their explora- 
 tions. 
 
 In February, 1751, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
 Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the 
 Twigtwees, on the Miami, about 150 miles above its mouth. 
 From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls, at 
 the present city of Louisville, and in November he commenced 
 a survey of the company's lands.- In 1751, General Andrew 
 Lewis commenced some surveys in the Greenbrier country, on 
 behalf of the company already mentioned. Meanwhile the 
 French were busy in preparing their forts for defence, and in 
 opening roads. In 1752 having heard of the trading houses on 
 the Miami River, they, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, 
 attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the 
 natives were killed and otliers wounded, captured the garrison. 
 The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says 
 several were burned. This fort, or trading house was called by 
 the English writers Pickawillany. A memorial of the king's 
 ministers refers to it as " Pickawellanes, in the center of the terri- 
 tory between Ohio and the Wabash." This was the first blood 
 shed between the French and English, and occurred near the 
 present city of Piqua, Ohio. The English were determined on 
 their part to purchase a title from the Indians of lands which 
 they wished to occupy, and in the spring of 1752, Messrs. Fry,* 
 Lomax and Patton, were sent from Virginia to hold a conference 
 with the natives at Logstown, to learn what they objected to in 
 the treaty at Lancaster, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th 
 June the commissioners met the red men at Logstown. This 
 was a village seventeen miles below Pittsburgh, upon the north 
 side of the Ohio. Here had been a trading point for many years, 
 but it was abandoned by the Indians in 1750. At first the 
 Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but the 
 commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a 
 son of the famous Catherine Montour, and a chief among the six 
 nations, being three-fourths of Indian blood, through his influence 
 
 •Afterwards Commnndcr-in-Chicf over Washington, at the commcncemont of the 
 French War of 1775. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 17 
 
 an agreement was effected, and upon the 13th of June they all 
 united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its 
 fullest extent. Meanwhile the powers beyond the seas were try- 
 ing to out-manoeuver each other, and were professing to be at 
 peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and secured 
 themselves^ as they thought, by their politic conduct. But the 
 French, in this as in all cases, proved that they knew best how 
 to manage the natives. While these measures were taken, another 
 treaty with the wild men of the debatable land was also in con- 
 templation. And in September, 1753, William Fairfax met their 
 deputies at WiuShester, Virginia, where he concluded a treaty. 
 In the month following, however, a more satisfactory interview 
 took place at Carlisle, between the representatives of the Iroquois, 
 Delawares, Shawnees, Twigtwees, and Wyandots, and the com- 
 missioners of Pennsylvania, Richard Peters, Isaac Norris, and 
 Benjamin Franklin. Soon after this, no satisfaction being 
 obtained from the Ohio, either as to the force, position, or pur- 
 poses of the French, Robert Dinwiddie, then Governor of Vir- 
 ginia, determined to send to them another messenger, and learn 
 if possible their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young 
 surveyor, Avho, at the ago of nineteen had attained the rank of 
 major, and whose previous life had inured him to hardships and 
 woodland ways ; while his courage, cool judgment, and firm will, 
 all fitted him for such a mission. This personage was no other 
 than the illustrious George Washington, who then held consider- 
 able interest in western lands. He was twenty-one years old at 
 the time of the appointment.* Taking Gist as a guide, the two, 
 accompanied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. 
 They left Will's Creek, where Cumberland now is, on the 15th 
 of November, and on the 22d reached the Monongahela, about 
 ten miles above the fork. From' there they went to Logstown, 
 where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the 
 six nations. Here he learned the position of the French, and 
 also that they had determined not to come down the river until 
 the following spring. The Indians were non-committal, they 
 deeming a neutral position the safest. Washington, finding no- 
 thing could be done, went on to Venango, an old Indian town 
 at the mouth of the French Creek, Here the French had a fort 
 called Fort Machault.- On the 11th of December he reached the 
 fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Gover- 
 nor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, and upon the 16th 
 set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, 
 and a few Indians who still remained true to him. They reached 
 home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of 
 St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by Washington 
 to Governor Dinwiddie, it was perfectly clear that the French 
 would not yield the West without a struggle. Active preparations 
 were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming con- 
 flict, while the French finished their fort at Venango and strength- 
 ened their lines of fortifications to be in readiness. The Old 
 Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great activities. 
 Volunteers were called for, and from the neigTiboring colonies 
 men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac 
 men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation, — which 
 promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this 
 river they were gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond 
 this point, whither Trent had come for assistance, for his little 
 band of forty one men, who were working away in hunger and 
 
 * Sparks' Washington, Vol. ii., pp. 428^47. 
 
 want, to fortify that point at ths fjrk of ths Ohio, to which both 
 parties were looking with deep interest. The first birds of spring 
 filled the forest with their songs. The swift river rolled by the 
 Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of spring and 
 April showers. The leaves were appearing, a few Indian scouts 
 were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand, and all was so 
 quiet that Frazier, an old Indian trader, who had been left by 
 Trent in command of the new fort, ventured to his home at the 
 mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But 
 though all was so quiet in that wilderness, keen eyes had seen the 
 low entrenchment that was rising at the fork, and swift feet had 
 borne the news of it up the valley, and on the morning of the 
 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon 
 the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink; — sixty batteaux 
 and three hundred canoes, filled with men, and laden deep with 
 cannon and stores. The fort was called on to surrender : by the 
 advice of the Half-King, Ward tried to evade the act, but it 
 would not do. Contrecoeur, with a thousand men about him, 
 said ' Evacuate,' and the ensign dared not refuse. That evening 
 he supped with his captor, and the next day was bowed off by the 
 Frenchman, and, with his men and tools, marched up the Mon- 
 onghahela." The French and Indian war had begun. The 
 treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the foundries between 
 the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events 
 already narrated sho'w that the French were determined to hold 
 the country watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries : while 
 the English laid claim to the country by virtue of the discoveries 
 by the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New Foundland 
 to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first deci- 
 sive blow had been struck, and the first attempt of the English, 
 through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands had resulted 
 disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately 
 completed the fortifications begun at the fork, which they had so 
 easily captured, and when completed gave to the fort the name 
 of Du Quesnc. Washington was at Will's creek, when the news 
 of the capture of the fort arrived, He at once departed to re- 
 capture it. On his way he entrenched himself at a place called 
 the "Meadows," where lis erected a fort called by him Fort 
 Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
 French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after 
 attacked by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on 
 the morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 
 The English Government immediately planned four cam- 
 paigns, one against Fort Du Quesne, one against Nova Scotia, 
 one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These 
 occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the 
 French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort Du 
 Quesne was led by the famous Braddock, who, refusing to listen 
 to.the advice of Washington and those acquainted with Indian 
 warfare, suffered an inglorious defeat. This occurred on the 
 morning of July 9th, and is generally .known as the battle of 
 Monongahela or " Braddock's defeat." The war continued 
 through various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7, when, 
 at the commencement of 1758, in accordance with the plans of 
 William Pitt, then secretary of state, afterwards Lord Chatham, 
 active preparations were made to carry on the war. Three 
 expeditions were planned for this year: one under General 
 Amherst, against Louisburg ; another under Abercrombic, 
 against Fort Ticondcrcga ; and a third under General Forbes, 
 
18 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 against Fort Du Quesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg 
 surrendered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, 
 and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the 
 hands of the British. Abererombie captured Fort Frontenac, 
 and when the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, of which 
 Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
 found in flames and deserted. The English at once took 
 possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious 
 statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. 
 
 The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction 
 of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Am- 
 herst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point ; and General 
 Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken 
 in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life. Amherst cap- 
 tured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, without a blow; and 
 Wolfe, after making the memorable ascent to the plains of 
 Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 
 18th the city capitulated. In this engagement, Montcalm and 
 Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
 marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose 
 of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following 
 April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French 
 and Indian war. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and 
 the fall of the city of Montreal. The Governor signed a capitu- 
 lation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the 
 English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not 
 until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and Eng- 
 land were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of 
 that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the 
 Mississippi and north of the Iberville river in Louisiana, were 
 ceded to England. At the same time, Spain ceded Florida to 
 Great Britain. 
 
 On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was 
 sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining 
 French post in the territory. He arrived there on the 9th of 
 November, and summoned the place to surrender. At first the 
 commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 29th, hearing 
 of the continued defeat of the French army, surrendered. The 
 North-west Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
 In 1 762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, 
 to prevent it fulling into the hands of the English, who were 
 becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty 
 of Paris, signed at Foutainbleau, gave to the English the domi- 
 nion in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace 
 between the United States and England, that part of Canada 
 lying south and west of the great lakes, comprehending a largo 
 territory, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States. 
 In 1803 Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by 
 France sold to the United States. By the treaty of Paris, the 
 regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other 
 towns of the north-west, were given over to England ; but they 
 do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
 Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, estab- 
 lished himself at Fort Chartres, bearing with him the jiroclania- 
 tion of General Gage, dated December 30th, 1764, which pro- 
 mised religious freedom to all Catholics who worshiped here 
 and the right to leave the country with their effects if they 
 wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. During 
 the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
 
 and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were 
 firmly established between the AUeghenies and the Ohio river, 
 and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the 
 Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia, on July 5th, 1773, 
 an association of English traders, calling themselves the " Illinois 
 Land Company," obtained from the chiefs of the Kaskaskia, 
 Cahokia, and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the 
 east side of the Mississippi river south of the Illinois. In 1775 
 a merchant from the Illinois country, named Viviat, came to 
 Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the " Wa- 
 bash Land Company." On the 8th of October.he obtained from 
 eleven Piankeshaw chiefs a deed for 37,497,600 acres of land. 
 This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of 
 the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the oflSce 
 of a Notary Public at Kaskaskia. This and other land compa- 
 nies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West; but 
 all were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolutionary 
 war. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named 
 consolidated under the name of the " United Illinois and Wabash 
 Laud Company;" they afterwards made strenuous efforts to 
 have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. 
 When the war of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an 
 unorganized country, there being settlements within her borders. 
 
 In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that 
 time Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and 
 black inhabitants, the whites being a little the more numerous. 
 Cahokia contained fifty houses, 300 white inhabitants, and 80 
 negroes. There were east of the Mississippi river, about the year 
 1771 — when these observations were made — "300 white men 
 capable of bearing arms, and 230 negroes." From 1775 until 
 the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known 
 of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by 
 a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
 extract is made: "Near the mouth of the river Kaskaskia, there 
 is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty fami- 
 lies from the beginning of the late Revolution ; there are twelve 
 families at a small village at La Prairie Du Rochers, and nearly 
 fifty families at the Cahokia village. There are also four or five 
 families at Fort Chartres and St. Philip's, which is five miles 
 further up the river." St. Louis had been settled in February, 
 1764, and at this time contained, including its neighboring towns, 
 over six hundred white and one hundred and fifty negroes. It 
 must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi 
 was under French rule, and remained so until ceded back to 
 Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country 
 including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit, there 
 were, according to Captain Carver, who was in the north-west 
 from 1768 to 1776, more than one hundred houses, and the river 
 was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly culti- 
 vated, the people being engaged in the Indian trade. 
 
 On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every 
 post of importance in the West. Kentucky was founed as a 
 component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, 
 alive to their interests, and recognizing the great benefits cf 
 obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, 
 held steadily to their purposes, and those within the common- 
 wealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges 
 by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway burgesses, to rep- 
 resent them in the assembly of the present state. The chief spirit 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 19 
 
 in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous 
 east of the mountains, was now meditating a move of unequalled 
 boldness. He had been watching the movements of the British 
 throughout the north-west, and understood their whole plan. 
 He saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, 
 Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them 
 easy access to the various Indian tribes in the north-west, that 
 the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and 
 south, and annihilate the frontier fortresses. This moving, ener- 
 getic man was Colonel, afterwards General George Rogers Clark. 
 He knew that the Indians were not unanimously in accord with 
 the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be 
 defeated and expelled from the north-west, the natives might be 
 easily awed into neutrality; by spies sent for the purpose, he 
 satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settle- 
 ments might easily succeed. Patrick Henry was Governor of 
 Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The 
 same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies ; 
 but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently 
 acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to 
 be able to guide them. 
 
 Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility 
 of his plan, received on the second of January two sets of instruc- 
 tions : one secret, the other open. The latter authorized him to 
 proceed to enlist seven compuijies to go to Kentucky, subject to 
 his orders, and to serve three months from their xrrival in the 
 west. The secret order authorized him to arm the troops, to 
 procure his powder and lead of General Hand, at Pittsburg, and 
 to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 
 
 With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choosing 
 rather to raise his men west of the mountains. Here he raised 
 three companies and several private volunteers. Clark at length 
 commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as 
 the falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, 
 between the present sites of Louisville, Kentucky, and New 
 Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be 
 found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
 with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern 
 route. Here he announced to the men their real destination. 
 On the 24th of June he embarked on the river, his destination 
 being Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence marched direct to Kas- 
 kaskia. The march was accomplished and the town reached on 
 the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, 
 and soon after the village itself, by surprise, without the loss of 
 a single man or killing any of the enemy. Clark told the natives 
 that they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and 
 to take whichever side of the conflict they would, and he would 
 protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foes. 
 This had the desired effect, and' the inhabitants at once swore 
 allegiance to the American arms, and when Clark desired to go 
 to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and 
 through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered. 
 Thus two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of 
 the English into the possession of Virginia. During the year 
 (1779) the famous " Land Laws " of Virginia were passed. The 
 passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of 
 Kentucky and the north-west than the gaining of a few Indian 
 conflicts. These grants confirmed in the main all grants made, 
 and guaranteed to actual settlers their rights and privileges. 
 
 DIVISION OF THE NOETH-WEST TEEEITORY. 
 
 The increased emigration to the north-west, and extent of the 
 domain, made it very difficult to conduct the ordinary operations 
 of government, and rendered the efficient action of courts almost 
 impossible ; to remedy this it was deemed advisable to divide the 
 territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800^ appointed a 
 committee to examine the question and report some means for 
 its solution. 
 
 This committee on the 3d of March reported : " In the three 
 western countries there has been but one court having cognizance 
 of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders expe- 
 rience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned 
 criminals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making 
 settlements in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary 
 attention and assistance is experienced in civil as well as in 
 criminal cases. * * * * To remedy this evil it is expedient to 
 the committee that a division of said territory into two distinct 
 and separate governments should be made, and that such division 
 be made by beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami river, 
 running directly north until it intersects the boundary between 
 the United States and Canada." 
 
 The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with 
 its suggestions, that body passed an act extinguishing the north- 
 west territory, which act was approved May 7th. Among its 
 provisions were these : 
 
 " That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the terri- 
 tory of the United States north-west of the Ohio river, which 
 lies to the westward of a line beginning at a point opposite the 
 mouth of the Kentucky river, and running thence to Fort 
 Recovery, and thence North until it shall intersect the terri- 
 torial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the 
 purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory 
 and be called the Indian Territory." 
 
 Gen. Harrison (afterwards President), was appointed governor 
 of the Indian Territory, and during his residence at Vincennes, 
 he made several important treaties with the Indians, thereby 
 gaining large tracts of land. The next year is memorable in 
 the history of the west for the purchase of Louisiana from 
 France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peace- 
 ful manner the domain of the United States was extended over 
 a large tract of country west of the Mississippi, and was for a 
 time under the jurisdiction of the north-western government. 
 The next year Gen. Harrison obtained additional grants of land 
 from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
 limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a 
 treaty at St. Louis, whereby over 61,000,000 acres of land were 
 obtained. 
 
 During this year. Congress granted a township of land for 
 the support of a college, and began to offer inducements for 
 settlers in these wilds, and the country now comprising the 
 state of Michigan began to fill rapidly with settlers along its 
 southern borders. This same year a law was passed organizing 
 the south-west territory, dividing it into two portions, — the terri- 
 tory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of govern- 
 ment, and the district of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
 domain by General Harrison. 
 
 On the 11th of January, 1805, the territory of Michigan was 
 formed, and Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquar- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLUB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 ters at Detroit, the change to lake effect Jane 30th. On the 
 11th of that month, a fire occurred at Detroit, which destroyed 
 almost every building in the place. When the officers of the 
 new territory reached the post, they found it in ruins, and the 
 inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Kebuilding, how- 
 ever, was commenced at once. While this was being done, 
 Indiana passed to the second grade of government. In 1809, 
 Indiana territory was divided, and the territory of Illinois was 
 formed, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia, and 
 through her General Assembly had obtained large tracts of land 
 from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian 
 Tecumthe, or Tecumseh, vigorously protested,* and it was the 
 main cause of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in 
 a conflict with the settlers. He visited the principal tribes, and 
 succeeded in forming an alliance with most of the tribes, and 
 then joined the cause of the British in the memorable war of 
 1812. Tecuraseh was killed at the battle of the Thames. 
 Tecumseh was, in many respects, a noble character, — frank and 
 honest in his intercourse with General Harrison and the settlers ; 
 in war, brave and chivalrous. His treatment of prisoners was 
 humane. In the summer of 1812, Perry's victory on Lake Erie 
 occurred, and shortly after, active preparations were made to 
 capture Fort Maiden. On the 27th of September, the American 
 army, under command of General Harrison, set sail for the 
 shores of Canada, and, iu a few hours, stood around the ruins of 
 Maiden, from which the British army under Proctor had re- 
 treated to Sandwich, intending to make its way to the heart of 
 Canada by the valley of the Thames. On the 29th, General 
 Harrison was at Sandwich, and General McArthur took posses- 
 sion of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. On the 2(1 of 
 October following, the American army began their pursuit of 
 Proctor, whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the 
 Thames followed. The victory was decisive, and practically 
 closed the war in the northwest. In 1806, occurred Burr's 
 insurrection. He took possession of an island in the Ohio, and 
 was charged with treasonable intentions against the Federal gov- 
 ernment. His capture was effected by General Wilkinson, acting 
 under instruction of President Jefferson. Burr was brought to 
 trial on a charge of treason, and, after a prolonged trial, during 
 which he defended himself with great ability, he was acquitted 
 of the charge of treason. His subsequent career was obscure, 
 and he died in 1836. Had his scheme succeeded, it would be 
 interesting to know what effect it would have had on the north- 
 western territory. The battle of the Thames was fought October 
 6th, 1813. It effectually closed hostilities in the north-west, 
 although peace was not restored until July 22d, 1814, when a 
 treaty was made at Greenville, by General Harrison, between 
 the United States and the Indian tribes. On the 24th of De- 
 cember, the treaty of Ghent was signed by the representatives 
 of England and the United States. This treaty was followed 
 the next year by treaties with various Indian tribes throughout 
 the north-west, and quiet was again restored. 
 
 PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTH-WEST. 
 
 In the former chapters we have traced briefly the discoveries, 
 settlements, wars, and most important events which have occurred 
 in the large area of country denominated the north west, and we 
 
 * American State Papers. 
 
 now turn to the contemplation of its growth and prosperity. Its 
 people are among the most intelligent and enterprising in the 
 Union. The population is steadily increasing, the arts and 
 sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the 
 region is becoming daily more extended, and wc have been 
 largely exempt from the financial calamities which have nearly 
 wrecked communities on the sea-board, dependent wholly on 
 foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. Agriculture is the 
 leading feature in our industries. This vast domain has a sort 
 of natural geographical border, save where it melts away to the 
 southward in the cattle-raising districts of the south-west. The 
 leading interests will be the growth of the food of the world, in 
 which . branch it has already outstripped all competitors, and 
 our great rival will be the fertile fields of Kansas, Nebraska^ 
 Colorado, Texas and New Mexico. 
 
 To attempt to give statistics of grain productions for 1880 
 would require more space than our work would permit of. 
 Manufacturing has now attained in the chief cities a foothold 
 that bids fair to render the north-west independent of the outside 
 world. Nearly our whole region lias a distribution of coal mea- 
 sure which will in time support the manufactures necessary to 
 our comfort and prosperity. As to trauspottation, the chief 
 factor in the production of all articles except food, no section is 
 so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly increasing 
 beyond those of any other region. 
 
 The principal trade and manufacturing centres of the great 
 north-west are Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, De- 
 troit, Cleveland and Toledo, with any number of minor cities 
 and towns doing ^ large and growing business. The intelligence 
 and enterprise of its people ; the great wealth of its soil and 
 minerals ; its vast inland seas and navigable rivers ; its magnifi- 
 cent railroad system ; its patriotism and love of country will 
 render it ever loyal in the future as in the past. The people of 
 the Mississippi Valley are the keystone of the national union 
 and national prosperity. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 T is necessary to treat the history of this great State 
 briefly. And first we direct attention to the dis- 
 covery and exploration of the Mississippi. Hernando 
 De Soto, cutting his way through the wilderness from 
 Florida, had discovered the Mississippi in the year 1542. Wasted 
 with disease and privation, he only reached the stream to die 
 upon its banks, and the remains of the ambitious and iron-willed 
 Spaniard found a fitting resting-place beneath the waters of the 
 great river. The chief incitement to Spanish discoveries in 
 America was a thirst for gold and treasure. The discovery and 
 settlement of the Mississippi Valley on the part of the French 
 must, on the other hand, be ascribed to religious zeal. Jesuit 
 missionaries, from the French settlements on the St. Lawrence, 
 early penetrated to the region of Lake Huron. It was from the 
 tribes of Indians living in the West, that intelligence came of a 
 noble river flowing south. Marquette, who had visited the Chip- 
 pewas in 1668, and established the mission of St. Mary, now the 
 oldest settlement within the present commonwealth of Michigan, 
 formed the purpose of its exploration. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 21 
 
 In company with Joliet, a fur-trader of Quebec, who had been 
 designated by M. Talon, Intendent of Canada, as chieftain of the 
 exploring party, and five French voyageurs, Marquette, on the 
 10th of June, 1673, set out on the expedition. Crossing the 
 water-shed dividing the Fox from the Wisconsin rivers, their 
 two canoes were soon launched on the waters of the latter. 
 Seven days after, on the 17th of June, they joyfully entered the 
 broad current of the Mississippi. Stopping six days on the 
 western bank, near the mouth of the Des Moines River, to enjoy 
 the hospitalities of the Illinois Indians, the voyage was resumed, 
 and after passing the perpendicular rocks above Alton, on whose 
 lofty limestone front are painted frightful representations of 
 monsters, they suddenly came upon the mouth of the Missouri, 
 known by its Algonquin name of Pekitanoni, whose swift and 
 turbid current threatened to engulf their frail canoes. The site 
 of St. Louis was an unbroken forest, and further' down, the 
 fertile plain bordering the river reposed in peaceful solitude, as, 
 early in July, the adventurers glided past it. They continued 
 their voyage to a point some distance below the mouth of the 
 Arkansas, and then retraced their course up the river, arriving 
 at their Jesuit Mission at the head of Green Bay, late in Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 Robert, Cavalier de La Salle, whose illustrious name is more 
 intimately connected with the exploration of the Mississippi than 
 that of any other, was the next to descend the river, in the early 
 part of the year 1682. At its mouth he erected a column, and 
 decorating it with the arms of France, placed upon it the follow- 
 ing inscription : 
 
 LOUIS LE GRAND, EOI DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE, REGNE ; 
 LE NEUVIEME AVEIL, 1682. 
 
 Thus France, by right of discovery, lay claim to the Missis- 
 sippi Valley, the fairest portion of the globe, an empire in extent, 
 stretching from the Gulf to the Lakes, and from the farthest 
 sources of the Ohio to where the head waters of the Missouri are 
 lost in the wild solitudes of the Rocky Mountains. La Salle 
 bestowed upon the territory the name of Louisiana, in honor of 
 the King of France, Louis XIV. 
 
 The assertion has been made that on La Salle's return up the 
 river, in the summer of 1682, a portion of the party were left 
 behind, who founded the villages of Kaskaskia and Cahokia,but 
 the statement rests on no substantial foundation. 
 
 THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN ILLINOIS. 
 
 The gentle and pious Marquette, devoted to his purpose of 
 carrying the gospel to the Indians, had established a mission 
 among the Illinois, in 1675, at their principal town on the river 
 which still bears their name. This was at the present town of 
 Utica, in La Salle County. In the presence of the whole tribe, 
 by whom, it is recorded, he was received as a celestial visitor, he 
 displayed the sacred pictures of the Virgin Mary, raised an altar, 
 and said mass. On Easter Sunday, after celebrating the mystery 
 of the Eucharist, he took possession of the land in the name of 
 the Saviour of the world, and founded the " Mission of the Im- 
 maculate Conception." The town was called Kaskaskia, a name 
 afterwards transferred to another locality. 
 
 La Salle, while making preparations to descend the Missis- 
 sippi, built a fort, on the Illinois River, below the Lake of Peoria, 
 in February, 1680, and in commemoration of his misfortunes, 
 
 bestowed upon it the name of Creoecmur, "broken-hearted." 
 Traces of its embankments are yet discernible. This was the 
 first military occupation of Illinois. There is no evidence, how- 
 ever, that settlement was begun there at that early date. 
 
 On La Salle's return from this exploration of the Mississippi, 
 in 1682, he fortified " Starved Rock," whose military advantages 
 had previously attracted his attention. From its summit, which 
 rises 125 feet above the waters of the river, the valley of the 
 Illinois speeds out before the eye in a landscape of rarest beauty. 
 From three sides it is inaccessible. This stronghold received the 
 name of the Fort of St. Louis. Twenty thousand allied Indians 
 gathered around it on the fertile plains. The fort seems to have 
 been abandoned soon after the year 1700, 
 
 Marquette's mission (1675), Crevecoeur (1680), and the Fort 
 of St. Louis (1682), embrace, so far, all the attempts made 
 toward effecting anything like a j)ermanent settlement in the 
 Illinois country. Of the second few traces remain. A line of 
 fortifications may be faintly traced, and that is all." The seed of 
 civilization planted by the Jesuit, Marquette, among the Illinois 
 Indians, was destined to produce more enduring fruit. It was 
 the germ of Kaskaskia, during the succeeding years of the 
 French occupation — the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley. 
 The southern Kaskaskia is merely the northern one transplanted. 
 The Mission of the Immaculate Conception is the same. 
 
 FOUNDING OP KASKASKIA. 
 
 On the death of Marquette, he was succeeded by Alloiiez, and 
 he by Father Gravier, who respectively had charge of the Mis- 
 sion on the Illinois River. Gravier is said to have been the first 
 to reduce the principles of the Illinois language to rules. It was 
 also he who succeeded in transferring Marquette's Mission from 
 the banks of the Illinois south to the spot where stands the 
 modern town of Kaskaskia, and where it was destined to endure. 
 The exact date is not known, but the removal was accomplished 
 some time prior to the year 1690, though probably not earlier 
 than 1685. 
 
 Father Gravier was subsequently recalled to Mackinaw, and 
 his place was supplied by Bineteau and Pinet. Pinet proved an 
 eloquent and successful minister, and his chapel was often in- 
 sufficient to hold the crowds of savages who gathered to hear his 
 words. Bineteau met with a fate similar to that which befell 
 many another devoted priest in his heroic labors for the conver- 
 sion of the savages. He accompanied the Kaskaskias on one of 
 their annual hunts to the upper Mississippi, that his pastoral 
 relations might not sufier intermission. His frame was poorly 
 fitted to stand the exposure. Parched by day on the burning 
 prairie, chilled by heavy dews at night, now panting with thirst 
 and again aching with cold, he at length fell a victim to a vio- 
 lent fever, and " left his bones on the wilderness range of the 
 buffaloes." Pinet shortly after followed his comrade. 
 
 Father Gabriel Morrest had previously arrived at Kaskaskia. 
 He was a Jesuit. He had carried the emblem of his faith to the 
 frozen regions of Hudson's Bay, and had been taken prisoner by 
 the English, and upon his liberation returned to America, and 
 joined the Kaskaskia Mission. After the deaths of Bineteau 
 and Pinet, he had sole charge until joined by Father Mermet 
 shortly after the opening of the eighteenth century. 
 
 The devotion and piety of Mermet fully equalled those of his 
 companion. He had assisted in collecting a village of Indians 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 and Canadians, and had thus founded the first French port on 
 the Ohio, or, as the lower part of the river was then called, the 
 Wabash. At the Kaskaskia Mission his gentle virtues and fervid 
 eloquence sesm not to have been without their influence. "At 
 early dawn his pupils came to church dressed neatly and 
 modestly, each in a large deer-skin, or in a robe stitched together 
 from several skins. After receiving lessons they chanted canti- 
 cles ; mass was then said in presence of all the Christians in the 
 place, the French and the converts — the women on one side and 
 the men on the other. From prayer and instruction the mission- 
 aries proceed to visit the sick and administer medicine, and their 
 skill as physicians did more than all the rest to win confidence- 
 In the afternoon the catechism was taught in the presence of the 
 young and the old, when every one, without distinction of rank 
 or age, answered the questions of the missionary. At evening 
 all would assemble at the chapel for instruction, for prayer, and 
 to chant the hymns of the church. On Sundays and festivals, 
 even after vespers, a homily was pronounced ; at the close of the 
 day parties would meet in houses to recite the chaplet in alter- 
 nate choirs, and sing psalms until late, at night. These psalms 
 were often homilies with words set to familiar tunes. Saturday 
 and Sunday were days appointed for confession and communion, 
 and every convert confessed once in a fortnight. The success of 
 the mission was such that marriages of French immigrants were 
 sometimes solemnized with the daughters of the Illinois accord- 
 ing to the rites of the Catholic Church. The occupation of the 
 country was a cantonment of Europeans among the native pro- 
 prietors of the forests and the prairies.* A court of law was 
 unknown for nearly a century, and up to the time of Boisbriant 
 there was no local government. The priests possessed the entire 
 confidence of the community, and their authority happily settled, 
 without the tardy delays and vexations of the courts, the minor 
 difficulties which threatened the peace of the settlement. Of the 
 families which formed part of the French population in the early 
 history of Kaskaskia, there is some uncertainty. There is, how- 
 ever, authority for believing that the following were among the 
 principal settlers : Bazyl La Chapelle, Michael Derouse (called 
 St. Pierre), Jean Baptiste St. Gemme Beauvais, Baptiste Mon- 
 treal, Boucher de Montbrun, Charles Danie, Francois Charles- 
 ville, Antoine Bienvenu, Louis Bruyat, Alexis Doza, Joseph 
 Paget, Prix Pagi, Michael Antoyen, Langlois De Lisle, La 
 Derroutte and Noval. 
 
 AS PART OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 The settlements of Illinois had been a separate dependency of 
 Canada. -In 1711, together with the settlements on the Lower 
 Mississippi, which had been founded by D'Iberville and Bien- 
 ville, they became united in a single province under the name of 
 Louisiana, with the capital at Mobile. 
 
 The exclusive control of the commerce of this region, whose 
 boundless resources, it was believed, were to enrich France, 
 was granted to Anthony Crozat, a merchant of great wealth. 
 "We permit him," says the king in his letters patent, "to 
 search, open, and dig all mines, veins, minerals, precious stones 
 and pearls, and to transport the proceeds thereof into any part of 
 France for fifteen years." La Motte Cadillac, who had now 
 become royal Governor of Louisiana, was his partner. Hopes 
 
 * Bancroft. 
 
 of obtaining great quantities of gold and silver animated the 
 proprietors, as well as agitated France. Two pieces of silver 
 ore, left at Kaskaskia by a traveler from Mexico, were exhibited 
 to Cadillac as the produce of a mine in Illinois. Elated by this 
 prospect of wealth, the Governor hurried up the river to find 
 his anticipations fade away in disappointment. Iron ore and the 
 purest lead were discovered iu large quantities in Missouri, but 
 of gold, and silver, and precious stones not a trace was found. 
 After Crozat had expended 425,000 livres, and realized only 
 300,000, he, in 1717, petitioned the king for the revocation of 
 his charter. The white population had slowly increased ; and 
 at the time of his departure it was estimated that the families 
 comprising the Illinois settlements, now including those on the 
 Wabash, numbered three hundred and twenty souls. 
 
 The commerce of Louisiana was next transferred to the 
 Mississippi Company, instituted under the auspices of the notori- 
 ous John Law. The wild excitement and visionary schemes 
 which agitated France during Law's connection with the Com- 
 pany of the West, and while at the head of the Bank of France, 
 form the most curious chapter in the annals of commercial- 
 speculations. These delusive dreams of wealth were based 
 mainly upon the reports of the fabulous riches of the Mississippi 
 Valley. Attempts to colonize the country were conducted with 
 careless prodigality. Three ships landed eight hundred emi- 
 grants in August, 1718, near Mobile, whence they were to make 
 their way overland to the Mississippi. Bienville, on the banks 
 of that river, had already selected the spot for the Capital of the 
 new Empire, which, after the Regent of France, was named New- 
 Orleans. From among the emigrants, eighty convicts from the 
 prisons of France were sent to clear away the coppices which 
 thickly studded the site. Three years after, in 1721, the place 
 was yet a wilderness, overgrown with canebrakes, among which 
 two hundred persons had encamped. 
 
 Phillip Renault was created Director-General of the mines of 
 the new country, and an expedition was organized to work them. 
 Renault left France, in 1719, with two hundred mechanics and 
 laborers. Touching at San Domingo, he bought five hundred 
 negro slaves for working the mines. On reaching the Mississippi, 
 he sailed to Illinois, the region in which gold and silver were 
 supposed to abound. A few miles from Kaskaskia, in what is 
 now the south-west corner of Monroe County, was the seat of his 
 colony. The village which he founded received the name of St. 
 Phillip's. From this point various expeditions were sent out in 
 search of the precious metals. Drewry's Creek, in Jackson 
 County, was explored ; St. Mary's, in Randolph ; Silver Creek, 
 in Monroe ; and various parts of St. Clair County, and other 
 districts of Illinois. On Silver Creek, tradition has it that con- 
 siderable quantities of silver were discovered and sent to France 
 and from this the stream has its name. By the retrocession of 
 the territory to the crown, Renault was left to prosecute the 
 business of mining without means. His operations proved a 
 disastrous failure. 
 
 FORT CHAETRES. 
 
 Meanwhile war had sprung up between France and Spain, 
 and to protect the Illinois settlements from incursions of Spanish 
 cavalry across the Great Desert, it was thought advisable to 
 establish a fort in the neighborhood of Kaskaskia. A Spanish 
 expedition had, indeed, been fitted out at Santa Fe, but their 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 23 
 
 guides, leading it by mistake to the Missouri Indians, instead of 
 the Osages, enemies instead of friends, the whole party was 
 massacred, with the exception of a priest who escaped to relate 
 the fate of his unfortunate comrades. Previous to this La Salle, 
 on the occasion of his visit to Paris, had shown the necessity of 
 building a chain of forts from Canada to the Gulf, in order to 
 secure the territory to the crown of France. In 1720, Boisbriant 
 was despatched to Illinois. He began the building of Fort 
 Chartres, long the strongest fortress on the Western Continent, 
 and of wide celebriiy in the subsequent history of Illinois. 
 
 Fort Chartres stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, 
 seventeen miles north-west of Kaskaskia, and between three and 
 four miles from the location of the present village of Prairie du 
 Eocher. The Company of the West finally built their ware- 
 houses here. In 1721, on the division of Louisiana into seven 
 districts, it became the headquarters of Boisbriant, the first local 
 Governor of Illinois. Fort Chartres was the seat of the govern- 
 ment of Illinois, not only while the French retained possession 
 of the country, but after it passed under English control. When 
 the fort was built, it stood about one mile distant from the river. 
 In the year 1724 an inundation of the Mississippi washed away 
 a portion of bank in front of the fort. 
 
 Captain Philip Pitman visited Illinois in 1766. He was an 
 engineer in the British army, and was sent to Illinois to make a 
 survey of the forts, and report the condition of the country, 
 which had recently passed under British control. He published 
 in London, in 1770, a work entitled, "The present State of the 
 European Settlements on the Mississippi," in which he gives an 
 accurate description of Fort Chartres : 
 
 " Fort Chartres, when it belonged to France, was the seat of 
 the government of the Illinois. The headquarters of the Eng- 
 lish commanding officer is now here, who, in fact, is the arbitrary 
 governor of the country. The fort is an irregular quadrangle. 
 The sides of the exterior polygon are four hundred and ninety 
 feet. It is built of stone, and plastered over, and is only de- 
 signed for defence against the Indians. The walls are two feet 
 two inches thick, and are pierced with lo'opholes at regular dis- 
 tances, and with two portholes for cannon in the facies, and two 
 in the flanks of each bastion. The ditch has never been finished. 
 The entrance to the fort is through a very handsome rustic gate. 
 Within the walls is a banquette raised three feet, for the men to 
 stand on when they fire through the loopholes. The buildings 
 within the fort are, a commandant's and a commissary's house, the 
 magazine of stores, corps de garde, and two barracks. These 
 occupy the square. Within the gorges of the bastion are a 
 powder-magazine, a bake-house, and a prisou, in the floor of 
 which are four dungeons, and in the upper, two rooms and an 
 out-house belonging to the commandant. The commandant's 
 house is thirty-two yards long and ten broad, and contains a 
 kitchen, a dining room, a bed-chamber, one small room, five 
 closets for servants, and a cellar. The commissary's house is 
 built on the same line as this, and its proportion and the distri- 
 bution of its apartments are the same. Opposite these are the 
 store-house, and the guard-house, each thirty yards long and 
 eight broad. The former consists of two large store-rooms, 
 (under which is a large vaulted cellar), a large room, a bed- 
 chamber, and a closet for the storekeeper. The latter of a sol- 
 diers' and officers' guard-room, a chapel, a bed-chamber, a closet 
 for the chaplain, and an artillery store-room. The lines of bar- 
 
 racks have never been finished. They at present consist of two 
 rooms each for officers, and three for soldiers. They are each 
 twenty-five feet square, and have betwixt a small passage." 
 
 Such was Fort Chartres, believed at the time to be the most 
 convenient and best- built stronghold in North America! Just 
 before the French surrender, forty families lived in the neighbor- 
 ing village, in which stood a parish church, under the care of a 
 Franciscan friar, and dedicated to St. Anne. At the time of the 
 surrender to the English, all, with the exception of three or four 
 families, abandoned their homes, and removed to the west bank 
 of the Mississippi, preferring the government of La Belle Prance 
 to the hated English rule, ignorant that by secret treaty the ter- 
 ritory west of the Mississippi had been ceded to Spain, even be- 
 fore the transfer of the region eastward was made to the 
 English. 
 
 But the glory of the old fortress soon departed ! In 1756 
 nearly half a mile intervened between Fort Chartres and the 
 bank of the Mississippi. A sand bar, however, was forming 
 opposite, to which the river was fordable. Ten years later the 
 current had cut the bank away to within eighty yards of the 
 fort. The sand-bar had become an island, covered with a thick 
 growth of cotton woods. The channel between it and the eastern 
 bank was forty feet in depth. In the great freshet six years 
 after, in 1772, in which the American Bottom was inundated, 
 the west walls and two of the bastions were swept away in the 
 flood. It was abandoned by the British garrison, which took up 
 its quarters in Fort Gage, on the blufi" opposite Kaskaskia, 
 which then became the seat of government. From this date its 
 demolition proceeded rapidly. In 1820 the south-east angle was 
 still remaining. Only vestiges of the old Fortress can now be 
 traced. Much of the stone was carried away, and used for 
 building purposes elsewhere. Trees of stately growth cover the 
 foundations. The river has retreated to its original channel, and 
 is now a mile distant from the ruins. A growth of timber covers 
 the intervening land, where less than a century ago swept the 
 mighty current of the Father of Waters. 
 
 UNDER FRENCH RULE. 
 
 During the few years immediately succeeding the completion 
 of Fort Chartres, prosperity prevailed in the settlements between 
 the Kaskaskia and the Mississippi rivers. Prairie du Rocher, 
 founded about the year 1722, received considerable accessions to 
 its population. Among the earliest French settlers to make 
 their homes here were Etienne Langlois, Jean Baptiste Blais, 
 Jean Baptiste Barbeau, Antoine Louvier, and the La Compte 
 and other families, whose descendants are still found in that 
 locality. New settlements sprang up, and the older ones in- 
 creased in population. At Kaskaskia, the Jesuits established a 
 monastery, and founded a college. In 1725 the village became 
 an incorporated town, and the king, Louis XV., granted the in- 
 habitants a commons. The Bottom land, extending upward 
 along the Mississippi, unsurpassed for the richness of its soil, 
 was in the process of being rapidly settled by the larger number 
 of new arrivals in the colony. Fort Chartres, the seat of gov- 
 ernment and the headquarters of the commandment of Upper 
 Louisiana, attracted a wealthy, and for Illinois-, a fashionable 
 population. 
 
 After having been fourteen years under the government of the 
 Western Company, in April, 1732, the King issued a proclama-. 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 tion by whicli Louisiana was declared free to all his subjects, and 
 all restrictions on commerce were removed. At this tiaie many 
 flourishing settlements had sprung up in Illinois, centering about 
 Kaskaskia, and the inhabitants were said to be more exclu- 
 sively devoted to agriculture than in any other of the French 
 settlements in the West. 
 
 M. D'Artaguette, in 1732, became commandant of Fort Char- 
 tres, and Governor of Upper Louisiana. Between New Orleans 
 and Kaskaskia the country was yet a wilderness. Communica- 
 tion by way of the Mississippi was interrupted by the Chicka- 
 saws, allies of the English and enemies of France, whose cedar 
 barks shooting boldly out into the current of the Mississippi, 
 cut off the connection between the two colonies. It was in an 
 attempt to subdue these that M. D'Artaguette, the commandant, 
 'lost his life. An officer arrived at Fort Chartres from M. Prer- 
 rier, Governor-General at New Orleans, in the year 1736, sum- 
 moning M. D'Artaguette, with his French soldiers, and all the 
 Indians whom he could induce to join him, to unite in an expe- 
 dition against the enemy. With an army of fifty Frenchmen, and 
 more than one thousand Indians accompanied by Father Senat and 
 the gallant Vincennes, commandant of the post ou the Wabash, 
 where now stands the city bearing his name, D'Artaguette stole 
 cautiously in the Chickasaw country. His Indian allies were 
 impatient, and the commander consented, against his better 
 judgment, to an immediate attack. One fort was carried — an- 
 other — and then in making the assault on the third, the young 
 and intrepid D'Artaguette fell at the head of his forces, pierced 
 with wounds. The Indian allies made this reverse the signal for 
 their flight. The Jesuit Senat might have fled, Vincennes might 
 have saved his life, but both preferred to share the fate of their 
 leader. The captives afterward met death at the stake under 
 the slow torments of fire. 
 
 La Buissoniere succeeded as commandant at Fort Chartres. 
 In 1739 a second expedition was undertaken against the Chicka- 
 saw country. La Buissoniere joined Bienville, then Governor- 
 General of Louisiana, with a force of two hundred Frenchmen 
 and three hundred Indians. The whole force under Bienville 
 was twelve hundred French and five hundred Indians and 
 negroes. His men suffered greatly from malarial fevers and 
 famine, and returned the following spring without conquering the 
 Chickasaws, with whom afterward, however, amicable relations 
 were established. 
 
 The period from 1740 to 1750 was one of great prosperity for 
 the colonies. Cotton was introduced and cultivated. Kegular 
 cargoes of pork, flour, bacon, tallow, hides and leather, were 
 floated down the Mississippi, and exported thence to France. 
 French emigrants poured rapidly into the settlements. Cana- 
 dians exchanged the cold rigors of their climate for the sunny 
 atmosphere and rich soil of the new country. Peace and plenty 
 blessed the settlements. 
 
 La Buissoniere was followed, in 1750, by Chevalier Macarty 
 as Governor of Upper Louisiana, and Commandant of Fort 
 Chartres. Peace was soon to be broken. The French and 
 English war, which terminated in 1759 with the defeat of Mont- 
 calm on the plains of Abraham, and the capture of Quebec, 
 began with a struggle for the territory on the U]iper Ohio. Fort 
 Chartres was the depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous 
 for the united forces of Louisiana, and several expeditions were 
 fitted out and dispatched to the scene of conflict on the border 
 
 between the French and English settlements. But France was 
 vanquished in the struggle, and its result deprived her of her 
 princely possessions east of the Mississippi. 
 
 CHAEACTEE OF THE EARLY FEENCH SETTLEES. 
 
 The early French inhabitants were well adapted by their pe- 
 culiar traits of character for intercourse with their savage neigh- 
 bors of the forest, with whom they lived on terms of peace and 
 friendship. For this reason, the French colonists almost entirely 
 escaped the Indian hostilities by which the English settlements 
 were repressed and weakened. The freest communication ex- 
 isted between the two races. They stood on a footing of equal- 
 ity. The Indian was cordially received in the French village^ 
 and the Frenchman found a safe resting-place in the lodge of 
 the savage. In scenes of social pleasure, in expeditions to remote 
 rivers and distant forests, in the ceremonies and exercises of the 
 church, the red men were treated as brothers, and the accident of 
 race and color was made as little a mark of distinction as pos- 
 sible. Frequent intermarriages of the French with the Indians 
 strongly cemented this union. For nearly a hundred years the 
 French colonists enjoyed continual peace, while the English set- 
 tlements on the Atlantic coast were in a state of almost constant 
 danger from savage depredations. 
 
 It was doubtless greatly owing to the peculiar facility with 
 which the French temperament adapted itself to surroundings^ 
 and the natural address with which Frenchmen ingratiated 
 themselves in the favor of the savages, that this happy condition 
 of affairs existed. But something must be ascribed to the differ- 
 ence of character between the French and English in regard to 
 their aggressiveness. The English colonists excited the jealousy 
 and fear of the Indians by their rapid occupation of the country. 
 New settlements were constantly bsing projected, and the white 
 population pushed farther and farther into the wilderness. 
 AVhen the Indians saw their favorite haunts broken up, and their 
 hunting grounds invaded, a natural feeling of distrust and jeal- 
 ousy led them to warfare against the English. With the French 
 it was different. There was but little disposition to found new 
 settlements, or occupy the wilderness. They were essentially a 
 social people, and the solitary life of a pioneer in the forest was 
 repugnant to'their disposition. They lived in compact villages. 
 Their houses were in close proximity. With abundant room for 
 spacious streets, they yet made them so narrow that the merry 
 villagers could converse with ease across the street, each from 
 his own cottage. Hunting was a favorite pursuit, and the chief 
 means of support. With this mode of life the French were con- 
 tent. Ambition failed to incite them to conquer the wilderness, 
 and push their settlements to unknown regions, and avarice was 
 wanting to lead them to grasp after great possessions. The de- 
 velopment of the "territorial paradise," as La Salle had called 
 the region through which he passed on his first voyage down the 
 Mississippi, was to be accomplished by another race. 
 
 A POSSESSION OF GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 By the treaty of Fountainbleau, 1762, the vast possessions of 
 France, east of the Mississippi, with the exception of the island 
 of New Orleans, passed under British control. Fort Chartres 
 and the other Illinois posts were surrounded by an impenetrable 
 barrier of hostile savages, friends to the French and enemies to 
 the English, and the French officers were authorized to retain 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 25 
 
 command until it was found possible for the English to take pos- 
 session. M. Neyon de Villiers was commandant of Fort Char- 
 tres, and upon his retiring in 1764, St. Ange d'Bellerive took 
 upon himself the duties of that position. It was the time of 
 Pontiac's conspiracy, when the Indian tribes, inflamed by the 
 savage spirit of that warrior, were precipitating themselves on 
 the English settlements from Canada to Carolina. The French 
 commandant of Fort Chartres was besieged for arms and am- 
 munition to be used against the English The French flag was 
 still flying over the Fort, and the fact of the territory having 
 been ceded to Great Britain was not generally known except to 
 those in authority. The commandant was visited by embassies 
 from the Illinois, the Delawares, Shawnees and Miamis, and 
 finally Pontiac himself, at the head of four hundred warriors, 
 entered the council hall. St. Ange d'Bellerive, unable to fur- 
 nish arms, offered instead his good will. The reply was received 
 with dissatisfaction. The Indians pitched their lodges about the 
 Fort, and for a time an attack was seriously apprehended. 
 Finally Pontiac dispatched a chosen band of warriors to New 
 Orleans to obtain from the Governor there the assistance St. 
 Ange refused to grant. 
 
 Pontiac was killed a few years after. Disappointed by the 
 failure of his plans against the English, he retired to the solitude 
 of the forests. In the year 1769, he suddenly made his appear- , 
 ance in the neighborhood of St. Louis. Arrayed in the French , 
 uniform given him by the Marquis Montcalm a short time pre- 
 vious to the latter's death on the Plains of Abraham, he visited St. 
 Ange d'Bellerive, who at that time had removed from Fort 
 Chartres to St. Louis, where he had become one of the principal 
 inhabitants and commandant of the Spanish garrison. While at 
 St. Louis, he crossed the Mississippi to attend a social gather- 
 ing of Indians at Cahokia. Becoming intoxicated he started to 
 the neighboring woods, when an Indian of the Kaskaskia tribe, 
 bribed by an English trader with a barrel of whiskey, stole up 
 behind him and buried a tomahawk in the brain of the renowned 
 warrior. St. Ange procured the body, and buried it with all the 
 honors of war near the fort under his command in St. Louis. 
 The tramp of a great city now sweeps over his grave. 
 
 Two attempts, on the part of the English, to take possession of 
 Illinois and Fort Chartres; had been made by way of the Missis- 
 sippi, but hostile Indians on the banks of the river had driven 
 back the expeditions. Meantime a hundred Highlanders of the 
 Forty-second Regiment, those veterans " whose battle cry had 
 echoed over the bloodiest fields of America," had left Fort Pitt, 
 now Pittsburg, and descending the Ohio, appeared before Fort 
 Chartres while the forests were yet rich with the varied hues of 
 autumn. St. Ange yielded up the citadel. It was on the tenth 
 day of October, 1765, that the ensign of France on the ram- 
 parts of the Fort gave place to the flag of Great Britain. Kas- 
 kaskia had now been faunded more than three-fourths of a 
 century. 
 
 On the surrender of Fort Chartres, St. Ange with his garrison 
 of twenty-one soldiers retired from the country, and became 
 commandant at St. Louis, an infant settlement just founded. A 
 large number of the French residents of Kaskaskia and other set- 
 tlements refused to live under English rule. Many of the wealth- 
 iest families left the country ; some removed across the Mississip- 
 pi, to the small village of Ste. Genevieve, under the impression 
 that on the west bank of the Mississippi they would still find a 
 
 home under the government of France, while in truth that ter- 
 ritory had been ceded to Spain by a secret treaty in 1762. 
 Others joined in founding the city of St. Louis. The French 
 settlements in Illinois, at a period immediately preceding this 
 date, were at the zenith of their prosperity. From that day the 
 French inhabitants have declined in numbers and influence. In 
 1765, the population of the Illinois settlements was computed as 
 follows : White men able to bear arms, seven hundred ; white 
 women, five hundred ; white children, eight hundred and fifty ; 
 negroes, nine hundred ; total, two thousand nine hundred and 
 fifty. One-third of the whites, and a still larger proportion of 
 the blacks, removed on the British taking possession. A popu- 
 lation of less than two thousand remained. Few English, or 
 Americans, with the exception of the British troops, were in the 
 country. 
 
 Captain Stirling, who now had command of the Fort, issued a 
 proclamation guaranteeing the inhabitants the liberty of the 
 Catholic faith, permission to retire from the country, and enjoy- 
 ment of their full rights and privileges, only requiring an oath 
 of fidelity and obedience to His Majesty, the English King. 
 Captain Stirling died some three mouths after his arrival. In 
 the period that elapsed before the coming of his successor, St. 
 Ange d'Bellerive returned from St. Louis, and discharged the 
 duties of commandant. Major Frazier, from Fort Pitt, exercised 
 for a time an arbitrary power, and his successor. Col. Reed, 
 proved still worse. He held the office eighteen months, and 
 during that time aroused the hatred of the settlements by his 
 oppressive measures. Lieutenant Colonel Wilkins assumed com- 
 mand in 1768. 
 
 Captain Pitman, to whose book on " The Present State of the 
 European Settlements on the Mississippi " reference has already 
 been made, gives the following description of Kaskaskia, as it 
 appeared \n 1766 : 
 
 The village of Notre Dame de Cascasquias is by far the most 
 considerable settlement in the country of the Illinois, as well 
 from its number of inhabitants as from its advantageous situa- 
 tion. 
 
 " Mons. Paget was the first who introduced water mills in this 
 country, and he constructed a very fine one on the river Cascas- 
 quias, which was both for grinding corn and sawing boards. It 
 lies about one mile from the village. The mill proved fatal to 
 him, being killed as he was working it, with two negroes, by a 
 party of Cherokees, in the year 1764. 
 
 " The principal buildings are the church and the JesuiU' 
 house, which has a small chapel adjoining it; these, as well as 
 some of the other houses in the village, are built of stone, and, 
 considering this part of the world, make a very good appearance. 
 The Jesuits' plantation consisted of 240 arpents (an arpent ' is 
 85-100 of an acre) of cultivated land, a very good stock of cat- 
 tle, and a brewery which was sold by the French commandant, 
 after the country was ceded to the English, for the crown, in 
 consequence of the suppression of the order. 
 
 " Mons. Beauvais was the purchaser, who is the richest of the 
 English subjects in this country; he keeps eighty slaves; he 
 furnishes 86,000 weight of flour to the King's magazine, which 
 was only part of the harvest he reaped in one year. Sixty five 
 families reside in this village, besides merchants, other casual 
 people, and slaves. The fort which was burnt down in October, 
 1766, stood on the summit of a high rock opposite the village 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 and ou the opposite side of the river. It was an oblong quad- 
 rangle, of -which the extreme polygon measured 290 by 251 feet. 
 It was built of very thick square timber, and dove-tailed at the 
 angles. An officer and twenty soldiers are quartered in the vil- 
 lage. The officer governs the inhabitants under the direction of 
 the commandant at Fort Chartres. Here are also two companies 
 of militia." 
 
 Of Prairie du Roeher, Pitman writes that " it is a small village, 
 consisting of twenty-two dwelling-houses, all of which are inhab- 
 ited by as many families. Here is a little chapel, formerly a 
 chapel of ease to the church at Fort Chartres. The inhabitants 
 are very industrious, and raise a great deal of corn and every 
 kind of stock. The village is two miles from Fort Chartres. It 
 takes its name from its situation, being built under a rock that 
 runs parallel with the Mississippi river at a league distance, for 
 forty miles up. Here is a company of militia, the captain of 
 which regulates the police of the village." 
 
 In describing the distance from Fort Chartres, ^the author, 
 doubtless, refers to Little Village, which was a mile or more 
 nearer than Prairie du Roeher. The writer goes on to describe 
 "Saint Philippe" as a "small village about five miles from Fort 
 Chartres on the road to Kaoquias. There are about sixteen 
 houses and a small church standing ; all of the inhabitants, 
 except the captain of the militia, deserted in 1765, and went to 
 the French side (Missouri.) The captain of the militia has 
 about twenty slaves, a good stock of cattle, and a water mill for 
 corn and planks. The village stands on a very fine meadow 
 about one mile from the Mississippi. 
 
 From the same authority we learn that the soil of the country 
 is in general rich and luxuriant. It was favorably adapted to 
 the production of all kinds of European grains, which grew side 
 by side with hops, hemp, flax, cotton and tobacco. European 
 fruits arrived to great perfection. Of the wild grapes a wine 
 was made, very inebriating, and in color and taste much like 
 the red wine of Provence. In the late wars. New Orleans and 
 the lower parts of Louisiana were supplied with flour, beef, 
 wines, hams, and other provisions, from this country. At pre- 
 sent, its commerce is mostly confined to the peltry and furs 
 which are got in traffic from the Indians; for which are received 
 in turn such European commodities as are necessary to carry on 
 that commerce and the support of its inhabitants." 
 
 CONQUEST BY CLAEKE. 
 
 On the breaking out of the War of the Revolution, it is pro- 
 bable that the British garrison (removed in 1772 from Fort 
 Chartres to Fort Gage, opposite Kaskaskia,) had been with- 
 drawn. Illinois was remote from the theatre of action, and the 
 colonists were little disturbed by the rumors of war which came 
 from the Atlantic coast. The French inha;bitants were rather in 
 sympathy with the Americans than the Eoglish, but probably 
 understood little the nature of the struggle. Illinois belonged 
 to the jurisdiction of Virginia. George Rogers Clarke, who 
 visited Kentucky in 1775, seems to have been the first to com- 
 prehend the advantages which would result from the occupation 
 of Illinois by the Americans. He visited Virginia, where he 
 laid his plans before Patrick Henry, the Governor of the State. 
 Clarke received his instructions, January, 1778, and the follow- 
 ing month set out for Pittsburg. His instructions were to raise 
 seven companies of men, but he could only succeed in enlisting 
 
 four, commanded by Captains Montgomery, Bowman, Helm, 
 and Harrod. On Corn Island, opposite Louisville, on the Ohio, 
 Clarke announced his destination to the men. At the mouth of 
 the Tennessee, a man named John Duff was encountered, with a 
 party of hunters, who had recently visited Kaskaskia, and also 
 brought the intelligence that one Rocheblave, a French Cana- 
 dian, was in command at that point, that he kept the militia well 
 drilled, and that sentinels were posted to watch for the " Long 
 Knives," as the Virginians were called, of whom the inhabitants 
 were in terror. Securing his boats near Fort Massacre (or 
 Massac,) Clarke undertook the journey across the country, one 
 hundred and twenty miles, to Kaskaskia. It was accomplished 
 with difficulty. On the afternoon of the fourth of July, 1778, 
 the exhausted band of invaders came to the vicinity of Kaskas- 
 kia, and concealed themselves in the hills to the east of the town- 
 After dark Clarke proceeded to the old ferry-house, three-fourths 
 of a mile above the village, and at midnight addressed his troops 
 on the banks of the river. He divided his force into three 
 parties. Two were to cross to the west side of the river, and 
 enter the town from different quarters. The third, under the 
 direction of Clarke himself, was to capture the fort on the east 
 side. Kaskaskia at that time was a village of about two hun- 
 dred and fifty houses. The British commander last in charge 
 had instilled in the minds of the people the impression that the 
 Virginians, otherwise the "Long Knives," were a ferocious band 
 of murderers, plundering houses, slaughtering women and chil- 
 dren, and committing acts of the greatest atrocity. Clarke 
 determined to take advantage of this, and so surprise the in- 
 habitants by fear as to induce them to submit without resistance. 
 Clarke effected an entrance to the fort without difficulty. The 
 other parties at a given signal entered Kaskaskia at the opposite 
 extremities, and with terrible outcries and hideous noises, aroused 
 the terrified inhabitants, who shrieked in their alarm, " The 
 Long Knives !" '" The Long Knives are here !" The panic- 
 stricken townsmen delivered up their arms, and the victory was 
 accomplished without the shedding of a drop of blood. M. 
 Rocheblave, the British commandant, was unconscious of the 
 presence of the enemy, till an officer of the detachment entered 
 his bed-chamber, and claimed him as a prisoner. In accordance 
 with his original plan of conquering the inhabitants by terror, 
 and then afterward winning their regard and gratitude by his 
 clemency, Clarke, the next day, withdrew his forces from the 
 town, and sternly forbade all communication between it and his 
 soldiers. Some of the principal militia officers, citizens of the 
 town, were next put in irons. The terror now reached its height. 
 The priest, and a deputation of five or six elderly men of the 
 village, called on Clarke, and humbly requested permission to 
 assemble in the church, to take leave of each other and com- 
 mend their future lives to the protection of a merciful God, 
 since they expected to be separated, "perhaps never to meet 
 again. Clarke gruffly granted the privilege. The whole popula- 
 tion convened at the church, and after remaining together a long 
 time, the priest and a few others again waited upon the com- 
 mander of the American forces, presenting thanks for the 
 privilege they had enjoyed, and desiring to know what fate 
 awaited them. 
 
 Clarke now determined to lift them from their despair, and 
 win their gratitude by a show of mercy. "What! "said he; 
 " do you take us for savages ? Do you think Americans will 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 27 
 
 strip women and children, and take bread from their mouths ? 
 My countrymen disdain to make war on helpless innocents." 
 He further reminded them that the King of France, their 
 former ruler, was an ally of the Americans, and now fighting 
 their cause. He told them to embrace the side they deemed 
 best, and they should be respected in the enjoyment of their 
 liberty and the rights of property. 
 
 The revulsion of feeling was complete. The good news spread 
 throughout the village. The church-bell rang a merry peal, and 
 the delighted inhabitants gathered at the chapel, where thanks 
 were offered to God for their happy and unexpected deliverance- 
 The loyalty of the inhabitants was assured, and ever after they 
 remained faithful to the American cause. The French inhabi- 
 tants of Kaskaskia were readily reconciled to a change of gov- 
 ernment. In October, 1778, the Virginia Assembly erected the 
 conquered territory into the County of Illinois. This County 
 embraced all the region north-west of the Ohio, and five large 
 states have since been formed from it. Colonel Clarke was 
 appointed military commander of all the western territory north 
 and south of the Ohio, and Colonel John Todd, one of Clarke's 
 soldiers, who next to Clarke had been the first man to enter Fort 
 Gage, was appointed lieutenant-commandant of Illinois. In the 
 spring of 1779, Colonel Todd visited Kaskaskia, and made 
 arrangements for the organization of a temporary government. 
 Many of the French inhabitants of Kaskaskia, Prairie du 
 Eocher, and the other settlements, readily took the oath of 
 allegiance to Virginia. Colonel Todd was killed at the famous 
 battle of Blue Licks, in Kentucky, August, 1782, and Timothy 
 de Montbrun, a Frenchman, succeeded him as commandant of 
 Illinois County. Of his administration but little is known. 
 
 LAND TENURES. 
 
 The early French settlers held the possession of their land in 
 common. A tract of land was fixed upon for a Common Field, 
 in which all the inhabitants were interested. 
 
 Besides the Common Field, another tract of land was laid off 
 as the Commons. All the villagers had free access to this as a 
 place of pasturage for their stock. From this they also drew 
 their supply of fuel. 
 
 Individual grants were likewise made. Under the French 
 system, the lands were granted without any equivalent considera- 
 tion in the way of money, the individuals satisfying the authori- 
 ties that the lands were wanted for actual settlement, or for a 
 purpose likely to benefit the community. The first grant of 
 land, which is preserved, is that made to Charles Danie, May 
 10th, 1722. The French grants at Kaskaskia extended from 
 river to river, and at other places in the Bottom they commonly 
 extended from the river to the bluff. Grants of land were made 
 for almost all the American Bottom, from the upper limits of 
 the Common Field of St. Phillip's to the lower line of the Kas- 
 kaskia Common Field, a distance of nearly thirty miles. 
 
 The British commandants, who assumed the government on 
 the cession of the territory by France, exercised the privilege of 
 making grants, subject to the approval of his Majesty, the King. 
 Colonel Wilkins granted tO some merchants of Philadelphia a 
 magnificent domain of thirty thousand acres lying between the 
 village of Kaskaskia and Prairie du Eocher, much of it already 
 covered by French grants previously made. For the better car- 
 rying out their plans, the British officers, and perhaps their 
 
 grantees, destroyed, to some extent, the records of the ancient 
 French grants at Kaskaskia, by which the regular claim of titles 
 and conveyances was partly broken. This British grant of thirty 
 thousand acres, which had been assigned to John Edgar, was 
 afterward patented by Governor St. Clair to Edgar and John 
 Murray St. Clair, the Governor's son, to whom Edgar had pre- 
 viously conveyed a moiety by deed. Although much fault was 
 found with the transaction, a confirmation of the grant was 
 secured from the United States government. 
 
 "When Virginia ceded Illinois, it was stipulated that the 
 Fj'ench and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers, who had 
 professed allegiance to Virginia, should have their titles con- 
 firmed to them. Congress afterwards authorized the Governor 
 to confirm the possessions and titles of the French to their lands. 
 In accordance with this agreement. Governor St. Clair, in 1790, 
 issued a proclamation directing the inhabitants to exhibit their 
 titles and claims to the lands which they held, in order to be 
 confirmed in their possession. Where the instruments were 
 found to be authentic, orders of survey were issued, the expense 
 of which was borne by the parties who claimed ownership. The 
 French inhabitants were in such poverty at this time that they 
 were really unable to pay the expenses of the surveys, and a 
 memorial signed by P. Gibault, the priest at Kaskaskia, and 
 eighty-seven others, was presented to Governor St. Clair, praying 
 him to petition Congress for relief in the matter. In 1791, 
 Congress directed that four hundred acres of land should be 
 granted to the head of every family which had made improve- 
 ments in Illinois prior to the year 1788. Before this, in 1788, 
 Congress had also directed that a donation be given to each of 
 the families then living at either of the villages of Kaskaskia, 
 Prairie du Eocher, Cahokia, Fort Chartres, or St. Phillips. 
 These were known as " bead-right " claims. 
 
 At an early date, speculation became active in the land 
 claims of different kinds ; bead-rights, improvement rights, mili- 
 tia rights, and fraudulent claims were produced in great num- 
 bers. The French claims were partly unconfirmed, owing to the 
 poverty of that people, and these were forced on the market 
 with the others. The official report of the commissioners at 
 Kaskaskia, made in 1810, shows that eight hundred and ninety 
 land claims were rejected as being illegal or fraudulent. Three 
 hundred arid seventy were reported as being supported by per- 
 jury, and a considerable number were forged. There are fourteen 
 names given of persons, both English and French, who made it 
 a regular business to furnish sworn certificates, professing an 
 intimate knowledge, in every case, of the settlers who had made 
 certain improvements upon which claims were predicated and 
 when and where they were located. A Frenchman, clerk of the 
 parish of Prairie du Eocher, " without property and fond of 
 liquor," after having given some two hundred depositions in 
 favor of three land claimant speculators, " was induced," in the 
 language of the report, " either by compensation, fear, or the 
 impossibility of obtaining absolution on any other terms, to de- 
 clare on oath that the said depositions were false, and that in 
 giving them he had a regard for something beyond the truth." 
 
 The report of the commissioners raised many doubts in regard 
 to the validity and propriety of a number of confirmations by 
 the Governors, and much dissatisfaction among the claimants ; 
 and in consequence. Congress, in 1812, passed an act for the 
 revision of these land claims in the Kaskaskia district. The 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 commissioners under this law were Michael Jones, John Cald- 
 well and Thomas Sloo. Facts damaging to persons who occu- 
 pied positions of high respectability in the community, were 
 disclosed. They reported that the English claim of thirty thou- 
 sand acres confirmed by Governor St. Clair to John Edgar and 
 the Governor's son, joha Murray St. Clair, was founded in 
 neither law nor equity, that the patent was issued after the 
 Governor's power ceased to exist, and the claim ought not to be 
 confirmed. Congress, however, confirmed it. 
 
 For a period of several, years, emigration was considerably 
 retarded by the delay in adjusting land titles. The act of Con- 
 gress passed in 1813, granting the right of pre-emption, to set- 
 tlers, was influential in bringing the public lands into market. 
 Emigrants poured into the country, and improvements were 
 rapidly made. 
 
 CIVIL OEGANIZATION. 
 
 The history of Illinois has been traced while a possession of 
 France, and when under the British government ; and the for- 
 mation of Illinois as a County of Virginia has been noted. The 
 several States afterwards agreed, on the adoption of -the Articles 
 of the Confederation, to cede their claims to the western land to 
 the General government. Virginia executed her deed of cession 
 March 1st, 1784. For several years after, there was an imper- 
 fect administration of the law in Illinois. The French customs 
 partly held force, and afiairs were partly governed by the pro- 
 mulgations of the British commandants issued from Fort Char- 
 tres, and by the regulations which had subsequently been issued 
 by the Virginia authorities. 
 
 By the ordinance of 1787, all the territory north-west of the 
 Ohio not constituted into one district, the laws to be administered 
 by a governor and secretary, a court was instituted of three 
 judges. A general assembly was provided for, the members to 
 be chosen by the people. General Arthur St. Clair was selected 
 by Congress, as Governor of the north-western territory. The 
 seat of government was at Marietta, Ohio. 
 
 In the year 1795, Governor St. Clair divided St. Clair County. 
 All south of a line running through the New Design settlement 
 (in the present County of Monroe) was erected into the County 
 of Randolph. In honor of Edmund Randolph of Virginia, the 
 new county received its name. 
 
 Shadrach Bond, afterward the first Governor, was elected from 
 Illinois, a member of the Territorial Legislature which convened 
 at Cincinnati, in January, 1799. In 1800 the Territory of In- 
 diana was formed, of which Illinois constituted a part, with the 
 seat of government at Vincennes. About 1806, among other 
 places in the "West, Aaron Burr visited Kaskaskia in an en- 
 deavor to enlist men for his treasonable scheme against the 
 government. In 1805, George Fisher was elected from Ran- 
 dolph County a member of the Territorial Legislature, and 
 Pierre Menard was chosen member of the Legislative Council. 
 
 By act of Congress, 1809, the Territory of Illinois was con- ' 
 stituted. Ninian Edwards was appointed Governor of the newly 
 organized Territory, and the seat of government established at 
 Kaskaskia. Nathaniel Pope, a relative of Edwards, received 
 the appointment of Secretary. 
 
 For nearly four years after the organization of the Territorial 
 Government no legislature existed in Illinois. All election for 
 representatives was held on the eighth, ninth, and tenth of 
 
 October, 1812. Shadrach Bond, then a resident of St. Clair 
 County, was elected the first Delegate to Congress from Illinois, 
 Pierre Menard was chosen from Randolph County member of 
 the Legislative Council, and George Fisher of the House of 
 Representatives. The Legislature convened at Kaskaskia on 
 the twenty-fifth of November, 1812. 
 
 In April, 1818, a bill providing for the admission of Illinois 
 into the Union as a sovereign State was passed by Congress. A 
 Convention to frame a Constitution assembled at Kaskaskia in 
 the following July. The first election under the Constitution 
 was held in September, 1818, and Shadrach Bond was elected 
 Governor, and Pierre Menard, Lieutenant Governor. Illinois 
 was now declared by Congress admitted to the Union as on equal 
 footing in all respects with the original States. The Legislature 
 again met at Kaskaskia in January, 1819. This was the last 
 session ever held at Kaskaskia. Vandalia, the same year, was 
 selected as Capital of the State. It was stipulated that Vanda- 
 lia was to be the Capital for twenty years. At the end of that 
 period it was changed to Springfield. Below we give list of 
 governors and chief officers of Illinois. 
 
 Illinois was constituted a separate Territory by act of Con- 
 gress, February 3d, 1809. 
 
 OFFICERS OF TSE STATE OF ILLINOLS. 
 
 FEOM 1809, 
 
 TO 1878. 
 
 ILLINOIS TERRITORY. 
 
 DATE OF COMMISSION 
 NAME or ornC«E. office. OB INArocnATION. 
 
 Nathaniel Pope, Secretary of the Territory March 7, 1809. 
 
 SNuiian Edwards, Governor, ._. April 21, 1809. 
 
 H, H. Maxwell, Auditor Public Accounts, 1816. 
 
 Daniel P. Cook " " " January 13, 1816. 
 
 Joseph Phillips Secretary December 17, *16. 
 
 Enbert Blackwell Auditor Public Accounts, April 5, 1817. 
 
 Elijah C. Berry " " " August 29, 1817. 
 
 John Thomas, Treasurer li\%. 
 
 STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Shadrach Bond Governor, October 6 1818. 
 
 Pierre Menard Lieut-Governor, " g jgig. 
 
 Elias K. Kane, Secretary of State, " 6 1818. 
 
 Elijah C. Berry, Auditor Public Accounts, ' 1818. 
 
 John Thomas Treasurer, jg^g] 
 
 Robert K. McLaughlin,... " !August 2, 1819. 
 
 Edward Coles Governor, December. 1822. 
 
 Adolphus P. Hubbard Lieut.- Governor, " 1822 
 
 Samuel D. Lockwood, Secretary of State. •' jg jg22 
 
 AUner Field, Treasurer ".'.".'."'.".'.".'.January 14,' 1823* 
 
 David Blackwell, Secretary of State April 2 1823 
 
 MorrisBirbeck " « , October 15, 1824. 
 
 George Forquer, " » January 15. 1825. 
 
 ^«.an Edwards Governor December, 1826 
 
 William Kinney Lieut-Governor, « ig2(5' 
 
 James Hall, Treasurer, Febr'v 12 18'>7 
 
 Alexander P. Field, Secretary of State '.January 23, 1829. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 29 
 
 John Keynolds, Governor, December 9, 1830. 
 
 Zadook Casey, Lieut-Governor, " 9,1830. 
 
 John Dement Treasurer, February 5, 1831. 
 
 James T. B. Stapp, Auditor Public Accounts, August 27, 1831. 
 
 Joseph Duncan, Governor, December, 1834 
 
 Alexander M. Jenkins, ...Lieut-Governor, " 1834. 
 
 Levi Davis Auditor Public Accounts Nov. 16, 1835. 
 
 Charles Gregory, Treasurer,- December 5, 1836. 
 
 John D. Whiteside, '• March 4,1837. 
 
 Thomas Carlin, Governor December, 1838. 
 
 Stinson H. Anderson Lieut-Governor, " 1838. 
 
 Stephen A. Douglas, Secretary of State, Nov. 30, 1840. 
 
 Lyman Trumbull " " March 1, 1841. 
 
 Milton Carpenter, Treasurer " 1841. 
 
 James Shields, Auditor Public Accounts, " 1841. 
 
 Thomas Ford, r: Governor, December 8, 1842. 
 
 John Moore, Lieut-Governor, " 8, 1842. 
 
 Thomas Campbell, Secretary of State, March 6, 1843. 
 
 William L.D.Ewing Auditor Public Accounts, " 6, 1843. 
 
 Thomas H.Campbell " P. A. (to fill vacancy), " 26,1848. 
 
 Augustus C. French, Governor, December 9, 1846. 
 
 Josephs. AVells Lieut-Governor, " 9,1846. 
 
 Horaces. Cooley Secretary of State, " 23, 1846. 
 
 John Moore Treasurer, (to fill vacancy), August 14, 1848. 
 
 William McMurtry, Lieut-Governor, January, 1849|. 
 
 David L. Gregg, Sec'y. of State (to fill vacancy),April 3, 1850. 
 
 Joel A. Matteson, Governor, January, 1853. 
 
 Gustavus Koerner, Lieut-Governor, " 1853. 
 
 Alexander Starne, Secretary of State,.., " 1853. 
 
 •<tfinian W. Edwards, Super't. Public Insfruction, March 24, 1854. 
 
 William H.Bissell, Governor, .January 12, 1357. 
 
 John Wood, Lieut-Governor, '• 12, 1857. 
 
 Ozias M. Hatch Secretary of State, " 12, 1857. 
 
 JesseK. Dubois Auditor Public Accounts, " 12,1857. 
 
 James Miller, , Treasurer '' 12, 1857. 
 
 William H. Powell, Super't. Public Instruction, " 12, 1857. 
 
 Newton Bateman, " '' " 10, 1859. 
 
 William Butler, Treasurer (to fill vacancy) September 3, 1859. 
 
 Eichard Yates Governor, January 14, 18G1. 
 
 Francis A. Hoffman, Lieut-Governor, 
 
 Ozias M. Hatch, Secretary of State, 
 
 JesseK. Dubois Auditor Public Accounts, " 
 
 William Butler, Treasurer, '' 
 
 Newton Bateman Super't. Public Instruction, " 
 
 Alexander Stame, Treasurer, '' 
 
 John P. Brooks, Super't. Public Instruction, '' 
 
 Eichard J. Oglesby, Governor •' 
 
 William Bross, Lieut-Governor, " 
 
 Sharon Tyndale, Secretary of State, '• 
 
 Orlin H.Miner Auditor Public Accounts, Dec. 12, 1864. 
 
 James H. Beveridge, Treasurer, January 9, 1865. 
 
 Newton Bateman, Super't. Public Instruction January 10, 18G5. 
 
 14, 1861. 
 14, 1861. 
 14, 1861. 
 14, 1861. 
 14, 1861. 
 12, 1863. 
 12, 1863. 
 16, 1865. 
 16, 1865. 
 16, 1865. 
 
 George W. Smith, Treasurer, January, 1867. 
 
 John M. Palmer, Governor January 11, 1869. 
 
 John Dougherty, Lieut-Governor, « u^ jggg 
 
 Edward Eummell, Secretary of State •' n' 1869 
 
 Charles E. Lippincott Auditor Public Accounts, " 11,' 1869. 
 
 ErastusN. Bates, Treasurer, " ll' 1869 
 
 Newton Bateman, Super't. Public Instruction, January, 1871. 
 
 ErastusN. Bates, Treasurer, Nov. 8 1870. 
 
 Eichard. J. Oglesby^. Governor January 13, 1873. 
 
 John L. Beveridge, Lieut-Governor, " 13 i873 
 
 George H. Harlow, Secretary of State, " 13 1873. 
 
 Charles E. Lippincott, ....Auditor Public Accounts, " 13. 1873. 
 
 Edward Eutz, Treasurer, « 13 I873. 
 
 John L. Beveridge Governor, " 
 
 John Early,.., Lieut-Governor, " 
 
 S. M. Cullom, Governor, <' 
 
 Andrew Shuman Lieut-Governor, «' 
 
 George H. Harlow, Secretary of State, " 
 
 Edward Eutz, Treasurer, •< 
 
 T. B. Needles, Auditor Public Accounts " 
 
 S. M. Etter Super't. Public Instruction,.... " 
 
 J. P. Slade, " " 
 
 J. C. Smith, Treasurer, •' 
 
 S. M. Cullom, Governor " 
 
 John M.Hamilton, Lieut.-Govemor •' 
 
 Henry O. Dement, Secretary of Sate, " 
 
 Charles P. Swigert, Auditor PublicAccounts, " 
 
 Edward Eutz, Treasurer,....- " 
 
 Believing that it will be interesting to the youiiger readers of 
 our work, we subjoin the following list of Presidents of the 
 United States : 
 
 23, 1873. 
 23, 1873. 
 
 8, 1877. 
 
 8, 1877. 
 
 8, 1877. 
 
 8, 1877. 
 
 8, 1877. 
 
 8, 1877. 
 
 8, 1879. 
 
 8, 1879. 
 10, 1881. 
 10, 1881. 
 10, 1881. 
 10, 1881. 
 10, 1881. 
 
 PREfllDENTS UNDEE THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 TEEM OF SEEVICE. 
 
 George Washington Virginia 1789 to 1797, eight years. 
 
 John Adams Massachusetts,. ...1797 to 1801, four years. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Virginia 1801 to 1809, eight years. 
 
 James Madison Virginia 1809 to 1817, eight years. 
 
 James Monroe Virginia, 1817 to 1825, eight years. 
 
 John Quinoy Adams Massachusetts,. ...1825 to 1829, four years. 
 
 Andrew Jackson Tennessee, 1829 to 1837, eight years. 
 
 Martin Van Buren New York, 1837 to 1841, four years. 
 
 William H. Harrison Ohio, 1841, one month. 
 
 John Tyler Virginia, 1841 to 1845, four years. 
 
 James K. Polk Tennessee, 1845 to 1849, four years. 
 
 Zaohary Taylor Louisiana, 1849 to 1850, one year. 
 
 Millard Fillmore New York, 18-50 to 1853, three years. 
 
 Franklin Pierce New Hamp.shire,.1853 to 1857, four years. 
 
 James Buchanan Pennsylvania, 1857 to 1861, four years. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, (murdered)..IlHnois ,...1861 to 1865, 4 yrs. 1 mo. 
 
 Andrew Johnson Tennessee, 1865 to 1869, four years. 
 
 Ul.vsses S. Grant :.. ..Illinois, 1869 to 1877, eight years. 
 
 Eutherford B. Hayes Ohio, 1877, to 18'!1, fo-ir vears. 
 
 James A.Garfield Ohio, 1881, present incumbent. 
 
 POPUL^TIOISr OF ILLIINrOIS, BY OOUI>TTIES. 
 
 P0PTJI.ATION. 
 
 COUNTIES. ,„_„ 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Adams 56,362 69,148 
 
 Alexander 10,564 14,809 
 
 Bond 13,152 14,873 
 
 Boone 12,942 11,527 
 
 Brown 12,205 13,044 
 
 Bureau 32,415 33,189 
 
 Calhoun 6,562 7,471 
 
 Carroll 16,705 16,895 
 
 Cass 11,580 14,494 
 
 Champaign 32,737 40,869 
 
 Chrisfian 20,363 28,232 
 
 Clark 18,719 21,900 
 
 Clay ; 15,875 16,195 
 
 Clinton 16,285 18,718 
 
 Coles 25,235 27,065 
 
 Cook 349,966 607,468 
 
 Crawford 13,889 16,190 
 
 Cumberland... 12,223 13,762 
 
 De Kalb ' 23,265 26,774 
 
 De Witt 14,768 17,014 
 
 Douglass 13,484 15,857 
 
 Du Page 16,685 19,187 
 
 rOPTJLATION. 
 
 COUNTIES. ,„_„ _„„„ 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Edgar 21,450 25,504 
 
 Edwards 7,665 8,600 
 
 Effingham 15,663 18,924 
 
 Fayette 19,638 ?3,243 
 
 Ford 9,103 15,106 
 
 Franklin 12,652 16,129 
 
 Fulton 88,291 41,249 
 
 Gallatin 11,134 12,862 
 
 Greene 20,277 23,014 
 
 Grundy 14,938 16,738 
 
 Hamilton 13,014 16,712 
 
 Hancock 36,935 35,362 
 
 Hardin 5,113 6,024 
 
 Henderson 12,662 10,766 
 
 Henry 36,506 36,609 
 
 Iroquois 26,782 35,457 
 
 Jackson ..: 19,634 22,608 
 
 Jasper....; 11,234 14,615 
 
 Jefferson 17,864 20,686 
 
 Jersey 15,054 15,646 
 
 Jo Daviess 27,820 27,534 
 
 Johnson 11,248 13,079 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Kane, 39,091 44,966 
 
 Kankakee 24,362 24,961 
 
 Kendall 12,390 13,(184 
 
 Knox 39,622 38,360 
 
 Lake 21,014 21,299 
 
 La Salle 60,792 70,420 
 
 Lawrence 12,533 13,663 
 
 Lee 27,171 27,494 
 
 Livingston 31,471 38,460 
 
 Logan 23,053 25,041 
 
 McDonough ... 26,609 27,984 
 
 MoHenry 23,762 24,9U 
 
 McLean 53,988 60,115 
 
 Macon 26,481 30,671 
 
 Macoupin 32,726 87,705 
 
 Madison 44,131 60,141 
 
 Marion 20,622 23,691 
 
 Marshall 16,966 15,036 
 
 Mason 16,184 16,244 
 
 Massac 9,581 10,443 
 
 Menard 11,735 13,028 
 
 Mercer 18,769 19,601 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Monroe 12,982 13,682 
 
 Montgomery... 25,314 28,086 
 
 Morgan 28,463 31,619 
 
 Moultrie 10,386 13,706 
 
 Ogle 27,492 29,946 
 
 Peoria 47,540 55,419 
 
 Perry 18,723 16,008 
 
 Piatt 10,963 16,583 
 
 Pike 30,768 33,761 
 
 Pope 11,4.37 13,2.56 
 
 Pulaski 8,762 9,507 
 
 Putnam 6,280 5,655 
 
 Randolph 20,859 25,691 
 
 Eiohland 12,803 15,546 
 
 Eock Island ... 29,783 38,314 
 
 St. Clair 61,068 61,860 
 
 Saline 12,714 15,940 
 
 Sangamon 46,352 52,902 
 
 Schuyler 17,419 16,249 
 
 Scott 10,530 10,745 
 
 Shelby 26,476 30,282 
 
 Stark 10,761 11,209 
 
 POPULATION. 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Stephenson 30,608 31,970 
 
 Tazewell 27,903 29,679 
 
 Union 16,618 18,100 
 
 Vermillion 30,388 41,600, 
 
 Wabash 8,841 9,945 
 
 Warren 23,174 22,940 
 
 Washington ... 17,599 21,117 
 
 WayOe 19,758 21,297 
 
 White 16,846 23,089 
 
 Whitesides 27,503 80,888 
 
 Will 48,013 63,424 
 
 Williamson .... 17,329 19,326 
 
 Winnebago .... 29,301 80,618 
 
 Woodford 18,956 21,630 
 
 Total 2,639,891 3,078,769 
 
 White, 3,032,174; Colored, 46,- 
 595, including 214 Chinese, and 
 133 Indians. 
 
30 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 •CHAPTER V. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY, AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES, AND RAILROAD 
 
 FACILITIES. 
 
 I N view of the irregularity of conformation of the 
 State of Illinois it is hard to locate St. Clair 
 county specifically ; to speak of it as one of the 
 south-western counties is eminently proper. Geo- 
 graphically it lies wholly within the degree belt 
 lying north of the thirty-eighth parallel of lati- 
 tude, whilst the thirteenth meridian of longitude, 
 west from Washington, bisects it north and south. 
 Its northern boundary is 38° 33' north latitude : its 
 southern 38° 10' 45" north ; whilst its eastern is 12". 42' 30" west 
 longitude and its most western point 13° 16' west. Its greatest 
 length east and west is thirty miles. Its width thirty miles. It 
 contains 653.36 square miles or 418,162 acres. It is bounded on 
 the north by Madison ; east by Clinton and Washington ; south by 
 Eandolph and Monroe ; west by Monroe county and the State of 
 Missouri. The Mississippi river washes its western shore for a dis- 
 tance of thirteen miles. Belleville, situated north-west of the cen- 
 tre, and midway between the Mississippi and Kaskaskia rivers is 
 the capital of the county. It is fourteen miles distant from St. 
 Louis, and one hundred and ten miles from Springfield, 111. It em- 
 braces sixteen full and five fractional parts of congressional town- 
 ships, and is divided for political purposes into sixteen voting pre- 
 cincts, known as Athens, Belleville, Cahokia, Caseyville, Center- 
 ville, Fayetteville, French Village, East St. Louis, Lebanon, Mas- 
 coutah, O'Fallon, Prairie du Pont, Richland, St. Clair, Summer- 
 field and Shiloh. 
 
 The first surveys of land under the government of the United 
 States, were made by William Rector in 1808. They were part of 
 Cahokia Commons and military claims. The surveying of Con- 
 gressional townships was not made until 1814, when much of the 
 work was done by John Messinger, who was a sub-contractor under 
 Rector. The first land entries of these lands were by Robert Le- 
 man, of 441.63 acres in section 1, T. 2 N. R. 8 W. August 12th. 
 1814 ; by John Scott of 320 acres being the south half of section 
 1, T. 1 N. R. 8 W., August 13th, 1814; by Hugh Alexander 320 
 acres, being the south half of section 4, T. 1 N. R. 7 W., August 
 13, 18 14. After August 15th, there were many more the same year ; 
 for records of which see histories of precincts. Numerous claims 
 had been made, notably on the score of military service performed 
 prior to this, elsewhere recorded in this work. 
 
 Pjpit^ixftoft.— According to the census of 1880 the population of 
 the county is 61,850, composed of persons of German, English, 
 French, Swiss, Irish and African descent. The German element 
 largely preponderates. In 1870 the population was 51,068, show- 
 ing an increase of nearly twenty per cent, during the last decade. 
 
 ^Topography .—The surface of the country presents a pleasing 
 variety, gently rolling prairies predominating. Along the water 
 courses, or in some instances, notably along the Mississippi, at a re- 
 move from five to seven miles distant are precipitous bluffs. The 
 valleys intervening are low, level, and oft-times covered to con- 
 siderable depth with rich alluvial deposits from swollen rivers hav- 
 ing inundated their surface. These bluffs, like adamantine walls 
 checking the course of destruction of raging floods, are from eighty 
 to one hundred and fifty feet in height. In places the valleys bear 
 strong evidences of having been beds of rivers or lakes. The relative 
 proportion of open and woodland is as six to one. On many of the 
 
 prairies are stretches of young and vigorous timber, where once 
 was an open space consequent upon annual fires sweeping everything 
 before them. The timber belts follow the meanderings of the various 
 streams or crown the bluffs that hem in their valleys. Following 
 up the course of the Kaskaskia river from where it furnishes a di- 
 viding line between this and Monroe counties, to where it enters on 
 the eastern boundary, a shifting of bluffs from one bank to the other 
 is noted. Opposite these bluffs are usually low, level and swampy 
 tracts, dotted here and there with lakes. These low lands are high-, 
 ly productive, but to be brought to their highest excellence must be 
 drained and protected against overflow by means of levees. The 
 same is true of that part of the Great Mississippi bottom lying with- 
 in this county. Sloughs of hundreds of acres in extent, lie along 
 the base of the foot hills and bluffs bounding this " bottom," rich 
 in vegetable growth ; prolific in exerting miasmatic influence ; for- 
 bidding both to the eye and hand, waiting to be made to " bloom 
 and blossom as the rose" before the hand of industry when once 
 redeemed by drainage. 
 
 Turkey Hill: — Is the highest point in the county, being a 
 short distance south-east of Belleville. Its situation is command- 
 ing and imposing, overlooking a vast stretch of prairie and valley, 
 twenty to thirty miles in extent to the eastward. To the south 
 trends Prairie Tamarawais, named for the Indians who once resort- 
 ed hither. The largest prairie in the south-eastern part of the 
 county is Twelve Mile prairie, luxuriant in its herbage and happy 
 in its home. East of Belleville surrounded by gently rising hills, 
 is the beautiful Shiloh Valley. Its loveliness is unsurpassed by any 
 in the state. In the eastern part of the county, in Mascoutah pre- 
 cinct, as also in the southern in Richland, are sloughs of consider- 
 able extent awaiting the construction of ditches to carry off their 
 surplus waters, in turn to become fruitful fields. 
 
 The native kinds of timber are fully set forth in the chapter on 
 the Flora of the county, hence demand but brief mention here. 
 The largest bodies of timber skirt the streams. Oak in great va- 
 riety abounds ; embracing black, white, over-cup, post, &c. There 
 are also white, black and shell bark hickory ; soft and sugar maple; 
 ash; sasafras ; black and white or English walnut ; wild cherry; 
 elm; pecan; sycamore; honey-locust ; box-alder ; paw-paw; buck- 
 eye ; red-bud ; persimmon ; hackberry and other woods indigenous 
 to south and central Illinois. Of shade trees there are black-locust, 
 poplar, elm, maple, catalpa and the numerous family of evergreens. 
 The preservation of forests is a question of vital importance. When 
 it is remembered that wood is an article of constant daily consump- 
 tion, positively indispensable to nearly every use and appliance of 
 modern civilization ; that railroads require millions of ties annual- 
 ly for purposes of construction, as well as reparation ; it becomes 
 a question of moment, when will the supply be exhausted ? The 
 cessation of prairie fires, with their besom of destruction, admits a 
 growth not enjoyed before the occupation of the land in the inter- 
 ests of agriculture. 
 
 Hydrography:— The county is well supplied with natural water 
 courses. Along a part of its western boundary roll the waters of 
 the Mississippi, whilst entering from the east, flowing a south-west- 
 erly course, leaving on the south, is the Kaskaskia. Its length 
 within the county is about thirty miles. It, together with its tribu- 
 taries, drain the eastern half of the county. Prominent among its 
 tributaries are. Silver Creek (so named because of a belief in the 
 existence of silver along its course) which enters the county from 
 the north, flows a southerly course, emptying into the Kaskaskia 
 above New Athens. Big Mud creek which enters the county from 
 the south-east, flows a north-westerly course, emptying into the Kas- 
 kaskia below Fayetteville. Dosa creek, which drains much of 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 31 
 
 Athens precinct and their numerous smaller tributaries, many of 
 which are fed by springs. 
 
 The south-central part of the county is drained by Richland 
 creek and its affluents ; the western by Prairie du Pont and its trib- 
 utary Grand Marius. The Prairie du Pont, with its swift current, 
 furnished the first utilized water power in the county. In addition 
 to these natural means of drainage, tiling has been resorted to with 
 excellent results. "Wet, marshy lands have through its agency, been 
 reclaimed and made to gladden the hearts of progressive husband- 
 men by the rich harvests of the cereals they have borne. This til- 
 ing, which has been in general use only a few years, is made out of 
 a species of fire clay, of which extensive beds are found in the 
 county. As the benefits of tile draining become more manifest 
 it will be still more_ extensively used, and millions will be added to 
 the wealth of the county. 
 
 Springs: — In many places, particularly along the hill sides which 
 fringe the valleys, are perennial springs of clear, pure, cold, water. 
 The most notable of these are. Falling Springs in section 22, T. 1 
 S. R. 10 W. two miles south-east of Prairie du Pont. The French 
 Call the spring L'eau Tomb. It gushes out of a perpendicular rock 
 of the Mississippi bluff, with a fall of seventy feet to the bottom 
 below. At times in the spring the volume of water is greatly aug- 
 mented ; when its rushings may be heard for a considerable distance. 
 At one time, away back in the dim past, when Catholic missiona- 
 ries sought its surrounding shades, wherein to teach savages the 
 ways of life everlasting, an effort was made, under their direction, 
 to utilize these waters by the construction of a water-mill. All 
 traces of it have long since disappeared. " The oldest inhabitant," 
 in early childhood, had the crumbling ruins pointed out to him, and 
 was told that a hollow log conveyed the water to the wheel of the 
 mill. At the present the springs are much visited by pleasure and 
 picnic parties. 
 
 A short distance east of Falling Springs in sccton 24,T. 1 S.,R- 10 
 W., are springs quite strongly impregnated|with magnesia. Their tem- 
 perature is uniform at all seasons of the year, fluctuating only from 
 54° to 56° Fahrenheit. The Bellville Fish Club, organized some 
 six years ago, have constructed artificial ponds, wherein they are 
 propagating trout. The third year after the stocking of the ponds, 
 trout of a pound weight were taken from them. 
 
 On section 35, same township and range, is the largest spring 
 in the county. It pours forth from an aperture in the rocks, at 
 about the height of a man, from the general surface below. Tliis 
 entire township is full of springs, some of them only filled in wet 
 seasons. After the waters recede, they become dry sink-holes. 
 
 Mounds. — Much speculation has been indulged in respecting the 
 group of mounds to the south and south-west of Cahokia, and also 
 Monks Mound, just across the line in Madison county. Many 
 archaeologists have claimed them as evidences of the existence of a 
 prehistoric race ; others as the work of aborigines — the progenitors 
 of the Indian race. Others still have asserted that the finding of 
 crosses within these mounds, attest the builders to have been de- 
 scendants of European races, perhaps the Northmen who crossed 
 the Arctic Ocean several centuries before Columbus made his dis- 
 coveries in the new world. They cannot think of crosses save as 
 emblems of Christianity. To them the link between the Christian 
 religion and the cross is plain. Again, there are those who in view of 
 the irregularity of position of these mounds, — fifty to sixty in 
 number, scattered over St. Clair county,— believe them but the 
 result of natural causes — drift-clay and loess, deposited by waters 
 which have receded from them. The fact that human bones are 
 found within them, instead of proving them to have been made for 
 interment of the dead, only proves their having been selected for 
 
 such purpose. That they were erected as fortresses, or as homes, is 
 scouted by many ; whilst scientists are laboring earnestly to satisfy 
 prying human curiosity respecting these speculations, the mounds 
 have an existence, whether by human or divine agency. They vary 
 in height from ten to sixty feet, or more, and in other dimensions 
 their variance is equally noticeable. Sugar Loaf, on the Bluff, 
 near Falling Springs, is among the highest of these mounds in this 
 county. From its summit a view of rare beauty spreads out, like a 
 panorama, before the eye. 
 
 Soil. — This county contains nearly all the elemental classes of 
 soil known to agricultural writers. Argillaceous, calcareous and 
 silicious soils, vegetable and alluvial loams, are represented by 
 turns in the different geological formations which abound, often 
 blended with each other in such minute gradations as to make it a 
 task of some difficulty to classify them without preceding analysis. 
 All these soils are characterized by an abundance of live spring- 
 water, and a spontaneous growth of natural grasses and forest 
 trees. Cultivation of the soil has greatly diminished the former, so 
 that where once a luxuriant growth of wild-grasses furnished suste-. 
 nance to herds of cattle and droves of hogs, cultivated fields more 
 than compensate for their extinguishment. Here we find a stretch 
 of the great sedimentary basin of the Mississippi valley, with its 
 aggregations of centuries, constituting a soil of inexhaustible fer- 
 tility, and destined yet to be the great market-garden whence will 
 be supplied the wants of one of our nation's great cities. Hard by, 
 frowning down upon this v.alley, are the bluffs, whose heights are 
 crowned with clay loam, or here and there, but a thin covering of 
 silicious soil, whose unfruitfulness, by a wise dispensation of nature, 
 is compensated for by the coal measure beneath. Then again, 
 farther to the east, are reached vast prairies with a wondrous 
 wealth of black soil, from one to six feet in depth, and commonly 
 termed "vegetable mould," from the fact that for untold ages, ex- 
 tending back to the glacial period, immense accummulations of 
 decayed vegetable matter have been successively adding their 
 treasures, fertilizing these plains, — fitting them to become the sup- 
 ply stations for a dense population. Imperceptibly do the different 
 varieties of soil blend and intermingle. There is too, a cold, 
 yellowish clay, protruding itself to the surface in places on the 
 uplands, but its extent is limited. With proper appliances, such 
 as drainage, there is but little land in the county not susceptible of 
 cultivation. 
 
 Agriculture. — In no branch of industry have more rapid strides 
 been made than in the development of agriculture. The earliest 
 inhabitants, after the aborigines, of this county, were the French, 
 at Cahokia. Their lands were allotted to them in long, narrow 
 strips, usually one arpent in width, containing sixty acres and 
 upwards. To supply a home demand in cereals was the height of 
 their ambition. Hence inventive genius sought no improvement in 
 the sickle or reap-hook, no substitute for tramping out the ripened 
 grain with horses or oxen, nor yet an improvement on the wooden 
 mould-board plow. Their plowing was mostly done with oxen, 
 which were yoked together by the horns, and not by the neck, as 
 now. It was probably a hundred years after the first settlements 
 were made before a wagon was brought into requisition. They were 
 constructed without an atom of iron. Because of this, the first 
 Americans that located here called them "bare-footed carts." But 
 little corn was raised. Spring wheat was mostly sowed ; potatoes 
 were raised in considerable quantities. Exportation of surplus 
 crops was occasionally attempted, by means of flat-boats, to New 
 Orleans. The market was uncertain ; the navigation of the river 
 more so. Apples, pears, and a few peaches and apricots were culti- 
 vated. The French rarely ever troubled themselves with milking 
 
32 
 
 HISTOE OF ST. CLAIR CO UNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 cows, but turned the calves out with other cattle, and hence not 
 sufficient butter or cheese was made for home consumption. But 
 little advancement was made by early settlers m other parts of the 
 county for many years, although a spirit of industry was every- 
 where manifest. In 1810 parties constructed a raft on the Kas- 
 kaskia, in the neighborhood of New Athens, and after loading it 
 with corn, potatoes, chickens, etc., floated down to New Orleans, 
 where they disposed of cargo and raft. Comparing then and now, 
 what changes are noted ; what rapid strides have been made in the 
 onward march, keeping time to the music of progress which every- 
 where pervades the Mississippi, the greatest of earth's valleys. 
 Figures, those Roman sentinels placed upon the watch-towers of 
 human understanding, present this story of growth in their true 
 light. According to the returns made by the assessor, there were 
 raised in this county last year 2,509,381 bushels wheat; 1,774,740 
 bushels corn ; 269,465 bushels oats ; 149,136 bushels apples, and 
 other crops in like proportion — figures that will compare favorably 
 with those presented by some entire states. (For agricultural 
 statistics in full, see table elsewhere in this work.) 
 
 The mission of the farmer is to create wealth, and here it is 
 being well fulfilled. St. Clair is second to no county in the state 
 when we consider the great variety and lavish production of grains, 
 fruit3, etc. Not only are great crops of the cereals produced, but 
 the potato and other tuberous plants are successfully cultivated, 
 adding largely to the export trade of the county. All varieties of 
 grapes, berries, currants and garden vegetables grow well, pro- 
 ducing a trade that adds liberally to the profits of agriculture. 
 Blue-grass, timothy and clover are the principal cultivated grasses, 
 and afibrd rich pasturage for stock, and the finest quality of hay 
 for the market The acreage of pasturage and grass lands is con- 
 stantly being increased. 
 
 Transportation Facilities. — The first means employed for trans- 
 portation of surplus products were rafts and rudely-constructed 
 boats, on the Mississippi, along the western boundary of the county ; 
 then the Kaskaskia, an important tributary, which furnished an 
 outlet for the eastern part of the county. As early as 1811 Jacob 
 Short and Moses Quick made a trip by raft, carrying provisions 
 to the New Orleans market. It was doubted whether the Mississippi 
 river could, with its swift current, be navigated by steamboats. 
 These doubts were dispelled by the landing at St. Louis of the 
 " General Pike," commmanded by Capt. James Reed, on August 2, 
 1817. It was nearly two years thereafter that a second boat 
 ascended the river. This was the " Harriet," from New Orleans, 
 on June 2, 1819 ; it was commanded by Capt. Armitage. The trip 
 was made in twenty-seven days. This was the beginning of river 
 communication between the cities of New Orleans and St. Louis, 
 by steamboat. And at this writing, a large per cent- of the coal, 
 manufactured and agricultural products of St. Clair county, find 
 their way to the various markets of the world, by means of numer- 
 ous barges and steamboats, on the national highway of this valley, 
 the bosom of the Mississippi, whose waters lave the western bounda- 
 ries of this county. 
 
 Railroads. — Railroading is comparatively a new industry. Six 
 thousand years have added their contributions to science, yet during 
 fifty years only have railroads been known. Scientists of all ages 
 have grappled with problems of government, social life, and ques- 
 tions of demand and supply, and left the records of their efforts for 
 our instruction. The accumulated wisdom of centuries furnish 
 store-houses from whence we can draw such instruction ; but rail- 
 roads are things of to-day. Our fathers died after welcoming their 
 birth, and yet, brief as the span of time since their conception, what 
 mighty levers they have become in the advancement of the world's 
 
 material industries ! Archimedes said, " Give me whereon to stand, 
 and I will move the world." Railroads have found the standing- 
 space, reached forth their iron arms, and moved the world. All 
 this, too, within the memory of living men. The locomotive steam- 
 engine was invented by George Stephenson, of England, and was 
 first successfully used September 27, 1825, on a short road built 
 from Stockton to Darlington. In 1830 there were only twenty-three 
 miles of railroad in the United States. The road between Baltimore 
 and Ellicott's Mills, Maryland, 114 miles in length, was the first 
 regularly opened for passenger traffic, which was in July of that 
 year. The train was termed a " Brigade of Cars." It was the first 
 road to present a time-card. The "Brigade of Cars" was drawn 
 by horses or mules. It had not then been demonstrated that loco- 
 motives could attain a speed of over six miles an hour, nor was it 
 until later in the same season, when George Stephenson's " Rocket " 
 attained the then remarkable speed of fifteen miles an hour. In 
 the Baltimore American of July, 1830, was the advertisement of this 
 road, stating that a sufficient number of cars had been provided to 
 accommodate the traveling public, and that a brigade would leave 
 the depot on Pratt Street at 6 and 10 o'clock, A.M., and at 3 and 4 
 o'clock, P.M. ; returning, would leave the depot at Elllicott's Mills 
 at 6 and 8 J o'clock, A.M., and 12i and 6 o'clock, P.M. This time- 
 card was accompanied with positive orders prohibiting any passen- 
 gers from entering the cars without tickets, also with a provision 
 for engaging cars by the day, where parties were so disposed. 
 
 In 1837 was constructed the first railroad in the Mississippi val- 
 ley, now known as the Illinois and St. Louis railroad. It was built 
 by Governor Reynolds, Samuel B. Chandler, George Walker and 
 Daniel Pierce. In " My Own Times," Governor Reynolds says : 
 " I had a large tract of land located on the Mississippi Bluff, six 
 miles from St. Louis, which contained in it inexhaustible quantities 
 of bituminous coal. This coal mine was the nearest to St. Louis, Mo., 
 of any other on this side of the Mississippi river. I had also most 
 of the land on which a railroad might be constructed to convey the 
 coal into the market. Under these circumstances, a few others, 
 with myself, decided to construct a railroad from the bluff to the 
 Mississippi, opposite St. Louis. This road was about six miles 
 long, and although short, the engineer made an erroneous calcula- 
 tion of the cost — making the estimate less than one-half of the real 
 cost. We all embarked in this enterprise when we knew very 
 little about the construction of a railroad, or the capacity of the 
 market for the use of the coal. lu fact, the company had nothing 
 but an excessive amount of energy and vigor, together with some 
 wealth and standing, with which to construct the road ; and we 
 accomplished it. We were forced to bridge a lake over 2,000 feet 
 across, and we drove down piles more than eighty feet into the 
 mud and water of the lake, on which to erect the bridge. We put 
 three piles on the top of one another, fastened the ends together, 
 battering the piles down with a metal battering-ram of 1,400 pounds 
 weight. The members of the company themselves hired the hands— 
 at times one hundred a day— and overlooked the work. They built 
 shanties to board the hands in, and procured provisions and lodging 
 for them. They graded the track, cut and hauled the timber, 
 piled the lake, built the road, and had it running in one season of 
 the year 1837. This work was performed in opposition to much 
 clamor against it, that it would not succeed, that we would break at 
 it, and such predictions. We had not the means nor the time in 
 one year to procure the iron for the rails, or the locomotive, so we 
 were compelled to work the road without iron, and with horse- 
 power. We did so, and delivered much coal to the river. It was 
 strange how it was possible we could construct the road under 
 these circumstances. It was the first railroad built in the Mi-sis- 
 
HI8T0BY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 33 
 
 sippi valley, and such an improvement was new to every one, as 
 well as to our company. The members of the company and I — 
 one of them — lay out on the premises of the road day and night 
 while the work was progressing ; and I assert that it was the 
 greatest work or enterprise ever performed in Illinois under the 
 circumstances. But it well-nigh broke us all." Such is the history 
 of what is now known as the 
 
 Illinois and St. Louis Railroad, which was not regularly char- 
 tered until February, 1841, when the name "St. Clair Railroad 
 Coal Co.," was bestowed on it. In 1859 the name was changed to 
 "Pittsburg Railroad and Coal Co.," and in 1865 it was changed 
 to that it now bears. For years it was run without suitable ter- 
 minal facilities. Its bridge connections and depot grounds in St. 
 Louis were not secured until 1878. The enti/e cost of the road, 
 including these added facilities, has not been less than $75,000 per 
 mile. Under its present manageraeot, which is aggressive, it is 
 proving remunerative. It has a length of 15 miles, 1,799 feet, with 
 10 miles, 3,581 feet of side-track and switches. Its assessed value 
 is 8202,914. The gross earnings for the year ending December 
 31, 1880, were $203,830.62, or an average of $7,549.28 per mile of 
 road. Of these earnings $32,534. 82 were derived from the trans- 
 portation of passengers ; $159,566.12 from freight, and $11,70968 
 from miscellaneous sources, The working expenses, including 
 taxes, amounted to $132,994.40, an average of $4,922 02 per mile ; 
 and the excess of earnings over expenses and taxes was $40,365.32. 
 In addition to paying the annual interest on mortgage bonds and 
 floating debt amounting to $20,169.54, the company expended 
 $41,041.74 on equipment and construction. 
 
 Cairo Short Line. — This road crosses St. Clair county diagonally 
 from East St. Louis, via Centreville station, Belleville, Freeburg, 
 Lementon, New Athens, Lenzburg and Marissa,' a distance of 40i 
 miles, leaving the county a few rods west of its most south-eastern 
 corner. Its business within the limits of this county is large, en- 
 gaged as it is in the transportation of coal from a majority of 
 .stations ; of flour from Marissa, Athens, Freeburg and Belleville ; 
 of building stone from Centreville station ; of grain from every 
 station. Its extension from Belleville eastward to its present termi- 
 nus, Du Quoin, in Perry county, seventy-three miles from St. 
 Louis. Number of miles of road, 71 ; aggregate length of sidings, 19 
 miles ; total track mileage, 90 miles. Miles of main line are mostly 
 laid with steel rails, where it connects with the Illinois Central, 
 was made in 1870. When first built it was called Belleville and 
 Southern Illinois railroad, and was at once leased to the St. Louis, 
 Alton and Terre Haute railroad company for a term of nine hun- 
 dred and ninety-nine years, the lessees covenanting to pay $88,000 
 per annum. Large amounts are being expended on equipment; 
 passenger cars are being equipped with all modern appliances for 
 safety and comfort ; in brief, everything possible is being done to 
 popularize the "Short Line" and utilize its resources in the interest 
 of patrons. 
 
 The Ohio and Mississippi. — This road crosses the northern part 
 of the county from East St. Louis, via Caseyville, Forman, O'Fallon, 
 Lebanon and Summerfield, two miles east of which last mentioned, 
 it eaves the county. In 1848 the legislature of Indiana passed an 
 act incorporating the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, empowering it 
 to locate, construct and maintain a road leading from Lawrence- 
 burg on the Ohio, to Vincennes on the Wabash, and contemplating 
 an eastern extension to Cincinnati, Ohio, and a western to East St. 
 Louis, as soon as the states of Ohio and Illinois would grant the 
 right of way. In 1849 the Ohio legislature, and in 1851 the Illii^ois, 
 extended the contemplated aid by acts of their respective bodies, 
 and in 1857 the entire length of the road was opened through for 
 5 
 
 business. The panic of that year greatly affected the road, so that 
 in 1858 creditors brought suit for foreclosure of mortgages and sale 
 of property, pending which a receiver was appointed, under whose 
 direction the road was maintained until its reorganization was 
 effected. Parties desiring the establishment of the road on a firmer 
 basis bought largely of its stock, organized a new company, and 
 held c ntrol until 1874, when it again became embarrassed, and 
 after much litigation, was placed in the hands of a receiver, John 
 King, Jr., Vice-President of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 
 acting in that capacity. Under the present administration, the 
 road has been put in excellent order ; the credit of the company 
 has been maintained, and the floating debt has been materially 
 reduced. 
 
 Louisville and Nashville formerly (St. Louis and South eastern). — 
 This road crosses the county from East St. Louis in a South-easterly 
 direction via French Village, Birckner, Belleville, Reutchler Sta- 
 tion, Mascoutah, and Pensoneau, leaving the county about two 
 miles east of the latter. Its length in the county is thirty-five and 
 four-fifth miles, including side tracks and switches. Trains first ran 
 over the line from East St. Louis to Mt. Vernon, a distance of 76 
 miles, in November, 1870, a little more than a year after its incor- 
 poration. This road transports annually large quantities of coal, 
 grain, flour, and other products, and has done much toward build- 
 ing up Mascoutah, Belleville, and other places along the line. The 
 company was marked by great enterprise and energy in the prose- 
 cution of their work. , 
 
 Cairo and St. Louis. — This road, which owns but little less than 
 four miles of track in this county, makes an East St. Louis connec- 
 tion by running its trains over the East St. Louis and Carondelet, a 
 distance of nine and a half miles, was incorporated in February, 
 1865, but was not completed until 1873. It is a narrow gauge 
 (three feet) so constructed because it was thought to be economical 
 both in construction and operation. Many townships and some 
 counties through which it passed refused to make good their sub- 
 scriptions, hence the road has been financially crippled. It now 
 does a good business, a prominent factor in which is the transporta- 
 tion of the Big Muddy coal. Its local business is not thoroughly 
 developed, and its through traffic is competitive. 
 
 Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific. — More widely and commonly 
 known as the Wabash, has a length of but two and one-eighth 
 miles in this county, running north, parallel with the C. and A., 
 and I. and St. L. lines. Through a system of consolidation, unpa- 
 ralleled in American railways, it has become a giant among them. 
 This consolidation, it is estimated, has added $50,000,000 to the 
 value of bonds and shares of the various companies now incDrpora- 
 ted in the Wabash system. The road takes its title from the river 
 of that name, a tributary of the Ohio, which in part separates the 
 States of Indiana and Illinois. 
 
 For convenience in management and operation the road is divided' 
 into two grand divisions, the eastern and western, with headquarters 
 in St. Louis. Under its new name it has rapidly extended its lines 
 east and west of the Mississippi river, and at present comprises the 
 following divisions, with termini and lengths as presented : 
 
 EASTERN DIVISION. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, to St. Louis, Mo 136 njiles. 
 
 Decatur, III., to Quincy, 111 151 " 
 
 Blufis, 111., to Hannibal, 111 50 '' 
 
 Maysville, 111., to Pittsfield 6 " 
 
 Clayton, 111., to Keokuk, Iowa 49 " 
 
 Logansport, Ind., to Butler, Ind 93 " 
 
 Ed wardsville. 111., to Edwardsville Crossing . 10 " 
 
 Bement, 111,, to Chicago . 151 " 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Decatur, 111., to Havana, 111 141 miles 
 
 Peoria, 111., to Jacksonville 83 " 
 
 State Line, 111., to Warsaw. Ill 227 " 
 
 Total miles east of the Mississippi . . . . V6^\ 
 
 WESTERN DIVISION. 
 
 St. Louis to Kansas City 277 miles. 
 
 Brunswick, Mo., to Council Bluffs, Iowa.. . . 224 " 
 
 Eoseberry, Mo., toClarinda, Iowa 22 " 
 
 Moberly, Mo., to Ottumwa, Iowa, 131 " 
 
 North Lexington, Mo., to St Joseph, Mo . . 76 " 
 
 Centralia, Mo., to Columbia, Mo 22 ' " 
 
 Salisbury, Mo., to Glasgow, Mo 15 " 
 
 Ferguson, Mo., to St. Louis 10 " 
 
 Total miles west of the Mississippi .... 777 
 
 Grand total 2158 
 
 In addition to this a branch road is being now constructed to 
 Detroit, Michigan, which, with a connection whose terms are already 
 agreed upon with the great railway system of Canada, and with a 
 further addition of double steel track thence to the seaboard, will 
 make this the most stupendous combination known to railway sys- 
 tems. The. management of the Wabash have recently secured a con- 
 trolling interest in the Iron Mountain Kailway, and its connection 
 with the system of railways of Texas, and the Southwestern States 
 and Territories will greatly increase its earnings, and will do much 
 toward populating and developing the resources of the great south- 
 west. This road is progressive in every respect. The finest pas- 
 senger cars on the continent are run on its lines, and every effort is 
 being made to advance the interests of its patrons. The length of 
 the line in St. Clair county is two miles and 816 feet. The Wa- 
 bash is one of the best roads in the west. 
 
 Indianapolis and St. Louis R. R — Its general offices are located 
 at Indianapolis, which point is its eastern and St. Louis its 
 western terminus. The length of the line of this road in St. Clair 
 county is two miles, 2,640 feet, and the entire length of the track 
 from either terminus is 261 miles. The road bed is of substantial 
 build, and well ballasted, tied and ironed : the only station in this 
 county on its line is East St. Louis. In January, 1851, the " Terre 
 Haute and Alton Railroad Company," now (I. and St. L.) was in- 
 corporated by special act of the Illinois legislature, with power to 
 build and operate a road between Terre Haute and Alton. Subse- 
 quently, in 1852, the " Belleville and Illinoistown Railroad Com- 
 pany" was authorized by act of the Illinois legislature to construct 
 a road from East St. Louis, or Illinoistown, to Belleville, also to ex- 
 tend the same in the direction of Alton. In February, 1854, a 
 special act was passed, authorizing the consolidation of the two 
 roads. The two companies did not avail themselves of this act until 
 October, 1856, at which time the whole line was put in operation 
 and opened to traffic. 
 
 Rock Island Division of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R. 
 — This road has no line in this county, but operates its cars and ex- 
 tensive traffic from Alton Junction to East St. Louis over the I. and 
 St. L. R. R ; it also has terminal facilities in St. Louis. It was 
 formerly the (Rockford; Rock Island and St. Louis R. R.) and was 
 built in the years '69 and '70. Trains commenced running between 
 Beardstown and East St. Louis about the middle of May, 1870. In 
 December, 1876, a lease was effected, and it passed under the 
 management of the C. B. and Q. R. R. Comany. 
 
 St Louis, Vandalia and Terre Haute R. R. — The length of line 
 of this road in St. Clair county is ten miles, 3,690 feet, and in July, 
 1868, trains were first run between East St. Louis and Highland, 
 and in July of the following year the road was completed from 
 
 East St. Louis to Effingham, ninety-eight miles, and a through 
 train service established between East St. Louis, and Chicago in 
 connection with the Illinois Central Railroad, and in July, 1870, 
 the last rails were laid between Effingham and the Indiana State 
 line. Immediately thereafter a through line of sleeping cars was es- 
 tablished between New York and St. Louis, and the " Vandalia 
 route " at once became the popular route from St. Louis to the 
 seaboard. 
 
 Belleville and 0' Fallon, a railroad of eight miles length, uniting 
 Belleville and Fallon, was built by General E. F. Winslow in 
 1870-71. The city of Belleville paid $50,000 in bonds to the road, 
 which liberal donation was supplemented by one from OFallon of 
 $15,000. The original design was to extend the road to Troy, Madi- 
 son county, where it would forma junction with the Vandalia Line. 
 After grading the road north-easterly from O'Fallon to the Madison 
 county line the project was abandoned, and only eight miles of track 
 were laid. It is controlled by the South-eastern railroad company. 
 All its traffic is accommodated by a single daily train, which makes 
 a trip from Belleville in the morning, returning the same day. 
 
 Chicago and Alton.*— T\ns is one of the most important roads of 
 the great system of railroads in the Mississippi Valley. The entire 
 length of line in St. Clair county, including side tracks, is only two 
 miles, 2,264 feet. 
 
 The air-line between St. Louis aod Chicago, the two most pro- 
 minent cities of the Great West, and the most pronounced commer- 
 cial rivals, occupies a prominent position among the Trans-Missis- 
 sippi railroads. This may be attributed partly to the persistent 
 manner in which the management has fostered and developed the 
 local business along the line of the road, and partly to the fact that 
 since its reorganization in 1862 the company has, until recently, 
 been the only one in the railroad system of St. Louis, east of the 
 Mississippi river, which paid dividends to its stockholders. Little 
 did they dream who obtained a charter, in or about 1847, for the 
 Altou and Sangamon Railroad, and who were indefatigable in se- 
 curing subscriptions along the proposed line, (72 miles in length), 
 for its construction and equipment, that they were laying the cor- 
 ner-stone of one of the most valuable railroad properties in the coun- 
 try, and that within the comparatively brief period of thirty years, 
 the line between Alton and SprlngSeld would be merely a small 
 link in an extended railroad system, under one comprehensive 
 management, of more than 840.34 miles. The road between Alton 
 and Springfield was comiiienoed in 1846, and completed in 1852, 
 with the proceeds of Iidiui fide local subscriptions to stock, under the 
 management of a local board of directors. After the completion of 
 the road to Springfield, additional legislation was obtained for ex- 
 tending the line to Bloomington. Mr. Henry Dwight conceived 
 the idea of extending the road to Joliet, and making a connection 
 at that point for Chicago and the East. In furtherance of this idea 
 he obtained a charter for a company called the " Chicago, and Mis- 
 sissippi Railroad Company," and having obtained a board of direc- 
 tors in his interest, issued bonds to the amount of $3,500,000 in 
 1856, with the proceeds of which the line was completed through to 
 Joliet. Subsequently a lease of the road from Alton to Joliet was 
 made. The road was sold at auction, and it was bid off by Gover- 
 nor Mattison and one or two associates in December, 1857, for the 
 paltry sum of $5,000. The road between Alton and Joliet, at the 
 time of this sale, represented a cost for construction and equipment 
 of $9,535,000, or about $46,640 per mile of road. The purchasers 
 at this auction sale organized themselves into a company, called the 
 
 * For data on C. and A. R. R. we are indebted to an article by Mr. Ed. 
 Vernon, in a work entitled, " Railway and River System of St. Louis," and 
 published by L. U. Eeavis. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 35 
 
 " St. Louis, Alton and Chicago Railroad Company," and perhaps 
 under ordinary circumstances might have made their venture a 
 success ; but the business and general interests of the whole coun- 
 try were so crippled by the panic of 1857, that failure seems to have 
 been accepted as a foregone conclusion, and after various struggles 
 for existence, the property passed in 1860 under the hands of a re- 
 ceiver, Mr. James Robb, formerly a banker of New Orleans, and a 
 gentleman of recognized executive and financial ability. Under Mr. 
 Robb's management an era of prosperity was inaugurated, and the 
 afiairs of the company were so successfully managed that in 1862 
 measures were taken for reorganizing the company, and in October 
 of that year the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company was formed, 
 with the former receiver, as president of the new company. The 
 attention of the management, after the reorganization, was directed 
 to securing an independent line under their own control between 
 Chicago and St. Louis, which were recognized as the future ter- 
 mini of the property. In furtherance of these views, a lease in 
 perpetuity was first secured of the Joliet and Chicago Railroad. 
 
 It was at this juncture that Mr. John J. Mitchell, a warm friend 
 and supporter of the Chicago and Alton interests, offered to build 
 an independent road from Alton to East St. Louis, provided that 
 the Chicago and Alton, on completion of the road, merge the 
 franchises of the Alton and St. Lpuis charter, obtained in 1850, 
 then owned and controlled by Mr. John J. Mitchell, with their own. 
 The proposition was accepted, and during the winter of 1864 trains 
 of the Chicago and Alton Railroad were running to East St. Louis, 
 and terminating on valuable depot grounds, obtained by Mr. Mit- 
 chell for the Chicago and Alton Railroad from the Wigging's Ferry 
 Company. From this date forward this railroad company assumed 
 an independent position in the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley, 
 as the chief transportation line between St. Louis and Chicago. 
 Four years later viz. : in 1868, the Chicago and Alton Railroad 
 Company secured control of the line from Bloomington to Godfrey, 
 a distance of 180 miles, built under the charter of the St. Louis, 
 Jacksonville and Chicago Railroad Company. The lease of this 
 valuable property covers a period of nine hundred and ninety 
 years, and the rental paid is 40 per cent, of gross earnings, with the 
 understanding that such 40 per cent, shall in no case amount to a 
 less sum annually than $240,000. 
 
 Subsequently in 1870-71, arrangements were made with the St. 
 Louis, Jacksonville and Chicago Railroad Company for building 
 a branch road from Roodhouse to Louisiana, on the Mississippi 
 river, a distance of 38 miles, under an agreement, whereby the Chi- 
 cago and Alton Railroad Company guaranteed the annual interest 
 on bonds issued on construction of such branch. At the same time 
 control was obtained of the charter and franchises of the Louisiana 
 and Missouri River Railroad Company, which has been incorpora- 
 ted by the legislature of the state of Missouri, to build a railroad 
 from Louisiana to Kansas City, an estimated distance of 216 miles, 
 together with a branch from Mexico to Cedar City, opposite Jeffer- 
 son City, five miles in length. It is believed that in consideration 
 of building this road in Missouri, the Chicago and Alton Railroad 
 Company were to receive $80,000 per mile, $15,000 mortgage bonds, 
 $10,000 preferred, and $5,000 ordinary stock of the Louisiana and 
 Missouri River Railroad Company, and in addition such county 
 and local aid, as has been donated in favor of the enterprise. The 
 fifty miles of road from Louisiana to Mexico were opened for trafiic 
 in the winter of 1871-72, the line from Mexico to Fulton, 24J miles, 
 March 6th, 1872, and the line from Fulton to Cedar City, 25J miles, 
 in July of the same year. At the time when the Chicago and Alton 
 Railroad Company assumed control of the road in Missouri, it was 
 intended to build an independent line from Louisiana to Kansas 
 
 City, but when the road had reached Mexico, and when considera- 
 ble grading had been done between that point and Glasgow, legal 
 questions were raised as to the legality of certain county and town- 
 ship aid which had been voted beyond the Missouri river at Glas- 
 gow, and the courts held that the charter only contemplated a line 
 between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and not crossing the 
 river at various points, hence the subventions beyond Glasgow were 
 illegal. The decision involved the suspension of the through line 
 project, and arrangements were made with the St. Louis, Kansas 
 City and Northern Railway Company for trafiic arrangements, over 
 its road from Mexico to Kansas City, and for running through pas- 
 senger and sleeping cars on the line between Chicago and Kansas 
 City, via Bloomington, Roodhouse, Louisiana and Mexico. It is 
 almost needless to say that the advantages for through business thus 
 obtained, have been abundantly utilized, to the pecuniary advan- 
 tage of both railroad companies interested in the through line ; also 
 that the Chicago and Alton Kansas City line has been one of the 
 most popular for passenger traffic between the east and west. The 
 rapid, and it might be truly said unparalleled development of Kan- 
 sas, Colorado and South-western Missouri, during the past six years, 
 convinced the managers of the Chicago and Alton Railroad of the 
 necessity for owning and controlling an independent line from 
 Mexico to Kansas City, and the views thus entertained assumed a 
 practical shape during 1878, by the formation of an independent 
 company, to build what is known as the Missouri Extension, from 
 Mexico to Kansas City, it being understood that the extension, 
 when built, should be leased in perpetuity by the Chicago and 
 Alton Railroad Company, and thus become an integral part of that 
 extended railroad system. The through line from Chicago to Kan- 
 sas City, via Mexico and Glasgow, will not exceed 485 miles in 
 length, and the distance will be about four miles shorter than that 
 via Galesburg and the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROAD. 
 
 Main Line — Chicago to Joliet, perpetual lease . . . 87.20 miles. 
 
 Joliet to East St. Louis, owned .... 243.50 " 
 
 Western Division — Dwight to Washington, owned . . 69.80 " 
 
 Branch to Lacon, owned .... 10.00 " 
 
 Chicago and Illinois River, leased 23.86 " 
 
 Coal Branch, owned, 3.98 " 
 
 Jacksonville Division — Bloomington to Godfrey, leased 1 50.60 " 
 
 Roodhouse to Louisiana, including bridge, owned . . 38.10 " 
 
 Louisiana and Missouri Railroad — perpetual lease . . " 
 
 Louisiana to Mexico 50.80 " 
 
 Mexico to Cedar City 50.00 '< 
 
 Missouri Extension — perpetual lease " 
 
 Mexico and Glasgow, Marshall to Kansas City . 162.50 " 
 
 Total length of road owned and leased 840.30 " 
 
 Number of counties in the state of Illinois traversed by Chicago 
 & Alton Railroad sixteen, 15.68 per cent, of the whole number of 
 counties in the state. 
 
 True value of real and personal estate in said sixteen counties, 
 44.42 per cent, of the total value of real and personal estate in the 
 state. 
 
 Number of acres of improved land in said sixteen counties, 23.25 
 per cent, of the whole improved property in the state. 
 
 Value of farms in said sixteen counties, 26.46 per cent, of the 
 total value of improved farms in the state. 
 
 Estimated value of farm productions in said sixteen counties, 
 23.09 percent, of the total estimated value of farm productions in 
 the state. 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. ILLINOIS 
 
 Value of live stock in said sixteen counties, 24 per cent, of thg 
 total value of live stock in the state. 
 
 Number of counties in the state of Missouri traversed by Chicago 
 & Alton Eailroad, eight, 7 per cent, of the whole number of coun- 
 ties in the state. 
 
 Population of said counties, about 16 per cent, of the total popu- 
 lation of the state. 
 
 Assessed value of real and personal estate in eight counties, 
 about 15 per cent, of the total assessed value of real and personal 
 estate in the state. 
 
 True value of real and personal estate in said eight counties, 9.81 
 per cent, of the total true value of real and personal estate in the 
 state. 
 
 Number of acres of improved land in said eight counties, 15 92 
 per cent, of the whole improved property in the state. 
 
 Value of farms in said eight counties, 14.88 per cent, of the total 
 value of improved farms in the state. 
 
 Estimated value of farm productions in said eight counties, 13.50 
 per cent, of the total estimated value of farm productions in the 
 state. 
 
 Value of live stock in said eight counties, 13.66 per cent, of the 
 total value of live stock in the state. 
 
 In brief the Chicago and Alton Eailroad Company has, by a 
 judicious system of permanent improvement, and by the introduc- 
 tion of all the inodern appliances which tend to the preservation 
 of life and property, placed itself in such a condition, materially 
 and physically, that its financial future cannot be aifected by the 
 contingencies which severally affect other roads. Its success as one 
 of the great highways of the west is an assured reality. It might 
 be appropriately noted here that while much of this road's past suc- 
 cess may be attributed to its admirable geographical location, em- 
 bracing a very rich section of the country for local traffic, and with 
 termini on Lake Michigan and the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, 
 equally as much is due to the stability and management during 
 the past decade and a half, and to the fact that the property has 
 never yet become the foot-ball of speculators. Nothing, perhaps, 
 has a greater tendency to demoralize the working force on any rail- 
 road, and, it might be said, impair its usefulness to the public, than 
 the spasmodic changes in the control and management, which 
 have characterized the history of most western railroads, and from 
 these vicissitudes the Chicago and Alton Railroad has been happily 
 exempt. The executive management and the entire directors have 
 been practically the same for the past fifteen years, and where to 
 recognized skill in operating there has been added the financiering 
 and engineering ability of the president, and the solid unanimous 
 support of wealthy stockholders, and directors distinguished for 
 business ability, it is not surprising that the Chicago and Alton 
 Eailroad has maintained a firm position as an investment in the 
 moneyed centers of the world, and has acquired a well-merited 
 popularity with the traveling and shipping public. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad. — This is one of the largest corporations 
 in Illinois, and through its connections with the Vandalia, and the 
 Cairo Short Line R. R., it properly becomes a part of the railroad 
 systere of St. Clair county and St. Louis. In September, 1850, 
 Congress passed an act, and it was approved by President Fillmore, 
 granting an aggregate cif 2,595,053 acres to aid in building this 
 road. The act granted the right of way, and gave alternate sec- 
 tions of land for six miles on either side of the road. The grant of 
 land was made directly to the State. On the 10th of February, 
 1851, the legislature of Illinois granted a charter to an eastern 
 company, represented by Eantoul and others, to build it with a 
 capital stock of $1,000,000. The legislature, in granting the char. 
 
 ter, and transferring to the corporation the lands, stipulated that 
 seven per eent. of the gross earnings of the road should be paid semi- 
 annually into the treasury of the state forever. This wise provision, 
 in lieu of the liberal land grant, yields a handsome annual revenue 
 to the state; also that in the event of war government transporta- 
 tion should be furnished at a certain reduction from the prices 
 regularly paid by the general government for such service. The 
 proceeds of land sales have been regularly applied to the redemp- 
 tion of constiuction bonds, and it is significant that while the 
 original issue of mortgage bonds amounted to $22,000,000, that 
 amount has been so reduced that in 1890 the whole issue will be 
 retired, and the stockholders will own a road more than 700 miles 
 in length, fully equipped, with no outstanding liability, other than 
 the share of capital. It may be noted here, that when the general 
 government donated lands to the states of Illinois, Mississippi, and 
 Alabama, it was intended that through the aid derived from these 
 lands a through artery of travel should be established between the 
 Lakes and the Gulf-ports. Had the war not supervened, the pro- 
 ject would then have been carried out in its entirety, and the North 
 and South movement of traffic would have been fully developed, 
 but the enforced delay in carrying out the original programme, was 
 utilized in building up the state of Illinois, and in perfecting the 
 track of this road. The resources of the company were taxed to 
 their utmost capacity during the war, in furnishing transportation 
 for the general government ; but the interests of communities along 
 the line were carefully watched, and a local business was built up, 
 which in volume and value far exceeded the most sanguine expec- 
 tation of the proprietary. Strict attention to local business has 
 always been a marked characteristic of Illinois Central Eailroad 
 management, hence their lands. have been eagerly sought after; 
 and they have the satisfaction of knowing that the value of the road 
 is not dependent entirely upon its identification with the through 
 business of the country, but on the contribution of local traffic, 
 which shows a permanent and certain increase. On the opening of 
 the Vandalia line, the Illinois Central made its first direct advance 
 toward securing a representation in the traffic between Chicago 
 and St. Louis. Two through trains were run daily, via Effingham. 
 In 1870, on completion of the Belleville and Illinois Southern Eail- 
 road to Du Quoin, the southern business of the Illinois Central Eail- 
 road, originating in St. Louis, was transferred from Odin and Ash- 
 ley, the former connections, to the Cairo Short Line. The following 
 statistics in reference to the physical condition and equipment of 
 the Illinois Central Eoailroad will not be devoid of interest : 
 
 Main line, Cairo to La Salle, opened for business 
 
 Jan. 8, 1855 308.99 miles 
 
 Galena Branch, La Salle to Dunleith, opened June 
 
 12, 1855 146.73 " 
 
 Chicago Branch, Chicago to Centralia Junction, 
 
 opened Sept. 26, 1856 249.78 " 
 
 Springfield division, Gilman to Springfield, opened 
 
 Sept., 1871 111,47 « 
 
 Total length of main Line and Branches . . . 816.97 " 
 
 Aggregate length computed as single track . . . . 833.68 miles. 
 Length of Sidings 132.68 " 
 
 Total length of track owned in Illinois. . . . 966. 36 " 
 Railroad iands.— Believing that there are many farmers of St. 
 Clair county who desire a profitable investment, we would there- 
 fore call the attention of all who are desirous of procuring more 
 land or larger farms, to the large quantity of good farming land 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 37 
 
 the Illinois Central Railroad Company still offer for sale, along 
 their line in Washington, Jefferson, Jackson, Perry, Franklin and 
 Williamson counties in this state. 
 
 Title. — The title to these lands offered for sale is as perfect as 
 human agency can make it. It was originally donated by Act of 
 Congress to the State of Illinois, and by an act of the State Legis- 
 lature transferred to this company and its Trustees. No incum- 
 brance of any kind whatever. To all who desire in good faith to 
 examine any of these lands, the railroad company issue half rate 
 tickets to and from the nearest points to the land, and if such 
 ticket-holder buys even a forty acre tract, they will allow what he 
 paid for such ticket as part payment on the purchase. These lands 
 are productive, the climate healthy, and prices very low — usually 
 from $4 to $8 per acre, on easy terms and a low rate of interest. 
 These lands can be purchased on the following terms : 
 
 One-quarter cash, with five per cent, interest for one year in ad- 
 vance on the residue ; the balance payable in one, two and three 
 years, with five per cent, interest in advance each year on the part 
 remaining unpaid. For example, for forty acres of land at $5.00 
 per acre, the payments would be a3 follows : 
 
 Cash Payment, $50.00 principal, and $7.50 interest. 
 
 In one year, 50.00 " " 5.00 
 
 In two years, 50.00 " '• 2.50 
 
 In three years, 50.00 " 
 
 $200.00 $15.00 
 
 Or, the same land may be bought for $180.00, all cash, as we deduct 
 ten per cent, when all cash is paid. Full information on all points 
 relating to any particular locality or tract, will be furnished on 
 application, either in person or by letter, to 
 
 P. Daggy, Land Commissioner, 
 Room 11, No. 78 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. 
 
 A Railroad was built by the Illinois Coal Company, operating 
 at CaseyvJUe, from that point to Brooklyn, a short distance north 
 of East St. Louis, which was completed in February, 1851. It was 
 supplied with T rails. In three years the company failed ; the 
 road and fixtures were sold to the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad 
 Company. The rails were taken up and used in the construction 
 of that road. The old road bed can still be traced. 
 
 St. Louis Bridge.^ — Spanning the Mississippi from East St. Louis, 
 111. to St. Louis, Mo., is the great railway and roadway, bridge. The 
 initial step toward commencing this celebrated structure was. An act 
 passed by the Missouri legislature in 1864, incorporating the " St. 
 Louis and Illinois Bridge Company." This act was approved 
 February 5, 1864. An amended act was passed and approved 
 February 20, 1865. About the same time the legislature of Illinois 
 passed an act authorizing the incorporators under the Missouri act, 
 under certain stipulations, to build a bridge to the Illinois shore 
 near the dyke. An act of Congress was also passed and approved 
 July 25, 1866, authorizing the construction of certain bridges, one 
 of which was to be built at St. Louis. Having thus secured the 
 necessary legislation, the projectors directed special attention to the 
 work itself. Preliminary steps were taken, soundings made, plans 
 proposed, and estimates considered. May 1st, 1867, the company 
 was organized ; and contracts for the masonry. were soon after let, 
 and the first stone was laid on the western abutment pier, Jan. 
 25th, 1868, and the pier had been built above the water-level by 
 the spring of 1868. Captain James B. Eads, chief engineer of the 
 work. 
 
 * For data on the St. Louis Bridge we are indebted to Dr. William Taussig, 
 General Manager. And to an article by L. U. Reavis, on Kailway and River 
 System of St. Louis. 
 
 The four piers of the bridge are as follows in their height above, 
 and depth below, low-water mark, respectively : 
 W". abut. Pier, 22 ft. bel. low-water mark, 130 ft. ab. low-water mark. 
 West " 78 " " " " 186 " " " " 
 
 East " 92 " " " " 200 " " " " 
 
 East abut. " 102 " " " " 210 " " . " 
 In the construction of the masonry, 12,000 cubic yards of gray 
 granite from Portland, Maine, were used. 12,000 cubic yards of 
 sandstone from the St. Genevieve quarries in Missouri are used in 
 the approaches, and two thousand cubic yards of granite from the 
 quarries at Pilot Knob, Mo., were used in the base course of the 
 approaches. 
 
 Superstructure. — The superstructure is made of chrome steel, and 
 every possible test was made long in advance of its use, so as to 
 prove that its tensile strength corresponded with the general re- 
 quirement of the whole structure. In placing the spans in position, 
 Mr. Flad, the chief assistant of Captain Eads, introduced a system 
 of hog-chains reaching over immense wooden structures on the top 
 of the piers. These were let down and made fast to the growing 
 spans, and as each part grew from the pier towards the centre in 
 open space, chains were applied from time to time to support the 
 great weight of the growing arch. By the method of working with 
 hog-chains, Mr. Flad was enabled to dispense with the old cumber- 
 some way of scaffolding below to support the span, as it was being 
 built out from the pier. The superstructure contains 2,200 tons of 
 steel, and 3,400 tons of iron. The tons of metal aggregate 5,600 
 tons. 
 
 The bridge proper consists of three spans or arches ; the centre 
 being 520 feet; and the others 502 feet each. The arches, or spans 
 and abutments, make 2,046 feet, including the approaches on each 
 side of the river ; the total length of the bridge is 6,220 feet, or more 
 than one mile. The bridge is connected with the yard of the Union 
 Depot, St. Louis, by means of a tunnel 4,866 feet in length, and 
 double tracked through the whole distance. 
 
 The cost of the bridge and tunnel, at the time of its being thrown 
 open to the public in June, 1874, had been between $12,000,000 
 and $13,000,000. It was amid great parade dedicated to the tra- 
 veling public, July 4th, 1874. It may be mentioned here, that on 
 the top of the arches a road is constructed for vehicles, animals and 
 street cars ; there are also suitable paths for pedestrians. Thus we 
 have given a brief sketch of probably the greatest bridge in the 
 world ; the building of which was one of the great engineering tri- 
 umphs of the age. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 EOLOGISTS have studied closely the strata be- 
 neath the earth's surface, and evolved thereby 
 knowledge that is rapidly taking its place 
 among the exact sciences. Upheavals of na- 
 ture have, here and there, arranged these strata 
 like the leaves of a book inclined at an angle 
 of forty-five degrees, to be read by close obser- 
 vers, who have thereon indulged much specu- 
 lation regarding the age of the earth, and 
 attempted to assign to natural causes, reaching through almost in- 
 
38 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 calculable stretches of time, their presence. These observations 
 have been rewarded by a general acceptance of a classification of 
 these strata, such as appears in text boolij of Geology of to-day. 
 Here, in St Clair county, researches have not reached beyond the 
 Carboniferous system, nor is it likely that records reaching back 
 further in point of time will ever be made, since even this system 
 has not been probed to its depths, most of the coal being taken out 
 of the upper seams. West of Belleville a lower stratum has been 
 penetrated, but being only about twenty inches iu thickness it was 
 abandoned. There are represented in Illinois, the Quaternary, 
 Tertiary, Carboniferous, Devonian and Silurian systems. Beneath 
 them may, and if generally accepted theories be true, must be for- 
 mations of those systems, antedating these. Nature's terrible throes 
 by earthquake, or volcanic action, have spared the empire state of 
 the valley, so that her prairies spread out in beautiful repose unin- 
 terrupted by unsightly masses of representatives of a long past age. 
 
 The economical value of the Quatenary, or uppermost stratum, 
 is greater than that of all other formations combined, thus evidenc- 
 ing the wisdom of the Creator in his preparation of the*earth for 
 the habitation of man. It comprises the drift and all the deposits 
 above it, of whatever quality the soil may be. In scientific terms it 
 includes the Alluvium, Bottom Prairie, Bluff, Drift of various 
 thicknesses, which crop out here and there upon the surface. 
 All those deposits which have been formed since the inauguration 
 of the present order of things might be appropriately classified 
 undeir the head Albumen, as it embraces soils, pebbles and sand, 
 clays, vegetable mold, all of which are found in St. Clair county. 
 Soils are a well known mixture of various comminuted and decom- 
 posed mineral substances, combined and mingled with decayed 
 vegetable and animal remains, and composing those ingredients so 
 well adapted to the nourishment of the vegetable kingdom. They 
 are formed by the action of water, in form of rain or dew, by at- 
 mospheric changes of heat and c<jld, by decay of vegetable and 
 animal matter. Those of this county are very deep and exceedingly 
 productive. The vegetable kingdom has contributed largely to 
 their formation. In the American Bottom, as it is termed, which 
 has an area in this county of about 53.760 acres, the soil is a sandy 
 loam, exceedingly fertile. Much of it has been, from time to 
 time, deposited by recession of waters of swollen rivers. It has 
 been borne on by the irresistible currents of the Missouri, from 
 the far off plains of Nebraska, known to early Geographers as the 
 Great American desert, and here deposited. Its depth varies 
 greatly from a merely perceptible stratum to 'a thickness often 
 or more feet. That consequent upon the flood of 1844 is very con- 
 spicuous. When the onrushing fury of the waters was checked by 
 a growth of fall weeds, young willows or sycamores, the de]ith from 
 that single flood was as great as ten feet. After such a flood, upon 
 subsidence of the waters, lagoons, sloughs and lakes are left. The 
 sand iu these waters, by virtue of its specific gravity first finds its 
 level, and above it clay intermixed with decomposed organic mat- 
 ter, forms a thin layer, and thus after each flood new strata of sand 
 and clay are left until the general level is attained by the new for- 
 mat'ons. When vegetable life finds subsistence, the annual growth 
 adds its complement of humus, and thus this marvellous soil is cre- 
 ated. In course of time, by a continuation of these processes, 
 these alluvial plains support a rank vegetable growth. 
 
 Adjacent to and overlooking this bottom land, are the bluffs, 
 filled in places with fossil shells, indicating there having been at 
 onetime the boundary lines of a great inland lake. Then again 
 are the prairies forming the greater part of the surface of the 
 county ; their formation is a subject that has provoked much scien- 
 tific discussion. Prof. A. H. Worthen, State Geolog'st of Illinois, 
 
 asserts that they, with their peculiar surface soil, owe their origin 
 to the same causes that are at present operating to form prairies, 
 though on a less extensive scale. The black, rich soil is doubtless, 
 he tays, due to the growth and decay of successive crops of vege- 
 tation, which in the geological ages of the past, under a far higher 
 temperature and more favorable atmospheric conditions than now 
 exist, grew to an extent unknown since the appearance of man 
 upon the earth. These prodigious crops of plants and grasses were 
 from year to year submerged, and becoming decomposed, contri- 
 buted their annual accumulations to the surface of the country. 
 By the continuation of this process for untold centuries, and by the 
 subsequent recession of the waters that once covered the entire Mis- 
 sissippi valley, a black, mucky soil was formed, and the whole re- 
 gion emerged as vast swamps or swales interspersed with hills and 
 valleys, mountains and table lands. These by gradual growth 
 become outlined in prairies. 
 
 There have been found boulders of like composition and origin 
 with those so common to a prairie country, and which are usually 
 accepted as evidences of a glacial period, which are affirmed to have 
 brought with them, borne before great masses of ice, snow and water, 
 these irregularly rounded masses of rock leaving them scattered 
 here and there over the plains. They are a conglomerate of quartz, 
 feldspar, mica and hornblende. In the eastern part of the county 
 was found granite rock about 5i feet in diameter, which was, as 
 early as 1828 utilized as a buhrstone, and which was pronounced 
 by millers to be equal to any French buhrstone for purposes of 
 grinding grain. 
 
 Having thus defined the surface indications briefly, the writer 
 compiles from the Geological Survey of Illinois by A. H. Worthen, 
 a record of facts respecting the other formations. At the base of 
 drift deposits are found beds of plastic clay, containing sometimes 
 small pebbles, at other localities there are stratified sands -below 
 the clay. At the Alma shaft, this deposit is seventy feet thick. 
 At the Summerfield shaft the drift clays are but thirty-five feet 
 thick, and in the vicinity of Athens it was found to be fifty feet 
 deep, and consisted of clay and sand, with rounded boulders at 
 the bottom. On the farm of Mr. Eugelmann, Mascoutah pre- 
 cinct, the following beds were patsed through in sinking a well : 
 
 Soil and yellow clay, 14 feet. 
 
 Reddish-brown gravel and sand layers, 28 " 
 
 Blue clay . . 83 '' 
 
 Making an aggregate of one hundred and twenty-five feet of drift. 
 
 North, at Mascoutah, it was found to be but eighty-two feet thick, 
 
 showing the following divisions : 
 
 Soil and clay, 20 feet. 
 
 Quicksand . 6 " 
 
 Blue, gray and reddiph clay • • 60 " 
 
 Coarse quick sand, with bits of wood, 6 " 
 
 At Freeburg it was found to be but forty-five feet, thus showing 
 a great diversity in different parts of the county. There is an im- 
 perfect stratification of these deposits, which consist chiefly of fine 
 sand, clay and gravel. 
 
 Coal Measures —Underlying fully three-fourths of the surface of 
 the county, embracing all the central and eastern portions, is coal 
 to be found. Thus far, five coal seams have been developed, only 
 two of which have proven to be of economic value. The thickest 
 coal seam is perhaps that at Freeburg, which is found to reach 
 a thickness of eleven feet. That out-cropping in the River bluff, and 
 along the western boundaries of the coal fields, in the south-western 
 part of the county, is of about equal thickness. The dip, though 
 very moderate, is in an easterly direction, hence the coal lies 
 deepest in those mines near the eastern boundary line of the 
 
HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 39 
 
 county. The following section of the measure containing coal, is 
 compiled from the shaft at Summerfield, commencing immediately 
 below the drift clays : 
 
 Bituminous shale (No. "3, coal?) 3 feet, in. 
 
 Fire clay " 6 " 
 
 Gray shale and sandstone 35 " '' 
 
 Hard limestone (fossiliferous), 5 " " 
 
 Sandstones and shales 90 " " 
 
 Coal, No. 2? ... , " 4 " 
 
 Conglomerate with ferruginous pebbles, .... 4 '' " 
 
 Fire clay, 1 " " 
 
 Clay shale (soapstone) 10 to 12 " " 
 
 Coal, '' 3 " 
 
 Fire clay, " 8 " 
 
 Gray »hale.i 20 " " 
 
 Limestone, 4 " 6 " 
 
 Gray and variegated shales, 35 " " 
 
 Limestone 8 " " 
 
 Black and gray shales, 25 " " 
 
 Coal No. 1. C? 4 " " 
 
 There seems to be a difference of opinion about the classification 
 of coal No. 1, C, because of the remarkable thickening of the 
 shales between it and the limestone that ordinarily forms the roof 
 of the coal ; and the comparative thinness of the coal itself, which 
 is harder and more impregnated with the sulphuret of iron, in 
 which respect it is like No. 1, B. Some would classify it as No. 
 1, B., considering coal No. 1, C. to be occupied by the black shale 
 immediately below the eight feet limestone. 
 
 In the vicinity of Belleville are found the following succession of 
 strata : 
 
 Compact bluish-gray limestone '. . 4 to 8 feet. 
 
 Sandy shales 10 '' 15 " 
 
 Limestone and calcareous shales 5 " 15 " 
 
 Bituminous shale (local) 1 " 
 
 Coal, Belleville seam (No. 1. C) 5 " 7 " 
 
 Clay shale (local) 1 '' 
 
 Nodular argillaceous limestonB 4 '■ 8 " 
 
 Shales 5 " 10 " 
 
 Brown argillaceous limestone 4 " 
 
 Bituminous shales 3 '' 5 " 
 
 Coal No 1. B 3 " 
 
 Clay shale, passing into sandy shale 20 '' 30 ■ '' 
 
 Bituminous shale 2 " 3 " 
 
 Coal No 1. A 1 '' 6 in. 
 
 Fire clay 2 " 3 " 
 
 Conglomerate 8and»tone (local) .5" 8 '' 
 
 These beds form a continuous outcrop, from their first appearance 
 in the river bluffs, about one mile and a half below Centreville 
 Station to the north line of the county. 
 
 The Belleville coal seam No. 1. C. is the principal one worked at 
 the present time, and it was the first ever worked in the state. Its 
 natural out-crop along the bluffs in such close proximity to St. Louis, 
 called attention to its value at an early day, and it was worked in 
 open trenches, and by tunnelling into the seam along the face of the 
 bluff long before its continuation under the highlands to the east- 
 ward was ever suspected. It has a limestone roof, as noted above, 
 rendering its working safe and economical. Now and then, pockets 
 of slate intervene between this limestone and the coal itself, as in 
 John Maule's mine, of sufficient thickness and strength to furnish a 
 roof independent of the limestone. This, however, is local and con- 
 fined to few localities. The upper two layers of coal are not to exceed 
 twenty-four inches in thickness, but of purer quality, commanding a 
 premium of two cents a bushel over the lower, which is charged with 
 sulphuret of iron. Beneath this coal is usually a nodular argilla- 
 ceous limestone, but sometimes it is sandwiched between regular 
 layers of limestone. The working of Coal No. 1. A, only about 
 
 eighteen inches in thickness, in connection with the fire-clay of about 
 twice the thickness immediately above it has been carried on with 
 small succtfs. The limestone above the coal is quite fos-siliferous, 
 the mines at Caseyville. Belleville and Pittsburg having fur- 
 nished some fine specimens. 
 
 The shale yet above this limestone likewise contains fossils, fish 
 teeth, etc. It, in turn, is overlaid with another limestone which is 
 quarried to supply the demand for building-stone. It is a brownish- 
 gray, rather argillaceous limestone, more regularly bedded than the 
 limestone immediately above the coal seam. 
 
 On Jack's run, about half a mile east of Freeburg, there is a fine 
 exposure of the strata above the Belleville quarry rock, showing the 
 following succession of layers from the top downward : 
 
 Shale and sandstone, the latter micacioui 35 feet. 
 
 (iray fhale 20 " 
 
 Blue clay shale with bands of iron ore . . . 15 " 
 
 Coal " 4in. 
 
 Clay shale 3 " 
 
 Sbaly gray limestone 1 '' 6 " 
 
 Argillaceous strata 3 " '' 
 
 Hard gray limestone (Belleville Quarry rock) . . 10 " 
 
 Descending from this limestone there is found : 
 
 Ferruginous shale 8 feet. 
 
 Band of hard arenaceous limestone 1 '' 
 
 Shales (irregular) 10 " 
 
 Hard gray limestone 3 " 
 
 Bituminous shale (local) 1 " 
 
 Coal— Belleville 7 to 11 " 
 
 By reference to the list of mines, subjoined, giving depth of shafts 
 will be found the different depths at which coal is worked. About 
 three miles south-east of Freeburg, surface coal of seven feet thickness 
 is presented. Beyond its exposure it is covered to the depth of two 
 feet with a layer of shale. South a few miles this seam is worked 
 by horizontal drifts on the hill-sides. 
 
 At the Alma shaft, the coal was fouad at a depth of one hundred 
 and seventy feet below the surface, overlaid with eleven feet of black 
 shale and limestone. Above this again are seventeen feet of shale and 
 sandstone, when a limestone representing the Belleville quarry rock 
 is met with. The dip of the coal has already been referred to as 
 being to the east of the bluffs. Comparisons of depth of coal, taken 
 in conjunction with ascent of the surface, leads to the conclusion 
 that the dip is not more than five to six feet to the mile. 
 
 Limestones thus far incidentally noted in connection with coal 
 measures are supplemented by others occupying a considerably 
 higher position and outcropping in but two or three places in the 
 county, north and north-east of Belleville, the nearest being two 
 miles north, then again at Rock Spring. This stone is illy adapted 
 to building purposes, since it splits into fragments when exposed to 
 the action of frost. 
 
 A coarse-grained, thin bedded gray or brown limestone, belong- 
 ing to the sub-carboniferous group, and containing fossils characte- 
 ristic thereof, outcrops south-west of Belleville near Centreville 
 Station. It probably represents the lower limestone division in 
 Randolph county in which there is six hundred feet, whilst in St. 
 Clair it does not exceed forty feet, in thickness. The lower sand- 
 stone of this group underlies this limestone. It is extensively quar- 
 ried. It is a light brown freestone, even textured and soft enough 
 to be sawed or cut into any desirable form. It hardens on exposure, 
 and makes an excellent building stone. 
 
 Beneath this sandstone, and worked in close proximity to it, is 
 what is classed as St. Louis limestone, a regularly bedded, close- 
 grained stone of a light color. The upper portion of it is a pure 
 carbonate of lime, well adapted to the manufacture of quicklime. 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF SI. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The dip of these strata is northward at an angle of 30°, iso that near 
 the Monroe county line are exposed the brown niagnesian and semi- 
 volitic limestones that constitute the lower division of this group. 
 Its outcroppings are confined to the south-western part of the 
 county. At the old lime-kilns, four miles from Centreville station, 
 it forms a mural cliff from sixty to seventy feet high, and continues 
 gradually increasing in elevation, until the " Falling Spring," where 
 it measures one hundred and fifteen feet in thickness, above the 
 level of the Mississippi bottoms. 
 
 A most interesting study connected with these various strata, es- 
 pecially of beds of calcareous shales and limestone, is that of the 
 fossils. Just as the print of ferns, leaves, and semi-transformed 
 bits of wood are held as suflBcient proof of the origin of coal away 
 back, when a tropical sun nursed plant life into an unparalleled 
 growth, to be hidden away by processes of nature, and prepared by 
 her silent chemists into coal measures, so too are these fossils ac- 
 cepted as evidences of a period when seas swept their full volume 
 of waters over the remains of marine animals, Crustacea, jnollusca, 
 crinoidea, corals, and bryozoa, with the teeth and spines of carti- 
 laginous fishes among them. From their great number, life among 
 the lower orders of created animal existence must have been quite 
 as phenomenal as was plant growth during the ages preceding. 
 
 Many fine specimens of a fossiliferous character have been gathered 
 in this county, and more than as many more ruthlessly tossed aside 
 as possessed of no value. 
 
 Economical Geology. — From this brief resume of the outcroppings 
 of the various strata observed in this county, it is manifest that it 
 is a region highly favored. Its great and inexhaustible beds of 
 coal are supplimented with quarries of both lime and sandstone, 
 useful in a great variety of arts. 
 
 Limestone. — In the river blufls contiguous to the Falling Spring, 
 is the St. Louis limestone, well adapted to the manufacture of lime. 
 These quarries are yet in the infancy of their development, although 
 first opened many years ago. They ought to be made of sufficient 
 capacity to furnish all southern Illinois with lime, and that, too, of 
 very superior quality. 
 
 Cement has, for a number of years, been obtained on T. Miller's 
 place on section T. E. W. The material is a bluish-gray earthy 
 limestone, and is quarried by drifting into the bed horizontally 
 along the line of outcrop. Its capacity also might very profitably 
 be increased. 
 
 Building Stone. — This county contains a great abundance of 
 building-stone, confined principally to Centreville precinct. From 
 William Lark's quarries on section T. 1 N. R 9 W., was ob- 
 tained the material for constructing Grace Church in St. Louis, 
 upon a contract amounting to fifty thousand dollars. The same 
 stone has been largely shipped since, and been employed in the 
 construction and ornamentation of many buildings. Some of the 
 coarser layers have been successfully employed in the manufac- 
 ture of grind-stones. In the same vicinity, overlying the above, 
 is a lime-stone suitable for flagging, for heavy abutments of bridges, 
 cellar walls, pillars, walls of buildings, where massiveness of pro- 
 portions are desired. The pillars of the court-house at Belleville 
 are of this material, and were taken from these quarries. The more 
 compact fine grained strata are susceptible of a high polish, and 
 could be used for cappings, ornamental designs, and anything where 
 strength and beauty are desired in combination in ornamentation 
 of buildings. 
 
 Fire and Potter's Clays. — The advent of tiling has given a fresh 
 impetus to the working up of clays suitable thereto. Such clays 
 abound in this county, and, as the demand increases, the supply will 
 likewise increase. Clays suitable for the manufacture of common 
 
 stone ware are being developed, and under skillful hands, are being 
 wrought into various patterns. They are found in conjunction with 
 coal, and are taken from the same shafts with comparatively little 
 extra trouble. 
 
 Goal.—li has been aptly said that " coal is to the world of indus- 
 try what the sun is to the natural world, the great source of light and 
 heat, with their innumerable benefits." It furnishes the power that 
 evolved the spirit of steam from the water, which, in turn propels 
 the machinery run in the world's material interests; it weds the 
 rough, uncouth ores of the mountains to the various arts devised by 
 man's genius ; it renders the cold, cheerless winter such aid as dis- 
 pels its gloom, and by its wondrous power is destined yet through 
 pipe lines like those underneath the streets of Belleville, to extend 
 its cheer through dirtless, permeating heat, like heart-throbs all 
 along the highways of our cities- 
 
 Bituminous coal is by far the most important mineral resource of 
 this county. It is calculated that the seams already partially de- 
 veloped and which are being profitably worked, will produce four 
 billion and fifty million tons of coal. 
 
 When it is remembered that below these seams it is quite probable 
 that other deposits will eventually be made manifest, the enormous 
 proportions of the coal industry will be partially apparent. These 
 vast deposits of coal fix the status of Belleville, and indeed of all 
 the county, as a natural centre of manufactories. Hard by, are 
 Missouri's mountains of iron ; her vast fields of lead and zinc ready 
 for the hand of the artisan ; whilst above these coal beds are lands 
 unsurpassed in the production of wheat demanding conversion into 
 flour through the kindly aid of this fossilized sunshine of by-gone 
 
 The discovery of coal was singular. As related by Reynolds in 
 his sketches published in Belleville in 1857, "A citizen of the Amer- 
 ican Bottom discovered smoke issuing from the ground, for weeks 
 together, which attracted his attention. He saw the coal in the 
 Bluff on fire, and supposed it had caught from the dry roots of a 
 tree, that the prairie had set on fire. The fire had communicated 
 to the coal from the burning wood. Soon after this, in 182 1, the 
 coal trade commenced. 
 
 Analysis of the Belleville coal by Henry Pratten, former assist- 
 tant geologist and chemist to the survey, reveals the following : 
 
 Caseyville Mines. 
 
 Specific gravity 
 
 Loss in coking 39.8 
 
 Tolal weiglit of coke . . . 60.2 
 
 1.304. 
 100.00 
 
 Analysis. 
 
 Moistnre 6 
 
 Volatile matters 33.8 
 
 Carbon in coke 55.2 
 
 Asti (pale red) 5.0 
 
 Carbon in coal 55.3 
 
 Ppeifper's Mine. 
 
 Specific gravity 
 
 Loss in coking 44.3 
 
 Total weight of coke . . . 55.7 
 
 • 100.00 
 
 1.293 
 100.00 
 
 Analygis. 
 
 Moisture 8.5 
 
 Volatile matters .... 35.8 
 
 Carbon in coke 51.8 
 
 Ash (pale red 4.5 
 
 1 
 
 Carbon in coal 57.5 
 
 -100.00 
 
 Belleville Mines.— Various 
 Openings. 
 
 Specific gravity 
 
 Loss in coking 45.0 
 
 Total weight of coke . . .55. 
 
 Analym. 
 
 Moisture 5.5 
 
 Volatile matters 39,5 
 
 Carbon in coke 49.6 
 
 Ash (gray) 5.4 
 
 Carbon in coal 54.6 
 
 1.293 
 
 100.00 
 
 The variation in other analyses made, shows from 38.7 to 46 per 
 cent, less in coking ; from 51 to 68 per cent, carbon in coal, and from 
 44 to 56 per cent, carbon in coke. From this it will be seen that 
 the coal here compares favorably with that of surrounding coun- 
 ties. 
 
 To summarize: St. Clair county presents a great variety of build- 
 ing and other stone, clays, coal, and, though undeveloped, seams of 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLUB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 41 
 
 iron ore. Her manufacturing industries are increasing in impor- 
 tance and in the production of wealth. The hum of machinery 
 makes sweet music ; ores from furnace throats send forth their ban- 
 ners of flame to declare that labor is king ; thunderingrailway trains 
 on a dozen roads within her limits, take up the cry, as, enveloped in 
 clouds of smoke and steam they cross her prairies, adding to her 
 wealth with every transit. Her resources are great, and the energy 
 of her citizens in their development keeps pace with the progress of 
 the age. 
 
 The annual report of the Mine Inspector, James Ward, is ap- 
 pended as follows : 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 O 
 
 •3 
 
 o 
 
 ■a _ 
 
 S o 
 
 i- 
 
 CI 
 
 
 o 
 
 Name of Operator. 
 
 Name of Mine 
 
 Location 
 
 CJ 
 
 S 
 
 IS 
 
 ^1 
 
 c*-l 
 
 a 
 ■g 
 
 ft Vc 
 
 OJ O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 ■s - 
 
 p. • 
 
 ■A " 
 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 !>.S: 
 
 Ji 
 
 
 0) J 
 
 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 Z 
 
 mo 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 O E 
 
 H C4 
 
 Abby Coal Co. 
 
 Abby No. 1. 
 
 Van. 
 
 93 
 
 20 
 
 Leaset 
 
 Shaft 
 
 Engine 
 
 109 
 
 2 
 
 <i 
 
 2. 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 40 
 
 " 
 
 (1 
 
 '* 
 
 115 6 
 
 2 
 
 B;irtlett Coal Co. 
 
 Bartlett. 
 
 i( 
 
 162 
 
 45 
 
 Own'n 
 
 ! " 
 
 tt 
 
 100 6 
 
 2 
 
 Garlside Coal Co. 
 
 Alma No. 1. 
 
 O.&M 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 (( 
 
 (< 
 
 tl 
 
 200 7 
 
 2 
 
 <i 
 
 2. 
 
 ii 
 
 -80 
 
 40 
 
 li 
 
 (r 
 
 ti 
 
 200 7 
 
 J 2 
 
 tc 
 
 Cross Boad. 
 
 II 
 
 160 
 
 6 
 
 ft 
 
 il 
 
 It 
 
 210 7 
 
 h 2 
 
 Herring & Co. 
 
 Bennetts. 
 
 It 
 
 140 
 
 20 
 
 Leasee 
 
 " 
 
 tt 
 
 140 5 
 
 k 2 
 
 Morris & Co. 
 
 Nichols. 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 ti 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 
 150 5 
 
 1 
 
 G. F. Savitz. 
 
 Van Curtis. 
 
 tt 
 
 60 
 
 25 
 
 « 
 
 a 
 
 it 
 
 160 6 
 
 2 
 
 « 
 
 St. Clair. 
 
 U 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 ti 
 
 a 
 
 tt 
 
 80 6 
 
 J 2 
 
 ■( 
 
 Union. 
 
 tt 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 It 
 
 If 
 
 it 
 
 90 6 
 
 h 2 
 
 G. F. Schmidt. 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 N.&C. 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 80 6 
 
 i 2 
 
 Grantz & Co. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 il 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 tt 
 
 ti 
 
 ti 
 
 90 6 
 
 2 
 
 C. Beinicke. 
 
 Beinicke. 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Owner 
 
 a 
 
 tf 
 
 130 7 
 
 2 
 
 << 
 
 it 
 
 • ( 
 
 90 
 
 8 
 
 Leased 
 
 ft 
 
 il 
 
 130 6 
 
 } 2 
 
 Philip Dish. 
 
 r. &s. 
 
 a 
 
 240 
 
 8 
 
 it 
 
 tt 
 
 a 
 
 100 6 
 
 1 
 
 Adam Ogden. 
 
 Enterprise. 
 
 tt 
 
 120 
 
 10 
 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 tt 
 
 120 6 
 
 2 
 
 Ed Avery & Co. 
 
 Birkner. 
 
 tt 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 ti 
 
 ii 
 
 it 
 
 130 7 
 
 2' 
 
 (( 
 
 Emmet. 
 
 tt 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 tt 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 
 130 6 
 
 \ 2 
 
 tt 
 
 Dutch Hollow 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 It 
 
 tt 
 
 il 
 
 130 6 
 
 ', 2 
 
 E. W. Harris. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 *• 
 
 60 
 
 15 
 
 u 
 
 IC 
 
 a 
 
 120 6 
 
 2 
 
 ti 
 
 Victor. 
 
 tt 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 it 
 
 ii 
 
 tl 
 
 115 6 
 
 2 
 
 Koelb Bros. 
 
 Vulcan. 
 
 it 
 
 120 
 
 35 
 
 Own'rs 
 
 tt 
 
 ft 
 
 120 6 
 
 \ 2 
 
 D. Kneohte. 
 
 Knechte's. 
 
 it 
 
 106 
 
 30 
 
 il 
 
 it 
 
 tt 
 
 140 7 
 
 2 
 
 Pollack Coal Co. 
 
 Pollack. 
 
 it 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 ti 
 
 tt 
 
 11 
 
 115 6 
 
 i 2 
 
 D. Eeutchler. 
 
 Reutehler's. 
 
 ft 
 
 600 
 
 10 
 
 tt 
 
 ti 
 
 ft 
 
 110 7 
 
 2 
 
 North Western Co. 
 
 NorthWest'rn 
 
 rii&stL 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 Leased 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 100 6 
 
 \ 2 
 
 Green Mound Co. 
 
 Green Mound 
 
 (( 
 
 60 
 
 15 
 
 (f 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 
 100 6 
 
 2 
 
 Maul & Ganot. 
 
 Maul's. 
 
 it 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 tt 
 
 Engine 
 
 tf 
 
 80 6 
 
 2 
 
 Jas. Beatty. 
 
 Beatty. 
 
 it 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 ft 
 
 Gin 
 
 Gin 
 
 80 
 
 2 
 
 It 
 
 " No. 2. 
 
 It 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 tt 
 
 (t 
 
 ti 
 
 80 6 
 
 2 
 
 Western Coal Co. 
 
 Western. 
 
 ft 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 ti 
 
 Engine 
 
 Engine 
 
 85:6 
 
 ! 2 
 
 Henry Taylor. 
 
 GreatWestern 
 
 tt 
 
 60 
 
 15 
 
 a 
 
 Gin 
 
 Gin 
 
 90iG 
 
 ', 2 
 
 " , [Co. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 " 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 
 tt 
 
 *l 
 
 if 
 
 80 6 
 
 '> 2 
 
 Hazard Wilson & 
 
 Rose Hill. 
 
 (( 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 it 
 
 Engine 
 
 Engine 
 
 90 7 
 
 2 
 
 Yocfa Bros. 
 
 Yoch's. 
 
 tt 
 
 145 
 
 20 
 
 it 
 
 44 
 
 
 150 6 
 
 2 
 
 Sohurraann Bros. 
 
 Schurmann. 
 
 it 
 
 150 
 
 25 
 
 tt 
 
 tl 
 
 a 
 
 150 6 
 
 \ 2 
 
 John Beard. 
 
 Union. 
 
 il 
 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 a 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 
 lIOo 
 
 \ 2 
 
 n 
 
 Briar Hill. 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 t' 
 
 Ii 
 
 If 
 
 130 5 
 
 2 
 
 Gartside Coal Co. 
 
 New Pit. 
 
 tt 
 
 90 
 
 2 
 
 It 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 180 7 
 
 1 
 
 Yoeh Bros. 
 
 Johnston. 
 
 tt 
 
 100 
 
 15 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 if 
 
 110 oJ 
 
 \ 2 
 
 GreenfleldCoalCo. 
 
 jreenfield. 
 
 "[L 
 
 60 
 
 8 
 
 ti 
 
 ti 
 
 it 
 
 140 6i 
 
 i 2 
 
 A. Brandenberger 
 
 Braudenb'rg'r 
 
 Carlo S. 
 
 140 
 
 80 
 
 it 
 
 ft 
 
 Ii 
 
 120 7 
 
 2 
 
 Haz. Wilson & Co. 
 
 Sevf Pit. 
 
 U 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 ti 
 
 ft 
 
 It 
 
 140 7 
 
 2 
 
 Freeburg Coal Co. 
 
 ?'reeburg. • 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 it 
 
 ti 
 
 tt 
 
 120 7 
 
 2 
 
 Bout & Simpson. 
 
 3oal Shaft. 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 tt 
 
 il 
 
 ti 
 
 120 6! 
 
 2 
 
 Donk & Tijon. 
 
 White Oak. 
 
 tt 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 il 
 
 140 7" 
 
 2 
 
 Kennedy Coal Co. S 
 
 Summit. 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 60 
 
 tt 
 
 it 
 
 ti 
 
 10016.^ 
 
 2 
 
 Wm. Skellet. i 
 
 Skellett. 
 
 ti 
 
 160 
 
 120 
 
 tt 
 
 ii 
 
 ti 
 
 150 6;5 
 
 2 
 
 Donk Bros. 
 
 *Jew Drift. 
 
 ct 
 
 90 
 
 20 
 
 tt 
 
 Drift 
 
 ^ules 
 
 40 7 
 
 2 
 
 Dancer & Kethner 
 
 kVildeman. 
 
 ft 
 
 130 
 
 10 
 
 It 
 
 Shaft 
 
 Engine 
 
 80 7 
 
 2 
 
 Heinrich Bros. i 
 
 ieinrich's 
 
 It 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 il 
 
 ti 
 
 (4 
 
 95 6 
 
 2 
 
 Donk & Baker. ] 
 
 Judley. 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 tt 
 
 il 
 
 it 
 
 100 6 
 
 2 
 
 Gartside Coal Co. 1 
 
 ^0.3. 
 
 ti 
 
 90 
 
 45 
 
 tf 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 160 7 
 
 2 
 
 Gehricks & Eich- A 
 
 Vests. I 
 
 ifascou- 
 ahRoad ' 
 lellville. 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 ,t 
 
 " 
 
 3in 
 
 60 6J 
 
 2 
 
 J. Brosius. [ards. 1 
 
 Jrosius. 1 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 it 
 
 *' 
 
 Engine 
 
 63 6| 
 
 1 
 
 Bennett Coal Co. I 
 
 iennett. S 
 
 lascou- 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 ti 
 
 *' 
 
 160 7 
 
 1 
 
 Hartmana & Co. { 
 John Kloes. i 
 
 lartmann, j 
 [loes. 
 
 ah 
 
 lellville , 
 1 
 
 80 15 
 20 50 ( 
 
 tt 
 
 Dwner 
 
 
 3in 
 
 Engine 
 
 80 6J 
 120 7 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Sept. 1, 1880 
 
 . Jai 
 
 <IES W 
 
 AED, M. I. 
 
 In presenting the above report I would s 
 
 tate tt 
 
 ere ha 
 
 ve been three 
 
 accidents. 1st. 
 6 
 
 George Fe 
 
 rries, ii 
 
 1 G 
 
 art 
 
 side ]V 
 
 [ine, b 
 
 a.ck ai 
 
 id le 
 
 R 1 
 
 bruised by fall of coal, cause accidental. 2d. Edward Morgan, in 
 Abby Mine, killed by fall of coal ; cause, accidental. 3d. Thos. 
 Trondnaan, in Kneeht Mine, foot crushed (afterwards amputated), 
 cause, fall of coal, accidental. 
 
 All mines are being regulated as fast as possible, and complying 
 with the law, I have made it my duty to visit every mine, look 
 after any disarrangements, etc. Regarding statistics of coal mined 
 annually, found it impossible. Would recommend that the Inspec- 
 tor's whole time be put iu on the woik exacted of him, to assure the 
 life and safety of men employed. 
 
 SHIPMENTS. 
 
 From the best sources available we learn that shipments of coal 
 from the mines along the route of the Illinois and St. Louis Rail- 
 road, for the year ending January 1st, 1881, were 5,142,190 bush. ; 
 from mines operated in this county along the line of the 0. & M. 
 Railroad, same period, 2,836,450 ; same for Cairo Short Line, 
 5,679,010; same LouisvUle and Nashville Railroad, 3,982,310; 
 aggregating 17,639,960 bushels. In addition to these shipments 
 there are annually consumed within the county by estimate 6,000,- 
 000. Thus indicating an annual production of near twenty-four 
 million bushels of coal. Based upon the acreage worked out, there 
 have been taken from the mines of this county 446,581,914 bushels 
 of coal. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 FLORA. 
 
 ,N this article it is our purpose only to give a list of 
 the native trees and grasses found within the limits 
 of the county. The intelligent farmer looks at 
 once to the native vegetation as a sure indication 
 of the value of new lands ; the kind of timber 
 growing in a given locality will decide the quali- 
 ties of the soil for agricultural purposes. The 
 state of Illinois by the Botanist is usually consid- 
 ered under three divisions : the heavily timbered 
 regions of the south, the flora of which is remarkable for its variety ; 
 the central portion, consisting mainly of prairie, yet not without 
 groves, which are usually adjacent to water courses ; and the north- 
 ern section. The county of St. Clair represents the characteristics 
 of both a timber and a prairie country. Few spectacles are so in- 
 spiringly beautiful as a grand prairie at certain seasons of the year, 
 and yet the luxuriant vegetation, which at first view seems so 
 various, comprisss but few species of plants. Upon the flora of this 
 county civilization has produced its inevitable eflfects. As the Indian 
 and the bufialo have disappeared before the white man, so have 
 some of the native grasses been vanquished by the white clover and 
 blue grass. 
 
 GRASSES. 
 
 In speaking of these we purposely exclude the grain plants, those 
 grasses which furnish food for man, and confine ourselves to those 
 valuable grasses which are adapted to the sustenance of the inferior 
 animals. 
 
 AgrastuB vulgaris, Timothy Grass, or 
 Cat's tail, naturalized. 
 
 Muhlenbergia diffusia, Bed Top, or 
 Herds grass. 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Grasses 
 
 Calamagrastis Canadensis, Kimble 
 Will. 
 
 Blue joint, (his is a native and grew 
 upon prairies to the height of a 
 man's head on horseback. 
 
 Dactylis glomerata. Orchard gras-i. 
 
 Poa Prelensis, Kentucky Blue grass. 
 
 Poa Compressa, True Blue grass. 
 
 Festiica Elatior, Meadow Fescue. 
 
 Bromus Leculinus, Cheat Chess, for- 
 eign. 
 
 Phragmiles Communis, the E'^ed. 
 
 Arundinaria Macrosperma, or Cane. 
 
 Solium Perenne, Perennial Eay 
 Grass. 
 
 Below we add a list of 
 
 ( Continued). 
 
 Anthoxanthum Odoralum, Sweet 
 
 Scented Vernal Grass. 
 Phalaris Arundinacea, Eeed Canary 
 
 Grass. 
 P. Canadensis, Canary Grass. 
 Paspalum Setaceiim. 
 Panicura Sanguinale, Crah-gra»B. 
 Panicum Glabrum, Smooth Panicum. 
 Panicum Capillare, Witch Grass 
 Panicum Crus-galli, Barn-yard Grass. 
 Seiaria Glauca, Foxtail. 
 Setaria Viridus, Buttle Grass. 
 Setaria Ilalica, Millet. 
 Andropogon Scoparius, Broom- Beard 
 
 Grass. 
 
 NATIVE WOODY PLANTS. 
 
 Acer Saccharinum, Rock Sugar 
 Maple. 
 
 A. Nigrum, Black Maple. 
 
 A. Dasycarpum, Soft Maple, Silver 
 Leaf Maple. 
 
 A. Negundo, Box Elder, Ash Leaf 
 Maple. 
 
 Jilsculus Glabra, Stinking Buckeye. 
 
 A. Sernla'a, Smooth Leaf Alder. 
 
 Araelanchier Canadensis, True Ser- 
 vice Berry. 
 
 A morpha Fruticosa, False Indigo 
 Shrub. 
 
 A. Canescens, Lead Plant. 
 Anipelopsis Quinquefolia, Virginia 
 
 Creeper. 
 Asimina Triloba, Paw Paw. 
 
 B. Nigra, Eiver or Eed Birch. 
 Carpinus Americana, Blue Beech, 
 
 Hornbeam. , 
 
 Ceanothus Americana, Eed Eoot. 
 
 C. Ovalis, Great Eed Eoot. 
 
 Cercis Canadensis, Judas Tree, Eed 
 
 Bud. 
 Celastrns Scandens, False Bitter Sweeti 
 
 Wax Work. 
 Cehie Occidentalis, Hackberry. 
 Cephalanthus Occidentalis, Button 
 
 Bush. 
 C. Virginica, Choke Cherry. 
 C. Serotina, Black Cherry, Cabinet 
 
 C;herry. 
 C. Alternifolla, False Dogwood. 
 C. Sericea, Kinnickinick. 
 C. Circinata, Pigeon Berry. 
 C. Stolonifera, Eed Osier. 
 C. Paniculata. 
 C. Sanguinea. 
 
 Corylus Americana, Hazelnut. 
 C. Coccinea, Hawthorn. 
 C. Tomentosa, " 
 C. Cms galli, " 
 
 C. Alba, Shagbark Hickory. 
 C. Sulcata, Thick Shellbark Hickory. 
 C. Tomentosa, White Heart Hickory. 
 C. Glabra, Pig-nut Hickory. 
 Dirca Palustris, Leatherwood. 
 Euonymus Atropurpureus, Wahoo, 
 
 Strawberry Tree. 
 
 E. Americana, Wahoo. 
 Fraiinus Americana, White Ash. 
 
 F. Viridis, Green Ash. 
 
 F. Sambucifolia, Black Ash. 
 
 F. Quadrangulata, Blue Ash. 
 
 Gleditschia Triacanthos, Three- 
 Thorned Acacia, Honey Locust. 
 
 Gymnocladus Canadensis, Kentucky 
 Coffee Nut. 
 
 Hamamelis Virginica, Witch Hazel. 
 
 Juglans Cinerea, Butternut. 
 
 J. Nigra, Walnut. 
 
 Juniperus Virginiana, Eed Cedar. 
 
 Lonicera Grata, Woodbine. 
 
 Menispermum Canadense, Moonseed. 
 
 Morus Eubra, Mulberry. 
 
 Ostrya Virginica, Hop-Hornbeam, 
 Iron- wood. 
 
 Platanus Occidentalis, Buttonwood, 
 Sycamore. 
 
 Popnlus Tremuloides, Quaking Asp, 
 Aspen. 
 
 P. Monilifera, Necklace Poplar, Cot- 
 tonwood. 
 
 P. Angulata, Cotton Tree. 
 
 Prunfis Americana, Wild Plum. 
 
 Pyrus Coronaria, Crab Apple. 
 
 Quercus Macrocarpa, Burr Oak. 
 
 Q. Obtusiloba, Post Oak. 
 
 Q. Alba, White Oak. 
 
 Q. Pirnus, Swamp White Oak. 
 
 Q. Discolor, Swamp Chestnut Oak. 
 
 Q. Imbricaria, Laurel Leaf Oak. 
 
 Q. Nigra, Black Jack Oak. 
 
 Q. TInctoria, Yellow Bark 
 Quercitron Oak. 
 
 Q. Coccinea, Scarlet Oak. 
 
 Q. Eabra, Eed Oak. 
 
 Q. Palustris, Swamp Spanish 
 Pin Oak. 
 
 E. "Glabra, Sumach. 
 
 E. Eadicans, Climbing Poison Ivy. 
 
 E. Toxicodendron, Poison Ivy. 
 
 Eibes Cynosbati, Prickly Gooseberry. 
 
 E. Hirtellum,. Smooth Gooseberry. 
 
 E. Eotundifollum, Smooth Goose- 
 berry. 
 
 E. Lacustre, Swamp Gooseberry. 
 
 E. Floridum, Black Currant. 
 
 Eosa Lucida, Prairie Eose. 
 
 E, Blanda, Wood Eose. 
 
 S. Tristis, Eose Willow. 
 
 S. Humilus, Cone Willow. 
 
 S. Eriocephala, Silky-head Willow. 
 
 S. Nigra, Black Willow. 
 
 Oak, 
 
 Oak, 
 
 U. Americana, White Elm. 
 
 U. Eacemopus, Cork Elm, Hickory 
 
 Elm. 
 Viburnum Prunifolium, Black Haw, 
 
 Arrow Wood. 
 V. Lentago, Black Haw. 
 Vitis Aestivalis, Summer Grape. 
 V. Conlifolia, Frost Grape. 
 Zanthoxylum Americanum, Prickly 
 
 Ash. 
 Lindira Benzoin, Spice Bush. 
 Eubus Stragosus, Eed Easpberry. 
 " Occidentalis, Black Easpberry. 
 " Villosus, Blackberry. 
 Eobenia Pseudocacia, Black Locust. 
 
 Native Woody Plants [Coniinued). 
 
 S. Fragilis, Joint Willow, Brittle Ulmus Fulva, Eed Elm. 
 Willow. 
 
 Sambucus Canadensis, Elderberry. 
 
 S. Pubens, Eed Fruit Elderberry. 
 
 Sassafras Officinale, Sassafras. 
 
 Shepherdia Canadensis, Buffalo Berry. 
 
 Smilax Hispida, Greenbrier. 
 
 Spirase Opulifolia, Vinebark Spiraea. 
 
 Spirase Salicifolia, Ilardhack, Willow 
 Spiriea. 
 
 Staphylea Trifolia, Eattle-box, Wood- 
 Bladder Nut. 
 
 Symphoricarpus Vulgarus, Coral 
 Berry. 
 
 Teooma Eadicans, Trumpet Creeper. 
 
 Tilia Americana, Basswood. 
 
 Our article will particularly treat of the more valuable woods, 
 utilized in the mechanic arts, and the grasses, plants, vegetables, 
 and flowers most beneficial to man, and particularly those which are 
 natives of this county. The plants are many and rare, some for 
 beauty, and some for medicine. The pink-root, the columbo, the 
 ginseng, the boneset, pennyroyal, and others are used for medicine. 
 Plants of beauty are phlox, the lily, the asclepias, mints, golden rod, 
 the eye-bright gerardia, and hundreds more, which adorn the mea- 
 dows and brook-sides; besides the climbing vines, the trumpet 
 creeper, the bitter sweet, the woodbine, the clematis, and the grape, 
 which fill the woods with gay festoons, and add grace to many a 
 decaying monarch of the forest, here are found the oak with at least 
 its twenty varieties ; the hickory, with as many more species ; the 
 thirty kinds of elm, from the sort which bear leaves as large as a 
 man's hand, to the kind which bear a haf scarcely larger than a 
 man's thumb-nail ; the black walnut, so tall, and straight and beau- 
 tiful, is nearly gone ; the hackberry ; gum tree, black and sweet ; 
 the tulip ; the giant cotton-woods, and hundreds more attest the fer- 
 tility of the soil and mildness of the. climate. The White oak is 
 much used in making furniture and agricultural implements, as are 
 also the Panel oak, Burr oak and Pin oak. The Blue Ash is excel- 
 lent for flooring. The Honey Locust is a very durable wood, and 
 shrinks less than any other in seasoning. 
 
 In the above list we have given tiie scientific as well as the Eng- 
 lish names, believing such a course to pursue in the study of plants 
 more beneficial to the student or general reader. There may be some 
 plants omitted, yet we think the list quite complete. 
 
 s-e*^— 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 FAUNA. 
 
 PPENDED will be found the names of the wild ani- 
 mals which inhabited this country during the early 
 settlement of the State. The bufl^alo, deer, bear, 
 wild cat, panther and wolf were among the more im- 
 portant animals, and furnished much sport for the 
 early pioneers. The feathered tribe was numerously 
 represented in the myriads of geese, ducks, prairie- 
 fowl, wild turkey and quail. The student, in exami- 
 ning carefully our list, will notice that many animals mentioned 
 may still be found within the boundaries of St. Glair county. The 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 43 
 
 natural history of thfe country is quite interesting, and it is profit- 
 able to make a study of the animals which inhabited it prior to 
 the advent of man ; their habits, and the means of their subsist- 
 ence are worthy of investigation. Some were animals of prey; 
 others harmless, and subsisted upon vegetable matter. The 
 early animals of this portion of the State ranged over a wide field; 
 and those which inhabited the prairie and timbered regions differ 
 but very materially as to species. 
 
 Ruminating animals. — The American Elk (Cervus Canadensis), 
 together with deer of two kinds, the more common, the well- 
 known American deer (Cervus Virgin ianus), and the White-tailed 
 Deer (Ce'rvui Leucurus). And at a period not very remote, the 
 American Buffalo (Bos Americanus) must have found pastures 
 near the alluvial and shaded banks of the Sangamon and plains 
 and prairies of this portion of the State. The heads, horns and 
 bones of the slain animals were still numerous in 1820. The 
 Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) were quite numerous even in the 
 memory of the older settlers. Bears have been seen in the county 
 within the last thirty years. The Gray Wolf (Canis Occidenta- 
 lis) and Prairie Wolf (Canis latrans) are not unfrequently found, 
 as is also the Gray Fox (Vulpes Virginianus) which still exists 
 by its superior cunning. The panther (Felis concolor) was occa- 
 sionally met with in the earlier times, and still later and more 
 common, the Wild Cat (Lynx rufus). The Weasel, one or more 
 species ; the Mink (Putorius Vison) ; American Otter (Lutra Ca- 
 nadensis) ; the Skunk (Mephitis Mephitica) ; the Badger (Taxi- 
 dea Americana) ; the Kaccoon (Procyon Lotor) ; The Opossum 
 (Didelphys Virginiana). The two latter species of animals are 
 met with in every portion of the United States and the greater 
 part of North America. The coon skin among the early settlers 
 was regarded as a legal tender. The Bear and Otter are now 
 extinct in the county, and were valuable for their furs. Of the 
 squirrel family we have the Fox, Gray, Flying, Ground and Prairie 
 Squirrel' (Scirus Ludovicanus, Carolinensis, Volucella, Striatus and 
 Spermaphilus). The Woodchuck (Arctomys Monax) ; the com- 
 mon Musk Eat (Fiber Zibethicus). The Bats, Shrews and Moles 
 are common. Of the Muridse we have the introduced species of 
 Rats and Mice, as also the native Meadow Mouse, and the Long- 
 tailed Jumping Mouse (Meriones Labradorus), frequently met with 
 iu the clearings. Of the Hares, (Lupus Sylvaticus) the so called 
 Rabbit, is very plentiful. Several species of the native animals 
 have perished, being unable to endure the presence of civilization, 
 or finding the food congenial to their tastes appropriated by 
 stronger races. Many of the pleasures, dangers and excitements 
 of the chase are only known and enjoyed by most of us of the 
 present day through the talk and traditions of the past. The 
 Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi 
 to the westward, never more to return. 
 
 Of Birds may be mentioned the following : * 
 
 Among the Game Birds most sought after are the Meleagris 
 Gallopavo (Wild Turkey), and Cupidonia Cupido (Prairie Hen), 
 which afford excellent sport for the hunter, and are quite plen- 
 tiful; Pinnated Grouse (Bonasa Unibellus) ; Ruffled Grouse 
 (Ortyx Virginianus) ; Quail (Philohela Minor) ; Woodcock (Gal- 
 linago Wilsonii) ; English Snipe (Macrorhamphus Griseus) ; Red- 
 breasted Snipe (Gambetta Melanoleuca) ; Telltale Snipe (Gam- 
 betta Flavipes) ; Yellow Legs. (Limosa Fedoa) ; Marbled Godwit 
 (Scolofax Fedoa, Wilson) ; Numenius Longirastris (Long-billed 
 Curlew) ; Kuraenius Hudsonicus (Short-billed Curlew) ; Rallus 
 
 * In the preceding mention of animals, botli tlie scientific and common names are 
 geuerally given for the benefit of the reader. 
 
 Virginianus (Virginia Rail); Cygnus Americanus (American 
 Swan) ; Cygnus Buccinator (Trumpeter Swan) ; Anser Hyperbo- 
 reus (Snow Goose) ; Bermicala Canadensis (Canada Goose) ; Ber- 
 micala Brenta (Brant) ; Anas Boschas (Mallard) ; Anas Obscura 
 (Black Duck) ; Dafila Acuta (Pintail Duck) ; Nettion Carolinen- 
 sis (Green-winged Teel) ; Querquedela discors (Blue-winged Teel) ; 
 Spatula Clypeata (Shoveler) ; Mareca Americana) (American Wid- 
 geon) ; Aix Sponsa (Summer, or Wood-Duck) ; Aythaya Ameri- 
 cana (Red-head Duck) ; Aythaya Vallisneria (Canvas-back Duck) ; 
 Bucephala Albeola (Butter Ball) ; Lophodytes Cueculatus 
 (Hooded Merganser) ; Pelecanus erythrorynchus (Rough-billed 
 Pelican) ; Colymbus torquatus (The Loon) ; Aegialitis Vociferus 
 (Killdeer Plover) ; Bald Head, Yellow-legged and Upland 
 Plover (Tantalus Loculata); (Wild Ibis) very rarely visit 
 this locality. Herodus egretta (White Heron) ; Ardea He- 
 rodias (Great Blue Heron) ; Botaurus lentiginosus (Bittern) ; Grus 
 Canadensis (Sand Hill Crane) ; Eetopistes migratoria (Wild 
 Pigeon) ; Zenaidura Carolinensis (Common Dove) ; Corvus carni- 
 vorus (American Raven) ; Corvus Americanus (Common Crow) ; 
 Cyanurus cristatus (Blue Jay); Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Bobolink); 
 Agelaius phcenicanus (Red-winged Black Bird) ; Sturella magna 
 (Meadow Lark) ; Icterus Baltimore (Golden Oriole) ; Chrysome- 
 tris tristis (Yellow Bird) ; Junco hyemalis (Snow Bird); Sgizella 
 S)cialis (Chipping Sparrow); Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow); 
 Melospiza palustris (Swamp Sparrow) ; Cyanospiza cyanea (Indigo 
 Bird) ; Cardinalis Virginianus (Cardinal Red Bird) ; Pipilo ery- 
 throphthalmus (Cheewink) ; Sitta Carolinensis (White-bellied Nut- 
 hatch) ; Mimus polyglottus (Mocking Bird) ; Mimus Carolinensis 
 (Cat Bird) ; Harphorhynchus rufus (Brown Thrush) ; Troglodytes 
 aedon (House Wren) ; Hirundo horreorum (Barn Swallow) ; Co- 
 tyle riparia (Bank Swallow) ; Progne purpurea (Blue Marthi) ; 
 Ampellis Cedrorum (Cedar Bird) ; Pyrangra rubra (Scarlet Ta- 
 nager) ; Pyrangra astiva (Summer Red Bird) ; Tardus Migrato- 
 rus (Ri)bin), came less than forty years ago. Sialia Sialis (Blue 
 Bird); Tyrannus Carolinensis (King Bird); Sayornis fuscus (Pe- 
 wee); Ceryle Alcyon (Belted Kingfisher); Antrostomus vociferus 
 (Whippoorwill) ; Chardeiles popetue (Night Hawk); Chaetura 
 pelasgia (Chimney Swallow) ; Trochilus colubris (Ruby-throated 
 Humming Bird); Picus Villosus (Hairy Woodpecker); Picus pu- 
 bescens (Downy Woodpecker) ; Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Red- 
 headed Woodpecker); Colaptes auratus (Golden Winged Wood- 
 pecker); Conurus Carolinensis (Carolina Parrot) ; Bubo Virginia- 
 nus (Great Horned Owl); Smyrnium nebulosura (Barred Owl); 
 Nyctea nivea (Snowy Owl); Carthartes aura (Turkey Buzzard); 
 Falco columbarium (Pigeon Hawk); Nauclerus furcatus (Swallow- 
 tailed Hawk) ; Icteria Mississippiensis (Mississippi Kite) ; Buteo 
 borealis (Red-tailed Hawk) ; Haliatus leucocephalus (Bald Eagle) ; 
 Falco fulvius (Ring-tailed Eagle). 
 
 We give the following classification of birds into three divisions, 
 as found in the " Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural 
 Society" of 1876. 
 
 1st. Those of the greatest value to the fruit-growers, in 
 destroying noxious insects, and which should be encouraged and 
 fostered in every way. 
 
 Blue Birds, Tit-mice or Chicadees, Warblers (small summer 
 birds, with pleasant notes, seen in trees and gardens). Swallows, 
 Vuros (small birds called green-necks). All birds known as 
 Woodpeckers, except Sap-suckers (Picus varius). This bird is en- 
 tirely injurious, as it is not insectivorous, but feeds on the inner 
 bark, cambium (and the elaborated sap) of many species of trees, 
 and may be known from other Woodpeckers by its belly being 
 yellowish, a large black patch on its breast, and the top of its 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 head a dark bright red. The males have also a patch of the same 
 on their throats, and with the minor margins of the two central 
 tail-feathers white. This bird should not be mistaken for the two 
 other most valuable birds which it nearly resembles, to wit: — The 
 Hairy Woodpecker (Picus villiosii et vars) ; and the Downy Wood- 
 pecker (Pious pubescens et vars). These two species have the outer 
 tail-feathers white (or barred with black), and have only a small 
 patch of red on the back of the head of the males. The Yellow 
 Hammer or Flecker (Colaptus auratus) is somewhat colored with 
 yellow, and should not be mistaken for the Sap-sucker. It is a 
 much larger bird. The Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes 
 rythrocephalus) sometimes pecks into apples and devours cherries, 
 and should be placed in the next division. (2d). The Wren, 
 Ground Robin (known as Cherwick), Meadow-Lark, all the fly- 
 catchers, the King Bird or bee catcher, Whip-poor-will, Night Hawk 
 or Goat Sucker, Nut-hatcher, Pewee or Pewit. AH the Blackbirds, 
 Bobolinks, Finches (Fringillidse), Quails, Song Sparrows, Scarlet 
 Tanager, Black, White and Brown Creepers, Maryland Warblers, 
 Indigo Birds, Chirping Sparrow, Black -throated Bunting, Thrushes, 
 except those named in the next class, and all domestic fowls except 
 geese. 
 
 Of the F^^h, the most common are the Cat, Bass, and the Sun- 
 fish. Jhe Perch, Pike and Bufialo are also occasionally met with. 
 The common Carp Chuff are numerous ; the Bass is a game-fish, 
 and affords fine sport. 
 
 2d. — BIRDS OF DOUBTFUL UTILITY. 
 
 Which include those which have beneficial qualities, but which 
 have also noxious or destructive qualities in the way of dej?troying 
 fruits, and whose habits are not fully determined. Thus the Robin, 
 Brown Thrush, and Cat Bird are very valuable as cut-worm eaters, 
 but also very obnoxious to the small fruit-growers. The Jay (Blue 
 Jay) not only destructive to grain and fruits, but very noxious in 
 the way of destroying the nest eggs and young of smaller and better 
 birds, Robin, Brown Thrush, and Cat Bird, Shrike or Butcher Bird, 
 Red-headed Woodpecker, Jay Bird or Blue Jay, Crow, and the 
 small Owls (screech owls). Pigeons, and Mocking Bird. 
 
 3d. — BIRDS THAT SHOULD BE EXTERMINATED. 
 
 Sap-sucker, or Yellow-bellied Woodpecker (see above), Baltimore 
 Oriole or Hanging Bird, Cedar Bird, or Wax-wings (Ampelis 
 cedrorum), Hawks, and the larger Owls. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE ABORIGINES. 
 
 I RIOR to the Indians, two distinct races are said 
 to have inhabited the American continent. The 
 first race was the most civilized, and the ruins 
 of extensive temples, palaces and pyramids in 
 Mexico and Central America prove that they 
 dwelt in magnificent and populous cities. The 
 second race was the mound-builders, the evi- 
 dence of whose existence is found in numerous 
 mounds, traces of which are discovered in a 
 tract of country extending in a southwest direction from the 
 southern shore of Lake Ontario to South America; Some of 
 
 these mounds were built within the present limits of St. Clair 
 county. 
 
 The Indians who inhabited this part of the Mississippi valley be- 
 longed to the Algonquin branch of the great Indian family. The 
 Illinois formed a confederacy of five tribes — the Tamaroas, Michi- 
 ganies, Kaskaskias, Cahokias and Peorias. In the year 1675 these 
 tribes lived chiefly in the country on the Illinois river. In 1680 
 the Iroquois burned their principal town, and the several tribes 
 were driven down the Illinois river to the Mississippi. Seven 
 hundred of the women and children of the Tamaroas were taken 
 prisoners, and a large number of these were burned and slaugh- 
 tered. The Illinois Indians subsequently removed further south. 
 Peoria, Cahokia and Kakaskia became the centres of the tribes 
 which bore those names. The Cahokia and Tamaroa tribes united 
 and had their village at Cahokia. The Michiganies chose a. loca- 
 tion near Fort Chartres, on the Mississippi. The efforts of the 
 Jesuits to convert these tribes to Christianity led to the establish- 
 ment of the villages of Cahokia and Kaskaskia. The Tamaroas 
 at one time had a town at Turkey Hill, but became nearly exter- 
 minated in a battle with the Shawnees, near the eastern limits of 
 Randolph county. At the time of the earliest French settlements 
 the Illinois Indians numbered about twelve thousand. In revenge 
 for the death of Pontiac, who was killed by an Illinois Indian at 
 Cahokia in 1769, the Illinois were almost exterminated by the 
 Sacs, Foxs and Pottawatomies. In the year 1800 they had be- 
 come reduced to two tribes, the Kaskaskias and Peorias, and could 
 only muster one hundred and fifty warriors. Their chief was a 
 half-breed of consid 'rable talent, named Du Quoin, who wore a 
 medal presented to him by Washington, whom he had visited at 
 Philadelphia. Soon after 1800 Du Quoin and his tribes emigrated 
 to the south-west. In 1850 the last remnant of the once populous 
 tribes which composed the Illinois Indians were in the Indian terri- 
 tory, and numbered in all eighty-four persons. After the settle- 
 ment of St. Clair county by the Americans, portions of the Kicka- 
 poo and Pottawatomie tribes often passed through, but after 
 1808 nothing was heard of them. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 PIONEEBS AND EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 INCIDENTS AND ANECDOTES OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 I HE early history of St. Clair county reaches back 
 to the historic period of French domination in 
 the Mississippi valley. There is no incident in 
 the settlement of America more full of ro- 
 mantic interest than the planting of an infant 
 colony in the very heart of an unexplored 
 continent— a single speck of civilization amid a 
 vast and savage wilderness. No people but 
 the French would have attempted it ; the zealous and hardy enthu- 
 siasm of the Jesuit faith could alone have furnished strong enough 
 motive. 
 
 THE FRENCH VILLAGE OP CAHOKIA 
 
 Was the earliest settlement in the present county of St. Clair. It 
 was in existence in 1686, and possibly may have been founded one 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 45 
 
 or two years previous. This point was selected as a missionary 
 station by the French Jesuits, who desired to instruct the Taraa- 
 roas and Cahokia Indians. Father Pinet was the first to have 
 charge of the mission, which was called " Notre Dame de Kahokia." 
 Indian traders came soon afterward, and the infant settlement was 
 thus placed on a substantial and pe manent basis. About the year 
 1700 the inhabitants began the cultivation of the soil adjacent to 
 the village, and more lasting buildings took the place of the tem- 
 porary structures which were first used for habitation. Cahokia 
 never became as large as Kaskaskia. The former carried on a 
 larger part of the trade with the northern Indians, while the latter 
 cultivated the soil to a greater extent, and secured an extensive 
 and profitable trade down the Mississippi with New Orleans and 
 Mobile. Like the other French settlements in Illinois, Cahokia 
 continued to prosper till 1763, when the result of the war which 
 had been carried on between France and England placed the 
 country east of the Mississippi under English control. 
 
 In a work published by Capt. Phillip Pittraan, an ofiicer in the 
 British army, entitled " The State of the European Settlements on 
 the Mississippi," published in London in 1770, the following de- 
 scription is given of Cahokia iu 1776: ''The village of Saint Fa- 
 mille de Kaoquias (Kahokia) is generally reckoned fifteen leagues 
 from Fort Chartres, and six below the mouth of the Missouri. It 
 stands near the side of the Mississippi, and is marked from the 
 river by an island two leagues long. The village is opposite the 
 centre of this island." 
 
 EAELY EESIDENTS OF CAHOKIA. 
 
 Among the prominent citizens of Cahokia in early times was 
 Charles Gratiot, whose name deserves commemoration for his patri- 
 otic services during the war of the Revolution. He was born at 
 Lausanne, Switzerland, in the year 1747. He belonged to a 
 Huguenot family. He was educated in London and thoroughly 
 fitted for a commercial career. At eighteen he went to Canada, 
 where his attention was directed to the north-west trade with the 
 Indians, then to active and enterprising young men the most pro- 
 mising channel to wealth and fame. With one partner at Macki- • 
 naw and another at Montreal, he extended his operations with the 
 Indians over a vast scope of country and employed large sums of 
 money. In 1774 he turned his attention to the Illinois country, 
 and established stores at both Cahokia and Kaskaskia. For many 
 years his grand depot for the Indian trade was at Cahokia. At 
 the time Gen. Clark made his expedition to Illinois and captured 
 the British posts, he found a ready supporter in Gratiot. Clark's 
 army was without resources, and had it not been for Gratiot and 
 some other wealthy and patriotic men, the campaign must have 
 been abandoned. He exhausted his means in his efforts to procure 
 supplies for the army ; but his talents and energies soon enableil 
 him to again accumulate wealth. In return for his services, Vir. 
 giuia, after the Revolution, agreed to give him thirty thousand 
 acres of land on the south-east bank of the Ohio, including the site 
 of the present city of Louisville ; but before the grant was com- 
 pleted, Kentucky was organized into a state and the conveyance to 
 Gratiot was never made. In 1781 he married a Miss Choteau, 
 daughter of Pierre Choteau, of St. Louis, who belonged to the 
 family which assisted in founding that city. After his marriage 
 he made St. Louis his residence, and died there in 1817. 
 
 Joseph Trotier, a French Canadian, settled in Cahokia about 
 the year 1775, and for a time carried on a large commerce with 
 New Orleans. On one occasion while ascending the I'iver a large 
 Cottonwood tree fell across his boat and destroyed it and the cargo. 
 The ascent of the Mississippi when the river was at a high stage 
 
 was difficult and dangerous. The voyage from New Orleans to 
 Cahokia frequently required four or five months, and often on the 
 voyage many died from sickness. Where the current was most 
 rapid the boat could not be propelled against the stream with oari. 
 A large rope or corJelle was then used. One end was fastened to 
 the boat, and ten, fifteen or twenty men on shore towed the boat 
 after them. When a river or creek entering into the Mississippi 
 was reached, they swam over with the cordelle. In places where 
 the current was very strong, the upper end of the cordelle was 
 fastened to a tree and the other end put round a windlass, and 
 thereby the boat was forced up the river against the current. These 
 cordelle ropes were frequently very long, often measuring five or 
 six hundred yards. 
 
 Dominique Ducherme, also a French Canadian, who made 
 Cahokia his home at intervals, possessed great influence among the 
 Indian tribes. He it was who made the celebrated attempt to cap- 
 ture St Louis, then a Spanish post. His attack was made on the 
 26th of May, 1780; and the year was known long afterwards as 
 "L'anne de coup!" Ducherme's enmity was excited against the 
 Spanish because a party of Spanish soldiers from the garrison at 
 St. Louis had captured and confiscated a boat-load of goods which 
 he was carrying up the Missouri river to trade with the Indians. 
 
 M. Saucier, of the French officers at Fort Chartres in 1756^ set- 
 tled at Cahokia, in 1763, after the cession of the country to Eng- 
 land. His three sons, Jean B., Michael, and Francis Saucier were 
 prominent characters in early times in Illinois, and occupied vari- 
 ous civil and military offices. The first died at Cahokia, and Michael 
 and Francis Saucier founded the village of Portage des Sioux in 
 Upper Louisiana. 
 
 From 1780 to 1800 Cahokia was the residence of many of the 
 north-western Indian traders, among whom was Julien Dubuque, 
 after whom the town of Dubuque in Iowa is named, and near which 
 he was buried. In 1788 he purchased from the Indians a tract of 
 land in the present state of Iowa, extending eighteen miles along the 
 Mississippi and running back nine miles from the river, iu which 
 valuable lead mines were embraced. William Arundel was another 
 Indian trader who came to Cahokia about the year 1783. He was 
 well educated, and among the old records of St. Clair and Randolph 
 counties his handwriting frequently appears. He was an Irishman 
 by birth. He died at Kaskaskia in 1816. He and Thomas Brady 
 were said to have been the only two persons, who were not French, 
 who resided in Cahokia previous to the year 1788. Brady was a 
 resident of Cahokia for many years, an I was made sheriff" of St. 
 Clair county in 1790. Another citizen of Cahokia, wa^ Capt. Mc- 
 Carty, who commanded a company of soldiers, raised among tiie 
 French, in February, 1779, and assisted Col. Clark in his capture 
 of the British ports on the Wabash. 
 
 About the year 1800 William Morrison, who then carried on, at 
 Kaskaskia, the leading mercantile business in the west, established 
 a store at Cahokia, and placed in charge of it William Atfhison, a 
 singular and eccentric Irishman, who, from the excessive high prices 
 he charged for his goods, acquired, in derision, the title of " Chape 
 Wollie." Guy Morrison, a brother of William Morrison, resided in 
 Cahokia from 1815 to 1826, and while there was employed in busi- 
 ness with his brother. 
 
 Among the most celebrated of the early residents of Cahokia wa? 
 Mrs. La Corapt, who died at Cahokia, in the year 1843, at the age of 
 one hundred and nine. She came to Cahokia in 1770. After the 
 death of La Compt, her second husband, she married Thomas 
 Brady, and after his death was again known by her former name. 
 She possessed many strong traits of character and was blessed with 
 ■on extraordinary constitution. She was familiar with the Indian 
 
46 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 language and possessed great influence among the Pottawatamies, 
 Kickapoos, and other tribes. During the early American settle- 
 ments in Monroe and Randolph counties, from 1771 to 1795, she 
 prevented rnany Indian attacks on the white population. On many 
 occasions she was awakened in the night by her Indian friends who 
 would inform her of a proposed Indian attack and warn her to 
 leave Cahokia. She started often to meet some hundreds of war- 
 riors camped near the Quentine mound, at the foot of the bluff, near 
 the present French village, with the purpose of persuading them to 
 dismiss their hostile intentions. She knew that a female approach- 
 ing on foot would excite sympathy among the Indians, and then she 
 trusted to her influence and her arguments to appease their anger 
 and avert bloodshed. She never failed. The inhabitants of Caho- 
 kia were often waiting, with arms in their hands, ready for defence, 
 when they would see this extraordinary woman escorting to the 
 village a great band of warriors changed in their motives from war 
 to peace. The Indians were then feasted for days, and would remain 
 in peace for some time after the reconciliation. 
 
 Another remarkable woman who lived at Cahokia at an early 
 period was Madame Beaulieu. She was born in the village of St. 
 Phillippe, a few miles above Fort Chartres, in the year 1742, and 
 was educated at Quebec, Canada. Her father, whose name was 
 Chouvin, came to Fort Chartres, as an ofiicer in the French troops, 
 and afterward settled at Cahokia, where his daughter married. 
 This lady is said to have possessed a strong, active mind and a 
 superior education. She was a pattern of morality and virtue. She 
 understood medicine, and her attainments in this science were often 
 called into requisition. She was extremely devout, and an exempla- 
 ry member of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 John De Moulin, a native of Switzerland, settled in Cahokia and 
 became a conspicuous and influential citizen. He was made chief 
 justice of the court of Common Pleas of the Cahokia District of St. 
 Clair county in 1790. For a long series of years he served as jus- 
 tice of the peace and also judge of the probate court. He was a 
 1 arge trader in lands, and among the early records of land transfers 
 his name appears with nearly as much frequency as that of any 
 other person in the county. He was a gentleman of intelligence 
 and education, understood legal principles, and had a thorough 
 understanding of the value of the titles of the lands in market at 
 that day. He was very popular, and was elected colonel of the 
 militia for St. Clair county. He had a large and portly figure, and 
 on parade days made a fine appearance. Under his command the 
 militia of the county was well trained and efiicient. He was a 
 single man during his residence in Illinois, and died without wife, 
 children, or relative of any degree in this country. 
 
 Nicholas Jarrot, a native of FrancheCompte, in France, emigra- 
 ted from his native country in 1790, and reached Cahokia in 1794, 
 where he resided during the remainder of his life. He was a man 
 of intense activity, energy and industry. He came to Cahokia 
 without means, but obtained a small supply of Indian goods and 
 became an Indian trader. He succeeded in amassing a large for- 
 tune. Every year he- dispatched a boat-load of goods to the upper 
 Mississippi, Prairie du Chien, or the Falls of St. Anthony, where such 
 articles as the natives needed were bartered ofi" for furs and peltries. 
 In early times the Indian trade was very lucrative, and two and 
 three hundred per cent, was commonly realized on the goods sold 
 to the Indians. He also kept a small retail store at Cahokia. He 
 erected a horse-mill at Cahokia which was in operation before and 
 during the war of 1812, and assisted much in providing the supplies 
 for the troops engaged in the war. By purchasing land claims he 
 acquired immense bodies of land, some of which was the choicest in 
 the country. He owned considerable land on the river opposite 
 
 St. Louis. For many years he held the positions of justice of the 
 peace and judge of the ounty court. His name often appsars on 
 the early court records. He erected in Cahokia a brick house, 
 which, when built, was one of the finest in Illinois. It is still stand- 
 ing. His first wife was a Miss Birbsau of Prairie du Rocher, and 
 his next a Miss Beauvais of St. Genevieve, Mo. He seems to have 
 had a mania for mills, and wasted large sums of money in building 
 and maintaining a water-mill on Cahokia creek. His mill was 
 situated a few miles west of East St. Louis. The exposure, fatigue 
 and sickness he expsriencad while at work on this mill is said to 
 have been the cause of his death. He was a strict and zealous mem- 
 bar of the R^man Catholic Church. He died in 182^, and wa? 
 buried in the old grave-yard of Cahokia. 
 
 In the year 1793 John Hays became a citizen of Cahokia. He 
 was born in the city of New York in 1770, and when very young 
 entered the Indian trade in the North-west as clerk to a wealthy 
 house in Canada. At one time, near the head waters of the Red 
 river, he and two Canadians were caught in a severe snow storm on 
 the prairie and were compelled to lie under the snow for three days 
 and nights, being unable to travel, and with only a scanty supply 
 of dried meat and their blankets. They suffered most from want of 
 water. On settling at Cahokia he embarked in trade with the In- 
 dians on his own account. He afterward turned his attention to 
 agriculture. For a long number of years he held the office of post- 
 master at Cahokia, with no profit to himself, but for the accommo- 
 dation of his neighbors. Governor St. Clair in 1798 appointed him 
 sheriff" of St. Clair county, and he continued to exercise the duties 
 of this position till 1818, when the state government was organized. 
 For several years subsequent to 1822 he was stationed at Fort 
 Wayne, Indiana, where he acted as Indian agent for the Pottawata- 
 mies and Miami tribes. He returned to Cahokia, where he spent 
 the balance of his days, and where, in old age, he died. 
 
 Another prominent citizen of Cahokia was John Hay. He filled 
 several of the county offices, and many of the county records are in 
 his hand. He was born in Detroit in 1769, and came to Cahokia 
 in 1793. His father, John Hay, was a native of Chester county, 
 Pennsylvania, and was the last British Governor of Upper Canada. 
 His mother was a lady of French descent, a native of Detroit. His 
 father died when Mr. Hay was seventeen years old. After making 
 a venture at the Indian trade in the North-west, he came to Caho- 
 kia in 1793, and for a while was engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness. In 1797 he married iMiss Margaret Pouport, an amiable and 
 beautiful young Creole of Cahokia. ' He possessed a liberal educa- 
 tion, and he was frequently employed to do writing by the mer- 
 chants of St. Louis and other places. Arthur St. (Mair, then Gov- 
 ernor of the North-western territory, on the 15th of February, 1799, 
 commissioned him clerk of the court of Quarter Sessions, clerk of 
 court of Common Pleas, clerk of the Orphans' Court, and treasurer 
 of the county of St. Clair. He held these four positions at the same 
 time, and also during his life occupied other offices of trust and 
 honor. He was notary public, justice of the peace, judge of pro- 
 bate, and recorder. He was also appointed by the commissioners 
 at Kaskaskia to take depositions in support of land claims in the 
 Kaskaskia district— a very delicate and responsible trust. He re- 
 tained the confidence of tae people to a rare degree, and remained 
 in office through successive changes of administration till his death. 
 When the county seat was removed to Belleville, in 1814, it was a 
 severe blow to Mr. Hay and his family. His duties demanded his 
 presence at the county seat, and yet he was reluctant to leave the 
 French society at Cahokia, to which he had become devotedly at- 
 tached. For several years he came to Belleville each Monday 
 morning, returning on Saturday to Cahokia, where his family still 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 47 
 
 continued to reside. At last he sold his house in Cahokia, and 
 became a permanent resident of Belleville, where he died in 1843. 
 He was well fitted to fill the county offices in the early history of 
 the county, when the population was of a mixed character. He 
 was educated both in the English and French languages, and thus 
 was qualified to transact business with both classes of the people. 
 He acted as interpreter and assistant secretary at the treaty with 
 the Indians at Portage des Sioux, Missouri, in 1815. 
 
 Louison, Etienne and Louis Pensoneau, three brothers, emigrated 
 from Canada and settled in Cahokia in 1798. The youngest was 
 then twenty-two and the oldest twenty-six. They all married in 
 Cahokia and made excellent citizens. Louis Pensoneau for many 
 years carried on the ferry between St. Louis and Cahokia which 
 then crossed the river from below the mouth of the old Cahokia 
 creek. Etienne Pensoneau built the first brick house in Illinoistown, 
 now East St. Louis. From George Blair he purchased the site of 
 Belleville and afterward sold it to Governor Ninian Edwards. He 
 subsequently bought property in St. Louis, removed to that place, 
 and died there in 1822. Louison Personeau embarked in the In- 
 dian trade on the Illinois river, principally among the Kickapoo 
 Indians. His main depot was at Peoria. He was influential in 
 securing the adjustment of the old Peoria land claims. He died in 
 183L 
 
 Among the physicians who made Cahokia their home, was Dr. 
 Truman Tuttle, who came to Kaskaskia in the year 1802, as a sur- 
 geon in the United States army. After resigning his position in 
 the army, he practiced medicine for a time at Kaskaskia, and then 
 came to Cahokia. He was appointed judge of the court of common 
 pleas of St. Clair county, and justice of the peace. Dr. Lyle 
 resided at Cahokia in early times. He was considered a good phy- 
 sician. Dr. William L. Eeynolds emigrated from Bracken county, 
 Ky., to Kaskaskia in the year 1809, and after practicing his profes- 
 sion there for some years, removed to Cahokia. He possessed talents 
 of a high order, was an industrious student, and met with great 
 professional success. He returned to Kaskaskia, and died of con- 
 sumption in the year 1823. 
 « 
 
 PEAIKIE DU PONT. 
 
 After Cahokia the next permanent settlement in the county was 
 the village of Prairie du Pont. This village had its start from a 
 water-mill which was erected on Prairie du Pont creek by the 
 JMist^ion of St. Sulpice, about the year 1754. This was the first 
 water-mill in St Clair county. The village was founded in 1760 
 by residents of the other French villages, and in 1765 was said to 
 contain fourteen families. It was only one mile south of Cahokia, 
 and may be considered to have been a kind of a suburb of that 
 village. 
 
 Jean Francois Perry was one of the most prominent citizens 
 who ever lived at Prairie du Pont. He was born at Lyons, France, 
 of a wealthy and aristocratic family, received a liberal, classic 
 education, and studied and practiced law in his native country. 
 The French revolution caused his emigration to America. He 
 formed a partnership with another Frenchman, M. Claudius, to 
 carry on the mercantile business, and the two started from Phila- 
 delphia for the West. They reached Cahokia with a small stock of 
 goods, and soon afterward settled at Prairie du Pont. A few years 
 afterward Claudius went to Philadelphia to purchase goods, and 
 was thrown from a horse and killed in the streets of that city. His 
 foot caught in the stirrup, and he was dragged and torn to death on 
 the pavements. Perry purchased the old mill site on Prairie du 
 Pont creek and built a new mill, whieih he carried on with profit. 
 Near the mill was his dwelling. In the year 1794 he married the 
 
 bi autiful daughter of Jean B. Saucier, of Cahokia. In a few years 
 he amassed a large fortune ; he carried on both the mill and the 
 store, but the greater part of his wealth was gained by profitable 
 land speculations. He possessed a sound knowledge of law and a 
 keen and vigorous mind, so that he was well able to enter into the 
 traffic in land claims, which at that time engrossed the attention of 
 men of means. At the time of his death he owned large bodies of 
 choice lands. He was a man of plain, unostentatious manners, and 
 lived and dressed in the true Republican style. He paid due regard 
 to economy, and yet displayed much hospitality in the entertain- 
 ment of all classes of people. He was held in great popularity and 
 high esteem. For many years he was judge of the court of common 
 pleas ; he acted as a justice of the peace during almost the whole 
 period of his life after coming to Illinois. He was proficient in 
 the French and English languages ; he served as a member of the 
 legislature of Indiana Territory, which convened at Vincennes ; he 
 employed great energy and activity in his business operations. He 
 died in the year 1812. 
 
 Philip Creamer, a noted gunsmith, settled a short distance east of 
 Prairie du Pont, in the year 1805. He was born at Taneytown, 
 Maryland, and learned the trade of a gunsmith at Harper's Ferry. 
 He had great genius as a mechanic. Anything that it was possible 
 to do with metal he could do. But he was best in making a gun, 
 the various parts of which he perfected and put together in a very 
 superior manner. His gun-locks scarcely ever missed fire. In 
 olden times it was a proverb, " He is as sure as a Creamer lock." 
 His services were of great value in the war of 1812, and his time 
 was fully employed in making and repairing guns for the trooi)s 
 defending the frontiers. It is said that some of his friends induced 
 him to make a pistol for John C. Calhoun, at that time secretary 
 of war. The workmanship so surprised Calhoun that he wrote 
 Creamer a letter requesting to know some particulars of his liff, 
 and where he had learned his trade. Creamer was very singular 
 and modest, and would not reply to the letter. He said, "I am no 
 showman, to be advertised." He lived to an old age. 
 
 The French settlements known "as French village and Quentine 
 village, (Canteen, in Madison county,) were begun about the year 
 1805, and for a time enjoyed considerable prosperity. A Frenchman 
 from Cahokia, named Delorm, settled at the edge of the timber, east 
 of the Big Mound, near Quentine (Canteen) creek, in 1804, and 
 soon after the Quentine village began its existence. Its inhabitants 
 were mostly emigrants from Prairie du Pont. The earliest settlers 
 at French village were Nicholas Turgion, August Trotier and Dennis 
 Valentine. The latter built a horse-mill. 
 
 MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE EAELY FRENCH SETTLERS. 
 
 The early French settlers were in general ambitious for neither 
 wealth nor knowledge. They were quite content to take the world 
 as it came, and endeavored to extract all the enjoyment possible out 
 of life, and to avoid its cares. All were devout Catholics, and they 
 were punctual in the discharge of their religious duties. They were 
 eminently a social people. They could not be induced to settle on 
 separate farms, like the American pioneers, but they clustered to- 
 gether in villages so that they might have the greatest opportu- 
 nity for social intercourse. Their physical wants were easily sup- 
 plied, and the great part of their lives they gave to pleasure. The 
 young people delighted in the dance, and this cheerful and innocent 
 diversion was usually carried on under the eye of the priest and the 
 aged patriarchs of the village, who fully sympathized with the spirit 
 of the gay assemblage. The excitement and animation of a French 
 ball-room were surprising. Old and young, rich and poor, met 
 together in good feeling, and with hearts overflowing with merri- 
 
48 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 ment. It was the usual custom to dance the old year out and the 
 new year in. The numerous festivals of the Catholic church 
 strongly tended to awaken and develop the social and friendly in- 
 tercourse of the people. On the morning of the Sabbath they were 
 always found at church, but the remainder of the day was devoted 
 to social intercourse and diverting pastimes. Husbands and wives 
 were kind and affectionate, and the children obedient. Hospitality 
 and generosity were marked characteristics of the people. Their 
 costume was peculiar. Blue seemed to have been the favorite color, 
 and handkerchiefs of that hue commonly adorned the heads of both 
 men and women. No genuine Frenchman in those days ever wore 
 a hat, cap, or coat. The eapot, made of white blanket, was the 
 universal dress for the laboring class of people. In summer the 
 men wore a coarse blue stuff, and in the winter cloth or buckskin. 
 The women wore deer skin moccasins, and the men a coarser and 
 stronger article, made of thicker leather. With that natural apti- 
 tude for dress, which seems to belong peculiarly to the French, the 
 women caught up the fashions of New Orleans and Paris with 
 great avidity, and adopted them, as far as they were able.* 
 
 Notwithstanding their long separation by an immense wilderness 
 from civilized society, they still retained all the suavity and polite- 
 ness of their race. And it is a remarkable fact that the roughest 
 hunter or boatman among them could at any time ai)pear in a ball 
 room, or other polite or gay assembly, with the carriage and beha- 
 viour of a well-bred gentleman. The French women are remarka- 
 ble for the sprightliness of their conversation, and the ease and ele- 
 gance of their manners. And the whole population lived lives of 
 alternate toil, pleasure, ihnocent amusement and gayety. 
 
 Their horses and cattle, for want of proper care and food for 
 many generations, had degenerated in size, but had acquired addi- 
 tional vigor and toughness ; so that a French pony was a proverb 
 for endurance. These ponies were made to draw, sometimes one 
 alone, sometimes two together, one hitched before the other, to the 
 plow, or to carts made entirely of wood, the bodies of which held 
 about double the contents of a common large wheel-barrow. The 
 oxen were yoked by the horns, instead of the neck, and in this mode 
 were made to draw the plow and cart. Nothing like reins were 
 ever used in driving; the whip of the drive, with a handle about 
 two feet long, and a lash two yards long, stopped or guided the 
 horse as effectually as the strongest reins. 
 
 They were on friendly terms with the Indians. The ease with 
 which the French could adapt themselves to circumstances, made 
 them at home by the camp fires of the savage. When with the 
 Indians they adopted their modes of life, dressed like them, and 
 frequently took as wives the dusky squaws. 
 
 While not superstitious, the ancient French in Illinois believed 
 that some of the negroes of the West India islands possessed super- 
 natural power to do any one harm, and that they could also look 
 into futurity. In Cahokia, about the year 1790, this superstition 
 got the upper hand of reason, and several poor African slaves suf- 
 fered for this imaginary offence. An African negro, called Moreau, 
 was hiing for this crime on a tree not far south-east of the village. 
 It is stated that he said, " he poisoned his master, but his mistress 
 was too strong for his necromancy." Another slave, Emanuel, 
 
 * They seUom violated the penal law. Eeynolda says : " Very few, or none 
 of the Creoles, were ever indicted for the crimes the law-books style malum in 
 se. No one, to my knowledge, was ever in the Penitentiary for a crime. I 
 believe the records of the courts in Illinois do not exhibit an indictment 
 against a Creole Frenchman for any crime higher than keeping his grocery 
 open on a prohibited day of the week." Education, however, was neglected. 
 The priests and the old ladies at times taught the children, but there was no 
 regular system of schools. 
 
 was shot at Cahokia for the same reason. An old woman, named 
 Jeanette, was supposed to have power to destroy persons and pro- 
 perty by her incantations. Many grown people, and all the chil- 
 dren, were terrified at her approach. 
 
 THE AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 At the beginning of the present century only one settlement of 
 Americans had been made within the present limits of St. Clair 
 county. This colony (at Turkey Hill), numbered about twenty.. 
 Soon after the year 1800, the American settlements began rapidly 
 to increase. Ridge prairie attracted a number of families which 
 had previously settled in the present county of Monroe ; the log 
 cabin of the frontiersman made its appearance beyond Silver Creek ; 
 and in a few years every part of the county was brought under the 
 domain of the adventurous pioneer. 
 
 TURKEY HILL. 
 
 The only American settlement in the county previous to the year 
 1800, was at Turkey Hill. The pioneer in this locality was William 
 Scott. Turkey Hill had been an Indian camping ground for ages 
 past, and after the arrival of the French was conspicuous as a 
 trading post. The eminence rises to a considerable height, and 
 from the east can be seen at a distance of thirty or forty miles. The 
 French called it cote de dinde. Tradition says, that the Tamaroas 
 Indians at one time had a large town on Turkey Hill, and that the 
 Great Spirit sent an old Indian, a wise and good man, with the 
 seeds of all good vegetables ; corn, beans, potatoes and peas, and 
 that the old man taught the Indians how to plant and cultivate 
 them. The old man also gave them good advice, to be peaceful, 
 and never to go to war. As long as this counsel was followed, the 
 Tamirois did well, and were a happy and prosperous people; but 
 at last they disregarded the sage instruction, and disaster followed. 
 
 William Scott, the first settler at Turkey Hill, was born of Irish 
 parentage, in Bottetourt county, Virginia, in the year 1745. After 
 his marriage he removed from Virginia to Kentucky. He first 
 came to Illinois in the year 1794, but returned to Kentucky. In 
 1797 he removed with his family to Illinois, and became a perma- 
 nent resident. His children came with him — six sons and one 
 daughter — and also his son-in-law, Franklin Jarvis. His sons were 
 James, William, Samuel, Joseph, John, and Alexander Scott, and 
 his daughter was named Elizabeth : all were born in Virginia. 
 They made the journey by wagon from Fort Massac to the New 
 Design settlement, where they arrived late in the fall. About 
 Christinas they located at Turkey Hill, and made the first settle- 
 ment north-east of Whitesides' station, in the present county of 
 Monroe. Two of the sons, James and Joseph Scott, had come to 
 Illinois the year prior, and raised a crop in the American Bottom, 
 in Monroe county ; they then went back to Kentucky, and accom- 
 panied the family to Illinois, as above stated. William Scott had 
 located several claims in the present counties of Monroe and St. 
 Clair, one of which covered Turkey Hill, where he settled. Frank- 
 lin Jarvis, Scott's son-in-law, settled a little north, at the foot of the 
 hill. 
 
 At the time the Scotts came to Turkey Hill, the Indians were 
 numerous in the vicinity. They hunted and resided near him the 
 most of the year, but exhibited only a friendly spirit. The Kicka- 
 poos were the nearest neighbors. His large family of sons were 
 of assistance in enabling him to sustain himself in a location so far 
 in advance of the white settlements. His children married and 
 settled in the neighborhood, and the family resided together for 
 many years in that part of the county, in peace and happiness. 
 After the New Design settlement and the colony in the American 
 
EISTORY OF 8T. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 49 
 
 Bottom, the Turkey Hill settlement became the most conspicuous 
 settlement of Americans in Illinois in pioneer times. Mr. Scott 
 was known far and near as " Turkey Hill Scott." He was a man 
 of moral and honest character. For many years he was a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He possessed a sound judg- 
 ment, and much practical experience, and was ambitious of neither 
 wealth nor worldly distinction. He served some time as justice of 
 the peace. Toward the close of his life he turned his attention to 
 books and study, and passed his advanced years in the pleasures of 
 meditation and reflection. He was intelligent and communicative, 
 and was fond of discoursing on philosophical subjects. He died in 
 Shiloh valley, in the year 1828, at the age of eighty-four. His sons 
 became useful citizens, and many of his descendants still reside in 
 the county. 
 
 Joseph Scott, one of the sons of William Scott, began the manu- 
 facture of powder in the year 1809, four miles and a half east of 
 Belleville. For many years he furnished the best powder made in 
 the West. He supplied the Rangers during the war of 1812. The 
 nitre which he used in its manufacture he procured in the caves 
 on the Gasconade river in Missouri, during the winter months, ex- 
 ploring that country,, then filled with Indians, with only one com- 
 panion, Joseph Dixon. He also started a distillery, half a mile 
 south of Shiloh, which was probably the first in the county. 
 
 The next year Hosea Riggs, Samuel Shook and some others were 
 added to the Turkey Hill settlement. In the year 1800 there were 
 about twenty persons, all told, living at Turkey Hill. 
 
 Hosea Riggs, then an exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 came to Illinois in 1796, and settled in the American Bottom, Mon- 
 roe county. He was born in West Virginia, April, 1760, and had 
 been a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was deeply interested 
 in Methodism, and had charge of a Methodist class in the American 
 Bottom. In 1803 he went to Kentucky to attend the Western Con- 
 ference, and solicit a preacher for the Illinois country. The Rev. 
 Benjamin Young was sent. Riggs moved to St. Clair county, as 
 above stated, and died two miles east of Belleville, in October, 1841, 
 eighty-one years of age — at that time, the oldest man in the county. 
 
 The Shook family was from Virginia, and settled south-east of 
 Turkey Hill, at a distance of about a mile from Scott. Samuel 
 Shook was a good farmer and a useful citizen. He died in the year 
 1827. Among the other early settlers were George Stout, Moses 
 and Jacob Short, and Joseph Carr. 
 
 Jacob and Moses Short were sons of John Short, who died soon 
 after his arrival in this county. They were Kentuckians. Jacob 
 Short was a man of some prominence and influence. He was cap- 
 tain of a company of Rangers in the war of 1812, and was also 
 elected to the legislature under the territorial government. He 
 acted as one of the seconds in the celebrated Stuart-Bennett duel. 
 He removed to Morgan county, where he ended his days. Moses 
 Short for a number of years held the ofiice of justice of the peace. 
 He served against the Indians in his brother's company of Rangers. 
 He is said to have built the first hand-mill in that part of the 
 county. 
 
 The Carr family, — Joseph, Henry, Conrad, and Abner, settled in 
 the Turkey Hill prairie, betweep two and three miles south-east of 
 Turkey Hill, in the year 1803. They came from Virginia, and 
 before coming to this locality, had lived in the New Design settle- 
 ment in Monroe county. Joseph Carr died near Turkey Hill in the 
 year 1817, and his sons lived in that neighborhood several years 
 afterward. All the above settlements were made prior to the year 
 1804. 
 
 David Phillips became a resident of the county in the year 1803. 
 He was born in Orange county. North Carolina, in the year 1755. 
 7 
 
 He was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. He moved with 
 his family from North Carolina to Kentucky in the fall of the year 
 1800, and after living within seven miles of Danville in the latter 
 state till October, 1803, emigrated to Illinois, and settled on 
 Richland creek, a few miles south of the present city of Belleville, 
 and about two miles south-west of Turkey Hill. He was a natural 
 mechanic, and possessed great natural genius for working in wood. 
 He could m;ike anything from a fiddle to a wagon. . He supplied 
 the neighborhood with plows, sash, wagons, tables, all parts of a 
 spinning wheel, looms, barrels, hogsheads, milk-piggins, chairs and 
 other similar articles. His son, Isaac J. Phillips, now residing in 
 Belleville, has a chair in his possession, which was made in the 
 year 1814, and which for strength and durability is much superior 
 to anything manufactured at the present time. He died on the 
 place he first settled, in the year 1826. He left a numerous and 
 respectable family, and many of his descendants are still residents 
 of the county. Isaac J. Phillips was born in North Carolina, in 
 the year 1800 ; came to St. Clair county with his father in 1803, 
 and has been a resident of the county ever since, with the exception 
 of six months in the year 1822, during which time he was in Texas. 
 He settled one mile east of Belleville in 1828, and lived there till 
 1877, and then became a resident of the city of Belleville. 
 
 In the year 1806, the settlements in that part of the county were 
 increased by the arrival of the families of Elijah Rittenhouse, Isaac 
 Quick, and John Woods. The Rittenhouse family settled on Tur- 
 key Hill Ridge, which up to that time had been occupied only by 
 Scott. There were four sons in this family : Cornelius, Peter, Wil- 
 liam, and Elijah Rittenhouse. Rittenhouse entertained the idea 
 that his location was the proper place for the county-seat at the 
 time its removal from Cahokia was agitated. He laid ofi" his land 
 in town-lots, but the site of Belleville was selected instead. He 
 served as constable, and was a good citizen. His grandchildren 
 still reside in that part of the county. Isaac Quick had a son, 
 Moses Quick, who exhibited considerable enterprise. In the year 
 1810, in company with Major Jacob Short, he built a flat-boat 
 below the present town of New Athens, which was loaded with beef 
 cattle, and successfully floated down to New Orleans. This is said 
 to have been the first flat-boat that ever navigated the Okaw. John 
 Woods settled some distance south-west of Turkey Hill. Like 
 some others among the early pioneers, he was too liberal a patron 
 of ardent spirits. John Jar vis, a brother of Franklin Jarvis, set- 
 tled some distance north of Turkey Hill, and about five miles east 
 of Belleville. He removed to the neighborhood of Troy, in Indiana 
 county, where his descendants still live. 
 
 After the year 1806, there were no considerable additions for some 
 time to the Turkey Hill neighborhood. The settlement was con- 
 sidered one of the best in the county, and was generally composed 
 of good, honest, and industrious citizens. The Scott family were 
 connected with the Methodist Church. The Shorts and Carrs were 
 Baptists. Baptist meetings were held one mcmth at the house of 
 Squire Moses Short, and the next mouth at Joseph Carr's house. 
 The Rev. Joseph Chance was one of the earliest preachers. The 
 first sermon that Isaac J. Phillips ever heard preached was at the 
 house of Moses Short, in the year 1806. It was the funeral sermon 
 of Short's son. 
 
 WEST AND SOUTH-WEST OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 In the years 1801 and 1802 settlements were made by John Te- 
 ter, Abraham Eyman, William Muller, Martin Randleman and 
 Daniel Stookey. The founders of this colony were of Pennsylvania 
 Dutch descent, and became industrious, moral and upright citizens. 
 Stookey and Eyman, in company with some others, (one of whom 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 was the Rev. David Badgley), came to Illinois in 1796 to explore 
 the country with a view of selecting a future location for their fami- 
 lies. Traversing the country in the vicinity of the present city of 
 Belleville, Stookey and Eyman selected the locations where after- 
 ward they settled in the prairie west and south-west of Belleville. 
 Abraham Eyman brought his family to Illinois the next year. He 
 fitst lived in the American Bottom, near Piggott's station, then 
 moved lo the New Design, and in the spring of the year 1801 set- 
 tled four miles west of Belleville. He was a good citizen, and once 
 represented the county in the legislature. He died in the same 
 neighborhood where he settled, Eyman was preceded a few months 
 by John Teter, who had a house already built at the time the former 
 arrived. Teter once served as County Commissioner. William 
 Miller, a brother-in-law of Teter, selected a location three miles 
 south-west of Belleville. 
 
 Daniel Stookey, who had married a sister to the wife of Abraham 
 Eyman, came to the county iu the year 1802, and settled on the 
 farm now ovvned by Mrs. George W. Stookey, two miles west of 
 Belleville. He died iu the year 1835, on the farm which he first 
 settled. He had nine children, who grew to maturity, two of whom 
 were born before coming to Illinois. Only one, Elijah Stookey, is 
 now living; his residence is on a farm adjoining the one on which 
 his father settled in 1802. 
 
 John Primm, a native of Stafford county, Virginia, emigrated to 
 Illinois in the year 1803, and about a year afterward settled seven 
 miles west of Belleville, and in 1817 moved to a new location three 
 miles south-west of the county seat. Here he died in 1836, at the 
 age of eighty-seven. For a time he carried the mail between Caho- 
 kia and Edwardsville. One of his sons, in August, 1814, while 
 carrying the mail from Cahokia to Cliuton Hill, was struck by light- 
 ning in the Derush hollow near the bottom. He and his horse were 
 both killed. His body was burnt black by the electricity. Mr. 
 Primm had been a soldier in the Revolutionary war, was present at 
 the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, in 1781, and during the 
 latter part of his life received a pension. His son, Aram Primm is 
 now a resident of Belleville. He was born in Hampshire county, 
 Virginia, iu 1799, and was between two and three years old when 
 the family moved to Illinois. He has been living seventy-eight 
 years in St. Clair county, and is now one of the relics of pioneer days 
 in Illinois. 
 
 The year 1802 was marked by general prosperity to the colonists 
 in Illinois. Accessions were made to the population, and new set- 
 tlements formed. The Goshen settlement, in the present county of 
 Madison, was increased in numbers. This year settlements were 
 made, north and north-east of Belleville, on 
 
 EIDGE PEAIEIE. 
 
 Among the pioneers here was the Ogle family. Captain Joseph 
 Ogle was born in Virginia in the year 1744. He commanded a 
 company of Virginia troops during the Revolutionary war, holding 
 a commission as captain from Patrick Henry, then governor o^' Vir- 
 ginia. He came to Illinois in the year 1785, and first settled in 
 what is now Monroe county. In 1802 he made one of the pioneer 
 locations on Ridge prairie, settling that year near the present town 
 of O'Fallon. During his early residence in Illinois he took part in 
 several Indian fights. In May, 1791, John Dempsey was attacked 
 by the Indians, but escaped. Capt. Ogle and his son, Benjamin 
 Ogle, were two of the eight men who started in pursuit of the Indi- 
 ans. The others were Capt. Nathaniel Hull, James Lemen, J. Ryan, 
 William Bryson, John Porter and Daniel Roper. The Indians were 
 double the number of the whites. A hot battle was fought in the 
 timber at the Big Spring in Monroe county, not far east of the road 
 
 which ran from Waterloo to *Whiteside8 station. A running fight 
 was kept up till dark from tree to tree, the Indians fleeing and the 
 whites pursuing. Five Indians were killed, but the white men all 
 escaped unharmed. Capt Ogle lived on a farm two miles west of 
 O'Fallon where he died, in 1821. Capt. Ogle left several children, 
 and there are now many of his descendants in St. Clair county. 
 
 Benjamin Ogle, his oldest son, took part in several of the early 
 Indian contests, in one of which he was wounded. He was a ranger 
 during the war of 1812. He lived on a farm near the present town 
 of O'Fallon, and died at a good old age. Another son, Joseph 
 Ogle, was born in Virginia, in 1777, and accompanied his parents 
 to Illinois in 1785. He married Lucinda Pulliam, daughter of John 
 Pulliam, in 1804, and soon afterward improved a farm east of 
 O'Fallon. He served in the Black Hawk war. He died in 1846. 
 Jacob Ogle, son of Capt. Joseph Ogle, was born in Virginia, and 
 came to Illinois with the family in 1785. He married Elizabeth 
 Teter and settled west of O'Fallon. He was a man of considerable 
 intelligence and popularity, and for a number of years served as 
 Justice of the Peace. He and the' Rev. James Lemen built a mill 
 for grinding wheat and corn. This mill was situated on Ogle's 
 creek, three miles north of O'Fallon, and was run by water power. 
 Owing to the scant supply of water the mill was carried on only a 
 short time. He had another mill at an early period on his farm, 
 which was operated by horse power. Two of his sons are still living 
 in the neighborhood of O'Fallon. Some of the daughters of Capt. 
 Joseph Ogle married early pioneers. Nancy married in Virginia, 
 Larkin Rutherford, and came to Illinois with her husband in 1785. 
 Prudence was the wile of Peter Casterline. Dnusilla married Wil- 
 liam Porter, and Polly became the wife of Gen. James Moore. Je- 
 mima married the Rev. Charles Matheny, a former resident of St. 
 Clair county, and a member of the Methodist ministry, who subse- 
 quently removed to Springfield where he occupied several responsi- 
 ble public positions. 
 
 Among the settlers in Ridge prairie were Robert, Joseph and 
 James Lemen, sons of the Rev. James Lemen, one of the early pio- 
 neer preachers of Illinois. James Lemen, Sr., was born in Berkeley 
 county, Virginia, in the year 1760. He served two.years during the 
 war of the Revolution, and then went to the vicinity of Wheeling, 
 Virginia, where he married Catharine Ogle, daughter of Capt. Jo- 
 seph Ogle. He came to Illinois in 1786, his father-in-law having 
 settled here the previous year, He descended the Ohio river in a 
 flat boat. At night, while the boat was titd to the shore, the river 
 fell, and the boat, lodging on a stump, was overturned and sunk. 
 All his provisions and goods were thus lost. His oldest son, Robert, 
 then thi-ce years of ago, floated out in the stream on the bed on which 
 he lay, but with some exertion his life was saved. He reached Kas- 
 kaskia on the 10th of July, 1786, and shortly afterward settled at 
 New Design, in the present Monroe county. He was a Justice of 
 the Peace for a number of years, and also served as one of the 
 judges of the county court. His religious labors are elsewhere re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 Robert Lemen, the oldest son, was raised at New Design. In the 
 year 1805 he married Hester Tolin. He settled in Ridge prairie 
 four or five miles to the north of where the town of O'Fallon now 
 is. Under the administration of John Quincy Adams he acted as 
 Marshal for the state of Illinois. He also served as Justice of the 
 Peace. In early times he acted as clerk of the Richland Baptist 
 church, and was one of the original members of the Bethel church, 
 organized in 1809, of which he was clerk till 1845. He died in 
 1860. Rev. Joseph Lemen was born in September, 1 785, and was 
 
 The oil! Wliitesides st.ition waa about midway between the present 
 towns of Waterloo and Columbia in Monroe county. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 51 
 
 not a year old when the family reached Illinois. He became a min- 
 ister of the Baptist church, and settled in Ridge prairie north of the 
 site of O'Fallon. His wife was Mary Kinney, the youngest daugh- 
 ter of Joseph Kinney, and brother of William Kinney, at one time 
 lieutenant governor of the state. It is said that she went to school 
 and learned to read and write aftt r she was married She became 
 the mother of a large and respectable family. Joseph Lemeu was 
 active in his ministerial labors, trayeled over the country, and or- 
 ganized many Baptist churches. His death occured in 1861. Rev. 
 James Lemen. Jr., was born in the New Design settlement in 1787, 
 and there acquired a good education under the instruction of the 
 Rev. John Clark, one of the most active and useful of the pioneer 
 preachers of Illinois. Mr. Lemen was said to be the first ordained 
 preacher in Illinois born iu the territory. He married Mary PuUiam 
 in 1813, and settled in Ridge prairie. He was a member of the 
 Territorial Legislature at Kaskaskia, and also filled the same office 
 after the organization of the state government. He was a member 
 of the convention which framed the first constitution of the state. 
 Twice he was a member of the State Senate. He died in February, 
 1870. 
 
 It may be remarked that one cause of the removal of the Ogle 
 and Lemen families to Illinois, was their opposition to slavery. 
 This was the case also with a number of other prominent families of 
 the county, who came at a later date. At that early day, half a 
 century before any general agitation of the question began, they 
 became opposed to the system, liberated their slaves, and moved to 
 a place where the institution was not likely to be adopted. 
 
 John PuUiam, who emigrated to Illinois iu 1795, was the head of 
 a large family, many of the descendants of whom still reside in St. 
 Clair county. He was born in Botetourt county, Va., and removed 
 to Kentucky immediately after the revolutionary war. He 
 came to the New Design settlement, and, in the year 1797, settled 
 in Missouri at Florissant west of St. Louis. He returned to Illi- 
 nois in 1799, and after living for a time in the Horse Prairie, in 
 the northern part of Randolph county, in the year 1802, he made 
 a farm on the Prairie du Long creek, luear the mouth of Richland 
 creek in the present county of Monroe, lie sold this place, and in 
 1808 began the improvement of a farm on the Kaskaskia river 
 near the present town of Fayetteville in the south-eastern part of 
 the county. Here he died in the year 1812. Of his nine children 
 — Robert, Nancy, Elizabeth, John, Lucinda, James, Thomas, Ruth, 
 and Mary — several lived and died in St. Clair county. 
 
 Nancy married William Lot Whitesides, who, shortly after 1800, 
 settled three miles east of Belleville. John Pulliam settled near 
 the present city of Belleville at an early day. Lucinda became 
 the wife of Joseph Ogle, son of Captain Joseph Ogle. 
 
 James Pulliam, who was eight or nine years of age when he 
 came with the family to Illinois, married Judith Whitesides, and 
 settled two miles east of where Belleville now is. He was a man 
 of considerable information, and an able Baptist preacher. He was 
 liberal iu his support of religious and educational institutions. He 
 died in 1854. 
 
 Thomas Pulliam became a minister of the Methodist Church, and 
 also engaged in farming. He was the founder of the present town 
 of Fayetteville, where he was living at the time of his death in 1852. 
 
 Mary, the youngest daughter of John Pulliam, was about a year 
 old when she came with her parents to Illinois. Her mother dying 
 when she was small ; she was raised by her sister Nancy, the wife of 
 William Lot Whitesides, who lived east of Belleville. In Decem- 
 ber, 1813, she became the wife of the Rev. James Lemen, junior ; 
 she died on Ridge prairie in February, 1876, at the age of eighty- 
 one. From childhood her life had been spent in St. Clair county. 
 
 Larken Rutherford was one of the soldiers under Col. Clark, who 
 took part in the conquest of Illinois. He was a man of large, athletic 
 frame, and was bold and fearless. He returned to Illin..is in 1781 
 in company with James Moore, Shadrach Bond, Robert Kidd, and 
 James Garrison. This was the first colony of American families 
 to settle iu Illinois. Moore and Rutherford chose a situation near 
 Bellefontaine, a short distance south-west of the present town of 
 Waterloo in Monroe county. Bond, Kidd and Garrison settled in 
 the Bottom. 
 
 Soon after 1800, Rutherford moved to St. Clair county, and set- 
 tled north of Belleville. He was an energetic and zealous member 
 of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Another of the soldiers of Col. Clark was William Biggs, who 
 subsequently became a prominent citizen of St. Clair county. He 
 was born in Maryland in the year 1755, and in Clark's expedition 
 to Illinois, in 1778 and 1779, was one of his subordinate officers, 
 holding the rank of lieutenant. Congress, in the year 1826, gave 
 him a grant of three sections of land in consideration of his services 
 during the Illinois campaigns. He returned from Virginia to Illi- 
 nois soon after the revolution, and, in company with two brothers, 
 settled at Bellefontaine near the present town of Waterloo. 
 
 Gov. St. Clair, in 1790, appointed him sheriff of St. Clair 
 county. He was kind and obliging in the office, and became a 
 popular citizen. He was elected a representative in the legislature 
 of the north- west cm territory for two different terms. It is said 
 that Biggs and Sha Jrach Bond, when doing military service iu Illi- 
 nois, in 1778, made up their minds to returu to Illinois, and in 
 discussing the subject between themselves, they humorously re- 
 marked that they might yet represent the Illinois country in the 
 legislature. They were both members of the first general assembly 
 of the territory, which convened west of the Ohio after the revolution. 
 
 Biggs served for a number of years as justice of the peace, and 
 judge of the court of common pleas of St. Clair county. It is said 
 that he held one of the sessions of the court in a corn crib. In 
 1808 he was elected a member of the legislature of Indiana ter- 
 ritory, and was infiueutialin obtaining a division of the territory. 
 From 1812 to 1816 he represented St. Clair couuty in the general 
 assembly of the territory of Illinois. Shortly after the year loOO 
 he settled three miles and a-half north-east of Belleville, on land 
 adjoining the Kinney Place. Toward the close of his life he 
 engaged in the manufacture of salt on Silver creek in Madison 
 county and died in 1827. 
 
 George and William Blair came to Illinois in 1796. The former 
 first lived between the old Whitesides' station and the town of Wa- 
 terloo in the present county of Monroe, and had a distillery there. 
 He was appointed sheriff of St. Clair county, and held that office 
 for several years. In 1802 he moved with his family to the site of 
 the present city of Belleville, where he owned two hundred acres of 
 land, on which the town of Belleville was located in the year 1814. 
 He is said to have applied the name of Belleville to the new 
 county-seat. Further mention of his name will be found iu the 
 history of Belleville. 
 
 The "sugar-loaf" tract of land south of Cahokia, near the 
 Monroe couuty line, was first improved by George Lunceford and 
 Samuel Judy. Judy sold out to Lunceford, shortly after the open- 
 ing of the present century, and w^ent to the present couuty of 
 Madis- .n, where he died. The " sugar-loaf" was a well-known land- 
 mark iu the early settlement of the country. A small mound rises 
 on the top of the rocky bluff. In early times a peach tree stood on 
 the summit of this mound, which had the reputation of nev>-r fail- 
 ing to bear fruit. Its resemblance to a sugar-loaf gives the name 
 to the place. It is five or six miles south of Cahokia. 
 
52 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Among the distinguished citizens of St. Clair county was "Wil- 
 liam Kinney, who, in the year 1826, was elected lieutenant-governor 
 of the state. 
 
 He was born in Kentucky in the year 1781, and in 1793 emi- 
 grated, with his father, Joseph Kinney, to the New Design settle- 
 ment in Monroe county. He was thirteen years of age when he 
 came to Illinois, and at nineteen he married. He was gay and 
 social in his disposition, and was a leader in the festivities and 
 amusements then common on the frontier. He inherited a strong 
 and solid mind and a sound judgment. His memory was retentive. 
 His energy and activity boundless, and he received but little 
 scholastic education. It is said that he went to school regularly only 
 three months. 
 
 After he was married he was taught by John Messinger to read 
 and write. The arithmetic he mastered by his own unaided efforts. 
 For a time he attended a school at the junction of the Collinsville 
 road with the Belleville and Lebanon plank-road, which was held in 
 a log-house with a wooden chinmey, without ceiling or windows, and 
 without a glass in the house. The floor was of puncheons, and the 
 door made of clap-boards. 
 
 With this foundation, he became a man of intelligence, and was 
 one of the most prominent, popular, and influential characters of 
 his day. He possessed a fund of wit, excelled in satire and sarcasm, 
 was always ready with a pertinent and telling anecdote, while his 
 sound judgment and accurate knowledge of humau nature taught 
 him how to use these gifts in the most effective manner. At the time 
 of his marriage he was destitute of worldly means, and had little 
 disposition to accumulate property. But he soon adopted a more 
 sober and industrious course of conduct. In the year 1803 he set- 
 tled on a beautiful and commanding eminence a few miles north- 
 east of the present city of Belleville. In the labor of making a 
 farm he was assisted by his wife, who was an excellent and amiable 
 lady. His surplus articles of produce, raised by his own hand on 
 his farm, he sold in St Louis and Cakokia. 
 
 Mr. Vonphul, a merchant of St. Louis, persuaded Kinney to 
 take some few articles of merchandise home with him and try to 
 sell them. If he could not sell them he might return them. After 
 some hesitation Kinney took the goods, consisting of a few bolts of 
 domestic manufactured cotton-cloth, which he carried before him on 
 his horse from St. Louis to his farm. 
 
 At that time he could barely write, and knew nothing of book- 
 keeping, but his strong natural talents enabled him to invent a 
 system of book-keeping for himself With this humble commence- 
 ment, he embarked in a prosperous business career, in which he 
 acquired a large fortune. He traded in merchandise and lands and 
 in everything was successful. He erected a comfortable house, 
 which was almost always crowded with his friends, and in which 
 he exercised an unsparing hospitality. 
 
 In 1809 he became connected with the Baptist Church. He was 
 authorized to preacli . the Gospel, and became a distinguished and 
 influential Bajitist minister. 
 
 After reaching maturity he entered the field of politics. He was 
 a staunch and uncompromising democrat, and at all times main- 
 tained the doctrines of his party with sincere enthusiasm. He was 
 elected a member of the first general assembly after the organiza- 
 tion of the State government, and a-sisted in putting the political 
 machinery of the State in operation. He was several times subse- 
 quently chosen to represent St Clair county in the State legislature, 
 and always acquitted himself with credit as an efficient business 
 member. 
 
 In 1826 ho was a candidate for lieutenant-governor against 
 Samuel H. Thompson, a Luiuister of the Methodist Church. Gov. 
 
 Kinney was considered one of the most efficient canvassers of the 
 day. His great knowledge of human nature enabled him to suc- 
 ceed. He was elected by a small majority, though the candidate 
 for governor on the same ticket, Thomas Sloo, was defeated. In 
 1830 he was a candidate for governor in opposition to Governor 
 John Reynolds, the campaign being one of the most exciting ever 
 known in the State. Both were democrats ; Kinney was supported 
 by the ultra-Jackson democrats, while Reynolds was favored by the 
 more conservative elements in the democratic party, and also re- 
 ceived in general the votes of the whigs, who preferred his election 
 to that of such an uncompromising democrat as Kinney. The 
 campaign wai commenced in the spring of 1829, and lasted till the 
 election, in 1830. It resulted in the election of Reynolds. During 
 the Jackson administration Gov. Kinney possessed much influence, 
 and often visited Washington. He was regarded as the represen- 
 tative in Illinois of the straight-out Jackson party. Toward the 
 close of his life he was appointed commissioner of internal im- 
 provements, a position which gave him much trouble, and was a 
 serious injury to his fortune. He died on his farm, where he had 
 lived for forty years in the year 1843. This place subsequently 
 became the residence of Hon. J. L. D. Morrison, and the fine resi- 
 dence erected by Morrison is known as '• Glen Addie." Sometime 
 since Morrison sold this property. 
 
 Joiin Messinger, an early settler at Clinton Hill, two miles and 
 a half north of Belleville, kept the first post-office in the county, 
 outside of Cahokia. Messinger was an accomplished surveyor, 
 and surveyed a large portion of the land in this and adjoining 
 counties. He was born at West Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in the 
 year 1771. He was raised on a farm, and was taught the science 
 and practice of agriculture, and at the same time secured a good 
 education- He was particularly fond of the study of mathematics, 
 which he pursued under the instructions of William Coit, who 
 resided in the neighborhood of his father's residence. He removed 
 to Vermont in 1783, and became acquainted" with the trade of a 
 carpenter or house-builder, and of a millwright. He had a good 
 share of energy and activity, and much aptitude for mechanical 
 pursuits. It is said that in maturer life, his whole delight and 
 pleasure was f 'und in the science of mathematics and the various 
 branches arising out of that science. "His whole life seemed to 
 be tinctured with mathematics," and for many years he was be- 
 lieved to be the most profound mathematician and best land sur- 
 veyor in Illinois. He came to Kentucky in 1799, and to Illinois in 
 ] 802, and after remaining some time in the American Bottom, he 
 removed to the New Design settlement, in the present Monroe 
 county, and in 180-t purchased a mill and premises on Rock House 
 creek, oast of New Design. He repaired the mill, lived there for 
 some years, and then moved to Clinton Hill. 
 
 There were not many opportunities for instruction in those days 
 and Mr. Messinger, who was an excellent English scholar, taught 
 the science of surveying to many young men, and also instructed 
 many grown people, male and female. He was among the first 
 surveyors who, in the year 1806, surveyed this section of the state 
 into townships. During that year he was employed in surveying 
 town six south, range seven west, and the adjacent territory. He 
 did this work as sub-contractor under William Rector. He sur- 
 veyid much of the public domain in St. Clair and Randolph coun- 
 ties. He wrote and published a book called "A Manual, or Hand- 
 Book, Intended for Convenience in Practical Surveying." This 
 work was printed by William Orr, at St. Louis, in the year 1821. 
 For some time he was professor of Mathematics in the Seminary at 
 Rock Spring. In 1815 he was appointed deputy-surveyor, under 
 the surveyor-general of Ohio, Edward Tiffin, with authority to 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 63 
 
 survey the military tract in the forks of the Mississippi and Illinois 
 rivers; he surveyed much of this tract. He was subsequently 
 appointed to assist in the survey of the northern limits of this state; 
 he made part of the astronomical and mathematical calculations by 
 which the line dividing Illinois from the state of Wisconsin was 
 located. He, and Philip Creamer, whose superior skill as a me- 
 chanic is referred to on a previous page, made surveyors' compasses 
 that were as well calculated and as well finished in workmanship 
 as any made in the United States. 
 
 He did not care to take any active part in political aifairs, but 
 several times was prevailed upon to represent St. Clair county in 
 the legislature, both of Indiana territory and the state of Illinois. 
 He was first elected in 1808 to the legislature of Indiana territory, 
 and did much to secure the division of the territory, which took 
 place the next year. He was a member of the convention which 
 met at Kaskaskia in the year 1818 and formed the first constitution 
 of the state of Illinois. He was also a member of the first general 
 assembly of this state which convened in 1818, and on its organiza- 
 tion, was elected speaker of the House of Representatives. His 
 death occurred in the year 1846. He had no enemies, but a large 
 number of friends mourned his departure. 
 
 The Badgleys, who are among the early settlers of St. Clair 
 county, are the descendants of Anthony Badgley, of New Jersey, 
 who settled in Virginia, and died about the year 1800. The Rev. 
 David Badgley, a Baptist preacher, visited Illinois in 1796 ; he 
 preached in the New Design settlement, and founded there the first 
 Baptist church in existence in Illinois. He also visited Missouri. 
 On his return from Missouri he preached a sermon from a rock in 
 the Mississippi river, the people gathering to hear him from either 
 shore — doubtless the first Baptist sermon preached along the Missis- 
 sippi. Returning to Virginia, he gave such a favorable account of 
 the country that his sons and a number of other persons deter- 
 mined to emigrate to Illinois. The colony consisted of a large 
 number of families, among which were the Teters, Carrs, Millers, 
 Strouds and Eymans. They floated down the Ohio in flatboats 
 from Brownsville to Shawneetown, and thence made their way 
 overland to Kaskaskia, which place they reached on the 4th of 
 July, 1797. Nothing but an Indian trail at that time led from 
 Shawneetown to Kaskaskia. The streams, swollen with rains, they 
 were compelled to swim. Their goods, and the women and the 
 children were ferried over on temporary rafts. No trace of a white 
 man was seen till they reached Kaskaskia. They saw animals 
 running off at a distance, which some thought to be buflTalo, and 
 others elk. 
 
 David Badgley settled in the American Bottom, west of More- 
 dock lake, in the present county of Monroe, in 1797 or 1798. He 
 moved to a place a few miles north of Belleville, (in section 4 of 
 township 1 north, range 8 west) in the year 1804. He improved a 
 farm, on which he died on the 16th of December, 1824, at the age 
 of seventy-six. 
 
 Anthony Badgley, brother of David Badgley, who accompanied 
 the latter from Virginia in 1797, first settled in the New Design 
 settlement, in Monroe county, but in 1804 moved north of Belleville, 
 and began improving a farm in section 34 of township 2 north, 
 range 8 west. He at that date built a log house which is still pre- 
 served in memory of one of the hardy pioneers of the county. He 
 died in 1837 at the age of seventy-seven. He has a son, Simeon 
 Badgley, still living within a stone's-throw of the place where his 
 father settled, and where he was born. His youngest daughter, 
 Eliza Dixon, is also still living in that locality. Hiram Badgley, one 
 of the sons of Anthony Badgley, took part in the war of 1812, and 
 was in Howard's campaign up the Mississippi, against the Indians. 
 
 Aaron Badgley, one of the sons of David Badgley, settled on the 
 Horse Prairie, west of Red Bud, in 1797, and while living there his 
 wife and two childrea died. In 1800 he married Catharine Stroud, 
 and settled on the bluff" south of Waterloo, and in 1804 moved north 
 of Belleville, settling in section 4 of township 1 north, range 8 west. 
 In 181'2 he became a ranger, and was an orderly sergeant through 
 Edwards' campaign. On his return, he visited Virginia in com- 
 pany with his father, but coming back to Illinois, he rejoined the 
 army under Capt. Stuntz, and served until peace was declared. In 
 1830 he was chosen justice of the peace, and was afterwards re- 
 elected. He and his son, Adam Badgley, hauled the first goods 
 from Belleville to Springfield for Governor Edwards. It was in 
 the winter ; they were obliged to sleep out on the prairie, and came 
 near perishing with cold. Aarou Badgley died in the year 1858 at 
 the age of eighty-five. His wife survived him several years, and 
 died when ninety-one. He has three sons now living, Elijah, Adam 
 and Strander. Elijah is now seventy-niue years of age, and is now 
 among the oldest native-born citizens in Illinois. Aaron Badgley's 
 four brothers, sons of Rev. David Badgley, — Ichabod, David, Job 
 and Abraham Badgley, — were all among the early pioneers of the 
 Illinois country. 
 
 Ichabod Badgley opened a farm north of Belleville, which is now 
 owned by his grandchildren. He served as justice of the peace. 
 David Badgley was killed by being thrown against a tree while 
 riding a horse which had taken fright ; his son Absalom is still 
 living at a ripe old age. Job Badgley built an ox mill near Unity 
 Church; he has two sons still living. Abraham Badgley was 
 elected assessor, treasurer, and county commissioner suveral times ; 
 he has three sons living at this date. 
 
 Among the early settlers connected with the development of the 
 manufacturing interests of the county, the Harrison famiiy de- 
 serves mention. Thomas Harrison was born in the York district. 
 South Carolina, in the year 1779. His father moved to Ruther- 
 ford county. North Carolina ; then settled in Georgia ; afterward 
 removed to Buncombe county. North Carolina, and from that point, 
 Thomas Harrison and some others emigrated to Illinois in July, 
 1804. Mr. Harrison and some others settled the same year three 
 or four miles south-west from the present city of Belleville. Mr. 
 Harrison here improved a farm, and in the year 1818, erected a 
 cotton gin, one of the first in Illinois. It was propelled by horse- 
 power. At that date considerable cotton was cultivated, but the 
 price afterward became reduced so low, that the cotton business and 
 the gin were abandoned. It is said that James Gilbreath, who 
 settled on Silver croek, near where it is crossed by the road leading 
 from Belleville to Shawneetown, built the first cotton gin ever seen 
 in the Illinois country. Mr. Harrison subsequently purchased an 
 oxtread-mill in Belleville ; then built a small steam mill, and then 
 a larger one which was burnt, and with it more than sixty thousand 
 bushels of wheat. His enterprise gave the first impetus to the 
 growth of the milling interests of Belleville, now so important. His 
 descendants are still largely connected with the manufacturing in- 
 terests of the town. 
 
 A few miles from the mouth of Silver creek, Abraham Teter, his 
 sister, Mrs. Shook, and Peter Mitchell began making improvements 
 in 1804. Peter Mitchell served as justice of the peace and county 
 commissioner, and was a respected citizen. 
 
 Another settlement on Silver creek was made by the Bradsby 
 family, about three miles north from the present town of Lebanon, 
 at the edge of the Looking Glass prairie. William H. Bradsby, 
 the oldest son, came from Kentucky with two other > oung men in 
 the spring of 1804, and made an improvement and raised a crop of 
 corn. The family followed them from Kentucky in the fall. At 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the time this settlement was made, it was seven or eight miles in 
 advance of the other inhabitants. Mr. Bradsby taught school for 
 severalyears in various parts of the county. In the year 1806, he 
 had a school in the American Bottom, almost west of the present 
 town of Collinsville, and the next year he had charge of another in 
 the Turkey Hill settlement. His two sons, William H., and" James 
 Bradsby, were in the ranging service during the war of 181'2-14, 
 and made good soldiers. William H. Bradsby returned to Ken- 
 tucky and qualified himself for the practice of medicine, and then 
 came back to Illinois. He was elected a member of the legislature 
 in 1814. He was a resident of Washington county at the time it 
 was organized, and filled a number of public oflices in that county. 
 He lived at Covington for a number of years. Among the settlers 
 on Silver creek in 1807, was Thomas Higgins. His name deserves 
 a place in history for his heroic adventure with the Indians in 1814, 
 at a block house on Shoal creek about eight miles south of 
 the present town of Greenville in Bond county, further mention of 
 which is made in the chapter on patriotism. Higgins was related 
 to the Bradsbys, and settled near them, north of Lebanon, on com- 
 ing to Illinois. 
 
 Abraham Varner settled east of Belleville about the year 1804. 
 He established himself in the blacksmith business on the main 
 traveled road, leading from Viucenues to Cahokia and St. Louis. 
 His place was four miles east from the present city of Belleville. 
 
 Jabez and Curtis Moore came to St. Clair county previous to the 
 year 1812, and settled five miles east of Belleville. Kisdon Moore, 
 in his day, was a conspicuous and popular citizen of St. Clair county, 
 came to Illinois from Georgia in the year 1812. Beside his own fa- 
 mily he brought with him his wife's mother, Mrs. Dent ; a nephew, 
 W. D. Moore, a Mr. Deshields and wife, and seventeen colored per- 
 sons. His object in removing to Illinois was to get rid of slavery. 
 During the summer of 1812, he cultivated a crop on the farm of 
 William Sdott at Turkey Hill, and the next fall purchased land of 
 John Jarvis, four miles east of Belleville, where he resided till his 
 death in the year 1828. He took an active part in public afl^airs. 
 He was one of the judges of the county court, and was several times 
 elected to the legislature both under the territorial and the state 
 government- He served as speaker of the house of representatives. 
 He warmly opposed the attempt to make Illinois a slave state, and 
 in the contest in the legislature during 1822-3, over the emancipa- 
 tion of the slaves held by the French, he did all in his power to aid 
 the cause of freedom. His oldest son, William Moore, served as a 
 captain during the war of 1812. He married Margaret Alexander, 
 and settled on a farm east of Belleville. He was an ardent Whig 
 in politics, and a supporter of Adams and Clay. He commanded a 
 company of soldiers in the Black Hawk war, both during 1831 and 
 1832, and was also tendered the command of a company in the war 
 with Mexico. He served several times as assessor and surveyor, 
 and twice represented St Clair county in the lower hou-^e of the 
 General Assembly. He was a Methodist, and for many years a 
 local preacher. At the time of his death in the year 1849, he was 
 president of the joint board of trustees of McKendree college. Se- 
 veral of the other children of Eisdon Moore resided for many years 
 in the county. A son, Jonathan Moore, married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of George Lunceford, for a time resided in the " Sugar L(jaf " 
 farm at the foot of the bluifs, south of Cahokia, in 1833 purchased 
 his father's old farm, and in 1850, removed to Lebanon. He served 
 in the Black Hack war. 
 
 Another Risdon Moore became a resident of St. Clair county in 
 1817, and settled five miles and a half east of Belleville. Heserved 
 once or twice in the state senate, and was a leading member of the 
 Hard Shell Baptist church. One of his sons. Atlas Moore, moved 
 
 near Risdon in the south-eastern part of the county, and for several 
 years was a Missionary Baptist preacher. Another son, Daniel T., 
 settled in the north-east part of the county, and represented St. Clair 
 county in the legislature. 
 
 William A. Beaird, who for a number of years served as sheriff 
 of St. Clair county, came with his father to this state in the year 
 1801, and settled on the east side of the Kaskaskia river, four miles 
 north-east of Kaskaskia. His family had previously resided in 
 Tennessee and Kentucky. His father, John Beaird, was a brave and 
 energetic man of strong and comely person, and was invariably se- 
 lected as a leader in the troubles, which the pioneers of East Tennes- 
 see experienced with the Indians. In May, 1793, with fifty men 
 under his command, he pursued the Indians across the Tennessee ri- 
 ver, and succeeded in killing several. He represented Knox county, 
 Tennessee, in the state legislature. He subsequently removed to 
 Wayne county, Kentucky, and from thereto Illinois, where he died 
 in 1809. Thefamily were relatives of Gov. Reynolds. One of his 
 sous, Joseph A. Beaird, resided for a time at Cahokia, and with him 
 Reynolds made his home when he embarked in the practice of law 
 He represented Monroe county in the General Assembly for several 
 sessions, and died in 1829. William A. Beaird naturally possessed 
 a good mind, but obstinately refused to become educated or to receive 
 any information through the medium of books or printing. He had, 
 however, by observation and intercourse with the people acquired 
 much practical knowledge. He never married. He was kind and 
 benevolent in his disposition, and was always ready and willing to 
 assist any one in trouble or distress. He was appointed deputy 
 sheriff in 1815, and acted as such till the organization of the state 
 government in 1818, and then was elected sheritfof St. Clair county, 
 and was afterward re-elected five different times. Altogether he 
 acted as sheriff from 1815 to 1830. He was popular with the 
 people, and kind and indulgent in his administration of the sheriff's 
 office. He died at Belleville in 1843 
 
 Among the former citizens of St. Clair county, perhaps none 
 have led a more distinguished and useful life than the Rev. John 
 M. Peck, D.D., who moved to Rock Spring, near Lebanon, in 1821, 
 and died thtre in 1857. Few men have compressed more active 
 labors in a Jife-tinie. He was born at Litchfield, Connecticut, on 
 the thirty-first of October, 1789. At the age of twenty he was 
 married, and in 1811 moved to Greene county, New York, and the 
 same year began to preach in the Baptist churches of that part of 
 the state. In 1813 he was ordaintd as a regular minister, and in 
 1817 was sent to St. Louis in the interest of Baptist missions. He 
 at once began the work of evangelization, and preached extensively 
 through Missouri and Illinois. In 1821 he moved to Rock Spring, 
 and a few years afterward founded there a theological school called 
 the Rock Spring Seminary. In 1829 he issued the first number 
 of the Pioneer, the first religious newspaper ever published in the 
 West. His frequent travels over the country brought him into 
 such prominence, that he was frequently consulted by letter by a 
 large number of persons who proposed to emigrate to the West, 
 and wished definite knowledge of certain localities. To meet this 
 demand for information, he published the "Guide for Emigrants." 
 In 1834 he published the " Gazetteer of Illinois," in which was 
 contained a concise and accurate description of each county, town, 
 settlement, stream and prairie in the state. An enlarged edition 
 of this work appeared in 1837. He was also the author of several 
 other volumes. All this ti^ie he was busy with his ministerial 
 labors ; assisted in founding educational institutions ; formed Bible 
 societies; organized Sunday-schools; established churches, and 
 made frequent visits to other states. His health finally failed, and 
 he died in March, la57. By nature he was gifted with a strong 
 
HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 55 
 
 and vigorous intellect, and in addition possessed an energy and 
 activity that shrank from no labor. He was admirably fitted for 
 western pioneer life. He was hardy, self-denying, courageous and 
 independent. For forms and theories he had little respect. Few 
 men of his day were more influential in guiding the thoughts and 
 forming the institutions of the West. He gave his whole power, 
 physical and intellectual, to his work, to which even the social 
 affections seemed subordinated. A story is told of him to the effect 
 that, after having been absent some months from his family, while 
 acting as Secretary of the American Baptist Publication Society in 
 Philadelphia, he reached home by the stage in the morning, and, 
 unobserved by any of his family, went into his study, and finding 
 a great accumulation of letters and papers during his absence, soon 
 became absorbed in their examination. Late in the afternoon 
 some member of the family, to his great surprise, found him in his 
 study peering over his papers. 
 
 Gov. John Reynolds became a resident of St. Clair county in 
 1814, in the beginning of which year he opened a law-office at Ca- 
 hokia. He was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, on tFie 
 twenty-sixth of February, 1788. His father, Eobert Reynolds, 
 and his mother, Margaret Moore, were natives of Ireland. Whtn 
 he was about six months old, his parents moved to East Tennessee, 
 near Knoxville, which town, however, was not founded till tliree 
 years later. In the year 1800 his father, with his family, left Ten- 
 nessee with the intention of settling in Missouri, then under the 
 government of Spain. Arriving at Kaskaskia, he was induced to 
 remain in Illinois, and settled two miles and a half east of Kaskas- 
 kia. Eobert Reynolds was elected representative from Randolph 
 county to the Indiana territorial legislature, and also held the office 
 of judge of the Court of Common Pleas and justice of the peace. 
 In 1807 the family moved to a location in the Goshen settlement, 
 at the foot of the Mississippi bluff, three or four miles southwest of 
 Edwardsville. In 1809 he went to East Tennessee, and attended 
 college in Knox county, near the residence of his uncle, John Rey- 
 nolds. He was back in Illinois by the time of the breaking out of 
 the war of 1«12, and enlisted as private in a company of rangers. 
 He began the practice of law iu 1814, and in 1818, on the organi- 
 zation of the state government, was elected by the legislature one 
 of the associate judges of the supreme court. He held this position 
 till 1834. He was several times afterward chosen to the state 
 legislature, and in 1830, after an exciting canvass, with William 
 Kinney as his opponent, was elected Governor. During his admin- 
 istration occurred the Black Hawk war. In 1834 he" was elected 
 a member of CongKss, but was defeattd for that office in 1836. 
 He was again elected iu 1838. In 1837 he was engaged in the 
 construction of a railroad six miles long from the foot of the bluff 
 to the Mississippi opposite St. Louis. It was built with the purpose 
 of conveying coal to market. This was the first railroad constructed 
 iu the state. . In 1839 he was appointed by Gov. Carlin commis- 
 eioner to secure a loan for the completion of the Illinois and Michi- 
 gan canal, and in the summer of that year visited Europe. He 
 was subsequently twice chosen a member of the legislature, in 1846 
 and in 1852, and when last a member, was made speaker of the 
 house of representatives. He was the author of several works. 
 His " Pioneer History of Illinois " has been widely read, and con- 
 tains graphic and original descriptions of the men who figured in 
 the early history of the state, and of the incidents and customs of 
 pioneer times. " My Own Times," a later work, is not so well 
 known, but deserves careful reading. He died at Belleville on the 
 8th of May, 1865. Further mention of his name will be found in 
 the chapter on. the Bench and Bar. 
 Among the arrivals in 1817 was Samuel Mitchell, who settled 
 
 southeast of Belleville, where Reutchler station now is. The next 
 year his brother, Edward Mitchell, came to the county. The Rev. 
 Edward and Samuel Mitchell were born in Cecil County, Maryland, 
 the first mentioned in 1760. They both served through the Revo- 
 lutionary war, Edward Mitchell filling the position of quarter- 
 master. They moved to the Valley of Virginia at an early date, 
 settling near Fincastle, the county seat of Botetourt county. They 
 were among the first converts to Methodism in that part of the 
 state, and were both men of ability and great moral worth. Both 
 were ministers in the Methodist church. Edward Mitchell settled 
 at Turkey Hill, about a mile soiith of his brother, and lived there 
 till his death in the year 1837, at the age of seventy-eight. James 
 Mitchell, one of the sons of Edward Mitchell, was one of the early 
 postmasters at Belleville, and continued several years in the office. 
 Three of his children are now living, one of whom is Mrs. Susan 
 Dennis of Belleville. Samuel Mitchell moved to Galena, and lived 
 to an old age. There are persons now living in the county who 
 heard him preach in his eightieth year. Soon after their settlement 
 in the county, with the aid of the few living near, Samuel and Ed- 
 ward Mitchell built a house of worship, that was used for many 
 years both as a church and school-house. For a long period the 
 ordinances of religion were regularly administered without money 
 and without price. Three sons of Rev. Samuel Mitchell became 
 ministers of the gospel. Edward Mitchell was accompanied by his 
 sons-in-law, John Henry Dennis and Major Washington West, and 
 a number of blacks, the whole constituting a colony of fifty-seven 
 persons. John Henry Dennis settled in 1818 on a farm three miles 
 south (jf Belleville. He was a gentleman of the old school, and 
 had obtained a thorough education at Harapden-Sidney College in 
 Virginia He abandoned his farm iu 1824, and removed to Belle- 
 ville. At the request of Gov. Ninian pjdwards. a great patron of 
 learning, he engaged in teaching, to which he devoted his time 
 during the remainder of his life. Many of his pupils attained dis- 
 tinction at the bar, in the professions, and in the different walks of 
 life. The scho.jl which Mr. Dennis siarted jn Belleville was the 
 first in the state in which an opportunity was given for the study 
 of Hebrew, Greek and Latin languages, and the higher mathema- 
 tics. For a number of years it continued to draw students from 
 St. Louis and points as far east as the Wabash river. Mr Dennis 
 acted as justice of the peace, and in latter years served as county 
 superintendent of schools. 
 
 Major Washington AVest, who in the year 1818 settled on what 
 is known as the West prairie, a mile south of Belleville, was the 
 son of Benjamin West, a native of Maryland, and a soldier for 
 seven years iu the Revolutionary war. Major West was born in 
 Maryland. After the Revolution the family moved to Botetourt 
 county, Virginia. On his emigration to this state. Major West was 
 accompanit'd by his pariiuts, then nearly eighty years of age. He 
 had acquired his military title by service in the war of 1812. He 
 commanded a company of Virginia troops stationed for a time at 
 Norfolk, Virginia. He died in the yfar 1863 at the age of eighty- 
 five. 
 
 In the year 1819 Tilghnian H. West and John H. Gay arrived 
 from Botetourt county, Virginia. The former settled four miles 
 east of Belleville, within half a mile of his father-in-law, the Rev. 
 Edward Mitchell, on the farm owned for a number of years by the 
 Hilgards. Several of his children are living. Gay remained in 
 Belleville till 1824, and then removed to St. Louis, where he be- 
 came an active and prominent business man and a wealthy citizen. 
 
 The summer succeeding the arrival of the Mitchell and other 
 families from Botetourt county, Virginia, was a period of universal 
 sickness. To the Virginians the change from the cold spring water 
 
56 
 
 EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 and invigorating air of the mountains to the suffocating heat of the 
 summer months and the indifferent water which could be obtained 
 from shallow wells and stagnant pools, was neither agreeable nor 
 healthful. The air was laden with malaria from the decay of the 
 exuberant growth of vegetation, and sickness held its dull and tire- 
 some sway in nearly every household. The best physicians from 
 the East found themselves incompetent to treat the prevalent dis- 
 eases with success ; proper remedies were hard to be obtained ; 
 nourishing food was secured only in insufficient quantities — alto- 
 gether the colonists received an unfavorable impression of the 
 country, and regarded Illinois as exceedingly unhealthy. 
 
 At that date (1818) the settlements were so sparse that seldom 
 did neighbors live nearer than two miles to each other. The prai- 
 ries, which were of almost illimitable extent, were covered in sum- 
 mer with grass and weeds that grew as high as the head of a man 
 when on horseback, and over them, when the frosts of fall had i'ol- 
 lowed the bleaching rains and heats of summer, swept with the 
 speed of the wind, the prairie fire. Game was abundant. So nu- 
 merous were the wolves and coyotes, that it required constant 
 watchfulness by day, and safe enclosures at night, to protect the 
 domestic animals from destruction. Although there were very few, 
 if any, buffalo east of the Mississippi, bear and elk had not disap- 
 peared, and deer, sometimes in herds of fifty and sixty, could be 
 seen in the spring feeding on the luxuriant, wild, prairie grasses. 
 Turkeys were plentiful, and grouse, or prairie-hens, as they were 
 called, were in such countless numbers, that in the fall when they 
 would fly into the corn-fields in the evening to feed, the sound, 
 when alighting or rising, was like distant thunder. When mast 
 was abundant in autumn, wild pigeons would come in numberless 
 myriads ; in their flight flocks could be seen extending more than 
 five miles in length, and passing for many consecutive hours, to 
 other feeding grounds or their nightly roosts. 
 
 Joseph McClintock, a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, 
 reached St. Clair county with his family, then consisting of eight 
 children, on the 23d of November, 1818. He settled four miles 
 south of Belleville. Joseph McClintock died there in 1846. Three 
 of the children are now living, and one, William McClintock, re- 
 sides in St. Clair county, on a farm adjoining the city of Belleville. 
 He was born in Nicholas county, Kentucky, in December, 1802, 
 and was nearly sixteen when he came to this county. He moved 
 to Belleville in 1827, and began the mercantile business. He after- 
 ward served as justice of the peace, and in 1843, was appointed 
 county clerk, to till the vacancy occasioned by the suicide of James 
 M. Reynolds, a nephew of Gov. Reynolds. He filled the county 
 clerk's office till the close of the year 1849. He is now one of the 
 oldest citizens of the county. One of his brothers, James McClin- 
 tock, served as assessor and collector of the county, and now lives 
 in Hancock county of this state. 
 
 The south-east part of the county, east of the Kaskaskia river, 
 was settled in the year 1810, by the families of Hecox, Stubblefield. 
 Perkins, Beasley, Nat Hill and James and Reuben Lively. When 
 the Indian troubles began during the war of 1812, they built a 
 block house for protection against the Indians. William Pendle- 
 ton, Andrew Free and Isaac Rainey, were early settlers in this part 
 of the county, making their homes there in the year 1817. The 
 Lands, Dials, and Cooks came about the same time. Isaac Rainey, 
 a naiive of Tennessee, laid off the towu of Darmstadt, and died in 
 that neighborhood in 1871. Jefferfeon Rainey, now a resident of 
 Belleville, was born in that part of the county in 1820. He was 
 elected to the state senate in 1875. 
 
 Several families from the eastern states, among which are those 
 of Cakb Barker, William Fowler, Abel Thompson, Timothy Hig- 
 
 gins and Deacon Samuel Smith, came to the county in 1817 and 
 1818. Caleb Barker settled in what is now West Belleville, Wil- 
 liam Fowler settled on the east branch of Richland creek, three 
 miles south of Belleville. He afterwards engaged in the carpenter- 
 ing business, and did the wood-work for the first brick court house 
 at Belleville. His health failing he moved to California. Deacon 
 Samuel Smith settled on Richland creek, east of Douglas, and lived 
 and died there, and left several descendants in the county. Timothy 
 Higgins settled about a mile south of Georgetown. In the year 
 1817, the English settlement in Prairie du Long was formed by the 
 families of Bamber, Wiustanley, Threlfell, Coop, Newsham and 
 othtrs. The Woods came to that part of the county in 1806, and 
 the Wildermans in the year 1808. Samuel Ogle, the father of 
 David and Joseph Ogle, settled in 1819 four miles north-west of 
 Belleville, purchasing an improvement first made by George Blair. 
 The farm which he improved is now on the macadamized road lead- 
 ing from Belleville to St. Louis. For several years he served as 
 county commissioner. 
 
 In the history of each township will be found more minute men- 
 tion of the pioneer settlers in each part of the county. 
 
 It may be said of all of them that they endured manfully the 
 ■privations of the early settlements ; their bravery drove back the 
 savage, their energy utilized the bountiful resources of nature, and 
 their virtues and intelligence became the basis of our civil govern- 
 ment. They were hospitable and generous to a fault, brave and 
 magnanimous; and their descendants are prepared to appreciate 
 their sacrifices, as well as to enjoy all that has been brought by a 
 higher type of civilization. The changes that have taken place in 
 sixty years seem more like a dream than reality ; cities have sprung 
 up in the wilderness and a population of more than sixty thousand 
 occupies the territory over which then six or eight hundred persons 
 were scattered. 
 
 MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE AMERICAN PIONEERS. 
 
 The early American settlers of St. Clair county were principally 
 from the Southern States of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 Some came from Pennsylvania and Maryland. A New England 
 emigrant was rare. Their sense of independence was one of the 
 marked traits of their character. By the necessities of their situa- 
 tion they were forced into singular and different employments. 
 They were compelled to act as mechanics, to make their plows, har- 
 ness and other farming implements, to tan their leather, to hunt 
 game, while at the signal of danger they unhitched their horses 
 from the plow, and were ready to march to any part of the territory 
 in defence of their homes. 
 
 While the majority of settlers were without means, poverty 
 carried with it no crushing sense of degradation like that felt by the 
 very poor of our day. They lived, it is true, in a cabin, but it was 
 their own, and had been reared by their own hands. Their house, 
 too, while inconvenient and far from water-proof, was built in the 
 prevailing style of architecture, and would compare favorably with 
 the homes of their neighbors. They were destitute of many of the 
 conveniences of life, and of some things that are now considered 
 necessaries; but they patiently endured their lot and hopefully 
 looked forward to better. They had plenty to wear as protection 
 against the weather, and an abundance of wholesome food. They 
 sat down to a rude table to eat from tin or pewter dishes ; but the 
 meat thereon spread— the flesh of the deer or bear ; of the wild 
 duck or turkey ; of the quail or squirrel— was superior to that we 
 eat, and had been won by the skill of the head of the house or of 
 that of his vigorous sons. The bread they ate was made from corn 
 or wheat of their own raising. They walked the green carpet of 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 57 
 
 the grand prairie or forest that surrounded them, not with the air 
 of a beggar, but with the elastic step of a self-respected freeman. 
 
 The settler brought with him the keen axe, which was indispen- 
 sable, and the equally necessary rifle ; the first his weapon of oifence 
 against the forests that skirted the water-courses, and near which 
 he made his home ; the second that of defence from the attacks of 
 his foe, the cunning child of the forest and prairie. His first labor 
 was to fell trees and erect his unpretentious cabin, which was rudely 
 made of logs, and in the raising of which he had the cheerful aid of 
 his neighbors. It was usually from fourteen to sixteen feet square, 
 and never larger than twenty feet, and was frequently built entirely 
 without glass, nails, hinges or locks. 
 
 The manner of building was as follows : First, large logs were 
 laid in position as sills ; on these were placed strong sleepers, and 
 on the sleepers were laid the rough-hewed puncheons, which were 
 to serve as floors. The logs were then built up till the proper height 
 for the eaves was reached ; then on the ends of the building were 
 placed poles, longer than the other end-logs, which projected some 
 eighteen or more inches over the sides, and were called " butting- 
 pole sleepers;" on the projecting ends of these was placed the 
 "butting-pole," which served to give the line to the first row of 
 clap-boards. These were, as a matter of course, split, and as the 
 gables of the cabin were built up, were so laid on as to lap a third 
 of their length. They were often kept in place by the weight of a 
 heavy pole, which was laid across the roof parallel to the ridge-pole. 
 The house was then chinked, and daubed with a coarse mortar. 
 
 A huge fire-place was built at one end of the house, in which fire 
 was kindled for cooking purposes, for the settlers wiere generally 
 without stoves, with which to furnish the needed warmth in winter. 
 The ceiling above was sometimes covered with the pelts of the rac- 
 coon, opossum, and of the wolf, to add to the warmth of the dwell- 
 ing. Sometimes the soft inner bark of the bass wood was used for 
 the same purpose. The cabin was lighted by means of greased 
 paper-windows. A log would be left out along one side, and sheets 
 of strong paper, well greased with coon-grease or bear-oil, would be 
 carefully tacked in. 
 
 The above description only applies to the very earliest times, be- 
 fore the rattle of the saw-mill was heard within our borders. 
 
 The furniture comported admirably with the house itself, and 
 hence, if not elegant, was in most perfect taste. The tables had 
 four legs, and were rudely made from a puncheon. Their seats 
 were stools having three or four legs. The bedstead was in keeping 
 with the rest, and was often so contrived as to permit it to be drawn 
 up and fastened to the wall during the day, thus aSbrding more 
 room to the family. The entire furniture was simple, and was 
 framed with no other tools than an axe and auger. Each was his 
 own carpenter ; and some displayed considerable ingenuity in the 
 construction of implements of agriculture, and utensils, and furni- 
 ture for the kitchen and house. Knives and forks they sometimes 
 had, and sometimes had not. The common table-knife was the 
 pack-knife or butcher-knife. Horse-collars were sometimes made 
 of the plaited husk of the maize sewed together. They were easy 
 on the neck of the horse, and if tug-traces were used, would last a 
 long while. 
 
 The common dress of the American pioneer was very similar. 
 Home-made wool hats were usually worn The covering of the 
 feet were, in winter, mostly moccasins made of deer skin and shoe- 
 packs of tanned leather. In the summer, the greater portion of the 
 young people, male and female, and many of the old, went bare- 
 footed. The substantial and universal outside wear was the blue 
 linsey hunting-shirt. Gov. Reynolds says that this was a most ex- 
 cellent garment, and that he never felt so healthy and happy after. 
 8 
 
 laying it ofi". Many pioneers wore the white blanket coat (the 
 French capot) in the winter. These were made loose with a cap or 
 cape to turn over the head in extreme cold weather. The vest was 
 mostly made of striped liusey. The colors were made with alum, 
 copperas and madder, boiled with the bark of trees, in such manner 
 and proportions as the old ladies prescribed. The shirts worn by 
 the Americans were generally home-made, of flax and cotton ma- 
 terial. Some voyagers and hunters among the' Americans wore 
 calico and checked shirts, but these were not in common use. The 
 pantaloons of the masses were generally deer-skins and linsey, and 
 sometimes a coarse blue cloth was used. In early times factory 
 made goods did not exist. These goods, from New England and 
 Kentucky, reached Illinois about the year 1818, and then looms, 
 and spinning ceased. Every pioneer had a rifle and carried it al- 
 most wherever he went. On the Sabbath a stack of rifles might 
 be seen outside the house of worship while within the congregation 
 were attending service. Almost everybody was a hunter, and a deer 
 was as likely to be seen on Sunday as on any other day of the week. 
 Neat and fine linsey, manufactured at home and colored and woven 
 to suit the fancy, composed the outside garments of the females. 
 A bonnet of calico or some gayly-checked goods, was worn on the 
 head in the open air. Jewelry was unusual. A gold ring was 
 an ornament not often seen.* 
 
 The style of dress began to change about the year 1820. The 
 blue linsey hunting-shirt with red or white fringe gave place to the 
 cloth coat. Boots and shoes supplanted the deer skin moccasin. 
 By the year 1830 a man dressed in the costume of the territory, 
 raccoon-skin cap, hunting-shirt, buckskin breeches and moccasins, 
 with a belt around the waist to which a knife and tomahawk were 
 appended, was rarely to be seen. The female sex made still more 
 rapid progress in adopting modern costumes. 
 
 The pioneers were exceedingly friendly and sociable. A new- 
 comer was heartily welcomed. When a log cabin was to be raised, 
 whether invited or not, they gathered together and enjoyed a back- 
 woods frolic in putting it up. At these house-raisings much sport 
 and amusement were indulged in. The young men and boys tried 
 their strength and skill at jumping, wrestling, and running foot- 
 races. Old and young took part in the game of leap frog. Shoot- 
 ing at marks was practiced among those most skilled in the use of 
 the rifle. Among a group of older men would figure a Kentuckian 
 
 * In these days of furbelows and flounces, when from twenty to thirty yards 
 are required by one fair damsel for a dress, it is refreshing to know that the 
 ladies of that ancient time considered eight yards an extravagant amount to 
 put into one dress. The dress was nsually made plain, with four widths in 
 the skirt, the two front ones cut gored. The waist was made very short, and 
 across the shoulders behind was a draw-string. The sleeves were enormously 
 large, and tapered from shoulder to waist, and the most fashionable — for fash- 
 ion, like love, " rules alike the court and grove" — were padded so as to resem- 
 ble a bolster at the upper part, and were known as " mutton legs," or '' sheep- 
 shank" sleeves. The sleeves were kept in shape often by a heavily starched 
 lining. Those who could afford it used feathers, which gave the sleeve the 
 appearance of an inflated balloon from the elbow up, and were known as 
 " pillow-sleeves. Many bows and ribbons were worn, but scarcely any jewelry. 
 The tow dress was superseded by the cotton gown. Around the neck, instead 
 of a lace collar or elegant ribbon, there was displayed a copperas-colored neck- 
 erchief. In going to church or other public gathering in summer weather, 
 they sometimes walked barefoot till near their destination, and then put on 
 their shoes or moccasins. - They were contenteid, and even happy, without any 
 of the elegant articles of apparel now used by the ladies and considered neces- 
 sary articles of dress. Ruffles, fine laces, silk hats, kid gloves, rings, combs, 
 and jewels, were nearly unknown, nor did the lack of them vex their souls. 
 Many of them were grown before they ever saw the interior of a well-supplied 
 dr\ -goods store. Tliey were reared in simplicity, lived in simplicity, and were 
 ha{)py in simplicity. Bbownleb. 
 
58 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 relating his adventures on flat-boats, " the old Broad-Horn," to New 
 Orleans. At times, a bottle, called " Black Betty, ' filled with 
 Monongahela whiskey, made its appearance, and then was told the 
 " hair-breadth escapes" and thrilling adventures of the pioneers. 
 A log-rolling, corn-husking, or bee of any kind, called the settlers 
 together for miles around. The whole neighborhood assembled and 
 split rails, cleared land, plowed up whole fields, and the like. 
 Pioneer amusement generally closed the day. With the invitation 
 to the men commonly came one to the women, to come to a quilting. 
 The good woman of the house where the festivities were to take 
 place would be busily engaged for a day or more in preparation for 
 the coming guests Great quantities of provisions were to be pre- 
 pared, for dyspepsia was unknown to the pioneer, and good appe- 
 tites were the rule and not the exception. 
 
 " The bread used at these frolics was baked generally on Jonny 
 or Journey cake-boards, and is the best corn-bread ever made. A 
 board is made smooth, about two feet long, and eight inches wide — 
 the ends are generally rounded. The dough is spread, out on this 
 board, and placed leaning before the fire. One side is baked, and 
 then the dough is changed on the board, so the other side is pre- 
 sented, in its turn, to the fire. This is Jonny-cake, and is good, if 
 the proper materials are put in the dough, and it is properly baked." 
 — Reynolds' Pioneer History. 
 
 At all log-rollings and house-raisings it was customary to provide 
 liquor. Excesses were not indulged in, however. The fiddler was 
 never forgotten. After the day's work had been accumplished, out 
 doors and in, by men and women, the floor was cleared and the 
 merry dance began. The handsome, stalwart young men, whose 
 fine forms were the result of their manly out-door life, clad in fringed 
 buckskin breeches and gaudily colored hunting-shirts, led forth the 
 bright-eyed, buxom damsels, attired in neatly-fitting linsey-woolsey 
 garments, to the dance, their cheeks glowing with health and eyes 
 speaking of enjoyment, and perhaps a tenderer emotion. 
 
 The following description of a " Shucking" of the olden time is 
 taken from Reynolds' Pioneer History of Illinois : 
 
 " In pure pioneer times the crops of corn were never husked on 
 the stalk, as is done at this day ; but were hauled home in the husk 
 and thrown in a heap, generally by the tide of the crib, so that the 
 ears, when husked, could be thrown direct into the crib. The whole 
 neighborhood, male and female, were invited to the shucking/, as it 
 was called. The girls, and many of the marrried ladies, generally 
 engaged in this amusing work. 
 
 " In the first place two leading expert buskers were chosen as 
 captains, and the heap of corn divided as nearly equal as pos6^ible. 
 Rails were laid across the pile so as to designate the division ; and 
 then each captain chose, alternately, his corps of buskers, male and 
 female. The whole number of working hands present were selected 
 on one side or the other, and then each party commenced a contest 
 to beat the other, which was in many cases truly exciting. One 
 other rule was, that whenever a male husked a red ear of corn, he 
 was entitled to a kiss from the girls. This frequently excited much 
 fuss and scufiiiug, which was intended by both parties to end in a 
 kiss. It was a universal practice that taffia or Monongahela whiskey- 
 was used at these. husking frolics, which they drank out of a bottle, 
 each one, male and female, taking the bottle and drinking out of it, 
 and then handing it to his next neighbor, without using any glass 
 or cup whatever. This custom was common, and not considered 
 rude. Almost always these corn-shucks ended in a dance. To pre- 
 pare for this amusement fiddles and fiddlers were in great demand ; 
 and it often required much fast riding to obtain them. One violin 
 and a performer were all that was contemplated at these innocent 
 rural games. 
 
 " Towards dark, and the supper half-over, then it was that a bustle 
 and confusion commenced. The confusion of tongues at Babel 
 would have been ashamed at the corn-huskings. The young ones 
 hurrying ofi" the table, and the old ones contending for time 
 and order. It was the case, in nine times out of ten, that but one 
 dwelling-house was on the premises, and that used for eating as well 
 as dancing. 
 
 "But when the fiddler commenced tuning his instrument the 
 music always gained the victory for the young side. Then the dishes, 
 victuals, table and all, disappeared in a few minutes, and the 
 room was cleared, the dogs driven out, and the floor swept ofi" ready 
 for action. The floors of these houses were sometimes the natural 
 earth, beat solid, sometimes the earth, with puncheons in the middle 
 over the potato-hole, and at times the whole floor was made of pun- 
 cheons. 
 
 " The music at these country dances made the young folks almost 
 frantic, and sometimes much excitement was displayed to get on the 
 floor first. Generally the fiddler on these occasions assumed an im- 
 portant bearing, and ordered, in true professional style, so and so 
 to be done ; as that was the way in North Carolina, where he was 
 raised. The decision ended the contest for the floor. In those 
 days they danced jigs and four-handed reels, as they were called. 
 Sometimes three-handed reels were also danced. 
 
 " In these dances there was no standing still ; all were moving at 
 a rapid pace from the beginning to the end. In the jigs the by- 
 standers cut one another out, as it was called, so that this dance 
 would last for hours. Sometimes the parties in a jig tried to tire 
 one another down in the dance, and then it would also last a long 
 time before one or the other gave up. 
 
 " The cotillion or stand-still dances were not then known. 
 
 " The bottle went round at these parties as it did at the shuck- 
 ings, and male and female took a dram out of it as it passed round. 
 No sitting was indulged in, and the folks either stood or danced all 
 night, as generally daylight ended the frolic. The dress of these 
 hardy pioneers was generally in plain homespun. The hunting- 
 shirt was much worn at that time, which is a convenient working 
 or dancing dress. Sometimes dressed deer skin pantaloons were 
 used on these occasions, and mawkawsins — rarely shoes — and at 
 times bare feet were indulged in. 
 
 " In the morning all go home on horseback or on foot. No car- 
 riages, wagons or other vehicles were used on these occasions, for 
 the best of reasons — because they had none." 
 
 Reynolds states it as his sincere conviction that the early pioneers 
 of Illinois were more moral and free from crime than the people of 
 a later day. Thefts were of rare occurrence, and forgery, perjury, 
 and similar crimes were seldom perpetrated. A white man was 
 hui.g for murder at Kaskaskia in the year 1802, and an Indian in 
 1804; no further instance of capital punishment in Illinois occurs 
 till 1821, when Bennett was hung at Belleville for the murder of 
 Stuart. In the early history of the county, the courts were in session 
 four times each year at Cahokia, but the grand juries frequently 
 adjourned without finding a single indictment. While the higher 
 crimes were of rare occurrence, the lesser violations of law were 
 not unfrequent. But it is remarked that the assaults and batteries 
 and other breaches of law most common, "did not involve any 
 corruption of the heart, but were such as at times may occur in 
 any community." 
 
 The use of intoxicating liquors was indulged in then more than 
 now. Drinking was fashionable and polite, and liquor was con- 
 sidered an element in the conviviality of all circles. The French 
 seldom carried the use of liquor to excess. Intemperance, on the 
 part of the Americans, was greatest in the village of Cahokia, and 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 59 
 
 there, as also at Kaskaskia, many good citizens were injured by 
 the excessive use of ardent spirits. 
 
 The Sabbath, among the American pioneers, was often employed 
 in hunting, fishing, getting up stock, hunting bees, breaking young 
 horses, shooting at marks, and horse and foot-racing. It was, how- 
 ever, a custom to cease from ordinary labor, except from necessity, 
 on that day, and when a farmer cut his harvest on Sunday, public 
 opinion citndemned it more severely than at present. There was 
 no dancing and but little drinking. In many localities there were 
 no religious meetings. The aged people generally remained at 
 home and read the Bible and other books. The French observed 
 Sunday in a different manner. After the conclusion of their reli- 
 gious services, the rest oi the day was passed in amusements, mer- 
 riment and recreation. Dancing was common on the Sabbath, and 
 frequently houses were raised and the militia trained. Public sales 
 of land and other property were held, in early times, by the 
 French at the church door on Sundays, after the close of the ser- 
 vice. The French rarely engaged in common broils and disturb- 
 ances. They detested a quarrelsome, fighting man. With the 
 Americans personal combats were frequent. A slight dispute led 
 to a fight; but the combatants often good-humoredly made it up 
 before parting. These combats scarcely ever occurred unless the 
 parties had been drinking. No rules were observed. At times 
 eyes and ears were much injured, and were sometimes destroyed. 
 
 All species of gaming were common. Card-playing was sustained 
 by the best classes. A person who could not, or would not play 
 cards, was considered destitute of one of the accomplishments of 
 genteel society. The French delighted much in this amusement, 
 and this assisted in giving card-parties more standing and popu- 
 larity among the Americans. During the hot summer months, in 
 early times, the French played cards incessantly in the shade of the 
 galleries of their houses. They frequently played without betting, 
 but at times wagered heavily. The most common game of cards was 
 called " loo." The voyageurs indulged in this sport more than any 
 other class of citizens. The ladies often amused themselves at 
 the game. 
 
 Horse-racing was one of the most popular amusements The 
 quarter-races were the most common, and at these the most chica- 
 canery and juggling was practiced. The most celebrated and 
 famous horse-race in Illinois, in early times, was ruQ in the upper 
 end of the Horse prairie, in Bandolph county, in the spring of the 
 year 1803. The two horses which made the race were of the same 
 sire. They ran three miles and repeat, for a wager of five hundred 
 dollars. The bye-bets and all must have amounted to a thousand 
 dollars, or more, which in those days was considered a very large 
 sum. In 1806 Robert Pulliam, of Illinois, and a Mr. Musick, of 
 Missouri, made a bet of two hundred dollars on a race between two 
 horses, of a quarter of a mile, to be ran on the ice in the Mississippi 
 river, a short distance above St. Louis. The race came off, and was 
 run -without injury to either the horses or riders. Foot-racing, 
 jumping and wrestling were much practiced by the Americans. 
 Bets of some magnitude were made on foot-races as well as on 
 horse-races. Governor Reynolds, in his youth, was one of the best 
 in a foot-rac», and won many wagers in Randolph county, then his 
 residence. 
 
 With the Americans shooting-matches occurred frequently. 
 These were generally held on Saturdays, and as often as every 
 week, in summer. A beef was usually the prize. A keg of whiskey 
 was generally carried to these shooting-matches, on horseback, and 
 sometimes a violin made its appearance, and the crowd danced for 
 hours. Aged matrons frequently attended, with a neat, clean keg 
 of metheglin, which they dispensed to the thirsty. This drink was 
 
 made of honey and water, properly fermented, was pleasant to the 
 taste, and had no power to intoxicate. The old lady sometimes 
 brought her knitting and sewing with her, and would frequently 
 relate tales of the tories " back in North Carolina," during the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Agriculture was at first, of course, carried on only to a limited 
 extent The inhabitants of the New Design settlement in Monroe 
 county were the first to begin the cultivation of fall wheat to any 
 considerable extent. In cutting the wheat, sickles, or reap-hooks, 
 were the only implements used. There were- no cradles. Reaping 
 with a sickle was a severe labor. Wheat at that day sold for a 
 dollar a bushel. A short distance from the farms, on the prairies, 
 or in places in the timber, good groves were selected and mowed, and 
 thi^, as well as reaping wheat, was hot, hard work. The Americans 
 at that day, generally stacked their hay and wheat out, but the 
 French had barns which they used for this purpose. The French 
 barns were made of large cedar posts, put in the ground some two 
 feet, and set apart four or five feet — the space between filled up 
 with puncheons put in grooves on the posts, and the whole covered 
 with a thatched roof. Threshing and cleaning the wheat was in 
 olden times a great trouble. The process of winnowing with a sheet 
 was slow and hard work. 
 
 Considerable quantities of corn were shipped from Illinois in flat- 
 boats to New Orleans before the purchase of Louisiana It was 
 an uncertain market, and the navigation of the river was more 
 uncertain still. Stock, cattle and hogs were raised for the New 
 Orleans market. The commerce on the river and the Indian trade 
 consumed the small surplus product of the farms. Irish potatoes 
 were raised in abundance, and the crops scarcely ever failed. Only 
 small quantities of cheese and butter were made, scarcely enough 
 for home consumption. The French scarcely ever troubled them- 
 selves with milking cows, but turned the calves out with the other 
 cattle, and made little or no butter. That portion of the popula- 
 tion scarcely ever used a churn, a loom, or a wheel. The apple 
 orchards in proportion to the population were numerous. The 
 French also cultivated orchards of pears, but the peach-tree was 
 almost entirely neglected. The greater portion of the merchants 
 made the Indian trade their main object. The furs and peltries are 
 articles in great demand, and were generally shipped to Mackinaw, 
 Philadelphia, and New Orleans. The French horses, known as 
 "French ponies," were sold in great numbers to the Indians. 
 Guns, powder, lead, and all Indian goods, blankets, blue stroudiog 
 and made-up calico shirts, formed large items in the commerce of 
 the day — as the Indians were much more numerous than the 
 whites. 
 
 INCIDENTS OP INDIAN WAEFAEE. 
 
 The early settlements of St. Clair county experienced little trou- 
 ble from the Indian attacks. The French at Cahokia lived in 
 general on friendly terms with the savages. The American settle- 
 ments in the present county of Monroe were much harassed, but 
 after Wayne's treaty with the Indians in 1795, (subsequent to 
 which date the American settlements in the present county of St- 
 Clair were made), peace prevailed on the frontier up to the war of 
 1812. 
 
 The territory occupied by the county was, however, in early 
 times the scene of several stirring incidents in the Indian warfare. 
 In 1793, a little company of the pioneers in the American Bottom, 
 composed of Samuel Judy, John Whiteside, William L. Whitetide, 
 Uel Whiteside, William Harrington, John Dempsey, and John 
 Porter, with William Whiteside in command, pursued through St. 
 Clair county a number of Indians who had been committing depre- 
 
60 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 dations in the Bottom. They passed on the trail near the present 
 city of Belleville, and attacked the Indian camps on Shoal creek. 
 The eight men divided into two parties of four each, and made the 
 attack from two sides at once. This made the Indians believe that ' 
 the whites were in large force, and after one of their number was 
 killed and others wounded, the chief. Old Pecan, begged for quar- 
 ter. On discovering his foes to be an insignificant number, and his 
 own party numerous, he called aloud to bis braves to return and 
 retrieve their honor. He had surrendered his own gun to the 
 whites, but now he seized the gun of the captain and exerted all his 
 force to arrest it from him. Captain Whiteside was a powerful 
 man, and a stranger to fear; but he compelled the Indian to retire, 
 deeming it dishonorable to destroy an unarmed man who had pre- 
 viously surrendered. The whites were now in a critical situation, 
 in the heart of the Indian country, where hundreds <.f warriors 
 could be raised in a few hours time. They immediately started 
 and traveled day and night, without eating or sleeping, till 
 they reached in safety Whiteside's station. 
 
 In the year 1795, a Frenchman at Cahokia, informed Capt. 
 Whiteside that a band of Indians were camped at the bluff, a short 
 distance south of the macadamized road which now runs from 
 Belleville to St' Louis, and that they meditated some injury to the 
 settlements in the Bottom. Whiteside organized a company, four- 
 teen in number, among which were Samuel Whiteside, William L. 
 Whiteside, Samuel Judy, Isaac Enochs, and Johnson J. Whiteside, 
 and just before day the Indian camp was surrounded, and all the 
 Indians killed except one. It is said that although this one escaped, 
 the Indians killed him afterward for his cowardly running off. The 
 bones of the Indians killed in this contest were seen on the battle 
 ground for many years afterward. In this battle Capt. Whitebide 
 was wounded, as he thought mortally, having received a shot in 
 his side. As he fell he exhorted his men to fight bravely, not to yield 
 an inch of ground, nor let the Indians touch his body. Uel White- 
 side, his son, who was shot in the arm and disabled from using the 
 rifle, examined the wound, and found that the ball had glanced 
 along the ribs and lodged against the spine. He whipped out his 
 knife, gashed the skin, and extracted the ball. Holding it up he 
 remarked, " Father, you are not dead yet !" The old man instantly 
 jumped to his feet and renewed the fight, exclaiming, " Boys, I can 
 still fight the Indians!" 
 
 It is said that after the battle Captain Whiteside and his party 
 on their return to Whiteside's station, halted at Cahokia to dress 
 the wounds of the Captain and his son. A widow lady, by the 
 name of Rains, who had two beautiful daughters, resided in the 
 village, and it was at her house that the party stopped. The ac- 
 quaintance thus accidentally formed resulted in the marriage of 
 two Whiteside brothers to the two young ladies. The Whiteside 
 family were celebrated in the early history of Illinois as Indian 
 fighters, and many of their descendants still reside in this state. 
 
 The massacre of the McMahon family in December, 1795, is else- 
 where referred to. Robert McMahon had settled that year in the 
 " Yankee prairie," a few miles south-east of the New Design settle- 
 ment. His wife and four children were killed before his eyes, and 
 he and two small daughters taken prisoners. The Indians hurried 
 away from the white settlements with the utmost speed, fearful of 
 pursuit. The first night they camped on Richland creek, about 
 half a mile below Belleville. The next day they crossed Silver 
 creek, above the present town of Lebanon, and the second night 
 camped near the sources of Sugar creek. That night McMahon 
 slipped off the cords from his arms and body, and escaped. He 
 subsequently settled a short distance north-east of Lebanon, in this 
 county, and died in Madison county. 
 
 PIONEER MILLS. 
 
 The first water mill erected within the present limits of the 
 county was erected on Prairie du Pont creek, built by the Mission 
 of St. Sul[)ice in the year 1754. The village of Prairie du Pont 
 was formed around this mill. In 1764, after the country east of 
 the Mississippi passed under the English control, the mill and plan- 
 tation of the Mission of St. Sulpice were sold to M. Gerardine, and 
 the members of the mission returned to France. Jean Francais 
 Perry, about the year 1794, purchased this mill site, and built a 
 new mill, which for a number of years he carried on successfully. 
 
 About the year 1744, the Jesuits built a wind mill on the prairie, 
 two miles south-east of Cahokia. About the time the English took 
 possession of the country this mill was allowed to go into decay. 
 The mill stones could have been seen on the prairie where the mill 
 stood a hundred years after it was built. 
 
 At Falling Spring, two miles south-east of Prairie du Pont, a 
 mill was constructed about the year 1770. Hollow logs conducted 
 the water to the wheel of the mill. The mill, however, was only a 
 small affair, and was soon abandoned. This spring, which here 
 gushes out of a perpendicular rock of the Mississippi Bluff, and 
 falls sixty or eighty feet to the bottom below, was called by the 
 French, " L' Eau Tomb." 
 
 Early attempts were made to establish mills on Cahokia creek in 
 Madison county, but they were not attended with success. A man 
 named McCarty, called English McCarty, built a mill about three- 
 quarters of a mile north-east of Illinoistown, now East St. Louis. 
 He expended much money and time, but on account of the banks 
 of the creek being washed so easily away, the dam could not be 
 made to stand. It was a large mill, and at times did much business. 
 McCarty obtained an improvement right of four hundred acres of 
 land, covering his mill site, which to his heirs would have been 
 ample compensation for his labor and disappointment, could they 
 have retained possession of the property to the present day. 
 
 A horse mill at Cahokia, built by Major Nicholas Jarrot, was 
 much used and of great service to the public. During the war of 
 1812 it furnished the troops with meal. Jarrot was fond of build- 
 ing mills, and spent much time, and lost much money, in his efforts 
 to maintain a water mill on Cahokia creek, some miles north-east 
 of Illinoistown. 
 
 In early times the settlers went either to Cahokia to mill, or to 
 Judge's mill near Whiteside station. This was the case also with 
 the frontier settlements in Madison county. Some of the pioneers 
 who had pushed out the farthest were compelled to journey fifty 
 miles. To relieve absolute want resort was had to the grater or 
 the hand mill, and in a later day the hand-mill, propelled by horse 
 power, came into use. The first water mill built in the county, 
 outside of the American Bottom, was by Lawrence Shook, on Mill 
 creek, west of Belleville, in the year 1800. Elijah Chapman built 
 a mill on Richland creek, above the bridge, west of the Centreville 
 road, in the year 1810 ; this mill was used till about 1830. Moses 
 Quick, in 1815, built a water mill on the creek south of the St 
 Clair county Fair grounds, and sold it to Major Washington West." 
 This mill soon afterward was swept away by flood and never re- 
 built. In 1820, Hugh Alexander erected the first ox mill in the 
 state, near the farm on which the late Dr. Schott resided, on Shiloh, 
 and built a distillery at the same time and place. The next ox- 
 mill was the one started in Belleville, by Wilkinson & Ringold, in 
 1822, who sold it to Jacob Whiteside, of whom Thomas Harrison 
 bought it in 1826. Hosea Riggs had a hand mill in 1817, about 
 two miles and a half east of Belleville, north of the road leading 
 to Mascoutah. and Matthew Roach had one at his residence, about 
 six miles south-west of Belleville, south of the Centerville road 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 61 
 
 about the same time. A man named 
 
 — McCann had a hand 
 mill at an early date a few miles east of Turkey Hill, which re- 
 ceived a wide patronage. Among other mills may be mentioned 
 that of William Phillips on the lower St. Louis road ; and that of 
 Samuel Ogle on the St. Louis macadamized road, six miles north- 
 west of Belleville. Thomas Harrison & Sons built the first steam 
 flouring mill in Belleville in the year 1831. It stood on the lot on 
 the south-east corner of First South and High streets. 
 
 Of the early contrivances for manufacturing meal the most rude 
 and primitive was the Grater. 
 
 A plate of tin was pierced with numerous holes, and one side 
 thus made very rough. The tin was then bent to an oval shape 
 and nailed to a board. By rubbing an ear of corn on the grater 
 meal was made, though in a very slow and laborious manner. An 
 improvement on this was the hand-mill. This consisted of two mill- 
 stones, one above the other. A hole was made in the upper stone 
 in which was placed a staff of wood, which ran through a hole in a 
 plank above, so that the whole was free to act. One or two persons 
 took hold of this staff and turned the upper stone with as much 
 velocity as possible. There was no hopper, but through an eye in 
 the upper stone the mill was fed with corn in small quantities. To 
 make a mortar, wherein to beat corn into meal, the pioneers took a 
 large round log, three or four feet in length, and, by cutting or 
 burning, made a cavity in one end capable of holding, perhaps, a 
 peck of corn. The log was then set perpendicularly in the ground, 
 and the cavity filled with corn. A weight attached to a sweep was 
 then used to crush the corn. The weight was forced down by the 
 hands and was raised again by the spring of the sweep-pole. 
 
 In the band-mill the horse-power consisted of a large upright 
 shaft, some ten or twelve feet in height, with some eight or ten long 
 arms let into the main shaft and extending out from it fifteen feet. 
 Auger holes were bored into the arms on the upper side at the end, 
 into which wooden pins were driven. This was called the " big 
 wheel," and was, as has been seen, about twenty feet in diameter. 
 The raw hide-belt or tug was made of skins taken off of beef cattle, 
 which were cut into strips three inches in width ; these were twisted 
 into a round cord or tug, which was long enough to encircle the 
 circumference of the big wheel. There it was held in place by the 
 wooden pins, then to cross and to pass under a shed to run around 
 a drum, or what is called a " trunnel head," which was attached to 
 a grinding apparatus. The horses or oxen were hitched to the 
 arms by means of raw hide tugs. Then walking in a circle, the 
 machinery would be set ' in motion. To grind twelve bushels of 
 corn was considered a good day's work on a band-mill. 
 
 PUNISHMENT FOE CRIME — LYNCH LAW. 
 
 In the early history of the State there was no penitentiary, and 
 the whipping-post and pillory were made use of in punishing crimi- 
 nals. From five to forty lashes were inflicted in proportion to the 
 enormity of the offence. It is said that two or three walnut trees, 
 in the vicinity of the public square in Belleville, were made to save 
 the county the expense of erecting a special whipping-post, and 
 there many a poor fellow answered for his violation of the law. It 
 is believed, however, that only one man was ever punished by being 
 put in the pillory. His name was Wm. D. Noble,- and his crime 
 was forgery. He was sentenced both to punishment in the pillory 
 and to pay a fine of two thousand dollars and costs of prosecution ; 
 one thousand dollars to go to the person he had attempted to 
 defraud, and one thousand dollars to the State. The judgment was 
 carried iuto execution on the thirteenth of April, 1822. Noble was 
 exposed for about one hour in the pillory,- which was erected about 
 the centre of the public square in Belleville. There it was allowed 
 
 to remain for many years, though only used for t>'ing up the teams 
 and horses of those who came in from the country. 
 
 John Reynolds was judge in the above case, Wm. A. Beaird, 
 sheriff, and John Hay, clerk. 
 
 But the people in those days very frequently took the administra- 
 tion of the law into their own hands. They held that it was unne- 
 cessary to trouble the courts of the county with some grades of 
 criminals; and that as Judge Lynch's court was always in session, 
 and that as but very few criminals had ever been known to prose- 
 cute a writ of error from that court after being tried before it, a 
 preference should be given to it over all others, on economical 
 grounds if on no other. Soon after the close of the war of 1812, 
 the territory was flooded with counterfeit notes, and, for the purpose 
 of detecting and punishing the guilty parties, a company of regula- 
 tors was made up of many of the best citizens in St. Clair county, 
 of which Dr. Estes was elected captain. This company was estab- 
 lished in Belleville in 1815, and during the short term of its exist- 
 ence, which was but a few months, by its prompt infliction of pun- 
 ishment on all who were found guilty, by them, of crime, it created 
 great excitement throughout the country. Criminals became ter- 
 rified and fled, and good men deplored the necessity for the 
 organization of any such society. The Lynch court was usually 
 held in the neighborhood of the Silver creek, and there, too, were 
 all the punishments generally inflicted. Many, however, were 
 allowed the privilege of leaving the country, and so avoided the 
 summary inflictions that otherwise would have been their almost 
 certain doom. 
 
 FIRST MACADAMIZED ROAD. 
 
 During the session of 1846-7 the legislature granted a charter 
 under which was constructed a macadamized road from Belleville 
 to St Louis. Previous attempts had been made to secure a charter, 
 but the only one which the legislature would grant contained two 
 provisions which would have prevented the successful conduct of 
 the enterprise. One of these provisions was that the charter could 
 be repealed at any time, and the other, that the private property of 
 each stockholder should be liable for all the debts of the company. 
 In 1846 Gov. Reynolds was elected a member of the house of 
 representatives from St. Clair, with the principal object in view 
 of securing a satisfactory charter for the proposed road. The 
 charter was secured, and the road, almost fourteen miles in length, 
 was built. This was the first macadamized road in the State. The 
 improvement was one of great value to the county, and gave the 
 city of Belleville its first advance toward prosperity. 
 
 Before this road was built it had been at times almost impossible 
 to reach the river on account of the mud and mire. A story was 
 accustomed to be told in those days to the effect that a man on his 
 way to St. Louis saw, in the American Bottom, a hat on top of the 
 ground. He got off his horse to pick up the hat, but found a man's 
 head in it. The man under the hat said, " under him was a wagon 
 and four horses mired in the mud ; that he was safe, but he sup- 
 posed the horses and wagon were in a had fix." 
 
 The American Bottom received its name because it was here 
 the early American families made their homes in Illinois. Shad- 
 rach Bond, Robert Kidd, and James Garrison settled in the Bottom 
 (in the present county of Monroe) in the year 1781, and other 
 American families followed. In early times the Bottom contained 
 a dense settlement almost from Fort Chartres to Cahokia, and 
 probably three-fourths of the American population in Illinois resided 
 there. It is the largest body of fertile soil in the country, extend- 
 ing from Alton almost to Chester, nearly one hundred miles, and 
 averao-ing five or six miles in width. The settlements of the early 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 American families were mostly comprised in that part of the Bot- 
 tom now lying in Monroe county. 
 
 The Bottom has at various times been overflowed by the waters 
 of the Mississippi. There was a great rise in the river in 1725, and 
 again in 1772. The latter year encroachments were made on the 
 banks of the river opposite Fort Chartres. The next extraordinary 
 freshet was in the year 1785. The inhabitants of Kaskaskia and 
 Cahokia were compelled to seek refuge in the blufls. Many of the 
 Cahokia people retired for relief to the rocky bluff, south-east of the 
 village, which, for that reason, was called '' Bon Succour." Others 
 went to St. Louis. The next very high water was in 1844. The 
 flood of this year is still remembered and referred to, not only by 
 the residents of the American Bottom, but by the people then living 
 along the whole course of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The 
 Bottom was covered with water many feet deep. Large steam- 
 boats sailed from bluff to bluff. The villages of Cahokia, Prairie 
 du Pont, Prairie du Rocher, and Kaskaskia were almost destroyed. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION. 
 
 BY B. E. HOFFMAN. 
 
 LL our western states contain a large proportion of 
 naturalized citizens and their descendants. Illinois 
 came in for its share at an early period ; in fact, its 
 first colonization is the work of Europeans. At 
 the time of the organization of the county, in 1790, 
 the white population living within the present 
 limits of the county must have amounted to seven 
 or eight hundred souls. Cahokia and environs 
 counted one hundred families as early as 1783. An election held 
 in the county in 1799 brought out 185 voters, and the population 
 of 1800, according to the census was 1255. The only means to ascer- 
 tain whether any foreigners had settled in the county at that early 
 date, are the county records on naturalization. The period is so 
 remote that recollection does not reach it, and tradition is, to say 
 the least, not reliable. 
 
 The records bear witness that foreigners were naturalized in St. 
 Clair county as early as October, 1816. The following persons 
 were then and there admitted to American citizenship, to wit : 
 
 Names. 
 
 Abrivbd in U. S. 
 
 Arrived in Illinois. 
 
 Time op Residence 
 
 John L. Schoenbergei 
 
 1789 
 
 1790 
 
 27 J 
 
 ears. 
 
 Jaci]ne.^ Vanier, 
 
 1798 
 
 1811 
 
 18 
 
 (( 
 
 Francois Amonre, 
 
 1789 
 
 1789 
 
 27 
 
 ft 
 
 Louis Buisson, 
 
 1790 
 
 1790 
 
 26 
 
 << 
 
 Loiii< Petit, 
 
 1792 
 
 1792 
 
 24 
 
 (( 
 
 Louison Pensoneau, 
 
 1792 
 
 1792 
 
 24 
 
 If 
 
 Antoine Dechampfl, 
 
 1794 
 
 1794 
 
 22 
 
 n 
 
 Francois Giiignnn, 
 
 1799 
 
 1799 
 
 17 
 
 tt 
 
 Pierre Verbois, 
 
 1799 
 
 1799 
 
 17 
 
 it 
 
 ■Jacques Bourdeaux, 
 
 1800 
 
 1810 
 
 16 
 
 « 
 
 L')uis Pensoneau, 
 
 1801 
 
 1808 
 
 15 
 
 a 
 
 Joseph Ruelle, 
 
 1801 
 
 1801 
 
 15 
 
 (1 
 
 John Hay, Etienne Pensoneau, Samuel Gillham, Louis Binette, 
 Nicolas Jarrot, Michel Lacroix and Patrick Lee appeared as their 
 witnesses in court, and testified " as to the moral character and 
 length of residence of said applicants," whereupon the court ordered 
 that they be admitted to citizenship respectively. The records do not 
 mention the nationality of these applicants, but the orthography of 
 their names settles the question. Schoenberger was a German, the 
 others are French. 
 
 In April term 1817 another French immigrant, Francois Bouttel- 
 lier, was naturalized. From 1816 to 18.38, a period of twenty-two 
 years, no applications to be admitted to American citizenship seem 
 to have been made, with one exception. James Davis, an English- 
 man, was naturalized in 18-34. The few immigrants arriving at 
 that period of time devoted themselves to opening farms and other 
 manual labor. The right of suffrage was granted to all whites 
 after a residence of six months in the state, and the difference be- 
 tween this right and the privilege of citizenship was neither known 
 nor appreciated. Early in this century we find Frederick Germann 
 
 and Markee (probably Philip Merker, who died 1810) 
 
 making a farm and settlement at a gulch in the bluflTs, in the north- 
 west of the county. They were Germans, and their settlement 
 goes under the name of " Dutch Hollow " to this day. Besides 
 these, the records mention the death of one William Meyer in 
 1809, and Daniel Schultz in 1812. Samuel Holtz and Matthias Schil- 
 linger lived in the county before the year 1820. Bernard Steiner, 
 together with Rudolph Wildi, Jacob Hardy and others, settled in 
 the southern part of the county about the year 1815, on what is 
 called " Dutch Hill " to-day. Steiner and his people were natives 
 of Switzerland. Steiner came to the United States in the very first 
 years of the present century. His early history is quite interesting. He 
 had, while working at his trade in Neufchatel, Switzerland, formed 
 the acquaintance of the daughter of a wealthy family there, and 
 soon obtained the consent of the parents to a marriage, under the 
 condition, however, that he would accompany the family to America. 
 They were to embark at Antwerp. Steiner had placed his effects 
 and his money in custody of his prospective father-in-law. The 
 sailing of the vessel was delayed, however, and their stay at Ant- 
 werp became tedious. He was prospecting around for useful occu- 
 pation, and on coming home to his quarters one night, he learned to 
 his dismay that his friends had embarked and were now at sea He 
 was without money and without friends. Taking advantage of the 
 credit system, to be mentioned hereafter, he took passage to Phila- 
 delphia, where on his arrival he was sold into a three years' servi- 
 tude to pay for the expenses of his voyage. After the expiration 
 of this term he engaged in peddling, in hopes that some day or 
 other he would find his lost love. He followed the business for 
 years, successfully, in point of money, at least. He was soon 
 enabled to engage in a more extended business ; became an importer 
 of goods, made six or seven trips to Europe in the interest of his 
 business. He remained single, and resolved to devote his means to 
 the benefit of his sisters, six in number, and their families. He had 
 bought about four sections of land in this county, located, as stated 
 above,' where he and his kinsmen permanently settled. Steiner con- 
 tinued to carry on an extensive mercantile business, opened a branch 
 store at Kaskaskia, and made preparations for the establishment of a 
 clock and watch manufactory. This latter project was not carried 
 out, death preventing it. Steiner lost his life on his way to Kas- 
 kaskia in 1821, either by accident or by the hand of a highway 
 robber. The sale of his personal estate lasted many days, and 
 brought nearly twelve thousand dollars, a very large amount con- 
 sidering the low prices of produce and the scarcity of money at that 
 early period. The writer has examined the records of public 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 63 
 
 sales held as early as 1722 and up to 1830, but in no instance has 
 he found lower prices than those obtained at the Steiner sale. 
 Cows were sold in this county for $30 and $35 a head as early as 
 1790, while at Steiner's sale they did not bring more than three or 
 four dollars per head. The price of all other property was in pro- 
 portion. The settlement on Dutch Hill grew in prosperity from 
 year to year. Jacob Hardy became one of the most successful 
 farmers and stock-raisers of the county. His herds of cattle 
 were counted by hundreds of heads in 1830. 
 
 The actual immigration of Germans into the Western States com- 
 menced about twenty years after these sporadic settlements had been 
 made, and as the German immigration has given to this region 
 some of its conspicuous and characteristic features, it should have 
 more than a passing notice in this chapter. Hon. Gustave Koerner, 
 of Belleville, in his work. Das Deutsche Element, (The German Ele- 
 ment), published by A. E. Wilde & Co., Cincinnati, has treated 
 this subject in a superior manner, and we are indebted to his work 
 for valuable and accurate data. 
 
 The immigration of Germans to the American colonies in the last 
 century is usually underrated, in point of numbers as well as in 
 point of material. True, it may scarcely have reached a hundred 
 and fifty thousand souls, yet this number must surely be considered 
 a factor in a population of less than three millions. True, the over- 
 whelming numbers of those German pioneers were drawn from the 
 poorest and most oppressed classes, the peasantry and the trades. 
 But it should also be borne in mind, that these poor peasants and 
 oppressed tradesmen had enjoyed a proportionally better school 
 education than persons from a similar station of life in England or 
 France. Germany enjoyed a common school system as early as the 
 year 1600, and although the war of thirty years, 1618 to 1648, had 
 almost laid waste the beautiful land and reduced a whole generation 
 of people to barbarism, the years of peace had restored the school 
 system during the succeeding century, the common schools flourished 
 again, and Sunday-schools provided for a continual education even 
 after the youths had quitted the public schools. Neither England 
 nor France had made any provisions for the education and instruc- 
 tion of children in their rural districts during said century. It is 
 not our province here to state to what measures the government of 
 France resorted to populate the wilds of Canada, and later the 
 swamps of Louisiana, nor to relate how, and by whom, Great 
 Britain undertook to colonize Georgia. History has told all that. 
 While this forclble.and compulsory system prevailed with them, the 
 German emigrants, most always led by their teachers and preachers, 
 came of their own accord, with the desire and firm resolution to 
 found homes for themselves and their children by honest and hard 
 labor. Have they done so ? This question is answered. They left 
 their homes, alas, not happy homes in many instances, poor, 
 oppressed and bowed down with the bitter woe of separating them- 
 selves forever from their beloved friends, but determined and reso- 
 lute. The emigrants of the earlier part of the last century belonged 
 to certain religious protestant sects, which were not recognized by 
 the home government, Mennonites, Re-baptists and others. Later 
 and larger numbers, driven from home in consequence of the terrible 
 and destructive wars of France against Germany, came from the 
 Rhein province known as the " Palatinate ; " they also were protes- 
 tants, either Lutherans or Reformed. Among them are found a 
 large number of school-teachers and clergymen, some merchants, 
 skillful tradesmen and wealthy agriculturists. Churches and 
 schools were erected simultaneously with the huts and dwelling- 
 houses of the immigrants. 
 
 The German in America has ever remained a firm friend of the 
 public schools, and there is probably nothing, upon which he can 
 
 look with more pride and satisfaction, than upon the fact, that 
 nearly all of his prominent or leading countrymen have labored for 
 the improvement of our public schools, and supported the system 
 with zealous hearts and liberal hands. 
 
 New York and Pennsylvania absorbed the larger share of 
 the immigration of the 18th century, which, however, remained in 
 constant communication with their people in the fatherland. The 
 Pennsylvania Dutchman is to this day a type, almost as often seen 
 or mentioned as the famous Yankee of New England. 
 
 The county of St. Clair drew its first white population from 
 European immigrants and Canadians ; but it should not be forgotten 
 that the typical Pennsylvania Dutchman also arrived soon after the 
 organization of the county. The chapter on pioneers and early 
 settlers will mention names, and in our biographical sketches many 
 more may be found. 
 
 The early German immigrant had also acquired an enviable re- 
 putation as to honesty and reliability. " He did not think it smart 
 to avoid paying a just debt " Dr. F. Brunk, of BuflTalo, in speak- 
 ing of those German pioneers, of the last century, says : " The Ger- 
 mans, who came to the State of New York after the year 1820, owe 
 to the early German settlers from the Palatinate a debt of gratitude, 
 on account of the good reputation which they had secured to the Ger- 
 man nationality. Even as late as 1834, a German immigrant was 
 trusted with money or goods without further inquiry." 
 
 We will here add a few words in reference to the hardships and pri- 
 vations endured by these early settlers, first in getting to this country, 
 and next in making a start in life. An ocean voyage in our days 
 of steam and palatial vessels, is an enjoyable tour of ten or twelve 
 days' duration, affording to the traveler all the luxuries of the two 
 continents ; and now let us hear what an emigration trip of 1750 
 amounted to. Gottlieb Mittelberger, in his Reise naeh Pennsylvanien, 
 (Voyage to Pennsylvania), has* given a vivid description of one. 
 Mittelberger undertook a voyage to America in said year ; his pur- 
 pose was to deliver an organ, built in Heilbronn, Germany, for a 
 German church in Philadelphia, to said city. He embarked on a 
 river craft, down the Neckar and Rhein, to Rotterdam. This trip 
 alone was worse than annoying, as the authorities of the countless 
 petty states would extort duty on all baggage, thus delaying the 
 river trip beyond endurance, as there were not less than thirty-six 
 such inspections and examinations, which the " Gentlemen of cus- 
 tom-houses " hold at their leisure or convenience. Rotterdam is 
 finally reached ; Mr. Mittelberger, together with some 400 emigrants 
 are packed, herring-fashion, into the steerage of a small ship. His 
 description of the condition of affairs in this hell is brief Stench, 
 horror, vomiting, fever, flux, headache, heat, sores, hunger, thirst, 
 fear, want, vermin and wailing! The few remaining in health, 
 would sometimes break out in maledictions, cursing one another or 
 themselves and the hour of their birth ; but chiefly they would cry 
 vengeance against the kidnappers, who had brought them there. 
 Children from one to seven years of age hardly ever survive : he 
 says, "I have seen thirty-two little corpses thrown into the sea" 
 
 The expenses of this voyage, fifteen weeks from Rotterdam to 
 Philadelphia, amounted to $80.00 per adult. Those who had paid 
 this amount were permitted to leave the ship at Philadelphia, the 
 others had to wait until they were " bought" and liberated by their 
 purchasers. It was a kind of servitude, into which these poor peo- 
 ple sold themselves, and it took years to regain their liberty. 
 "Every day," says Mittelberger, "brought Dutchmen, English- 
 men and high Germans from Philadelphia and other towns, some 
 probably a hundred miles off, to the ships, having human freights 
 from Europe on board, and select persons suitable for their pur- 
 poses. They bargain with them about the length of time of their 
 
64 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 serfdom. Healthy adults get off with three or four years. Youths 
 from ten to fifteen years must serve to their twenty-first year. 
 Many parents are forced to trade off their own children, iu order to 
 free themselves from the ship's owner, who had furnished transpor- 
 tation on credit. Families are frequently separated in this manner, 
 never to be united again. If any one undertakes to run away from 
 his master because of cruel or inhuman treatment, he will not get 
 far, for the laws in reference to such fugitives are well enforced, and 
 high rewards are paid to the one that captures such fugitives." 
 
 Europeans, thus bought and sold, must work very hard, as these 
 Americans are constantly clearing new fields, and thus our country- 
 men soon learn that oaken stumps " in America are just as hard " as 
 in Germany. Mittelberger remained three years in Philadelphia. 
 He tells also of a ship that had been six months at sea before reach- 
 ing Philadelphia, and that of 340 passengers, only 32 survived. 
 
 But to return to our subject — the German immigrations into the 
 county of St. Clair. 
 
 Quite a number of German families arrived in this county in the 
 year 1831, and settled on or near Turkey-Hill, east of Belleville. 
 They were well-to-do agriculturists and tradesmen from Hesse- 
 Darmstadt. Among them we mention John Knobloch, Thomas He- 
 berer, Balthaser Mueller, Jacob Mueller, George Meser and George 
 Merger. Jacob Weber and son settled in Twelve Mile Prairie ; 
 Jacob Ensinger and Jacob Mohr further south, in Monroe county. 
 The Turkey-Hill settlement received reinforcements in 1832, when 
 John Wendelin Knobloch, (father of John K.) together with his 
 family — Balthaser and Thomas Knobloch, George Hehret, Adam 
 Bop, Merkel, George Fischer, the Siebert and Funk fami- 
 lies arrived. Most of these people devoted themselves to agricul- 
 ture, and nearly all of them with marked success. They and their 
 descendants now occupy thousands of acres of the most fertile land 
 on earth. Heberer, who had enjoyed the advantages of a course of 
 study at the agricultural academy of Fellerberg iu Berne, Switzer- 
 land, was not satisfied with the cultivation of corn and wheat alone. 
 He planted a vineyard as early as 1832, and was highly elated with 
 his success in raising a crop the following year. John Knobloch, 
 however, more practical than enthusiastic, calls this earliest product 
 of Heberer's vineyard, the vilest and meanest stuff that ever went 
 under the name of wine. Orchards were also planted, and the 
 Turkey-Hill settlement became soon a worthy rival of that on 
 Dutch-Hill. The German settlers on Turkey-Hill started a German 
 school in 1832, probably the first one in Illinois. They obtained 
 the services of a teacher, George Kheinhard, at a very low salary, 
 four or five dollars per month. Eheinhard was a well educated 
 man, who would also conduct divine services on Sundays, and ofiici- 
 ate at weddings, baptisms and funerals. 
 
 Official documents of the county mention a few more German 
 names at this period, viz. — Bornmann, Busse, Obermueller and 
 Ackermann. 
 
 The German, although in most instances an excellent and success- 
 ful farmer, is not exactly a pioneer or frontiers man. He prefers to 
 make his home in districts where the American pioneer has per- 
 formed the arduous task of opening the wilderness to cultivation. 
 The plow is the German's "forte," not the axe jior the lifle. 
 
 The so-called immigration of 1833 brought a number of highly 
 educated Germans, — Lateiner (Latin scholars), as popular wit and 
 humor named them, to this county. A few of these Lateiner are 
 still living, honored and respected by all. Their comrades of 1833, 
 who have departed this life, have left to their descendants a proud 
 record, and their memory is cherished as that of honorable, patri- 
 otic men. 
 , The causes which led to this immigration were more or less of a 
 
 political nature. The July .revolution of France, in 1830, was still 
 reverberating on the east side of the Rhine, in G' rinany, where the 
 feudal system was most severely felt by thinking men Their efforts 
 to break the yoke were futile. Disappointed in this, and disgusted 
 with the political misery of Germany, in many instances even suf- 
 fering under the petty political persecutions of despotic governments, 
 and despairing of ever seeing their beloved fatherland occupying a 
 proud position as a nation among the other nations of Europe, they 
 resolved to emigrate. They abandoned remunerative positions in 
 official and commercial life, and concluded to find new fields for their 
 labor in America. They chose the valley of the Mississippi as their 
 future home. Charmed and attracted by the glowing descriptions 
 of life in the west, as published by Dr. Duden. who had sojourned 
 a few years on Lake Creek, Montg )m!ry, now Warren, county, 
 Missouri, they hastened to the great west. 
 
 Horace's Beatm illequi procul negotii», etc., was now to be tried 
 in good earnest. The student, the scholar, the doctor of philosophy, 
 the professor, the merchant, all wanted to become farmers. 
 
 It is not the writer's province to state how this dreamed " happi- 
 ness" came, nor how those enthusiasts "practiced with their steers." 
 A few succeeded, while others returned to their former occupations 
 or to public life. 
 
 Another leaf in these sketches makes mention, and honorable 
 mention, of their services as county, state, and United States offi- 
 cers. 
 
 Returning to the subject, a bripf sketch of the "Lateiner" settle- 
 ment in what is now called Shiloh valley, may find room here. This 
 sketch is based upon an article published in "Das Westland," 
 North American periodical for Germans, edited by Capt. C. Ney- 
 feld and Dr G. Engelmann, of St. Louis, printed at Heidelberg in 
 1837. The author, Dr. Engelmann, in speaking of said settlement, 
 writes : — " I was one of the first Germans who came to that region ; 
 have known it when but a few homesteads were in the possession of 
 our countrymen ; have witnessed the increase of immigration; and 
 observed the constant growth of prosperity. I have practiced there as 
 physician for nearly two years, and am befriended with all, and, al- 
 though I left the settlement in 1835, have, by frequent visits, re- 
 mained in intimate connection with those settlers. Nearly the whole 
 settlement is situated in Town 1 North, R. 7, and extends from 5 to 
 9 miles east of Belleville." The Dr. now branches off in describing 
 the beautiful landscapes, the rolling prairies, the herds of fat cattle, 
 etc., etc. Bpeaking of the climate and climatic diseases, he says: — 
 " AmTong eighty Germans, inhabiting the settlement, we had fifteen 
 cases of sickness during two years, two terminating iu death, one of 
 which fatal cases could not be ascribed to climatic causes." 
 
 His lengthy remarks about geology, flora and fauna, as well as 
 about the products of agriculture, are of great interest, and give evi- 
 dence of a most diligent study. 
 
 The original settlers, the pioneers of this township, he says, ar- 
 rived about the year 1802 ; he names the families Moore, Scott, 
 Watts and West. The first German settler, H. Merkel, arrived in 
 1832. Th. and E. Hilgard, F. Wolff, J. Ledergerber, A. Dilg, M. 
 Rupelins, six bachelors, the families of F. Engelmann, E. Hareu, H. 
 Koelsch, H. Fritz, the widow Abend, G. Sandherr and J. Fleisch- 
 bein arrived early in 1833. Later in the year came G. Koerner, K. 
 Schreiber, E. Friederich, W. Decker, Wilhelm Weber, F. Liudheimer, 
 and the writer (Dr. Engelmann), who together with the sons of F. 
 Engelmann; kept bachelor's hall in a building situated on the Engel- 
 mann place ; another bachelor's roost was on the Hilgard lands, where 
 the two Hilgards, Th. Krafft, G. Heimberger, Dr. Gustav Bunsen, 
 Dr. Berchelmann and A. Conradi domiciled. George Bunsen, F. 
 Koehler, the families Baer and Pirsbacher arrived iu 1834. Dr. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 65 
 
 A. Reuss and Dr. A. Schott's, and the Kaising families also came 
 in 1834. 
 
 Two years of experience had now somewhat tempered down the 
 agricultural ardor of many of those enthusiasts, and a reaction set in. 
 Observing that their neighbors, the practical farmers, or peasants, 
 living on poorer land, were getting out of debt and into prosperity, 
 and that the farmers by choice were not at all successful in this 
 pursuit, many of those named above resolved to abandon farming. 
 Engelmann who had changed his farm into orchards and vineyards, 
 established a starch factory besides, Busch a distillery, Eupelins 
 ■went to preaching the Gospel, and others returned to their former 
 occupations. Th. Krafft, in connection with Mr. Flanagan, went 
 into very succe.«sful commercial business in Belleville. Dr. G. 
 Koerner, Jr., in order to familiarize himself with the practice of the 
 American bar and law, attended lectures at the University at Lex- 
 ington, Kentucky, and soon after established himself as counselor 
 at law and attorney in Belleville. Fleischbein and Dilg erected a 
 brewery, not only supplying the thirsty of Belleville, but even those 
 of St. Louis, with their superior products. Mrs. Abend moved to 
 Belleville, ia order to have better facilities for the instruction and 
 education of her children. Kaising opened a butcher-shambles. 
 Hilgard and Wolff erected a steam-distillery, and Busch a cooper 
 shop in said town. Weber became editor of the Anzeiger des Wes- 
 tens* Haren a merchant, Th. Engelmann a real estate broker, and 
 Dr. Engelmann a practising physician in St. Louis. 
 
 The population of the Latin settlement had been somewhat re- 
 ducjd by this exodus, bat others filled their places.. The township 
 has now — 1837 — a population of 400 souls, of whom 160 are Ger- 
 mans. Speaking of the size of farms, the Dr. says, tliat many 
 Germans are satisfied with 30 or 40 acres and a few have as many 
 
 * Weber remained in charge of the Anzeiger until 18i^0. In the very be- 
 ginning of hi.s career as editor, he had occasion to exhibit to his fellow-citizens 
 the stout and-niauly heart of a IK e Join-loving republican. A police officer 
 of St. Louis had been mortally wounded by a free negro whom lie was at- 
 tempting to bring to jail. The negro was arrested and put in jail. A mob 
 was organized that very night, the jail entered and the negro dragged out, to 
 be roasted alive at a slow fire. The torture lasted fully thirty-five minutes. 
 Tills was done in the presence of thousands, and within the city limits. 
 
 Weber's article, relating this outrage, commences witli the following words: 
 " We have witnessed last night, a barbarity, so cruel and monstrous, as the 
 most deba.sed brain could think of to offend humanity, and to violate law. 
 Citizens of St. Louis ! You will never blot out the stai'n, with wliich the his- 
 tory of your city was soiled in that night!" The authorities of the city and 
 county, under whose very eyes tJie outrage had been committed, and who had 
 not made an effort to prevent it, were tlien severely censured, but in very 
 moderate language. The Commercial Bulletin, came out in an article against 
 Weber and his paper, cautioning Weber and reminding him that he was a 
 foreigner, permitted by a magnanimous people to live in their city, etc. This 
 article of the Bdletin created a very bitter feeling, and Weber and his friends 
 expecting to see a mob attack the Anzdger building in the next night, had 
 armed themselves to defend the place and " hold thefbrt." Weber replied to 
 the Bdletin, on the next day, in order to substantiate what he had said in his 
 first article, and to express his opinion as to the "foreigner" and the "mag- 
 nanimous people " lie wrote in substance, the following : '' While we readily 
 acknowledge and gratefully appreciate the^goodness and the magnanimity of 
 . the American people, we must be permitted to say, that we are not depending 
 upon it, but upon ourselves and upon the fruits of our labor and talent, small 
 though it be. We claim only what the law of the land grants unto us ; and 
 we came, fugitives for freedom's sake, tj the hospitable shores of this land, to 
 live under liberal laws and a rational and happy constitution ; we came not as 
 beggars, to appeal to individual benevolence and magnanimity, but as men. 
 well qualified to appreciate liberty, ever ready to battle for it, in common with 
 any and all in this land.'' 
 
 This reply of Weber's put a quietus on the BiiUetin ; the best people of St. 
 Louis endorsed him and became his friends. Weber died in the year 1852, 
 forty- four years of age, loved and respected by all who knew him. 
 9 . 
 
 as 300, while their American neiglibors usually are in possession of 
 not less than 400 acres. The pries of farming land ranged in those, 
 days between $-5 00 and $10.00 per acre ace jrding to improvements, 
 houses and outhouses made and built, the prices having advanced, 
 over 16 per cent, since 1834. The Dr. also deplores, that the Ger- 
 mans even at that early day manifested a great desire to isolate 
 themselves from their American neighbors, of whom he mentions,, 
 in most respectful language, the Whitesides, Moores, Middlecofff, 
 Scott.^, and above all Robert Hughes. " The second generation of. 
 Germans," says the Dr , " will ba fully conversant with the. English 
 language and the customs and hab ts of this land, and will appear 
 as Americans and act in concert with them." Returning to the 
 causes which led to the exodus mentioned above, the Dr. makes 
 some remarks which will do to be here repeated. 
 
 These new comers, raised, as they were, in European cities, accu.3-, 
 tomed to enjoy countless: little comforts, which life iu such cities 
 affords, were now thrown into surroundings, where nothing of the 
 kind was offered. Their wants were too numerous to be supplied. 
 They had bought farms, and had pai.l for them, but the log cabin,, 
 that had sheltered the former occupant, would not answer now,. 
 Houses had to be built, or to be itnproved and adorned, cellars had 
 to be dug and wells to be sunk, fences needed repairing ; the little 
 garden patch of (he pioneer could not now give satisfaction ; a vege-. 
 table garden was only an appendix to ths fl.>wer beds. All this 
 was thought to be absolutely indispensable with comfort, they had : 
 to have it, or be miserable. In their haste and desire to have things 
 yield more comfort, much labor was wasted, and needful work ne- 
 glected. The fields that were to supply bread were indifferently, 
 tilled, and the raising of stock was lost sight of. A few of them 
 only, if any at all, had formerly devoted themselves to agricultural 
 pursuits, and the others of course could not now compete with their, 
 neighboring American and German practical farmers. They workc d- 
 hard themselves, and hired labor besides, but could not make farm- - 
 ing a success. 
 
 Their American neighbors frequently expressed their wonder, that 
 the Germans.'who were rated among the best farmers in Pennsyl- 
 vania, were such poor farmers in Illinois. 
 
 The Doctor says: " The diligent American agriculturist prospers 
 and accumulates wealth ; the German peasant, after a few years of 
 hard labor, pays his debt-', buys the land he had heretofore rented,' 
 and gets along finely. These are facts ; and it is also a fact, that the. 
 Germans from other stations in life will lose money in trying, 
 to be a farmer." 
 
 The Doctor's remarks were made forty-four years ago, and bear 
 evidence that he was a close observer and accurate chronicler;, 
 but some of those old " Lateiuer " became splendid and successful, 
 farmers. 
 
 This German settlement, however, has done more for the county, 
 than it is credited with, for it became the nucleus of the settlements, 
 of the thousands who followed, and developed the rich resources of 
 this county. It was the pen of these "book farmers" that told of 
 the advantages with which this region is blessed. 
 
 The German immigration from now on poured into the States of 
 the Mississippi Valley. We introduce here a list of persons who 
 were naturalized in the courts of St. Clair county, from 1838 to 
 1844 : — Gustav Koerner, Frederick Engelmann, Philip Eckert, John 
 Scheel, Gustavus Heimberger, Theodore Hdgard, Edward Hilgard, 
 Theod. J. Krafft, all of whom were naturalized in 1838. Adolph 
 Berchelmann, Lewis Engelmann, George Brenner, Conrad Wester- 
 mann, George Neuhoff, Henry Buff, George C. Bunsen, Conrad 
 Schrag, George Bush, and August Conradi in 1839. In 18 10 citizens'! 
 papers were is.ued to Ernst W. Decker, George A.dam Popp, Cas-. 
 
66 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 par J. Kurtz, Francis Kurtz, Philip Rauch, Adam Fritz, Geo. Kriech 
 baum, George Heberer, Joliu Maus, Joseph Lodergerber, Balthaser 
 AVeber, natives of Germany, and. Francis Perring, a Frenchman ; 
 in 18-11 to Erasmus T. Hilgard, George Henckler, Peter Rap 
 pauf, Herman Wolf, Cornelius Hennig. and Frederick Knoebel. In 
 1842 to Jacob Knoebel, John Geiger, Wm. Zimmermann, Johann 
 Freivogel, Christian Probst, Adam Probst, Gottfried Probst 
 J. N. Schmalenberg, Jacob Wetzsr, Sebastian Pfeifer, Carl 
 Knoebel, Frederick Aul, Conrad Bornmann, Christian Metzler, 
 Jaeob Kumm, J. L. Horeth, H. C. T. Schleth, George Eck- 
 ert. Christian Vierheller, George Hehr, F. A. M. Hassl, 
 George Briesacher, Jean Briesacher, Henry Lintz, and Michael 
 Mueller; in 1843 to B. Robker, Henry Schraer, Henry 
 Harwarth, William Harwarth, John Masuiann, J. H. 
 A^gemann, W. Kracht, BjriiharJ Diiigwjrth, Michael Funk, 
 Philip Hoff, J. G. Eckert, Henry Kaysiiig, Christian Kaysing, 
 Jacob Kaysing, Francis Wezel, Cliarles Tittraann, Charles Earth 
 Franz Oppmaun, Peter Steinheimer, Michael Jung^, Germans, 
 Michel Bage and George Perring, Frenchmen, and James Gibbons, 
 an Englishman ; in 1844 to Conrad Mueller, Martin Funk, Henry 
 Funk, George Funk, Valentin Metzler, Hainrich Eidmann, George 
 Winter, C. H. Kettler, Michel KleinschmiJt, Christoph ReinUold, 
 John Wiesenborn, Heinrich Pfeffir, John Krick, Nicolas Hdrtel, 
 August Holzappel, Balthaser Mueller, Aloysius Ewers, Johannes 
 Sjhaefer, Henry Knoebel, Frederick Germann, John Winter, Jacob 
 Laeuffert, Michel Bossle, Franz Stolz, Seb. Joseph Rsichert, Karl 
 Grossmau, Frederick Glaser, Philip Baum, John Knobloch, Nico- 
 las Werner, George Ritter, John Weilbacher, Joseph Hock, George 
 Kuutz, Jacob Huber, George Fischer, Anton Wichers, Adam Haas, 
 G. P. Fein, Martin Weilmuenster, Albert W. Djenewald, Henry 
 Bergkotter, Henry Zieren, Henry Unnigmann, Joseph Biermann, 
 Peter Sauer, Frederick Kress, Joseph Abend, Martin Roos, Adam 
 Hoffman, Anton Amrein, Christian Ddlsch, Samuel Just, David 
 Ameiss, Henry Friederich, J. G. Neubarth, Adam Schaefer, Peter 
 Horst, Bernhard Lake, J. G. Kratsch, John Deschner, Ferdinand 
 Friederich, Lorenz Reichert, Philip Jeckel, John Keck, John G. 
 Heberer, George Rauch, Peter Schneider, Michael Ilild, Matthias 
 Finklang, J. Adam Krick, John W. Sjholl, Johann Kehrer, Louis 
 Vierheller, Henry Moeser, J. Wendel Eckert, Christian Gruener- 
 wald, Peter Diehl, Conrad Beelman, Martin Sieber, G'orge Mittel- 
 stadter, Joseph Kopp, Peter Kalbfliiisch, Franz Urban, Franz 
 Schultheis, Jacob W. Michel, Ed. Abend, Conrad Liebig, John P. 
 Trautwein, Michel Flick, Julius Soheve, and Philip Pfadler, Ger- 
 mans ; Gregor Neyser, Ignatius Brovo, Antoine Wagner, Lsonard 
 Bool, and Nicolas Babo, Frenchmen; James Tracy, an English- 
 man, and Frederick Meyer, a Swiss. In all two hundred and six, 
 of whom one hundred and ninety-one came from Germany, twelve 
 from France, two from England, and one from Switzerland. We 
 forbear to continue this list ; it is getting too large, and yet it does 
 not give all the names, as many immigrants received their certifi- 
 cates of naturalization from the courts of St. Louis, Mo. The tide 
 set in with the year 1850. The late lamented Frederick Hecker, 
 after the collapse of the revolutionary movements in South Ger- 
 many, organized by him, led the van. He arrived in Belleville 
 iu 1849, to meet G. Koerner, whom, however, he had met once 
 before. 
 
 If we said above, that the pen of our Lateiner had called the 
 attention of immigrants to this country, we are permitted to state 
 that the sword, too, has aided. Gustavus Koerner, while yet 
 attending the lectures at the University of Heidelberg, in 1832, 
 had a hostile, meeting with Frederick Hecker, which led to a duel 
 an affair of frequent occurrence then, as well as now, among stu- 
 
 dents of different society or class. This duel however, and its result, 
 inspired Hecker with a high esteem for his then adversary. 
 
 When the political troubles of 1848 had exiled Hecker, and 
 brought him to America, he hastened to meet Koerner, this time, 
 however, not with sword in hand, but with the cordial grip of friend- 
 ship and a brother's love. 
 
 It is but a few months ag.o that the writer stood at the open 
 grave of Fredjricis Hscker, listening, in deep emotion, to the touch- 
 ing and beautiful words of Hon. G. Koerner, spoken at the funeral 
 of his friend. 
 
 Returning to the subject of immigration of Germans into this 
 country, we shall merely add a few statistics. The number of cer- 
 tificates of naturalization, issued by the courts of this county, in- 
 creases from year to year for fifteen years. Our civil war checked 
 the flow, and in later years the immigration seems to have 
 directed its courss elsewhere; The greatest number of foreign- 
 ers were naturalized in the years of presidential elections, voters 
 being then in great demand. The whole number of certificates 
 of naturalization issued by the courts of St. Clair county is seven 
 thousand, four hundred and twelve. 
 
 It is stated above that many of the naturalized citizens of this 
 county have occupied positions in public and political life, and 
 it is proper that their names be mentioned. Philip Engel, a resi- 
 diut of Prairie du Pont iu 1783, was for years (1793 to 1798) a 
 member of the court of common pleas. His nationality, how- 
 ever, cannot definitely be given. He came over with the 
 French colonists, and may have been from one of the then Ger- 
 man provinces of France. Johann Schultz was county commis- 
 sioner from 1824 to 1830. Jacob Eymann coroner from 1828 to 
 1832, and county commissioner from 1838 to 1842. Theodor 
 Engelmann circuit clerk from 1845 to 1852. John Schtel 
 county treasurer from 1847 to 1849, and county clerk from 1849 
 to 1857. C.W.Schoedo treasurer from 1855 to 1857. George Bunsen 
 county superintendent of schools from 1855 to 1861. Charles 
 Seitz county treasurer from 1857 to 1859. C. L. Emmerich county 
 commissioner and associate justice of the county court from 1857 
 to 1877— twenty years. William Krafft county commissioner 
 from 1857 to 1869. F. Mayer sheriff from 1858 to 1860. 
 Bernhard Wick county clerk from 1861 to 1869. Theodor 
 Joerg coroner from 1862 to 1864, and from 1868 to 1870. 
 Joseph Veile county commissioner from 1869 to 1875. Fred. 
 Ropiequet sheriff from 1862 to 1864, county treasurer from 1873 
 to 1875, and again sheriff since 1880. Hermann G. Weber 
 county treasurer from 1863 to 1867, and sheriff from 1874 to 
 1880. Henry A. Kircher circuit clerk from 1864 to 1868. 
 Fred. Graner surveyor from 1855 to 1857. Gustav Hilgard sur- 
 veyor from 1861 to 1863. Henry Holbrook surveyor from 1863 
 to 1865. Edward Rutz surveyor from 1665 to 1867, and 
 treasurer from 1867 to 1873. Gustav F. Hilgard surveyor 
 from 1867 to 1877. G. M. Roeder circuit clerk from 1868 to 
 1874. Charles Becker sheriff from 1866 to 1868, and circuit 
 clerk from 1872 to 1880. F. H. Piepar county judge from 1868 
 to date. Sebastian Fietsam, county clerk from 1869 to 1873. 
 C. L. Starkel county clerk from 1873 to date. F. C. Horn county 
 commissioner from 1874 to 1880. G. W. Sieber treasurer from 
 1875 to 1878. Frank Poignee county commissioner from 1875 to 
 date. Henry Barthol county commissioner from 1876 to 1879. 
 1868. C. H. Fietsam county commissioner from 1880 to date. 
 Louis Graner surveyor from 1880 to date. G. H. Stolberg, circuit 
 clerk from 1880 to date. Philip Schildnecht coroner from 1873 
 to 1875; and John Bader coroner from 1878 to date. 
 
 Among other distinguished citizens who have represented this 
 
EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 67 
 
 county in our Stats legislature, we find the following German 
 names: — Abraham Eymann, 1824 to 1826. John Stuntz, 1832 to 
 1834, and 1836 to 1838. Gustavus Koerner, 1842 to 1844. Ed- 
 ward Abend 1848 to 1850. John Scheel, 1858 to 1860. Bern- 
 hard Wick, 1864 to 1866. G. A. Koerner, 1870 to 1872. Joseph 
 Veile, 1878 to date; and P. H. Postel, 1880 to date. 
 
 Among State officers we find Edward Rutz, of this county, who 
 is now serving a third term as State treasurer. 
 
 Hon. G. Koerner was for a time a member of the supreme court 
 of Illinois. (See chapter on Bench and Bar.) 
 
 The number of Germans in this county having held office by 
 appointment of the federal government is large ; and as their official 
 life is not a part of the county history, a recital of names would be 
 out of place. 
 
 But it is not in the civil service of this country alone where the Ger- 
 man name is so frequently met. In the hour of danger, when the 
 enemy arrayed his forces on our frontier in the war against Mexico, 
 or when the very existence of the Republic was threacened by a 
 rebellion, the like of which history does not mention, the natural- 
 ized citizens rivaled with the native-born in hastening to the front. 
 Our chapter on Patriotism mentions names and numbers. Philip 
 Engel, of Prairie du Pont, mustered a company as early as 1790. 
 The Indian wars were fought principally, if not exclusively, by 
 native-born citizens. In the war against Mexico, we find the ma- 
 jority of officers and men in Gapta;in Raith's company, 2d 111. vol- 
 unteers, to be Germans ; and among the dead and wounded of the 
 battle of Buena Vista, the names of naturalized citizens are 
 recorded with those of native citizens. 
 
 And speaking of the civil war, we may state that nearly all Ger- 
 mans able to bear arms, went into voluntary service, and did their 
 duty. 
 
 The United States Census of 1880 shows a population of sixty- 
 one thousand souls in this county, and it may safely be said that 
 three-fourths of said number are Germans, or of German descent, 
 proportionately represented in all vocations of life. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 BY B. E. HOFFMAN. 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY 
 
 BY HIS EXCELLENCY AKTHUE ST. CLAIR, GOVBKKOK AND COM- 
 MANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE TERRITORY OF THE UNITED 
 STATES, NORTH-WEST OF THE RIVEK OHIO. 
 
 |0 all persons to whom these presents shall come 
 Greeting : Whereas, by the ordinance of Con- 
 gress of the 13th of July, 1787, for the govern- 
 ment of the territory of the United States, 
 North-west of the River Ohio, it is directed that 
 for the due execution of process, civil and 
 criminal, the governor shall make proper divi- 
 sions of the said territory, and proceed from 
 time to time as circumstances may require, to 
 lay out the parts of the same, where the Indian titles shall have 
 been extinguished into counties and townships, subject to future 
 alterations as therein specified. Now Know ye, that, it appear- 
 
 ing to me to b3 necessary for the purposes above mentioned, a 
 county should be immediately laid out, I have ordained and or- 
 dered, and by these presents do ordain and order that all and sin- 
 gular the lands lying and being within the following boundaries, 
 viz. : " Beginning at the mouth of the little Michilliakinack river, 
 running thence southerly in a direct line to the mouth of the little 
 river above Fort Massac upon the Ohio river ; thence with the said 
 river to its junction with the Mississippi ; thence up the Mississippi 
 to the mouth of the Illinois river, and so up Illinois river to the 
 place of beginning, with all the adjacent islands of said rivers, 
 Illinois and Mississippi " — shall bs a county, and the same is hereby 
 erected into a county, named and hereafter to be called the County 
 of St. Clair, and the said county of St. Clair shall have and enjoy 
 all and singular the jurisdiction, rights, liberties, privileges and 
 immunities whatsoever to a county belonging and appertaining, 
 and which any other county that may hereafter be erected and laid 
 out shall or ought to enjoy conformably to the Ordinance of Con- 
 gress before mentioned. 
 
 In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the 
 seal of the territory to be affixed this 27th day of April in the 14th 
 year of the Independence of the United States, and in the year of 
 our Lord 1790. AR: ST. CLAIR. 
 
 Countersigned by his Excellency's command. 
 
 WiNTHROP Sargent, Secretary. 
 
 Before proceeding with the recital of subsequent events in the 
 civil history of the county, it may be permitted to cast a glance at 
 previous events. 
 
 The then boundaries of St. Clair county comprise two-thirds of 
 the state of Illinois ; but when we here speak of previous events, 
 we mean to confine them to the present limits of the county. The 
 first settlement of CahSs or Cahokia was made by Canadian mis- 
 sionaries, about the year 1680, where father Pinet founded a church 
 in 1682. The Catholic church obtained a grant of land from King 
 Louis XIV. of France about the year 1722, which grant comprised 
 four French leagues square, — located from the mouth of the little 
 Cahokia, one-fourth of a league north, and thence east to make the 
 quantity. The church granted to each bona fide settler a house- 
 lot in the village, as well as a barn-lot, and besides an arpent of 
 land in the common fields. The lands not occupied in this man- 
 ner are known under the name of Commons, that is, the inhabitants 
 of a village had a common right to the forest, the pasturage, 
 the chase and the fisheries on these commons. 
 
 The settlement of Cahokia, as well as others, being separated by 
 thousands of miles of forests from the more populous parts of the 
 continent give the historian but little material to record. The 
 participation of these settlers in the combats with their savage foes 
 is mentioned in another chapter of this work. Father Charlevoix 
 visited Cahokia in October, 1721, and writes to a lady friend in 
 France as follows : " We lay last night in a village of Caoquiaa and 
 the Tamaroas, two Illinois tribes, which have been united, and to- 
 gether compose a canton. This village is situated on a very small 
 river, which runs from the east, and has no water except in the 
 spring season, so that we were obliged to walk half a league before 
 we could get to our cabins. I was astonished that they had pitched 
 upon so inconvenient a situation, especially, as they had so many 
 better in their choice. 
 
 " I passed the night in the missionaries' house, who are two eccle- 
 siastics from the Seminary of Quebec, formerly my disciples, but 
 they must uow be my masters. M. Taumur, the oldest of the two, 
 was absent, but I found the youngest, M. Le Meriier, such as he 
 had been represented to me, rigid to himself, full of charity to 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 others, and displaying in his own person an amiable pattern of vir- 
 tue." 
 
 Three years before Charlevoix's visit M. Boisbriant had erected 
 Fort Chartres, near the mouth of the Kaskaskia river. In speak- 
 ing of him Charlevoix calls him Boisbrilliard. 
 
 The peace of Paris, February 10, 1763, had made an end of the 
 French control of the territory, •which was then ceded to England. 
 The latter took possession in 1764. General Gage, Commander- 
 in-chief of the English troops in North America, and governor, 
 issued his proclamation on the 30th of December, 1764, granting, 
 by order of his majesty, the king of England, to the inhabitants of 
 Illinois the liberty of the Catholic religion ; — allowing those that 
 wished to do so to emigrate — even to New Orleans or any part of 
 Louisiana ; and permitting them to sell their estates, provided it be 
 to subjects of his majesty ; commanding further, that those who 
 remained take oath of fidelity and obedience to his majesty in pre- 
 sence of Sieur Stirling, captain of the Highland regiment, the 
 bearer of said proclamation. Captain Stirling remained but a short 
 time in Illinois, d,nd was succeeded by Major Farmer. The next 
 in office was Col. Reed, a martinet and very unpopular. He was 
 succeeded by Col. AVilkins, who arrived at Kaskaskia, Sept. 5th, 
 1768. As military commandant hs appointed seven judges, who 
 met and held their first Court at Fort Chartres, on the 6th of 
 December, 1768, and from that regular sessions were held every 
 month. This court never become popular, as trial by jury was 
 sternly denied. When Col. Clark in 1778 took possession of the 
 territory, Rochblave, a Frenchman, was commandant. The suc- 
 cessful destruction of archives of the court, mentioned in another 
 chapter, has made the civil history of that period a matter of im- 
 possibility. Circumstances, hereafter to be mentioned, however, 
 seem to indicate, that the inhabitants of this Illinois country were 
 highly dissatisfied with the change of masters. A great number 
 took advantage of the permission to emigrate, and crossed the river 
 to the then Spanish side. 
 
 Captain PhiHp Pitman, author of " The Present State of Eu- 
 ropean Settlements on the Mississippi, London, 1770," came to 
 Illinois as military engineer of the British army about the year 
 1766. He describes the country of Illinois as bounded by the 
 Mississippi in the west, by the Illinois in the North, by the Ouabash 
 and Miami in the east, and the Ohio in the south. In mentioning 
 Cahokia (then Kaoquias) he says : " It is situated six leagues below 
 the mouth of the Missouri. The village is long and straggling, 
 being three-fourths of a mile from north to south ; it contains forty- 
 five dwelling-houses. It was the first settlement on the Mississippi. 
 The laud was purchased of the savages by a few Canadians, some of 
 whom intermarried with Indians. The inhabitants of this place 
 depend more on hunting and their Indian trade than on agriculture ; 
 yet they have plenty of poultry, and a good stock of horned cattle." 
 Captain Pitman may do the inhabitants of Cahokia an injustice, for 
 he contradicts this assertion of their indolence himself by stating in 
 his same work the following : " In the late wars. New Orleans and 
 the lower parts of Louisiana were supplied with flour, beef, wines, 
 hams and other provisions from these settlements." It may here be 
 briefly stated that the register books of Kaskaskias, turned over by 
 Francois Caboneaux to AVilliam St. Clair, on the 12th day of June, 
 1790, contain 1309 sale bills, the first of which date back to 1722, 
 the last to 1790. The bulk of those sales is made up by agricultural 
 products ; corn, wheat, pork, cattle, hogs, and farming implements ; 
 chase-accoutrements and fishing-tackle are mentioned too, but are 
 not of frequent occurrence. These sales indicate the growing of the 
 settlements most accurately, and are an interesting study. In 1722 
 we find but one, in 1763 — 49 sales. The taking possession of by 
 
 the English government marks a sudden falling-off in the year 1768, 
 recording one sale only. The ten years preceding that period recorded 
 838, and the ten years succeeding it, only 102 transactions of that 
 kind. These sales amount to 300 francs in some instances, and 
 to over 16.000 in others. 
 
 COURTS AND LAWS. 
 
 Early Criminal Laws of the Territory. 
 
 The draconic laws of New England, punishing with death fourteen 
 distinct crimes, viz : 
 
 For worshiping any other God but the Lord God. 
 
 For being a witch. 
 
 For blaspheming the name of Father, Son and Holy Ghost. 
 
 For the crime of murder. 
 
 For slaying a person through guile by poisoning or any other 
 devilish practices. 
 
 For the crime of unnatural relations with the brute creation. 
 
 For the crime which brought destruction to Sodom and Gomorrah. 
 
 For the commission of adultery with a married woman or a 
 maiden espoused. 
 
 For the crime of rape. 
 
 For kidnapping. 
 
 For the crime of perjury, resulting in the capital punishment of 
 a fellow-being. 
 
 For treason or conspiracy against the commonwealth. 
 
 For a child, 16 years of age or over, to smite or curse father or 
 mother. 
 
 These laws found no application in these western regions, although 
 their own laws were rigid enough, Capital crimes were treason, 
 murder, arson, rape and horse-stealing on second conviction. 
 
 Burglary was punished by whipping, not more than 39 lashes; so 
 were also obstructing of lawful authority. 
 
 Perjury, and Larceny— for the latter also a fine of four-fold the 
 amount stolen. If the culprit was not able to pay, the sheriflT had 
 to bind him to servitude under the direction of the court, not ex- 
 ceeding seven years. 
 
 Forgery, by fine double the sum defrauded, and to sit in the pil- 
 lory not less than three hours. 
 
 Hog stealing, by a fine of from fifty to one hundred dollars, and 
 also not less than 25, nor more than 39 stripes. 
 
 Altering or defacing marks of caitle or horses by a fine of five 
 dollars. Second ofiense same fine, two hours pillory, and branded 
 on left hand with the letter T. 
 
 The writer has not been able to find any complete judicial records 
 prior to the organization of the county, and will here introduce 
 some fragments which may be of iuterest : 
 
 Proceedings of a court held at 
 
 M. Beadlieu, ~\ 
 
 vs. \ 
 
 L. Le Compte. 3 
 
 Cahokia, Thursday, Feb. 31, 1778. 
 
 Josepu Bowman, Esq., 
 W. Langlois, 
 Capt. Touranjeau, 
 William Gratiot, 
 
 Present. 
 
 Baptiste Bastieu, negro of M. Saucier, called and examined 
 touching his poisoning the negro of Marie Laurent, of St. Louis as 
 said negro had declared. ' 
 
 Questioned whether he gave any cake or any thing else to ^t to 
 said negro ? 
 
 Answers, that said negro met him, and after salutations, said ne- 
 gro says : "I am told you intend fighting with me." I asked for 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 69 
 
 .!■ 
 
 what ; he said, "On account of Martin's wench." "Oh, brother," 
 says I, " we shall never quarrel for that, besides she is every one's. 
 
 . . . After which said negro said he had a pain in his breast. 
 I asked him if he had overstrained himself; he said not, unless it 
 was by carrying thirty bushels of corn that day into the garret ; and 
 that he neither ate or drank with him, nor even gave him a pipe of 
 tobacco." 
 
 Baptiste, the negro of M. Robert, declares that he did not see 
 Bastieu give cake or any other thing to eat or drink to M. Laurent's 
 negro. 
 
 The other negro, Levellier, examined ; says he was at no place 
 with the negro of M. Laurent, except at his master's house, where 
 he gave him a glass of wine as he was going off, and that he did not 
 see Bastieu with him. 
 
 Friday, 8th of January, 1779. 
 
 Beaulieu, 
 
 vs. 
 Le Compte. 
 
 Plaintiff demands proof of what he has advanced to M. Langlois; 
 that he, M. Beaulieu, said to his negro, " Take care, don't confess 
 anything, or you will be hanged." Defendant says he heard it from 
 Jean Eacette, who says he heard it at the court-house the day the 
 negroes were punished, but of whom, or from whom he don't know. 
 
 Louis Louisgout, sworn, says that M. La Croix told him in the 
 street, after the negro of Le Compte was whipped, that M. Beaulieu 
 stayed in the court-house with him, and that La Croix said, " I be- 
 lieve Beaulieu tells his negro not to ' confess or you will be hanged.' " 
 
 Another fragment, without date, speaks of a court of committees 
 at Cahos, with Lieutenant Perrault as president, and M. Graciot, 
 (probably Gratiot), Girardin and Trotier as members. This session 
 may have been held about the year 1780, as will appear from the 
 following fragmentary record : 
 
 M. Martin complains that he has sold several articles to M. 
 Wells, a trader, and that he received continental money in payment 
 thereof, but as the money is now cried down in the village, he de- 
 mands additional pay. — The records do not show whether his de- 
 mand was made good. 
 
 This court of committees of Cahos, sometimes called court of com- 
 mon pleas of Cahokia, was superseded in 1795. The last president 
 of this court was Jean Baptiste Barbeau. 
 
 At a court of Common Pleas, holden at Cahokia, within and for 
 the county of St. Clair, on the 1st Tuesday of October, in the year 
 1795. 
 
 Before 
 John Ddmoulin, ' 
 James Piggott, 
 Shadeach Bond, 
 Jean Baptiste Saucier, 
 Geokge Atchison, 
 
 Esquires — Justices. 
 
 William Biggs, Sheriff. 
 Silence was commanded while the General Commission of the 
 court of Common Pleas was read, to-wit : 
 
 Territory of the United States, \ 
 North-west of the Ohio. J 
 
 Arthur St. Clair, governor of the territory of the North-west of 
 the Ohio river. To William St. Clair, John Dumoulin, James Pig- 
 gott, Shadrach Bond, Jean Baptiste Saucier, and George Atchison, 
 of the county of St. Clair, Esquires, Greeting. 
 
 Know ye that we have assigned, constituted and appointed you, 
 and everyone of you to be our Justices of the Common Pleas for 
 the county of St. Clair, and have authorized and empowered, and 
 
 by these presents do authorize and empower you and any three of 
 you to hold and keep our county court of Common Pleas, for the 
 county of St. Clair, at such times and places as are, or shall be, by 
 law appointed, and therein to hold pleas of assizes, scire facias and 
 replevins, and to hear and determine all and all manner of pleas, 
 actions, suits and cases of a civil nature, real, personal and mixed, 
 instituted or to be instituted in our said county court of Common 
 Pleas, before you or others, late our Judges of said court and not 
 yet determined, and thereupon to pr-oceed to judgment and execu- 
 tion, according to law, and the constitution of this Territory, and to 
 make and grant replevins, writs of partition, writs of view, and all 
 other writs and process upon actions cognizable therein, as the 
 case may require according to law, and to do and perform all and 
 all manner of things in the premises which to justice according to 
 law appertaineth. 
 
 In witness whereof we have caused these our letters to be made 
 patent. 
 
 Witness, 
 
 Aethue St. Claie, Esquire. 
 
 Our Governor and Commander-in-chief, in and over our said 
 territory, at Cahokia, this 28th day of September, 1795. 
 
 The first case disposed of was a damage suit of Augustin Choteau 
 versus Joseph Ogle for $12.00. Case was dismissed at the request 
 of plaintiff, and at his costs. Second case, James Henderson versus 
 John Hoffmann, $35.00 damages, resulting also in dismissal. The 
 first attorneys mentioned are Isaa'c Darneille and John Rice Jones. 
 Both appear in an assault and battery and false imprisonment case, 
 in which Joseph Marrie is plaintiff and Judge Dumoulin defendant. 
 Dumoulin had beaten the man for contempt of court. The case was 
 dismissed, and Marrie had to pay the costs besides. 
 
 February term, 1796, has on its docket a suit against John Du- 
 moulin, one of the Justices, for depriving Jean Guitarre of a cow ; 
 it was decided in the succeeding April term against Dumoulin, who 
 had to pay $36 damages, and $14.70 costs. 
 
 A grand jury empanneled in the county of St. Clair convened on 
 the 2d of July, 1799, at Cahokia, during the July term of 
 
 THE COUET OP QUAETEE SESSIONS. 
 
 The names of those jurors of Grand Inquest are : 
 David Waddle, Leonard Harnish, Nicolas Jarrot, Abram Eyman, 
 Joseph Carr, Camil Starr, James Garretson, Adam Strait, D. 
 Brown, John O'Hara, Anthony Badgley, Solomon Shook, Jacob 
 Short and Jehu Scott. They indict Denois Valentin of Cahokia 
 for keeping a billiard table, where money or other property is 
 played for. Fraser, a negro, for assault and battery on Therese, a 
 free woman of Cahokia ; and Marianna Arnouse, charge not stated. 
 She was tried by a jury of twelve : Jean Meunier, Clement Tro- 
 tier, Edward Hebert, Lorenz Schoenberger, Thomas Brady, Bap- 
 tiste Saucier, Ba,pt. Chartrand, Antoin Cabassier, Raphael Danli- 
 reau, Michel Chartier, Joseph Manegre and Michel Beaulieu. The 
 witnesses examined in her case were Rose Mallet, Madam Jean 
 Louis, Madam Delongchampts, Madam La Mai and Thomas Char- 
 trand. The jury found her guilty, and the court sentences her to 
 pay a fine of one dollar and ahalf, and the costs of the proceedings. 
 From the trifling amount of the fine, it may be inferred, that her 
 offence may have been assault and battery. In the July term, 1799, 
 of this court the grand jury indicted one Ephraim Connor for being 
 a nuisance " for living with Hannah Guitarre, wife of John Gui- 
 tarre. " 
 
 The procsedings of this court of Common Pleas offer but few 
 items of interest. When meeting as court of Quarter Sessions its 
 functions were similar to those of our present circuit courts. 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 At the October term, 1800, Robert Hamilton appeared as prose- 
 cuting attorney for the United States and John Hay as recorder. 
 
 At the March term, 1801, Nicolas Jarrot is sworn in as a justice 
 of the General Quarter Sessions and at the April special term, 1801 , 
 Jean Francois Perry became a member of said court. At that 
 session the grand jury indicted Adam Shond for Sabbath-breaking. 
 
 A special session was held May 6, 1801, for the purpose of taking 
 measures to prevent the introduction of small-pox into the county. 
 This terrible disease was then raging on the west or Spanish side of 
 the Mississippi river. The court was presided over by John Du- 
 moulin, assisted by James Lenien and Jean Francois Perry. The 
 court ordered, that guards, taken from the ranks of militia men, be 
 placed on the upper and lower ferries, so as to keep off the plague 
 of small-pox, now raging on the Spanish side, that a fine of six dol- 
 lars for the first offence, and of twelve dollars and imprisonment 
 for a second ofience for crossing over to the Spanish side, be imposed, 
 that people crossing from the Spanish side shall pay a fine of $24.00 
 and be imprisoned until such fine be paid; thatone-thirdofall fines be 
 paid over to the informer, one-third to the guards and one-third to the 
 county; that all ferrymen shall bring their canoes on theRigolet, and 
 keep but one canoe to cross such people as wish to remain on the Span- 
 ish side; that all goods brought from the Spanish side be confiscated, 
 sold, and proceeds distributed as above ; that all boats, canoes and 
 other property coming from the upper part of the Mississippi be not 
 permitted to come here without first making quarantine at the upper 
 end of Island Cabaret. 
 
 The author cannot tell if those measures kept the calamity from 
 this county, but as there is no evidence of any of those fines ever 
 having been imposed, it may be taken for granted that those stal- 
 wart militia men did their duty and stopped all intercourse with 
 the afflicted Spanish side. At the same term of court the first cer- 
 tificate of holding an inquest was filed, by John Whitesides, acting 
 coroner, on the body of Daniel Lyons, who died, or was found dead 
 in John Murdock's well, the jury pronouncing it accidental death 
 caused by strangulation. 
 
 Imprisonment for debt in those days was not of an uncommon 
 occurrence, but the enforcing of that law had nothing in- common 
 with the severity of English applications of said law. We will here 
 introduce the first case on record, June term, 1801. " On notifica- 
 tion of Jean Francois Perrey, that Baptiste Mercier in prison takes 
 the advantage of the law for insolvent debtors, the prisoner was 
 called to give his oath and be examined by his creditors according 
 to the said law. The said Mercier gives up to to his creditors the 
 sowing of three bushels of wheat, and a bull of two going on three 
 years old. The prisoner made the oath according to law, and by 
 order of court is discharged. 
 
 An amusing schedule of property is made by one Pierre Petit, 
 who had been jailed on the 8th of June, 1822. Pierre makes oath 
 that he owes to Catherine Beauchamp $2,223.00, and to M. Mar- 
 nieche $150.00, total, 2,373.00. He schedules his assets as follows : 
 six gross brass curtain rings, fifty cents in money, one corkscrew, 
 six bottles of water of Cologne and one bed ; the latter in the city 
 of New Orleans ! The schedule is made under oath and properly 
 signed in beautiful penmanship. E. P. Wilkinson, judge of probate, 
 appointed Zachariah Stephenson assignee and Pierre is discharged. 
 
 The last imprisonment of debt is quite a sad affair, and of recent 
 date. The capias had been issued by Edward Abend, justice of the 
 peace, at the demand of one Dr. Meyer against F. Guerdan of St, 
 Louis, who had no property in this state. Guerdan schedules his 
 property, all of which is household furniture, exempt from execu- 
 tion under the laws of Missouri as well as of Illinois. Dr. Meyer's 
 claim amounted to $25.00 ; it was lost, and Guerdan was released. 
 
 EA.ELY ELECTIOXS. 
 
 Although the county was organized in 1790, and elections were 
 doubtless held at an earlier day, we introduce here as the first 
 elections, the oldest official records of an election held at Cahokia 
 in January, 1799. The document reads as follows : 
 
 "At an election held at Cahokia in and for the county of St. Clair 
 to vote for a representative for to be sent to the General Assembly 
 of the territory. Offers as candidates, Shadrach Bond and Isaac 
 Darneille : 
 
 SHADKACH BOND. 
 
 1 Joseph Tonchette. 
 
 2 Eiieiine Pensoneau. 
 
 3 Jolin Poupard. 
 
 4 Nio. Jarrot. 
 
 5 Jean B.ipt. Dubuque. 
 
 6 Louis Pillet. 
 
 7 Louis Pftit Lubuxier. 
 
 8 Michel L'Onval. 
 
 9 T. Mannegre. 
 
 10 Francois Grondines. 
 
 11 Paul Deloge. 
 
 12 St. Ange Pillet. 
 
 13 Jean Arvin. 
 
 14 Francois Guinelle. 
 
 15 Lorenz Schoenberger. 
 
 16 Louis Pensoneau. 
 
 17 John Buttean. 
 
 18 Francois Trolier. 
 
 19 Pierre Martin, Jr. 
 
 20 Baptiste Allary. 
 
 21 Micliel Beaulieu. 
 
 22 William St. Clair. 
 
 23 Jean F. Perrey. 
 
 24 John Lyle. 
 2o J. B. Saucier. 
 
 26 Jean Dehay. 
 
 27 Louis Jarvais, Jr. 
 
 28 Louis AUard. 
 
 29 John Trotier. 
 
 30 Pierre Lissey. 
 
 31 Baptiste Chartran. 
 
 32 Francois Pancrasse. 
 
 33 Jean Beaulieu. 
 31 James Lemen. 
 
 35 Michel Boismeue. 
 
 36 Michel La Grave. 
 
 37 Auguste Trotier. 
 
 38 Th. Demarrais. 
 
 39 Benjamin Ogle. 
 
 40 Jacques Mayott. 
 
 41 John Ogle, Jr. 
 
 42 Peter Casterland. 
 
 43 Isidore La Croix. 
 
 44 John Hay. 
 
 45 Jean Marie Darion. 
 
 46 Bazile Beaulieu. 
 
 47 Daniel McCann. 
 
 48 Samuel Judy. 
 
 49 Abn. Stallions. 
 
 50 John Mordock. 
 
 51 James Garritson. 
 
 52 Shadrach Bond, Si. 
 
 53 Kphraim Connor. 
 
 54 George Lunceford. 
 
 55 John 0'Hur.i. 
 
 56 Jacob Judy. 
 
 67 Louis Le Compte. 
 
 1 William Whiteside. 
 
 2 Elisha Mather. 
 
 3 Andrew Becket. 
 
 4 Andy Kinney. 
 
 5 John Kinney. 
 
 6 Clement Trotier. 
 
 7 John Lepage. 
 
 8 William Moore. 
 
 9 Louis Eoulliard, 
 
 10 John Short. 
 
 11 Charles Kichie, 
 
 12 Abraham Iman. 
 
 13 Pierre Compagnot. 
 
 14 Wm. Whiie,side, Jr. 
 
 15 William Scott, Sr. 
 
 16 John Moore. 
 
 53 Raphael Linglois. 
 
 59 Francois CoUine. 
 
 60 James Adam'?. 
 
 61 John Chennie. 
 
 62 Pierre Laperche. 
 
 63 John La Chance. 
 
 64 Michel Cliartier. 
 
 65 Archibald McNabb. 
 
 66 John Hays. 
 
 67 Jean Mennier. 
 63 Thos. Borrier. 
 
 69 Henry Cook. 
 
 70 Michael Squires. 
 
 71 Pierre Li Fleur. 
 
 72 John Sullivan. 
 
 73 Michel Jacobs. 
 
 74 Nic. Fuergon. 
 
 75 Pierre Reille. 
 
 76 Alex. Waddle. 
 
 77 Peter Mitchel. 
 
 78 Enoch Knox.- 
 
 79 John Porter. 
 
 80 David Waddle. 
 
 81 Deliverance Brown. 
 
 82 Daniel Sink. 
 
 83 William Groots. 
 
 84 Josiah Cummings. 
 
 85 Nathan C irpenter. 
 
 86 Robt. Seybold. 
 
 87 John Capps. 
 
 8S Larkin Latherford. 
 
 89 John Ogle, Sr. 
 
 90 Peter Smith. 
 
 91 Robert Moore. 
 
 92 John Cheyhan. 
 
 93 John Ogle, Jr., son of Jacob Ogle. 
 
 94 George Hendricks. 
 
 95 Daaiel Shook. 
 93 John Scott 
 
 97 Jean Pierre. 
 
 98 Francois Trotier. 
 
 99 Benjamin Rodgem. 
 
 100 Alexander Dennis. 
 
 101 David Badglev. 
 
 102 James McKay. 
 
 103 William Biggs. 
 
 104 George Wallice. 
 
 105 William Murray. 
 
 106 Anthony Badgley. 
 
 107 Francois Courrier. 
 
 108 Thomas Brady. 
 
 109 James McLaughlin, Sr. 
 
 110 George Atchison. 
 
 111 John Dumoulin. 
 
 112 William Arundel. 
 
 113 George Blair. 
 
 ISAAC DARNEILI.B. 
 
 17 Abraham Teter. 
 
 18 Uel. Whiteside. 
 
 19 Aug. Clermont. 
 
 20 Henry Byron. 
 
 21 Francois Arnois. 
 
 22 John Whitesides. 
 
 23 Denis Vallantin. 
 
 24 Pierre Martin, Sr. 
 
 25 Pierre Gaudin. 
 
 26 Louis Lebrun. 
 
 27 Baptiste La Becasse. 
 
 28 Leon Lepage. 
 
 29 Paschal Courrier. 
 
 30 Edward Hebert. 
 
 31 Francois Turgeau, Sr. 
 
 32 Paul Campeau. 
 
HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 33 Hubert Delorme. 
 
 34 Louis Gendron. 
 
 35 John Meudron. 
 
 36 Benjamin Casterland. 
 
 37 Pierre La Jeunesse. 
 
 38 Alexis Chartran. 
 
 39 William Scott, Sr. 
 
 40 Simon Le Page. 
 
 41 John Lambert, Sr. 
 
 42 Claude St. Aubin. 
 
 43 Francois Chevallier. 
 
 44 Louis Beille. 
 
 45 Raphael Danvesion. 
 
 46 Antoine Girardin. 
 
 47 Francois La May. 
 
 48 Louis Delonchant. 
 
 49 John Grondines. 
 
 50 Arthur Everraan. 
 
 51 Jacob Colard. 
 
 52 Frank Osborn. 
 
 53 Lewis Noland. 
 51 John Wilson. 
 5o John Porter, Sr. 
 
 56 Williaru Adams. 
 
 57 Abraham Clarke. 
 
 58 William Blair. 
 
 59 Thomas Talbot. 
 
 60 John Teter. 
 61, John Porrier. 
 
 62 Samuel Wilson. 
 
 63 William Rporiman. 
 
 64 Jesse Waddle. 
 
 65 William Porter. 
 
 66 Thomas Porter. 
 
 67 Philip La Flame. 
 
 68 Thomas Lacouture. 
 
 69 John Jarvis. 
 
 70 Franklin Jarvis. 
 
 71 Hosea Biggs. 
 
 72 Bapt. Bergeron. 
 
 I do hereby certify that the above list of voters for the election 
 of a representative for the county of St. Clair is true and ju»t. 
 Cahokia, the 5th day of January, 1799. 
 
 George Blair, Sheriff of St. Clair county. 
 We do certify that the above is the true original. 
 
 John Dumoulin, \ j^^j„gg 
 George Atchison, j ^ ' 
 
 William Arundel, 
 John Hay, 
 
 Clerks. 
 
 The orthography of those. 183 names contained in the above list 
 may guide us in determining the nationality of the said voters. 91 
 seem to have been French, 90 American or Eoglish, 3 German and 
 1 Irish. A further analyzation of the vote shows that the nation- 
 ality question was wholly ignored, Bond receiving 54 American, 58 
 French. and 1 German votes ; while D*rneille, the defeated candi- 
 date, received 36 American, 33 French, 2 German and 1 Irish 
 votes. 
 
 Another election was held at Cahokia on the 7 th of December, 
 1802, to elect three representatives to go to Vincennes, and there to 
 meet the convention, " to be held there on the 20th of December, 
 for the purpose of sending to congress our grievances." The 
 officers of this election were John Hays, sheriff; Dumoulin and 
 Atchison, judges; John Hay and L'OBval, clerks. The successful 
 ' candidates were Shadrack Bjnd, Sr., Jean Frangois Perry and 
 John Mordock. Biggs, Darneille, Arundel and Lemen were de- 
 feated. 
 
 May 21, 1805, Shadrack Bond and William Biggs were elected 
 representatives to the territorial legislature. Bond becoming a 
 member of the legislative council in 1806, resigned, when his nephew, 
 Shadrack Bond, Jr., was elected to fill his vacancy, and was re- 
 elected together with Biggs in 1807. 
 
 Oct. 10, 1812, William Biggs was elected to the legislative coun- 
 cil, and Jacob Short and Joshua Oglesby were elected to the house 
 of representatives of Illinois territory. Jacob Short resigned in 
 1813, and John Mordock was elected to fill said vacancy, Nov. 10, 
 1813. All these elections were held at Cahokia. In 1814, Belle- 
 ville became the county seat, and 'subsequent elections were held at 
 this place. 
 
 Poll list and return of the first election held in St Clair county, 
 after the admission of Illinois as a state, Sept. 17, 1818. 
 
 Election polls begun and held at Belleville, for and within the 
 county of St. Clair, in the Illinois territory, on Thursday, the 17th of 
 September, 1818, to elect the following members to organize and 
 form the. Government of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the Con- 
 stitution passed in August, 1818, and by virtue of a writ of election 
 to me directed,, to elect one Governor, one Lieutenant-Governor, one 
 
 Representative to Congress, one Senator to the General Assembly, 
 three Representatives to the Assembly, one Sheriff, and one Coroner. 
 
 Thomas Gillham and James Rose, sworn judges of the election, 
 and John Hay, clerk. 
 
 Wm. Scott, Sr , George Stout, Sr., Thomas W. Talbott, David 
 Chance, James W. Whitney, Wm. Beer, Sr., John Hill, Henry 
 Stout, James Kimberling, Moses Short, John Rider, James Marney, 
 Edward Ceciil, Peter Rittenhouse, Charles R. Matheney, David 
 Lowe, Noah Matheney, Silas Mozee, Caleb Lacy, James Glass, 
 Joseph Penn, Arthur Morgan, Jacob Stout, Daiiiel Stookey, Fran- 
 cis Swan, Wm. Calbreath, Laurant Schanberger, Joseph Boneau, 
 Auguste Trottier, Baptiste Grondine, Thomas Chartrand, Joseph 
 Pepin, Antoine La Coune, Denis Delorme, Reuben Samuel, E. 
 Lemieux, Louis Pepin, Jos. Lepage, Gabriel Marleau, Julien Mer- 
 cier, Pierre Gueirr, Joseph Gonville, N(3el Godin, Pierre Marleau, 
 George Dixon, Shelton Allphin, Robert Lemen, William Padfield, 
 Jr., Joseph Lemen, John Tetor, Baptiste AUny, James Watts, 
 Evans Barnes, Archer Ballard, Meredith Cooper, Ezekiel Jones, 
 Ichabod Allen, Louis Lepage, Frangois Trottier, Jacob Huffman, 
 Wm. Moore, Stephen Ballard, Stephen Cooper, Clayton Tiffin, 
 Jacob Young, Menan Mills, Joseph Primm, Benjamin Watts, 
 Pliilip Smith, Wm. McMurray, Samuel Scott, John Steel, Alex- 
 ander Cavines, Robert White, Wm. Payton, Wm. Scott, Jr., Tap- 
 ley Young, Peter Right, Hugh Alexander, Levi Primm, Thos. Ray, 
 Israel Robinson, Wm. Adair, Abel Tirke, John Melemore, Samuel 
 McDonald, Robert Moore, Samuel Mitchell, Wm. Sample, Elward 
 Mitchell, Joseph Pepin, Simon Bertrand, Louis Jervais, Wm. M. 
 Brewer, Joseph Dixon, David Spark.-^, James Moore, John Hancock, 
 Thomas Quick, John Chaoman, Robert Abernathey, John Prentice, 
 Joseph Chance, Mark Ward, Robert Thomas, Aaron Primm, 
 Joseph Ogle, Jr., John D. Thomas, Abraham Badgley, Daniel 
 Iman, Henry Inman, Abraham Iman, Wm. Short, Sam. Redman, 
 Wm. Penn, Jacob Iman, Joshua Oglesby, Wm. T. Kincade, Leo 
 Tibigin, Matthew Cox, David Cox, Geo. W; Lott, Patrick Hogan, 
 Tolly B. Wade, Robert Gooding, Bennett Million. Seth Crocker, 
 Simon Stookey, Wm. Miller, Peter Grant, Benjamin Hale, Wm. 
 Hilt, Philip A'inyard, Moses Stookey, Samuel Allen, James Babet, 
 James Walker, James McCann, Thomas Coats, Wm. Atcheson, 
 Jacob Can, James Black, Wm. Johnson, John Thompson, Philip 
 Upton, Thomas Beer, Daniel Beer, Joseph Beer, John Anderson, 
 Robert Stockton, Abram Duff, Martin Dial, John Lymmes, Benja- 
 min Phillips, Patrick Huggin-s, Elvia Allen, Geo. Mitchell, Green 
 Hill, Daniel Bonham, Joshua Woods, Redman Strickland, Henry 
 Randleman, Rjbert L. Rankin, Anthony Badgley, Robert McClure, 
 Johu Meekum, Wm. G. Brouen, Jonathan Sharp, Sam. Bonham, 
 John Primm, Sr , John Stountz, Aaron Badgley, Abram Varner, 
 Sylvester Merrill, John Russell, John Ward, John Leech, Benja- 
 min Campbell, John Broom, Stephen Lacey, Samuel Steel, Paul 
 Kingston, James Simpson, John L Whiteside, Wm. Stout, Patrick 
 Johnson, Alphonso C. Stuart, David Knight, Isaac Baisey, Jacques 
 Martin, Dazire Clouard, Wm. O. Watts, Wm. Bonham, Henry 
 Funderburg, Richard Right, John B. Robinson, Solomon Teter, 
 Thomas Moore, Rawby Rolls, Robert Huffman, Jarrard Buckey, 
 Benjamin Million, Henry Null, James Brewer, Tobias Bright, Wm. 
 Grignion, Wm. Hind, Joseph Riggs, John Arnett, Benjamin Wood, 
 Wm. Barton, Johu Wilcox, Wm. Telford, Matthew Pate, Benj. 
 Ogle, John Chamless, Wm. Rutherford, Alexander Scott, Jacob 
 Ogle, Sr., Jacob Earnest, Joseph Trotter, E. Daout, Wra. Arnoure, 
 A. Brisson, Samuel Webster, Pierre Godiu, Abram Bunker, Joseph 
 Padfield, Marshal Hawkins, Thomas Skidmore, Smith Crane, B. 
 Paradie, P. Godin, Joseph Nealy, Samuel Sharp, David Cohen, 
 Jeseph Fry, Dausey Wilderman, Nathan Fike, John Castleberry, 
 
72 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 M. Farriere, Alexander George, Robert Chestney, JIarshal Dun- 
 can, Wm. Stallions, Thomas Chestney, AVm. Hill, Wni. Holcomb, 
 David Badgley, Wyatt Strickland, Eli Ward, Moses Land, Aaron 
 Shock, John Randleman, Martin Baker, Wm. Simpson, George 
 Matthews, Thomas Cjx, Thomas Harrison, John Wells, Lee G. 
 Jennings, Sam. C. Myers, Nathan Tatman, Robert Middleton, Joel 
 Beaver, Washington West, Wm. Moore, James Estep, Levi Tider, 
 John" Cotton, Daniel Pierce, Samuel Honny, James Philips, Wm. 
 Fowler, Wm. Small, Samuel Crane, Louis Boismenu, James Hon- 
 song, John Cotton, Jr., Henry Nealy, Hugh MeClintoek, John 
 Boucher, John Kingston, Zachariah Hays, Christopher Fowkes, 
 Silas Crane, Louis W. Myers, Samuel Beedle, Moses Quick, Jas. 
 AV. Davidson, Daniel Thompson, James Kuight, John Reynolds, 
 John Ham, Joseph Kerr, James Rose, Daniel Murray, Z. Holcomb, 
 Antoine Poupart, B. Lapambere, B. Cheionard, Pascal Poupart, 
 Joseph Celine, Paul Poupart, Charles Beinier, Joseph Ruelle, 
 Joseph Poupart, Jr., M. St. Yve, Joseph Grandmaison, Wm. 
 Ratcliff, Joseph Chinei, James Lemen, Louis 'Lo Compte, 
 Calvin Day, Joseph Gueret, Joseph St. Jean, M. Pincon- 
 neau, Louis Gregoire, Joseph Gravelle, P. Gramlin, P. Lavaniere, 
 Jean Boisnenieu, Baptiste Le Compte, Vachel Hinton, Baptiste 
 Manegle, Paul Tremble, Michel Berneshe, Louis St. Jean, Louis 
 Labuxiere, Joseph Derloge, George Blair, Jean Beaulieu, Philip 
 Laplamme, Israel Strait, Charles Beaugenon, Charles Biron, John 
 Newcom, Daniel Murphy, Jonas Shook, Hosea Rigg, Curtis Moore, 
 Baptiste La Coune, Zachariah Stephenson, John Stanley, Nicholas 
 Boneau, George W. Wilky, Joseph Langlois, Louis Godiu, John 
 Burns, Auguste Chartrand, J. Lamotte, Jacqties Vanier, Henry 
 Taylor, Atlas Moore, Whitfield ToUenshend, Daniel Million, P. 
 Laperche, Ett Pinconneau, Wm; Griffin, H. Davis, Henry Hutton, 
 Charles Leathers, Bird Estes, George Scott, Ed. D. Summers, John 
 Enochs, Lewis Hening, John Crocker, Nicholas Turgeon, Nathan- 
 iel McGomerry, Baptist Dubuc, Edward Bradley,' James Buck, 
 Henry Crowl, Wm. Lunceferd, James Brown, Franklin Jarvis, 
 John Scott, James Read, Aaron Quick, Joseph Scott, Thomas 
 Padfield, James Nichols, Larkin Norris, Jonathan Roskin, George 
 Wilderman, James Padfield, John Thomas, Wm. McGomerry, 
 Henry Walker, Louis Pinconneau, Wm. Walker, Major Heireng, 
 Pleasant Randolph, Samuel Piles, Wm. Piles, Henry Wilderman, 
 L. Pennington, John Simmons, John Jarvis, John Atkemon, John 
 Walker, Joseph Cornelius, Middleton Crane, iJames Wilderman, 
 Richard Dogget, Francis Wilderman, Thomas Smith, James W. 
 Bradsby, James Foster, Isaac Quick, Charles B. Walker, Wm. 
 Rittenhouse, Wm. Hendricks, Ransom Caudle, Louis Petit, Joseph 
 Young, Clement Rigg, Joseph Wilderman, Peter Hill, Joseph 
 Land, Lewis Land, Ephraim Perkins, Davis Whiteside, Hiram 
 Virgin, Jesse Perkins, Enoch Hale, Samuel HuflT, Michael Ratcliff, 
 John W. Johnson, Anthony M. Thomas, Joseph Holcomb, Wm. 
 Prian, Hugh Cunningham, Thomas Primm, John Crane, Wm. 
 Rittenhouse, Francis Crop, Stephen McGhehou, Wm. Bledsoe, 
 Gaven Bledsoe, Pleasant Goings, John McCully, ^Vm. Higgins, 
 Joseph Bonham, Elijah Rittenhouse, Wm. Journey, 'Jacob Lunce- 
 ford, John Manna, John E. Horn, George Snaggart, Malcolm 
 Johnson, Seth Hodges, Thomas Stubblefield, Daniel E. Bailess, 
 James Anderson, James Taunehill, Henry Allen, Joshua Perkins, 
 James Jenkins, Stephen Whiteside, Joseph Cavenah, Thos. Welsh, 
 A. Johnson, N. Hill, Julius Nichols, Solomon Miller, Wm. L. 
 Whiteside, Wm. Philips, Robt. Harrison, Thomas Knighton, 
 William Right, Thomas Nichols, Davis Whiteside, Joel Jackson, 
 M. Bonham, Jabus Liquor, Daniel Wise, Wm. Baker, N. Hornet, 
 Charles Hiraes, John Lowe, George Slayton, John C. Potter, Wm. 
 Padfield, Sr., Henry I. Goode, Solomon AUen^ A. Tremble, John 
 
 J. Whiteside, Robert Duncan, J. Manville, John Ryan, Jesse B. 
 Thomas, John Rutherford, AVilliam Vinyard, Wm. Warnduflf", 
 Green W. Short, F. K. Wise, Hugh Smiley, B. Cotton, R. Pullham, 
 Louis Duvall, D. Davis, Timothy Bennett, James Woods, Neal 
 Kennedy, Daniel Philip, Lemon Abbe, Samuel Tozer, Wm. Alex- 
 ander, Jacob Whiteside, Elijah Rittenhouse, Risdon Moore, Robert 
 K. McLaughlin, David Hill, Henry Mace, Isaac Hickman, B. 
 Virgin, John Allen, Miner Allen, David Matthews, Stephen Brewer, 
 Joshua Clark, Levi Day, Nathan Morgan, Jacob Ellis, Levi Ellis, 
 Wm. C. Purdy, Joseph Ogle, Jacob Ogle, Elihu Reynolds, David 
 Emert, John Scott, Robert Ranson, Wm. Virgin, Job Badgley, A. 
 McMurty, James Pullham, Andrew McCrae, Jeremiah Philips, 
 Edmon Kennedy, John Lacey, John Whiteside, Alexander Nash, 
 James Carlin, Asa Stroud, William Mean, Henry Talbot, Richard 
 Chapman, Wm. A. Beand, James D. Thomas, John Messinger, 
 Wm. Kinney, Wm. Biggs, Thomas Gillham, John Hays, John 
 Hay, Stephen Wilcox, John Gibbon, John Bud. 
 
 The following are the names of the candidates, and the number 
 of votes each received from the above named voters : 
 
 For Governor Shadrach Bond 436 votes 
 
 r " Lieut. " Pierre Menard 262 " 
 
 "j " " " Wm. L. Keynolds 97 " 
 
 I '• " " Edward N. Cullom 124 " 
 
 / " Congre.ss Daniel P. Cook 396 " 
 
 I- " " John McLean 107 " 
 
 r " State Senator .... Wm. Kinney 294 " 
 
 *■ " " " .... Wm. Biggs 252 " 
 
 f " State Representative . James D. Thomas . '370 " 
 
 I " " '' . John Mefsinger 342 " 
 
 I " " " . Eisdon Moore 240 " 
 
 I " " " . Cornelius Gooding 240 " 
 
 " " " . Jacob Ogle 205 " 
 
 1- " " " .P.Mitchell 75 " 
 
 " Sheriff Wm. A. Beaird 256 " 
 
 Wm. Bigg?, Jr 208 " 
 
 " " Robert K. McLaughlin 89 " 
 
 " Coroner Job Badgley 184 " 
 
 " Tliomas W. Talbott 119 ■' 
 
 ' " H. Sharp ng .' 
 
 [ •' " S. Myers 16 " 
 
 This election closed at three o'clock on Saturday, the third day of ■ 
 said election, whereupon it appears that Wm. Kinney is duly elect- 
 ed Senator of the Assembly, John Messinger and James D. Thomas 
 elected Representatives, Risdon Moore and Cornelius Gooding be- 
 ing equal on number of votes, Wm. A. Baird elected asSheriflf, and 
 Job Badgley as Coroner. 
 
 Thos. Gillham, 1 
 James Rose, | Judges. 
 
 John Hays, Sheriflf, 
 Attest, John Hay, Clerk. 
 
 Belleville, September 19th, 1818. 
 
 Elections lasted from two to three days. Voting took place viva 
 mce. County or local elections seem to have interested the people 
 in those years much more than Federal elections. To illustrate 
 which, we shall give here the numbers of votes polled in 1820. The 
 local election took place in August, when 619 voters appeared at 
 the polls, while the Presidential election, in November, brought out 
 but 185 voters. 
 
 Up to the date of this election the county had had but one place 
 of election, or poll-Cahokia, from 1790 to 1814, when, on the re- 
 moval of the county-seat to Belleville, the poll was also located 
 there. 
 
 The County Court established an election precinct for the town- 
 
HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 73 
 
 ship of Cahokia, poll to be at the house of AugustePensoneau— on 
 the 14th of September, 1821. For Chamber township and parts of 
 Ogle snd Silvercreek, townships, poll at the house of William Tal- 
 bott, at Lebanon— December 1821. For Manville and Silvercreek 
 June 4, 1822, poll at the house of Joshua Perkins, at New Athens. 
 And for Spring township, with poll at Columbia, May 8, 1824. 
 
 The boundaries of these precincts were not accurately defined and 
 we find that in June, 1826, the following order was issued : 
 Chamber township, and parts of Ogle and Silvercreek townships 
 
 shall form precinct No. 1, with poll at Lebanon. 
 Manville township and the other adjacent people shall form precinct 
 
 No. 2, poll at the house of Reuben Lively. 
 Cahokia and Illinois townships shall form the 3d precinct, voting 
 
 place at the house of Nic- Boismenne, in Cahokia. 
 Belleville township to be the 4th precinct, with poll at the court- 
 house. 
 From this day on, various changes have been made, whenever 
 the county authorities saw proper so to do. We forbear to give the 
 details of those changes, and will merely state that at present the 
 county is divided into sixteen political townships, and that each of 
 these townships forms an election precinct. Oiir readers will find 
 a more detailed account of these townships or precincts in another 
 chapter of this work, and we shall confine ourselves merely to a re- 
 cital of their names, their population in 1880, and the number of 
 votes cast at the general election of said year, to wit : 
 
 INHABITANTS. VOTES OAST. 
 
 Belleville precinct 17,109 3,415 
 
 East St. Louis, 9,977 1,805 
 
 Athens, 3,823 696 
 
 St. Clair, 1,639 294 
 
 Centreville 3,520 640 
 
 Mascoiitah 4,944 893 
 
 Cahokia, 1,974 359 
 
 Fayetteville 3,342 607 
 
 Lebanon 3,674 668 
 
 Summerfield 1,676 305 
 
 Caseyville, 1,452 264 
 
 Richland, 3,334 607 
 
 n'Fallorf, 3,042 553 
 
 Prairie du Pont, 1,249 227 
 
 Shiloh 792 144 
 
 French Village, 539 93 
 
 Totals, 62,031 
 
 11,581 
 
 We have heretofore made the assertion that the population of 
 the county about the year 1800, was larger than the figures given 
 by former authors; the non-voting population of Indians and 
 Negroes are of course not included. 
 
 1799. 1st election 185 votes 
 
 1805. 3rd ," 182 " 
 
 1812. 5th " 338 " 
 
 1818. 7th • " 556 " 
 
 The following is the population of St. Clair county from 1800 
 to 1880: 
 
 1800 1,255 
 
 1810 5,007 
 
 1820 5,248 
 
 1830 7,078 
 
 1840 13,631 
 
 1850 20,180 
 
 1860 37,694 
 
 1870 51,068 
 
 1880 , 61,850 
 
 The archives in the court house at Belleville give no clue as to 
 10 
 
 the authority upon which the election of January 5, 1799, was 
 held. 
 
 The election of 1802 was ordered by the then Governor of the 
 Indiana Territory; the original proclamation is on file in the 
 court-house, in words and figures as follows : 
 
 By William Henry Harrison, Esq., Governor and Commander- 
 in-chief of the Indiana Territory. 
 
 A PEOCLAMATION. 
 
 Whereas by my proclamation of the 23d inst. an election for 
 representatives to a general convention was directed to be holden ; 
 In compliance with the wishes of the good people of thu Territory, 
 expressed to me in sundry petitions, — 
 
 And wuereas it is expedient that the said convention should be 
 assembled as soon as possible, — I have thought proper to appoint, 
 and do by these presents appoint Monday, the 20th of December 
 next ensuing for that purpose, and each and every person who shall 
 be duly returned as a represantative to the said convention is re- 
 quired to give his attendance at the Town of Vincennes on the said 
 20th of December. 
 
 Done at Vincennes the 24th of November, in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand eight hundred and two, and of the Independence 
 of the United States the twenty-seventh. 
 
 In testimony of which I have hereunto set my hand and have 
 caused the seal of the Territory to be afiixed. 
 
 William Henry Harrison. 
 By the Governor, 
 
 John Gibson, Secretary. 
 
 This document is endorsed as follows : 
 
 In obedience to the within writ, an election was held on Tuesday 
 
 December 7, at the court-house in St. Clair county, when Shadrach 
 
 Bond, Jean Francois Perrey and John Mordock, Esquires, were 
 
 elected representatives to the convention. 
 
 In testimony whereof, etc., etc., 
 
 John Hays, SheriS^. 
 
 The election of 1805 was held in consequence of a similar pro- 
 clamation which is also on file in original, worded as follows : 
 
 Indiana Territory ^ ss.' 
 
 By William Henry Harrison, Governor, etc., etc. 
 
 " Whereas by a resolution of the House of Representatives of 
 the 6th of February last, the election held on the 8d day of Janu- 
 ary preceding, for a representative to the General Assembly of the 
 Territory from the county of St. Clair, was declared null and void, 
 and whereas by an act of Congress, passed at their last session, the 
 county of Wayne is from and after the 30th of June next ensuing 
 to be formed into a separate Territory. Now therefore to the end 
 that the said county of St. Clair may have the proportion of repre- 
 sentatives in the Legislature to which its population entitles it, and 
 that the number of members composing the House of Representa- 
 tives after the 30th day of June next, may be made conformable to 
 the law creating the Indiana Territory, I have thought proper to 
 issue this my proclamation, hereby making known that an electioij 
 will be held in the county of St. Clair on Monday, the 20th day of 
 May next, for two persons to represent the said county in the House 
 of Representatives for two years, from and after the said 3Qth of 
 June next, and I do further make known and declare, that from 
 and after the said 30th of June next, the House of Representatives 
 of the said Territory shall consist of seven members." 
 
 The proclamation is signed and endorsed as the one above. 
 
 The first election held in and for the Territory ot Illinois was or- 
 dered by the following proclamation, viz. : 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 By Niniaa Edwards, Governor and Commander-in-chief of the 
 Illinois Territory. 
 
 A PEOCLAMATIO:^. 
 
 Whereas by my proclamation of the 14th of March last, elec- 
 tions were directed to be held in the several counties, in order to 
 give the freeholders thereof an opportunity of expressing their 
 wishes relative to the organization of a General Assembly in the 
 Territory. 
 
 And whereas it appears to my satisfaction that a majority of 
 them were in favor thereof, I do hereby order that elections be held 
 in the several counties of this Territory, on the 8th, 9ih and 10th 
 days of October next, for the purpose of electing a delegate to 
 Congress, members of Council, and Representatives in the Assem- 
 bly ; the election to be held for the county of Madison at the house 
 of Thomas Kirkpatrick ; for the county of St. Clair at the court- 
 house, in the town of Cahokia ; for the county of Randolph at the 
 court-house, in the town of Kaskaskia ; for the county^ of Gallatin 
 at Shawneetown ; and for the county of Johnston at the house of 
 John Bradshaw 
 
 And I do hereby assign to the county of Madison one. Represen- 
 tative, to the county of St. Clair two, to the county of Randolph 
 one, to the county of Gallatin two, and to the county of Johnston 
 one. 
 
 Done at Kaskaskia, the 14th day of September, 1812, and of the 
 independence of the U. S. the 37th. 
 
 NiNiAN Edwards. 
 By order of the Governor, 
 
 Nathaniel Pope, Secretary. 
 
 The governors of those days used plain coarse paper, no printed 
 forms whatever. The papers had as water mark the name of C. 
 Patch, and the year 1799. 
 
 LAND GRANTS IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 The bishop of Quebec, in Canada, then New France, in July 1698, 
 granted letters patent to the Seminary of Foreign Missions, at 
 Quebec, for the establishment of a mission for the Tamarois and 
 Kahokias, two Indian tribes in S. W. Illinois. In pursuance of this 
 authority the mission of St. Sulpice was established among said 
 tribes, and a village grew up, called the Holy Family of Caoquias. 
 The missionaries seem to have enjoyed and executed a full control 
 of affairs subject to no power other than their superiors of ths Sem 
 inary of Quebec. La Salle, after descending the Mississippi river to 
 its mouth in 1682, had given to the vast valley the name of Loui- 
 siana in honor of King Louis XIV. of France. The first ofiBcial 
 mentioning of the name, however, occurred thirty years later, when 
 on the 14th of September, 1712, the king of France granted to 
 Antoiue Crozat, letters patent to the whole commerce of the country. 
 Disappointed in his expectations of finding precious metals, Crozat 
 surrendered his patent to the crown in 17 1 7. The Duke of Orleans, 
 then regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. estab- 
 lished the Company of the Indies, to whom was granted all Loui- 
 siana, with power to grant away the royal domain. The early 
 records of this state show numerous grants made by this company, 
 and among them one of particular interest for this county; we give 
 its contents in full. 
 
 We, Pierre Duguet de Boisbriant, first lieutenant of the king in 
 the province of Louisiana, Commandant in the Illinois, and Marc 
 Antoine de la Loire des Ursins, principal commissary of the Royal 
 company of the Indies. 
 
 On the demand of the missionaries of the Caoquias and Tamarois, 
 to grant them a tract of four leagues squares, in fee simple, with 
 the neighboring island, to be taken a quarter of a league above the 
 
 small river of Caokias, situated above the Indian village, and in 
 going up following the course of the Mississippi and in returning 
 towards the fort of Chartres, running in depth to the north, east 
 and south for quantity. We, in consequence of our powers, have 
 granted the said land to the missionaries of Caokias and Tamarois 
 in fee simple, over which they can, from the present, work, clear 
 and plant the land, awaiting a formal concession which will be sent 
 from France by the directors general of the Royal company of the 
 Indies. 
 At Fort Chartres, this 22d of June, 1722. 
 Signed, 
 
 BoisBEiANT, Des Ursins. 
 
 This grant was recognized by the French government in August 
 1743, acting through Mons. Vaudrieul, then governor, and Jalmon, 
 commissary, of the province of L)uisiana. Upon this grant the 
 missiouariiis established their church and village, granting in their 
 turn portions of this large tract of land to settlers. From 1763 to 
 1778 the territory was under the control of England, then it was 
 occupied by the State of Virginia, which, in its turn ceded the 
 territory to the United States by deed, March 1st, 1784. Neither 
 England nor Virginia interfered with those French grants made to 
 individuals. An act of Congress October 20, 1783, provides for 
 the confirming of all these grants, and instructs the governor of the 
 Western Territory to proceed to the French settlements on the 
 Mississippi to examine the titles of those settlers. Thus originated 
 a class of titles, known as Governor's confirmations. The laws of 
 Virginia granted so-called improvement rights, of 400 acres each, 
 to actual settlers. The Cahokia head of family rights also of 400 
 acres each, were granted by Congress to every head of family hav- 
 ing resided at Cahokia in the year 1783. 
 
 We find in the records of the county a power of attorney given 
 by the inhabitants of the French settlements on the Wabash, to 
 Bartholomew Tardiveau, then judge of the common pleas court at 
 Cahokia, to act as their agent at Congress for the purpose to de- 
 mand and obtain for them the confirmation of their ancient rights 
 and further grants. 
 
 The power of attorney is dated October 7, 1787, signed by 51 
 inhabitants and the following magistrates: Pierre Gamelin, M. 
 Perrot, G. Gibault, pr6tre ; P. Gruerre, Paul Gamelin, Jean Tonga, 
 Joseph St. Marie, Antoine Doriette, J. E. Deline, Michel Broulut, 
 Jean Hunot and J. M. P. Legras, first magistrate. 
 
 Antoine Gamelin, 
 
 Notary and Register. 
 
 Tardiveau must have been successful. He remained at the seat 
 of government several years, as appears from the records of that 
 period. Congress, on the 3d of March, 1791, made provision for 
 further land grants to settlers at Vincennes and in the Illinois 
 country. 
 
 Another land title originated from the so-called militia rights, of 
 100 acres each, for services rendered as militia men prior to 1790, 
 of which rights not less than 255 were claimed before the clerk of 
 the county in November, 1798. 
 
 The records of the county show, that besides those 225 militia 
 rights, there were claimants for 43 Virginia improvement and for 
 about 160 Cahokia head rights, governor's confirmations and Caho- 
 kia court rights. Sjme individuals were entitled to head and militia 
 rights at the same time, so that there were no more than about 400 
 individual grantees within the present limits of the county. 
 
 These numerous grants, hovf ever, did not benefit the many ; they 
 became the source of wealth to a few, who had the means to buy 
 the claims and the foresight to appreciate their value. 
 
 Tha archives of the court-house at Bolleville, contain a memoran- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 75 
 
 dum book, in the handwriting of a most accurate clerk — John Hay, 
 which gives an almost complete account of those grants, by whom 
 originally owned and to whom subsequently conveyed. The chapter, 
 on " Pioneers and Early Settlers," recites the names of parties who 
 ■were entitled to head rights, improvement rights, etc., each of 400 
 acres of first quality land, and the chapter on " Patriotism," gives 
 the muster roll of our militia men, to whom the militia rights, each 
 1 00 acres of second quality land, were granted. Mr. John Hay's little 
 memorandum book, commenced November 5th, and closed Novem- 
 ber 30, 1798, gives the names of the few parties, who kept their 
 claims, and also the names of those, who had purchased the rights 
 of others. The lands, which had been granted to about four hun- 
 dred individuals, had passed in less than seven years into the hands 
 of 89 persons, whose names will here appear, as also the quality of 
 lands claimed by them and upon what grounds, on the following : 
 
 TABLE. 
 
 Claimants and kinds of grants claimed. 
 
 Name. 
 
 t la 
 
 n £ Q O 
 
 C CCS 
 
 { 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 No.Acrfs. 
 
 590 
 
 400 
 
 1200 
 
 Acres. 
 400 
 400 
 
 Acres. 
 
 200 
 
 Acres. 
 1190 
 
 
 800 
 
 Georere Atchison 
 
 900 
 400 
 700 
 100 
 
 'ioo 
 
 2100 
 
 fi^niaDsin Evram's heirs 
 
 
 400 
 
 Daniel McCann 
 
 
 
 700 
 
 Henrv Cook 
 
 
 " '400 
 800 
 100 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 !Kttienne Pensoneau 
 
 120 
 
 120 
 
 John Moore ■ 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 Joseph Harris 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 David Waddle ,.■ 
 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 300 
 
 Alexander Waddle 
 
 
 100 
 
 Peter Carterline 
 
 333 
 40( 
 
 
 .f^'^'? 
 
 Joseph Ogle 
 
 
 
 400 
 
 William Whiteside 
 
 '306 
 400 
 400 
 400 
 
 
 300 
 
 Abram Reine's heirs 
 
 
 
 400 
 
 Daniel Tolley 
 
 
 
 400 
 500 
 200 
 
 
 
 100 
 200 
 
 
 
 Jacob Judy 
 
 
 206 
 
 200 
 
 Hamnel Judy 
 
 200 
 1826 
 200 
 400 
 400 
 772 
 400 
 
 900 
 
 John DumouliD 
 
 
 
 IS^Xi 
 
 (Tcorge Laneeford 
 
 
 100 
 
 600 
 
 12(j0 
 
 100 
 
 300 
 
 William St. Clair 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Josiah Bleakly 
 
 
 1000 
 
 872 
 
 400 
 
 1200 
 
 1100 
 
 1400 
 
 400 
 
 400 
 
 500 
 
 400 
 
 400 
 
 400 
 
 200 
 
 15-20 
 
 400 
 
 200 
 
 800 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 inn 
 
 
 
 John Hay 
 
 
 John Clevea Symmes 
 
 800 
 800 
 
 400 
 200 
 200 
 400 
 400 
 100 
 
 Wiiliam Biggs 
 
 100 
 1200 
 
 Henry O'Hara 
 
 
 
 George Valentine 
 
 
 
 Georpe Hendricks 
 
 
 400 
 400 
 300 
 
 206 
 
 Nic. Smith's heirs 
 
 
 
 
 lUO 
 
 
 400 
 
 Jatnes Cramoiir 
 
 Jean Francois Perrv 
 
 1020 
 
 500 
 
 Isaac West 
 
 400 
 
 Chrit-toph Smith's heirs 
 
 
 200 
 
 4U0 
 
 William Scott 
 
 
 400 
 200 
 200 
 
 
 
 Andrew Kinnev 
 
 
 100 
 900 
 
 Shadrach Bond, Jr 
 
 
 William Turnbull 
 
 
 
 900 
 100 
 400 
 400 
 200 
 
 Michael \J Onval 
 
 10( 
 
 400 
 
 400 
 
 Tobias Brchefe 
 
 James Henderson 
 
 
 
 Jean B. Chartrand 
 
 200 
 8200 
 
 
 
 
 2ioc 
 
 10( 
 10( 
 20t 
 
 10300 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 James Piggott 
 
 520 
 
 400 
 
 1120 
 
 Levi Piffsott 
 
 Pierre Zipp, heirs..., 
 William Arundel..., 
 William Atchison ., 
 William Morrison .. 
 
 John Lyie , 
 
 Jacob Groots' heirs.. 
 
 Joseph Trotier 
 
 Nic. Jarrot 
 
 John Rrice Jones..., 
 
 W. Mcintosh 
 
 Enoch Nox 
 
 Leonard Carr 
 
 John Edgar 
 
 John Sullivan 
 
 Benjamin Rodgers.. 
 
 Abner Stallion 
 
 James Lemen , 
 
 Larken Eiitherford. 
 
 Thomas Bradley 
 
 John Capps 
 
 Anthony Badgley... 
 .Abraham Eyman ... 
 Joseph Fouchette... 
 
 George Demint , 
 
 Samuel Kinney 
 
 Mopes Short , 
 
 John Wheldon , 
 
 John Dimpsey , 
 
 John Murdock 
 
 John Porier 
 
 Danitl Sink 
 
 Totals . 
 
 400 
 400 
 100 
 
 400 
 
 160 
 
 1198 
 
 2240 
 
 3100 
 
 270 
 
 28800 
 
 400 
 '400 
 
 400 
 
 160 
 100 
 
 57909 
 
 400. 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 400 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 100 
 100 
 700 
 
 400 
 400 
 400' 
 400 
 
 500 
 400 
 
 10500 
 
 "ioo 
 
 200 
 "400 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 200 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 200 
 
 100 
 200 
 200 
 
 300 
 400 
 
 13200 25500 
 
 500 
 800 
 200 
 400 
 100 
 100 
 500 
 160 
 1298 
 5 340 
 3800 
 270 
 400 
 39700 
 400 
 500 
 400 
 700 
 800 
 400 
 400 
 100 
 100 
 160 
 200 
 200 
 400 
 100 
 400 
 500 
 100 
 200 
 
 96609 
 
 A glance at this list of names will show to the reader which nationality had 
 the means to purchase and the foresight to appreciate the values alluded to 
 above. Fully four-fifths of the original grantees were French. Of their 
 three hundred names we find twelve on our list. 
 
 It may also be stated here, that ten out of those eighty-nine claimant 
 signed their names by a mark. 
 
 LANDS. 
 
 The first sale of farm land within the present limits of St. Clair 
 county, made a matter of record, took place on the 5th of February, 
 1793. Previous transactions have reference to buying and selling of 
 homesteads and dwelling-houses in the villages, and ihe prices paid 
 are regulated by the value of those houses and improvements. As an 
 illustration of this it may suffice to state that Thomas Brady and 
 Marie Joseph L'Archeveque sold a house and lot in Cahokia, on 
 the 16th of March, 1793, for 825.00, while the house of Joseph 
 Marie sold to Nic. Jarrot on the 30th of March, brought $200. 
 
 In the first of the above-mentioned transactions, Joseph Lambert 
 conveyed a 400 acre tract near Sugar-loaf mound, three miles south- 
 west of Cahokia, to Philip Engel for $120. Engel sold this tract, 
 to Nicolas Jarrot on the 12th of March, 1795, for $200. Is is now 
 subdivided into 7 tracts, containing from 8 acres to 131 J each, owned 
 by Aggie Lunceford, Anthony Volk, Johanna Miller, Philip Ens- 
 minger, Sebastian Maurer, Frank Horiue and Jacob Jung, and is 
 estimated to be worth at least $22,000. 
 
 The transactions in farm lands were by no means numerous. 
 Lands could be had for the asking of them, as more fully appears 
 from the remarks herein made about land-grants, head-rights, dona- 
 tions, improvement-rights and militia rights. 
 
 March 10th, 1796, Isaac West sells to William Arundel a tract 
 of 400 acres of land, 7 miles south of Cahokia for $125.00. 
 
 The first recorded sale of a militia right 100 acre claim of second 
 quality land took place on the 7th of January, 1796, sold by Joseph 
 Chennie of Cahokia, to William Arundel for $17.00. John Brady 
 sells his militi^ right for $16.00. Joseph La Plant for $15 50, Au- 
 gustin Clermont for $12.00, from which it would appear that second 
 quality lands, unimproved, were worth about 15 cents per acre at 
 the close of the last century. 
 
'6- 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The so-called head-rights, or family rights, containing 400 acres 
 each, do not show this uniformity in price. 
 
 The two mentioned above, and another one sold by M. Lambert 
 for $170 seem to have brought the best prices. Thomas Brady sells 
 his head-right to AV. Arundel in 1794 for $45.00, and William St. 
 Clair bought the head-rights from Joseph Boisvenne and Mary 
 Mooney for $20 each. These are the only original claims conveyed 
 by formal deeds, and they seem to have had at the time mentioned 
 an average value of 20 cents per acre. 
 
 The organization of Kandolph county in 1795, of Madison, Galla- 
 tin, and" Johnson, in 1812, and of Monroe in 1816, reduced the 
 county of St. Clair to its present boundaries, containing six hundred 
 and sixty-five square miles, bounded on the north by Madison, on 
 the east by Clinton and Washington, on the south by Eandolph and 
 Monroe, and on the west by the Mississippi river. 
 
 The earliest subdivisions of the county have not been made a 
 matter of record. 
 
 At the close of the century in 1798, six townships are mentioned, 
 viz. : Cahokia, Turkey Hill, Clinton Hill, TAigle, Fountain and 
 Goshen. 
 
 In 1816, however, by order of the county court, May 16, the fol- 
 lowing nine townships were established. 
 
 CAHOKIA. 
 
 Beginning at the bluff on the Madison county line, thence west 
 on the said line to the Mississippi, thence southwardly with said 
 river to the boundary line of Monroe county, thence east to the bluff, 
 thence northward with the bluffs to the place of beginning. 
 
 OGLE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Beginning on llie bluff on the Madison line, thence east on said 
 line to Silver creek, thence down Silver creek to the mouth of Hays' 
 creek, thence in a direct line to Jacob Ogle Esquire, so as to include 
 Ogle in said township, thence in a direct line to Hendricks, so as to 
 include Hendrick in said township. 
 
 TUEKEY HILL TOWNSBIP. 
 
 Beginning at the mouth of Hazel creek, thence down Silver creek 
 to AViliiam Rittenhouse, thence in a direct line to Turkey Hill near 
 William Scott, Sr., thence with the Meridian line to Jacob Ogle, 
 Esquire. 
 
 CLINTON HILL TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Beginning at Turkey Hill, thence west to the bluffs, thence up the 
 bluffs to Ogle township. 
 
 SPRING TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Beginning at the Bluff, thence with the bluff to Monroe line, 
 thence with said line to the waters of Prairie du Long, thence down 
 Prairie du Long to the mouth of Richland creek, thence up the 
 Richland to the Base line, thence with the Base Hue to the be- 
 ginning. 
 
 SCOTT TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Beginning at W. Rittenhouse on Silver creek to the mouth of 
 said creek and down Kaskaskia river to Randolph line, thence with 
 said line to Spring township line, thence with said line to the mouth 
 of Richland creek, thence up Richland creek to the base line, thence 
 Avith the base line to Turkey Hill, thence with the Turkey Hill 
 township line to the beginning. 
 
 CHAMBER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Beginning at Madison line on Silver creek thence .with said line 
 to Looking-Glass Prairie, thence down said Prairie with the road 
 
 leading from Fort Chamber to Sugar creek, thence with said road 
 to Ead's old mill on Silver creek. 
 
 SILVER CEEEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Bsginning at Ead's old mill on Silver creek, thence down Silver 
 creek to the mouth and down Kaskaskia river to the county line so 
 as to include all the inhabitants east of the Kaskaskia river within 
 the line of the county, following said line to the south-east corner 
 of Chamber township to the place of beginning. 
 
 SUGAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Beginning at the settlement on Sugar creek and all eastwardly 
 below the Madison line. 
 
 After the organization of the State of Illinois, another subdivision 
 of the county into political townships was had on the 20th of June, 
 1820, with the following result :— Cahokia, Illinois, Ogle, Belleville, 
 Spring, Turkey Hill, Scott, Manville, Silver Creek and Chamber 
 townships. 
 
 At a later period these political townships became election pre- 
 cincts. The reader will find a full description of these townships, 
 or election precincts, under the heading "Elections," in this 
 
 chapter. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 Administration of the Affairs of the County. 
 
 The civil governmentof the county since its organization, April 
 14, 1790, was entrusted to Jean Baptists Barbeau, John Dumoulin> 
 James Piggott, Shadrach Bond, Philip Engel, Jean Baptiste Sau- 
 cier and George Atchison, Esquires and Justices, and as such, 
 members of the court of common pleas. On the 28th of September, 
 1795, Governor Arthur St. Clair appointed William St. Clair in 
 the place of Jean Baptiste Barbeau. William St. Clair oflnciated 
 also as probate judge, and Dumoulin usually presided at the 
 sittings of those justices, until 1802, when his name ceases to ap- 
 pear. Dumoulin died in 1805. 
 
 The county government was conducted in this manner until 
 October, 1813. During this period of time, 1795 to 1813, the 
 county records mention also the names of James Lemen, William 
 Biggs, Jean F. Perrey, Nicolas Jarrot, William Whitesides, Uel. 
 Whitesides, David Badgely, James Bankson, Samuel S. Kennedy, 
 John Finley, Jacob A. Boyes, George Caldwell, John G. Loften, 
 AVilliam Scott, Enoch Moore, William Gillham, in connection with 
 conducting the county government. They were all justices. 
 
 In October, 1813, the first county court was held. Its officers were: 
 
 Jwiges. — John Thomas, Jr., William Biggs, Caldwell Cairns. 
 
 Clerk. — John Hay. 
 
 Sheriff. — John Hays. 
 
 This court continues in office until the second Monday in Febru- 
 ary, 1810, when a new county court is organized with : 
 
 Judges. — William Biggs, Risdon Moore, Benjamin Watts. 
 
 Clerk and sheriff as before. 
 
 By act of the territorial legislature, January 12, 1818, this court 
 goes out of existence, a court of justices is re-established and re- 
 mains in power until the state organization takes place. The offi- 
 cers of this justice's court were : John Hay, Peter Mitchel, Henry 
 Walker, Jacob Ogle, Jr., Thomas Cohen, Abel Fike and Thomas 
 Gillham. 
 
 This brings us up to the state organizat'on, which gives the county 
 a board of commissioners as administrative authority. The gov- 
 ernor appointed, June 17, 1819, the first board, viz : 
 
 Ut JSoard.— Cornelius Gooding, E. P. Wilkinson and Clayton 
 Tippon. 
 
 2d Board, 1820 to 1822.— Elected Jacob Ogle, Jr , Edmund P. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Wilkinson and Joseph Trotier. Wilkinson resigned in 1821, and 
 James Mitchell was elected to fill this vacancy. 
 
 3d Board, 1822 to 1824.— William Rutherford, James Tanne- 
 hill and Abel Fike. 
 
 4<fe Board, 1824 to 1826.— William Rutherford, Abel Fike, and 
 John Stuntz. 
 
 Uh Board, 1826 to 1828.— John Middlecoff, John Stuntz and 
 Peter Mitchell. 
 
 &th Board, 1828 to 1830.— John Middlecoff, John Stuntz and 
 Peter Mitchell. 
 
 lih Board, 1830 to 1832.— Williame Moore, Abel Fike and 
 Abram Badgley. 
 
 bih Board, 1831 to 1834.— Abram Badgley, James Anderson, 
 and John Murray. 
 
 9<7i Board, 1834 to 1836. — James Anderson, John Murray and 
 Benjamin F. Smith. 
 
 IQth Board, 1836 to 1838.— Benjamin F. Smith, W. G. Goforth 
 and George Temple. 
 
 In 1838 commissioners were elected to serve one, two and three 
 years respectively. 
 
 ll//i Board, 1838.— E. G. Porter, Samuel Ogle and Jacob Eyman 
 12th Board, 1839. — Same members. 
 
 13th Board, 1840. — G. S. Porter, Jacob Eyman and James Glass. 
 Glass resigned in 1841, 
 
 nth Board, 1841. — Jacob Eyman, Richard Bradsby and J. T. 
 Darrel. 
 
 15th Board, 1842.— Richard Bradsby, J. T. Darrel and D. T. 
 Moore. 
 
 IQth Board, 1843. — Richard Bradsby, D. T. Moore and Simon 
 Stookey. 
 
 nth Board, 1844. — Same members. 
 
 18iih Board, 1845. — Richard Bradsby, Simon Stookey and Ansby 
 Fike. 
 
 19th Board, 1846.— Richard Bradsby, Ansby Fike and John 
 Irwin. 
 
 20//t Board, 1847. — Ansby Fike, John Irwin and Abraham 
 Badgley. 
 
 21sf Board, 1848 — Same members. 
 
 The board of county commissioners was abolished by the consti- 
 tution of 1848, and the administration of county affairs placed in 
 the hands of a county court, composed of a county judge and two 
 associate justices. (See Probate Judges) 
 
 This court conducted the affairs of the county to January 24, 
 1874, when the system of county commissioners was re-established 
 as provided by the constitution of 1870. 
 
 The commissioners were elected in November, 1873, but owing 
 to an imperfection in the law, could' not take charge of their offices 
 until a special act of the legislature had corrected said imper- 
 fections. 
 
 1st County Board, under this law, 1874. — C. L. Emmerich, 
 August Chenot and Joseph Veile. 
 
 2d Board, 1875. — C. L. Emmerich, August Chenot and F. C. 
 Horn. 
 
 3d Board, 1876.— C. L. Emmerich, F. C. Horn and Frank 
 Poignee. 
 
 4th Board, 1877. — F. C. Horn, Frank Poignee and Henry Barthel. 
 
 5th Board, 1878. — Same members. 
 
 6th Board, 1879.— Same members. 
 
 7th Board, 1880.— F. C. Horn, Frank Poignee and Louis Ploudre. 
 
 8th Board, 1881, (present Board.) — Frank Poignee, Louis Plou- 
 dre and C. H. Fietsam. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE CIRCUIT COURT. 
 
 Our chapter on Bench and Bar will treat this subject more 
 elaborately. We will here merely introduce the names of the Hon. 
 Judges who held court, and also the names of prosecuting attorneys, 
 and masters in chancery. 
 
 Judges. — Hon. Jesse B Thomas, 1815 to 1817 ; Dan. B. Cook 
 and John Warnock, in 1818 ; John 'Reynolds, 1819 ; Joseph 
 Philips, chief justice Nov , 1819, and June, 1820 ; John Reynolds, 
 eleven terms in succession, from August 12, 1820 to August, 1824 ; 
 Samuel McRoberts, March term, 1825 ; Richard M. Young, three 
 terms, August, 1825 — March and August, 1826; Theophilus W. 
 Smith, five terms, from March, 1827, to August, 1828 ; Thbmas C. 
 Brown, August term 1829; T. W. Smith, ten terms, from Sept., 
 1830 to April, 1834; Thomas Ford, March, 1835; Sidney Breese, 
 from 1835 to 1842 ; James Semple May term, 1843 ; James Shields, 
 August term, 1843, and May and October terms, 1844; Gustavus 
 Koerner, May and Oct. terms, 1845 ; W. H. Underwood, from 
 April, 1849, to August, 1855 ; Sidney Breese, 1855 to 1857 ; W, 
 H. Snyder, 1857 to 1861; Joseph Gillespie, from October, 1861 to 
 October, 1873 ; W. H. Snyder, present judge, since October, 1873. 
 
 PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. 
 
 William Mears, 1815 to 1817 ; C. R. Matheny, to 1819 ; Nicolas 
 Hansen and W. H. Brown,pro tern., Nov. term, 1819 ; William Mears, 
 in 1820; S. D. Lockwood, in 1821 ; A. W. Snyder, 1822; James 
 Turney, attorney-general, to 1825 ; Alfred Cowley, circuit attorney 
 to 1832 ; James Semple, district attorney to 1834 ; Ninian Edwards, 
 prosecuting attorney, pro tern. Sept.. 1834 ; Jesse B. Thomas, attor- 
 ney-general to 1837 ; U. F. Linden, attorney-general to 1838 ; Jo- 
 siah Y'lsk, pro. tern., three successive terms in 1838 and 1839; G. 
 W. Olisey, in 1839; Joseph Gillespie, pro tern., 1839; W. H. 
 Underwood to 1844; W. H. Bissell, 1844; Philip B. Foulk, 
 from 1852 to 1854 ; W. H. Snyder, 1854 to 1856 W. C. Kinney, 
 1856 to 1858 ; A. W. Metcalf, 1858 to 1860 ; John B. Hay, 1860 
 to 1868; R. A. Halbert, 1868 to 1872; C. P. Knispel, 1872 to 
 1876; G. W. Brockhaus, 1876 to 1880; R. D. W. Holder, 1880 
 to date. 
 
 MASTERS IN CHANCERY. 
 
 These oflBcers hold their positions by virtue of appointment by 
 
 the court. 
 
 The following gentlemen have held this office in St. Clair county : 
 W. C. Kinney, P. B. Foulk, W. W. Roman, G. W. Brackett, 
 
 Nathaniel Niles, C. W. Thomas, G. A. Koerner, C. P. Knispel and 
 
 Fred. Scheel, the present incumbent since 1879. 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 
 The records mention the following as sheriffs, irrespective of time 
 of appointment:— William Biggs in 1795; George Blair in 1799 ; 
 and John Hays in 1802. 
 
 The latter remained in office many years, and was succeeded by 
 William A. Beaird. 
 
 After the organization of the State, the following citizens held 
 this responsible position, viz. : — 
 
 William A. Beaird from 1819 to 1830 
 
 John D. Hughes 
 
 
 1830 to 1834 
 
 John Claypool 
 
 
 1834 to 1836 
 
 Charles Sargent 
 
 
 1836 to 1838 
 
 S. B. Chandler 
 
 
 1838 to 1846 
 
 Dav AV. Hopkins 
 
 
 1846 to 1850. 
 
 .)ohn Irwin 
 
 
 1850 to 1852 
 
 Thomas Challenor 
 
 
 1852 to 1854 
 
78 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 John Galbraith from 
 George C. Hart 
 P. Mayer " 
 
 Edw. H. Flemming " 
 John Galbraith " 
 
 Frederick Ropiequet " 
 Charles Becker " 
 
 James M. Stookey " 
 James W. Hughes " 
 Herman G. Weber " 
 Frederick Ropiequet " 
 
 1854 to 1856. 
 1856 to 1858. 
 1858 to 1860. 
 1860 to 1862. 
 1862 to 1864. 
 1864 to 1866. 
 1866 to 1868. 
 1868 to 1870. 
 1870 to 1874. 
 1874 to 1880. 
 1880 to 
 
 The sheriffs of the county were ex-offioio collectors of revenue. 
 The amounts of revenue collected, though insignificant amounts in 
 the beginning, viz., 8917.78 in 1810, have gradually assumed huge 
 dimensions, $354, 114.34 in 1880. The whole amount of revenue 
 collected by county officers in the county exceeds twelve millions 
 of dollars. Let it be said here that these vast sums have all been 
 accounted for. True, there were a few instances, where the col- 
 lectors could not pay up promptly, but the amounts wanting were 
 comparatively small, and were in every instance restored to the 
 county. 
 
 CIECUIT CLERKS. 
 
 The first circuit court for St. Glair county was held at Belle- 
 ville on the twelfth day of June, 1815. Its first order was to ap- 
 point a clerk, whose name was John Hay, July 12th, 1815, who 
 held the office for twenty-six years. W. C. Kinney was appointed 
 in 1841, and resigned April 1st, 1845. 
 
 Theodor Engelmann succeeded him, being appointed by the 
 court on said day, was elected in 1848, and held the office until 
 1852. 
 
 W. S. Thomas was elected. in 1852, and remained in office until 
 1864. In the election of 1864 F. Karsch had been chosen clerk, 
 but he died before qualifying, and Thomas held over. Benjamin 
 Boneau was elected in 1861 for the balance of the term, and re- 
 ceived a commiseion from the the governor ; but Thomas refused 
 to vacate the office. Boneau brought suit, but the court decided 
 in favor of the incumbent, who served until 1864. 
 
 Henry A. Kircher was clerk from 1864 to 1868. G M. Boeder 
 from 1868 to 1872. Charles Becker from 1872 to 1880. G. H. 
 Stolberg, the present incumbent, succeeded Becker December Ist, 
 1880. 
 
 The circuit clerk has thus far been ex-officio recorder of deeds. 
 The population of the county had now increased to over sixty 
 thousand, when, under the statutes of the State, the office of recorder 
 was separated from that of circuit clerk. 
 
 J. A. Willoughby was elected to this position, and holds the 
 office for four years from December 1st, 1880. 
 
 PROBATE JUDGES. 
 
 The officers or judges of the court of common pleas first, and the 
 court of county commissioners next, transacted the probate busi- 
 iress of the county up to May 7th, 1821, when judges of probate 
 took charge of that branch of the public business. 
 
 Edmund P. Wilkinson occupied the position from said date, 
 August 4th, to May term, 1823. He was then succeeded by John 
 Hay, who officiates as such to August 12th, 1842. His records are 
 most accurately kept, carefully indexed, and all proceedings signed 
 by himself. The last record so signed was dated August 12th, 
 1842. Probate record C, page 89, contains, however, an entry of 
 proceedings had before him, the minutes of which are not in Mr. 
 Hay's handwriting, nor do they bear his signature ; they are dated 
 
 September 3d, 1842. The worthy judge had been called to attend 
 another court, a higher one. 
 
 JohQ D. Hughes had charge of the office from the tenth of 
 December, 1842, to December, 1849. 
 
 In 1848 the new constitution created a county court, with one 
 judge, having probate jurisdiction and providing for two associate 
 justices, all to hold office for four years. Under this law there were 
 elected : — 
 
 1849-1853.— Nathaniel Niles, judge ; Abraham Badglpy and S. 
 M. Thrift, associates. 
 
 1853.— Nathaniel Niles, county judge ; C. W. Schoeck and Ansby 
 Fike, associates. 
 
 1857.— Nathaniel Niles, county judge; James M. Whitacker and 
 John Thomas, associates. 
 
 1861.— John D. Hughes, county judge ; William Krafft and C. 
 L. Emmerich, associates. 
 
 1865.— John D. Hughes, county judge, and William Krafil and 
 C. L. Emmerich, associates. 
 
 Hon. John Hughes died in 1868, when — 
 
 1868— F. H. Pieper was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 1869. — F. H. Pieper, county judge; and Joseph Veile and C. L. 
 Emmerich, associates. 
 
 The constitution of 1870 created a county board of three mem- 
 bers, to be elected for three years, leaving the probate business to 
 be transacted by the county judge, as heretofore. F. H. Pieper 
 was re-elected in 1873, and in 1877. His present term will expire 
 in 1881. 
 
 -COUNTY CLERKS. 
 
 John Hay, whose name the reader has met on these pages before 
 as that of a most accurate, diligent and faithful officer, appears as 
 clerk of the county in the last decade of the eighteenth century, 
 and received his commission as such July, 1809. 
 
 The county records of the fifty years following its organization 
 are, so to say, his work, and an admirable one, indeed ! John Hay 
 resigned the office of clerk on the 22d of August, 1836. Of him 
 Governor Reynolds says: "He worked while life lasted, and died 
 praising God." 
 
 Richard Randle was appointed on the same day, holding the 
 office to August 31st, 1837. 
 
 James M. Charles, elected in 1837, resigned on the fifth of Sep- 
 tember, 1838, " for reasons too well known to your honorable body 
 to need further explanation." Lewis Morris was appointed clerk, 
 pro tem. 
 
 J. M. Reynolds was elected in 1838 to fill the balance of Charles' 
 term of office, was re-elected in 1839, and died in his office, June, 
 1843. 
 
 W. McClintock was apppointed to fill this vacancy, and was 
 elected in 1843 for a full term. 
 
 John Scheel succeeded him, and held the office from 1849 to 
 1857. 
 
 W. W. Roman was elected in 1857, but died before the expira- 
 tion of his term, in Septembe^, 1861. Bernhard Wick succeeded 
 him, by being appointed and by election to two successive terms, 
 1861 to 1865, and 1865 to 1869. 
 
 Sebastian Fietsam was clerk from 1869 to 1873, when he was 
 succeeded by L. C. Starkel, who was re-elected in 1877, and is the 
 present incumbent. 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 John Johnston, appointed June 7th, 1819, served until 1825; was 
 succeeded by W. A. Beaird, from 1825 to 1827 ; Sylvester Merrill 
 from 1827 to 1829 ; John Winstanley from 1829 to 1831 ; Thorn- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 79 
 
 ton Peeples from 1831 to 1833; Sylvester Merrill from 1833 to 
 
 1835 ; Timothy Hinckley, 1835 to 1837 ; W. B. Davis from March 
 
 10th, 1837, to September, 1837 by appointment ; Abraham Badg- 
 
 ley from 1837 to 1839 ; John Ward from 1839 to 1843 ; Solomon 
 
 Miller from 1843 to 1845 ; William Moore from 1845 to 1847 ; 
 
 John Scheel from 1847 to 1849 ; Jacob Eyman from 1849 to 
 
 1853; J. W. PuUiam from 1853 to 1855; Charles W. Schoeck 
 
 from 1855 to 1857; Charles Seitz from 1857 to 1859; John Kit- 
 
 tenhouse from 1859 to 1863 ; Herman G. Weber from 1863 to 
 
 1867 ; Edward Rutz from 1867 to 1873; F. Ropiequet from la73 
 
 to 1875; G. W. Sieber from 1875 to March, 1878; when he was 
 
 detected as a defaulter to a large amount ; M. T. Stookey, the 
 
 present incumbent, became his successor, and was re-elected in 1879. 
 
 The treasurers were ex-officio county assessors. The amounts 
 
 of money placed in their hands were not so large as those collected 
 
 by the sheriffs, still they amounted to millions of dollars. In 
 
 this case we have to state a heavy defalcation, that of G. W. 
 
 Sieber, mentioned above. It amounts to over twenty-six thousand 
 
 dollars. Sieber, who had fled, was arrested at or near California, 
 
 in Missouri, and brought back to Belleville. He was put in 
 
 jail, bailed out by John Gross and John Lang, trusting friends, 
 
 who, in their turn, were also deceived by the guilty man, making 
 
 his escape soon after being released /rom imprisonment. He is still 
 
 at large, and it is said that he now lives in the city of Mexico. 
 
 COEOSTEES. 
 
 The functions of coroners prior to the organization of the State 
 were performed, as circumstances required it, by the then jus- 
 tices; their reports were duly filed and recorded, as hereintofore 
 mentioned. We will here briefly state the names of county 
 coroners, and their respective terms of office ; — 
 
 Job Badgley, 1818 to 1820; Samuel Redman, 1820 to 1824; 
 John Pulliam, 1824 to 1828 : Jacob Eyman, 1828 to 1832 ; Sam- 
 uel Philips, 1834 to 1836; Moses Stookey, 1838 to 1840; Alex- 
 ander Reany, 1840 to 1842; M. J. Gannon, 1844 to 1848; James 
 Scott, 1848 to 1854; William Kelley, 1856 to 1860; Theodor 
 Joerg, 1862 to 1864: David Miley, 1864 to 1866; Gustav Wetz- 
 lau and Thomas Scott, 1886 to 1868 (Wetzlau having resigned) 
 Theodor Joerg, 1868 to 1870; William "^ Kelley, 1870 to 1872 
 John N. Ryan, 1872 to 1874; Philip Schildknecht, 1874 to 1876 
 Timothy Caaty, 1876 to 1878; and John Brader, 1878, re-elected 
 in 1880, present incumbent. 
 
 SCHOOL COMMISSIONEES OR SUPERINTENDENTS. 
 
 William Moore, 1832-1833; Sylvester Merrils, 1833; Smyth 
 Moore, 1843 ; George C. Hart, 1847.; David McFarland, 1849 ; 
 Joseph Hypes, 1853; George Bunsen, 1855; John H. Dennis, 
 1861; E. H. Palmer, 1863; August Whiting, 1865; James P. 
 Slade, 1867 ; John P. Givillim, 1873 ; died in office. James P. 
 Slade appointed Feb. 2d, 1875, and subsequently elected. James 
 McQuilkin, present incumbent since 1879. 
 
 COUNTY SURVEYORS. 
 
 John M. Messenger, elected in 1835, died in office in November, 
 1838 : was succeeded by C. M. Messenger, 1839 to 1847 ; William 
 Moore, 1847 to 1849 ; W. L. Deneen, 1849 to 1855 ; Fred. Graner 
 1855 to 1857 ; Sharon Tyndale, 1857 ; resigned March 31st, 1861 
 Gustavus F. Hilgard, 1861 to 1863 ; Henry Holbrook, 1863 to 1865 
 Edward Rutz, 1865 to 1867; Gustavus F. Hilgard, 1867 to 1877 
 Louis Graner, present incumbent since 1879. 
 
 A list of the names of persons who have represented St. Clair 
 County in the General Assembly, of the State of Illinois, and the 
 yiar when elected. 
 
 SENATORS. 
 
 William Kinney 1818 
 
 James Lemen 1820 
 
 William Kinnej 1822 
 
 James Lemen 1824 
 
 James Lemen 1826 
 
 Risdon Moore, Jr 1823 
 
 Risdon Moore, Jr 1830 
 
 Adam W. Snyder 18.S2 
 
 Adam W. Snyder 1834 
 
 John Mui-ray 1836 
 
 John Murray 1838 
 
 Adam W. Snyder 1840 
 
 James A. James, (District Senator.). 1840 
 
 Seth Cantlin* 1842 
 
 Seth Cantlin* 1844 
 
 J. L. D. Morrison 1848 
 
 Edward Omelveny 1852 
 
 J. L. D. Morrisonf , . 1854 
 
 William H. Underwood 1856 
 
 William H. Underwood 1860 
 
 A. W. Metcalf 1864 
 
 Willard C. Flagg 1868 
 
 W. H. UnderwoodJ 1870 
 
 John Hincheliff. 1872 
 
 Jefferson Rainey 1874 
 
 John Thomas? 1878 
 
 EEPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 1818. 
 1820. 
 
 1822. 
 
 1824. 
 
 1826. 
 1828. 
 1830. 
 1832. 
 
 1834. 
 1836. 
 1833. 
 1840. 
 1842. 
 1844. 
 1846. 
 
 f Risdon Moore, 
 I J. D. Thomas. 
 ( Risdon Moore, 
 i Charles P. Matheny, 
 1 David Blackwell. 
 
 {Riodon Moore, 
 Jacob Ogle, 
 Joseph Trolier. 
 I Risdon Moore, 
 \ Abraham Eyman, 
 I David Blackwell. 
 J John Reynolds, 
 \ David Blackwell. 
 f John Reynolds, 
 \ William G. Brown. 
 ( William G. Brown, 
 \ Jacob O^le. 
 f John Middlecoff, 
 \ John Stuntz. 
 ( John D. Hughes, 
 -j William Moore, 
 ( Joseph Green. 
 ( Joseph Green, 
 ■I John Stuntz, 
 ( William Moore. 
 ( John Thomas, 
 .j William W. Roman, 
 (. Vital Jarrot. 
 f Lymanj^rumbuU, 
 -j David Baldwin, 
 ( Daniel T.Moore. . 
 
 {G. Koerner, 
 Phillip Penn, 
 Amos Thompson. 
 ( Amos Thompson, 
 ■j Samuel Anderson, 
 (. J. L. D. Morrison. 
 i John Reynolds, 
 .j William H. Underwood, 
 (. Samuel Stookey. 
 
 1848. 
 
 1850. 
 1852. 
 1854. 
 1856. 
 1858. 
 1860. 
 1862. 
 1864. 
 1866. 
 1868. 
 1870. 
 
 ' 1872. 
 1874. 
 1876. 
 1878. 
 1880. 
 
 ( Edward Abend, 
 \ Simon Stookey. 
 (. S. B. Chandler, 
 f Herbert Patterson, 
 t Williatn PI. Snyder, 
 f William H. Snyder, 
 \ John Reynolds. 
 I Albert H. Trapp, 
 t William C. Kinney. 
 f Vital Jarrot, 
 t W. H. Roman. 
 ( John Scheel, 
 t Vital Jarrot. 
 f Vital Jarrott, 
 \ Samnel Stookey. 
 J Jos. B. Underwood, 
 \ John Thoma.s. 
 / Nathaniel Niles, 
 \ John Thomas. 
 ( A. B Pope, 
 \ Amos Thompson. 
 f James R. Miller, 
 \ Alexander Rose. 
 ( J. R. Miller, 
 ( G. Koerner. 
 
 {Bern hard Wick, 
 Luke H. Hite, 
 John Thomas. 
 {William G. Kase, 
 John Thomas, 
 James Rankin, 
 f John W.Wells, 
 ■j Alonzo S. Wilderman, 
 ( James M. Wittaker. 
 ( Thos. Jennings, 
 -j Joseph Veile, 
 (. Henry Seiter. 
 ? Philip H. Pi stel, 
 -j John N. Perrin, 
 y Joseph Veile. 
 
 Sometimes St. Clair County was a district by itself, sometimes it was associa 
 ted with other counties to form a district ; we have given the names of all 
 persons who have ever represented it. 
 
 For list of Senators and Representatives, we are under obligations to Hon. 
 George H. Harlow, former Secretary of State. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 Court-Houses. 
 The first proceedings of the county officials of the new county of 
 St. Clair were held in a private dwelling-house at Cahokia. The 
 grounds on which said house was erected were purchased by Antoine 
 Girardin, John Dumoulin and Philip Engel, then acting as judges 
 of the common pleas court, from Francois Saucier on the 8th day 
 of October, 1793. "The deed of conveyance describes the property 
 as follows : " All that certain messuage or dwelling-house, (now con- 
 verted into a prison and court-house) and lot of land thereto belong- 
 ing, situate in the village of Cahokia, bounded in front by the street 
 next to the river, on the east by a vacant lot, commonly known by 
 the name of the " Parade," on the south by a lot now belonging to 
 
 * Elected to flit a vacancy occasioned b.v resignation of Adam W. Snyder, 
 ■f Elected to fill vacancy on death of Omelveny. 
 X Elected on adoption of the New Cunstitation. 
 g Present incumbent. 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 John Dumoulin, Esquire, and on the west by a street running be- 
 tween the said lot and the lot of the widow Boilieu." The purchase 
 price was one thousand dollars. On the 12th of December, 1794, 
 the above mentioned judges caused the following declaration to be 
 put on record : 
 
 " Now, know ye, that the said Antoine Girardin, John Dumoulin 
 and Philip Engel do hereby declare that their names were and are 
 and made use of in the said above recited indenture in trust only 
 for the public uses of the county of St. Clair, in pursuance of, and 
 according to, the. true intent and meaning of a Territorial Law, 
 made and passed at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton on the 
 l3t day of August, in the year 1792, entitled ; An Act, directing the 
 building and establishing of a court-house, county jail, pillory, 
 . whipping-post and stocks in every county." The building here 
 mentioned and described is still in existence, and the reader is re- 
 ferred to the history of Cahokia precinct for particulars. 
 
 Cahokia remained the capital of St. Clair county for about Li4 
 years. An agitation to remove the county-seat to a more central 
 part of the county had commenced early in 1813. At the December 
 term, 1813, the court of common pleas, composed of John Thomas, 
 Jr., William Biggs and Caldwell Cairns, ordered the clerk to notify 
 John Hay, James Lemen, Isaac Enochs, William Scott, Jr., Nathan 
 Chambers, JacobShort and Caldwell Cairns, commissioners appoint- 
 ed by the legislature to fix upon a place for the seat of justice of 
 this county, to meet at the house of Col. Whiteside, on the 25th of 
 January, 1814, and to make return at the next February term, un- 
 der their hands and seals. 
 
 These commissioners reported in April, 1814, as follows : 
 " In pursuance of a law passed by the legislature of Illinois Ter- 
 ritory, on the 10th of December, 1813, at the village of Kaskaskia, 
 for the purpose of fixing on the place of holding courts in the coun- 
 ties of Madison, St. Clair and Johnson, and by .«rtue of a written 
 order issued from the court of common pleas, directed to us. Com- 
 missioners for the county of St. Clair, to meet on the 25th of Janu- 
 ary, 1814, at the dwelling-house of Col. William Whitesides, for the 
 purpose of fixing the seat of justice for the said county of St. Clair, 
 we, the commissioners, met, agreeable to order, all being present, 
 and made no decision for the want of the law, and the proper officer 
 to administer the oath required in that case. We then adjourned, 
 and appointed to meet on Monday, the 14th of February, at the vil- 
 lage of Cahokia, and we met accordingly, and postponed our deci- 
 sion for further consideration and view of situation and plac3. Then 
 appointed to meet at the dwelling-house of George Blair, and met ac- 
 cordingly, all being present. A majority could not agree, then we 
 again postponed our decision, and appointed to meet on Thursday, the 
 10th of March, at the said dwelling-house of George Blair, and we, a 
 majority of said commissioners, have agreed, and fixed the county- 
 seat of St. Clair county on the land of George Blair, and have 
 marked a place for that purpose, about 25 rods north-east from the 
 dwelling-house of the said George Blair, in his corn-field, and we, a 
 majority of said commissioners, further report, that the said George 
 Blair has proposed and agreed to give a donation for the use and 
 benefit of said county of St. Clair, of a public sqifare containing one 
 acre of land, for the purpose of erecting public buildings thereon, 
 and to relinquish twenty-five acres of laud, adjoining next around 
 the public square, and he also proposes to give every fifth lot of land 
 of the twenty-five acres, exclusive of the streets, a donation for the 
 use and benefit of the county. 
 
 Given under our hands and seals, this 10th day of March, 1814. 
 Isaac Enochs, James Lemen, 
 
 Jacob Shokt, Nathan Chambees, 
 
 John Hay. 
 
 This report was accepted by the court, who, at the same term, 
 ordered that a court-house and jail be erected at the new county-seat. 
 The erection of the new court-house at the site thus selected, laid 
 the foundation of the city of Belleville, until then known under the 
 name of Clinton Hill, or, as other writers say, Compton Hill. George 
 Blair came into court at the said April term, and promised to have 
 conveniences made by next June term to hold the court at his place. 
 He received six dollars for hauling benches and tables from the 
 court-house at Cahokia. 
 
 SECOND COURT HOUSE. 
 
 In September term, 1815, of the court of common pleas, an order 
 was made for the building of this court-house. The contract was 
 let to Etienne Pensoneau. The court-house, a frame building, was 
 completed and received on the 10th of September, 1817. The con- 
 tract price of $1,525.00 was but partly paid, and the county re- 
 mained in debt to Etienne Pensoneau about 81200. In June, 1819, 
 the sheriff" was ordered to sell so many lots in Belleville as would 
 bring money enough to pay Mr. Pensoneau this balance still due 
 and unpaid. The site of this court-house was on the public square 
 in Belleville. 
 
 THIKD COURT-HOUSE. 
 
 In September, 1827, the court had to make arrangement for 
 building a new court-house, as the Etienne building was al- 
 together too small for the county business. This building was 
 erected under the superintendency of William Fowler, who had a 
 final settlement in December, 1831, from which it appears that the 
 building had been completed in the month of June in said year. 
 This court-house stood fronting the north side of the public square. 
 
 The cost of this building cannot be accurately stated. The county 
 drew the necessary funds from Gov. Edwards. The money used was 
 principally so-called " State paper," worth at the time from 76 to 
 80 cents per one dollar. Fowler seems to have drawn $3,189.85 ; 
 the building was of brick. It was sold, after the erection of the 
 present court-house, on the 29th of March, 1861, to AV. Friedlander, 
 for $106.00. 
 
 FOURTH COURT-HOUSE. 
 
 The building of the present court-house was commenced in 1859, 
 and completed in 1861. The erection of this court-house was super- 
 intended by the members of the county court. The funds to defray 
 the expenses of the work were borrowed and disbursed by members 
 of said court direct, without first paying them into the treasury and 
 drawing them out on warrants based on vouchers. The building 
 materials were bought and labor was hired by said members. The 
 court contracted various loans, amounting in the aggregate to $85,- 
 5:0. Besides this, the court issued $18,666.00 in county warrants, 
 made payable to its members, and used them also to raise the 
 necessary funds. In 1861 there was a further issue of county orders, 
 amounting to $11,445.08 in direct payment for work on the new 
 building, so that the whole amount expended seems to have been 
 $115,111.08. Of this amount the members of the court disbursed 
 $103,666.00. On the 2d of January, 1862, John Thomas filed an 
 account of his receipts and disbursements in the matter, from which 
 it appears that he had charged himself * ith $17,613.45, all of which 
 is properly accounted for by vouchers on file. Nathaniel Niles had 
 filed his accounts of the new court-house on the 13th of December, 
 1861, when they were laid over for further examination. They 
 were finally disposed of, March 9, 1864, by allowing to Mr. Niles 
 on voucher number 3933 the sum of .$365 69— a balance found to 
 be due to him. The court-house, although completed in 1861, seems 
 to have needed various finishing touches, and the sums appropriated 
 for that purpose in 1832 and 1833 amount to $4,334.98. 
 
EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 81 
 
 JAILS. 
 
 The first court-house, mentioned heretofore, was also used as a 
 jail. On the 28th of April, 1812, however, the court of Common 
 Pleas contracted with Francois Turcott, Stephen Peuseneau and 
 Augustine Penseneau for the building of a new jail or goal. Con- 
 tract and specifications are on file, the latter being as follows : 
 
 A jail to be built, logs to be 18 and 14 feet long and wide, a parti- 
 tion in it so as to make a room of seven feet on the west, hewed logs, 
 8 inches thick for the floor, seven feet between the floors, 2 rounds 
 of logs above the upper floor, to be covered with clapboards, cabin 
 fashion, done well, the logs to be 12 inches in diameter at the small 
 end, if hewed to be ten inches thick, all to be done of good oak tim- 
 ber ; the outer door hung as the old door and hinges will do ; the 
 roof to be weighted with heavy logs. Bid off by Francois Turcott, 
 Stephen Pensineau and Augustine Pensineau, March 25, 1812, at 
 $200,00. 
 
 This jail was erected on the court house grounds at Cahokia, and 
 com[)leted on the 1st of October, 1812. 
 
 The second jail was erected in Belleville ; it was built by Henry 
 Sharp, in February, 1816. The contract price was $360.00. It 
 stood near the first court-house on the public square. 
 
 The present jail was erected in 1848, on the north-west lot in the 
 south-east block in Belleville, sold to the county by Antoine Lob- 
 singer for $312.00, April 5, 1848. 
 
 Simon Eiraer contracted for the building on the same day, and 
 had it completed by the 1st of March, 1849. He received $7,977.70 
 for his work, which was $22.30 less than the contract called for. 
 
 POOE-IIOTJSE. 
 
 The poor-house grounds, 40 acres in section 16, 1 — 8 N., were 
 bought of Henry C. Million March 23d, 1844, for $450.00. Simon 
 Stookey conducted and superintended the construction of this county 
 Asylum. The buildings were erected in 1844, at a cost of $1149.40. 
 The county continued to add to those buildings as urgent necessity 
 demanded. The buildings now are estimated to be worth over ten 
 thousand dollars ; — and yet not sufficiently large enough for the de- 
 sired purposes. 
 
 The number of inmates at present is 110. 
 
 The first superintendent of the poor-house was John Wright ; his 
 salary for himself and wife was fixed at $150.00 per annum. The 
 expenses of the institution for the first year (1844), the above salary 
 included, amounted to $47710. The expenses for 1880 amounted 
 to $10,190.19. 
 
 EXPENDITURES OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 The writer of this chapter has taken great pains to make a 
 succinct and complete statement of the county expenditures at the 
 time of the organization of the county, but owing to omissions of 
 dates and other inaccuracies, he has not been able to arrive at a re- 
 sult, which could give satisfaction. In 1809, however, papers were 
 found to be complete, and we can here state to the reader, the entire 
 cost of the county government for that year : 
 
 Compensation of sheriff f 32.50 
 
 " « clerk 95.00 
 
 Farmers of poor (paupers) 122.42 
 
 Cjmpaniation of Judges of Oommoti Pleas 142.67 
 
 " constables 18.00 
 
 " " clerks of elections 12.C0 
 
 Fees paid to justices of the peace 23 02 
 
 Benches and a table for court-liou.'=e 15.00 
 
 [ Compensation of officer.^, where judgment failed (fees in 
 
 criminal cases) 98.93 
 
 Amount paiJ for wolf-scalps 104.00 
 
 ?663.54 
 
 To which add disbursing fee of 10 per cent 66.35 
 
 $729.89 
 11 
 
 In order to show the diffdrence between present and the past, we 
 introduce here the county expenditures for the year 1880. 
 
 Cost of assessment and tax books | 4.620.67 
 
 Compensation of officers. ... . 11298.17 
 
 Paupers, Co. farm ... $10,190.19 
 
 " supported at home 8.016.82 
 
 " charilable institutions . ... 797 18 
 
 19 004.19 
 
 Prisoners in jail 4.913.45 
 
 Workhouse expenses 2.553.90 
 
 Cour;s and juiors 6.726.-58 
 
 Inquests 1.853.00 
 
 Court-house and cfKce supplies 8.748.65 j 
 
 Elections 980.55 
 
 Roads and bridges 34.092.22 
 
 General expense account 7.010.46 
 
 Fees in criminal cases 669.40 
 
 Tax refunded, etc 26.00 
 
 Total expenditures $102,497.24 
 
 The population of the county in 1810 was 5007, that of 1880 is 
 known to be over 60,000, while the expenditures have increased 
 141 fold. Pauperism in 1809 absorbed 17 per cent, of the revenue 
 and in 1880 not quite 18 per cent, a satisfactory showing. 
 
 Pauperism is a bad sore on the body politic, and a growing evil. 
 It is remarkable, however, that in this county there is no increase of 
 pauperism, while general statistics exhibit a constant growth of it iu 
 other communities. The writer has examined the official records of 
 all county expenditures for a period of ten years preceding 1880, 
 and found, that the county expended during all those years not 
 quite 18 per cent, of the county revenue in support of paupers. 
 
 The amounts of course seem large, but they are not greater pro- 
 portionally than they were 80 years ag). 
 
 We shall here introduce a statement of the expenditures of St. 
 Clair county on account of pauperism for the seven years succeeding 
 the commercial coUaps ; : 
 
 in 1874 $18,613.24 
 
 " 1875 17.559..55 
 
 " 1876 18.737.01 
 
 " 1877 18.253.26 
 
 " 1878 17.866.57 
 
 " 1879 19 200.36 
 
 " 1880 19.004.19 
 
 Believing it would be of interest we subjoin the assessment cf 
 1880: 
 
 PEKSONAL PKOPEETY. NUMBER. VALUE. 
 
 Horses of all ages 7,794 205,876 
 
 Cattle of all ages 9 559 95,456 
 
 Mules and Asses "f all ages 5,183 166,372 
 
 Sheep of all ages 5,605 5,749 
 
 Hogs of all ages 22,805 28,156 
 
 Steam Engines, including Boilers 216 69,765 
 
 Fire or Burglar Proof Safrs 144 5,065 
 
 Billiard, Pigeon-hole, Bagatelle, and other tables! . . 85 1,795 
 
 Carriages and Wagons of whatsoever kind 5,987 91,489 
 
 Watchls and Clocks 2,547 9,716 
 
 Sewing and Knitting Machines ... . • • ■ 2,362 15,954 
 
 Piano Fortes 322 15,317 
 
 Melodeons and Organs 1<*7 2,939 
 
 Annuities and Royalties 200 
 
 Steamboats, Sailing Vessels, Wharf Boats, Barge-s etc. . 17 85,000 
 
 Merchandise 233,540 
 
 Material and Manufactured Articles 45,968 
 
 Manufactured Tools, Implements and Machinery .... 22,465 
 
 Agricultural Tools, Implements and Machinery . . 90,633 
 
82 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Gold and Silver Plate and Plated Ware 752 
 
 Diainonda and Jewelry 529 
 
 Monies of Banks, Bankers, Brokers, etc 53 298 
 
 Credits of Banks, Bankers, Brokers, etc 52,635 
 
 Monies of other than Bankers, etc 284,521 
 
 Credits of other than Bankers, etc 395,295 
 
 Bonds and Stocks 61,800 
 
 Shares of Capital Stocks of Cos. not of this State . . . 920 
 
 Property of Corporations not before enumerated .... 600 
 
 Property of Saloons and Eating Houses 14,214 
 
 Uonsehold and Office Property 154,081 
 
 Investments in Real Estate and Improvements Thereon. 3,202 
 
 Shares of Stock, Stale and National Bank • 35,205 
 
 All other Personal Properly ! 94,163 
 
 Grain on hand 5P,091 
 
 Total Assessed Value of Perdonal Propjrty 2,493,660 
 
 HEAL ESTATE. NO. ACRES. VALUE. 
 
 Improved LiinJs 301,512 9,796,123 
 
 Unimproved Lands 114,954 1,238,587 
 
 TOWN AND CITY LOTi. NUMBER. VALUE. 
 
 Improved Ljts ... 5.675 2,028,041 
 
 Unimproved Lois . 12,253 726,660 
 
 Total Assessed Value of Rial Estate 14,389,411 
 
 Total Value of Railroad Property 1,236,772 
 
 GranJ Total. . $18,174,843 
 
 COUNTY RECORDS. — BOOK A. 
 
 Orphans' (^Probate) Court. — Pages 1 to 6 of records, ■ Book A, 
 embracing a recital of transactions of the Orphans' Court from. 
 August 5, 1796 to April 13, 1798 are missing. From an old Index 
 found in the present office of the Co. Board of St. Clair Co-, we find 
 that these six missing pages contained the following : 
 Page 1. Au order, that administrators should give security, and an 
 
 order, that John Sulevin should file an inventory. 
 Page 2. Order that Jean Dumoulin give up certain papers to 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 Page 3. Antoine Girardin appointed guardian for Antoine and 
 Victoire Girardin ; Michael Squires appointed guardian 
 for the children of Benjamin Byram Perry J. Francis is 
 ordered to sell the property of Jean Antoine E. Claudius. 
 Page 4. Jean Damoulin's report of sale of house is approved and 
 administrator of the estate of Joseph Boisard is cited to 
 render an account. 
 Page 5. Jean Dumoulin renders accounts of the estates of Frede- 
 ric Obirer and Antoine Boyer. S. Bond renders an ac- 
 count of the estate of Thomas Whitesides. The sale of 
 two arpents of land to N. Jarrot is confirmed. 
 Page 6. John Mordock makes settlement of the estate of Michael 
 Hufi!". 
 From page 7 the records are complete and well-preserved. We 
 give our readers a copy —verbatim et literatim — of the proceedings 
 of said Orphans' Court, had on Saturday, 14th April, 1798, page 7, 
 Book A. 
 " Orphans' Court opened from adjournment. Present : 
 John Dumoulin, ") 
 Shadeack Bond, V Esqes. Justices. 
 Geoege Atchison, J 
 
 William St. Clair, Esquire, Judge of Probate — on motion of Judge 
 of Probate — Adelaide Alexander, an orphan girl at Matthieu 
 Saucier's, that a guardian be appointed for her, the Court names 
 Michael L'Onval on furnishing security according to law. 
 
 Arthur McLaughlin came into court with his father and mutu- 
 ally chose George Atchison, Esq., as guardian. Arthur's age of 
 sixteen and a half years. 
 
 On motion of Joseph Le Page's to have the lands in the common 
 field, the property of the estate of Xavier Lipanse, deceased, ordered 
 to be sold at public sale to the highest bidder. 
 
 On motion of Nicholas Boisminue to sell the militia right of 
 Alexis Courtpis, deceased, ordered that the said militia right be 
 sold at the next coui;t. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Dumoulin ordered that the militia right of 
 Pierre Henry, deceased, be sold at public auction, and the militia 
 right of Louis Buisson, deceased, be sold as above. 
 
 William Arundel produced the account of the estate of the late 
 Bernard Gagnon, wherein there appears a balance due said estate 
 of five hundred and forty-one livres in produce and that the same 
 remain in the said Arundel's hands till legally called for. 
 
 John Dumoulin. 
 
 Court adjourned to term in court. 
 
 The first will recorded is the noncupative will of Michael Huff, 
 who had received a mortal wound on the 3d of March, 1794. 
 
 The next will is that of William St. Clair who had filled various 
 offices in the county. We give these two instruments in full : 
 
 FIEST WILL ON EECOED. 
 
 mil of Michael Huff — noncupative. Territory northwest of 
 Ohio, St. Clair County, the 10th of March, 1794. We the subscri- 
 bers being personally present in company with Captain Michael 
 Huff, when he received a mortal wound, and within about three 
 or four hours after, called us to witness his last will and testaflaent, 
 and he appearing to us of sound memory and in his right mind, 
 proceed as follows : 
 
 First let all my debts be paid out of my moveable estate, and 
 let my well beloved wife have the half of all my goods, real and 
 personal, and the other half to be equally divided between John 
 Moredock and Barnaba Moredock, her two sons, and let Barnaba 
 Moredock have my rifle gun, and further this testator sayeth not. 
 This was on the 3d day of March, 1794. 
 
 James A. Espy. 
 Thomas Todd. 
 Geoege Robeets. 
 James A. Espy, Thomas Todd and George Roberts made oath 
 in court at Cahokia the first day of April, 1794, that the above will 
 is the words repeated by Michael Huff before he died. 
 
 William Arundel, Dy. Prothy. Recorded this first day of Feb- 
 ruary in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and 
 Ninety-seven. 
 
 William St. Claie, 
 
 Probate Judge. 
 
 THE THIED will ON EECOED. 
 
 Will of William St. Clair. — In the name of God, Amen. I Wil- 
 liam St. Clair, of St. Clair county and township of Cahokia, younger 
 son of Captain James St. Clair, of Glara, in the shire of Teudal, in 
 the kingdom of North Briton, make this my last Will and Testa- 
 ment in manner and form following: Before any estimation may 
 be made of my estate, that my sister-in 1 iw, Hellen McNabb, shall 
 have all my household furniture and linen, plate, jewels and bed- 
 ding, and that a just inventory and amount may be made of the 
 residue of my personal estate consisting of cattle and debts, and 
 from thence be paid my just debts. My lands I bequeath to Arthur 
 St. Clair, for him and his heirs for ever, and the remaining residue 
 shall be divided between Hellen McNabb and her sister Elizabeth 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 83 
 
 McXabb, recommended to their attention the boya if they want 
 anything, and it is my intent the last shall be general, as I make 
 them general legatees for that purpose. The best horse, Hellen 
 will take him, and the other one to be given to her brother, Alex- 
 ander McNabb, saving to myself to make any bequest I may think 
 proper before my death. 
 
 Signed, sealed, published and declared to be the last Will and 
 Testament of the said William St. Clair, at Cahokia, this 12th day 
 of January, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred 
 and Ninety-nine. 
 In presence of us. 
 
 John Hay. ^-■:r=:^ 
 
 James Tate. William St. Clair. (55^ 
 
 IsiDOE Lackoix. 
 
 Personally came before me, the subscriber, Jean F. Perry, who 
 made oath he verily believed the name of Isidor Lacroix, one of 
 the subscribing witnesses to be the hand-writing and signing of the 
 said witnesses in testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, 
 Aug. Idth, 1800. Perry sworn to before me. 
 
 Shadeack Bond. 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Personally came before the subscriber, John Hay, who made 
 oath, that he was one of the subscribing witnesses to a will made by 
 William St. Clair, Esq., deceased, and that said VVm. St. Clair did 
 in his presence acknowledge the same to be his last Will and Tes- 
 tament and revoking all other wills he might have made. 
 
 Sworn before me 19th day of August, 1801. John Hay. 
 
 Shadeack Bond. 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 After my will being made, I have bequeathed to my friends John 
 Hay, of Cahokia, two oxen and a cart and two cows, ordaining the 
 said John Hay and James Tate to be the executors of this and my 
 former will, signed, sealed, published and declared at Cahokia this 
 12th day of January, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven 
 Hundred and Ninety-nine. 
 In Presence of us. 
 
 John Hay. 
 
 James Tate. William St. Clair. seal. 
 
 Isidor Lacroix. 
 
 Personally came before me, the subscriber, Jean T. Perry, who 
 made oath, that he verily believed the names, Isidor Lacroix one of 
 the subscribing witnesses to be his hand-writing and signature in 
 testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, sworn before me 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Shadeack Bond. 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 August 19, 1801. 
 
 Recorded November 29, 1801. 
 
 Shadrack Bond. 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 We append a few of the legal documents, believing they will be 
 of interest. 
 
 First divorces granted by the established courts of St. Clair 
 county, Illinois. 
 
 Frangois Champagne, '\ 
 
 vs. y - Libel for divorce. 
 
 Celeste Champagne, ) 
 No defence made, and divorce granted, April term, 1811. 
 
 On libel for divorce. 
 
 Kezia Lemen, 
 
 vs. 
 William Lemen, 
 
 October term, 1811. 
 Divorce granted on account of cruelty. William Lemen to pay 
 to Kezia Lemen ten dollars annually on the 2d day of December, 
 and said Kezia to have charge of child. 
 
 Richard Knight, ") 
 
 vs. > Libel for divorce. 
 
 Sally Knight, ) 
 On account of adultery committed by said Sally Knight Divorce 
 granted, November term, 1817. 
 
 Estates put under administration after the organization of the 
 county; 
 
 In 1790. 
 Antoine Boyer, personal property valued at 1,704 livres. 
 
 Antoine Price, " •' 272 " 
 
 Michel Girardin, " " 15,901 '' 
 
 Jean Pierre Allard, " " 4,840 " 
 
 Frederick Wiser, '' " 723 " 
 
 1791. 
 
 Joseph Liixuxiere, " " 4,493 " 
 
 Joseph Werly, " " 561 " 
 
 Nicolas Smith, " " 416 " 
 
 1792. 
 
 Joseph Peltier, " " 198 " 
 
 Joseph Le Page, " '' 2,560 " 
 
 Antoine Harmand, called Sans Facon, '' 3,076 " 
 
 Jean Bapt. Guion, " 9,350 " 
 
 Thomas Brady, one of the husbands of the celebrated Le 
 Compte, died in 1794, his personal property amounted to $911.00. 
 James Piggott died in 1801, leaving $409 in personal property. 
 Antoine Girardin, 1802, with $2,003.50. William Cairns in 
 1803, $391.3.5, and John Dumoulin in 1805, $7,307.67. Shad- 
 rack Bond, Sr., died in 1812, his personal estate was worth $2,879. 
 
 Early marriages recorded after organization of the county. 
 
 George Witraore and Catharine Dorr6e, widow of Louis Dorr6e, 
 at Prairie du Rochor, June, 1790, by Barbeau, Judge c. c. 
 
 Jean Babhite Chartran and Marie Rocheleau, widow of Michel 
 Girardin, Cahokia, June 10, 1790, by P. Gibault, missionary 
 priest. 
 
 Louis Le Boeuf, called La Flamme, and Marie J. Pelletier, July 
 12, 1790, at Cahokia, by P. Gibault. 
 
 Jerome Matis and Marie Joubert, Cahokia, March 7, 1791, by 
 P. Gibault. 
 
 Amable Partanais, called Magon, and Marie Therese Harmand, 
 widow of Gabriel Barron, Cahokia, April 30, 1791, by P. Gibault. 
 
 Michel Pilet and Marie Languedoc, May 2, 1791, at Cahokia, by 
 P. Gibault. 
 
 The first licenses granted by the Court of Common Pleas of St. 
 Clair county are dated February 14, 1793, and in order to point 
 out to the reader the commercial importance of the county at that 
 remote period of time, we shall here introduce a full list of mer- 
 chants licensed on that date and during the year. These licenses 
 were issued by John Edgar, or by Antoine Girardin, the former 
 apparently for Kaskaskia, the latter for Cahokia. 
 
 Licenses granted by John Edgar : — to William Arundel, William 
 Morrison, John Rice Jones, Ebenezer Eyers, Marie Ruy6, Pierre 
 Menard, and John Edgar, merchants ; seven merchant licenses for 
 Kaskaskia. 
 
 Antoine Girardin granted licenses to St. Paul Lacroix, John 
 Hay, Pierre Antoine Tabeau, Pierre Laperche, John Lyle, Jean 
 Dehay, James McKay, Louis Chabollier, Zacharie Flurotebise, 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Louis Bossie, Franz Graeter, Jean B. Chay6, Gagnon, J. B. 
 
 Buron, Jean Marie Coursol, J. B. Defend, Fran9ois Duquet, 
 Antoine Grandebois, Louis Buisson, Jacques Roland, Beaubien De 
 Eivierre, Pierre Durebois and Josiah Bleakly ; twenty-three mer- 
 chant licenses for Cahokia. Besides these licenses, Girardin granted 
 at the same time retailers' licenses to Joseph Grondines, Frangois 
 Tuergeon and Louis Robert ; a store-keeper's license to Frangois 
 Lapanse and lately a tavern license to Joseph Mendoza. 
 
 The price charged for these licenses is not stated ; it was probably 
 aperquisite of the office. At any rate it must have been very 
 trifling, for the county collected in 1810, only $95.00 from this 
 source of revenue. 
 
 Those twenty-three merchants of Cahokia could certainly not be 
 confined to St. Glair county for custom ; their business must have 
 been up and down the rivers, to the various and numerous tribes of 
 Indians. The home trade was transacted by those four retailers 
 and storekeepers. Cahokia contained in 1783, about one hundred 
 families, and had scarcely increased this number to more than one 
 hundred and ten or fifteen in 1793. 
 
 William St. Clair, whose name has been mentioned heretofore as 
 recorder and judge of probate, had been authorized ky the governor 
 to take prcof as to who was " head of a family " at Cahokia in 1783. 
 Jean Baptiste Dubuque, Jean Baptiste Tamier and Charles Du- 
 charm, appeared before him at Cahokia on the 30th of September, 
 1797, and made oath to a list containing ninety-nine nalnes, which 
 names may be found in our chapter " Pioneers and Early Settlers." 
 These names are French, with- a few exceptions, viz. : Thomas 
 Brady, William Biggs and Joseph Andrews, who seem to have been 
 Americans or Britons, and Philip Engel, apparently a German. 
 
 The first ferry license was granted by the court to Captain 
 James Piggott, in the year 1795. The Captain also received a 
 license for a ferry and p rmission to land on the west bank of the 
 river at St. Louis, by Governor Tradeau, of Louisiana — thus began 
 what is now known as Wiggin's Ferry Company. 
 
 FIRST INSTANCE OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 The first murder case tried after Illinois had become a state was 
 that of Timothy Bennett, the murderer of Alphonso C. Stewart. 
 
 The crime, like many similar ones, originated in a drunken 
 brawl. On the 8lh of February, 1819, these two men had a 
 personal quarrel. It seemed to be impossible to reconcile them, and 
 their friends determined to get up a sham duel; hoping that the 
 ridiculous issue of the affair would bring them to their senses. 
 
 The duel was arranged, Jacob Short and Nathan Fike acting as 
 second i. When the word was given and the rifles were discharged, it 
 was proved that the "sham" duel had been fought with powder anrf 
 lead, — at any rate Alphonso C Stewart fell to the ground, mortally 
 wounded. 
 
 Timothy Bennett was arrested, and so were the two seconds. 
 
 A special term of the circuit court was held on the 8th of March 
 1819, under a special law of the Legislature to hold said term. The 
 officers of the court, John Reynolds, judge, John Hay, clerk, W. 
 A. Beard, sheriff", were all appointed by the governor. 
 
 The grand jurors, — Ben Watts, foreman, Jacob Ogle, jr., Sol. 
 Teter, Wm. Padfiald, Robert Abernathy, Robert Lemen, James 
 Marney, Henry Uutton, Frank Swan, John Hendricks, Daniel 
 Everett, T. M. Nicholas, John Leach, W- T. Kincade, Odian Cas- 
 tlebury, Joshua Oglesby, Marshal Duncan, Curtis Moore, George 
 Prickett, Wm. Bridge, Joseph Penn, James Walker and Jeremiah 
 Hand, found true bills of indictment for murder against Bennett 
 and the two seconds, upon the testimony of the following witnesses : 
 Reuben Anderson, James Parks, James Kincade, James Read, 
 
 Daniel Million, Ben Million, Peter Sprinkle and Rachel Tanne- 
 hiil. 
 
 AVhen the case was called for trial, the sheriff" reported that Ben- 
 nett had broken jail, and was at large. Short and Fike had their 
 trial in June 1819, and were both acquitted. 
 
 Bennett was captured and jailed about the 1st of July, 1821. A 
 special term of the court was held July 26, 1821. The grand jury, 
 composed of — Will Glasgow, foreman, John Thomas, James Cohen, 
 Richard W. Chandler, John Rider, Archibald Allen, W.L. White- 
 sides, Henry Stout, Hosea Riggs, W. Leach, Thomas Gillham, Da- 
 vid Sparks, John Scott, Jacob Whitesides, Daniel Birkey, Daniel 
 Phelps, James Marney, Joseph Wilbanks, James Pulliam, T. West, 
 Daniel Million, John Glass and George Harris, heard the testimo- 
 ny of Reuben Anderson, Rachel Tannehill, James Kincade, Tho- 
 mas Hall, Wm. Hook, John Rutherford and Peter Sprinkle, and 
 found a new indictment, in words and figures as follows : 
 
 THE BENNETT INDICTMENT. 
 
 State of Illinois, 1 
 St. Clair Co. j ®^" 
 
 At a special term of the circuit c(»ort, held for the county of St. 
 Clair, in pursuance of the statute in such cases made and provided, 
 on the 26th day of July, 1821. 
 
 The Grand Jurors of the people of the state of Illinois, residents 
 of the county of St. Clair, empannelled, sworn and charged to inquire 
 for the body of the said county, in the name and by the authority of the 
 people of the state of Illinois, upon their oath present, that Timothy 
 Bennett, late of Clinton Hill township now called Belleville precinct 
 in the said county of St. Clair, laborer, not having the fear of God 
 before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of 
 the Devil, on the 8th day of Febiuary, 1819, with force and arms, 
 at the said township, then called Clinton Hill, but called Belleville 
 in the said county of St. Clair, in and upon Alphonso C. Stewart in 
 the peace of God and of the said people of the state of Illinois then 
 and there being, feloniously, willfully and of his malice aforethought 
 did make an assault ; and that the said Timothy Bennett a certain 
 rifle gun, of the value of ten dollars, then and there loaded and 
 charged with gunpowder and one leaden bullet, which rifle gun he 
 the said Timothy Bennett in both his hands then and there had, 
 and held to, against and upon the said Alphonso C Stewart, then 
 and there feloniously, wilfully and of his malice aforethought did 
 shoot and discharge, and that the said Timothy Bennett with the 
 leaden bullet aforesaid out of the rifle gun aforesaid then and there 
 by force of the gunpowder, shot and sent forth as aforesaid the afore- 
 said Alphonso C Stewart in and upon the left breast of him the said 
 Alphonso C. Stewart near the left pap of him the said Alphonso C. 
 Stewart then and there feloniously, wilfully and of his malice afore- 
 thought, did strike penetrate and wound, giving to the said Al- 
 phonso C. Stewart, then and there with the leaden bullet aforesaid, 
 so as aforesaid shot, discharged and sent forth out of the rifle gun 
 aforesaid, by the said Timothy Bennett in and upon the left breast 
 of him the- said Alphonso C Stewart, near the left pap of him the 
 said Alphonso C. Stewart one mortal wound, of the dd'pth of 'six 
 inches, and of the breadth of one inch, of which said martal wound 
 the aforesaid Alphonso C. Stewart then and there instantly died. 
 And so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do say. That 
 the said Timothy Bennett, the said Alphonso C. Stewart then and 
 there in manner and form aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully and of his 
 malice aforethought did kill and murder, against the form of the 
 statute in that case made and provided and against the peace and 
 dignity of the same people of the state of Illinois. 
 Samuel D. Lockwood, 
 
 Attorney General of the state of Illinois. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 85 
 
 Endorsements on this indictment are as follows : 
 
 A True Bill — W. Glasgow, foreman. Pleads : Not guilty. Wit- 
 nesses' names: Reuben Anderson, James Kincade, Rachel Tanne- 
 hill, Thomas Hale, Wm. Hook, John Rutherford, Peter Sprinkle. 
 
 Pleads: Not guilty. 
 
 We of the Jury find the prisoner Timothy Bennett guilty in 
 manner and form as within charged. 
 
 Elijah Davis, Foreman. 
 
 Bennett was put upon his trial on the 27th of July, before Judge 
 Reynolds and the following Traverse Jury : 
 
 Elijah Davis, Noah Matheny, John A. Manzy, James Simmons, 
 Burrill Hill, John Cotton, James C. Work, George Jack, James 
 Wilson, Joel R. Small, James Fox and Zach. Stephenson. 
 
 On the 28th of July, 1821, this jury rendered the above verdict 
 of "guilty." 
 
 The Court then preceded to pass the sentence in words following 
 And it being demanded of him if anything for himself he had 
 or knew to say why the court should not proceed to pass sentence 
 upon him, he said he had nothing more than he had before said. 
 Therefore it was considered by the court that he be hanged by the 
 neck until he be dead, and that the sheriflf of the county do cause 
 execution of this judgment to be done and performed on him the 
 said Timothy Bennett on iSIonday, the 3d day of September next, 
 between the hours of ten in the forenoon and four in the afternoon, 
 at or near the town of Belleville. 
 
 It may here be stated, that Samuel D. Lockwood, Attorney 
 General for the state of Illinois, came into court, when it opened, 
 and took the following oath : 
 
 " I do solemnly swear, that I will to the best of my judgment 
 execute the duties imposed on me by the act for suppressing duel- 
 ing, so help me God." 
 
 Neither Bennett or his friends believed that this awful sentence 
 would ever be executed. The latter made strenuous efforts to have 
 him pardoned. Failing in this, they tried to have the sentence 
 commuted. But the governor remained firm against all entreaty. 
 On the day appointed for his execution, Bennett was hanged, at 
 where now stands West Belleville, near ihe site of tlie South-east 
 school-house. 
 
 The execution was witnessed by a multitude of men, women and 
 children. 
 
 In 1854 — Sept. 4th — ^Joseph Orban was executed for the mur- 
 dering of another Frenchman in the American bottom. Sheriff 
 Thomas Challenor employed an experienced European executioner 
 to do the hanging. 
 
 James Piggot's remarks and observations to the Justices of the 
 Court of General Quarter Sessions, at their sitting at Cahokia, in 
 the County of St. Clair, the first Tuesday of October, 1791, by 
 James Piggot, one of the Justices of said Court. 
 
 Genteel men:— It is now one year and six months since this 
 court set under an established constitution. And as yet we have 
 not a prison in our county, for want of which, the transgressors of 
 our laws pass unpunished, for a small fine on a great offender is no 
 punishment if he be rich, but rather provokes and encourages him 
 to double crime — whereby he makes his honest neighbors afraid to 
 prosecute him, — and if he be very poor there is nothing to be re- 
 covered of him but his ill will, which is very distressing on the 
 honest and well meaning inhabitants of our county. 
 
 It is now about one year since I understood that there was a col- 
 lection of money or property for building or repairing a house for 
 a prison and nothing farther done in that ytt. 
 
 It is a long time since the publication of an act for laying off 
 
 our county into townships, and appointing clerks and overseers of 
 the poor to each, and nothing done in that yet. And should there 
 be a longer omission of this duty, I fear the consequences will be 
 evil. 
 
 A Bond given by James Moore, in January, 1786, for the sum 
 of five hundred dollars (may be something more), payable to the 
 heirs or successors of John Allison deceased,— James Piggot and 
 Joseph Warley securities— is now lying in the county clerk's office, 
 and as I have repeatedly demanded the Bond to be given up, as the 
 same was lawfully paid and discharged in the year 1788, which is 
 well known to the judges and justices of this court, I therefore beg 
 that the court may at this sitting condemn the said Bond as void 
 and of no effect, and order the same to be so entered in the county 
 docket, that the securities may be no longer in danger by an excuse 
 of the clerk's having overlooked, or not having time to look for it, 
 which has been the case for more than three years since the Bond 
 was paid. 
 
 I am, with all submission, the court's obedient servant, 
 
 James Piggot. 
 presentment. 
 
 General Court Quarter Sessions. 
 
 First Grand Jury Report, 4th October, 1791. 
 County of St. Clair, | ^^ 
 
 District dahokia. j " ' 
 
 We, the grand jury are of opinion that the streets of this village 
 should be repaired, and all other roads leading into said village, 
 particularly the road leading to the Mississippi. 
 
 That the weights and measures of this village be examined. 
 
 That the millers be required and ordered to render good mer- 
 chantable flour, according to the wheat they receive into their mills 
 and the quantity, and that the millers be ordered to have sufiicient 
 and lawful scales and weights. 
 
 That to prevent our neighbors, the Spaniards, from having all 
 the Indian trade to themselves, that the citizens of this county be 
 allowed to carry on their trade as usual, in this village with all the 
 Indians who may come, in a peacsable manner, into this village to 
 trade goods, liquors, etc. 
 
 That for the support of the laws and government of our county, 
 the speediest means be taken to have a proper jail in th"s village, 
 such as the state of this district may afford in its present situation, 
 on an immediate examination. 
 
 That a county road be laid out from this village, to the end of 
 the district, to meet the Prairie du Rocher road, and that all bridges 
 be repaired in this district. 
 
 Signed by : Maih. Saucier, Harmand, dit Sans fagon Pierre La 
 Perche, Henry B. Byron, Pierre Guion, dit Guitar, Laurent Am - 
 lin, Jean Lapense, Charles Germain, J. K. Simpsony, Shadrach 
 Bond, George Hendricks, Isaac Wert, William Arundel. 
 
 AN INDENTURE. "SPINSTER." 
 
 This indenture witnesseth that Jean de Hay and Jean Beaulieu, 
 overseers of the poor in the township of Cahokia, in St. Clair 
 County, by virtue of a law of this territory of Indiana, in such 
 cases made and provided, have placed, and by these presents do 
 place, and bind out a poor child, named Philis, aged six years, unto 
 Joseph Buelle, for twelve years from this date, to learn the arts 
 trade, and mystery of a spinster, etc. 
 
 The conditions are couched in the known terms, and it is to be 
 presumed that Philis learned the arts and mysteries of a spinster. 
 Her compensation for the twelve years was one wearing apparel, 
 suitable for the Lord'.s day, and another for working days. 
 
86 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 FIRST DEED IN THE COUNTY OF ST. CLAIE, OLD LIMITS. 
 
 Know all mea by these presents, that I, John Elgar, of the vil- 
 lage of Kaskaskia, merchant, for and in consideration of one 
 Phaeton and Harness, valued at two hundred dollars, to me in hand 
 delivered, have bargained, sold, aliened, released and confirmed, and 
 by these presents do bargain, sell, alien, release and confirm unto 
 John Murray St. Clair, of the County of Westmoreland, in the State 
 of Pennsylvania, one equal and undivided half of a certain parcel 
 of lands, lying, and being in the County of St. Clair, in the Wes- 
 tern Territory of the United States, between the villages of Kas- 
 kaskia and Prairie du Eocher, and which were purchased by me at 
 public sale, by order of the Syndic of Kaskaskias, as the estate of 
 Richard Winston, deceased, to him, the said John Murray St. Clair, 
 to have and to hold and his heirs, executors or assigns forever. In 
 ■witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, at Kaskas- 
 kia, the 11th day of June, 1790. 
 
 John Edgar. 
 
 Signed, sealed and delivered, in 
 presence of Wintheop Sargent, 
 A. Sprague. 
 
 June 14, 1790. 
 
 True from the original. 
 
 William St. Clair, 
 
 Recorder. 
 
 first DEED IN PRESENT LIMITS OF COUNTY. 
 
 This indenture made the nineteenth day of June, in the year of 
 our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, between 
 Antoine Girardin, of the district of Kahokia, in the County of St. 
 Clair, Territory of the United States, north-west of the river Ohio, 
 Esquire of the one part and John Antoine Alexis Claudius of the 
 same, merchant, of the other part. Witnesseth that the said An- 
 toine Girardin, for, and in consideration of the sum of three hun- 
 dred and eighty-four dollars and two dimes, of lawful money of the 
 United States, to him in hand paid by the said John Antoine Alexis 
 Claudius, at, or before the sealing and delivery of these presents, the 
 receipt whereof he doth hereby acknowledge, hath granted, bar- 
 gained, sold, aliened, released and confirmed, and by these presents 
 doth grant, bargain, sell, alien, release and confirm unto the said 
 John Antoine Alexis Claudius, his heirs and assigns forever, all 
 that messuage or dwelling-house and tract or lot of land, whereon 
 the same is built situate, lying, and being in the village of Prairie 
 du Pont, in the said district of Kahokia, now in the tenure and 
 occupation of the said John Antoine Alexis Claudius, the said tract 
 or lot of land containing ten acres English measure, be the same 
 more or less, and bounded and described as follows, to wit: Begin- 
 ning at a lot of land belonging to Phillip Engel, Esquire, in the 
 said village of Prairie du Pont, where he has a small enclosure for 
 pasture ground for his calves, at the north-westwardly corner there- 
 of, and opposite to the house and lot, where the said Phillip Engel 
 now resides in, in the said village, thence along with the said fence 
 to the eastwardly corner thereof, thence in a straight line to the 
 river of the Prairie du Pont, thence with the said river in descend- 
 ing according to the courses thereof, to a post placed in the ground 
 on the banks of said river, between two trees, the one a red oak, 
 and the other a honey-locust, and about ten feet from the one and 
 the other, the red oak marked with three chops of an ax, thence 
 north 49 degrees, 20 minutes, east until it crosses the great road 
 leading from the said village of Prairie du Pont, to the village 
 Kahokia, thence with the said great road southwardly to the place 
 of beginning. Together with all houses, outhouses, edifices, build- 
 ings, barns, stables, gardens, orchards, lands arable and unarable, 
 
 meadows, leasows, pastures, feedings, woods, underwoods, ways, 
 waters, watercourses, rights, members, privileges, hereditaments and 
 appurtenances whatsoever to the same, messuage or dwelling house, 
 tract or lot of land belonging, or in any wise appertaining. And 
 the reversions and remainders, rents, issues and profits thereof, and 
 of every part thereof with the appurtenances, and all the estate 
 right, title, interest, property, profession, claim and demand, as well 
 at law, or in equity, or otherwise, howsoever of him, the said An- 
 toine Girardin, of in, or to the said messuage or dwelling-house, 
 and tract or lot of land above bargained and sold, and every part 
 and parcel thereof with their appurtenances to the said Johu An- 
 toine Alexis Claudius, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use 
 and behoof of the said John Antoine Alexis Claudius, his heirs and 
 assigns forever, and to and for no other use, intent or purpose what- 
 soever and the said Antoine Girardin for himself, his heirs, exe- 
 cutors, and administrators and fjr every of them doth covenant, 
 promise and agree to, and with the said John Antoine Alexis Clau- 
 dius, his heirs and assigns, by these presents in manner and form 
 following, that is to say, that he, the said Antoine Girardin, and 
 his heirs, all and singular the said messuage or dwelling-hcuse, and 
 lot.or tract of land above bargained, and sold, and every part there- 
 of with the appurtenances to the said John Antoine Alexis Claudius, 
 his heirs and assigns forever, against all persons claiming or to claim 
 by, through, from or under him or them, or either of them, shall, 
 and will warrant and forever defend by these presents. 
 
 In witness whereof, the said parties have these presents set their 
 hands arid seals, the day and year before written. 
 Sealed and delivered in the "\ ^;!!=r^ 
 
 presence of witness Perry, I At. Girardin. (^^ 
 
 John Rice Jones. ) 
 
 I do hereby acknowledge to have received of the said J. A. A. 
 Claudius, the full consideration above mentioned to be by him paid 
 to me. 
 
 Witness Perry, John Rice Jones. 
 St. Clair County, ss. At. Girardin. 
 
 Be it remembered, that on the sixth day of July, 1792, person- 
 ally appeared before me, one of the Judges of the County Court of 
 Common Pleas, of the said County of St. Clair, the within named 
 Antoine Girardin, Esquire, who acknowledged the within instru- 
 ment as his act and deed. 
 
 In testimony whereof, and to the intent that the same may be 
 recorded as such, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the day 
 and year first above written. 
 
 Phillip Engel. 
 
 first sheriff's t)EED. 
 
 Booh A, pp. 121 and 122. 
 
 To all to whom these presents shall come, William Biggs, 
 Esquire, sheriff" of the couuty of St. Clair in the territory of the 
 United States north-west of the river Ohio, sends greeting : 
 
 Whereas, in and by a certain writ of levari facias, issued out of 
 the county court of common pleas for the district of Cahokias, 
 in the said county, bearing date the second day of July, 1793, 
 and to the said sheriff" directed and delivered, he was commanded 
 that of a certain piece or lot of ground whereon was erected a 
 dwelling-house, barn, and horse-mill, with other out-houses, with 
 all and singular the appurtenances thereunto belonging, situate, 
 lying and being in the village of Cahokia county aforesaid, 
 bounded as follows: On the south by Walter street, on the east by 
 vacant lots, on the north by the rivulet, on the west by the lot 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 87, 
 
 now or late of Jean D'Hay and Michel Lagrave, as the same was 
 enclosed at that time, being the lands and tenements of Charles 
 Lefevre, deceased, blacksmith, in his the said sheriff's bailiwick, 
 he should cause to be levied the sum of eight hundred and 
 thirty-four dollars, eight dimes and seven cents, lawful money of 
 the United States, of debt, as well as the farther sum of two dol- 
 lars, .€ight dimes costs, which Gabriel Cerre, as guardian of the 
 minors Nickols, lately, in the said court of common pleas, before 
 the judges at Cahokia, recovered against the executors of the said 
 Charles- Lefevre, deceassd, for his debt and costs about his suit 
 expended, and whereof the said executors were convict, as appeared 
 of record, and that he should have these monies before the judges 
 at Cahokia on the first Tuesday in October then next, to render to 
 the said Gabriel Cerre for his debt and costs aforesaid, as well as 
 the said writ, as in and by the same writ will more fully appear: 
 And whereas the said sheriff had, in pursuance of the commands 
 of the said writ, seized and taken in execution the premises in the 
 game writ mentioned, and hath, by a public sale thereof, caused to 
 be levied the sum of six hundred and fourteen dollars, being the 
 highest price that could be got for the same, which were adjudged 
 to Frederick Graeter, of Cahokia, as being the highest bidder 
 therefor. Now, know ye, that I, the said sheriff, for and in con- 
 sideration of the said sum of six hundred and fourteen dollars to 
 him in hand paid by the said Frederick Graeter, at or before the 
 sealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is here- 
 by acknowledged, hath granted, bargained, sold, assigned and 
 transferred and set over, and by these presents doth grant, bar- 
 gain, sell, assign, transfer, and set over unto the said Frederick 
 Graeter, his heirs and assigns forever, all and singular, the said 
 lot of ground and premises herein before mentioned, and in the 
 said writ particularly described, and every part and parcel there- 
 of, with their appurtenances, and all the estate, right, title, and 
 interest of him the said sheriff of, in or near to the same, or any 
 part thereof, with the appurtenances. To have and to hold all 
 and singular the said lot of ground and premises and every part 
 thereof to the said Frederick Graeter, his heirs and assigns to 
 the only proper, use and behoof of the said Frederick Graeter, his 
 heirs and assigns forever. 
 
 In witness whereof, the said sheriff hath hereunto set his hand 
 and seal, the thirteenth day of August, one thousand seven hun- 
 dred and nine:y-three. 
 
 William Biggs, /^"^^^^ 
 
 bherirr. y^^-f^^::^ 
 
 Sjaled and delivered 
 
 in the presence of 
 
 AViLLiAM Arundel, 
 
 John Rice Jones. 
 
 I do acknowledge lo have received the full consideration money 
 above mentioned. 
 
 William Biggs, 
 Sheriff 
 
 St. Clair County, ss. 
 
 On the third day of April, 1794 personally canie before me a 
 justice of the peace of the said county, the within-named William 
 Briggs, Esquire, who acknowledged the within all as his act and 
 deed. 
 
 In testimony whereof, and to the intent the same may be recorded 
 as such, I have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and year 
 before written. 
 
 J. Edgah. 
 
 Frederick Graeter sold this property on the seventeenth of May, 
 1791, to Jean Munier, for seven hundred dollars. 
 
 On the twentieth of October, 1791, Jean Baptist Calist (called 
 Lachance) sells to Elijah Harrington a house and lot for and in 
 consideration of two spinning wheels, two bread troughs, one cotton 
 gin, one bedstead, and four hundred pounds of pork without bones. 
 
 One acre of ground, with a dwelling-house, was sold by Jacob 
 Jady to Jacqu3 Chsnie, February 16th, 1792, for two oxen with 
 yoke and straps, two cows, one mare of two years old, one heifer, 
 one bull-calf of one year old, twenty boards of seven feet long, 
 four doors, two pairs sashes and shutiers for windows with the irons 
 thereunto blonging, all of which is valued at two hundred and 
 twenty dollars, lawful money of the United States. This deed is 
 the first one in which the year of independence, the 16th, is men- 
 tioned. 
 
 On the sixth of October, 1792, Benjamin Joseph Byrara, of 
 I'Aigle, in the county of St. Clair, and Mary, his wife, sold to John 
 Edgar certain works lately erected for the making of salt from cer- 
 tain mineral salt springs, together with a certain tract of land, being 
 about one-half of a four-hundred acre tract surveyed to Byram by 
 order of the governor, for $1204.40. 
 
 EGADS. 
 
 The county of St. Clair enjoys now a splendid system of public 
 roads and it may be of interest to hear of the beginning of those most 
 needed and most important improvements. Although the county 
 was organized in 1790, no traces of laying out public roads are found 
 prior to 17V)6. The first petition on file reads as follows : 
 
 To the Worshipful Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace, holden 
 at Cahokia in and for the county of St. Clair : 
 
 The humble petition of the inhabitants of Turkey Hill, showeth : 
 
 That whereas the laws of our Territory providing for opening of 
 roads, have put it in the power and made it the duty of your wor- 
 shipful body to issue your order for the surveying and opening pub- 
 lic roads when and where your worshipful body thought fit and 
 necessary, if the inhabitants shall signify the same by Petition, 
 
 Therefore we the inhabitants of Turkey Hill, think it extremely 
 necessary to have a road established from our said district of Tur- 
 key Hill to the village of Prairie du Pont, which we pray you to 
 consider immediately, and grant by giving orders for surveying the 
 same and we, your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray. 
 
 William Eadcliffe, John Porter, Lewis Rail, Lawrence Shookey, 
 P. Pinsenau, Pierre Beguin, John Hays, John Domoulin and Perry 
 There are eleven more names on the petition, but they have evi- 
 dently been signed by the getter-up of the petition. 
 
 The first bridge built in the county has given the name to the 
 village of Prairie du Pont. 
 
 SLAVERY IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 Slaves had been brought to this county not only by emigrants 
 from Virginia and Kentucky, but also in large numbers from the 
 West Indies by French settlers ; and the " institution'' continued 
 for many years, in fact to a recent date. Some of the older resi- 
 dents of St. Clair county may even have witnessed the selling or 
 " binding-out" of negroes. The records of the county mention these 
 transactions repeatedly, but also the manumission of slaves. The 
 first record in reference to this, is dated February 23, 1793, and 
 reads as follows ; 
 
 " Sachent Tons, qu'il appartiendra que Jeanneton.negresse, side- 
 vant mon esclave, est maintenant libre et maitress d'elle meme, 
 m'ayant pay6 le prix de sa libertes dont je suis content. Le 23 
 Fevr. 1793." E. Tardiveau. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Know all whom it may concern, that Jeanette, a negro woman, 
 heretofore my slave, is now free and mistress of herself, she having 
 paid to me a price for her freedom, with which I am satisfied, etc. 
 
 In order to contrast the free and easy style in which our French 
 humanitarian writes out the freeing papers, with the careful and 
 guarded language of the Anglo-American, we let here follow the 
 " deed " of William Musick, to wit : 
 
 Know all men by these presents that I, William Musick, at pre- 
 sent at Kaskaskia, in the county of St. Clair, in the territory of the 
 United States, north-west of the river Ohio, have remised, released 
 and forever quitted claim, and by these presents do of my own free 
 will and accord remise, release and forever (Juit claim unto a certain 
 negro man named George, and unto a certain negro girl named 
 Phebe ; all, and all manner of interest, claim and demand, which I 
 now have or hereafter shall or may pretend or claim to have of, in, 
 or to the future services of them, the said George and Phebe, and 
 each and every one of them. And I do hereby liberate them and 
 each of them from any state of servitude or slavery in which accord- 
 ing to the laws of the State of Kentucky I formerly held them, 
 while residing in that state. And I do further declare them free 
 and absolute masters of thtirs and each of their persons, and of all 
 property they may hereafter acquire. 
 
 In witness whereof I haye hereunto set my hand and seal the 
 22d day of November, 1794. /<^^^^^ 
 
 William Musick. V^t^w 
 Sealed and delivered in the presence of Barthlemoi Chard and 
 John R. Jones. 
 
 Instances of colored men selling themselves to masters are also 
 made matters of record, for instance: County Record, A. page 180, 
 contains such a sale, the consideration paid was two hundred dollars, 
 John Marney being the purchaser. Nov. 28, 1794. 
 
 The public sale-bills, mentioned hereinbefore, give further evi- 
 dence in the premises, and we are sorry to say, that the trade did 
 not confine itself to the negro alone, as Indians were also bought 
 and sold. An Indian woman was sold at auction in February, 
 1794, by the administrator of the estate of Michael Girardiu, for 
 327 francs, about $65.00. 
 
 Run-away slaves were advertised, and rewards offered for their 
 re-capture. The following may serve as a sample : 
 
 Louisiana Gazette, St. Louis, July 4, 1811. 
 
 FORTY DOLLARS REWARD. 
 
 Ran away from the subscriber, living near Six Mile Prairie, 
 Illinois territory, on the 27th of June, a negro man, named George, 
 about 40 years old, six feet or upwards high, coarse features, large 
 beard and whiskers, speaks plain and with assurance, has a large 
 vacancy between his front teeth, but not with the loss of a tooth ; 
 yellow complexion, sorrily clothed, having none but those on him, 
 viz : a big coat of plain dyed brown, the under part of the sleeves 
 of a drab color. The public are hereby cautioned against dealing 
 or harboring him at their peril. The above reward will be paid to 
 any person who shall deliver the said negro to me, near the Six 
 Mile Prairie, Illinois territory. June 27, 1811. 
 
 John Humphries. 
 
 The slavery question, however, caused a violent agitation of the 
 people of this state about the years 1822 '23 and '24. The Anti- 
 Slavery men, headed by J. M. Peek, held a meeting in St. Clair 
 county, organized their forces in fourteen other counties, adopted 
 a constitution, and established their head-quarters at Belleville. 
 Dan P. Cook, Gov. Edwards, and others took sides with Peek, 
 while Gov. Bond, Judge Phillips, A. P. Field and others took sides 
 
 with the pro-slavery party. Gov. Rsynolds says : The "Anties " 
 were victorious in St. Clair county, and Kinney, Moore and myself 
 were beaten on the question. 1824. 
 
 The history of the state speaks of the final disposition of the 
 slavery question. 
 
 CHAPTER XI, 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAB. 
 
 MONG the men who took part in laying the founda- 
 tions of the great State of Illinois there is, perhaps, 
 no class which stands out with greater prominence 
 than the early members of her bench and bar. To 
 them pre-eminently belongs the credit of shaping the 
 public sentiment of the commonwealth. The legal 
 profession, then more than now, brought its members 
 into public life. Every lawyer, according to the 
 breadth of his mind and the sagacity of his views, was either states- 
 man or politician. To him every honorable position in the gift of 
 the state opened its doors. In every movement of the times he was 
 the pioneer of thought and the advanced guard of action. Of many 
 of these eminent men St. Clair county was the home, and of those 
 who practiced at her bar a large proportion reached positions of 
 prominence and distinction, and acquired reputations wider than 
 the boundaries of their state. 
 
 Previous to the organization of St. Clair county there were no 
 regular courts in Illinois. The administration of law was very im- 
 perfect, and consisted of a mixture of the civil law as adopted by the 
 French, the arbitrary enactments of the British commandants at 
 Fort Chartres, and such regulations as had been instituted by the 
 Virginia authorities. 
 
 By the ordinance of 1787, the common law of England was ex- 
 tended over the North-west territory, of which Illinois was then a 
 part. The French inhabitants who had professed themselves 
 citizens of Virginia were allowed to enjoy their laws and customs 
 relative to the descent and conveyance of property. St. Clair 
 county, on its organization in 1790, was divided into the three judi- 
 cial districts of Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher and Kaskaskia. The 
 judges were John Edgar, of ^Kaskaskia ; Jean Baptiste Barbeau, 
 of Prairie du Rocher ; and John De Moulin, of Cahokia. Though 
 the judges, sheriff, and clerk, had jurisdiction over all three districts, 
 still each district had its own grand jury, and the citizens of one 
 district could not be sued in another. A writ dated at Cahokia 
 would not run at Kaskaskia. 
 
 The court of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions, held at 
 Cahokia in the year 1790, had on its docket sixty-five cases, of 
 which sixty-two were of a civil nature. The civil cases covered 
 actions in debt, trespass, covenant, attachment, and ejectment. In 
 seventeen of these cases Philip Rocheblave was plaintiff. In the 
 first suit tried by this court, Bridget O'Hara was plaintiff, and John 
 McGarr defendant. Of the three criminal cases two were for assault 
 and battery, and one for larceny. John Sullivan and Hugh Crisholm 
 were the unfortunate individuals against whom the proceedings 
 were had for assault. The charge of larceny against Jeau Baptiste 
 Menard could not be sustained. 
 
 John De Moulin, the earliest of the judges of St. Clair county, 
 was born in Switzerland ; from that country emigrated to Canada, 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIE COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 and came thence to Cahokia. He had a liberal education, and was 
 well-versed in the civil law. For several years he was also colonel 
 (if the St. Clair county militia. He had a large and portly figure, 
 and took great pride in his appearance on parade days, on which 
 occasions he wore, generally, a fine military dress. His character 
 and conduct were those of a gentleman, and he was not unfitted to 
 head the long list of able judges who have occupied the bench in 
 Ht. Clair county. 
 
 EARLY LAWYERS AT CAHOKIA. 
 
 The first lawyer to practice before the courts of St. Clair county, 
 was John Rice Jones, who was born in Wales in 1759, received a 
 classical education, studied law in England, and became a resident 
 of Kaskaskia in 1790. He was the pioneer member of the bar of 
 this state. His practice extended from Kaskaskia to Vincennes 
 and Louisville. Previous to his coming to Illinois he had practiced 
 his profession in Philadelphia, and in 1787, removed from that city 
 to Vincennes. He possessed a sound and active mind, was an ac- 
 complished scholar, and especially fond of the science of mathema- 
 tics. His legal attainments were profound, and he would have been 
 conspicuous at any bar. As a speaker, his capacity for invective 
 under excitement was extraordinary. His excellent knowledge of 
 the French language was of great advantage in enabling him to 
 transact business for the French population. He never permitted 
 himself to be idle, nor engaged in light or frivolous amusements. 
 He was a man of strong passions, and had a high degree of personal 
 courage. In the year 1802, he moved back to Vincennes, and in 
 1810, became a resident of Missouri. He was chosen one of the 
 judges of the supreme court of that state and died in 1824, while 
 holding that position. 
 
 The first resident lawyer of St. Clair county was Isaac Darnielle 
 who opened an office at Cahokia in the year 1794. His early life 
 had been spent in Maryland. Nature had given him a strong in- 
 tellect, and in early life his faculties had been well-disciplined by 
 study. He was an agreeable speaker, his manners and appearance 
 were prepossessing, and he became conspicuous and popular at the 
 bar, though lack of attention to his profession prevented him from 
 becoming an able lawyer. The courts and juries of that day were 
 not, however, remarkably well-versed in technical learning, and 
 before these tribunals he could figure with ease and safety. He 
 became well acquainted with the land titles of Illinois, and bought 
 and sold large tracts of land. He is said to have been educated 
 for the ministry, and at one tiaae to have occupied the pulpit. He 
 had no ambition to become wealthy. He was indolent in disposi- 
 tion. His greatest weakness was a conspicuous fondness for the 
 fair sex. At the court of Venus he practiced with consummate art 
 and with more studious assiduity than was given to the legal pro- 
 fession. He never married, and yet apparently was never without 
 a wife. He was large and portly in person, easy and graceful in 
 manners, and paid much more attention to his dress than was com- 
 mon at that day. He never indulged in drinking and gaming, 
 and with the exception of his one failing, was moral and correct in 
 his deportment. He had no malice or bitterness in his composi- • 
 tion. His only aim seemed to be to lead an easy and luxurious 
 life. At one time, while in the zenith of his glory, he was the beau 
 ideal of Cahokia ; but his course of life brought its inevitable con- 
 sequences. He was compelled to abandon his profession, and when 
 an old man, was left without means of support or sincere friends. 
 Toward the close of his life he taught school in the western part of 
 Kentucky, where he died in the year 1830, at the age of sixty. 
 
 The next lawyer to establish himself at Cahokia was William 
 Hears. He was born in Ireland in the year 1768. On coming to 
 12 
 
 this country, he taught school some time in Pennsylvania. While 
 in that state he read law. He then came West, and, according to 
 Gov. Reynolds, reached Cahokia as if he had dropped down from 
 the clouds— without horse, clothes, books, letters, or anything ex- 
 cept himself, a rather singular and uncouth-looking Irishman. In 
 early days he was not a scholar, but by application and severe study 
 acquired a sound knowledge of the law. Gov. Edwards in 1814 
 appointed him attorney-general for the territory of Illinois. He 
 made an able and efficient prosecuting attorney. When the county 
 seat was removed from Cahokia to Belleville, he moved to the lat- 
 ter place, where he died in 1826. He was elected at one time clerk 
 of the House of Representatives. He made a comfortable living 
 from his practice, but had no talent for speculation or acquiring 
 wealth. In 1809 Samuel D. Davidson, a lawyer by profession, set- 
 tled at Cahokia. His attempts to practice law did not meet with 
 success. He was a young man of upright deportment, but of slight 
 force of character. A fine hand-writing was about the beginning 
 and end of his talents. He taught school for a time in Cahokia, 
 entered the military service during the war of 1812, and affer the 
 war left Cahokia for "parts unknown." 
 
 Among the lawyers who attended the St. Clair county courts 
 about the year 1808, were Benjamin H. Doyle, James Haggin, and 
 John Rector. Doyle came to Kaskaskia from Knox county, Ten- 
 nessee, in 1805. He possessed a good address, and by careful study 
 would have made a good lawyer. Haggin was also a Kentuckian. 
 He settled at Kaskaskia in 1804, and practiced in the courts of 
 Randolph and St. Clair counties. He was a young man of consid- 
 erable promise. After trying life on the frontier for a few years, 
 he returned to Kentucky, where he became very prominent. Rec- 
 tor settled at Kaskaskia in 1806, but only remained a few years. 
 
 Sessions of the Court at Belleville. — The first session of court at 
 Belleville was presided over by Jesse B. Thomas, one of the United 
 States judges who held the territorial courts in Illinois. Judge 
 Thomas was a man of talented mind, though his inclinations rather 
 fitted hipi for the active field of politics than the dry subtleties of 
 the law. In 1818 he was elected from St. Clair county a member 
 of the convention which framed the first constitution of the state, 
 and was chosen the president of that body. The same year he was 
 elected to the United States Senate. He was a gentleman of fine 
 appearance and address, and whether in the senate, on the bench, 
 or in any public assemblage, possessed a dignified and respectful 
 bearing. William Sprigg was the colleague of Judge Thomas, and 
 with him presided over the Illinois territorial courts. 
 
 At the session of the court held at Belleville on the 12th of June, 
 1815, Jesse B. Thomas acted as judge, and William Mears as pro- 
 secuting attorney. In the year 1817 the territory of Illinois was 
 divided into three judicial circuits. St. Clair county was included 
 in the first circuit, over which Jesse B. Thomas presided. At the 
 term of court in 1817, C. R. Matheny attended to the duties of 
 prosecuting attorney. At the March term, 1818, Daniel Pope 
 Cook acted as judge, and at the July term of the same year John 
 Warnock presided over the court. John Reynolds held his first 
 term of court at Belleville in February, 1819, and likewise presided 
 over the following June term. Daniel P. Cook appeared as attor- 
 ney-general. Joseph Phillips, chief justice, held court in Novem- 
 ber, 1819, and June, 1820. At the November term, Nicholas 
 Hanson and W. H. Brown acted as prosecuting attorneys, and at 
 the June term William Mears appeared in that capacity. For 
 eleven successive terms, from August, 1820, to August, 1824, John 
 Reynolds held court. At the March term, 1825, Samuel McRob- 
 erts presided as judge, and at the August term, 1825, and the March 
 and August terms, 1826, Richard M. Young occupied the bench. 
 
90 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 In 1827 St. Clair county became a part of the second judicial 
 circuit. Theophilus W. Smith held court for five terms, ending in 
 August, 1828. Thomas C. Brown held the August term, 1829. 
 Theophilus W. Smith then presided over ten successive terms, 
 reaching up to April, 1834. At the March term, 1835, Thomas 
 Ford occupied the bench in the absence of Sidney Breese. Sidney 
 Breese presided over the terms of court from 1835 to 1842, with 
 the exception that the November terra, 1840, was held by W. B. 
 Scates, judge of the third judicial district, in Judge Breese's absence. 
 
 James Semple was judge at the May terra, 1843. At the Octo- 
 ber term, 1843, and the May and October terms, 1844, James 
 Shields was on the bench. From 1845 to 1849 the sessions of the 
 court were held by Gustavus Koerner; from 1849 to 1855 by Wm. 
 H. Underwood; from 1855 to 1857, by Sidney Breese; from 1857 
 to 1861, by Williara H.Snyder; from 1861 to 1873, by Joseph 
 Gillespie; and since 1873, by William H. Snyder. St Clair county 
 now forms part of the twenty-fourth judicial circuit. Judge Watts 
 and Judge Wall of that circuit have presided over occasional terms 
 of court at Belleville. 
 
 Prosecuting Attorneys. — 1815, William Mears; 1817, C. E. Ma- 
 theny; 1819, Daniel P. Cook; 1819 (November term), Nicholas 
 Hanson and W.H. Brown; 1820, William Mears; 1821, Samuel 
 D. Lockwood; 1822, Adam W. Snyder; 1823-25, James Turney; 
 1825-32, Alfred Cowles; 1833-34, James Semple; 1834 (Septem- 
 ber term), Ninian Edwards ; 1835-37, Jesse B. Thomas; 1837-38, 
 TJsher F. Linder and Josiah Fisk, who was appointed prosecuting 
 attorney pro tem.; 1838, G. W. Olney; 1838 (prosecuting attorney 
 pro tem., in place of G. W. Olney, attorney general), Joseph Gil- 
 lespie ; 1839, Wickliffe Kitchell ; 1839 (prosecuting attorney pro 
 tem. in place of Kitchell, attorney general), William C. Kinney ; 
 1840-44, William H. Underwood ; 1844-48, William H. Bissell ; 
 1852-54, Philip Foulk; 1854-56, William H. Snyder; 1856-58, 
 William C. Kinney; 1858-60, A. W. Metcalf; 1860-68, John B. 
 Hay; 1863-72, Robert A. Halbert; 1872-76, C. P. Knispel; 1876- 
 80, George W. Brockhaus; 1880-84, Eobert D. W. Holder. 
 
 THE EARLY STATE COURTS. 
 
 The first judges of the supreme court of the state were all young 
 men and without long practice at the bar. Reynolds observes that 
 the law was administered at that day with less form and ceremony, 
 yet with as much equity and justice as at a more modern date. 
 
 " The first court I held,' ' says Gov. Reynolds, " was in the spring 
 of 1819, in Covington, Washington county, and it was to me a 
 strange and novel business. I commenced ray official business among 
 my old comrades with whora 1 had been raised — ranged in the war 
 with them, and lived with them in great intimacy and equality, so 
 that it was difficult, in my situation, to assume a different relation- 
 ship than I had previously occupied with them. And, moreover, I 
 utterly detested a kind of mock dignity, that sometimes is assumed. 
 Both the sherifi" and clerk of the court of Washington county were 
 rangers in the same company with myself, and it seemed we were 
 still in the United States service, ranging on equal terms in pursuit 
 of the Indians. And it appears that the sheriff. Bowling Green, 
 entertained the same opinion, as he opened the court in a very fa- 
 miliar manner. While sitting astride a bench in the court-house, 
 he proclaimed without rising, that 'the court is now opened, John is 
 on the bench.' This was my familiar name in the war. 
 
 "Not long after, in Union County, the deputy shc^riff opened the 
 court, (myself presiding), by saying : ' Oh, yes !' three times, and 
 theii in a solemn manner proclaimed : ' The Honorable Judge is now 
 opened.' He mistook the judge for the court. This mistake crea- 
 ted muoh mefriioent, when the occasion should have been serious. 
 
 I knew that a solemn, serious dignity and decorum were necessary 
 and proper in the proceedings of courts, but in my case, and the offi- 
 cers generally, it was almost impossible to assume that character." 
 
 Gov. Ford in his history of the state relates the following of Rey- 
 nolds : " This same judge presided at a court in which a man named 
 Green was convicted of murder, and it became his unpleasant duty 
 to pronounce sentence of death upon the culprit. He called the 
 prisoner before him, and said to him : 'Mr. Green, the jury in their 
 verdict say you are guilty of murder, and the law says you are to be 
 hung. Now, I want you and all your friends on Indian Creek to 
 know that it is not I who condemn you, but it is the jury and the 
 law. Mr. Green, the law allows you time for preparation, and so 
 the court wants to know what time you would like to be hung.' To 
 this the prisoner replied, ' May it please the court, I am ready at 
 any time; those who kill the body have no power to kill the soul ; 
 my preparation is made, and I am ready to suffer at any time the 
 court may appoint.' The judge then said : ' Mr. Green, you must 
 know that it is a very serious matter to be hung; it can't happen to 
 a man more than once in his life, and you had better take all the 
 time you can get. The court will give you until this day four weeks. 
 Mr. Clerk, look at the almanac, and see whether this day four weeks 
 comes on Sunday.' The clerk looked at the almanac, as directed, 
 and reported that 'that day four weeks came on Thursday.' The 
 judge then said, 'Mr. Green, the court gives you until this day four 
 weeks, at which time you are to be hung.' 
 
 The case was prosecuted by James Turney, the Attorney General 
 of the state, who here interposed, and said : ' May it please the court, 
 on solemn occasions like the present, when the life of a human being 
 is to be sentenced away for crime, by an earthly tribunal, it is usual 
 and proper for courts to pronounce a formal sentence, in which the 
 leading features of the crime shall be brought to the recollection of 
 the prisoner, a sense of his guilt impressed upon his conscience, 
 and in which the prisoner should be duly exhorted to repentance, and 
 warned against the judgment in the world to come.' To this the 
 judge replied, 'O! Mr. Turney, Mi*. Green understands the whole 
 matter as well as if I had preached to him a month. He knows he 
 has got to be hung this day four weeks. You understand it in that 
 way, Mr. Green, don't you?' 'Yes,' said the prisoner; upon which 
 the judge remanded him to jail, and the court then adjourned." 
 
 It should be said, however, that Reynolds in his work entitled 
 " My Own Times," denies this story, and calls it a "silly fabrica- 
 tion." He says, "I may not have acted in that rigid, unfeeling 
 and mechanical manner that would please heartless and superficial 
 men, who generally write and detail these tea-pot slanders., * * 
 I considered them both (alluding also to Bennett, sentenced at 
 Belleville) guilty, and the judgment of the court was so understood, 
 that they were both to be executed. 
 
 FORMER RESIDENT LAWYERS AT BELLEVILLE. 
 
 Two of the early members of the bar at Belleville were J. W. 
 Whitney and John Turner, both of whom became residents of the 
 county-seat about the year 1816. Whitney bore the soubriquet of 
 " My Lord Coke,") whether from his physical or mental resemblance 
 to the great English lawyer, is not stated) and removed from Belle- 
 ville to Pike county. Turner became a resident of Galena, and in 
 1826 was a member of the state legislature, then in session at Van- 
 dalia. He was a gentleman of agreeable disposition and fine talents, 
 but died while yet a young man. Alphonso C. Stuart, a lawyer by 
 profession, settled in Belleville in 1816. He was born at Claremont, 
 New Hampshire, in 1789. He received a collegiate education, 
 graduating from Dartmouth College about the year 1812. On 
 coming to Belleville he entered on the practice of his profession, but 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 -was killed by Timothy Bennett in a sham duel in February, 
 1819. 
 
 David Blackwell became a member of the Belleville bar about the 
 year 1819, and was a resident of the town till his death. He was 
 a lawyer of good mind and excellent abilities. He was active inhis 
 opposition to the proposed introduction of slavery into Illinois, and 
 during the campaign of 1824 edited a paper at Vandalia, in which 
 he earnestly fought the movement to change the state constitution. 
 John Reynolds, for many years a conspicuous figure among the 
 Belleville lawyers, opened a law-office at Cahokia early in the year 
 1814. He was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, in Febru- 
 ary, 1778. When he was six months old his parents moved with the 
 family to the vicinity of Knoxville in East Tennessee, when, in the 
 year 1800, they emigrated to Illinois. Reynolds was sent back to 
 East Tennessee, to be educated, and there attended Knox College. 
 In 1807 the family moved to the Goshen settlement, in Madison 
 county, and settled at the foot of the bluff, three or four miles south- 
 west of Edwardsville. He relates that, as a youth, he was active and 
 energetic, attended all the house-raisings and other gatherings of 
 the people, and never missed a horse-race nor a Fourth of July 
 frolic. He was fond of racing, and in his book, " My Own Times," 
 he records that in November, 1811, he made a wager to run a 
 quarter-race at Cahokia for five hundred dollars, an amount equal 
 to several thousand at the present day. The whole country at- 
 tended to see the sport. He was assisted in making up his stake 
 by Thomas Carlin, afterward governor of the state, and won the 
 bet. Reynolds, wheu eighteen or twenty, was also passionately 
 fond of foot-racing, and by incessant practice became a rapid 
 runner. The first foot-race he ever ran for a wager was at Kas- 
 kaskia, in the summer of 1808, again 3t John Scott, of Sfee. Genevieve, 
 afterward representative in congress from Missouri. The last foot- 
 race he ran was in Tennessee, for a hundred dollars. He began 
 the study of law at Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1810, under the in- 
 struction of John McCampbell. 
 
 He was induced to settle at Cahokia by the fact that a relative of 
 his resided there, Joseph A. Beaird, a wealthy and respectable man. 
 He made his house his home, and rented a room in the village for 
 his office. He says all his law-books could have been easily packed 
 in a common carpet-bag ; they were ranged on the mantel-piece 
 over the fire-place in his office, without filling it. He had con- 
 siderable business, mostly arising from a traffic in land. He made 
 his first appearance as a practicing lawyer before Judge Jesse B. 
 Thomas, at Belleville, in 1814. He relates that diffidence was with 
 him a chronic disease, and that he was never entirely able to cast 
 it away ; that his first effort to address the court was exceedingly 
 painful, and the more philosophy he exerted to discard this foolish 
 sensibility, the worse the effort made it. At first he also did some 
 business in the way of surveying lands ; but his principal occupa- 
 tion was trading in lands, with his partner, Mr. Beaird. His specu- 
 tions were so profitable that in four years, he states, that he bought 
 two stores of dry goods, amounting to ten thousand dollars. 
 
 He makes the following reference to his election to the supreme 
 bench on the organization of the state judiciary : " At the time of 
 the session of the first legislature I resided in Cahokia, and had not 
 the least intention to visit the seat of government at all. I cared 
 very little who was elected to any office, — one thing was certain, I 
 courted nothing for myself. My friends urged me to visit with them 
 the General Assembly in session at Kaskaskia, and I did so. 
 When we reached the legislature, there was a great excitement and 
 turmoil in relation to the election of officers by the General As- 
 sembly. I had been in Kaskaskia only a few days when it was 
 urged on me to know if I would accept of a judgeship, if elected. 
 
 This broke in on me like a clap of thunder. I was in truth per- 
 suaded to become a candidate for the office. I had a great many 
 personal friends, both in and out of the legislature, who urged me 
 much to consent to offer. The material for the bench was not as 
 good as it ought to be. Human nature ii easier persuaded to mount 
 upward than to remain on the common level. I was elected a jus- 
 tice of the supreme court, which entirely changed my life, as will 
 be seen hereafter." 
 
 Reynolds served on the supreme bench till the reorganization of 
 the judiciary of the state in 1824. His previous knowledge of the 
 law had not been comprehensive, and many criticisms were made as 
 to his ability to discharge the important duties of the judicial office. 
 Ford, in his history, remarking on the reluctance of the judges of 
 that day to decide questions of law, and stating that they never 
 gave instructions to a jury unless expressly called for, nor ever 
 commented on the evidence, or undertook to show what inferences 
 and presumptions might be drawn from it, makes the following 
 rather ill-natured reference to Reynolds : " I knew one judge who 
 when asked for instructions, would rub his head and the side of his 
 face with his hand, as if perplexed, and say to the lawyers, ' Why, 
 gentlemen, the jury understand this case ; they need no instruc- 
 tions ; no doubt they will do justice between the parties.' " 
 
 In the spring of the year 1825 he resumed the practice of the 
 law. He says : " I entered into a tolerably large practice immedi- 
 ately ; but it was not very profitable, and I must be permitted to 
 say, that I never knew a lawyer in the state who ever became 
 wealthy by his practice alone. It is speculation and the rise of 
 property in the West that has made so many lawyers and others 
 wealthy. I was lean, active and energetic, and could ride horse- 
 back days and nights together, without much sleep or rest. But I 
 had been so long on the bench, where public speaking was not 
 practiced, that when I appeared at the bar as a lawyer, my old 
 diffidence also appeared with me, and it was an effort at first to 
 address the court or jury. For some time in the courts I was quite 
 a silent member, and knew well that my silence, in many cases, 
 injured the interest of my clients; but by repeated efforts, I suc- 
 ceeded, to some extent. During ray practice of law I was familiar 
 with the people, got acquainted with almost everybody, and became 
 somewhat popular." 
 
 The following sketch of Governor Reynolds' character is from an 
 address of the Hon. Joseph Gillespie before the Chicago Historical 
 Society : " The governor's dislike to appear educated grew out of 
 the contempt the early settlers had for ' book-larnin.' The great 
 aim of his life seemed to be in unison with the multitude. With 
 him, the voice of the people was the voice of God. If he could be 
 on the popular side, that was enough. He never lost sight of his 
 object. It was his guiding star. He always catered to the popular 
 clamor, and indeed went beyond it in most cases. He at one time 
 introduced a bill into the legislature to constitute every man a jus- 
 tice of the peace. He consulted Justin Batterfield, who was a 
 great wag, about it, and he said it was a capital measure, only he 
 did not know where the governor would get his constables. He 
 was a very inaccurate man, and paid little attention to forms and 
 precedents, so that it was a common remark with him that when he 
 filed a declaration, 'in would come a demurrer, and out would go 
 your humble servant.' " 
 
 " David J. Baker, of Kaskaskia, who was remarkably accurate 
 as a special pleader, once filed a declaration in court, at Kaskaskia, 
 to which Gov. Reynolds interposed a demurrer. We were all 
 amazed at the step taken by the governor, and none half so much 
 as Mr. Baker. After he had appeared to recover from his aston- 
 ishment, he said that he had read law with care, and had made 
 
92 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 special pleadings his principal study, but so abundantly cautious 
 had be been, that, even now, when he liad the forms at his tongue's 
 end, he would not venture to frame a declaration without consult- 
 ing the precedents. He could say, without boasting, that no de- 
 murrer had been sustained to his pleadings for the last twenty 
 years, but now comes forward, at this late day, one who had ven- 
 tured upon the task of assailing the accuracy of his pleadings. But 
 ' who,' he said, ' is this man ? It is no other than Gov. Reynolds, 
 Tcho, of all men on earth, ought to have the least to say about accu- 
 racy. We have all known him as a member of the legislature. 
 "W'e have known him as judge of the circuit and supreme courts, 
 as member of congress and as governor of the state ; and God 
 Almighty only knows how long we shall be afflicted with him 
 hereafter, but in every position that he has held he has been con- 
 spieuous as a bundle of injoi-malities.' Mr. Baker gave him a dread- 
 ful castigation, which the governor felt acutely, but never 'let on.* 
 Soon after Mr. Baker said to the governor in the goodness of his 
 heart, ' Well, governor, I am afraid I was a little too severe upon 
 you the other day.' ' Why, Mr. Baker,' replied Reynolds, ' have 
 you been saying anything about me ? I was not aware of it. I 
 guess your speech did not amount to very much, or I would have 
 noticed it. There is no need of apologies, Mr. Baker.' 
 
 " Another instance of how readily the governor would extricate 
 himself from a dilemma is the following: The governor was a 
 candidate for re-election to congress on the democratic side, and 
 was making, as usual with men of that party, a free trade speech at 
 Sparta, where they were interested in the ' castor-bean ' business. 
 An Englishman, named Bradshaw, who was a Whig, made a bet 
 ■with- some of the governor's friends that the governor did not know 
 whether castor-beans were protected or not, and he asked the 
 governor whether castor-beans were among the ' h'enumerated 
 h'articles ' or not. The governor did not seem to comprehend what 
 he meant, and made some evasive and unsatisfactory reply, to which 
 Bradshaw triumphantly cried out, ' I told you 'e did not know 
 whether castor-beans were h'among the h'enumerated h'articles h'or 
 not.' The governor by this time discovered what was going on, 
 and said, ' Stop, I am like the boy who was offering a horse for sale, 
 and some one asked him if the horse had the 'splint?' The boy 
 scratched his head and said, ' I don't know exactly what the splint 
 is, but I do know that if it is good for the hr rse, he has got it, and if 
 it is not good for h'm he is devilish clear of it.' ' And that is the 
 way with the castor-beans ; if it is good for them to be among the 
 enumerated articles, they are there ; and, if not they are devilish 
 clear of it.' The governor could make the most rambling and in- 
 coherent remarks imaginable. On one occasion he was prosecuting 
 some Covenanters, who were indicted at Kaskaskia for a riot, com- 
 mitted in Sparta, in tearing down a grocery belonging to an old 
 fellow named Turk. Judge Breese was off the bench at the 
 time, and defending the rioters, and he referred in severe terms 
 to the fact that the governor was prosecuting his old friends 
 and supporters. This touched the governor in a very tender 
 place. He denied that his prosecution of these men was any 
 evidence of his want of friendship for them. ' For,' said he, 
 ' gentlemen of the jury, if I should meet any of these men in heaven 
 or in hell, I would run to greet and shake hands with them. 'But,' 
 said he, ' they were not following in the footsteps of their illustrious 
 predecessor, Jesus Christ, when they were tearing down Old Turk's 
 grocery. They say they were afraid old Turk would raise a mob 
 and tear down their churches, if they did not destroy his grocery. 
 Why, sir, so far from poor old Turk raising a mob, he cannot raise 
 anything. I am very much afraid he cannot raise the ten dollar 
 fee he promised to pay me in this case. ' " 
 
 "The governor was the most thorough-faced politician I ever 
 knew. He kept a newspaper for his own use. It was the Belleville 
 AdvoQate, in early days. He had a 'standing ' chairmau of all his 
 meetings ; an old gentleman, named McLemore, who always decided 
 as the governor desired." 
 
 "The governor was never without a 'hobby.' He was for the 
 Mexican war ; the acquisition of Texas ; ' Fifty-four Forty, or fight;' 
 as well as the conquest of Cuba. Whenever one of these hobbies 
 was to be set goiug, the governor would announce through his 
 paper, that a meeting would take place at such and such a time, at 
 Belleville, to consider the measure. At the appointed time, the 
 governor would nominate McLemore, as chairman, and would 
 make his speech, and then call upon those present to address the 
 meeting; and it was considered a great breach of political eti- 
 quette not to ' chime in " with his opening remarks. Sometimes, 
 however, the meeting would be refractory, and the governor would 
 prorogue them. I remember a case in which the old gentleman 
 was unable to control his meeting. He had called one to consider 
 the propriety of taking possession of Texas. It was during the 
 Texas revolution. The assemblage was large, and the governor, at 
 the outset, was in ' high feather.' McLemore took the chair, and 
 the governor opened out in grand style, and insisted that Texas 
 was ours, inasmuch as Spain had gotten the best of the bargain, 
 when we traded Texas to her for Florida, which, he said, she could 
 not have held. He contended that we needed it, and, therefore, 
 had a valid right to take it. He wound up by offering a resolu- 
 tion, setting forth that ' our title to Texas is indispiUable.' " 
 
 "A few of us, who wanted some fun, offered an amendment to 
 the effect, that 'this meeting is eminently qualified to decide the 
 question of title to Texas;' which the governor violently opposed, 
 and denounced us as traitors, and as having come there to inter- 
 fere with and break up his meeting. We assumed that the 
 meeting was composed of the wisest and best men in the world • 
 that parliamentary and diplomatic bodies were composed of igno- 
 ramuses, as compared with us ; that every American citizen, and 
 especially every citizen of Belleville, was endowed with wisdom 
 ' from on high,' in reference to all political measures ; and whoever 
 denied that palpable truth was a traitor to his country, and an 
 enemy to mankind ; and that the fiery vengeance of the present 
 and future generations would be poured out on their devoted heads. 
 We drove the governor ignomiuiously from his own sacred ground, 
 for the ' infallibility of the people ' was his ' stock in trade,' gene- 
 rally. We had nineteen-twentieths of the meeting with us, and 
 carried our amendment; but McLsmore paid no attention to the 
 proceeding. The governor moved to adjourn. Three or four feeble 
 ' ayes ' were heard. When the ' noes ' were called for, they made 
 the welkin ring ; but McLemore said, ' Weel, men, the meetin's 
 adjourned anyhow.' Next morning the governor's paper came out 
 with a flaming account of the meeting, and representing the reso- 
 lution, offered by the governor, as having passed unanimously; and 
 saying nothing about the amendment and other proceedings. I 
 met the old gentleman, and said to him that the account of the 
 meeting did not square very well with the actual proceedings. He 
 replied, ' No ; you damned fellows beat me at the meeting, but I 
 can beat you in the papers.' " 
 
 " Adam W. Snyder and Gov. Reynolds were rivals and antago- 
 nists. It would not be going too far to say that they were in a state of 
 chronic hostility to each other. Each .looked upon the other as 
 being his ' evil genius,' and neither would have regarded the re- 
 moval of the other to some other country as a very great evil. A 
 man named Coonce once called upon Snyder, to take the necessary 
 steps to obtain some testimony with a view to its perpetuation. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 93 
 
 Snyder never liked the drudgery of the profession, or the office- 
 business. He loved to try a case and address a jury, which he 
 could do with great ease to himself and splendid effect. He en- 
 deavored to get rid of the task upon various pretexts ; but Coonce 
 was very importunate, and finally Snyder sat down to writing, and 
 asked Coonce whose testimony he wished to take. The latter said, 
 ' That of Gov. Eeynolds.' Snyder looked up in amazement, and 
 broke out with an exclamation, that he never heard of such folly 
 as to go to the expense and trouble to perpetuate old Reynolds' 
 testimony. ' Why,' said he, ' he will never die. I have been wait- 
 ing for him to kick the bucket for more than a quarter of a cen- 
 tury, and his hold upon life seems now to be stronger than it was 
 when I first knew him ; he will live forever, sir. I will not make 
 a fool of myself by seeking to perpetuate the testimony of a man 
 who will outlive any record in existence.' " 
 
 Adam W. Snyder, one of the most prominent of the early law- 
 yers of St. Clair county, was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1799. 
 His boyhood was spent in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio. Jesse 
 B. Thomas had erected a carding machine at Cahokia, and finding 
 no one in Illinois who could successfully operate it, brought out 
 with him from Ohio young Snyder, then about eighteen years of 
 age, who had been recommended to him as a suitable person to 
 manage the machine. Thomas saw that Snyder was a young man 
 of fine natural talents, took a strong liking to him, and induced 
 him to study law. He was admitted to practice in the year 1824. 
 He first lived at Cahokia, afterward on a farm on the Mississippi, 
 opposite Jefferson Barracks, and in the year 1833, removed to Belle- 
 ville. He had a strong liking for politics. He was elected twice ' 
 to represent St. Clair county in the State Senate, and in 1836 was 
 chosen a member of Congress. In 1842 he was made the Demo- 
 cratic candidate fur governor, but died while the campaign was in 
 progress. His election as governor was assured had he lived. Ford 
 was substituted as a candidate, and was elected. His health had 
 never been good after returning from serving his congressional term 
 at Washington. 
 
 As a lawyer, Snyder was remarkable for his power over a jury. 
 Between the jury and him there seemed to be a feeling of friendly 
 fellowship, and the former nearly always set it down that he was 
 right, and gave him a verdict accordingly. His speeches were 
 always brief, pointed, and forcible. He rarely spoke more than 
 half an hour, but that time was sufficient for him to gain a wonder- 
 ful influence over the minds of the jurors. In the defence of Gen- 
 nette, who was tried at Carlyle for the murder of O'Harnett, he 
 spoke one hour, but this was the longest speech to a jury he was 
 ever known to make. This was the last case in which he appeared. 
 It may be remarked that the speeches of Gov. Ford to the court or 
 a jury were also noted for their brevity; their usual length was not 
 more than fifteen minutes. 
 
 Alfred Cowles, a native of Connecticut, settled at an early date 
 at Belleville, where he resided till Alton began to come into pro- 
 minence as a prosperous town, when he removed to the latter place. 
 He was a lawyer of good education and industrious habits. His 
 natural talents were only of an ordinary character, but by close ap- 
 plication and persistent study, he reached an honorable position in 
 the legal profession. He was an excellent conveyancer, and tho- 
 roughly understood pleading, but was not an elequent speaker. 
 While at Alton, he was, for a number of years, a partner of John 
 M. Krum, now of St. Louis. He cared nothing for politics, and his 
 whole time was given to his profession. He subsequently removed 
 to Oregon. 
 
 George W. Ralph, about the year 1835, was engaged in the prac- 
 tice of the l.iw at Belleville. He was a native of the state of Mew 
 
 York. He had previously been in the mercantile business. He 
 practiced at Belleville till 1842, or 1843. He laid out Ralph's ad- 
 dition to Belleville. He had a great fondness for politics, to which 
 perhaps he was better adapted than to the law. 
 
 In 1840, among the lawyers residing at Belleville were Lyman 
 Trumbull, James Shields, James L. D. Morrison, and Gustavus 
 Koerner. All these men attained positions of honor and impor- 
 tance. 
 
 Lyman Trumbull, who began his career as a lawyer at Belle- 
 ville, was born in Colchester, Connecticut, on the twelfth of Octo- 
 ber, 1813. Obtaining a thorough education in his native state, in 
 the year 1834, at the age of twenty-one, he went to Georgia where 
 he engaged in teaching school, and meanwhile studied law. He 
 was admitted to the bar in Georgia in 1836, and soon afterward 
 came to Illinois and began the practice of the law at Belleville. 
 He was for some time a partner of Gov. Reynolds. He soon suc- 
 ceeded in securing a large practice. He exhibited great industiy 
 in his profession, and when he had a case, went to the bottom of it. 
 In 1840 he was elected a member of the legislature, and in 1841 
 and 1842, he filled the office of secretary of state under the admin- 
 istration of Gov. Carlin. He returned to Belleville in the spring 
 of 1843, where he resided till 1848, when he was elected one of 
 the justices of the supreme court of Illinois, and for five years oc- 
 cupied a seat on the bench with distinguished ability. His subse- 
 quent political history is well known to the people of the state. In 
 1854 he was elected a member of Congress. He was one of the 
 founders of the Republican party in Illinois, and in 1855, 1861, 
 and 1867 was chosen United States Senator. 
 
 James Shields began the practice of law at Kaskaskia, but in 
 1837 removed to Belleville. He was born in the county Tyrone, 
 Ireland, in the year 1810, and came to America at the age of six- 
 teen. Finding his way to Kaskaskia in the year 1832, he was 
 admitted to the bar, and began the active practice of the legal pro- 
 fession. On coming to Belleville he formed a partnership with 
 Gustavus Koerner. In 1841 he was appointed state auditor, and 
 two years later was chosen one of the justices of the supreme court 
 of the state. His home was principally at Belleville till 1845, 
 when having been appointed by President Polk, Commissioner of 
 the Land office, he removed to Washington. On the breaking out 
 of the Mexican war he was commissioned Brigadier-General of the 
 United States volunteers. At the battle of Cerro Gordo he was 
 severely wounded by a ball which passed through his lungs and 
 body. The wound was extremely dangerous. He was reported 
 dead, and he had the benefit of many obituary notices in the papers 
 of the day. In 1849 he was elected United States Senator He 
 was afterward elected United States Senator from Minnesota, and 
 also from Missouri. He served in the Union army in West Virginia 
 at the beginning of the rebellion, and afterward retired to a farm 
 in Missouri, where he resided till his death, which occurred at Ot- 
 tumwa, Iowa, on the first of June, 1879. 
 
 James L D. Morrison was born at Kaskaskia, on the twelfth of 
 April, 1816. In the spring of 1832, when sixteen, he was ap- 
 pointed midshipman in the United States navy. While confined in 
 the naval hospital at Pensacola with an attack of the rheumatism, 
 he picked up the first volume of Blackstone, and becoming inter- 
 ested, sent to Mobile for the necessary books, and for seven months 
 read Blackstone and Kent assiduously. In 1836 he returned to 
 Illinois, entered the law office of Judge Nathaniel Pope, at Kas- 
 kaskia, and in 1837 was admitted to the bar. He removed to 
 Belleville about 1840. He represented Monroe and St. Clair coun- 
 ties, in both the lower and upper houses of the legislature. At the 
 beginning of the Mexican war he raised a company in St. Clair 
 
94 
 
 HIS TOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 county, whicli became incorporated with the Second Illinois regi- 
 ment, of which he was Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1856 he was elected 
 to Congress. While at Belleville he engaged in speculation and 
 politics, as well as in the practice of the law. Since his removal 
 to St. Louis, he has not been engaged in general practice, though 
 he has beeu interested in several important land cases. As a real 
 estate lawyer he has attained much distinction. 
 
 Robert Morrison, now chief -justice of the state of California, be- 
 gan the practice of the law at Belleville about 1844 or 1845. He 
 was regarded as a lawyer of much promise, and since his removal 
 to California has attained much distinction in his profession. 
 
 Murray Morrison, brother of J. L. D. and Robert Morrison, was 
 admitted to the bar, and began practice at Belleville. He was an 
 eloquent speaker and an able lawyer. He went to California soon 
 after the admission of that state into the Union, and died there. 
 
 George Trumbull, brother of Lyman Trumbull, practiced law at 
 Nashville for several years, and was an excellent lawyer, and is 
 now a resident of Chicago, where he is practicing with distinction. 
 
 William C. Kinney, son of Geo. Kinney, read law at Belleville, 
 in the office of Koerner and Shields, and began practice about the 
 year 1839. In 1848 he acted as state's attorney. He was a good 
 speaker and a lawyer of respectable attainments, but possessed con- 
 siderable wealth, and for that reason cared little about business. 
 He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1848, served 
 in the legislature, and was very highly respected in 1860. 
 
 Judge William H. Underwood was born in Schoharie county, 
 New York, February, 1818. He received his scholastic education 
 at the Schoharie Academy and the Hudson River Seminary, and 
 studied law in his native county. In June, 1840, came to Belle- 
 ville and began the practice of the legal profession. In 1848 he 
 was elected state's attorney, and was re-elected to the same posi- 
 tion in 1843, and in 1844 was chosen a member of the legislature. 
 He had acquired a large and remunerative practive in 1844, at 
 which date he was elected circuit judge. He was on the bench 
 six years. He was elected a member of the state senate in 1856, 
 1860, and 1870. In 1869 he was chosen a member of the conven- 
 tion which framed the present constitution of the state, in which 
 body he was regarded as one of the ablest men. He was an able 
 lawyer, not only in one, but in all branches of the legal profession. 
 Some of the elder members of the bar speak of him as the most 
 industrious man they ever knew. His close application made him 
 familiar with all the learning of the law. He published a revised 
 edition of the Illinois statutes, and also a revision of the Illinois 
 reports. To his legal attainments were added a generous and genial 
 disposition. He died at Belleville on the twenty-third of Sep- 
 tember, 1875! 
 
 Joseph Underwood, a brother of William H. Underwood, who 
 practiced at the Belleville bar for some time, was a man of con- 
 siderable talent. 
 
 NON-RESIDENT LAWYERS. 
 
 The early sessions of the courts at Belleville were usually at- 
 tended by the leading lawyers, both of Illinois and Missouri. 
 Among the Illinois lawyers were Elias Kent Kane, who died in 
 1835, while a member of the United States Senate; Daniel P. 
 Cook, a man of brilliant mind, who died at the age of thirty-six, 
 while in the midst of an unusually successful career; Nathaniel 
 Pope, Thomas Reynolds, William H. Bissell, Sidney Breese, and 
 other distinguished men. Among the lawyers from St. Louis and 
 Missouri, who frequently made their appearance at Belleville were 
 Thomas H. Benton, Rufus Easton, Edward Hempstead, C. 8. 
 Hempstead, Robert Wash, David Barton, Joshua Barton, John 
 Scott, and J. W. Peck. 
 
 Of William H. Bissell, afterward governor of the state, and a 
 frequent attendant on the sessions of the court at Belleville, the 
 following interesting sketch is given by Joseph Gillespie in an 
 address delivered before the Chicago Historical Society : '' Bissell 
 was born in New York in 1811, where he studied the medical pro- 
 fession, and removed to Monroe county, Illinois. He had no fond- 
 ness for his profession, though he had the reputation of being suc- 
 cessful. He inclined to politics, where he displayed marked abili- 
 ties. He was elected as a Democrat, from Monroe county, to the 
 legislature of 1840, and was soon recognized as one of the best 
 speakers of the House of Representatives. He was characterized 
 by the elegance of his style and diction, and a quaint sort of satire 
 which was very cutting and effective. An ungovernable passion 
 soon seized him to abandon his profes«ion, and betake himself to 
 the law. He attended the sessions of the courts as diligently as any 
 of the lawyers ; his mind seemed to be engrossed with all that was 
 going on. His friends, perceiving the bent of his inclination, ad- 
 vised him to procure Blackstone's Commentaries, and go to work. 
 In an incredibly short space of time he was admitted to practice, 
 and was soon appointed prosecuting attorney, and was in his ele- 
 ment. He stood at once in the front rank as a prosecutor. He 
 never failed to convict. It shortly came to be considered a hopeless 
 task to defend where he was prosecuting. He was equal to any 
 emergency." 
 
 " Bissell prosecuted for murder a man named Raney, who lived 
 in Washington county, but was tried at Carlyle, Clinton county, 
 and was defended by Judge Breese, in his own county, where he 
 had boundless influence. Raney was a respectable man, and a lead- 
 ing politician in the dominant party; there was great room to 
 doubt his guilt, and the court instructed strongly in his favor. He 
 had an interesting wife and family. Breese defended him with 
 great zeal and ability. He left no stone unturned ; but after pre- 
 senting the facts and law of the case with remarkable clearness and 
 force, he ventured upon an appeal to the sympathies of the jury in 
 behalf of the wife and little children of his client. It was a most 
 powerful effort, and the by-standers all believed that he bad saved 
 his man. But not so ; by his efiorts to work upon the sympathies 
 of the jury, he had opened a door which let Bissell in to play upon 
 their feelings. This was his forte. The scene was at night ; the 
 room was dimly lighted, and wore a sepulchral air ; and such word- 
 painting I shall never hear again as Bissell employed on that occa- 
 sion. He turned the picture over, and portrayed the murdered 
 man in his grave, his winding-sheet around him, his hair matted 
 with clay, and his shroud clotted with blood, streams of crimson 
 gore trickling still from his gaping wounds. He drew the mother 
 and little children to the edge of the grave, where they could take 
 a last look at the cold and clammy remains of their beloved husband 
 and father. He depicted their agony in such heart-rending terms 
 as to scarcely leave a dry eye in the house. He turned the tide 
 of sympathy, and it became an irresistible torrent in behalf of the 
 bereaved widow and offspring of the dead. The effects of the 
 splendid efforts of Breese were all swept away." 
 
 " I realized then, to its fullest extent, the power of language in 
 the mouth of a master over the feelings of mankind. The picture 
 drawn by Bissell on that occasion has stamped itself indelibly on 
 my mind. I see it in visions of the night. I hear his burning 
 elpqueuce, to this day, ringing in my ears. He triumphed, and 
 poor Raney was found guilty. "If that effort had been taken down, 
 and could be read by us— of itself— it would have made the name 
 of William H. Bissell immortal." 
 
 Judge Joseph Gillespie, of Edwardsville, to whose graphic pen 
 we are indebted for the above sketch, is now one of the few sur- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 95 
 
 vivors of that band of active men who were foremost in shaping the 
 political sentiment of the state forty years ago. He was born in 
 New York in the year 1809, and in 1819 became a citizen of this 
 state. He attracted the attention of Cyrus Edwards, a lawyer who 
 had practiced with distinguished success in Kentucky and Missouri, 
 but who had abandoned his profession on account of bad health, 
 and retired to a farm near Edwardsville. Thinking that young 
 Gillespie had an aptitude for the law Edwards invited him to 
 become his student, and gave him the gratuitous use of his books. 
 He was admitted to the bar, and iu 1837 began traveling the cir- 
 cuit under Judge Sydney Breese. He was elected to the bench of 
 the circuit court in 1861, and served till 1873. He has been one 
 of the leading and prominent lawyers of Illinois for many years, 
 and made a good judge. 
 
 PRESENT MEMBEES OF THE BAE 
 
 Gustavus Koerner, now one of the oldest members of the bar at 
 Belleville, was born at Frankfort, Germany. He studied law in 
 the University of Jena, and was also a student at Munich and 
 Heidelberg, and from the university at the latter place received the 
 degree of LL. D. He was admitted to the practice of the law in 
 Germany in the year 1832. In 1833 he came to America. He 
 studied the common law at the law school at Lexington, Kentucky. 
 In June, 1835, he was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and began 
 practice at Belleville. In 1845 he was appointed by Gov. Ford to 
 a seat on the supreme bench, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the 
 resignation of James Shields, and shortly afterward was elected by 
 the legislature to the same position. He served on the bench till 
 the new constitution of 1848 effected a change in the judiciary of 
 the state. (From 1840 till the adoption of a new constitution, the 
 supreme court judges also presided over the circuit courts.) In 
 1852 Mr. Koerner was elected lieutenant-governor. In 1862 he 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Spain. His 
 decisions while on the bench were marked by great clearness and 
 ability, and during his active practice at the bar has gained the 
 reputation of one of the leading lawyers of Southern Illinois. 
 
 Judge William H. Snyder, the present judge of the circuit court, 
 began the practice of the law at Belleville in the year 1845. His 
 birth place was Prairie du Pont, St. Clair county. His father, 
 Adam W. Snyder, was in his day, one of the leading lawyers of the 
 St. Clair county bar. He completed his scholastic education at 
 McKendree College. Before reaching his majority he acted as 
 postmaster at Belleville, under the admistration of James K. Polk. 
 He prepared himself for the legal profession in the oflBce of Gus- 
 tavus Koerner. He served in the Mexican war as adjutant of the 
 Fifth Illinois regiment. He was elected twice to the legislature, 
 and in 1855, was appointed by Gov- Matteson, state's attorney. 
 He was elected judge of the circuit court in 1857, and at that time 
 was on the bench four years and a half. He was a member of the 
 convention of 1870, which framed the present constitution of the 
 state of Illinois. He was elected judge of the circuit court in 1873, 
 and was re-elected in 1879. He is a gentleman of genial manners, 
 and thorough attainments as a jurist ; and has made a popular and 
 efficient judge. 
 
 Nathaniel Niles was born in the state of New York, and obtained 
 his education at the Albany Academy, and the College at Prince- 
 ton, New Jersey. He began his legal studies at Albany, New 
 York, with Messrs. R. W. & G. W. Peckham, and continued in New 
 York city, in the office of Slidell & Livingston. He was licensed 
 as an attorney in 1837. In 1842 he came to Belleville, opened an 
 office, and engaged in the practice of the legal profession. He 
 served as county clerk twelve years. For a number of years he 
 
 was editor and proprietor of the Belleville Advocate, which in his 
 hands became the recognized organ of the Eepublicau party in 
 St. Clair county. During the war of the rebellion he was colonel 
 of the Fifty-fourth regiment Illinois volunteers, and afterwards of 
 the One Hundred and Thirtieth regiment. He was made brigadier- 
 general by brevet. In 1864 and 1865 he represented St. Clair 
 county in the General Assembly. 
 
 Theodore J. Kraft was born in Rhenish Bavaria, Germany, and 
 came to America in the year 1832. He began the practice of law 
 at Belleville in 1850. 
 
 Theodore E. Englemann, who, is now living near Mascoutah, 
 practiced law at Belleville from 1852 to 1860, as a partner of Gus- 
 tavus Koerner. The latter year he abandoned the profession and 
 went to farming. He served as clerk of the circuit court and 
 master in chancery. 
 
 Jehu Baker was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, and in the 
 year 1829, came to Illinois with his father, who settled on a farm 
 near Lebanon. For several terms he was a student at McKendree 
 College. He studied law at Belleville, and in 1846 was admitted 
 to the bar, and began practice as an attorney. In 1864, and again 
 in 1866, he was elected to represent the twelfth (now the seven- 
 teenth) district of Illinois in Congress. He is now Minister from 
 the United States to Venezuela, South America. He is a good 
 lawyer, and fine orator ; his mind is of a very philosophical cha- 
 racter. 
 
 Edward Abend studied law in the office of Lyman and George 
 Trumbull, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. He was in active 
 practice till 1852, since which time his attention has been devoted 
 to business pursuits. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, came to 
 St. Clair county in the year 1833, and obtained his scholastic edu- 
 cation at McKendree College. 
 
 John B. Hay prepared himself for the legal profession at Belle- 
 ville, in the office of Nathaniel Niles, and was admitted to the bar 
 in the year 1852. From 1860 to 1868 he served as state's attorney. 
 He was elected to Congress from the twelfth (now the seventeenth) 
 congressional district in 1868, and again in 1870. He is justly 
 regarded as an attorney of superior abilities. 
 
 Thomas Quick is a native of St. Clair county. He obtained his 
 education in McKendree College, studied law in the office of George 
 Trumbull, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in 1846. 
 He practiced at Waterloo till 1855, and then established himself 
 at Belleville. He was appointed bank commissioner by Gov. 
 Bissell, and held that position for several years. 
 
 Charles ,F. Noettling was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, 
 He came to St. Clair county in 1856, and took charge of the public 
 high school. After pursuing his legal studies for a time in the 
 office of William H. and J. B. Underwood, he was admitted to 
 practice in 1859. He is regarded as an office-lawyer of fine 
 abilities. 
 
 Robert A. Halbert is a native of St. Clair county. He was edu- 
 cated at McKendree college, and at Illinois college at Jacksonville. 
 He graduated from the latter institution. His preparatory legal 
 studies were carried on in the office of William H. Underwood, at 
 Belleville, and he was admitted to practice in 1866 at a session of 
 the supreme court at Ottawa. In 1868 he was elected state's 
 attorney for St. Clair and Bond counties, and is one of the ablest 
 lawyers at the bar. 
 
 Gustavus A. Koerner is a native of Belleville. In 1862 he ac- 
 companied his father, who had been appointed Minister to Spain, 
 and after remaining in that country six months, entered the Uni- 
 versity of Heidelberg. He returned to America in 1864, and in 
 1865 was admitted to the bar. In 1867 he formed a partner- 
 
96 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 ship with his father, which has since continued. He has filled 
 the ofiice of master in chancery, and is a good lawyer. 
 
 Alonzo S. Wilderman is a native of St. Clair county. He studied 
 law at Belleville, and was admitted to the bar in 1866 ; since which 
 time he has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, 
 and is a lawyer of recognized ability. 
 
 William Winkelman was born in Prussia. He prepared himself 
 for the legal profession under the instruction of Judge William H. 
 Underwood, and was admitted to the practice of the law in 1862. 
 
 James M. Hay is a native of Belleville. His education was ob- 
 tained at the Normal School at Ypsilanti, Michigan. He studied 
 law in the office of his brother, John B. Hay ; became a member of 
 the bar in 1858 ; and has since been engaged in the practice of 
 the legal profession. 
 
 James M. Dill, a native of Rhode Island, has been a member of 
 the Belleville bar since 1866, and has attained distinction as a 
 lawyer. Before coming to Belleville he practiced in the courts 
 of Nevada, then a territory. . 
 
 Charles W. Thomas was born in Jackson county, 111. He read 
 law at Belleville, and was admitted to practice in 1866, and is an 
 able and skillful lawyer. 
 
 Charles P. Knispel comes from Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. He 
 studied Blackstone in the office of Joseph Sloss at Edwardsville, 
 and was admitted as a lawyer in 1860. Soon afterward established 
 himself in practice at Belleville, where he has resided ever since. 
 He has served as state's attorney and master in chancery. 
 
 Marshall W. Weir was born in Mississippi. He was educated 
 at the Western Reserve Seminary in Trumbull county, Ohio. He 
 came to St. Clair county in 185^. He began the study of the law 
 in 1861, under the instruction of Spencer M. Kase, and since 1863 
 has been practicing his profession at Belleville, 
 
 Frederick E Scheel is a native of St. Clair county. He secured 
 his education at BsUeville and in the Washington University, St. 
 Louis. He was admitted to the bar in 1866. He is now acting as 
 master in chancery. For a number of years he was the editor of 
 the Stern des Western. 
 
 Louis P. Kraft was born near Belleville. He spent two years 
 at school in Germany. He studied law at Belleville in the office 
 of his father, Theodore J. Kraft, and became a member of the bar 
 in 1866. 
 
 James M. Hamill was admitted to the bar in White county, 
 Illinois, in 1871, and began practice at Belleville in 1872. 
 
 R K. Feeny was born in Washington county, Illiuois, studied 
 law with William H. Snyder, and was admitted to practice in 1870. 
 
 Edward L. Thomas is a native of St. Clair county. He studied 
 law at Belleville with his brother, C. W. Thomas, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1S68. 
 
 W. C. Kueffiier was born at Rostock, Germany, and came to St. 
 Clair county in 1861. He was Colonel of the One Hundred and 
 Forty-ninth Illinois regiment in the war of the rebellion. He 
 pursued his law studies in the St. Louis Law School from which 
 he graduated in 1871. The same year he established himself in 
 practice at Belleville. He is a good lawyer. 
 
 H. R. Challenor is a native of Randolph county. He received 
 his education in the College of the Christian Brothers, St. Louis, 
 and McKendree College, Lebanon. He was fitted for the bar at 
 Belleville, under the instruction of J. B. Underwood, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1866. He is now police magistrate. 
 
 George W. Brockhaus was born in Hamilton county, Ohio. He 
 secured his education in the common schools of St. Clair county, 
 and in the Normal School of Bloomington. He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1873, having studied law with Benjamin Mattice at 
 
 Mascoutah. He was elected prosecuting attorney for St. Clair 
 county in 1876. 
 
 Frederick B. Phillips was born in New Madrid county, Missouri. 
 His education was obtained at Arcadia College and the College of 
 the Christian Brothers, St. Louis. He was a student in the law 
 department of the University of Michigan, from which he graduated 
 in 1877. The same year he was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and 
 has since been practicing his profession at Belleville. 
 
 John N. Perrin was born on Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county. He 
 received his legal education in the law department of the University 
 of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. He was admitted to the bar, both in 
 the states of Illinois and Michigan, in 1876, and began practice at 
 Lebanon. In 1878 he established himself at Belleville. 
 
 L. T. Boutcher is a native of Washington county. He studied 
 law at Boulder, Colorado, and at the Union College of Law at 
 Chicago, from which he graduated in 1880. 
 
 Don Turner is a native of St. Clair county He was a student 
 in the McKendree College, and Washington University, St. Louis. 
 He graduated from the law department of the University of Michi- 
 gan in 1873, having previously begun his legal studies in the office 
 of G. and G. A. Koerner. 
 
 William J. Underwood was born in South Carolina. He began 
 reading law in 1851, and was admitted to the bar in Alabama in 
 1855. After the close of the war he came to Louisville, Kentucky, 
 and in 1872 became a resident of Belleville, where he resumed the 
 practice of his profession in 1876. He is the present city attorney. 
 
 Franklin A. McConaughy was born at Litiz, Lancaster county, 
 Pennsylvania. He read law in the office of William H. Under- 
 wood and Charles F. Noettling, and was admitted to practice in 
 March, 1871. He is a graduate of McKendree College. 
 
 Robert D. W. Holder is a native of Jefierson county, Illinois. 
 After leaving McKendree college he read law with Judge White 
 and F. A. Lietzel of Carlyle, and in 1872 entered the law depart- 
 ment of the University of Michigan, from which he graduated in 
 1874. He began practice at Mascoutah in 1875, and in 1877 
 opened an office at Belleville. In 1880 he was elected State's At- 
 torney. 
 
 J. A. Willoughby was born in St. Clair county. His legal studies 
 were pursued in the law department of the Uiiiversity of Michigan. 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1876. Since December, 1880, he has 
 acted as Recorder of St. Clair county. 
 
 Henry M. Needles was born in Brown county, Illinois. He 
 graduated from McKendree college in 1873. He began his legal 
 studies in the office of Underwood and Noettling, at Belleville, and 
 afterward attended the law department of the Wisconsin University. 
 He was admitted to practice in Wisconsin in 1876, and in Illiuois 
 in 1877. Since the latter date he has practised his profession at 
 Belleville. 
 
 John Hay was born at Belleville, and educated in the Washing- 
 ton University, St. Louis. He studied law at Belleville with his 
 father, John B. Hay, and became a member of the bar in 1879. 
 
 John N. Hugging is a native of St. Clair county. He prosecuted 
 his preliminary studies in the office of Wilderman & Hamill, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1880. 
 
 Frank Perrin was born at Mascoutah. He graduated from 
 McKendree college in 1878, and afterward fitted himself for the 
 legal profession in the law department of the same institution. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1881. 
 
 Among the prominent lawyers resident in East St. Louis is J. B. 
 Bowman. He was born in Germany, and received a good educa- 
 tion in his native country. Coming to St. Clair county, he followed 
 the trade of a blacksmith for a time at Cahokia, taught school in 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 97 
 
 Canteen village, and then studied law and was admitted to the bar. 
 His connection with the most important events that have occurred 
 in East St. Louis during recent years is well known. 
 
 Spencer M. Kase, now practising his profession in East St. Louis, 
 is a native of Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. He received 
 his education at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, and 
 graduated from that institution in 1855. He studied law with 
 Washington McCartney, at Easton, was admitted to the bar in 
 1856, and began practice at Danville, Pennsylvania. In the fall 
 of 1858, he came to Belleville, and there established himself in 
 the practice of his profession. In 1879 he removed to East St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Joseph B. Messick was born in Macoupin county. He was a 
 student for two years'at Shurtleff college. He studied law at Carlin- 
 ville, Illinois, and was admitted to practice in 1871. After practi- 
 cing one year at Carlinville, he opened an office in 1872, in East 
 St. Louis. In 1875 he was made Judge of the city court of East 
 St Louis. Judge Messick is a lawyer of ability, and an eloquent 
 and forcible speaker. 
 
 William G. Kase was born in Northumberland county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and received an academic education at Danville, in that 
 state. He came to Illinois in 1859, studied law at Belleville, with 
 his brother, Spencer M. Kase, and in 1862 was admitted to practice 
 as an attorney. He served one term as city judge. 
 
 Luke H. Hite is a native of Lancaster, Ohio. His father moved 
 with the family to Illiuois when he was eight months old. His edu- 
 cation was obtained in the public schools of Salem, Illinois, and in 
 the Normal University at Bloomington. He studied law with 
 Judge William H. Snyder at Belleville, and was admitted to prac- 
 tice in 1863. He was engaged in practice for two years at Fort 
 Wayne, Indiana, and in 1865 opened an office in East St. Louis, 
 where he has since followed his profession. He served as City At- 
 torney of East St. Louis five years. 
 
 Jesse M. Freels is a native of Tennessee. His education was ob- 
 tained at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, and at Amherst 
 College, from which he graduated in 1871. He subsequently at- 
 tended the law school of the Iowa State University, and was 
 admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1874. The same year he began 
 practice in East St. Louis. Since 1877 he has acted as counsel for 
 the city of East St. Louis. 
 
 George F. O'Melvany was born in Monroe county, Illinois. He 
 was educated at the Normal University, Bloomington, and prepared 
 lor the bar in the office of his uncle. Judge H. K. O'Melvany, at 
 Salem, Illinois. He began practice at Salem in 1868, and in 1870 
 came to'East St. Louis, where he has been practicing ever since, 
 with the exception of five years spent in California. 
 
 George W. Brackett was born at Cahokia. He attended the St. 
 Louis' University two years and studied law at Belleville with Na- 
 thaniel Niles. He was also a student at the Cincinnati Law School. 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1858, and since 1865 has had an 
 pffice in East St. Louis. 
 
 Mortimer Millard is a native of Pennsylvania. He studied law 
 at Pontiac, Michigan, was admitted to the bar in East St. Louis in 
 1864. 
 
 . James J. Rafter is a native of Maine, but has been a resident of 
 this state since he was two years of age. He was a student of the 
 law for two years in the office of Stuart, Edwards & Brown, at 
 Springfield. On his admission to the bar he began practice in East 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Charles T. Ware was born at Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence county, 
 New York. He came to St. Clair county in the fall of 1865, and 
 taught school three years at O'Fallon. During his leisure time 
 13 
 
 while teaching he read law. In 1869 he entered the office of Judge 
 William H. Underwood, and in 1870 was admitted to the bar. lu 
 1872 he received the appointment of Register in Bankruptcy for 
 the southern district of Illinois, and in 1880 was elected Judge of 
 the city court of East St. Louis. 
 
 William H. Bennett was born in Sumner county, Tenne-ssee, and 
 obtained his literary culture in the Hartsville Academy and the 
 Cumberland University of Lebauon, Tennessee. Ha studied law 
 in the Cumberland University, and was admitted to practice at 
 Gallatin, Tennessee, in 1838. In 1871 he removed from Gallatin 
 to East St. Louis, where he has since been engaged in practice. He 
 has served as city attorney of East St, Louis. 
 
 Edward R. Davis was born at Attica Genesee county. New 
 York. He was admitted to practice as an attorney in 1860, at Co- 
 runna, Michigan, where he had been a law student of Luke H. 
 Parsons. He opened an office in East St. Louis in 1865, where he 
 has since practiced his profession, except from 1866 to 1869, during 
 which time he was a resident of Springfield. 
 
 George W. Locke is a native of Ross county, Ohio. He received 
 his education at the Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1879. 
 
 George D. Green is one of the active practitioners at the St. 
 Clair county bar, and has an office in East St. Louis. 
 
 Frank B. Bowman was born in Johnson county, Missouri. He 
 received his collegiate education at the college of the Christian 
 Brothers, in St. Louis, and in Europe. He graduated from the 
 Harvard Law School in 1877, and the next year began practice in 
 East St. Louis, in connection with his father, J. B. Bowman. 
 
 Alexander Flannigen is a native of Galena, Illinois, but was 
 raised in Washington county. He received his education at the 
 Illinois Agricultural College. He read law in the office of William 
 G. Kase, in East St. Louis, and was admitted to practice in 1876. 
 He is now serving as city attorney. 
 
 Benjamin H. Canby was born in Ohio. At an early age he came 
 to Olney, Illinois and studied law in the office of R S. Canby. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1877, and the same year began practice 
 in East St. Louis. 
 
 AVilliam P. Launtz is a native of Guernsey county, Ohio. He ob- 
 tained his education chiefly in St. Louis and East St. Louis ; stu- 
 died law in the latter place, and in 1873 was admitted to the bar,, 
 and began practice in East St. Louis. 
 
 J. F. Greathouse was born in Pike county of this state. He read 
 Blackstone and Kent at Louisiana, Missouri, under the instruction 
 of John B. Henderson and D. P. Dyer. He was admitted to the, 
 bar in 1867. From 1870 to 1881 he had an office at Pittsfield, Illi- 
 nois, and in 1881 located in East St. Louis. 
 
 James H. Mannners was born at Highland, Madison county. He 
 studied law with his father,- Joseph D. Manners, who was then prac- 
 ticing in East St. Louis, and in 1876 became a member of the bar. 
 Archibald Lyons, the sole representative of the legal profession 
 at Marissa, is a native of Wayne county, Illinois. He obtained an 
 academic education at Irvington, Washington county, and Carbon- 
 dale, Jackson county. His instructor in his preparatory legal 
 studies was Isaac Clements of Carbondale. He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1878, and the same year began practice at Marissa. 
 
 Henry H. Horner, a native of Lebanon, St. Clair county, Illi- 
 nois, read law under the Hon. William H. Underwood, deceased, 
 late of Belleville, 111. He was admitted to the bar by the supreme 
 court of Illinois, July 14, 1847, and immediately located at Leba- 
 non, where he has ever since resided. In 1865, he succeeded Ex- 
 Gov. French, as Dean of the Law Department of McKendre© 
 College, situated at Lebanon, which position he now holds. 
 
&8 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR 'COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 John Eckert was born in Waterloo, Monroe county, Illinois. 
 He studied law under H. H. Horner, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1877, and located at Lebanon. He is the present city attorney 
 of Lebanon. 
 
 M. W. Schieffer, nativity Troy, Madison county, Illinois. Was 
 also a student of H. H. Horner, and was admitted to practice at 
 the bar in 1879. Is located at Lebanon, and is also engaged in the 
 banking business at that place. 
 
 M. M. Lindly is a native of Madison county, 111. He graduated 
 from the Law Department of McKendree College, and was ad- 
 mitted by diploma June 10, 1880. 
 
 Louis Zerweck, nativity Cleveland, Ohio, is also a graduate of 
 the Law Department of McKendree College, and was admitted on 
 the same day, and in the same manner as above. 
 
 CELEBRATED TEIALS. 
 
 The most celebrated criminal trial that ever took place in the 
 circuit court of St. Clair county, was doubtless that of Timothy 
 Bennett, for the murder of Alphonso C. Stuart. The circumstances 
 which attended this sad affair are related in the history of Belle- 
 ville. A sham duel was gotten up between Bennett and Stuart. It 
 was intended that the rifles should be charged with powder only, 
 but at Bennett's fire Stuart dropped dead. Stuart's rifle had not 
 been fired at all. This event took place in February, 1819. Bennett 
 escaped from jail, and was not recaptured for two years. He was 
 tried at Belleville in 1821, at a special term of the circuit court, 
 presided over by Judge John Reynolds. Daniel P. Cook was the 
 prosecuting attorney, and the defense was conducted chiefly by 
 Thomas H. Benton of St. Louis. Bennett was hung on the third 
 of September, 1821. 
 
 Only three executions have taken place in St. Clair county, and 
 one of these belonged to Madison county, and was tried in this 
 county on a change of venue. Beside that of Bennett in 1821, a 
 man named Orban was executed in 1854, and a man named Guidel 
 (from Madison county), in 1863. 
 
 The most noted civil case that was ever tried, was that of St. 
 Clair County against the Wiggins Ferry Company. The Ferry 
 Company, claiming that the legislature had granted to it a mo- 
 nopoly of the ferriage business, brought an action against St. Clair 
 county, to prevent the county from operating a ferry to St. Louis. 
 The case brought forth an eminent array of legal talent, and excited 
 much interest. The trial resulted in favor of St. Clair county. The 
 county was represented by Lyman Trumbull, James Shields, and 
 Joseph Gillespie. For the ferry company there appeared Stephen 
 A. Douglas, Edward Bates, and Hamilton R. Gamble of St. Louis, 
 and Stephen T. Logan. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE PRESS OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 BY D. MACKENZIE. 
 
 Western News — Pioneee— St. Claie Gazette — St. Claie Meeotjet — Ee- 
 
 PEESEWTATIVE AHD GAZETTE — BeLLEVILLB AdVOOATE — DaILT ADVO- 
 CATE — Belleville Sun — St. Claie County Faie Geound Jouenal — 
 Weekly Times — Daily Times — Westeen Peinting Company — The 
 Spieii op 76 — Ameeioan Bottom Gazette — Belleville Beobachteb 
 — Belleville Zeitunq — Belleville Volksblatt — Daily Zeitonq — 
 
 Steen Des Westens — St. Claie Banner — Belleville Times — Illi- 
 nois Republican — Illinois Advocate— Son of Tempeeanob — Leba- 
 non JouENAL — Lebanon Reveille — Lebanon Coueiee — Deutscheb 
 Demokeat— The Eagle— St. Claib Teibune— Stae op Egypt- 
 Belleville Democeat — Belleville Weekly Sun — Belleville 
 Banhee— Volksblatt— Daily Dispatch- Feeie Peesse— News Let- 
 tee— Mascoutah Banner— Anzeigeb—Minee's and Workman's Ad- 
 vocate—Sunday Heeald — East St. Louis Gazette— Daily Gazette 
 —People's Gazette — East St. Louis Peess— Daily Peess — St. Claie 
 Tribune- East St. Louis Heeald— National Stock Yaed Eepoeteb 
 —Western Live Stock Journai^— Railway Age— National— The 
 Future Great— Dot Papee— Illinois Republicanee— Dee Teeu- 
 BuuD— Refoem— Das Jouenal— Nicw Athens Eea— Mascoutah En- 
 teepeise— Independent— Daily Independent — Deb Steen— Daily 
 Steen— Belleville Republican —Maeissa Monitoe. 
 
 I HE inventor of printing, Laurentius Coster, was 
 ^ born in Haerlem, Holland, about the year 1370. 
 It was while rambling through the forest, con- 
 tiguous to his native town, that he cut some 
 letters on the bark of a birch tree. Drowsy 
 from the effort, and relaxation of a holiday, he 
 wrapped his handiwork in his handkerchief 
 and lay down to sleep. While men sleep the 
 world moves. Damped by the atmospheric moisture, the paper 
 wrapped about his carvings had taken an impression from them, 
 and Coster awoke to discover an inverted image of what he had 
 carved upon the bark. The phenomenon was suggestive because it 
 led to experiments that resulted in establishing a printing oflBce, 
 the first of its kind, in the old Dutch town of Haerlem. The date 
 of the discovery was between the years 1420 and 1426. In this 
 office John Gutenberg, whose proper name was Gansfleisch, served 
 a faithful and appreciative apprenticeship. Gutenberg was born 
 near the close of the 14th century at Mentz, Germany. He is re- 
 garded by some German writers, as being the inventor of printing, 
 but the preponderance of evidence is in favor of Coster. He, how- 
 ever, was the first to employ moveable types in printing, the date 
 of which was about the year 1438. After the death of Coster, he 
 absconded, taking with him a considerable portion of the type and 
 apparatus. He settled in Mentz where he won the friendship and 
 partnership of John Faust, a wealthy goldsmith and of sufficient 
 means and enterprise to set up the printing business upon a secure 
 financial basis. The date of the co-partnership was in the year 
 1450. It was dissolved several years later owing to a misunder- 
 standing. Gutenberg then formed a partnership with a younger 
 brother who had set up an office in Strasburg, but had not been 
 successful, and becoming involved in law-suits had fled from that 
 city and joined his brother at Mentz. These brothers were the first 
 to use metal types. 
 
 John Faust, after the dissolution of partnership with Gutenberg, 
 took into partnership Peter Schoeffer, one of his servants, and an 
 ingenious workman. He privately cut matrices for the whole al- 
 phabet, and when he showed his master the type cut from these 
 matrices Faust was so much pleased that he gave Schoeffer his only 
 daughter in marriage. Schoeffer's improvement in casting type 
 from matrices was made in 1456. Gutenberg's printing office ex- 
 isted in Mentz until 1465. He died February 4th, 1J68. 
 
 These are the great names in the early history of printing and 
 each is worthy of special honor. In this connection it is fitting that 
 mention should be made of William Caxton who introduced print- 
 ing into England, and was the first English printer of whom there 
 is any knowledge. He was born in Kent in 1422. In 1471 he 
 entered the service of Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. During 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 99 
 
 his sojourn in Bruges he formed the acquaintance of Colard Man- 
 sion, a well known printer of that city. He acquired the art and 
 in 1476 returned to England and set up his wooden printing press 
 in Westminster. The "Game and the Play of the Chesse," was 
 one of his earliest publications. He died about the year 1491. 
 
 For a long time printing was dependent upon most clumsy ap- 
 paratus. The earliest press had a contrivance for running the form 
 under the point of pressure by means of a screw. "When the pres- 
 sure had been supplied, the screw was loosened, the form withdrawn 
 and the sheet removed. The defects of this very rude mechanism 
 were at length partially remedied and improved by William Jansen 
 Blain of Amsterdam. He contrived a press in which the carriage 
 holding the form was wound below the point of pressure, which was 
 given by moving a handle attached to a screw hanging in a beam, 
 haying a spring, that caused the screw to fly back as soon 
 as the impression was given. The Blaine press was made entirely 
 of wood, and was in general use in Europe and America until the 
 present century. The next improvement in printing presses was 
 made by the Earl of Stanhope, who constructed one entirely of iron 
 which printed the whole surface of the sheet at one impression — the 
 size of the sheet being regulated by size of press. Numerous im- 
 provements were made upon the Stanhope press, which culminated 
 in the Columbian, an American invention patented in 1816, which 
 in time gained a large share of approbation. Other inventions fol- 
 lowed_ rapidly and all were more or less improvements upon others. 
 The Washington hand press came into more general use in Ameri- 
 ca than any other. Cylinder presses are the great modern invention 
 in the history of the art. It was invented by Mr. Nicholson, an 
 Englishman, and was patented as early as 1790. His patents co- 
 vered and embodied almost every principle so successfully applied 
 to printing since that day. Cylinder presses were much improved 
 by Messrs. Applegath and Cowper in 1818. In 1814 steam was 
 first applied to cylinder presses by Frederick Konig, a Saxon ge- 
 nius, and the subsequent progress of steam printing has been so re- 
 markable as to almost justify a belief in its absolute perfection. 
 Indeed to appreciate the improvements which have been made in 
 presses only, one ought to be privileged to stand by while the press- 
 man operated one of the clumsy machines of Gutenberg, and then 
 step into one of the well-appointed printing offices of our larger 
 cities, where he could see the roll of dampened paper entering the 
 great mammoth press, a continuous sheet, and issuing from it as 
 newspapers, printed, cut, folded, and ready for the carrier or ex- 
 press.^ 
 
 Type founding, or the manufacture of type, originated in Ger- 
 many along with printing, and dates as early as 1492. It was 
 then connected with the business of printing, but in time it became 
 a separate and distinct manufacture. The proceps of casting type 
 was much the same, and done by hand from the 1.6th century until 
 1848, when Meller and Richard of Edinburg, Scotland, invented 
 and patented a machine for casting types. In 1860 it was much im- 
 proved by the patentees, and is now the most advanced and approved 
 system of type casting in both Europe and America. The earliest 
 type used were in the style now known as "Gothic," or Black- 
 letter. 
 
 It would be interesting to trace more minutely the history of this 
 great art from its humble origin in Hserlem, through all successive 
 stages, to the present, and to classify its products. For nearly a 
 thousand years previous to its introduction, mankind had been sur- 
 rounded by the densest ignorance the world has ever known. 
 Teutonic barbarians had swept over fair Italy, had sacked her 
 capital, had despised her civilization as unworthy even the indul- 
 gence of men dependent upon muscle and sword for empire and 
 
 liberty. Vandalism had been christened, and had mocked the 
 wisdom of philosophers while destroying and defacing the master- 
 pieces of Grecian and Roman architecture and sculpture. Attila 
 the "Scourge of God," at the head of vast Tartar hordes from 
 Asiatic steppes,had traversed the Roman empire, spreading dismay 
 and disaster, until checked at the fierce battle of Chalons. Omar 
 had burned the great Alexandrian library, after declaring that if 
 its volumes agreed with the Koran, they were needless ; if they 
 conflicted, they were pernicious. During this period, feudalism 
 had kept the noble at war with his sovereign, had unsettled gov- 
 ernments, and made men soldiers with scarcely time for necessary 
 practice at arms ; amusements were popular, only as they contri- 
 buted to martial prowess, and poetry in the main was but a min- 
 strel's doggerel concerning the chivalrous deeds of a listening 
 knight or the wonderful charms of a favorite mistress. From the 
 fall of Rome, there had been but little talent and time to cultivate 
 letters. A few ecclesiastics here and there were the custodians of 
 the learning saved from the wrecks of Grecian literature and Roman 
 knowledge. The masses were ignorant. They believed that the 
 hand which commonly held the sword would be disgraced if trained 
 to wield the pen. Books were for the monk's cell or the anchorite's 
 cave, and the objective points of all study were to escape purgatory, 
 to cast a horoscope, to turn the baser metals into gold. Supersti- 
 tion, priestcraft and thirst for material renown moulded public acts 
 and private training. 
 
 The Crusades broke the power of feudalism, dispelled much geo- 
 graphical ignorance by making neighboring nations better ac- 
 quainted, gave an impetus to commercial enterprises, awakened the 
 sluggish intellect, enlarged the human mind and rendered it more 
 tolerant, introduced the luxuries and refinements of the Greek 
 empire, and brought about Magna Charta and Free Cities. With 
 the expanding and increasing commerce, arts came to the front, 
 trades flourished and practice began to test precept. The middle 
 classes, whose condition ever determines the character of an era 
 or nation, obtained concessions and rights to which they had been 
 strangers for centuries. The mental world began to move. Famous 
 journeys and discoveries were made. Roger Bacon and Berthold 
 Schwartz studied the chemistry of the Arabs, and were among 
 the first devotees at the shrine of physical science. Spain, Italy, 
 the Netherlands and England sought new outlets for their surplus 
 products of soil, loom and fisheries. Mental darkness can make 
 no long-continued stand against such enterprise, and enterprise 
 will ever find an exponent to herald its doings from nation to 
 nation, and a medium to make its conquests the property of 
 succeeding generations. Europe was in a commercial and intel- 
 lectual foment when Coster set up his printing oflice in Haerlem, 
 and inaugurated an industry until then unknown. To understand 
 the eflect of that industry upon humanity, compare the enlighten- 
 ment, civilization and progress of the present with the semi-barbar- 
 ism and stagnation of the middle ages. Printing is rolling back 
 ignorance, vice and degradation, is unfolding the mysteries of 
 nature, and is explaining the mandates of Him who made man in 
 His own image, and expects the homage of the creature due the 
 Creator. 
 
 The Romans, in the time of the Emperors had periodical notices 
 of passing events, compiled and publicly posted. These Acta 
 Diurna (daily events) were the newspapers of the day. Before 
 they were posted in the public places, where all who desired 
 could see them, they passed under the inspection of the Emperor, 
 and later of Censors, Quaestors or Magistrates, whose duty it was 
 to carefully scrutinize and erase such imformation as they, or, the 
 Emperor desired withheld from the people. The first newspapers in 
 
100 
 
 EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Europe are traceable to Germany and Venice and date back to soon 
 after the discovery of printing. In 1536 'the first newspaper of 
 mod'rn times was issued at Venice, but governmental bigotry 
 compelled its circulation in manuscript form. In the latter half of 
 the 15th Century small news sheets named the "Rugulationer" and 
 " New Zeytung " appeared in different cities composing the com- 
 mercial centers of Germany but they were generally in the form of 
 a letter. The first newspaper established in Germany was the 
 Frankfurt Gazette which still survives, and is credited with being 
 the oldest newspaper in the civilized world. It was established in 
 1615. The first and nearest approach to newspapers in the English 
 language were the pamplets called the " English Mercury," " News 
 out of Holland," and others, that made their appearance in 1622. 
 They, however, hardly deserve the name of newspapers. In 1663 
 the Public Intelligencer, printed in London, made its appearance. 
 It was the first English paper to attempt the dissemination of 
 news. It continued until the appearance of the London Gazette, 
 which was first issued Nov. 7th, 1665, at Oxford. There were no 
 papers printed oftener than once a week until in the reign of Queen 
 Anna, then from the interest created by the war in progress, and 
 the brilliant victories achieved by Marlborough, there was a de- 
 mand for more frequent intelligence. To satisfy this demand the 
 Daily Courant was issued every day of the week, Sundays excepted. 
 The Courant was the first daily paper issued. 
 
 The first newspaper issued in America was the Public Occurrences 
 at Boston, Sept. 25th, 1690, by Richard Pearce, and was immedi- 
 ately suppressed by the government. No man, or, set of men had 
 the presumption to undertake a similar enterprise until fourteen 
 years afterwards, when John Campbell, postmaster, established the 
 Boston News Letter . The first issue was April 24th, 1704. It was 
 a half sheet, twelve inches by eight, with two columns to the page. 
 The Boston Gazette was issued Dec. 21st, 1719, and the American 
 Weekly, at Philadelphia, one day later— Dec. 22'd, 1719. In 1721 
 James Franklin started the Boston Courant, which was edited for 
 six years by his brother Benjamin. From 1704 to 1748 there were 
 but six newspapers published in America. From 1748 to 1783 the 
 number increased to forty-nine. The oldest living newspaper in 
 the United States is the New Hampshire Gazette. It was founded 
 Oct. 7th, 1756, and has been published without intermission or 
 radical change of name from that date to the present. The first 
 daily newspaper in the United States was the American Daily Ad- 
 vertiser, established in Philadelphia in 1784, now called the North 
 American. The next year the New York Daily Advertiser was 
 issued. 
 
 There are published in the United States and Territories nearly 
 9000 newspapers and magazines, of which 800 are issued daily; 60, 
 tri-weekly; 120 semi-weekly; nearly 7000 weekly; 40 semi-month- 
 ly; 90 semi-annually; 17 once in two months, and between 50 and 
 60 quarterly. The Census of 1880 will show nearly one newspaper 
 to every five hundred inhabitants. At the beginning of 1880 there 
 were of journalistic publications in the United States, besides 
 English, 220 German, 35 French, 25 Spanish, 25 Norwegian, Dan- 
 ish and Swedish, 10 Bohemian, 10 HoUandish, 5 Welsh, 2 Portu- 
 guese, 2 Polish, 1 Hebrew, 1 Cherokee, 1 Choctow and one Chinese. 
 
 Heal journalism, by which is meant the compiling of passing 
 events for the purpose of making them more generally known and 
 instructive, did not commence until about 1820. Prior to that 
 date the ambition of journalists was to direct and crystallize public 
 opinion. The columns of the journals were much occupied with 
 discussions and dissertations upon every conceivable subject in which 
 the masses had no direct interest or sympathy, and news was almost 
 entirely ignored. To use a vulgar saying, newspapers were then 
 
 edited with the paste pot and scissors, Now, the real object of a 
 newspaper is to get the latest, freshest news, and lay it before their 
 readers in the shortest possible time. The innovation upon old 
 forms and introduction of new methods whereby the publishing of 
 news was made the first object of the paper, originated with the 
 publishers of the New York Sun. It was the first real newspaper 
 in the world. It was specially devoted to news both local and 
 general, and soon attained a circulation unprecedented in the 
 history of journalism. Other newspapers were not slow to observe 
 the signals of success and followed in the wake of the Sun, and 
 soon old fogy methods were lost in the hazy past. News is the 
 dominant idea of the successful newspaper of the day. 
 
 Journalism has become a powerful educator. Experience has 
 been its only school for special training, its only text for study, its 
 only test for theory. It is scarcely a profession, but is advancing 
 rapidly towards that dignity. A distinct department of literature 
 has been assigned to it. Leading universities have contemplated 
 the inaugurati(m of courses of study, specially designed to fit men and 
 women for the duties of the newspaper sanctum. These innovations 
 are not untimely, since no other class of men are so powerful for 
 good or ill as editors. More than any other class they form public 
 opinion while expressing it, for most men but echo the sentiments 
 of favorite journalists. Even statesmen, ministers and learned 
 professers not unfrequently get their best thoughts and ideas from 
 the papers they read. 
 
 For dates and facts relating to the early history of the press of 
 St. Clair county we are indebted to the newspaper fraternity, who 
 have kindly aided us with information necessary for this chapter. 
 We also desire to extend our thanks to Mr. E. H. Fleming, one 
 of Belleville's veteran printers and journaiiits, James H. Hughes, 
 T. Quick, Esq., Prof Deneen of McKendree College, and others, 
 for information which has enabled us to trace the history of the 
 press from 1827 down to the present time. 
 
 Prior to the establishment of a newspaper in the region now 
 known as St. Clair county, the people depended upon the Missouri 
 Gazette, established in 1808 in St. Louis, now known as the Mis- 
 souri Republican, for their news from the outside world. At this 
 distant day it is nearly if not quite impossible to get reliable and 
 correct information regarding the first newspaper of this county. 
 No files, or old copies can be found in the possession of the older 
 inhabitants, nor in the archives or among the records of the State 
 Historical Society. We have therefore to depend in a large mea- 
 sure upon the best recollections of men and women who lived in 
 the pioneer days of Illinois. Many such can be found, but among 
 them are various opinions and much confusion, particularly as to 
 dates. We are convinced, however, that the first newspaper ever 
 published in St. Clair county was called 
 
 THE WESTERN NEWS, 
 
 And was established by Dr. Joseph Green in Belleville, and was first 
 issued in the winter of 1827-8. It was a small sheet, promising a 
 weekly issue, but appeared semi-occasionally. It, however, was a 
 newspaper, and the first ever printed within the present confines of 
 St. Clair county. The next paper was the 
 
 PIONEER, 
 
 Which was the second newspaper, and first religious journal in the 
 county. The Prospectui of the Pioneer was issued in December of 
 1828, and the first paper issued April 25th, 1829, at Rock Spring, 
 the seat of Rock Spring Academy. It was established by Rev. 
 Thos. P. Green, a Baptist minister, who brought a hand-press and 
 type from Cape Geradeau, Mo. Rev. Green was a practical print- 
 
mSTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 101 
 
 er. He was assisted by his two sons, also printers. The Pioneer 
 was a five-column single sheet newspaper, edited by Rev. James 
 M. Peck. In the fall of 1829, Green sold the office to Peck, and 
 on the 14th of June, 1830, Ashford Smith took charge of the print- 
 ing—Peck remaining editor. The business arrangement continued 
 until 1836, when a partnership was formed between Peck and 
 Smith, and the office was removed to Upper Alton, and there made 
 its appearance as the Western Pioneer and Baptist Banner. The 
 form was a six-column folio. The Pioneer was printed in a frame 
 building, 30 by 12, which is still standing, and used as an out-house 
 on the farm of 8. G. Smith, a son-in-law of Pecks. 
 
 In 1833, Robt. K. Fleming, editor and publisher of the Kashas- 
 Ma Recorder, was induced to remove his printing office to Belle- 
 ville, by the prominent and representative men of St. Clair county, 
 who pledged him their support and patronage. In accordance with 
 their wishes he packed up the type and presses, and with his family 
 came to Belleville. As soon as he could " lay out " the office he 
 commenced the publication of the 
 
 ST. CLAIE GAZETTE. 
 
 Its first appearance was about December 20th, 1833. The paper 
 was continued by him for a number of years, under many dis- 
 advantages. The publication was often interrupted, owing to finan- 
 cial difficulties and other causes incident to the establishing of a 
 newspaper in the pioneer days of Illinois. He changed the name 
 of the Gazette to the 
 
 ST. CLAIR MEECUEY. 
 
 The latter was the forerunner of the 
 
 EEPEESENTATIVE AND GAZETTE, 
 
 the first number of which was issued May, 1838. E. S. Cropley was 
 the editor and publisher. The Representative and Gazette was a 
 large size folio, and was ably edited and liberally patronized by 
 the merchants and business men of Belleville. Some of the adver- 
 tisements are unique, while others will serve to recall the names of 
 men who played a conspicuous part in the country and state half a 
 century ago. Among the professional advertisements is that of 
 Colonel J. L. D. Morrison, Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law, and 
 is dated, Kaskaskia, July 27th, 1838, when the Colonel informed the 
 public he has permanently located in the practice of his profession. 
 Then comes Koerner & Shields, Attorneys at Law, the latter the 
 hero of three wars, and United States Senator from three States. 
 On the 6th of September, 1838, Lyman Trumbull and John 
 Reynolds formed a co-partnership in the practice of law. Thomas 
 Kinker, a cabinet-maker, informs the public that he " will attend 
 to all business in his line from the cradle to the grave." But 
 that which will strike the average reader as somewhat strange 
 reading in these latter days, in view of the present political con- 
 dition of the negroes under the late amendments to the constitu- 
 tion, is the following " Notice," " Was committed to the jail in 
 Perry County, Illinois, on the 22nd day of December, 1838, Two 
 Negroes, supposed to be runaway slaves, viz. : A man and woman, 
 &c." Here follows a full description of their persons and calling 
 upon the owners " to como forward, prove property, pay charges 
 and take them away, or, they will be dealt with as required by 
 law." This notice was published six times and the printing fee 
 was three dollars. From a leading editorial published February 
 2d, 1839, we subjoin the following excerpt, for the purpose of 
 showing that, what was true then of political parties, is true yet. 
 Under the head of " Thoughts on the present condition of parties 
 
 in this State," they quote, "The present condition of parties in 
 our State opens a fair field for philosophic speculation. The 
 numerical strength is nearly equal, their efficient means of operat- 
 ing upon public opinion are nearly equal, and with party scales so 
 nicely balanced, it will follow as certainly as the light of day 
 succeeds the darkness of the night, that the party which relies 
 alone on intrigue and political management will be defeated, and 
 that one which trusts to the immutable principles of justice, 
 honesty and equal rights will prove successful." No truer words 
 than the above were ever penned. 
 
 Nolhwithstanding the ability with which the Representative was 
 conducted, and the evidence of its prosperity shown by the large 
 number of advertisements with which its columns were crowded, 
 it failed about the close of 1839, and from it rose 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE ADVOCATE, 
 
 Which has withstood the rude shock of time, and come down to 
 us from a former generation. It has lived through all the vicissi- 
 tudes attending upon journalistic enterprises and has been, with 
 but few slight intermissions, regularly issued from its first number 
 to the present. It is credited with being the first permanent 
 newspaper in St. Clair County. The first number of the Advocate 
 was issued March 27th, 1840, James L. Boyd and John T. C. 
 Clark were the editors and- publishers. It was printed in a build- 
 ing on the corner of Main and High Streets, and issued every 
 Saturday morning. In form it was a five column folio, price $2.00 
 per year. Twelve lines made a square. In looking over No. 8 of 
 Vol. 1, wherein is printed their terms to advertisers, we were 
 impressed with their good sense and business judgment as is shown 
 in the following : " Advertisements of personal altercations will 
 invariably be charged $2.00 per square for first insertion, and $1.00 
 for each continuous insertion, payment to be made invariably in 
 advance." This, no doubt, had the efiect to make disputants con- 
 sult their pocket books before engaging in a public altercation, or 
 the longest purse won the day. In their Prospectus, the editors 
 say to the public that " the Advocate will be conducted on pure 
 Demoerative principles, both editors being Democrats of the Old 
 School of Jeffersonian politics, diflfering from the monopolizing 
 Hamiltonian Autocracy iu their whole political creed." The paper 
 warmly supported Martin Van Buren for President, and Lyman 
 Trumbull for member of the State Legislature. Mr. Clarke re- 
 tired from the Advocate a few months after the first issue ; Boyd 
 continued the publication until the winter of 1841-2 when the 
 paper passed into the hands of Philip B. Fouke, and from him to 
 Robert K. Fleming, the founder and publisher of the old Gazette 
 and Mercury. It is fitting that we should here make a brief 
 biographical sketch of Robert K. Fleming, one of the pioneer 
 printers of Belleville. He was born in Erie County, Penn., and 
 learned the printer's trade in Pittsburg. He came west while yet 
 young, and worked at his trade in St. Louis. From there he went 
 to Kaskaskia and started a paper, and there married a Miss 
 Leland, a native of Mass. By this marriage there were five sons 
 ani two daughters. In 1833 he came to Belleville and engaged in 
 journalism, and here continued until his death in 1874. It may be 
 said of him that he had few faults, but many virtues. All of his 
 sons became printers, and all were more or less, connected with the 
 newspapers of St. Clair County. Edward H. Fleming, son of 
 Robert K., gradually got control of the office, and it remained 
 under his management until 1849, when the California gold fever 
 carried him to the Pacific Coast. He left the office in charge of 
 his brother, William K., who was also a printer. The latter in 
 the summer of 1849 commenced the publication of the 
 
102 
 
 SIS TOBY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 DAILY BELLEVILLE ADVOCATE, 
 
 The first daily newspaper published in St. Clair County. During 
 William S. Fleming's administration of the Advocate Jehu Baker 
 ■was editor. He is regarded by contemporaries and others as being 
 the ablest editor ever employed on the Belleville press. On June 
 the 29th, 1850, Fleming sold the Advocate to John W. Merritt, a 
 newspaper publisher, who afterwards located at Salem, Illinois, 
 and at a later date better known as the editor of the State RegUt&r 
 at Springfield, Illinois. Merritt reraaiued in control of the paper 
 until the latter part of the summer of 1851, when he sold to 
 Judge Niles. In 1851 , E. H. Fleming returned to Belleville from 
 California, and started 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE SUN. 
 
 Thirty-six numbers were issued when it was consolidated with the 
 Advocate, and a partnership formed under the name of Fleming 
 and Niles. The latter was editor, and the former foreman, and 
 attended to the mechanical part of the office. In 'October, 1852, 
 Fleming and Niles purchased the Illinois Independent, and consoli- 
 dated it with the Advocate. On the 19th of July, 1854, Judge 
 Niles' interest in the paper was purchased by James S. Coulter, and 
 he retired from his editorial labors for a short time. As a newspaper 
 writer. Judge Niles was far above the average. He was a strong, 
 forcible writer, though sometimes voluminous. Brevity was not 
 exactly his forte, yet articles from his pen showed a thorough 
 knowledge of the subject in hand. He gave the Advocate a promi- 
 nent position and high standing among the journals of Illinois. He 
 was better fitted, however, to fill the editorial chair of some metro- 
 politan journal than the sanctum of a country newspaper. 
 
 Messrs. Fleming and Coulter, soon after getting the control of 
 the Advocate, commenced the publication of the 
 
 DAILY BELLEVILLE ADVOCATE. 
 
 The first number was issued, September 1st, 1854. It was a five- 
 column folio, and a very neat, spicy publication. James S. Coul- 
 ter, the editor, was a Protestant Irishman, and was one of those 
 irrepressible characters so often found among the natives of the 
 Emerald Isle. He wielded a sharp, vigorous pen, and was indis- 
 criminate in the use of it, and sometimes would puncture a friend 
 as well as foe. 
 
 November 14th, 1855, E. H. Fleming retired from the Advocate, 
 from reasons of ill health. His interest in the office was purchased 
 by J. S. Coulter, who continued the paper until June 11th, 1856 
 when Judge Niles again became proprietor and editor. On the 
 first of July of the same year, Edward Schiller bought a half inter- 
 est in the office, and continued one of the proprietors until Dec. 
 3d, 1856,'when he retired, and Judge Niles published the paper 
 until May 13th, 1857, when the office was sold to Collins Van 
 Cleve, and T. C. Weeden. In the Salutatory of the latter, they 
 assure the public that the Advocate will be continued as a Free Soil 
 paper, which position it took in 1854. With the issue of July 10th, 
 1857, the paper was enlarged to an 8 column folio, with the name Bel- 
 leville Advocate, in large fancy letters. The next week the letters were 
 changed to a smaller size, which was a decided improvement. 
 Messrs. Van Cleve and Weeden continued the publication until 
 February 10th, 1860, when they sold to E. J. Montague, formerly 
 of the Chester Herald. Soon after taking charge, Mr. Montague 
 put a new dress on the paper, and it was then an exceedingly neat 
 publication. In September, 1860, during the progress of the County 
 Fair, the Advocate office published the first daily Fair Journal. It 
 was called the St. Clair County Fair- Ground Journal. On the 
 25th of January, 1861, the News Letter, published in Mascoutah, 
 
 was consolidated with the Advocate, and Alex. G. Hawes, its editor, 
 became the associate editor of the Advocate. The paper was then 
 known as the Weekly Belleville Advocate and News Letter. On the 
 8th of February, 1861, the office passed back into the hands of 
 Collins Van Cleve. Hawes remained connected with the paper 
 until May 10th, 1861, when he retired. On the 1st of June, 1861, 
 F. M. Hawes became editor, and Aug. 10th of the same year, pur- 
 chased the paper. With the issue of Oct. Uth, 1861, the word 
 " Weekly " was dropped, and the paper was known as the Belleville 
 Advocate. Mr. Hawes conducted the publication of the Advocate 
 until December 5th, 1862, when G. F. Kimball took charge of its 
 management, and assisted Mr. Hawes in the editorial department. 
 
 On the 27th of November, 1863, Mr Kimball purchased the en- 
 tire office including books, etc., for the sum of $1000. He con- 
 tinued sole proprietor and editor until January 1st, 1867, when he 
 sold a one-tenth interest to F. M. Taylor. Under the management 
 of Messrs Kimball and Taylor, the business of the office was greatly 
 increased. They embarked in the business of printing " Outsides" 
 for a number of newspapers in Southern Illinois. They also, in 
 addition to the Advocate, published at the same time, the Nashville 
 Journal, Sparta Plaindealer, Mt. Vernon News, CollimviUe Argus 2mA 
 Litchfield Monitor. They also did a large amount of book printing 
 for St. Louis and other places. The firm continued until 1872, 
 when a disagreement arose between the partners as to what position 
 the Advocate should take upon the political questions of the day. 
 The paper had been conducted as a Republican organ during the 
 time of Mr. Kimball's connection with it, but now his political 
 opinions had undergone a slight change, and he was inclined to the 
 liberal wing of the party, and was in favor of carrying the paper 
 over to its support. Taylor was a stalwart in his belief and insisted 
 on keeping the Advocate in the well beaten track of the radical 
 wing of the party. Their diflTerences were irreconcilable, and the 
 firm was dissolved. Mr. Taylor purchased the presses, material 
 and building, and Mr. Kimball retired from the business. He 
 went to Danville, Illinois, and there took editorial charge of the 
 Newi, a daily and weekly paper, and from there to Decatur where 
 he organized several newspaper enterprises. 
 
 In the summer of 1879, he returned to Belleville, and, for a few 
 months, was interested in the publication of the Republican. On 
 the 27th of November, 1879, he issued the first number of the 
 Weekly Times, and in Feb., 1880, the Daily Times, and continued 
 both publications until the following May when they were sus- 
 pended. 
 
 In the summer of 1880, he was for a short time editor of the 
 Advocate. In October, 1880, he removed to Sedalia, Mo., where 
 he is at present editing and publishing the Daily News, a leading 
 Republican journal of Central Missouri. 
 
 When Mr. Taylor purchased the Advocate office he formed the 
 
 WESTERN PRINTING COMPANY 
 
 which was organized and incorporated under the laws of the state. 
 The principal stockholders were : — Mrs. Kate L. Taylor, wife of F. M. 
 Taylor, Charles W. Thomas, E. L. Thomas, John Woods and F. M. 
 Taylor. Subsequently the shares of stock held by the Thomases 
 were purchased by Mrs. Taylor. At a later date she also secured 
 the share held by Woods which was assigned to J. B. Lemen. F. 
 M. Taylor was President, and John Woods, Secretary, and foreman 
 of the office : Mrs. Taylor afterward .became Secretary. The com- 
 pany continued the printing business until May 8th, 1880, when 
 the office was closed, and Taylor retired from the business. J. H. 
 Thomas purchased the material and presses and on the 4th of June 
 1880, resumed the publication of the Advoeate,mth G. F. Kimball 
 
HISTORY OF SI. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 103 
 
 as editor. The latter soon retired from the paper, since which time 
 Mr. Thomas has been both publisher and editor. The office of the 
 Advocate was in the building now occupied by the Post office which 
 was built and fitted up expressly for the paper. Jan. 1st, 1880, it 
 was removed to the Zeitung building and the 27th of Sept., 1880, 
 was removed to it present quarters. 
 
 The Advocate in form, as in proprietorship, has gone through many 
 changes. It is now a six-column quarto, all printed at home. Ty- 
 pographically it is a neat paper, and well edited. It was for years 
 the leading Democratic paper in southern Illinois, and, in later 
 days,, was the recognized organ of the Eepublican party in this 
 Congressional district, and to-day it still retains its prestige of for- 
 mer years. 
 
 The Advocate was for years the best known newspaper, perhaps, 
 with few exceptions in the state. It has numbered among its edi- 
 tors and contributors many of the leading and distinguished men 
 of the state of Illinois. 
 
 Sjon after the demise of the Representative and Gazette another 
 newspaper bearing the title of 
 
 THE SPIRIT OF 76 
 
 made its appearance as a campaign paper in the interest of Har- 
 rison and Tyler, candidates on the Whig ticket for the presidency 
 and vice-presidency. Its first issue was in the latter part of July, 
 1840. The paper had but a brief existence. After a few issues it, 
 too, took up its abode in the silent chamber of departed newspaper 
 enterprises. The type and presses however remained, and passed 
 into the possession of J. K. Cannon, who re-commenced the publica- 
 tion of a Whig paper, which advocated the claims of Harrison, 
 and after his election supported hid administration with zeal and 
 engi-gy. He continued the publication until his death ; then Chas. 
 Sargeant bought the press and material and published an indepen- 
 dent paper of which Elam Eust was editor. Rust afterwards 
 removed to Decatur and in 1856 established a paper in that city, 
 and died there in 1857. Sargeant's paper under the editorship of 
 Eust was particularly noted, and will be remembered among the 
 older citizens for its publications of personal paragraphs reflecting 
 upon the character of reputable citizens of Belleville. In one 
 instance, it is related, that such publication led fo fatal results. All 
 of the foregoing papers, including Sargeant's, ultimately fell into 
 the hands of the Advocate. 
 
 The first newspaper published in the American Bcttom, or that 
 portion of it lying in what now comprises St. Clair county was 
 called the 
 
 AMERICAN BOTTOM GAZETTE. 
 
 There is much confusion as to the date of its first issue, but from 
 the best information obtainable we are convinced that it was in the 
 winter of 1841-2. The publishers were Sumrix & Jarrott. It 
 continued until 1844 when the office was swept away by the great 
 flood of that year. The building from which the paper was issued 
 was situated near what is now known as Main and Market Streets, 
 East St. Louis, close to where the old " Bundy House " stood. 
 
 The next venture in journalism was a German publication 
 known as the 
 
 BELLEVILLE BEOBACHTEK 
 
 which was the second German paper in the State of Illinois, It 
 was started in 1844 by Theodore Engelmann, who at that time was 
 Deputy Circuit Clerk. During the same year he was elected 
 Circuit Clerk. Not having time to attend to his paper, he sold the 
 office to his foreman Bartholomew Hauck, who moved the office to 
 Quincy and there established the Quincy Bepbachter, which, con- 
 
 tinued until in 1848. Engelmann's term of office as Circuit Clerk 
 expired in that year. He opened up a correspondence with Hauck 
 and induced him to remove his printing office back to Belleville, 
 which was accordingly done in the latter part of the year last 
 above mentioned. The office was arranged, and January 11th, 
 1849, the first issue of the 
 
 BELLEVILLE ZEITING 
 
 was made. Mr. Engelmann took charge of the paper editorially, 
 and continued until 1851, when he gave up journalism, and retired 
 to his farm near Mascoutah, where he at present resides. Hon. 
 Gustavus Koerner then became the editor, and remained in charge 
 for two years. In 1853 Dr. Wenzel, one of the oldest newspaper 
 writers of the West, succeeded Koerner. He remained editor 
 until the 23rd of February, 1856, when he retired to take charge 
 of the Belleville Volkshlat as editor and proprietor. On the 18th of 
 March, 1858, Mr. Hauck sold the Zeitung to Frederick Rupp. On 
 the same day, Franz Grimm, the editor and proprietor of the 
 Volkshlat, con.cluded an arrangement with Eupp by which the latter 
 paper was consolidated with the Zeitung. By this arrangement 
 Eupp became the Busiuess Manager and Grimm the Editor. He 
 continued as editor until Sept. 25thj 1861, when he laid down the 
 pen to take up the sword. He enlisted in a company which be- 
 came a part of the 43d Eegt. Ills. Vol. Infantry, and fell fighting 
 for his country, April 6th, 1862, in the desperate battle of Shiloh. 
 His valedictory or final leave-taking from his old friends, tells best 
 the story of his patriotism and bravery, and what manner of man 
 he was. He says, in substance, " Firmly convinced that it is now 
 time for every man able to bear arms to arise at once in defence of 
 his home and country, and preserve the only Democratic republic 
 on earth, he must now take a decided stand, and stake his life, if 
 necessary, upon the issue of this terrible crisis. I have resolved to 
 give up my present quiet and peaceful profession, and to exchange 
 the pen for the sword. I assure my friends that this resolution was 
 not hastily formed, nor from one reason only. Yet I say in the 
 words of Hutten, ' I have ventured it : the die is cast : let it roll on 
 in iron.' Bidding friends and foes good bye, for how long the eternal 
 God only knows, I hope to live in their friendly memory until we 
 meet again, or, until my hour shall strike on the bloody field of 
 battle." 
 
 After Grimm, came Ludwig Seybold as editor, who in turn was 
 succeeded by Adelbert Loehr, Under the editorial guidance of 
 these gentlemen, the Zeitung kept up its prestige, then renowned 
 for true and genuine love of freedom and justice to all men. In 
 December, 1863, Dr. Charles Neubert becoming the managing edi- 
 tor. He at first kept the paper in the well beaten political track 
 marked out by his predecessors, but after awhile he deviated and 
 ran into extremes. Mr. Eupp, then sole proprietor, not agreeing 
 with him, the Doctor was asked to give up his position, which he 
 did, after being editor for nearly eleven years. In 1872 the Zei- 
 tung made a slight departure, and espoused the cause of the anti- 
 Grant liberal movement under the leadership of Horace Greeley. 
 After Dr. Neubert's withdrawal from the paper, Henry E. Miller 
 became its editor. On the 3d of January, 1873, Mr. Eupp died 
 and soon after the press materials and business was sold to Sebasr 
 tian Fietsam. June 22d, 1874, he sold a half interest in the Zei^ 
 tung to Mr. Semmelroth, who had been proprietor of the Stern Des 
 Westens, but had sold that journal to Frederick E. Scheel. Mr. 
 Miller was succeeded in the editorial chair by Bernhard Hartmann, 
 who remained until the 20th of June, 1875, when Eugene Seeger 
 became editor. On the 19th of August, 1876, was issued the first 
 number of the 
 
104 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 DAILY ZEITUNG, 
 
 which has continued uninterruptedly to the present, and has gained a 
 large circulation in Belleville and the surrounding country. On the 
 20th of October, 1877, Messrs. Fietsam and Semmelroth purchased 
 the office of the Stern Des Western, and consolidated it with the 
 Zeitung. Mr. Seeger gave up the editorial management of the 
 paper, February 5th, 1877, and L. W. Habercom took his place, 
 and continued therein until Oct. 9th, 1879 when he retired, and 
 his place was most ably filled by Curt Heinfelden, who still occu- 
 pies that position. On the 24th of June, 1880, Mr. Heinfeldea 
 purchased Mr. Fietsam's interest, and became an equal partner with 
 Mr. Semmelroth in the Zeitung. The present editor is a native of 
 Prussia, and came to America in 1875. His first journalistic 
 work was on the New Yorker Staats Zeituny, soon after his arrival 
 in this country. In May, 1876, he became a?sociate editor of the 
 Oindnnati Volksfreund. In 1877 accepted a position on the edi- 
 torial stafi'of the Ilinois Staats Zeitung in Chicago. In 1878 was 
 one of the editors of the Ameig&r des Western, St.* Louis, Mo., and 
 from there came to Belleville, and since that time has been identfied 
 with the Zeitung. He is writer of great brilliancy, and has given his 
 paper an enviable reputation and position among the German news- 
 papers of the state. Mr. Semmelroth, the business manager of the 
 Zeitung is a practical printer of much experience, and has been con- 
 nected with the Journalism of St. Clair county since 1856. He 
 has by his energy and industry contributed much to making his 
 paper an absolute necessity to the people of St. Clair county. Since 
 1856 the Zeitung has advocated the principles of the Republican 
 party. It then took a firm and positive stand against the introduc- 
 tion of slavery into the territories, and stoatly maintained the doc- 
 trines of popular sovereignty. All through the war it was on the 
 side of the Union, and did much to cultivate Union sentiments 
 among the people, particularly the German class. It enjoys the 
 largest circulation among the Germans, of any paper in Southern 
 Illinois. It also circulates in other state*, and a large number of 
 copies are sent to residents in different parts of Europe. The 
 Weekly Zeitung is in form, a six column quarto, and the Daily an 
 eight column folio. 
 
 In 1845 the Advocate was an established fact, and gave ample evi- 
 dence of its financial health fulness. This being the fact it would 
 seem that there was little demand or room for another newspaper. 
 Yet in the year above mentioned, Louis P. Pensoneau commenced 
 the publication of the 
 
 ST. CLAIR BANNER. 
 
 In 1847 he sold out to D. W. Gelwicks and Louis Tramble. 
 They changed the name to the 
 
 BELLEVILLE TIMES, 
 
 and continued the publication until January 12th, 1849, when the 
 paper was sold to Messrs. Harvey and Walker. Up to that date 
 the Times had been devoted to the advocacy of Democratic prin- 
 ciples, but the latter gentlemen carried the paper over to the Whig 
 camp, and it supported the administration of Gen. Taylor, the 
 President. That there might be no possibility of mistake on the 
 part of the public as to its new position, the name was also changed 
 from the Times to the 
 
 ILLINOIS REPUBLICAN. 
 
 Messrs. Harvey and Walker continued editors and publishers until 
 October, 1852, when it was purchased by Judge N. Niles, and was 
 absorbed by the Advocate. The Republican was edited with more 
 than average ability, and in its day was the most potential organ 
 of its party in Southern Illinois. 
 
 THE ILLINOIS ADVOCATE 
 
 Was established in 1848, in the town of Lebanon, and the first 
 number issued January 18th of that year. The intention of its 
 projectors was to make it the organ of Methodism in Illinois. It 
 was edited and published under the direction of members and trus- 
 tees of McKendree College. Eev. Davis Goheen and Benjamin 
 Hypes were the publishing committee; E. Wentworth, editor, 
 and A. W. Cummings, S. Mattison, W. Goodfellow, and S. M. E. 
 Goheen Assistant Editors. When first issued it was a four column 
 folio. With the commencement of the second volume it was en- 
 larged to a six column, same form. It was devoted to general intel- 
 ligence, literature, science, morality, religion ; local, foreign and 
 miscellaneous -news. The paper was continued until 1852, when 
 the office was closed from lack of patronage. In 1855 Collins Van 
 Cleve purchased the material and made additions thereto, and 
 commenced the publication of a paper called the Lebanon Gem, 
 which he continued until 1856, when he took the subscription 
 lists to Belleville, where he had become interested in the publica- 
 tion of the Advocate, and from there sent the paper to his old sub- 
 scribers in Lebanon until the subscriptions had expired. From 
 1856 to 1860, there was no paper published in Lebanon. On the 
 4th of March, 1860, No. 1, of Vol. 1, of the 
 
 ILLINOIS SON OF TEMPERANCE 
 
 made its appearance. George W. Moore, an ardent and enthusi- 
 astic temperance worker, and James P. Snell, were the editors aud 
 publishers. The name of the paper indicated its mission, and it 
 was designed as the organ of the Southern Grand Division of the 
 Sons of Temperance. Articles and editorials were contributed by 
 the leading writers favorable to the Temperance cause in Illinois. 
 Mr. Moore purchased the office at the St. Louis type-fouudry. He 
 had no knowledge of the business, and therefore Snell was im- 
 ported from Aurora to Lebanon to take charge of the mechanical 
 department, and was given a half interest in the profits of the 
 office. It was soon discovered that he knew but little more than 
 Moore. The result was that in June following he wa^ retired from 
 the business, and Mr. Moore continued the publication of the Sun 
 until the fall of 1862, when the office was closed and the type and 
 press boxed and sold back to the type-foundry in St. Louis. 
 The paper was in form a four-column folio. It attained a circula- 
 tion of over one thousand copies. 
 
 THE LEBANON JOURNAL 
 
 was established in 1867, by H. H. Simmons, and continued under 
 the same proprietorship until January 18th, 1S73, when the office 
 was sold to Dr. T. W. Eckert, now of the Belleville Republican. 
 He edited and published the Journal until May 1875, when he 
 sold to J. S. Padon. In August, 1876, Dr. Eckert re-purchased 
 the paper and published it until May, 1877, when he sold it to 
 Nelson Abbott. The latter failing to comply with the terms of the 
 sale, the mortgage was foreclosed, and the Journal reverted to 
 Eckert, who continued to publish it until November 4th, 1878, 
 when he sold to J. R. Connor, who in turn sold it to J. F. Ash. 
 The latter gave a mortgage upon the press and material, and de- 
 faulted in the deferred payments, and in consequence the office 
 passed into the hands of Prof. O. V. Jones. The name of the 
 paper was changed from the Journal to 
 
 THE LEBANON REVIELLE 
 
 after it passed out of Eckert's control, and kept that name until 
 February 18th, 1881, when the name was changed back to the 
 Journal. Prof. Jones associated with him in the management 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 105 
 
 C. W. Metzger, a practical printer, late of the Centralia press. 
 XJnder the management of these gentlemen we have no doubt but 
 that the Journal will be conducted in such a manner as will make 
 it a necessity to the good people of Lebanon and vicinity. 
 
 THE LEBANON COURIEE 
 
 was established in 1876 by E. H. Elliff. The press and type were 
 removed from Trenton to Lebanon, where the office was set up, 
 and the Courier issued as a campaign paper. It advocated the 
 principles of the Democratic party, and was edited with CDnsider- 
 able ability. After the campaign closed, the office was removed to 
 Eed Bud, and from there to Columbia in Monroe county. It was 
 there purchased by Peter Baker, and run as a campaign paper in 
 1880 in the interest of the Republican party. 
 
 BELLEVILLE VOLKSBLATT 
 
 was the name of a German paper, established Feb. 23, 1856, by 
 Dr. F. Wenzel. In his salutatory he sets forth the object and 
 mission of the paper. He says " that the interests of the farming 
 population would have his first and principal attention. The farmer 
 is the truly free man in this Republic. Free from corruption and 
 unacquainted with political wire-pulling and bar-room diplomacy, 
 he preserves in the midst of demoralizing influences a free and 
 independent position. The farmers are the healthy heart of the 
 nation ; on them rests the hope of progress. If the farming popula- 
 tion did not form a barrier against the tide of unexampled corrup- 
 tion and demoralization of the great American cities, one would 
 nearly despair of the future of the United States." In another 
 article he protests against the further extension of slavery, and 
 stated that the Germans as a class were opposed to that peculiar 
 institution. Dr. Wenzel continued editor and publisher from Feb. 
 23, 1856, to Sept. 12, 1857, when he sold the paper to Franz Grimm, 
 who in March, 1858, consolidated it with the Zeitung as stated in 
 another page in this chapter. Dr. Wenzel left Belleville, and went 
 to St. Louis, and there, in connection with Carl Dsenzer, established 
 the Westliehe Post, a German newspaper of national reputation. 
 During the late war he was special correspondent for his paper, 
 with headquarters at the front, and died while in that service. 
 
 DEUTSCHEE DEMOKRAT. 
 
 No. 1 of vol. 1, made its appearance July 1st, 1856. It was a 
 radical, outspoken Democratic newspaper, edited and managed by 
 Louis Didier. With the appearance of No 38 of vol. 1, A. Ruoff 
 became the editor and publisher. This arrangement continued for 
 a few weeks, when Didier became editor the second time and G. A. 
 Harvey publisher. The paper was suspended soon after. 
 
 THE EAGLE. 
 
 The first number of the Eagle was issued February 13th, 1854, 
 by Messrs. Bevirt & Shoupe, two young men, both practical printers 
 but having no editorial experience. It was placed' under the 
 editorial control of " Gov. Reynolds," who conducted it for a 
 short time. When first issued it was a daily, but it was soon 
 changed to a weekly, and at the same time underwent a change in 
 the name. It was called the 
 
 ST. CLAIE TEIBUNE. 
 
 About the same time John B. Hay and William Orr, the latter 
 a young man of brilliant talents, and a fine newspaper writer, 
 became the editors. This arrangement continued a short time- 
 The office was sold to Edward R. Stuart and G. A. Harvey, who 
 remained editors and publishers until September 3d, 1854, when 
 14 
 
 William E. Hyde, now managing editor of the Missouri Espubli- 
 can, bought Stuart's interest. The firm of Hyde & Harvey 
 continued until 1856, when Mr. Harvey became the sole owner 
 of the office. He continued the publication until July 1st, 1857, 
 when he sold to Van Cleve & Weedin, owners and publishers of 
 the Advocate. The Tribune was an eight-column folio, printed on 
 a Hoe-press, the first power press ever brought to Belleville. The 
 same press had formerly been used in the office of the Republican 
 of St. Louis, and it now does duty in the office of the Ameiger, 
 Mascoutah, Ills. The intention of the publishers was to make the 
 Tribune office the best and most complete in southern Illinois, and 
 for this purpose large sums of money were expended ; but the fail- 
 ure of patrons to pay and the lack of sufficient means to carry on 
 the business and tide it over the financial crisis of " '57," forced 
 the proprietor to offiir it for sale, and it found its way to the Advo- 
 cate office, where many of its predecessors had gone before. 
 
 George A. Harvey, its editor and manager, had much to do in 
 building up the newspaper business of Belleville. He wa? a prac- 
 tical printer. He learned his trade in the office of the Hollidays- 
 burg Register. He came west to Bjlleville in 1849, and worked 
 for some time as a compositor in the office of the Republican in St. 
 Louis. After his connection with the Tribune, he was the proprie- 
 tor of the Democrat, which will appear in its regular order, and for 
 a number of years afterward was engaged in literary work, and as 
 correspondent for the RepiMican, St. Louis. He was regarded as 
 a good newspaper man, and a sound, practical, though not brilliant 
 writer. He died January 9, 1877. In the winter of 1858-9, a 
 campaign paper was started by a stock company composed of gen- 
 tlemen of avowed allegiance to the Buchanan wing of the Demo- 
 cratic party. It bore the name of 
 
 THE STAR OF EGYPT. 
 
 It was edited and published by Ex-Gov. John Reynolds and J. 
 W. Hughes. It did good service as a campaign paper ; but its 
 existence was as short as its career was brilliant. 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE VOLKSBLATT. 
 
 After Bartholomew Hauck sold the Zeitung to Mr. Rupp, his 
 son Louis, who was a printer, started the Volksblatt in the summer 
 of 1860. It was both a daily and weekly publication. It was con- 
 tinued until 1865, when it was sold out to Messrs. Fischer and 
 Schmall of Mascoutah, who were then the proprietors of the Stern 
 des Westerns. Schmall removed the consolidated offices of the lat- 
 ter paper and Volksblatt to Belleville, where soon after he sold to 
 Messrs. Semmelroth & Kircher, both practical printers, who took 
 charge May 15, 1866, and continued four weeks. Then Kircher 
 sold his interest to Daniel Hertle, who in turn sold to Semmelroth, 
 who continued the paper until 1872, when it became the property 
 ofFred. E. Scheel. 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE DEMOCEAT. 
 
 The above named journal was established in 1857 by Messrs, 
 Boyakin and H. L. Fleming as publishers. In 1859, it passed into 
 the hands of Messrs Stuart and Shoupe, who continued the publica- 
 tion until November, 1860, when G A. Harvey became publisher. 
 He conducted the paper with great success until August, 
 1863, when it was purchased by Messrs. Denlinger and 
 Russell, its present proprietors, who have continued the publi- 
 cation to the present. The paper was originally a seven- 
 column folio. It was changed to a nine-column, same form, 
 in January, 1870. The Democrat was for a long time the official 
 paper of the city of Belleville, and in its columns were published 
 
106 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the proceedings and edicts of the City Board. The paper, in 
 politicti, has always been Democratic in tone, and has done much 
 towards sustaining and making popular the principles of that 
 p ilitical organization. It has contiaued longer under one manage- 
 ment than any other newspaper in St. Clair county. The Democrat 
 belongs to the conservative classof journals, and is entirely reliable 
 and trustworthy in the dissemination of local or political news. 
 
 Iq the summer of 1880, Mr. A. B. Russel, editor of the Democrat, 
 was compelled from continued ill-health, to suspend editorial work 
 upon the paper. William J. Underwood, a newspaper writer of 
 considerable ability, then took charge and has continued as editor 
 up to the present. 
 
 In 1857, E. H. Fleming started the 
 
 BELLEVILLE WEEKLY SUN. 
 
 Tliirl-y-five numbers were printed, when its light was obscured, and 
 it found its way to the Advocate office, with which paper it was 
 consolidated. 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE BANNER. 
 
 No. 1 of Vol. 1 was flung to the journalistic breeze Sept. 1st, 
 1859. It was edited and published by H. L. Davidson. In form, 
 it was a six-column folio. In his salutatory, the editor says, " The 
 Banner will be a warm supporter of the Sunday-schools, and labor 
 for the cause of education." In giving the political status of the 
 Banner, Mr. Davidson wished it to be understood that it was 
 decidedly Democratic, and in the following lines lays down the law 
 and duties of Democracy : " Its mission is to restore harmony, con- 
 cession and Eelf-dfenial in the somewhat distrusted Democratic 
 party — all for the cause, nothing for men. The Banner hails the 
 Dred Scott decision as establishing the great fundamental princi- 
 ples by which the union of the States is to be preserved for all time 
 to come, and any political heresy of squatter sovereignty militating 
 against that decision and the constitution of the United States, will 
 be treated in these columns as a dangerous and ruinous interloper 
 introduced into the ranks of the Democratic party for evil and 
 dettructive purposes." The salutatory occupies over a column of 
 the paper, and is a forcible, aggressive and powerful arraignment 
 of the political parties of that day, and a clear and concise state- 
 ment of the duties of the Banner in the premises. The paper 
 continued for a short time, when the office was closed and the 
 publication suspended. 
 
 THE VOLKSBLATT. 
 
 After the removal of the offices of Volksblatt and Stem Dea 
 Westens to Belleville by Schmall, the paper was issued and known 
 as the 
 
 STEEN DES WESTENS. 
 
 It passed from Schmall into the possession of Semmelroth and 
 Kircher, then Kircher sold to Daniel Hertel, who was editor. 
 Subsequently Hertel retired from the paper, and Semmelroth be- 
 came the sole proprietor. Henry Huhn had editorial charge from 
 1868 to 1872, when the paper was sold to Frederick E. Scheel, 
 who continued both the daily and weekly until Oct. 20th, 1877, at 
 which time it was sold to the Zeitung, and consolidated with that 
 paper. Under Scheel's administration the Stern Des Westens was 
 conducted with vigor and ability. He made it a live newspaper, 
 and the organ of his party in this Congressional district.. Mr. 
 Scheel is a ready writer, and well posted in the political issues of 
 the day. 
 
 THE DAILY DESPATCH 
 
 Was the name of a daily newspaper, the first copy of which ap- 
 peared March 7th, 1861. It was edited and printed by Thomas H. 
 Fleming and G. M. Williams. On the 19th of the same month it 
 
 was transferred to G. A. Harvey, publisher of the Democrat. He 
 continued it until Aug. 3d, of the same year, when its publication 
 ceased. 
 In May, 1868, a German paper named the 
 
 FEEIE PEESSE, 
 
 was organized and issued by a joint stock company, composed of 
 the leading Democrats of Belleville. Mr. Mueller was editor. It 
 was a campaign paper, and was published until the close of the 
 canvass, and soon after the press and material was purchased by 
 Mr. Brickey of Red Bud and moved to that town, where the pub- 
 lication was resumed, with A. C Helmich as its editor, and. 
 Peter Baker publisher. The office was soon after removed to 
 Belleville, and the paper was published for one year, when it sus- 
 pended, and the office was closed. 
 
 The first newspaper venture in the town of Mascoutah was the 
 
 NEWS LETTEK. 
 
 It was published by August Hamilton, and edited by Alexander 
 G. Hawes. No. 1, of Vol. 1, was issued Jan. 19th, 1860. It was a 
 seven column folio, independent in politics, with slight tendencies to- 
 ward the Republican party. It was continued until January 25th, 
 1861, when it was consolidated with the Advooaie at Belleville, and 
 its editor, Hawes, became the Associate Editor of the Advocate 
 and News Letter. 
 
 THE MASCOUTAH BANNER. 
 
 The Banner was issued in May, 1872. It made its appearance 
 monthly. It was a small folio, printed on a job press, in the office 
 of Frederick Dilg. It was edited and set up by W. D. Sheley, 
 J N. Periin, and Philip Leibroek. In May, 1873, Sheley and J. 
 H. G. Brinkerhofi" purchased the- outfit and good-will of the con- 
 cern, and purchased a press and printing materials of J. D. Moudy 
 of Richview, Illinois, and converted the Banner into a weekly 
 paper. They enlarged it to a 7-column Quarto. In July of the 
 same year, Mr. Brinkerhoff sold out his interest to Sheley and 
 Leroy W. Tree. They continued the paper until September, 
 1873, when Tree's interest was purchased by Henry Pabst. The 
 firm of Sheley and Pabst continued until November, 1874, when the 
 office and fixtures were sold to Messrs. Wassein and Binz. Mr. 
 Brinkerhofi" took charge as editor. In January, 1875, he pur- 
 chased the paper, and conducted it as editor and proprietor until 
 August of the same year, when the office was closed, and soon 
 after was sold to Frederick Dilg. 
 
 During the life of the Banner it purported to be an Independent 
 paper, but the editors and publishers being Democrats, occasionally 
 articles were written and published which had a slight Democratic 
 tone, that plainly told on which side of the political fence the 
 proprietors might be found. The paper was not a financial success, 
 owing, probably, to the fact, that none of the parties connected 
 with it were practical printers, or in any wise acquainted with the 
 business. 
 
 In 1869, Mr. Frederick Dilg, a practical printer, opened a job 
 office in Mascoutah, and did all kinds of job printing in both the 
 English and German languages. By close attention to his business 
 and doing good work, he soon established a reputation as a good- 
 printer. On the 7th of January, 1876, he enlarged his business, 
 and commenced the publication of the 
 
 MASCOUTAH ANZEIGER, 
 
 A German newspaper devoted to the business interests of the town. 
 It was then a four column folio. On the 7th of April, 1876, he 
 enlarged it to a five column, on the 1st of Dec. following to a six 
 
EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 107 
 
 column, and on the 27th of November, 1878, to an eight column 
 folio, which form it still retains. The office of the Anzeiger is ^vell 
 supplied with presses arid type of the latest designs and styles. 
 The paper is printed on a Hoe cylinder press. Mr. Dilg has de- 
 monstrated his ability to run a newspaper successfully, and make 
 it a welcome visitor to his patrons. 
 
 THE MASCOUTAH UMGEGEND 
 
 was the name of a small sheet published during the late war. It 
 had a brief existence. 
 
 THE MINER AND WOEKMAN's ADVOCATE. 
 
 In the spring of 1863, John Hinchcliffe, lately deceased, com- 
 menced the publication in Belleville, of a journal, bearing the above 
 name It was specially devoted to the interests of the miners, me- 
 chanics, and producing classes. It rose rapidly into public favor, 
 and soon had a large circulation. During the first year of its ex- 
 istence its circulation had become so large that it was found neces- 
 sary to work off the edition by other than ordinary methods. A 
 steam engine was fitted up in connection with the press room, which 
 by the way, was the first steam power press ever run in Southern 
 Illinois, and upon it the Miners and Workman's Advocate was 
 printed. The same press was used for a long time to print the 
 iffues of the Advocate, Democrat and Zeitung. The publication was 
 continued in Belleville until the latter part of 1866. when the office 
 was removed to St. Louis, and there continued for one year when 
 ■it was abandoned. Mr. Hinchcliffe was an able writer, and a man 
 pf great energy. 
 
 The first newspaper established in the City of East St. Louis, 
 then known as "Illinois Town," was the American Bottom Gazette, 
 spoken of in the beginning of this chapter. There was no paper 
 after its demise until 1865. On the 27th of May of that year 
 
 THE SUNDAY HEEALD 
 
 was established by James L. Faucett. It was issued on Saturday, 
 though named a Sunday paper. 
 
 The next venture was in 1866. The paper was named the 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS GAZETTE. 
 
 It was founded by Hon. John B. Biwman, one of East St. Louis' 
 most active and enterprising men. It was edited and published by 
 John Macauley and Joseph Crabb. The first issue, dated June 
 58th, 1866. Mr. Crabb remained in the firm until October 
 of the same year, when Louis Straub purchased .his interest. The 
 firm of Macauley & Straub continued until 1871. when both re- 
 tired, and the ownership of the paper vested in a stock company, 
 the directors of which, selected William O'Neil as editor and pub- 
 lisher. February 1st, 1873, John Macauley resumed the publica- 
 tion of the Ostzette, and continued until 1876, when John Haps 
 took charge, and continued manager until August 4th, 1877, when 
 he was succeeded by H. D. O'Brien, the present editor and pub- 
 lisher. 
 
 The Gazette started as an eight column folio, which orm it still 
 retains. In 1877 the 
 
 DAII-Y GAZETTE 
 
 was issued, but not proving sufficiently remunerative, for the labor 
 performed, it was abandoned. Under the management of Mr. 
 O'Brien the Gazette has become the equal of any other journal 
 published in St. Clair County. While Mr. O'Brien is not a prac- 
 tical printer, yet he knows all the details of a printing office. He 
 is possessed of much industry and indomitable energy, and has 
 achieved success where others would have made a flat failure. 
 
 THE PEOPLES GAZETTE. 
 
 The initial number of the above paper was issued July 18, 1871. 
 It was published under the auspices of the " People's Gazette As- 
 sociation," which was composed of the following named gentlemen, 
 who were the principal stockholders : Vital Jarrott, J. B. Loviug- 
 ston, Henry Schall, L. M. St. John, Marcus Finch, John 0. Butler, 
 M. Millard, Michael Darmody, Maurice Joyce, Ernest Wider, 
 John Macauley, Patrick H. Stack, and John Eddy. The Board 
 of Directors, were Vital Jarrott, Prest., Maurice Joyce, Vice-Prest., 
 Henry Schall, Treas., and Maurice Finch, Sec. The editorinl 
 duties were performed by the different stockholders until 1872, 
 when Mr. Saltiel became editor and publisher. The name was 
 changed to the 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS PEES3, 
 
 by W. B. Fairchild. who succeeded Mr. Saltiel. During the 
 winter of 1874-5 Mr. Smith edited the paper. In 1875 H. D. 
 O'Brien purchased the press and type of L. M. St. John, who had 
 become possessed of all the stock, and continued as editor and pub- 
 lisher until Feb. 29th, 1877, when the subscription lists wore 
 transferred to the Gazette. The type and presses were boxed np 
 and stored away in a building, where they remained until 1^78, 
 when the building, with others was consumed by fire, entailing a 
 lo.=s of nearly four thousand dollars, upon Mr. O'Brien. On the 
 2lst of Sept., 1874, was commenced the issue of the 
 
 DAILY PEESS, 
 
 which after a few months was abandoned. Mr. O'Brien then pub- 
 lished a tri-weekly paper, but it, too, was soon abandoned— neither 
 enterprise proving profitable. 
 
 The-next venture in journalism in East St. Lous was made by 
 Willis E. Finch & Brother. The name of the paper was the 
 
 ST. CLAIK TEIBUNE. 
 
 The first issue was Feb. 18th, 1875. It was Kepublican in politics,, 
 and had for its motto, "Republican, Protestant and Progressive." 
 The Finch Bros, continued the publication until January, 1878, 
 when they closed the office. A few months later the material was 
 purchased bv Messrs. Harney & Tissier, two enterprismg young 
 men of East St Louis. They opened the office, and on the 9di 
 of March, 1878, issued the first number of 
 
 THE EAST ST. LOUIS HEEALD, 
 
 a spicy and neatly printed newspaper, which they still continue. 
 When the Herald started, it was an eight column folio, which form it 
 retained until March 6, 1880, when it was changed to a five column 
 quarto The Herald advocates the principles of the Democratic 
 party. It is at present the official paper of the city of East St. 
 Louis. 
 
 THE NATIONAL STOCK YAED EEFOKTEK 
 
 was first issued in Nov. 1873, by Messrs. John Haps & Co 
 Three numbers were printed when it suspended, and recommenced 
 in March 1874. It rapidly increased in importance, and attained 
 a circulat'ion of over five thousand copies. It was in the height 
 of its prosperity, when an absurd ruling was made by the Post-office 
 Department, l^manding an exorbitant rate of postage for trans- 
 mission through the mails, in consequence of which it was com- 
 pelled to sus;end. In the fall of 1S80 it was revived but 
 L numbers were printed when it again suspended owing to he 
 fact that its place had been supplied by a similar publication cal..d 
 
108 
 
 EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 THE WESTERN LIVE-STOCK JOURNAL, 
 
 the first number of which was issued in July, 1879, by H. D. 
 O'Brien, publisher, and Y. M. Langdon, editor. These gentlemen 
 continued in partnership until July, 1880, when Langdon purchased 
 O'Brien's interest, and was sole proprietor of the Journal until Jan. 
 1st, 1881, when he sold out to S. J. E. Rawling, the present pro- 
 prietor and manager of the paper. It was a seven-column folio. 
 At present it is a five-column, same form. It has a circulation of 
 over four thousand copies, and has been a paying investment from 
 the start. The paper was printed in the Gazette oflice ; but at pre- 
 sent it is issued from Kellogg's in St. Louis. In 1876, H D. 
 O'Brien commenced the publication of the 
 
 ST. LOUIS RAILWAY WORLD, 
 
 a journal specially devoted to the interests of railway employees. 
 One year after its first issue he sold out to a similar publication in 
 St. Louis. 
 
 THE NATIONAL 
 
 was established in East St. Louis Aug. 9, 1878, by Archibald A. 
 Hamilton. Its object in the journalistic world was, as stated by 
 the editor, to improve the social, moral and pecuniary condition of 
 the working class. It was an advocate of financial reform and 
 Fiat theories. Mr. Hamilton was induced to start the paper with 
 promises that a stock company would be formed. The stock was 
 never subscribed, and the paper suspended. 
 
 THE FUTURE GREAT 
 
 was the name of an amateur paper published by Messrs. Sikking & 
 Jackiven. It had quite a run for a time. 
 
 DOT PAPER « 
 
 was a small sheet that was an attempted imitation of the Carl Pret- 
 zel style of journalism. It had a short existence. 
 
 ILLINOIS REPUBLIKANER, 
 
 a German newspaper, was organized and established in June of 
 1872, and the first copy issued July 1st of the same year. It was 
 published by a company composed of Russell Hinckley, Sebastian 
 Fietsam, Charles Stephani, Edward Rutz, Col. Thomas, and other 
 representative and leading Republicans of St. Clair county. Henry 
 Huhn was elected •President of the Board of Directors, and also 
 made business manager and editor. The paper was published until 
 May, 1873, when Mr. Fietsam bought up the stock, and soon after 
 purchased the Zeitang, and consolidated the Bepublikaner with it. 
 In January, 1873, Mr. Huhn, the editor of the last named paper, 
 severed his connection with it, which had much to do with hasten- 
 ing its dissolution. 
 
 DER TREUBUND 
 
 was a German publication devoted to the interests of the benevolent 
 society whose organ it was. Its first issue was Oct. 19, 1873, by 
 Messrs. Semmelroth & Co., and was edited by Dr. Newbert. It 
 was a seven-column folio paper. 
 
 In 1878 George C. Bunsen of West Belleville purchased a press 
 and printing material from the St. Louis type foundry, and com- 
 menced the publication of a paper called 
 
 THE REFORM. 
 
 It was devoted to the interests of the laboring classes, and advo- 
 cated the claims of the socialists and communists. It was printed 
 for four or five months, when the office was closed by the type 
 fiDundry, and the material taken, and soon after sold to L. W. 
 Habercom, who- started 
 
 DAS JOURNAL, 
 
 a German paper in Belleville. . After twenty issues was made it 
 was sold to the Zeitung. 
 
 NEW ATHENS ERA, 
 
 was an amateur paper started in New Athens, in the spring of 
 1875, by George Auerswald. In November of the same year, the 
 office was moved to Miscoutah, and from it was issued the 
 
 MASCOUTAH ENTERPRISE, 
 
 a seven-column folio. In June, 1876, Mr. Auerswald removed the 
 office to Belleville, and commenced the publication of the 
 
 BELEVILLE INDEPENDENT. 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1877, he issued the first number of the 
 
 DAILY INDEPENDENT. 
 
 Both publications were continued for several months later, when 
 they suspended. 
 
 DER STERN. 
 
 In 1877 some of the influential German Democrats of Belleville, 
 organized a stock company, known as the " Belleville Printing 
 Company," with a capital stock of S6000. The Directors the first 
 year were Hon. Gustavus A. Koerner, President; Franz F. Met- 
 schan. Secretary ; Henry A. Kircher, Treasurer ; Alonzo S. Wild- 
 man and Louis Pitthara. F. F. Metschan was elected Business 
 Manager, and Frederick E. Scheel, Editor. The officers for the 
 second year were the same except H. G. Weber took the place of 
 Henry A. Kircher. The first issue of the Slem was made October 
 28th, 1877. On the 11th of January, 1878, 
 
 DER DAILY STERN 
 
 was first issued. Both of the papers have continued to the present. 
 On the date last named, Mr. Scheel was succeeded by Henry Huhn, 
 the present able editor of the Stem. Mr. Huhn is a native of 
 Bavaria. He came to the United States in consequence of the 
 Republican uprising among the German people in 1849. He has 
 been connected with the German press of New York, Cincinnati, 
 and other plates. He served in the Union Army from 1861 to 
 1863. In the latter year he was local editor of the WestUehe Post. 
 In 1864 he re-entered the Union army. He established the 
 Washington Freie Presse, in Washington, Mo., and was a member 
 of the Legislature of that State in 1866. In 1868 he came to 
 Belleville, where he has spent much of his time in newspaper work. 
 Mr. Metschan is also a veteran printer, having been in the business 
 since 1852. He learned bis trade in Cincinnati, and came to 
 Belleville in 1860. He was a soldier of the late war, first in the 
 9th regiment Illinois volunteers, and then in the 12th Missouri 
 regiment, and was in command of Co. -'K" as first lieutenant when 
 mustered out of service. He was foreman for a number of years 
 in the office of the Belleville Zeitung. 
 
 The Stern, when organized, was fitted up with new type, steam 
 presses, and fully equipped to do all kinds of printing in both the 
 German and English languages. Under the management of these 
 gentlemen, the paper has become the leading German Democratic 
 paper in Southern Illinois. In the campaign of 1880 it rendered 
 conspicuous and valuable service in ably presenting the issues and 
 principles of the political organization of which it is the exponent 
 and defender. 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE REPUBLICAN 
 
 is the last candidate in Belleville for journalistic favors. It was 
 founded Feb. 28, 1879, by Dr. T. W. Eckert, who had for a number 
 of years been connected with the Journal in LebaiiOD. He coii- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 109 
 
 tinued the paper as sole editor and proprietor until July 4th of the 
 same year, when he sold a third interest to G F. Kimball, and a 
 third to S. C. Mace. ThS co-partnership of these gentlemen con- 
 tinued until Nov. 7, 1879, when it was dissolved, Eckert purchasing 
 the interests of the other partners. No change was made in the 
 proprietorship of the Republican until Feb. 14, 1881, when a half 
 interest was sold to li. B. Knight, a veteran typo, and a man of 
 much journalistic experience. When the Republican was first 
 established, it was a seven-column folio, which form it continued 
 until July 4, 1879, when it was changed to a six-column quarto.. 
 It is an advocate of Republican principles, and is recognized as 
 one of the potential organs of the seventeenth congressional district. 
 In the local news department, the Republican is unexcelled by any 
 other journal in St. Clair county. 
 
 THE MAEISSA MONITOR 
 
 was the first paper ever published in the thriving town of 
 Marissa. Its first issue dates January 1st, 1880. It is a five 
 column quarto. Republican in politics, but is not so radical as to be 
 unjust to others. John W. Wells was the projector, and is still 
 the proprietor and editor. The Monitor is the champion of the 
 common schools, and a general diffusion of knowledge among the 
 people. In the words of its editor it was started to make the 
 people happy, and its proprietor rich. As to the first we have 
 no doubt, but that it has succeeded far beyond its most sanguine 
 expectations, but as to the latter we have no means of obtai ning 
 definite information. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The history of the press of St. Clair county has been briefly 
 traced. There have been many newspaper enterprises organized 
 within its boundaries, and it would be strange if there had not been 
 some failures. Upon the whole, however, it has witnessed as few 
 failures as any other industry in the county. The influence and 
 character of the press have grown with the material wealth and 
 intelligence of those they have represented. The number of 
 newspaper enterprises organized and supported in the county 
 speaks well for the liberality of its citizens, and it further shows 
 the power and appreciation of printers' ink and editors' pen when 
 used for the intellectual advancement of the people and the 
 material wealth of the county. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 TSE COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 BY JAMES m'qUILKIN, COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 ) HE common schools of this county are at present 
 managed under that beneficent system of free 
 instruction provided for in our State Constitu- 
 tion which says, " The general assembly shall 
 provide a thorough and efficient system of free 
 schools, whereby all the children of this State 
 may receive a good common school educa- 
 tion." 
 
 ^» . The early history of education in the county 
 
 is involved in considerable obscurity, the official records in the 
 County Superihteiident's cffice, furnishing but little information 
 
 concerning it, and that not earlier than the year 1837. Tor a few 
 facts concerning the pioneer school work of the county we are 
 indebted to some of the old settlers still living, who gladly recounted 
 the doings of their schoolboy days. It is known that in early 
 times the Jesuits had schools among the Indians, who lived in this 
 section of the state, and whilst they sought to implant in the Red 
 Man's bosom a faith in a crucified Saviour, they also tried to train 
 his intellect to grasp something of the white man's learning and 
 the ways of civilized life. 
 
 More than a hundred years ago, the French settlers at Cahokia 
 had schools, but these were managed in connection with their 
 church afiairs. However, about the year 1836, three Sisters be- 
 longing to a Catholic Order arrived there from France, and opened 
 a school, which was sustained by subscription. Afterward private 
 schools were kept for sliort periods, all sustained by subscription ; 
 and among the teachers of these were Robinson, Dunn and Chap- 
 man. In later years the schools of Cahokia have been conducted 
 independent of state aid, being liberally provided for from a fund 
 derived from the rents of Cahokia Commons. 
 
 The early English settlers, being far separated from each other 
 did not enjoy any school privileges until about the year 1810, when 
 school-houses were erected at Shiloh, Turkey Hill, and one or two 
 other places. The school buildings of that early day were but 
 small as compared with the comfortable houses to be found in every 
 school district of the county to-day. 
 
 A brief description of the first school-house erected on Turkey 
 Hill will not be out of place here, and the accompanying cut will 
 help to give our readers an idea of the temples of learning — the 
 " Old Log" school-houses" — in which the pioneers of this section 
 were wont to woo the goddess of wisdom. The structure was a one 
 story log house, with clapboard roof and puncheon floor. It had 
 
 windows of greased paper to admit the light, a portion of a log 
 being left out on each side to make room for this substitute for 
 glass. A large-fire-place extended across the entire rear end of the 
 room, in which on cold days a roaring fire of logs piled high sent 
 out heat to warm the school-master's legs, who took good care to 
 have his seat in the warm corner of the room. The fine desks of 
 
 modern days had no place there ; hut slabs fastened up around the 
 sides of the house by pegs driven into the logs answered as writing 
 and ciphering tables, while puncheon benches served for seats.- 
 The pupils all faced the wall when studying, but ranged themselves 
 in a semi-circle in front of the fire-place when called out to recite.-- 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 In those primitive days, the varied apparatus to be found in 
 most of our school-houses at the present day had no place. No 
 maps graced the walls, neither did a globe or Webster's Unabridged 
 have a place on the teacher's desk, if desk there chanced to be- 
 No disagreeable chalk dust filled the room, for no blackboard was 
 used. The three R's — Reading, 'Kiting and 'Rithmetic — were the 
 principal studies, the writing being done with goose quills. There 
 are only two log school-houses in the county now, and they have 
 been so modernized, that a stranger visiting them would hardly 
 discover the fact. The writer commenced his career as a teacher 
 twenty-one years ago in an adjoining county in just such a school- 
 house as the one above described, the paper windows excepted, and 
 well does he remember how the hogs, quarreling beneath the floor, 
 would occasionally, and unceremoniously too, raise a portion of the 
 floor, and with their squealing, disturb the quiet of the school- room 
 and the serenity of the teacher. 
 
 The early schools of the county were subscription schools ; the 
 teachers generally boarding round from house to house among the 
 patrons of the school, and receiving their salary in money or pro- 
 duce. The school-houses being few and far between, it was no un- 
 common thing for the pupils to have to trudge three, four or even 
 five miles, morning and evening, to get a little schooling. The 
 teachers generally were poorly educated, if the stories told of them 
 are to be believed, and in many instances sadly needing to be taught 
 themselves. Most of them were proficient in wielding the rod, and 
 it is related of one by the name of Daily, that he would occasionally 
 get drunk during school hours, and vary the programme of exer- 
 cises by whipping the whole school, beginning on his own poor 
 boys first, by way of getting his hand in. In his sober hours 
 " book-keeping " was his hobby. 
 
 Among the first teachers of whom we have any knowledge, was 
 one Sinclair by name, who taught in Belleville, and also at Turkey 
 Hill, about the year ] 815. It is related of him that, being locked 
 out of the school by the boys, who demanded a Christmas treat, he 
 refused to treat and amused himself by marching around the school- 
 house, every morning, for nearly a week with an old sword strapped 
 to his waist and an old musket on his shoulder, threatening dire 
 destruction to the boys within. The boys " held the fort," and in 
 the teacher's absence, occasionally sent out one of the number for 
 supplies of food. At the end of the week Sinclair, having enjoyed 
 the fun to his satisfaction, gracefully yielded, and stood treat to 
 apples apd cakes. 
 
 Another teacher at the same school and on a similar occasion, 
 thought to get ahead of the boys and gain an entrance to the school 
 by mounting the roof and tearing off" the clap-boards. The boys, 
 however, were too smart for him. They smoked him down, and 
 got the treat for their smartness. 
 
 In 1823, Elihu Shepard of New York settled in this county, and 
 taught school at Turkey Hill and Belleville. He was well edu- 
 cated, and of a kind and genial nature. He won the esteem of his 
 pupils, which he retained through the rest of his life. He removed 
 to St. Louis at the age of sixty years, and investing his savings 
 in some real estate, became a millionaire by its rapid rise in value. 
 He did much for the advancement of education during his stay in 
 this county. 
 
 The venerable Wm. McClintock, of Belleville, in 1824, taught a 
 school a few miles south of Belleville, but he abruptly terminated 
 his engagement there the day before Christmas, owing to the 
 boisterous conduct of the boys, wlio demanded a treat, some want- 
 ing a gallon of whisky, and others candy and nuts. 
 
 About the year 1824, a Mr. Gallop taught school in Belleville, 
 and afterward at several other places near by. lie was a married 
 
 man, and received his tuition fees in whatever the people had to 
 give him, taking chickens, ducks, colts and calves for his labors as 
 school-master. Often he would leave a monitor to look after the 
 school while he fed and curried the colts. As his name indicates 
 he was too fast to stay long in one place. Loud studying was the« 
 order of his school-room, and in spelling matches, which were fre- 
 quent, the pupils yelled out the words at the top of their voices. 
 
 During the winter of 1810 and 1811, a school was taught at the 
 house of William Adams, about a mile west of Shiloh, by a Mr. 
 Deihmick, a surveyor by profession. 
 
 About the year 1820, Mr. Gallop, who taught iu various parts of 
 the county, opened a school at what was known as the Kinney 
 place. He also officiated at Shiloh for a term, and in 1824, at 
 Union church, near the present town of Centreville. 
 
 The first school-house at Shiloh was built about the year 1811. 
 It was a log structure, similar in all respscts to the one already de- 
 scribed. Among the first of its pupils was Mr. Felix Scott, now a 
 resident of Belleville, Illinois. 
 
 In 1808, John Bradsby taught a school on Turkey Hill, a little 
 north of what is now the north line of Richland Precinct. No 
 school was kept in that neighborhood from that time till 1815, 
 when Mr. Sinclair, before mentioned, commenced his school in the 
 log building referred to. About the year 1815, John Boucher 
 taught a school in an old house on the Silver Creek, in the Fay- 
 etteville precinct. This school was sustained by subscription. To 
 admit additional light to the school-room on dark days, the roof was 
 so arranged that a portion of it could be raised as a trap door. 
 
 In the New Athens precinct, Mr. William Baumann, one of the 
 early German settlers, to provide his own children with a little 
 schooling, opened a school in his own house, and imparted instruc- 
 tion to his own and a few of his neighbors' children. 
 
 In the same precinct, Mr. Isaac Hill taught a school of about 
 thirty pupils in the year- 1831. The school-house was located on 
 section thirty-four, about two miles south-east of New Athens. Con- 
 trary to the usual custom, Mr. Hill did not have to board round, 
 but had a comfortable home at the residence of Philip Lively. In 
 the same precinct, on Mud Creek, a Mrs. Martha Wilson taught 
 school in 1836, in a log school-house, which was furnished with one 
 long window, of five panes of gla?s, instead of greased paper, 
 as many of the early log school-houses were. 
 
 In the Ridge Prairie precinct, as early as 1830, there was a log 
 school-house located on the sixteenth section, at which Mr. James 
 H. Lemen taught. Afterward Susan F. Connor, a Boston lady, 
 who had been induced to come west by Rev. John M. Peck, taught 
 at the same place. She brought with her quite a collection of 
 school apparatus, with which to assist her in her work, consisting 
 of maps, charts, a tellurian, numeral frame, etc. All these things 
 were novelties to the pupils and patrons of the school, for no other 
 school had any thing of the kind. 
 
 Schools were also kept about 1830, at the Old Bethel and Old 
 Vernon Baptist churches, located in the same precinct. 
 
 In 1804, John Messenger taught surveying, and also kept a night 
 school near Shiloh. He afterwards became Professor of Mathe- 
 matics at the Rock Spring Seminary. 
 
 About 1830. the only school in Lebanon was taught by Dr. 
 Casad. 
 
 Among the active workers in the cause of education, between 
 1830 and 1840, were Rev. Mr. Brooks, C. G. Y. Taylor, and Henry 
 Holbrook. 
 
 Eminent among the early teachers of this county was John H. 
 Dennis, a Virginian by birth, who came to Belleville in 1824. He 
 taught private and public schools in Belleville and vicinity for more 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 111 
 
 than thirty years, and held the office of County Superintendent of 
 Schools for four years. lie was a ripe scholar and a successful 
 teacher. He died in Belleville in 1869. George Bunsen,a devoted 
 disciple of Pestalozzi, who came to this country from Germany in 
 the early days of free school education, gave his energies to the ad- 
 vancement of the Free School idea, and the development of better 
 methods of teaching. He taught at Cherry Grove, and afterwards 
 opened a private training school in Belleville, teaching on Satur- 
 days, in order to give the teachers of Belleville and vicinity an op- 
 portunity of observing and learning his method of teaching. He 
 ■was a favorite with old and young. Teaching was his life-work, 
 and anything that had for its object the elevation of the human in- 
 tellect had his hearty support. He held the position of School Di- 
 rector in Belleville for many years, and most of the time was pres- 
 ident of the Board, and ex-officio superintendent of the county 
 schools. He was a member of the State Board of Education, and 
 County School Commiss^ioner from 1855 to 1859. He died in 1872. 
 The first school-house in St. Clair precinct was built in 1831, by 
 Isaac Kainey, A. P. Free, Richard Beasley, and a few others. 
 Its first teacher was John Campbell, who was an ardent wielder of 
 the rod, but it was the fi.shing'-rod. Every day at noon, during 
 pleasant weather, he took his whole school down to the creek, near 
 by to indulge iu his favorite pastime of fishing. His compensa- 
 tion was $2.50 per scholar for three months. James Halliday af- 
 terward taught there, and refusing to treat at Christmas time, was 
 bound by the boys and dragged down to the creek for a ducking. 
 When about to be pitched into the water, he wilted and gave the 
 treat. 
 
 The first school-house in Richland precinct was built about the 
 year 1830. There were several private schools taught in private 
 houses previous to that time. John M. Scott, at present one of the 
 Supreme Judges of Illinois, taught in the Shiloh precinct in 1 844. 
 One of the most noted of the early educational institutions of the 
 county was the Eock Spring Seminary, established by Rev. 
 John M. Peck, D. D., in the year 1827, and located about three 
 miles north-east of Shiluh. In 1831, the school was closed 
 and removed to Upper Alton, and from it grew the well-known 
 Shurtleflf College of that city. It commenced with twenty- 
 five students, which number in a few weeks increased to one 
 hundred. The first principal of the institution was Rev. Joshua 
 Bradley, A. M., and he was assisted by Rev. John M. Peck, D. D., 
 Professor of Theology, and John Messenger, Professor of Mathe- 
 matics, etc. Among the students were Hon. Ninian W. Edwards 
 of Springfield, Ills, Col. Jas. L. D. Morrison of St. Louis, Col. 
 John Thomas, Wm. H. Stewart, and the late Wm. S. Thomas of 
 Belleville. McKendree College at Lebanon, the Howe Institute 
 at East St. Louis, and the Academy of the Immaculate Conception 
 at Belleville, have each done much to advance education in this 
 county, and sketches of these institutions will appearin this work in 
 their appropriate places. 
 
 The Belleville Kindergarten, organized by an association of la- 
 dies, of which Mrs. Matilda Raab is secretary, has been doing good 
 work for "the little ones," since its incorporation in 1874. It has 
 real estate valued at $4500, and apparatus worth $300. During 
 1880, it had two teachers, enrolled 115 pupils, and maintained 
 school 46 weeks. 
 
 The first school districts ever organized in the county were es- 
 tablished by the county commissioners' court, at the June terra, 
 1825, as appears from the record of that date, which is signed by 
 John Stuntz, Abel Fike and William Rutherford, " Esquires, 
 County Commissioners." These districts were Cherry Grove, 
 Union Grove, Turkey Hill, Sugar Creek, Ogle Creek and Mount 
 
 Pleasant. They are still in existence, though their boundary lines 
 have been somewhat changed as the townships in which they are 
 located became more thickly settled. They were laid out by the 
 Court on "petition of several families praying for school privileges 
 according to law." This law, the first school law of the state, was 
 enacted January 15, 1825, and had the following preamble, which 
 shows the estimate placed on general education by the early law- 
 makers of the state : 
 
 " To enjoy our rights and liberties we must understand them ; 
 their security and protection ought to be the first object of a free^ 
 people ; and it is a well-established fact that no nation has ever 
 continued long in the enjoyment of civil and political freedom, 
 which was not both virtuous and enlightened ; and believing that 
 the advancement of literature always has been, and ever will be, 
 the means of developing more fully the rights of man, that the 
 miud of every citizen in a republic is the common property of 
 society, and constitutes the basis of its strength and happiness; it 
 is therefore considered the peculiar duty of a free government like 
 ours to encourage and extend the improvement and cultivation of 
 the intellectual energies of the whole ; therefore, a common school 
 or schools shall be established in each county of this state." 
 
 The districts before mentioned were governed by three trustees 
 who examined and employed the teachers, who received their salary 
 " in cash or good merchantable produce" from the citizens of the dis- 
 trict who had given their consent to support the school, which was 
 " first had and obtained in writing." No one could be taxed to sup- 
 port the school without his consent. White children alone were 
 permitted to attend. The teachers got but little cash for their 
 salaries, often having to take the produce, which they disposed of 
 as they could. Times have changed since then. Now all are 
 taxed to support the schools of the people ; black and white 
 children alike enjoy the benefits of the free schools, and the 
 teachers draw their pay monthly in hard cash, or greenbacks. 
 
 As the county became settled school districts multiplied, and 
 school-houses began to dot the prairies like islands in the sea, 
 until in 1855, a new school law, with its liberal provisions for 
 education, gave a new impetus to the schools, and the citizens of 
 the county, always strongly iu favor of free education, took hold 
 in earnest, and many new districts were organized and new school- ■ 
 houses erected. 
 
 The early school funds received from the state were in State 
 Bank paper, which had to be disposed of by the recipients of it at 
 a considerable discount. The sum of $120.30 in this paper was 
 disposed of by the trustees of Tp. 1 N., 7 W-, for $50 in 1»42. The 
 first record of funds received from the state was made by Sylvester 
 Merrills, school commissioner, January, 1837, showing that he re- 
 ceived $829.26, at Vandalia, being the quota of St. Clair county 
 for the years 1831, 1835 and 1836. 
 
 In 1840 the school fund received from the state was only 
 $1,422.31, in 1860 $13,330.09, and in 1880 it had increased to 
 $21,085.88. The amount of special district taxes collected in 1860 
 for the support of the schools was $21,244.59, and iu 1880 about 
 six times that amount— $127,704.98. In 1860 the total amount 
 expended for all school purposes was $40,596.80, and in 1880 it 
 was $161,298.60. In 1840 the number of persons entitled to school 
 privileges was 7,292, in 1860 it was 11,235, and in 1880 21,421, 
 showing the steady and rapid growth of the population of the 
 county. In 1860 the number of districts was 85 and the number 
 of school-houses 81, which in 1880 had increased to 116 districts, 
 with 138 school-houses ; and in the latter year the estimated value 
 of the school-houses and grounds held by the diflTerent districts 
 aggregated the large sum of $282,923.00. There were 138 teachers 
 
112 
 
 EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 employed in 1860, and on the 1st of January, 1880, the teachers of 
 the county numbered 237, being 126 males and 111 females. Sepa- 
 rate schools for colored children are maintained at Brooklyn, East 
 St. Louis, East Carondelet and Ogle Creek. There are only two 
 colored teachers at present employed in the free schools of the 
 county, one at Brooklyn and one at East St. Louis. 
 
 The schools of Belleville, East St. Louis, Mascoutah and Leba- 
 non are managed by boards of education, consisting of six members, 
 excepting Belleville, which has a board of nine members. All of 
 the other districts are controlled by boards of directors consisting 
 of three members. The whole number of district school offi- 
 cers is 363. 
 
 There are twenty-one townships, seventeen of which are whole 
 ones and four are fractional. Their affairs are managed by Boards 
 of Trustees, consisting of three members and a secretary, who is ex- 
 officio treasurer of the township. The treasurers are elected for 
 two years. Those now in office are as follows, and their terms will 
 expire April, 1882 : 
 
 T. 1 N. R. 6 W. Christopher Lischer, Mascoutah. 
 
 " " " " 7 " Jacob S. Phelps, Shiloh. 
 
 " " " " 8 " Charles Lind, Belleville. 
 
 " " " " 9 " Walter Eyman, .....Belleville. 
 
 " " " " 10 " Jacob Yung, Columbia. 
 
 " 2 " " 6 « H.H.Horner, Lebanon. 
 
 " " " " 7 " Ernst Tiedemann, O'Fallon. 
 
 " " " " 8 " Wm. E. Begole, Eidge Prairie. 
 
 " " " " 9 " Kicholas Boul, French Village. 
 
 " " " " 10 " Louis Boismenue, East St. Louia. 
 
 " 1 S. " 6 " Charles Karch Fayetteville. 
 
 " " " " 7 " Henry Hoffmann, Freeburg. 
 
 " '' 8 " Henry Keim, Smithlon. 
 
 " " " " 9 " JohnF. Breidecker, Millstadt. 
 
 •' " " " 10 " Christian Breidecker, Columbia. 
 
 " 2 " " 6 " C.D.Hausmann St. Libory. 
 
 " " " " 7 " Joseph Flach, New Athens. 
 
 " " " " 8 '■ Louis G. Miller Hecker. 
 
 " " " " 9 " Zaccheus J. Voris, Waterloo. 
 
 " 3 " " 6 " John W^ Wells, Marissa. 
 
 " " " 7 " Henry Knewitz, New Athens. 
 
 Township 1 N., R. 7 W., Shiloh, has had but few changes in its 
 treasurers. Dr. Anton Schott, who died in 1870, held the office of 
 treasurer in that township for twenty-four successive years. This 
 township also has the largest township fund in the county, amount- 
 ing to $11,073.59, which it realized from the sale of the original 
 sixteenth section. There are at present no school lands held by the 
 townships, except a small piece of about three or four acres in Town- 
 ship 1 S., R. 7 W., Freeburg, on which there are a few graves. 
 The largest amount, disbursed by any treasurer in 1880, was 
 143,390.50 by Treasurer Lind of Belleville, and the next largest, 
 $31,121.65, by Treasurer Boismenue of East St. Louis. The first 
 chief school officer of the county, so far as can be ascertained from 
 the official records, was William Moore, who was appointed De- 
 cember 3d, 1833, by the county commissioners to the office of com- 
 missioner and agent for the school fund of the county of St Clair. 
 He held the position one year, and was succeeded December 15th, 
 1834, by Sylvester Merrills, who filled the office till 1843. Mr. 
 Merrills was a man of considerable ability, and filled several other 
 offices in the county. He was of a genial temperament, and had a 
 speck of fun in his nature, as will be seen from the following entry 
 made by him on a fly leaf of a copy of the Illinois Statutes of 1840, 
 now in the county superintendent's office : 
 
 " Taken without liberty from the county clerk's office, June 16, 
 1840, and found the wisdom of the Illinois Legislature herein 
 mentioned. S. Merrills." 
 
 Smyth Moore succeeded him, and filled the office from 1843 to 
 1847, when George C. Hart came into office, and in December 
 1849 was followed by David McFarland, who held the office 
 of county commissioner of schools for four years. Joseph 
 Hypes took charge of the office in 1853, George Buusen in 
 1855, John H. Dennis in 1850, and Elihu J. Palmer in 
 1863. Augustus Whiting was elected school commissioner in 
 1865, for four years, but resigned the position in June, 1867, when 
 by appointment of the county court Hon. James B. Slade assumed 
 the duties of the office. He held the office till December, 1873, 
 when John B. Gwillim was chosen to succeed him. Upon the 
 death of Mr. Gwillim, Mr. Slade was again placed in the county 
 superintendent's office by the county board, which occurred February 
 5, 1875. Mr. Slade continued in the office till December 4ih, 1878, 
 when he tendered his resignation previous to assuming the duties 
 of state superintendent of public instruction, to which office he had 
 been elected a mouth previous. The writer, James McQuilkin, by 
 appointment of the county board, assumed the duties of county su- 
 perintendent for one year, and in November, 1879, was elected by 
 the people to fill the unexpired term, closing in December, 1881. 
 
 The following table shows the superintendents with their time of 
 official service, and date of first appointment or election : 
 
 1833 to 1834, William Moore, one year. 
 
 1834 to 1843, Sylve.ster Merrills, nine years. 
 
 1843 to 1847, Smyth Moore, three years. 
 
 1847 to 1849, George C. Hart, two years. 
 
 1849 to 1853, David McFarland, four years. 
 
 1853 to 1855 Joseph Hypes, two years. 
 
 1855 to 1859, George Bunsen, four years. 
 
 1859 to 1863 .John H.Dennis, four years. 
 
 1863 to 1865, Elihu J. Palmer, two years. 
 
 1865 to June 1867, Augustus Whiiin5, one and a half years. 
 
 June 1867 to 1873 James P. Slade, six and a half years. 
 
 1873 to Feb. 1875, John B. Gwillim, two and one-sixth years 
 
 Feb. 1875 to 1878 James P. Slade, two and five-sixth years. 
 
 1878 to James McQuilkin, 
 
 The first superintendents, or rather school commissioners as they 
 were styled, examined and paid the teachers; being custodians of all 
 school funds, and keeping separate accounts with each township. 
 When the school law of 1855 went into force, their duties were ma- 
 terially changed, and they were required to visit and inspect all 
 schools at least once a year. From 1873, to July 1, 1879, there 
 were no official visitations of schools by the superintendent for the 
 purpose of inspection, the law of 1872 having left it optional with 
 county boards whether this work should be done or not. Durincr 
 this time the superintendent's duties were principally confined to 
 office work, one hundred days being allowed him for that purpose. 
 In June, 1879, the county board increased this time to two hundred 
 and fifty days, and directed the superintendent to visit the schools 
 as the law directs. During the present scholastic year every one 
 of the 237 schools in the county has been visited once, and some of 
 them twice, averaging about three hours to each visit, and the dis- 
 tance travelled by the superintendent was about 1200 miles. 
 
 The Superintendent is custodian of the county school fund, which 
 is a permanent one, amounting to $1,325, only the interest of which 
 is used for school-purposes. Another source of revenue to the 
 school fund is derived from the fines and forfeitures imposed in the 
 courts and by justices of the peace for violations of statute laws. 
 The amount received from this source in 1880 was $3,461.82." 
 The records of examinations of teachers present but little of inter- 
 est. The superintendents prior to 1859 have left no records in the 
 office of their work in this direction. The superintendents since 
 that time have kept records of examinations, and occasionally wrote 
 
EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 113 
 
 out a remark or observation opposite a teacher's name. The fol- 
 lowing extracts will show how some of the superintendents felt 
 with regard to those to whom they issued certificates : " Tolerable. 
 I fear his sobriety;" "Very good for so young a man" (age 20); 
 " Pretty good for a youth " (age 18). 
 
 From September 16, 1863, to August 20, 1864— war times— all 
 teachers in this county to whom jcertificates were granted, had to 
 take an " oath of allegiance." Andrew J. Hendon, age twenty-nine, 
 and Miss Sarah E. Collins, age twenty-three, were the first teachers 
 to go through this ceremony, and the last one to do so was Miss 
 Cordelia Critchlow, age seventeen. Of the one hundred and twenty- 
 six male teachers now employed in the county, only ten are under 
 twenty-one years of age, and of the one hundred and eleven females, 
 only six are under eighteen. During war times many of the teach- 
 ers of the county oifered their services to their country, so that it 
 was a difiicult matter to supply a sufficient number of efiicient 
 teachers to carry on the schools. Since that time, the organization 
 of the two state normal schools and numerous private training 
 schools in various parts of the state have afforded to young men 
 and women desiring to enter the teacher's profession, an opportunity 
 of fitting themselves for the better discharge of the arduous 
 and responsible duties oi the school-room, and to-day the teach- 
 ers of St. Clair as a body are not surpassed by those of any other 
 county ; three of them, Messrs. Charles A. Singletary, George F. 
 Kenower, and Erail Dapprich hold state certificates. In addition 
 to these three, ninety-six teachers hold first grade certificates, and 
 one hundred and thirty-eight hold certificates of the second grade. 
 An examination for state certificates, conducted by the county 
 superintendent by authority of the state department, was held at 
 Belleville in August, 1880. 
 
 The institute work of the county commenced in the year 1859 
 under the superintendency of George Bunsen. On the 4th of April 
 of that year, in pursuance of a call issued by the leading teachers 
 of the county, eighty-three teachers assembled at Belleville, and 
 organized the first " St. Clair County Teachers' Institute," declaring 
 in the first article of their constitution, that their object was "the 
 advancement of education and the mutual improvement of teachers." 
 Mr. George Bunsen, school commissioner, was chosen president of 
 the institute, and Mr. E. Bigelow of Lebanon, secretary. Of the 
 teachers who were members of that institute, only four are now 
 teaching in this county, namely, Henry Raab, Clarence J. Lemen, 
 and Mrs. Mary E. Thwing of Belleville, and Peter J. C. Marion of 
 Cahokia. Hon. James P. Slade, present state superintendent, was 
 also a member of the institute, and took an active part in its pro- 
 ceedings. Institutes were also held in April, 1862 and 1863, du- 
 ring the superintendency of John H. Dennis; in April, 1864, under 
 the administration of Elihu J Palmer; and in 1868, 1869, 1870, 
 1871, 1872, 1»73 and 1876, during the superintendency of Hon. J. 
 P. Blade. In the institute of 1871 the largest number of teachers 
 was enrolled, being one hundred and sixty-eight In July, 1880, 
 a two weeks' institute was held by the present superijitendent, and 
 one hundred teachers were enrolled. The exercises at all the insti- 
 tutes held were of special benefit to teachers, and designed to aid 
 them in more efficiently discharging their responsible duties. They 
 embraced lectures on theory and art of teaching, class-exercises and 
 discussions of methods of teaching, interspersed with music, essays 
 and original poems. In March, 1879, the leading teachers of the 
 county, feeling the need of a closer union among themselves, organ- 
 ized the "St. Clair County Teachers' Association," which holds 
 regular quarterly meetings. Its membership is about one hundred, 
 and it is steadily increasing. Its first president was John H. G. 
 Brinkerhoff of Lebanon, and its second George F. Kenower of 
 
 15 
 
 Mascoutah. The association has an historical committee, who are 
 engaged in compiling a history of the pioneer school-work of the 
 county ; a library committee, who are securing a library for teach- 
 ers, and a publication committee, whose business it is to maintain 
 an educational column in one or more of the county newspapers. 
 
 The North St. Clair Teachers' Institute, composed of teachers 
 employed on the north side of the county, was organized at O'Fal- 
 lon in December, 1879. Its meetings are held monthly. 
 
 The South St. Clair Teachers' Institute was organized at Marissa 
 January, 1880, and during the remaining months of that school 
 year it held regular monthly meetings. 
 
 The Belleville teachers for many years have met regularly on 
 the third Saturday of each school month for their mutual improve- 
 ment. 
 
 Various other local institutes and teachers' meetings have been 
 organized in the years gone by, but after short leases of life they 
 have ceased to exist, as the leading spirits who conducted them left 
 for new fields of labor. 
 
 The schools of the county for a number of years past have par- 
 ticipated in the comparative examinations annually held under the 
 auspices of the State Teachers' Association. The manuscript work 
 of 1880, after being examined and arranged by the County Super- 
 intendent, was neatly bound in two volumes and exhibited at the 
 State Fair at Springfield and County Fair at Belleville, and received 
 favorable mention at the hands of Hon. James P. Slade, State Su- 
 perintendent of Public Instruction. Concerning the Comparative 
 Examination work of the county, under date of March 14, 1881, 
 State Superintendent James P. Slade writes as follows : " I believe 
 the schools of St. Clair county have been benefited by these exami- 
 nations, and they have done work that compares favorably with 
 that done by the schools of other counties. This is the testimony 
 of the committee having charge of these examinations. By refer- 
 ence to the report of the chairman of the committee. Prof. S. H. 
 White, of Peoria, (see page 272 of the Biennial' Report of this 
 Department for 1879-80), you will notice that St. Clair county con- 
 tributed more volumes of school work to represent the schools of 
 Illinois at the Paris Exposition than any other county in the State ; 
 for, while the committee took work from only seven counties and 
 but fifty-six volumes in all, fourteen of these volumes were the work 
 of the schools of St. Clair county." 
 
 Almost every school-house in the county has been " christened," 
 so to speak, and is known by its own name, as well as by its dis- 
 trict number. The lamented Lincoln has had his name bestowed 
 on the West Belleville school ; Washington, the Father of his 
 Country, the philosopher Franklin, and George Bunsen, who did so 
 much to elevate the city schools, have all been remembered by 
 Belleville. The " Douglas " school at East St. Louis, on famous 
 Bloody Island, calls to mind the Little Giant among statesmen, 
 Stephen A. Douglas. " Cherry Grove," " Union Grove," " Turkey 
 Hill," and " Ogle Creek " still retain the names given them iu 
 1825. 
 
 The " Valley" school, north-east of Summerfield, appears to be 
 on a little elevation, and the valley is hard to find. The " Broad 
 Hollow " school, south-east of Georgetown, does not seem to be in a 
 hollow at all. " Point Lookout," on a ridge south-east of Freeburg, 
 is high and dry enough. " Drum Hill " school, near Fayetteville, 
 was so named on account of Case, the drummer of a rifle company 
 of early times, having settled there and with his drum occasionally 
 made " music in the air. ' The ' Emerald Mound " school, north- 
 east of Lebanon, and the " Sugar Loaf ^' school, south east of Eas^t 
 Carondelet, were so named after large mounds near by, supposed to 
 be the work of that mysterious race, the Mound Builders. 
 
114 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The various towns of the county have graded their schools into 
 two or more grades, and almost all of them have good, substantial 
 school buildings. 
 
 Summerfield employs four teachers, Charles O. Hodgdon, Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 O'Fallon, four teachers, Mrs. P. C, Capen, Principal. 
 
 Caseyville, three teachers, James S. Edwards, Jr rincipal. 
 
 Brooklyn, two teachers, Hubbard M. Wilson, Principal. 
 
 French Village, two teachers, Samuel E. Pershall, Principal. 
 
 Millstadt, four teachers, Geo. W. Kraft, Principal. 
 
 Smithton (Georgetown), two teachers, Philip Brandenburger 
 Principal. 
 
 Freeburg, four teachers, Wm. A. Reis, Principal. 
 
 New Athens, two teachers, Chas. Gramlich, Principal. 
 
 Marissa, three teachers, Laura Varner, Principal. 
 
 Shiloh, two teachers, J. F. Quick, Principal. 
 
 Alma (Ridge Prairie), two teachers, Charles A. Thompson, Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 The following towns have each only one teacher, Floraville, Pa- 
 derborn, Fayetteville, Lenzburg, Darmstadt, St. Libory and East 
 Carondelet. 
 
 The school building at Alma, a two-story frame, was entirely de- 
 stroyed by fire on the night of February 21, 1881. The Douglas 
 school, at East St. Louis, and the Lebanoq public school building 
 were both destroyed by fire a few years ago, and the citizens, with 
 a generous liberality, speedily replaced them with handsome and 
 commodious structures. 
 
 Mascoutah has a commodious two-story brick school building, 
 contaioing eight large school-rooms and a recitation room for the 
 use of the principal's assistant. Nine teachers are employed and 
 about 500 pupils are enrolled. Mr. Charles Cannady is the prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 Lebanon has a three story building, the two stories being divided 
 off into eight school-rooms, with convenient hat and cloak rooms 
 attached. Eight teachers are employed and about 450 pupils are 
 enrolled. Mr. John H. G. Brinkerhoff is ihe principal. 
 
 East St. Louis is composed of two school districts, the Douglas 
 school being in District No. 2, and the Upper, Middle, Franklin, 
 Broadway and Eighth street schools, as also the colored school, be- 
 ing in District No. 1. Thirty teachers are employed, and about 
 1500 pupils are enrolled. The Upper, Middle, Eighth street, 
 Broadway and Colored schools are kept in rented quarters, but the 
 others are the property of the districts in which they are located. 
 
 Belleville and West Belleville are both in the same school dis- 
 trict. There are four school buildings, all owned by the district, 
 namely, the Lincoln, containing Six rooms ; the Bunsen, containing 
 eight rooms ; the Washington, containing ten rooms, and the Frank- 
 lin, containing eighteen rooms. Forty teachers are employed, and a 
 superintendent. Mr. Henry Raab, who has bepn connected with the 
 schools of the city for about twenty-five years, has ably filled the 
 position of superintendent for the last seven years. About 2000 
 pupils are enrolled. The course of study runs through eight grades, 
 providing for eight years of work. The study of the German lan- 
 guage runs through all the grades, and is participated in by a very 
 large percentage of the pupils. The schools owe their excellence 
 to the untiring efforts of the late George Bunsen, and since his 
 death to the able management of the present superintendent, aided 
 by a corps of enthusiastic tea:chers, and sustained by a community 
 who take a deep interest in free schools. These schools took a 
 number of premiums at the State Fair of 1880 for educational work, 
 and among them the second premium for sweepstakes. The Bun- 
 sen school building, completed in 1879, at a cost of about $10,000, 
 
 is an ornament to the city. It was opened for use September 8th, 
 1879, and its first principal was James Campbell. It is heated with 
 steam, and is well arranged for school purposes, being well lighted 
 and ventilated, and having commodious class rooms with hat and 
 cloak rooms attached. 
 
 In the year 1821 the Belleville Academy Association was in- 
 corporated by act of the Legislature. The building, a frame struc- 
 ture, was located about where the German Methodist church now 
 stands. Its object was to furnish young men with a higher educa- 
 tion. William Turner was among the first instructors. He was 
 a cultured man and a lover of the writings of Shakespeare, which 
 he read with all the eloquence and grace of an actor. His previous 
 history he kept to himself, but his love for Shakespeare led many 
 to suppose that he had been formerly connected with the stage. 
 
 In 1823 there was a log school house located where the English 
 M. E. Church now stands, in which Wm. Gallop taught. 
 
 About 1824 or 25, John H. Dennis had a school in the Mitchell 
 building where the West block now stands. Mr. Dennis' school 
 was called the " Aristocratic " school, owing to the fact that the 
 children of wealthy families from St. Louis and other places at- 
 tended it, as Mr. Dennis was a proficient teacher of the languages. 
 
 In later years schools were kept in the Odd Fellows' Hall, the 
 present Hinckley House. Here a Mr Edwards and John F. Parks 
 taught with success. Schools were also kept in the basement of the 
 old Presbyterian church, now the City Hall, in the Advocate build- 
 ing, and several other places, till at last it was decided to erect the 
 Washington building, and a few years later the Franklin, so that 
 to-day, the public schools of Belleville are all maintained in pro- 
 perty owned and controlled by the school district, through its 
 Board of Education, Dr. James L. Ferryman, Dr. George Loelkes, 
 John Lorenzen, A. C. Hucke, John Weber, Louis Bartel, Henry 
 A. Kircher, Hermann G. Weber, and Hermann Burckhardt. 
 
 The following statistics taken from the County Superintendent's 
 report for the year ending June 30, 1880, will no doubt be read 
 with interest : 
 
 Male persons under 21 years of age, 15,956. 
 
 Fetaales, 15,639. 
 
 Total, 31,595. 
 
 Males between 6 and 21, 10,736. 
 
 Females, 10,685. 
 
 Total, 21.421. 
 
 School districts, 116. 
 
 Graded schools, 26. 
 
 Ungraded schools, no. 
 
 Average number of months schools were in session, 8.08. 
 
 Total enrolment of pupils, 11,476. 
 
 M:ile teachers, 134. 
 
 Female, 104. 
 
 School-houses built during the year, 3. 
 
 Whole number of school-houses, 138. 
 
 Volumes in district libraries, 938. 
 
 I'upils in private schools, 1460. 
 
 Private schools, £2. 
 
 Principal of township fund, J65,803.32. 
 
 Highest monthly wages paid any male teaclier, $125. 
 
 female " $70, 
 
 Lowest to any male teacher, $25. 
 
 " " female " $22. 
 
 Amount of district tax levy, |130,258.78. 
 
 Estimated value of school property, $282,923.00. 
 
 Total receipts from all sources, $229,205.52. 
 
 Total expenditures, $161,298.60. 
 
 Salaries of teachers, $100,121.45. 
 
 Paid for new school-houses, $4,831.98. 
 
 Paid for repairs and improvements, $7,209.56. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 115 
 
 Paid for school furniture, $3,011.07. 
 
 Paid for apparatus, $529.57. 
 
 Paid for fuel and incidentals, 1(11,761.67. 
 
 The statistics of illiteracy show 48 persons betweea 6 and 21 
 years of age unable to read and write, of which 29 cases were by 
 neglect of parents. The schools of St. Clair county have taken a 
 high rank among the schools of the state. Efficient management 
 on the part of the various superintendents, especially by Hon. 
 James P. Slade, who occupied the office longer than any other, has 
 led to this, as well as being sustained and fostered by a population 
 stAjngly imbued with the sentiment that the safety of the country 
 lies in the education of the masses. Before closing this chapter, 
 we desire to return thanks to those who have kindly aided us with 
 information of the past, and to the teachers and school officers of 
 the county who have willingly assisted us in our labors as super- 
 intendent. 
 
 treasures for their establishment. To this action Hallam traces 
 the first glimmering of that light which afterwards dispersed the 
 darkness of the middle ages. Wicklyffe, Huss, Luther and Knox 
 were trained in colleges, and some of them were occupied during no 
 small portion of their lives in the actual business of instruction. 
 The genius of Pascal was equally employed in extending the 
 boundaries of science, and in defending the truths of religion. The 
 sublimest poem of the modern world was written by a Christian 
 school-master, and drew its inspiration from the " brook which 
 flowed fast by the oracles of God." John Wesley — the founder of 
 Methodism — was a scholar of Oxford, and the cause of learning in 
 his day had no more earnest champion than he. His followers 
 have emulated his example, and wherever they have gone they 
 have labored alike for the moral and intellectual welfare of those 
 among whom they have lived. They have not waited for wealth 
 to erect stately edifices and provide the costly appliances which 
 
 McKENDREE COLLEGE. 
 
 BY PROF. SAMUEL H. DENEEN, A. M., PH.D. 
 
 Among the influences which have united to build up the civili- 
 zation which we enjoy, the most powerful are the preaching of the 
 Gospel, and the diffusion of knowledge. So well is this truth 
 realized, that to a large extent, those who have labored and dared 
 and suffered most for the advancement of mankind will be found 
 to have been concerned at the same time for the promotion of both 
 these interests. Charlemagne, the greatest of medieval rulers, 
 believed that the church and the school are the firmest pillars of a 
 well-ordered government, and devoted large suras from his royal 
 
 learning covets for the use of her votaries, but with such buildings 
 and apparatus as could be procured, they have gathered the young 
 tigether, and endeavored to impart to them whatever advantages 
 education can bestow. It was to this policy that the foundation of 
 McKendree College was due. 
 
 The Illinois Conference — embracing the states of Indiana and 
 Illinois— met in Mt. Carmel, 111., September, 1827. At this session 
 a resolution was introduced by the Rev. Peter Cartwright, D. D., 
 the object of which was to provide for the establishment of a college 
 within the bounds of Illinois. The Conference favored the scheme 
 proposed, and the citizens of Lebanon called a meeting and asked 
 for subscriptions to secure the location of the institution in their 
 
116 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 midst. Thomas Casad states that his father, Dr. Anthony W. 
 Casad, wrote the compact to which the subscribers appended 
 their names. The document, dated February 20th, 1828, is still 
 preserved, and begins thus : — 
 
 " We, the undersigned, estimating mental improvement of the 
 first importance to a commonwealth, as well in a political as a 
 moral and religious view, promise to pay the several sums annexed 
 to our names for the purpose of erecting an edifice in or near the 
 town of Lebanon, St. Clair county, Illinois, for a seminary of 
 learning to be conducted as nearly as may be on the plan of the 
 Augusta college of Kentucky. * * * The property shall be deeded 
 to the Methodist Episcopal Church for the purposes of safe-keeping 
 and the benefits of incorporation." The Illinois Conference was 
 asked to take the institution under its care, and the Missouri Con- 
 ference was requested to unite in its support. The contributors of 
 the largest sums to the amount subscribed were Nicholas Horner, 
 Nathan Horner, Dr. A. W. Casad, David Chamberlin and Col. E. 
 B. Clemson. Among the subscribers were Rev. S. H. Thompson, 
 Rev. John Dew, Rev. Samuel Mitchell, Charles McDonald, James 
 Riggin, Betsy M. Riggin, John Thomas, Sr., John Thomas, Jr., 
 Thornton Peeples, .Joseph Hypes, T. M. Nichols, Daniel S. Witter, 
 Daniel Whittenburg, Rev. Wm. Moore, Gen. James Moore, Dr. 
 W- W. Roman and Thomas Ray, the founder of the town of Leba- 
 non. There were in all one hundred and five names, and the 
 amount subscribed was $1,385. The sum seems small; but there 
 was little wealth in the community. The state was sparsely popu- 
 lated. Lebanon contained less than two hundred inhabitants. 
 The number of persons in St. Clair county did not exceed 5,000, 
 and St. Clair was at that time the richest and the most populous 
 county in the state. Between Lebanon and the Wabash there were 
 few villages of any importance. The prairies were very much as 
 the Indians had left them, and indeed many believed that they 
 never could be inhabited on account of the scarcity of timber. 
 The French element was still largely predominant in St. Louis. 
 Chicago had no existence. Kaskaskia, formerly the capital of the 
 state, now almost forgotten, had only a few years before lost its 
 importance as the judicial power in Illinois. 
 
 The entire membership of the M. E. Church in the the states of 
 Indiana and Illinois, it is believed, did not exceed 35,000. The 
 subscribers were, at all events, not discouraged with the sum ob- 
 tained, for they met a few days later, selected the grounds which 
 they desired, authorized their purchase and appointed a committee 
 to contract for the erection of a suitable building. As this was not 
 completed as soon as it was needed, the use of the Lebanon school- 
 house was obtained, and there on the 24th of November, 1828, 
 " Lebanon Seminary," as it was called, was opened, with Mr. Ed- 
 ward R. Ames, as principal, and Miss Mc'Murphy, as assistant. 
 What became of the assistant is not known. Mr. Ames (180G- 
 1879), who was educated at Ohio University, was licensed to 
 preach in 1S30, elected Bishop of the M. E. Church in 1852, and 
 in that office acquired a national reputation. While in charge of 
 the Seminary Mr. A. became a candidate for ministerial orders 
 before the quarterly conference then assembled in old Shiloh 
 Church. He did not then possess the portly proportions which 
 afterward enabled him to bear the burden of episcopal honors so 
 easily. His health seemed delicate, and one half of the members 
 present were opposed to granting him license to preach. While 
 the case stood thus, a colored minister who belonged to the confer- 
 ence was noticed riding along the road. He was stopped, brought 
 in, and after learning the condition of afl^airs, cast his vote in 
 favor of the applicant. He used to boast in after life that his vote 
 had made Mr. Ames bishop! Mr. A during his connection with 
 
 the Seminary confined his efibrts entirely to academical work. He 
 remained until the autumn of 1830, when he was appointed to a 
 charge as an itinerant Methodist' minister. In the same year 
 Bishop McKendree made known his intentions of devoting 480 
 acres of land lying in Moore's Prairie, St. Clair county. 111., to 
 found an institution of learning for the Illinois and Missouri Con- 
 ferences. The board of managers learning this fact, voted to 
 change the name of " Lebanon Seminary " to " McKendree Col- 
 lege." It will not be inappropriate here to give a brief sketch of 
 the venerable minister in honor of whom the college was named. 
 
 William McKendree, fourth bishop of the M. E. Church, was 
 born in King William county, Virginia, July 6, 1757. His father 
 was a respectable planter, and the son was brought up to follow 
 the same occupation. Young McKendree enlisted as a soldier in 
 the war of the Revolution, rose to the rank of adjutant, and was 
 present when Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. He was con- 
 verted in 1787, and began a few months later to preach. In 1795 
 he had charge of four circuits, and labored on each of them three 
 months during the year. In 1796 he was made presiding elder, 
 and was transferred in 1800 to the West. His district embraced 
 thirteen circuits — two in Ohio, six in Kentucky, three in Ten- 
 nessee and two in Virginia. Six conferences have since found 
 room in this field of his labor. His distinguished services soon 
 drew the attention of the Church to him, and in 1808 he was 
 elected bishop. From this year to the close of his life he was 
 engaged in the work of episcopal oversight, which compelled him 
 to travel through the whole length of the country, and westward 
 to the very outposts of the frontier settlements. In these journeys 
 he often endured great hardships, which gradually undermined his 
 health. His death took place at the home of his brother. Dr. 
 McKendree, in Tennessee, March 5, 1835. Bishop M. excelled 
 both as a preacher of the word, and as a presiding and executive 
 oflBcer. Judge John McLean, of the U. S. Supreme Court, 
 said of him: '-He was eloquent in the true sense of the word. 
 Few men ever filled the pulpit with greater dignity and usefulness, 
 and the beautiful simplicity of his sermons was, perhaps, unequalled 
 in our country." 
 
 After the departure of Mr. Ames, the institution appears to 
 have been conducted for two or three years as a preparatory 
 school. Rev. Peter Akers, D D., was elected president of the Col- 
 lege September 27, 1833, and soon after entered upon the duties of 
 his office. Dr. A. had been educated at Transylvania University, 
 Ky , and was earnestly requested by Bishop McKendree to accept 
 the care of this new charge of the Church. Through his influence 
 the college building, which was still unfinished but had been for 
 some years in use, was now completed. Agents were appointed ; 
 application was made to the legislature to have the college char- 
 tered ; a boarding-house, under the control of the trustees, was 
 opened, and the work of instruction was divided into proper depart- 
 ments. It was resolved to undertake the endowment of a Profes- 
 sorship, to be called in honor of Bishop Asbury. The act to 
 incorporate the college was approved February, 1835. Among 
 the names of those voting to grant the charter is found that of 
 Abraham Lincoln. The following are the names of the charter 
 trustees : John Dew, Samuel H. Thompson, James Riggin, Nicholas 
 Horner, George Lowe, Robert Moore, Theophilus M. Nichols, 
 Joshua Barnes, Samuel Stites, David L. West, Nathan Horner, 
 Joseph Foulks, Thornton Peeples, John S. Barger, Nathaniel M. 
 McCurdy, Anthony W. Casad and Benjamin Hypes. The institu- 
 tution was greatly in need of fund.s to meet the expenses of the 
 professorships recently established, and Dr. Akers, April 22, 1835, 
 was released from the duties of the presidency in order to solicit 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 donations in behalf of the college. Rev. James C. Finley, D.D., 
 ■was employed as his substitute in the work of instruction. Later 
 in the same year, Sept. 19, 1835, Kev. John Dew was elected 
 president. Prof. Annis Merrill, a graduate of Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity, Conn., was chosen Feb. 13, 1836, for the Professorship of 
 Ancient Languages — a chair which was then named the " John 
 Emory Professorship." He prevailed upon the trustees to adopt 
 the course of study pursued at the institution where he had beeen 
 educated, and also secured the election of his friend, James W. 
 Sunderland, to the Professorship of Mathematics and Natural Phi- 
 losophy. These two young professors, students from the same 
 university, were the real founders of the literary character of the 
 college. They were fresh from their studies, distinguished for 
 scholarship, full of zeal, with an enthusiastic love of learning, and 
 well fitted to be pioneers in the cause of collegiate instruction. 
 Entering upon their duties, they collected around them a band of 
 young men into whom they transfused their own ardor in the pur- 
 suit of knowledge. They determined to omit nothing from the list 
 of studies required in the best Eastern colleges. 
 
 They encountered serious obstacles ; but difficulties disappeared 
 before their irrepressible energy. They were ready to labor, and 
 content to wait, and, as is the case with most men animated by 
 such motives, they accomplished the object for which they strove. 
 Their toils were indeed fruitful, both as regards those who were 
 immediately under their care, and as preparing the way in which 
 their successors were to follow. Their high ideal was an inspira- 
 tion, and has become an example. Rev. John Dew .resigned the 
 presidency Sept. 18, 1837, and Rev. John W. Merrill, D.D., was 
 elected as his successor. Dr. Merrill was a brother of Prof. Mer- 
 rill, and was a graduate of Wesleyan University and also of Ando- 
 ver Theological Seminary. Under his direction the several depart- 
 ments of the college were regularly organized, and the scholarly 
 work of himself and his colleagues soon gave to the institution 
 deserved reputation. He has described his labors in an interesting 
 letter, from which the following extract is taken : 
 
 " Let me here advert to ihe literary labors of the College in the 
 four years of my connection with it. The work was assigned to 
 the Professors, and the best methods of study, recitations and 
 reviews in the older colleges were adopted ; a kind, but strict dis- 
 cipline preserved ; examinations at the end of the terms, and the 
 years, were instituted ; and these continued usually one week each. 
 Exhibitions, by original productions, accompanied the examinations 
 at the close of the terms, and at the anniversaries. General 
 harmony prevailed. There were few cases of discipline, and those 
 re^tiiring dismission extremely rare. Study, cheerfulness, and 
 good order were characteristics of the College. At sunrise and 
 near sunset, for four years, I met the students in the Chapel for 
 religious services. There were often seasons of spiritual refreshing 
 from the presence of the Lord. The scriptures were read, a hymn 
 was sung, and prayer offered. God was pleased to visit the institu- 
 tion with several revivals of religion, and many students, as well 
 as others, shared in its blessings. Learning and religion mated 
 well together. It happened to me not only to do the work assigned 
 by the Trustees ; but where there seemed a want, there I applied 
 my strength. It thus occurred that the first class in College read 
 most of their College Greek with me. They read under my eye 
 the whole of the first volume of the Majora, and the most of the 
 second, excepting the tragedies, though they read the Medea, and 
 twelve books of Homer's Iliad. Few classes in the older Colleges 
 read more Greek than this. As it was found the powers of our 
 College charter were too narrow, and as it seemed desirable to 
 introduce Professorships in Sacred Literature, Ecclesiastical History 
 
 and Theology, as well as chairs in the other professions, it was 
 suggested by me, that that end should be secured in the new char- 
 ter, and it was agreed by the Trustees to ask of the Legislature 
 power to establish ' professorships in all the learned professions,' 
 and this power was generously and amply granted. When we had 
 obtained the new charter, the senior class read, with me, one exer- 
 cise in the Gospels a week exegetically. Our students studied so 
 diligently, and the examinations were so satisfactory, that, on the 
 graduation of this class, the college had taken a high literary rank 
 in the State, and our number of students were about one hundred 
 and twenty-two during the year. The members of the graduating 
 class were R. F. Cunningham, H. H. Horner, J. Johnson, W. T. 
 Lucky, J. Pierson, E. Robinson and W. Weer. Their examina- 
 tions had been passed with credit. Their orations had been pre- 
 pared, and in a grove hard by the college premises, over the road 
 nearly in front of the college grounds, a stage had been erected, 
 and here the exhibitions of the three lower classes had passed off 
 well. The commencement day had arrived, a large crowd had assem- 
 bled, the trustees and visitors were on the stage with the Faculty^ 
 the senior class one by one had made their addresses, the diplomas 
 were distributed, the degrees conferred ; and now the first class in 
 McKendree College had been admitted to the grade of Bachelor of 
 Arts ; and this, I think, was the first class admitted to that degree 
 in a Methodist college, north of Kentucky and west of Pennsylva- 
 nia. This was iu 1811. It was one-sixth larger than the first class 
 graduated at the Wesleyan University. This was a joyous day in 
 McKendree." 
 
 The new charter, to which Dr. Merrill refers, was approved Jan. 
 26, 1839. As the college is still governed in accordance with its 
 provisions, it will be proper to give the names of the trustees to 
 whom it was granted. They were William Wilson, Samuel H. 
 Thompson, Thornton Peeples, John S. Barger, Benjamin Hypes, 
 Hiram K. Ashley, Joshua Barnes, James Riggin, Wathan Horner, 
 Benjamin T. Kavanaugh, Theophilus M: Nichols, Crispin Cunning- 
 ham, John Hogan, Jesse Renfro, Benjamin Bond, and Alexander 
 M. Jenkins. Dr. Merrill resigned Aug. 18, 1841, and Rev. James 
 C. Finley, D.D., a graduate of Princtton, N. J , was chosen in his 
 stead. Dr. Finley served until March 10, 1S46, when Dr. Akers 
 was invited to take the position. The college at this time was 
 severely pressed financially, and Dr. Akers did not assume the 
 active duties of his office. The institution was suspended from the 
 autumn of 1845 to the autumn of 1846. Rev. Erastus Wentworth, 
 D.D., a graduate of Wesleyan University, was elected President 
 April 1, 1846, with a Faculty selected entirely from eastern col- 
 leges. The first measure of the new Faculty was tc provide a course 
 of study with the ancient languages omitted. Those who completed 
 this course were to receive the degree of "Bachelor of Science." 
 Steps were also taken to provide for the erection of a more commo- 
 dious building, and through the uutidng efforts of the agent, Rev. 
 Wm. Goodfellow, this object was accomplished. The '■ Lebanon 
 Journal," a newspaper in the interest of the college, was established 
 in 1849. It served as an organ of communication between the 
 friends of the college and the church, and was continued for several 
 years, but never was a financial success. Dr. Wentworth remained 
 in his office four years, and did much to make the college popular 
 and to attract students to its halls. He was succeeded by Rev. 
 Anson W. Curamings, D.D., who held the office for two years. 
 Rev. Peter Akers, D.D., was chosen president in 1852, and served 
 in that capacity five years. A new scheme for the endowment of 
 the college by the sale of scholarships was devised i i 1854, and 
 agents were sent into the field, and labored strenuously to accom- 
 plish the object designed. During Dr. Akers' term of office the 
 
118 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 old college building caught fire, and was consumed. Dr. Akers 
 appealed to the public to replace the loss, and the present college 
 chapel was soon after begun. Dr. Akers resigned July, 1857, and 
 Dr. Werter R. Davis, senior professor, acted as president until the 
 spring term of 1858, when Rev. Nelson E. Cobleigh, D.D., by the 
 election of the executive committee, was called to the position. 
 His election was confirmed in the following June by the board of 
 trustees. Dr. Cobleigh (1814-1874) was a graduate of Wesleyan 
 University, had been Professor of Ancient Languages in McKen- 
 dree College for the year 1853-4, and in Lawrence University, 
 Wis., from 1854 to the spring of 1858. 
 
 Dr. Cobleigh signalized his entrance upon office by discarding 
 all plans of endowing the college by means of scholarships, and 
 resolved to appeal at once to the generosity of the public. He fixed 
 the sum he proposed to raise at twenty thousand dollars, ($20,000) 
 and prevailed upon the Southern Illinois Conference to assume the 
 collection of one-half of this amount, while Lebanon and vicinity 
 were to furnish the other portion. The preachers ^ntered cheer- 
 fully into the plan. Lebanon and the immediate neighborhood, 
 through the earnest efforts of Dr. Cobleigh and the friends of the 
 college, contributed twelve thousand dollars ($12,000). The Con- 
 ference raised the promised $10,000 in notes which it agreed to 
 make good. This work was completed in the year 1860, and is the 
 most important financial scheme devised and carried into execution 
 in the history of the college It relieved the institution from im-' 
 mediate pressure, and assured its permanence. Dr. Cobleigh 
 resigned in 1863, and was succeeded by Rev. Robert Allyn, D. D., 
 LL. D, who was the presiding officer of the college for eleven years. 
 Dr. Allyn, like several of his predecessors, was a graduate of 
 Wesleyan University. He directed his efforts to the reduction of 
 the debt of the college, and by donations and special arrangements 
 with the creditors, he lessened it by the amount of somewhat more 
 than $20,000. This reduction was effected by the self-sacrifice of the 
 professors of the college. Several attempts were made during Dr. 
 Allyn's administration to entirely remove the iodebtedness of the 
 institution, but they were only partially successful, and at his de-- 
 parture from the college, there still remained upon it a debt of 
 $5,000. Dr. Allyn added to the buildings of the college a sub- 
 stantial structure designed for gymnastic purposes, but which has 
 since been converted to the use of the Commercial Department. 
 ■ Through his agency, the institution was opened to female students 
 by vote of the Board of Trustees, June 9, 1869. The Scientific 
 Course was enlarged in June, 1874, by requiring from all candi-' 
 dates for the degree of " Bachelor of Science " two years of Latin 
 and German. 
 
 Dr. Allyn was succeeded, in 1874, by Rev. John W. LockCj 
 D. D., a graduate of Augusta College, Kentucky. Dr. Locke had 
 been for twelve years Professor of Mathematics in Indiana Asbury 
 University, and for a short time President of Baker University, 
 Kansas. He held the oflace four years, during which time depart- 
 ments were instituted for students of commercial science and of 
 music. The bequests of Mrs. E. M. Riggins (1875) and of Dr. N. M. 
 McCurdy (1876) increased the funds of the college, and established 
 its financial affairs upon a better basis. The successor of Dr- 
 Locke was Rev. Ross C Houghton, D.D., educated at Union Col- 
 lege, N.Y., and at the time of his election, June, 1878, pastor of 
 Union M. E. Churcii, St. Louis, Mo. Dr. Houghton retained his 
 pastorship, and vi--ited the college at brief intervals, so as to keep 
 an oversight of the management. As a condition of remaining, he 
 insisted that the debt upon the college, amounting at that time to 
 nearly $7,000, be paid, and six citizens of Lebanon gave their notes 
 for $ :J,000 for that purpose. The whole sum not having been raised. 
 
 Dr. Houghton resigned the presidency, and Rev. Daniel W. Phil- 
 lips, A.M., an alumnus of the college, was chosen to fill that office. 
 The effort to remove the debt was continued without interruption, 
 and the claim against the college, which had been so long a source 
 of embarrassment, was paid in full Dec 31, 1879. 
 
 Financial History. — The first important movement with reference 
 to the endowment of the college was made April 14, 1836. Rev. 
 B. T. Kavanaugh, D.D., agent of the board of trustees, was author- 
 ized to sell perpetual scholarships for the sum of $500 each, and to 
 enter or purchase lands for persons wishing to invest in real estate 
 in Illinois, one half of the land thus entered or purchased to be 
 held in the name of the donor, and the other for the benefit of the 
 college. At that time the national road was in process of construc- 
 tion, and it was confidently expected that when it was completed 
 through Illinois, the value of lands would be enhanced one hundred 
 per cent, within five years. Dr. Kavanaugh was so active in his 
 agency that the board of trustees, Jan. 1, 1839, declared that the 
 sum of $50,000 had been subscribed for the endowment of the col- 
 lege, and required the agents to collect the money or secure the notes 
 of the subscribers. But the veto of the National Road by Gen. 
 Jackson annulled the prospect of any immediate advancement in 
 the value of Illinois lands and the financial disasters which occurred 
 throughout the whole country during the administration of Van 
 Buren, produced despondency and prostration of enterprise in the 
 West. The subscribers found themselves unable to pay principal 
 or interest. Repeated duns alienated their good will, and embit- 
 tered their feelings. Of the one hundred scholarships sold, only 
 one was paid for in cash. Various compromises were made with 
 the other subscribers, unsatisfactory to themselves and ruinous to 
 the college. Those who had invested their money in Illinois lands 
 were also disappointed in their expectation of sudden riches and 
 disposed to complain. Of the $50,000 subscribed, it is believed 
 that scarcely enough was ever realized by the college to pay the 
 expenses of the agent. A sad commentary upon the policy of taking 
 notes running for a term of years without any security for payment 
 except the signature of the giver. 
 
 The next attempt to endow the college was made in 1854 The 
 sale of scholarships for this purpose was still common with college 
 authorities, and it is not strange that recourse was had to this 
 method again. A committee, consisting of Rev. James Leaton, 
 D. D., Rev. Wm. L. Deneen and Judge Wm. H. Underwood, 
 reported a plan to raise $100,000. The scholarships were to be 
 perpetual and transferable only to the college, and none were to be 
 entitled to tuition on these scholarships, except members_^ of families 
 of the owners. These articles were unfortunately so modified by the 
 board of trustees as to make the scholarships transferable to any 
 party, and to allow the owners to sell, rent, or loan them to whom 
 they pleased. This change in the original plan has proved very 
 injurious to the college. Scholarships for three years were sold at 
 $30 ; for seven years at $50 ; aud for twenty years at $100. Five 
 hundred and ninety-six (596) of these scholarships were sold by 
 eight agents. Only about one tenth of the aggregate value of the 
 scholarships was received in cash. Notes were given for the rest, 
 many of which could not be collected. The late Gov. French report- 
 ed after a careful examination, that the college had paid one dollar 
 and two cents for every dollar it had received from the sale of these 
 scholarships. The failure of this plan, as in the former case, arose 
 from selling scholarships to men who did not secure their notes, and 
 were unable to meet their obligations themselves. The cash col- 
 lected, barely paid the salaries of the agents, and the expenses of 
 advertising. The college has sufl^ered sorely from the results of this 
 ill-advised scheme. Its only beneficial effect was to bring somestu- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 119 
 
 dents to the college 'who but for the possession of a scholarship would 
 probably never have thought of seeking an education. Neverthe- 
 less the failure and folly of these schemes are not by any means pe- 
 culiar to McKendree College. Very many of the literary institu- 
 tions of the U. S. founded by benevolent effort have had a similar 
 or worse experience. The chosen nation had to journey for long 
 years through the wilderness, and men and the institutions of men 
 do not escape a similar fate. The creation of a permanent fund 
 for the endowment of the college is due to the efforts of Dr. N. E. 
 Cobleigh. Through the exertions of himself and the friends of 
 the college, the sum of $22,000 was raised in notes, and when notes 
 proved worthless new donations were sought to replace them 
 Most of them were good. The management of this fund has been 
 in the hands of careful men, such as Gov. French, Wm. Nichols, 
 H. H. Horner, G. W. Seaman, Luther Brown, Henry Seiter and 
 others. To this permanent fund there was added the sum of $2500 
 in 1866, from the centenary collections of the Southern Illinois 
 Conference, and land of nearly the same value. In June, 1872, 
 another plan was devised to increase this fund by donations payable 
 in ten annual instalments. From this source a small revenue is 
 derived. Mrs. Elizabeth M. Riggin (1805-1875) willed to the col- 
 lege property valued at $23,000, of which a little more than half 
 was immediately available. Dr. Nathaniel M. McCurdy (.1799- 
 1876) of Vandalia, 111., left to the college, moneys and stocks of the 
 aggregate value of $25,000, from which, however, the institution 
 will not derive an income for some time to come- The college has 
 therefore an endowment of seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) 
 of which only about one half is at present yielding interest. The 
 income from this fund, and the fees charged for tuition, constitute 
 the means by which the salaries of the faculty are paid. Of the 
 money given to the college for the erection of buildings, the pay- 
 ments of debts, and for endowment, more than $60,000 have been 
 contributed by Lebanon and vicinity. 
 
 GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS. 
 
 The park in which the college buildings are located, consists of 
 seventeen acres. The ground is high and rolling, and the charm 
 of the natural scenery is felt and acknowledged by all visitors. 
 Seen in its full beauty during the commencement week in June, it 
 presents a picture of rare attractiveness. No where, it should seem, 
 could be found a fitter spot, where young and ardent minds might 
 be brought into communion with " The dead but sceptered sover- 
 eigns, who still rule our spirits from {heir urns." It is, indeed, a 
 Mecca to those, who in their early days have trodden its walks and 
 reclined beneath the shadow of its noble forest trees. The build- 
 ings of the college are plain and substantial, and well adapted for 
 the purposes for which they are erected The main building consists 
 of three stories, two of which furnish eight large and commodious 
 rooms for recitations and lectures, while the third is devoted to the 
 halls of the two literary societies of the young gentlemen. The 
 chapel consists of two stories, the upper of which contains the au- 
 dience room, which is one of the largest in the state; the lower is 
 divided into two departments, which contain the library, the cabi- 
 net and the hall of the young ladies' literary society. The com- 
 mercial hall contains but one story, and is the most elegantly finished 
 on the grounds, 
 
 LIBEAEIES, 
 
 The libraries of the College contain between 7000 and 8000 
 volumes, and many hundred pamphlets. The books have been 
 largely obtained by donation, and consequently are of a very diver- 
 sified character. The largest single donation came from Rev. 
 Robert Emory, D. D., of Dickinson College, Penn. The standard 
 
 works of history and reference have been purchased. A fund is 
 very much needed to make the library what it ought to be. A 
 collection of so many books cannot well be made without contain- 
 ing some rare volumes. Among books not often found in American 
 libraries we may mention the " Institutes, Political and Military, of 
 Timour, otherwise called Tamerlane's, in Persian and English. 
 Edited by Joseph White, B. D., Oxford, 1783 ;" " The Flowers of 
 Persian Literature, in Persian and English. Edited by S. Rous- 
 seau, 1801 ;" " Arabic Proverbs, or the Manners and Customs of 
 the Modern Egyptians, Illustrated from their Proverbial Sayings 
 Current at Cairo. In Arabic and English. By John Lewis Burck- 
 hardt. London, 1830." These books, with some Persian MSS. 
 were given to the College, at the request of Col. R. M. Moore, 
 A. M., by Rev. Rufus Spaulding, missionary to Africa, in 1834, 
 The oldest book in the library is "Julii Csesaris Scaligeri, viri 
 clarissimi Poetices Libri Septem," printed in 1661, A copy of 
 Edward Everett's Works, presented by himself, and containing his 
 autograph, should not be unnoticed, 
 
 LITERAEY SOCIETIES, 
 
 There are three literary societies. Two of these are for young 
 gentlemen— the Philosophian, founded in 1837, and the Platonian, 
 founded in 1849, The exercises of these societies are of the highest 
 utility in preparing young men for professional life. Many, who 
 have since distinguished themselves at the bar, in the pulpit, and 
 before public assemblies, have borne testimony to the benefits de- 
 rived from their youthful training here. The halls of these socie- 
 ties, in their size and in the elegance of all their appointments, are 
 equalled by few in the United States They are the pride of the 
 College, The Clionian Society, founded in 1869, is designed to 
 furnish young ladies the same advantages as the other societies offer 
 to young men, 
 
 CABINET, 
 
 The cabinet contains a very large number of specimens, carefully 
 arranged and labelled. The specimens were chiefly obtained from 
 the Mississippi Valley and the Rocky Mountains, but by exchanges 
 and donations nearly all parts of our country are represented, as 
 well .as portions of South America and the Old World. President, 
 Phillips procured from Dr. George Vasey, M. S., Botanist, a bota- 
 nical collection of about 6000 species, representing the flora of 
 America with many foreign plants. He has also purchased for the 
 College a collection ofmounted birds, representing the species found 
 in Southern Illinois. Rev. P, T. Wilson, of the class of 1862, while 
 a missionary in India, made a collection for the College, embracing 
 a full assortment of marble images of the numerous gods worshipped 
 there, a few birds of the richest plumage, a musk deer, a Himalaya 
 mountain goat and deer, a stuffed cobra di capello and other 
 specimens of minor interest, 
 
 ALUMNI, 
 
 The roll of Alumni of the College contains the names of nearly 
 four hundred persons, many of whom are in high offices of trust in 
 Church or State, while others in private stations are exerting an 
 influence not less important, if less prominent. They may be found 
 from Boston to Portland, and from St. Paul to Tallahassee and Los 
 Angeles. They are especially numerous in the legal profession, in 
 which they are winning for themselves honor and wealth. An 
 equal number perhaps may be found engaged in proclaiming to 
 their fellow men the teachings of the Master. Others are physicians, 
 professors, editors, congressmen, judges, ministers to foreign courts, 
 or missionaries to distant lands. In the war the sons of McKendree 
 nobly responded to the call of their country in her hour of need. 
 They were to be seen in all ranks from Major-General to the com- 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 mon soldier, and the story of their services forms an honorable 
 chapter in the history of the College and of the country. 
 
 Appended is a list of the Presidents and Professors, with a state- 
 ment of the time of their services in the institution : 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE COLLEGE ASD PEOFESSORS OP MORAL AND MENTAL 
 
 SCIENCES. 
 
 ACCESSUS. EXITOS. 
 
 1833 Rev. Peter Akers, M.A., D. D 1835 
 
 1835 Eev. John Dew, 1837 
 
 1838 Re V. John W. Merrill, M. A., D. D 1841 
 
 1841 Rev. James C.Finley,M.A.,D.D 1845 
 
 1845 Rev. PeterAkers, M. A., D. D 1846 
 
 1846 Rev. Erastus Wentworth, M. A., D.D 1850 
 
 1850 Rev. Anson W. Cummings, M.A., D.D 1852 
 
 1852 Rev. Peter Akers, M. A., D. D 1857 
 
 1858 Rev. Nelson E. Cobleigh, M.A., D.D 1863 
 
 1863 Rev. Robert AUyn, M.A., D.D 1874 
 
 1874 Rev John W. Locke, M. A , D.D 1878 
 
 1878 Rev. Ross C. Houghton, M. A., D.D. 1879 
 
 1879 Rev. Daniel W. Phillips, M.A. 
 
 ANCIENT LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. 
 
 1836 Annis Merrill, M.A 1841 
 
 1841 Rev.J. C. Finley, M.A 1844 
 
 1844 H. H. Horner, M.A 1845 
 
 1845 Rev. G. L. Roberts, M.A 1846 
 
 1846 Rev. Spencer Mattison. M.A 1852 
 
 1852 Oran Faville, M.A., LLD 1853 
 
 1853 Rev. N. E. Cobleigh, M.A., D.D 1854 
 
 1854 Rev. G. G. Junes, M.A 1857 
 
 1857 Samuel W. Williams, M.A 1858 
 
 1858 Albert A. Scott, M A 1860 
 
 1863 Rev. James C. Finley, M.A.,M.D 1865 
 
 LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, AND HISTORY. 
 
 18-58 Samuel H. Deneen, M.A., Ph.D. 
 
 GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, AND GERMAN. 
 
 1863 William F. Swahlen, MA., Ph.D. 
 
 MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 1836 James W. Sunderland, M.A.,LL.D 1845 
 
 1845 John L. Scripps, M.A 1846 
 
 1846 Rev. A. W. Cummings, M.A., D.D 1850 
 
 1851 Rev. R. Z. Mason, A.M., LL.D 1854 
 
 18-54 Rev. E. C. Merrick, M.A 1855 
 
 MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY. 
 
 1855 R. M. Moore, M.A „ 1866 
 
 1866 O. V. Jones, M.A 1879 
 
 1879 Joseph Harris, M.A. 
 
 NATURAL SCIENCE. 
 
 1851 Rev. James Leighton, M.A., D.D 1852 
 
 1854 Rev. Werter R. Davis, D.D 1858 
 
 1858 Rev. Franklin 0. Blair, M.A. 1871 
 
 1871 Rev. Evan E. Edwards, M.A., Ph.D 1879 
 
 1879 Lucy J. Rider. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF LAW. 
 
 1861 Hon. A. C. French, LL.D 1865 
 
 1865 H. H. Horner, M.A. 
 
 INSTITUTION OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. 
 ladies' academy, BELLEVILLE, ILL. 
 
 The History of Catholic Eduaation in Belleville dates from the 
 year 1846, when we find an humble, self sacrificing Catholic priest, 
 Eev. G. H. Ostlangenberg, gathering around him the children of 
 the few Catholic families of Belleville in the basement of their 
 little church, thus laying the foundation of the present parochial 
 schools of St. Peter's congregation. Many were the difficulties to be 
 surmounted. Few children — most of them from the locality — scanty 
 means, want of competent teachers. Early settlers feelingly relate 
 
 how the good priest had to work in order to defray the expenses of 
 the first school. But also the teachers had their difficulties : among 
 the children there had to be almost as many classes as there were 
 children; and, what was still more annoying, among them were 
 representatives of almost every nationality: — German, French, 
 English, Irish, American, Bohemian. Yet the zeal of Father Ost- 
 langenberg was undaunted. Notwithstanding all the difficulties 
 he kept up his school until he left Belleville, and attained the end 
 sought after in establishing it. Most of the pupils of his school 
 have done well in life, and remained faithful to the church. 
 
 His successor, the present Right Reverend Bishop Alton, being 
 likewise interested in the education of the children, thought it ex- 
 pedient to procure membars of a religious community for the ac- 
 complishment of this task- In the year 1857, he took up a collec- 
 tion for the building of a convent and school-rooms for the girls of 
 the congregation. The building was to be 107 feet in front, 40 feet 
 deep, and 30 feet high — the middle part of the present " Institute 
 of the Immaculate Conception." It cost $8437.09, of which about 
 $800.00 were contributed by liberal citizens of Belleville, about 
 $5000.00 by St. Peter's congregation, and the balance of $2600.00 
 by the Sisters of the Mother house in Milwaukee, Wis., to whom 
 the Reverend Pastor had applied for teachers for his schools. In 
 September, 1859, two Sisters, with Sister Mary Jerome, as Supe- 
 rioress arrived in Belleville. The day of their arrival was a day 
 of great joy among the parishioners. But the good Sisters had not 
 only to teach ; they had also the arduous task of finishing the 
 structure, and furnishing the same, out of their own scanty means. 
 They opened school in the new building, in October, 1859, with 
 seventy-five girls. A male teacher had charge of the boys, who 
 had their class-room in the basement of the old church. 
 
 Soon afterwards a school-room was built for them on the lot, on 
 which now St. Peter's church stands, from where it was removed 
 1863, to the lot where now the St. Elizabeth Hospital is erected. 
 The number of scholars increasing from year to year, more teach- 
 ers were required and consequently more room. In the year 1863, 
 the sisters took charge also of the smaller boys, who after the com- 
 pletion of the new church had their class-rooms in the old church 
 building, which had been divided into three large and commodious 
 school-rooms. There the boys' school was continued until September, 
 1879, when it was removed to the school-rooms of the St. Agnos Or- 
 phan Asylum. The larger boys are in charge of Mr. Clemens 
 Willenbrink, the successful teacher and organist of St. Peter's Con- 
 gregation for the last six years. As a preparatory class to the 
 parochial schools a Kindergarten, numbering at an average sixty 
 children has been in operation for the last four years under the 
 charge of a sister. It is an interesting class, and has proved very 
 beneficial to those in attendance. 
 
 Since April this year another school has been opened for the 
 English children— boys and girls— exclusively, in which the English 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 121 
 
 branches only are being taught. Thus the parochial schools of 
 St. Peter's Congregation are divided into four different classes for 
 boys; four for girls ; English school, and Kindergarten, in which al- 
 'together nine Bisters and one male teacher are engaged in teaching 
 about 650 children. Besides all the branches taught in the public 
 schools of the country, Bible History of the Old and New Testa- 
 ment and Catechism alternately are being taught in all classes for 
 half an hour every day. The girls are also instructed twice a week 
 in needle work. Singing classes are given twice a week, half an 
 hour in the afternoon, in which singing is taught systematically, 
 so that for the last five years the children of the parochial school 
 have been able to sing every first Sunday of the month at High 
 mass and the psalms at Vespers in the afternoon in St. Peter's church, 
 to the great pleasure of the juvenile singers, and the edification of 
 the whole congregation. 
 
 Examinations take place in all schools twice a year — in the be- 
 ginning of December, and at the end of April, afterthe latter part of 
 which, in the month of May, a public exhibition, consisting of sing- 
 ing, declamations, and tableaux, is given in the grand hall of the 
 Sisters' Convent, at which all children of the parochial schools and 
 their parents are present. It is the gr. at gala day of the children, 
 because they know their fathers and mothers are among the au- 
 dience, listening to their songs and plays. Though the world ge- 
 nerally ignores the labors of the good sisters, St. Peter's Congre- 
 gation offers them a tribute of gratitude bj' declaring that the day 
 of their coming to Belleville was one of great blessing. Thousands 
 of its members thank them for their education, secular as well as re- 
 ligious. In the records of Heaven alone will we find all they have 
 done for the furtherance of the holy work, and there, too, in that 
 abode of bliss, is their reward awaiting them. 
 
 A day or select school, divided into three departments, is also in 
 charge of these Sisters, and open to the children of Belleyille in ge- 
 neral. All the branches required for a finished education are taught 
 in these classes. Charges are : Primary department $6.00, Inter- 
 mediate department $8.00 and Senior department $10.00 per session 
 of five months. Vocal music in class, three times a week, no extra 
 charge. Private vocal lessons $20.00 per session. Instrumental 
 music, lessons given daily, also $20.00 per session. 
 
 Many ladies of Belleville and vicinity have received their musi- 
 cal education from the Sisters de Notre Dame, and it is a source of 
 gratification to these Sisters to know that many of their former pu- 
 pils now conduct church choirs and play the organ during divine 
 service in different parts of the country. 
 
 The boarding-school for young ladies, known as " Institute of the 
 Immaculate Conception," offers every advantage of similar institu- 
 tions. The Sisters, feeling bound to respond to the confidence placed 
 in them by parents and guardians, give their pupils a Christian and 
 thorough education. Pupils of all religious denominations are re- 
 ceived. The course of study, pursued in this institution, embraces 
 the English, German and French languages, with all useful and 
 ornamental branches taught to young ladies. 
 
 Private examinations are held every two months and written re- 
 ports sent to parents and guardians. Premiums are distributed 
 to the most deserving, at the commencement, held annually in the 
 Exhibition Hall, towards the end of June. 
 
 The building is very spacious, measuring one hundred and eighty 
 feet front, and one hundred feet deep, thoroughly ventilated, heated 
 by furnaces, lighted by gas, and furnished with all modern im- 
 provements. 
 
 A beautiful chapel, built in the Byzantine style, occupies a part 
 of the western wing. Over the main altar is a life-size figure of our 
 
 " Lady " carved in wood. A silver lamp, in the shape of a dove, 
 16 ..,...., 
 
 gives forth its light, by night and day, before the sanctuary of the 
 Holy of Holies. Young lady boarders have access to the chapel 
 for general and private devotions. 
 
 The moderate prices, together with the healthy location and many 
 advantages of this institution should b3 an inducement to parents 
 and guardians to place their children or wards in care of these excel- 
 lent teachers. 
 
 Board and tuition per annum only $150.00 ; music, painting, 
 etc., form extra charges. 
 
 Prospectuses will be furnished with pleasure, on application. 
 
 HOWE LITERAKY INSTITUTE. 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS. BY EEV. S. F. HOLT. 
 
 This institution takes its name from the late Mr. Lyman Howe, 
 by whose liberality it was founded. Mr. Howe was an intelligent 
 merchant, who had bsen for several years engaged in business on 
 what is known as Bloody Island, just opposite the city of St. Louis. 
 Wishing to leave some memorial of himself that would, at the 
 same time, be a substantial benefit to the community then just be- 
 ginning to gather at that point, he embodied in his will a bequest of 
 ten thousand dollars " for the building of a church, or school-house, 
 or both, on Bloody Island." 
 
 The custody and expenditure of this bequest was especially com- 
 mitted to the Hon. Jno. B. Lovingston, the executor of the will, 
 without other instructions than those contained in the single sen- 
 tence above quoted. But Mr. Lovingston had been a business part- 
 ner of Mr. Howe, and was in hearty sympathy with his liberal ini- 
 pulses and enlightened public spirit, and believing that the wishes 
 of the testator would be best attained by the establishment of an 
 educational institution, he decided to appropriate the fund to that 
 purpose. 
 
 It was desirable that such an institution should have the fostering 
 care of some organized body, interested in education, that would be 
 perpetual in its own existence, and would give the institute a con- 
 stant and permanent support. With this object in view, Mr. Lov- 
 ingston proffered the control of the enterprise to the South District 
 Baptist Association, and this body, after due consideration, decided 
 to accept the trust. 
 
 In October, 1871, an educational association was formed for this 
 purpose, composed chiefly of prominent citizens of St. Clair and 
 Madison counties. An incorporation under the general law of the 
 State was effected, and a Board of Trustees chosen. 
 
 Of this association Hon. J. B. Lovingston was made President, 
 Hon. Jas. P. Slade, Secretary, and Eev. J. M. Cochran, who had 
 been most active in promoting the enterprise thus far, was chosen 
 Corresponding Secretary and Financial Agent. The Board of 
 Trustees then chosen has (continued substantially to the present 
 time. Including some changes caused chiefly by death, the list 
 comprises, in addition to the officers above-named, the following 
 gentlemen, who have also been the principal supporters of the in- 
 stitute : Jno. T. Lemen, M. W. Weir, G. W. Darrow, David Ogle, 
 L M St. John, W. R. Begole, Chas. Gooding, W. A. Darrow, 
 Warren Beedle, M. T. Stookey, Fred. Merrill and VV. M. Ander- 
 
 This association decided to establish at East St. Louis an educa- 
 tional institution, bearing the name, Howe Literary Institute. 
 
 At the early date of Mr. Howe's death, he did not anticipate, 
 nor did any one else then foresee, how completely Bloody Island 
 would be occupied by the numerous railroads since built, which 
 eonverc^e to a common focus upon it, rendering it a quite unsuitable 
 
.122 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 C. li, Clarke, 
 
 HOWE LITERARY INSTITUTE, East St. Louis, Lllinois. 
 
 location for the building he had provided fur. With the concur- 
 rence of the executors and the heirs of the estate, a decree in Chan- 
 cery was obtained, authorizing a change of location ; and the pre- 
 sent site, donated in part by Mr. Lovingston, was fixed upon. The 
 campus contains about one acre, healthily and pleasantly situated 
 on the highest ground in East St. Luiis, just outside the present 
 limits of the city, and about one and a half miles directly east of 
 the Great Bridge. 
 
 In the summer of 1873 the trustees began the erection of the 
 institute building. At ihat time the whole country was in the full 
 tide of commercial and business prosperity, and the work of build- 
 ing was entered upon in the confidence which that prosperity in- 
 spired, without apprehension of, or provision for, the disastrous 
 changes which were soon to follow. Overtaken by the sudden finan- 
 cial panic in the autumn, the trustees were obliged to suspend 
 the work, and the walls were left standing unfinished several 
 months. In the spring of 1874, as money could not be otherwise 
 
 raised, the needed funds were burrowed, the building completed, 
 and the school opened in October, under the supervision of Rev. 
 S. F. Holt, A. M., who had been elected President of the institute 
 in the spring, and had bsen actively engaged during the summer in 
 finishing and furnishing the edifice. The cost of the edifice, exclu- 
 sive of the bite, was about $20,000. 
 
 During the several years of " hard times " which followed the 
 opening of the institute, its history was a continuous struggle, not 
 so much for success as for existence. Returning commercial pros- 
 perity brought a better patronage to the institute, and greatly 
 brightened its prospects. It now promises to become a permanent 
 and successful institution of great benefit to the city in which it is 
 located, and to the people of the surrounding country. 
 
 The annual attendance has varied from sixty to one hundred and 
 seventy. It has a carefully-arranged course of study, upon the 
 completion of which a diploma is given. The number of graduates 
 thus far is fourteen. Its first President still continues at its head. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 123 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 PATRIOTISM OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 T the time of the earliest settlements in this connly 
 to the conclusion of the treaty of Paris, Febru- 
 ary 10th, 1763, the allegiance of her inhabitants 
 was due to France. Catholic missionaries, deter- 
 mined on the regeneration of the Indian .tribes, 
 armed with the gospel of peace, yet fearful of 
 inability to conquer that peace, planted the 
 French standard above thtir rudely constructed 
 forts. Their devotion was first to the cause of God, and second to 
 that of France. By that treaty their allegiance was transferred to 
 the British crown in terms as follows : 
 
 " In order to establish peace on solid and durable foundations, 
 and to remove forever all subjects of dispute with regard to the 
 limits of the British and French territories on the continent of 
 America, it is agreed that for the future the confines between the 
 dominions of his Britannic Majesty and those of his most excellent 
 Christian Majesty in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevo- 
 cably by a line drawn along the middle of the river Mississippi, 
 from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence by a line 
 drawn along the middle of this river and the lakes Maurepas and 
 Pontchartrain, to the sea ; and for this purpose, the most Christian 
 king cedes, in full right, and guarantees to his Britannic Majesty 
 the river and port of the Mobile, and everything which he pos- 
 sesses or ought to possess on the left side of the river Mississippi, 
 with the exception of the town of New Orleans, and of the island 
 on which it is situated, which shall remain to France ; it being well 
 understood that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally 
 free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, 
 in its whole breadth and length from its source to the sea ; and, 
 expressly, that part which is between the said island of New Or- 
 leans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both 
 in and out of its mouth. It is further stipulated that the vessels 
 belonging to the subjects of either nations shall not be stopped, 
 visited or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever." 
 
 Such transfer was but in words. Those who had gathered around 
 the missionary outposts were a law unto themselves. They cared 
 little whether England or France maintained supremacy over 
 them. France lost not her hold upon their affections, nor did England 
 secure their confidence. English subjects who visited Kaskaskia 
 and Cahokia only served the purpose of instilling into their minds 
 a dread of the " Long Knives," as the Virginians were called, pro- 
 nouncing them the most cruel, fierce and blood-thirsty savages that 
 ever raised a tomahawk. Advantage was taken of this fact by 
 Clark when he made his conquest. Inasmuch as thi^ conquest was 
 practically terminated at Cahokia, a brief review will not be amiss. 
 Clark never betrayed fear in the presence of Indians ; never bribed 
 them into compliance with his wishes by loading them with pre- 
 sents ; never made advances when seeking for relations of peace. 
 At Cahokia, when Indian warriors had thrown away the bloody 
 wampum sent them by the British, he coldly told them he would 
 answer them the next day, and cautioned them against shaking 
 hands with the .Long Knives, as peace was not yet concluded, 
 saying it was time enough to extend hands when hearts went with 
 them. The next day the Indians gathered to hear the answer of 
 Big Knife, which was made by Col. Clark, as follows : 
 " Men and warriors : pay attention to my words. You informed 
 
 me yesterday that the Great Spirit had brought us toge'her, and 
 that you hoped that as He was good, it would be for good. I have 
 also the same hope, and expect that each party will strictly adhere 
 to whatever may be agreed upon, whether it shall be peace or war, 
 and henceforth prove ourselves worthy the attention of the Great 
 Spirit. I am a man and a warrior, not a counsellor. I carry war 
 in my right-hand, and in my left peace. I am sent by the 
 great council of the Big Knife and their friends, to take possession 
 of all the towns possessed by the English in this country, and to 
 watch the motions of the red people ; to bloody the paths of those 
 who attempt to stop the course of the river ; but to clear the roads 
 for us to those that desire to be in peace; that the women and 
 children may walk in them without meeting anything to strike 
 their feet against. I am ordered to call upon the Great Fire for 
 warriors enough to darken the land, and that the red people may 
 hear no sound but of birds who live on blood. I know there is 
 a mist before your eyes; I will dispel the clouds that you may 
 clearly see the causes of the war between the Big Knife and the 
 English ; then you may judge for yourselves which party is in the 
 right ; and if you are warriors, as you profess yourselves to be, 
 prove it by adhering faithfully to the party which you shall be- 
 lieve to be entitled to your friendship, and not show yourselves to 
 be squaws." 
 
 He then proceeded by vivid imagery to describe the cause of the 
 war, and added: "The English were driven from one place to 
 another until they got weak, and then they hired you red people 
 to fight for them. The Great Spirit got angry at this, and caused 
 your old Father, the French king, and other great nations, to join 
 the Big Knife, and fight with them against all their enemies. So 
 the English have become like a deer in the woods; and you may 
 see that it is the Great Spirit that has caused your waters to be 
 troubled, because you have fought for the people He was mad 
 with. If your women and children should now cry, you must 
 blame yourselves for it, and not the Big Knife. You can now 
 judge who is in the right. I have already told you who I am ; 
 here is a bloody belty and a white one ; take which you please. 
 Behave like men, and don't let your being surrounded by the Big 
 Knife cause you to take up the one belt with your hands, while 
 your hearts take up the othei'. If you ta'<e the bloody path, you 
 shall leave the town in safety, and may go and join your friends, 
 the English ; we will then try who can longest keep our clothes 
 stained with blood. If, on the other hand, you should take the 
 path of peace, and be received as brothers to the Big Knife, with 
 their friends the French, should you then listen to bad birds that 
 may be flying through the land, you will no longer deserve to be 
 counted as men, but as creatures with two tongues, that ought to 
 be destroyed, without listening to anything you might say. As 
 I am convinced you never heard the truth before, I do not wish 
 you to answer before you have taken time to counsel. We will, 
 therefore, part this evening, and when the Great Spirit shall bring 
 us together again, let us speak and think like men with one heart 
 and tongue." 
 
 The effect of this address was all that the patriotic Clark and 
 his followers could have desired. The neatness with which he 
 coupled the French and Big Knives was admirable, and had great 
 weight with the Indians, who held the old missionaries in reve- 
 rence. From this hour a patriotism iu behalf of the cause of 
 American Independence was awakened that has ever been main- 
 tained. To General George Rogers Clark, more than to any other 
 one man, is the Mississippi valley indebted for its English speaking 
 pioneers,' many of whom were of Clark's immediate command. 
 To this 'conquest, too, are the United States indebted_ for the 
 
124 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 (xtcnsiou of tlieir frontier bouisdarics and vast western possis- 
 sions.* 
 
 Tiue, earlier than tliis, (in 1777) void had reached Cahokia of 
 the progress of theEevolution. They had learned of colonial resis- 
 tance to English tjranny, and right willingly did they volunteer a 
 helping hand \Ahen Thomas Brady proposed raising a company. 
 Sixteen of their number from Cahokia and Prairie du Pont en- 
 listed, and under Brady's leadership, marched northward across 
 the vast unoccupi&d prairies to St. Joseph's, a British post on the 
 southern extremity of Lake Michigan. They left their homes October 
 1st and reached St. Joseph's nearly two months later ; captured the 
 garrison, taking twenty-one prisoners, without the loss of a man. 
 The enemy had but one death, that of a negro who had run away 
 from bondage and had taken sides with theBritish and their allies, the 
 Indians. The victorious party, with their trophies of succes.«, 
 started for Cahokia, but their expedition proved ill-starred. At 
 Calumet, a few miles south-east of Chicago, they were overtaken by 
 their foes. In the fight which ensued, two of theit number were 
 killed, two were wounded, and one only made his escape ; the rest 
 ■were made prisoners. Brady and Boismenu, taken as prisoners, 
 made their escape the following year, and returned by a circuitous 
 route to Cahokia, to find General Clark in command. 
 
 Whilst at Cahokia Clark had negotiations to make with various 
 tribes; concessioi s he made to none; treachery was promptly re- 
 buked. In one instance, some Indians were prevailed upon to 
 rebel against his authority- They were promptly made prisoneis, 
 put in irons, and alter they had been sufficiently impressed with 
 the futility of their project, he ordered their irons to be stjuek etf, 
 and in his quiet way, iull of t corn, he said: " Ever} body thinks 
 you ought to die for your treachery upon my life amidst the sacred 
 deliberations of a council. I had determined to inflict death upon 
 you for your base attempt, and }cu yourselves must be sensible 
 that ycu have justly forfeited ycur lives-; but on cersiderirg the 
 meanness of watching a bear and ealching him asleep, I have 
 found out that you are not warriors, only old women, and too 
 mean to be killed by the Big Knife. As you ought to be pun- 
 ished for putting on breecli-clothes, like men, they shall be taken 
 away from you ; plenty of provisions shall be given you for your 
 journey home, as women don t know how to hunt, and during your 
 stay you shall be treated in every respect as fquaws." The Indians 
 had not looked for contempt, but fe r punishment ; to lose a war- 
 rior's footing was to them the deepest possible disgrace. They 
 tried every means to restore themselves in the favor of their captors, 
 and when Clark found them truly penitent and recon.<tructed, he 
 exhibited the same generosity towards them ever characteristic 
 of him. 
 
 With Clark, at Cahokia, were several who had followed his 
 leadership from Virginia, who determined on making Illinois their 
 home. Among them were James B. Moore and George Lunceford, 
 (many of whose descendants yet live in St. Clair,) Robert Kidd 
 
 * We siiLjoin a list of the names of the soleliers who serveel in tlie war of 
 the Kevolulion, aneJ enHed their days in St. Clair county, and who, under an 
 act of Congress passed March 18, 1818, were granted a pension : — 
 
 Serge ml — Thomas Knighten, South Carolina Continentals ; pensioned March 
 4, 1831; aged 81. Privates — Martin Eandieman, South Carolina Continen- 
 tals; pensioned March 4, 1831; aged 84. Eleazer Allen, Parson's Conti- 
 nentals, received $96 per annum, April 13, 1825. Joseph Jones, Pulaski 
 Legion {!) ; pensioned March 3, 1823 ; died August 6, 1826. Conrad Goodner, 
 North Carolina Continentals; pentioned March 4, 1831; aged 76. John 
 Prime, Virginia Continentals; pensioned March 4, 1831; aged 84. John 
 Odliiiswurth, Virginia Continentals; pensioned March 4, 1831; aged 70. 
 Uosea fiitfg, Pennsylvania Continentals; pensioned March 4, 1831. 
 
 and Larken Rutherford. Among those added to his command at 
 Cahokia were Maje)r Bowman, Brady Boismenu and Paulette 
 Maiz°. Of these Paulette Maize distinguished himself, in the 
 spring of 1778, by raising a company of volunteers, largely from 
 Cahokia, Prairie du Pont, with some from St. Louis, making a 
 hurried march to the scene of the disaster whereby twelve of their 
 neighbors had been made prisoners of war a few months before, and 
 re-taking the fort. They returned brijpging with them the spoils 
 of war. The expedition was a daring one ; its brilliancy was eom> 
 mensurate with its daring. 
 
 MILITIA SERVICE, 1790. 
 
 From 1783 to 1790 the spirit of patriotism ran high, and the 
 following were enrolled within St. Clair County, in the militia : 
 
 e'laud ,'^t. Aubin, 
 .lacques St. Aubin, 
 I'rancois Amelin, 
 Krancois Arehambarlt, 
 William Arundel, 
 .Joseph Belland, 
 Amable Baitenay, 
 1 hil. C. Boeuf, 
 Louis Buxiere, 
 Andr. Bequette, 
 Louis Beaulier, 
 Antoin Beleour, 
 Alexis Brissom, 
 Francois Buxiere, 
 Pierre Panerasse, 
 Charles Batteau, Jr., 
 Thad. Bradley, 
 Louis Bibaud, 
 Baril Beaulieu, 
 M. Boismenue, 
 John Br.ady, 
 .Jean M. Bissonette, 
 James Bryan, 
 Timothy Belley, 
 Francois Courrier, 
 Pierre Clermont, 
 Toussaint Chartrand, 
 Francois Champlan, 
 Antoine Clievier, 
 Louis Clermond, 
 Pierre Cabassier, 
 Francois Cabassier, 
 Louis La Coste, 
 John Cook, 
 J. 1). Chartran, 
 Pierre Charticr, 
 J. B. ("hamplin, 
 Joseph ra))assier, 
 Samson Canadien, 
 Joseph (licnier, 
 Cluirles Cadiin, 
 Michel Chartrand, 
 Francois Demme, 
 Uaphaol Daiiliyon, 
 Herbert Delorme, 
 Joseph llcsnumt, 
 Jedin Kiiiiiisey, 
 I'lcrro t'.cnycr, 
 Isaac ICuox, 
 Lninent Le Fcvre, 
 Piisciil 1,0 I'evre, 
 liaiie L. Flanniie, 
 J. B. Fleurant, 
 Pierre Jacq ue Flauxbert, 
 Francois ttrondine, 
 Henri M. Glandan, 
 William Groot, 
 James Garrison, 
 Louis Gendron, 
 
 Pierre Godln, 
 Louis Grandbois, 
 Joseph Gcnereux, 
 William Goings, 
 Louis Gonville, 
 John Godin, 
 Louis Germain, 
 Pierre Guitune, 
 Joseph Grinier, 
 Joseph Grondine, 
 ( harles Germain, 
 Antoin Girardin, 
 August (Jirardin, 
 Louis Harman, 
 Antoin Harman, 
 Edivard Hebert, 
 Leonhard Harnisb, 
 Pierre la Jennesse, 
 Jacob Judy, .Jr., 
 Samuel .ludy, 
 William Jones, 
 Levi Juel, 
 Louis Jervais, 
 George Lunceford, 
 Antoin Labuxiere, 
 B.apfiste Langlois, 
 Joseph Longtemp, 
 Louis Loremana, 
 B. L. Lande, 
 Jlichel Lorval, 
 L. Pierre Levy, 
 lames Lemen, 
 Gabriel Langlois, 
 Pascal Letang, 
 .'oseph Lepage. 
 Francois Lapei.se, 
 Isidor Lacroix, 
 Francois Lemen, 
 Paul Louval, 
 Jo.-eph Laplantc, 
 Antoin Lepage, 
 John Lyie, 
 Joseph Lecompte, 
 .'acqucs Lotourneau, 
 Jacques Jlayotte, 
 Jacques La Jlarche, 
 Joseph Mendoza, 
 Gabriel Jlarlian, 
 Pierre Martin, 
 Joseph ;Marie, 
 Jacques ;\lulot, 
 John Moore, 
 John Mordock, 
 iJean Marie, 
 J. Bapt. Mellet, 
 William Jlarie, 
 Louis Meriu, 
 Joseph Monogue, 
 Baptiste JIarleau, 
 
 Thomas Mars, 
 .Julien Merrier, 
 Hebert Merrier, 
 Gabriel Marlieau, 
 Julien Nftol, 
 Ftienne Nicol, 
 Benjamin Ogle, 
 Joseph Ogle, Sr., 
 Joseph Ogle, Jr., 
 Henry O'Hara, Jr., 
 Paul Poisier, 
 Joseph Parisicn, 
 Louis Pensoneau, 
 Joseph Pepin, 
 Joseph Poisier, 
 Michel Pilct, 
 Charles Filet, 
 Francois Panerasse, 
 George Powers, 
 Etienne Pensoneau, 
 John Porter, 
 William Piggott, 
 Levi Piggott, 
 Gabriel Petre, 
 Michel P.oche, 
 J. B. Eapalais, 
 Louis r.oudlard, 
 Benjamin Eogers, 
 Jesse liayncr, 
 Toussant Kobineau, 
 Poljert Sybolt, 
 John Sullivan, 
 Louis Sequin, 
 Ebenezcr Sovereign, 
 ('hri-itopher Smith, 
 Ren^ Turcau, 
 Fraucois I'rotier, 
 Joseph Trotier, 
 August Trotier, 
 Gabriel Tellier, 
 Clement Trotier, 
 l-^dward Todd, 
 Fierre Tessicr, 
 Joseph Touchette, 
 Amant Tellier, 
 Dennis La Vertu, 
 Denis Valentin, 
 Francois Yilleraze, 
 Antoin Vaudre, 
 Jean Vandette, 
 Joseph Voisin, 
 David Waddell, 
 Alexander Waeidell, 
 Lnyfon White, 
 John Werly, 
 Thomas Winn, 
 George Wear, 
 Hardy Wear, 
 Francois Young. 
 
 Roll of the company of Militia of the Prairie Du Pont, in the 
 county of St. Clair, August 1st, 1790: 
 Philip Engel, Captain. 
 Jean B. Allary, Lieutenant. 
 Charles Germain, Ensign. 
 
 Baptist Chartrant and Lalancet, .Sergeants. 
 
 Touss. Chartran and Pierre Martin, Corporals. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 125 
 
 Privates: — Noel Allary, Jean B. Lalande, Jacques le Tourneau, 
 Eaphael Daubuchon, Joseph Lambert, Pierre Godiu, Joseph De- 
 loge, sr , Joseph Deloge jr., Jacques Maya', Pierre Martin, jr., 
 Francois L. A.bbe, Thomas Chartran, Thomas Winn. Zaman Tellier, 
 B. Gabassier, Jean Chartier, Francois Benoufse, Joseph La Cou- 
 ture, Atitoiu Lacourse, Pierre Cabassier, Charles Cabassier, Charles 
 Gill, Andrew Marlow, Michael Metioier, Riue Bouvet, Francois L. 
 May, Joseph Boisverre, Frangois Cabassier, Joseph Cabassier, 
 Louis Bisson, William Crow, Ignace Grondine, Gonvile, Louis 
 Groste, Janois Lapance, Marian Pancrasse, Andrew Begnet, Joseph 
 
 Pettie, Francois Gerome, Laurent Amelin, Laurent Lefevre, 
 
 Lacroix, Pierre Guitar, sr., Pierre Guitar, jun., Michel Antaya, 
 Louis Verboniear and Paul Desloges. 
 
 During the years when the services of these militia men were 
 called into action, stirring scenes of patriotism in defence of homes 
 were enacted, both within and without the limits of this county by 
 its soldiery, whether regularly enrolled or not. Almost every man 
 was called upon by motives of vengeance to abandon peaceful pur- 
 suits and raise patriot arras in defen'ce of loved homes. The blood 
 of victims massacred called aloud for redress ; property stolen, 
 particularly hor.^es, nerved to exhibitions of valor. The Ogles, Ben- 
 jamin and Jo.seph, sen., James Lemen, John Porter, D. Draper, in 
 company with Capt N. Hull, J. Ryan, and William Bryson, of other 
 counties, avenged the theft of horses in 1791, and the attack upon 
 John Dempsey, who luckily fled before savage deviltry, by chasing 
 a company of twice their number of Indians, with whom they kept 
 up a severe running fight for several hours, killing five of their 
 number, without the loss of a single one of their own band. The 
 Indians evidently over-rated the number of their pursuers, and 
 sought safety in flight, rather than trust to their arms For a full 
 year or more, the Indians were cowed by this defeat of their plans, 
 as during that time no one was molested It was during this time 
 that the Whitesides came to St. Clair County, since embraced 
 in Monroe county, from Kentucky, together with other accessions 
 to the pioneer population. 
 
 In 1793, near the present site of Belleville, was enacted a scene 
 which for daring bravery and astonishing results, is rarely equalled. 
 A party of Kickapoos, under the leadership of Old Pecan, had 
 stolen nine horses from citizens of the American bottom, which they 
 had taken as far as Belleville on their trail to Shoal creek, when 
 they were overtaken by eight as brave men as ever pursued a red- 
 skin. Small as was the pursuing party, they divided their number 
 and attacked the Indians in their camp from two sides. The signal 
 for attack was a shot from the gun of William Whiteside. Sur- 
 prised at its suddenness, ignorant of the numbers of their pursuers, 
 the Indians took to flight, leaving a son of the chief upon the camp 
 ground dead; also their arms. The old chief approached. the 
 whites and begged for quarter. When he discovered but eight men 
 in their party, namely, William Whiteside, Samuel Judy, John 
 Whiteside, Uel Whiteside, William Harrington, John Dempsey, 
 William L. Whiteside, and John Porter, he called aloud to his 
 numerous followers to return and regain their lost ground, at the 
 same lime seizing his gun which he had surrendered to Capt. 
 Whiteside, determined to wrest it from him ; but he was not a match 
 m strength for the captain, who compelled him to retire with his 
 fleeing band. This little band were now in the heart of the Indian 
 country. Three of the stolen horses were in their possession, a 
 humiliated chief, unarmed, was following up his flying command, 
 eager to»turn the tide of success. They quickly turned towards 
 Whiteside's station, which they reached without delay. The Kicka- 
 poos, chagrined at their discomfiture, followed it up by many pre- 
 datory excursions into the settlements of the whites, and in 1794, in 
 
 retaliation for the death of the son of the chief, killed Thomas 
 Whiteside, by shooting him, and a son of William Whiteside, by 
 tomahawk. Numerous other parties were killed by them to the 
 south of the station, near the boundary line of Monroe and St 
 Clair. Among these the murder of the wife and lour children of 
 McMahon, and capture of self and daughter, was the most cruel 
 exhibition of their savage warfare. McMahon made good his 
 escape the second night after his capture, and returned home to 
 find five fresh made mounds, side by side, underneath which his 
 wife and children had been by kind neighbors buried. The sight 
 moved him greatly, but with Christian fortitude he exclaimed, 
 "they were lovely and pleasant in life, and they are not divided in 
 death." The daughter who was taken prisoner, was ransomed by 
 united efibrts of friends, and lived for many years in what is now 
 O'Fallon precinct. 
 
 Not long after this tragedy, the Whitesides and others made an 
 attack upon the Indians at the foot of the Bluffs, west of Belleville, 
 But one Indian escaped to tell the story of their utter route. Two 
 of the Whitesides were wounded in this fight; but fought with that 
 desperation ever characteristic of them ; the father leading the 
 charge whilst the blood was gushing from his wounds, shouting, 
 " Come on boys, I can fight them yet." 
 
 In 1788 the Kickapoo Indians attacked the settlements in 
 earnest. Pioneers were compelled to carry their rifles with them 
 to their fields, and often had to keep guard at night. It was 
 in the spring of this year that William Biggs was taken prisoner, 
 and John Vallis killed while on their way from BelJefonte to 
 Cahokia. Biggs' treatment at the hands of the Indians was 
 remarkable. They proposed hij adoption into their tribe and 
 giving him the daughter of a brave for a wife. He rejected all 
 offers and was finally ransomed. 
 
 WAR OF 1812. 
 On the 28th of June, 1809, Nicholas Jarrot, of Cahokia, a 
 French patriot, wedded to the American cause, made oath that the 
 British Agents and traders at Prairie du Chien were in.-tigating 
 the Indians to deeds of violence; furnishing them with arms and 
 ammunition, and otherwise preparing them for warfare along the 
 borders of Western civilization. Almost simultaneously word 
 catae of hostile demonstrations along the Wabash. Murders were 
 here and there Committed ; treaties were set at nought; the storm 
 of war was brewing. In the month of April, 1812, Gomo, an 
 Indian chief, heading a deputation made up of representatives 
 from various tribes, met Gov. Edwards, at Cahokia, to negotiate a 
 treaty. The Governor addressed them in a forcible speech. He 
 told them he understood the hostility of the Indians ; laid the 
 blame at the fountain head — with the traders at British outposts ; 
 warned them against their councils ; claimed that Americans only 
 desired peace; told them plainly that the only basis for a treaty 
 would be the delivery of murderers within their ranks (some 
 present had participated in the Chicago massacre) for punishment. 
 The Indians in turn professed sorrow for wrongs done ; declared 
 their inability to deliver up the murderers ; laid the blame upon 
 one of the tribes (the Wiunebagoes) and promised good behaviour. 
 Despite their earnest protestations, and expressed desire for peace, 
 the Indians continued in their depredations. The rangers, for 
 that was the name by which the patriots were known, gathered 
 their families into block-houses for protection, whilst they 
 attempted to raise a little corn for their subsistence with their 
 guns hanging at their sides whilst plowing, ready to protect them- 
 selves against attack. In this county block-houses were occupied 
 at present site of Alma, one near Lebanon, one south from New 
 
126 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Athens, and one in what is now Mascoutah precinct. These were 
 a part of the frontier line of forts extending from a point opposite 
 the mouth of the Missouri, a distance of sixty miles, to the Kas- 
 kaskia, east of the New design, in all twenty-two forts. Spies were 
 instructed to pass daily between these forts, so as to keep up a con- 
 stant line of communication throughout their length. In all, four 
 companies were organized for the defence of Illinois, with William 
 B. Whiteside, James B. Moore, Jacob Short and Samuel White- 
 side as captains. These companies did most efficient service, nerved 
 as they were to deeds of daring, by seeing homes destroyed, and 
 many of their number killed by blood-thirsty savages. Npt alone 
 did St. Clair county furnish many rangers far the defence of their 
 homes, but contributed soldiers who fought at New Orleans and 
 elsewhere. They recognized the British as the cause of all their 
 troubles, and their patriotic ardor led them to strike at the root, 
 and thus remove the cause. Among those from this county as par- 
 ticipants in the war of 1812, were John Brigham, David McKinney, 
 Isaac Griifen, Elijah Hook, B. Bennett, Samuel ^ard, William 
 Phillips, Daniel Phillips, Jeremiah Phillips, John Stout, Eobert 
 Davis, James C. Davis, John Wood, Moses Stout, Samuel Shook, 
 Jacob Carr, John Scott, Alexander Scott, Eobert W. Hughes, Ed-* 
 mund Randle (who had his chin shot off at New Orleans), William 
 Randle, Thomas Shelton, Josiah Shelton, David Everett, John 
 
 Reynolds, Thomas Reynolds, Reynolds, Reuben Lively, 
 
 Nathaniel Hill, Moses Short, William McNail, Ira Manville, Jo- 
 seph Scott, Peter Wright, William Moore, John Journey, Maxey 
 Nichols, William Lemen, Aaron Shuuk, John Mace, Abram Clark, 
 David Hill, James Lively, Benjamin Allen, Thomas Brewer, James 
 Lord, David Phillips, Michael Phelps, James W. Davidson, Geo. 
 W. Moore, Stephen Whiteside, John Rutherford, Jacob Short, 
 Christopher Stout, Jacob Stout, William Wright, Bennett Million, 
 William Whiteside, Nicholas Jarrot, Dr. W. H Bradsby, James 
 Bradsby, Samuel B. Davidson, Joseph Conway, Thomas Higgins, 
 and others. Of these patriots, who were the advance guard upon 
 the borders of western civilization, only two are believed to be 
 living to-day: Ira Manville, old in years, still strong in mind, ever 
 patriotic in sentiment, and David Hill. 
 
 In December, 1814, whilst the command of Captain James B, 
 Moore, about fifty rangers in all, were engaged in guarding a drove 
 of cattle at a grove near Sugar Creek, on the trail leading from 
 Camp Russell" to Peoria, Indians were espied by some of the men, 
 who singled out one of their number, and gave chase. William 
 Hewit, having the fleetest horse, was the first to overtake the 
 Indian, who at once surrendered himself and gun. At this junc 
 ture, John Moredock, who had sworn that he would kill every 
 Indian that ever crossed his path, because of the murder of his 
 father's entire family, save himself, raised his gun' to fire Hewit 
 loudly remonstrated. The Indian wrenched the gun he had just 
 surrendered out of Hewit's grasp, and at the very moment that 
 a ball from Moredock's unerring rifle went crashing through his 
 breast, he fired upon and killed Hewit. 
 
 The parties prominent in this adventure were residents of that 
 part of St. Clair county which was subsequently organized as 
 Monroe. Captain Moore was a most gallant and faithful officer; 
 fearless in the discharge of all duties imposed, and of that class of 
 true patriots honored of all men. The death of Hewit was the last 
 that can properly be classed as among those of the war of 1812. 
 
 BLACK HAWK WAE 
 
 Before entering much into detail of that war, its causes and 
 results, we give to our readers a brief sketch of Black-Hawk, 
 the celebrated warrior, who figured so conspicuously in those cam- 
 
 paigns. Maeuta Mahicatah is the Indian name for Black-Hawk. 
 He was born in the Sauk village in the year 1767, and was an 
 Indian of considerable talent and sagacity, shrewd and eloquent in 
 council ; he, however, deported himself in that demure, grave, and 
 formal manner incident to almost all .Indians It is said he pos- 
 sessed a mind of more than ordinary strength, but slow and plod- 
 ding in its operations. In comparison he could not be classed with 
 the great Indian characters, such as Philip, Brant, Logan, Tecum- 
 seh, and such illustrious men. By the portraits of him now extant, 
 the reader of character will readily ob-^erve in his large, high fore- 
 head and the lines worn by care in his face, massive jaws and com- 
 pressed lips, a character indicative of more than ordinary ability. 
 His ambition was to distinguish himself as a great wariior: yet he 
 was merciful to the weak, the women and children. The only road 
 for an Indian to distinguish himself and bacome a great man, is in 
 war. So soon as he kills an enemy he may paint on his blanket a 
 bloody hand, which will entitle him to a seat in the councils. In 
 1810 and 1811 Black-Hawk and comrades were " nur.'ing their 
 wrath to keep it warm," against the whites. A party of Sacs, by 
 invitation, went to see the prophet at Tippecanoe. They re'urned 
 more angry against the Americans. A party of Winnebagoes had 
 massacred some whites, which excited for murder the Sac band 
 headed by Black-Hawk. A part of his band and some Winneba- 
 goes attacked Fort Madison in 1811, but were repulsed. Black- 
 Hawk headed the Sacs, in this attack. 
 
 In 1812 emissaries from the British arrived at Rock Island with 
 goods, and secured Black-Hawk with five hundred warriors to go 
 with Col. Dixon to Canada. When they reached Green Bay there 
 were assembled there bands of the Ottawas, P.jttawatomi_'S, Winne- 
 bagoes, and Kickapoos, under the command of Col. Dixon. Black- 
 Hawk and band participated in the battles of River Raisin, the 
 Lower Sandusky, and other places, but getting dissatisfied with the 
 hard fighting and small amount of spoils, he, and twenty comrades, 
 left for the Sauk village at Rock Island, where he remained for 
 many years at peace, with the exception of a small battle on the 
 Quiver river settlement in Missouri, in the pre-ent limits of St. 
 Charles county, where one white man and an Indian were killed. 
 
 The principal cause of the Indian troubles in 1831-32, better 
 known as the Black-Hawk war, was the determination of Black- 
 Hawk and his band to remain in their ancient village, located on 
 Rock river, nor far from its junction with the Mississippi. The 
 government having some tira3 previously, by various treaties, pur- 
 chased the village and the whole country from the Sac and Fox 
 tribe of Indians, had some of these lands surveyed, aLd in 1828 
 S')me of the lands in and around the ancient village were S')ld ; the 
 collision between the two races for the possession of the property 
 produced the first disturbance between the Indians and the govern- 
 ment. Seeing that war was inevitable the Governor of Illinois 
 made a call on the militia of the state for seven hundred men on 
 the 26th of May, 1831, and appointed Beardstown, on the Illinois 
 river, as the placa of rendezvous. The call was responded to with 
 that promptness characteristic of the early pioneers of this state. 
 Their habits of life were such that all were familiar with the rifle. 
 After marching eight days, the mounted militia reached a point a 
 few miles below the Sac village on the Mississippi, where they 
 joined the United States forces under Gen. Gaines, and emcamped 
 in the evening. The next morning the forces marched up to the 
 Indian town prepared to give the enemy battle ; but in the night 
 the Indians had escaped and crossed the Mississippi. This ended 
 Black Hawk's bravado, and his determination to die in his ancient 
 village. The number of warriors under his command was estimated 
 at from four to six hundred men. Black Hawk and his band 
 
EI8T0BY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 127 
 
 landed on the west side of the Mississippi, a few miles below Rock 
 Island, and there camped. "Gen. Gaines sent a peremptory order 
 to him and his warriors that if he and his head men did not come 
 to Rock Island and make a treaty of peace, he would march his 
 troops and give him a battle at once. * * * * In a few days Black 
 Hawk and the chiefs and head men to the number of twenty-eight, 
 appeared at Furt Armstrong, and on the 30th of June, 1831, in full 
 council with Gen. Gaines and Governor John Reynolds, signed a 
 treaty of peace." 
 
 THE BLACK-HAWK WAR IN 1882. 
 
 During the winter of '31-32 rumors were rife that Black-Hawk - 
 and his band were dissatisfied, restless, and preparing for mischief. 
 A chief of the Winnebago Indians, who had a village on Rock 
 river, some thirty miles above its confluence with the- Mississippi, 
 joined Black-Hawk, who was located on the west bank of the 
 Father of Waters. The chief had great influence with Black- 
 Hawk and his band. He made them believe that all the tribes on 
 Rock river would join them, and that together they could bid 
 defiance to the whites. By this unwise counsel, Black-Hawk re- 
 solved to recross the river, which he did in the winter of 1832. 
 That move proved to be their destruction. Through his influence 
 and zeal, Black-Hawk encouraged many of the Sacs and Foxes to 
 join him at the head of his determined warriors. He first assem- 
 bled them at old Fort Madison on the Mississippi ; subsequently, 
 marched them up the river to the Yellow Banks, where he pitched 
 his tent April 6tb, 1832. This armed array of savages soon 
 alarmed the settlers, and a general panic spread through the whole 
 frontier, from the Mississippi to Lake Michigan. Many settlers 
 in terror abandoned their homes and farms, and the Governor 
 decided, on the 16th of April, to call out a large number of volun- 
 teers to operate iu conjunction with Gen. Atkinson, who was in 
 command of the regular forces at Rock Island. The Governor 
 ordered the troops to rendezvous at Beardstown on the 22d of 
 April. We give Governor ReynoMs' circular which he addressed 
 to the citizen-soldiers in the crisis then pending : 
 
 '' To the militia of the North western section of the State: 
 
 " Fellow-Citizens : 
 
 '■ Your country requires your services. The Indians have 
 assumed a hostile attitude, and have invaded the state in violation 
 of the treaty of last summer. The British band of Sacs and other 
 hostile Indians, headed by Black-Hawk, are in possession of the 
 Rock river country, to the great terrorof the frontier inhabitants. 
 I consider the settlers on the frontier to be in imminent danger. 
 I am in possession of the above information from gentlemen of re- 
 spectable standing, and also from Gen. Atkinson, whose character 
 s'ands high with all classes. In possession of the above facts, I 
 have hesitated not as to the course I should pursue. No citizen 
 ought to remain inactive wheu his country is invaded, and the 
 helpless part of the community are in danger. I have called out a 
 large detachment of militia to rendezvous at Beardstown on the 
 22d. Provisions for the men and food for the horses will be fur- 
 nished in abundance. I hope my countrymen will realize my ex- 
 pectations, and offer their services, as heretofore, with promptitude 
 and cheerfuliress in defence of their countrymen. 
 
 "John Reynolds." 
 
 To the«stirring appeal of the governor, the patriotic citizens of 
 the state and St. Clair county nobly responded in both campaigns 
 of '31-'32. Many of the best and most prominent men of the 
 county enlisted to protect the frontier and preserve the honor of 
 
 the state, and did signal service in the memorable events of the 
 Black Hawk war. 
 
 Among the citizens of St. Clair county who went out were : 
 Offiuers : Captain Solomon Miller, Lieutenant Aaron Land, 
 Lieutenant Isaac Griffen, all of what is known as the old battalion, 
 commanded by Major N. Buckmaster, in the service of 1831. Col. 
 Samuel C. Christy on Governor Reynolds' staff, as Quartermaster ; 
 Captain William Moore, so chosen after the rendezvous aj; Beards- 
 town, also member of the legislature in 18 J6 ; Major John A. 
 Wakefield, engaged in spy service; Col. Thomas, commander of 
 the third regiment; Capt. Snyder, Lieutenant John Wiu.-itanley, 
 of the same regiment. Lieutenant Joshua W. Hughes, Capi. 
 Gideon Simpson, Cd.pt. Joha Whiteside, Vital Jarrut, Adjutant- 
 General, with rank of Colonel, Richard Roman, Surgeon of the 
 old battalion, and doubtless others whose names are not obtainable. 
 In subordinate capacities were — John Baker, Myram McMillen, 
 Felix Scott, John Peas, Jonathan Moore, Charles Moore, James 
 Reed, Edward Tracewell, Peter Dunn, John WooJ^, Benjamin 
 Woods, William G. Brown, Ninian Edwards, jr., Solomon Teter, 
 John Phillips, David Phillips, Andrew Christy, John Laramie, 
 John Messinger, surveyor for many years, Nathaniel Smith, B. J. 
 Smith, Samuel Smith, Robert Higgins, John Dunlap, Richard 
 Bradsby, Franklin Scott, C. T. Askins, J. B. Needles, Gregory 
 Benjamin Scott, who was killed after Stillman's defeat, whilst 
 searching for water. He was shot through the heart. His head 
 was severed from his body, and never recovered. James Anderson, 
 W. G. Brown, Nathaniel Chambers, William Philips, Jacob 
 Engold, Edward Henry, a colored man from East St. Louis. The 
 names of Capt. John Treodley and Felix Scott might propsrly be 
 introduced here as they served in the Winnebago War, io 1827, as 
 well as had something to do with the Black Hawk. Jeremiah 
 Black, Addison Dingle, went as a substitute for William McClintock, 
 who provided him with a horse and equipments, James McClin- 
 tock, Harbert Patterson and others. 
 
 The force marched to the mouth of Rock river, where Gen. 
 Atkinson received the volunteers into the United States service 
 and assumed command. Black-Hawk and his warriors were still 
 up on the Rock river. 
 
 The army under Atkinson commenced its march up the river on 
 the 9th of May. Gov. Reynolds, the gallant " Old Ranger, ' re- 
 mained with the army, and the President recognized him as a 
 major-general, and he was paid accordingly. His presence in the 
 army did much toward harmonizing and conciliating those jeal- 
 ousies which generally exist between volunteers and regular troops. 
 Major John A. Wakefield and Col. Ewing acted as spies for a time 
 . iu the campaign of '32, to discover the locattion of the enemy, if 
 possible. A Mr. Kinney acted as guide for them ; he understood 
 the Sac dialect. On the 14th of May, 1832, Major Stillman's com- 
 mand had a sort of running battle with the Indians at or near 
 what is now known as Stillman's run, a small, sluggish stream. In 
 the engagement eleven white men and eight Indians were killed. 
 Black-Hawk and warriors fought with the spirit born of despera- 
 tion. Black-Hawk says in his book that he tried at Stillman's run 
 to call back his warriors, as he thought the whites were making a 
 sham retreat in order to draw him into an ambuscade of the whole 
 army under General Whiteside. The hasty retreat and rout of 
 Stillman and his army was, in a measure demoralizing to the entire 
 forces. Undoubtedly the cause of the defeat was a lack of disci- 
 pline. When Gov. Reynolds learned of the disaster of Major Still- 
 man, he at once ordered out two thousand additional volunteers. 
 With that promptitude characteristic of the old "War Governor," 
 he wrote out by candle-light on the evening of Stillman's defeat, 
 
128 
 
 ins TOE 7 OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the order for the additional troop?, and by daylight dispatched 
 John Ewing, Robert Blackwell, and John A. \' akefield to distri- 
 bute the order to the various cjuiiiies. The volunteers again 
 promptly responded ; however, the soldiers from this county did 
 but little fighting. Ou the 10th of July the army disbanded for 
 want of provisions. Gan. Sc )tt arrived soon after with a large 
 force at the post of Chicago, to effect if possible a treaty with the 
 Indians. Small detachments of Black-Hawk's warriors would per- 
 sistently hang on the outskirts of the main body of the army, thieve 
 and plunder, and pounce upon and kill the lonely sentinel or strag- 
 gling soldier. On the 15th of July the soldiers were reviewed, and 
 those incapable of duty were discharged and returned home. Po- 
 quette, a half-breed, and a Winnebago chief, the " White Pnwnee," 
 were selected for guides to the camp of Black-Hawk and band. 
 Several battles and skirmishes occurred with the enemy, the prin- 
 cipal of which was on the banks of the Mississippi, where the 
 warriors fought with great desperation. Over one hundred and 
 fifty were killed in the engagement, and large numbers drowned in 
 attempting to swim the river. After the battle the volunteers were 
 marched to Dixon, where they were discharged. 
 
 Immediately after tbeir discharge, hostilities on the part of the 
 Indians were re-opened, and Gov. Reynolds called for twenty days 
 volunteers from among the discharged men for the protection of 
 the frontier settlements. Many promptly responded, and a regiment 
 was organized with Jacob Fry as Colonel, James D. Henry, Lieut. 
 Colonel, and John Thomas as Major. A part of the company of 
 Captain A. W. Snyder made a temporary stand at Kellog's Grove, 
 a small tract of timber in Lasalle county, seventeen miles north- 
 east from Ottawa. Near the grove, Scott and McDaniel, soldiers 
 from this county, were killed. The facts, briefly stated wore, Capt. 
 Snyder and company, in all twenty-five men, watched the move- 
 ments of the Indians, and came upon them when within two or 
 three miles of the grove concealed in a ravine. The company 
 rushed on them with caution from tree to tree. Macorusen seeing 
 one of the Indians exposed prepared to shoot him, but was too late. 
 The Indian shot first, and he was mortally wounded. Vengeance 
 was swift and the Indians, five in number, were killed. A litter 
 was made whereon to carry the wounded men. Soon they com- 
 plained of thirst. Drs. Roman, Jarrot and Cornelius, with Benja- 
 min Scott and McDaniel started down a ravine in search of water. 
 On their way they were fired upon by ambushed Indians, and Scott 
 and McDaniel were instantly killed. The Indians were so close 
 that their faces were powder burned. How the three doctors made 
 their escape was miraculous. Before preparations could be con- 
 summated for wreaking vengeance upon the Indians, they had fled, 
 and ou the 19th of jTine, 1832, the twenty days' men were dis- 
 charged. This ended the campaign and the Black-Hawk war. 
 
 At the battle of the Pad Axe, Blf.ck-Hawk ar.d Fome (f his 
 warriors escaped the Americans, and went up the Wi.-consin 
 riv(r, but subsequently surrendered himself. Fort Armstrong, on 
 Rock Island, was the [)!ace appointed where a treaty would be made 
 with thd Indian-!, but before it was effected that dreadful scourge, 
 the cholera of '32, visited not only the regular army, depleting its 
 ranks far more rapidly than the balls of the Indians had done, but 
 it al-o sought out its many victims in the dusky bands of the Black- 
 Hawk tribe. 
 
 On the 15th September, 1832, a treaty was made with the Win- 
 nebago Indians. They sold out all their lands in Illinois and all 
 .«outh of the Wisconsin river and west of Green bay, and the govern- 
 ment gave them a large district of country west of the Mississippi, 
 and ten thousand dollars a year for seven years, besides providing 
 free schools for their children for twenty years, oxen, agricultural 
 implements, etc., etc. 
 
 September 21st, 1832, a treaty was made with all the Sac and 
 Fox tribes, on which they ceded to the United States the tract of 
 country, on which a few years afterwards the State of Iowa was 
 formed. In consideration of the above cession of lands, the govern- 
 ment gave them an annuity of twenty thousand dollars for thirty 
 years, forty kegs of tobacco and forty barrels of salt, more gun- 
 smiths, blacksmith shop, etc., etc., six thousand bushels of corn for 
 immediate support, mostly intended for the Black-Hawk band. 
 
 The treaties above mentioned terminated favorably, and the se- 
 curity resulting therefrom gave a new and rapi<l impetus to the 
 development of the state, and now enterprising towns and villages, 
 and beautiful farms, adorn the rich and alluvial prairies that before 
 were only desecrated by the wild bands who inhabited them. 
 Agricultural pursuits, commerce and manufactures, churches and 
 schools, are lending their influence to advance an intelligent and 
 pro.sperous people. 
 
 THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 In the war with Mexico in 1846-47, Illinois furnished six regi- 
 ments of men, as follows : First regiment, commanded by Col. John 
 J. Hardin; Second regiment, commanded by Col. William H. 
 Bissell; Third regiment, commanded by Ferris Forman ; Fourth 
 regiment, commanded by Colonel Edward D. Baker ; Fifth regi- 
 ment, commanded by Col. James Collins ; Sixth regiment, com- 
 manded by Col. Edward W. Newby. 
 
 We subjoin a roster of the men of St. Clair county. In the war 
 with Mexico her brave sons did their duty like gallant soldiers, and 
 by their heroism shed additional lu.ster on the patriotism of their 
 county and state. The Col. of the Second regiment, William H. 
 Bissell, after his return from the war, was elected governor of the 
 state, and many of the other men from this county, who served in 
 that war, have attained prominence and distinction. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF, SECOND (2d) REGIMENT, 
 ILIiTNOIS VOLUNTEERS — MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 Organized by Colonel William H. Bissell, at Alton, 
 Illinois, in the month of June, 1846. Discharged 
 June 18th, 1847. 
 
 "" Colonel : 
 
 William H. Bissell, elected from Captain of Co. '' G,' 
 2d Begt., 111. Vol., June 30, '46. 
 Lieutenant Colonel: 
 James L. D. Morrison, elected from Co. '' H," 2d 
 Regt., 111. Vol., July 11, '46. 
 Major ; 
 Xerxes F. Trail, elected from Co. " I," 2J Kegt., III. 
 Vol., July 1, '46. 
 
 Adjutant : 
 Augniitu.sG. Whiteside, First Lieutenant & Adjutant 
 appointed from Co. " 1,'' July 1, '46 Wounded in 
 Battle Feb 23, '47, at Buena Vista, Mexico. 
 
 Surgeon : 
 Edward B. Price, appointed by the President of the 
 United Slates, July 7, '46. 
 
 Ser giant Major : 
 Christinn H. Ketler, appointed from 1st Sergeant, 
 Co. " H," 2d Regt. Was wounded in buttle at Buena 
 Vista, Mexico, Feb. 23, '47. 
 
 Quarter Master Sergeant : 
 Nelson S. Moore, appointed from Serg't. '' I,'' March 
 15, '47. Discharged on account of wounds received 
 at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, '47. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " G." 
 Organized at Belleville, St. Clair county, Illinois, 
 in the month of May, 1846. Mustered into serviceof 
 the United States at Alton, Illinois, in the month of 
 June, '46. Discharged June 16, '47. 
 
 Captain : 
 Joseph K. Lemen, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 First Lieutenant : 
 Jacob C. Hinkley, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Second Lieutenants : 
 
 1. Gilbert F. McFarland, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 2. Andrew J. Miller, elected from private Dec. 17, 
 '46. Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 First Sergeant : 
 William Westfield, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 John Trincher, 
 James L. Roman, 
 Joseph Penn, 
 
 William S Peck, 
 James L Garretson 
 James G. Abbott, 
 James Ga.ston, 
 
 Sergeants : 
 mustered out Jnne 18. '47. 
 
 Corporals : 
 mustered out June 18, '47, 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 129 
 
 Musician : 
 James H. Beach, mustered out June 18, '47 
 
 Privates : 
 Benson, William V., mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Brown, Mathew W., " " " 
 
 Bragg, Solomon, '' " '' " 
 
 Bragg, Thomas, " '' " " 
 
 Blair, Peter W., 
 
 Boone, Daniel, '' " '' " 
 
 Clark, John, " " " 
 
 Evans, John D. Absent sick at San Antonio at M. 
 
 O. ofEeg't. 
 Forquer, Eli, mustered out June, 18, '47. 
 
 Fishter, Joseph, ' 
 
 Friedlander, William, " '' " 
 
 Green, Mahlon, ' 
 
 Gelrricks, Daniel W-, " 
 
 Glenn, Alexander, " " " " 
 
 Gallagher, Arthur J., Hospital Steward, M. O. June 
 
 16, '47. 
 Gaskill, Clayton, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Goree, JohnC, 
 Holbert, David W., 
 
 Hammond, Willis M. " " 
 
 Hill, Thomas, " " " 
 
 Hornett, JohnM. O, 
 
 Hall, Robert, 
 
 James, Langsrorth, '' " " ' 
 
 Keriz, Gen. Lafayeite, " " '' " 
 Kennedy, John J., " " " 
 
 Long, Thomas, 
 
 Lockhart, Gideon, " " " " 
 
 Lee, George F., " '■ " 
 
 MoKenzie, Calvin, " " " « 
 
 MuLain, Allen, wounded in battle, Feb. 23, '47, at 
 Buena Vista, Mexico. Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Miller, Bobert C, Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Million, Wm. K.. ' " 
 
 McNail, Pieraon W., " " " " 
 Murray, William, " " " " 
 
 MoKenzie, Elias, " " " " 
 
 McKinney, Marcus E , " " " '• 
 Manin, Hi-nry, " " '• '' 
 
 Nelson, John S., " " " 
 
 Owing, Washington, " " " " 
 
 Parks, Joseph M., •' " " " 
 
 Reaves, Samuel, " '' " " 
 
 Randleman Joel, absent on detached service. Act. A. 
 
 C.S. 
 Stuart, Charles H., Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Steele, Andrew J., '' " '' " 
 
 Shael, James, " " " 
 
 Sterling, Henry C, " " " " 
 
 Thomas, Samuel K., '' " " " 
 
 Teters, David W.. " " " " 
 
 Tunstall, James M., " " " " 
 
 Wood, Alfred, " " " 
 
 Wiley, Joseph, wounded in battle Buena Vista, Feb. 
 
 23, '47. Mustered out June 18. '47. 
 Walker, James. Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Discharged : 
 Welton, Aaron B. at Buena Vista, by order of Gen. 
 Wool, by reason of employment in Q. M. Dpt. 
 May 8 
 Welton, Guilford M. at Buena Vista, by reason of 
 joining Capt. Meyer's!!; Co. of Mo. Vol. May 28. 
 Deaths : 
 Cheek, Allen, died at Buena Vista, April 2. 
 Lewi's, John, " " Saltillo, May 3. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " H," 
 Second Regiment, 111. Vol., Mexican War. Organized 
 at Belleville, St. Clair county. 111., in the m(mth of 
 May, 1846. Mustered inlo the service of the United 
 States at Alton, 111., on the 16th dajof June, 1846. 
 
 Captain : 
 Julius Raith, mu-tered out June 16, '47. 
 
 First Lieutenant : 
 Nathaniel Niles, discharged at Buena Vista, May 31, 
 '47, by order of Gen. Wool. 
 
 S eond Lieutenants : 
 1. Adolphus Engelman, wound, absent on furlough 
 from May 23, '47, till expiration of term of service. 
 4. Louis Stock, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 First Sergeant: 
 Charles A. Fritz, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 17 
 
 Sergeants : 
 R bert Morrison, absent on furlough from May 31, 
 
 '47, till expiration of term of service. 
 Corporals: 
 Adolphus Schlotterback, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Charles Gooding, " ' " " 
 
 Adam Ermig, " " " " 
 
 H. W. Waldermann, " " " " 
 
 Musicians : 
 Gabriel W. Cox, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Jacob Kuebli, " " " 
 
 Privates : 
 Alexander, Tucker, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Buker, John Ph., " " 
 
 Buker, Urban, " " " •' 
 
 Berry, John, " •' " 
 
 Berdoux, Charles, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 
 
 '47. Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Buyatte, Lewis, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Bridges, Charles, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 
 
 '47. Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Busch, Hermann, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Broomfield, William, 
 
 Burg, Valentine, " " " " 
 
 Clark, John, " " " " 
 
 Clemeu, Charles, " '' " " 
 
 Doer, Jacob, " " " ' '' 
 
 Edward, F. C. 
 
 Estes, George, " '' '' " 
 
 Erhard, William, " " " '' 
 
 Ehinger, Augu.-tus, " '' " " 
 
 Funk, Valentine, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 
 
 '47 ; mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Frank, Jacob, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Francis, James, " " " " 
 
 Feldraeier, William, wounded a^ Buena Vista, Feb. 
 
 23, '47 ; mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Gerhard, John, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, '47. 
 
 Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Gerstenschlaeger, Jacob, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Gollinger, John, 
 
 Hantz, Joseph, ' ' 
 
 King, William, ' 
 
 Knight, John, ' ' 
 
 Kirk, F. M., 
 
 Lambert, Casper, " " " _ '' 
 
 Ledergerber, Joseph, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb. 
 
 23, '47 ; mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Maurer, Nic, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Meyer. John G. 
 
 McDonal, Daniel, absent on furlough May 31, '47j 
 Bice, George, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Roberts, Charles, 
 Ronneberg, Fritz, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 
 
 '47 ; mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Reeves, William, mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Scheel, Maximilus, absent on furlough May 31, '47. 
 Scheurer, John mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Schnebelin, Michael, ' 
 
 Schloesinger, Henry, " '' " " 
 
 Talbert, James, wounded at Btiena Vista, Feb. 23, 
 
 '47 ; mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Trantwein, Charles H. mustered out June 18, '47. 
 Trantwein, Ph. John, " . " " " 
 
 Traenkle, Conrad, wounded at Buena Vista, Feb 23, 
 
 '47. Mustered out June 18, '47. 
 
 Todd, Jackson, " 
 
 Upbmann, Hermann, " " '' " 
 
 Voelker. George, " '' " " 
 
 Wedkind, Erich.C. 
 
 Wilver, David, " " '• '] 
 
 West, James, '' '' 
 
 Wolf, John, 
 Wissenborn, John C. " " " 
 
 Discharged : 
 Cominski, Charles, Serg't., discharged May 31, '47, 
 
 by order of Gen. Wool. 
 Baker, Daniel, Private, discharged May 31, '47, by 
 
 order of Gen. Wool. 
 Deuker, John, Private, discharged May 31, 47, by 
 
 order of Gen. Wool. 
 Krus", William, Private, discharged May 31, 47, by 
 
 order of Gen. Wool. ,.n u 
 
 Kurkman, Noble, Private discharged May 31, 47, by 
 
 order of Gen. Wool. 
 Newell, J. H. f on stirgeon's certificate of dis- 
 
 Quenly, Abraham, \ ability at Saltillo, March 2&, 
 Wolf, Philip, (. 1847. 
 
 Died : 
 Leutzinger, John, in H )3pital at S iltillo, Mxy 7, '47 
 Kuchfus, John, killed bjtweeu Saltillo and Camp 
 Buena Viata, April 15, '47. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF, SIXTH REGIMENT, ILLINOIS 
 VOLS., MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 Organized by Edward W. B. Newby at Alton, Illinois, 
 In the month of June, 1847. Discharged October 
 16, 1848. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 William H. Snyder, 1st Lieut. Capt. Hook's Company. 
 
 Surgeon, 
 Daniel Turney, appointed by the president. 
 
 Assistant Surgeons. 
 Thomas B. Lester, 
 James D. Robinson. 
 
 ■MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A, SIXTH REGIMENT, 
 
 ILLINOIS VOLS. 
 Mexican war recruits (to Thomas Bond's company of 
 Clinton county), Aug. 16, 1847. 
 Privates. 
 Greenlee, Elihu, mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 Hunt, Joel, " " " " 
 
 Myatt, Albert, " " " " 
 
 Phillipps, Joseph, " " " " " 
 
 Phillipps, Francis, " " " " " 
 
 Sharp, William H., " " " " " 
 
 Woddle, Sylvester, " " " " " 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E, SIXTH REGIMENT, 
 ILLINOIS VOLS. 
 
 Organized at Belleville, St. Clair county, Illinois, in 
 . the month of May, 1847. Mustered into the ser- 
 vice of the United States at Alton, 111., on the 26th 
 day of May, 1847. Honorably discharged on the 
 14th day of October, 1848, at Alton, 111. 
 Captain, 
 
 G. W. Hook, mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 First Lieutenant, 
 
 William H. Snyder, promoted adjutant. 
 Second Lieutenants, 
 
 Enoch Luckey, mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 
 Robert Peer, promoted from sergeant, Dec. 28, 1847. 
 First Sergeant, 
 
 William H. Bennett, mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 Sergeants, 
 
 William S. Flemming, mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 
 Thomas J. Aliff, " " " " 
 
 James A. Etter, " " " " " 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 John R. Parker, mustered out October 16, 1848. 
 
 John A. J. Bragg, " " " " " 
 Musicians. 
 
 Benjamin T. Jones, mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 
 Stephen Cooper, " " 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Boyd, William R., mustered out Oct. 16, 1848. 
 
 Bonham, .lames, " ," 
 
 Briggs, Charles, " " 
 
 Brazewell, George A., " " 
 
 Badgly, Abijah, " " 
 
 Beattie, Francis H., " " 
 
 Beavers, Charles W., " 
 
 Collard, John C. C, '• 
 
 Carlisle, James W., 
 
 Cookingham, Uri J., " " 
 
 Cobienger, Joseph, " " 
 
 Crocker, George W., " " 
 
 Due, John P., " " 
 
 Deabalt, John, 
 
 Deitrlch, Andrew, " " 
 
 Dingle, Jonathan, " " 
 
 Drew, William, 
 
 Fitzgerald, James, " " 
 
 Gibbens, John, " " 
 
 Harlon, Thomas F., " " 
 
 Heath, William H., 
 
 Hendrick, Thomas J., " 
 
 Hawkins, General L., " 
 
 Kable, Nicholas, 
 
 Koekler, Henry, 
 
 K-imble, John, " " 
 
130 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 '68. 
 
 Lacy, Franklin, mustered out Oct. 16, 
 
 Lunceford, Isaac, " " " " 
 
 Lawrence, George, " " " " 
 
 Mottzfelt, John, ' " 
 
 Majors, Huling, " " " " 
 
 Peck, John Q. A., " " " " 
 
 Poison, Richard, " " " " 
 
 Rung, Jacob, " " " " 
 
 Bussel, Robert R., " " " " 
 
 Shefter, George T., " " " " 
 
 Stattman, Franklin, " " " " 
 
 Smith, Oziel G., " " " " 
 
 Sterrick, Charles T., " " " " 
 
 Triplett, 'William, " " " " 
 
 Talbot, Jesse, " " " " 
 
 Whiteside, Joseph, " " " " 
 
 WooUey, William A.j " " " " 
 
 West, Frederick, " " " " 
 
 Wheeler, Martin, " " " " 
 
 Warton, Samuel, " " " " 
 
 Webb, Adams, " " " " 
 
 Weisenbach, George, " " " " 
 
 Died. 
 
 Andrew J. Davis, corp'l, died Las Vegas, N. M., Apr. 
 
 13, 1848. 
 Josiah Mullen, corp'l, died Las Vegas, N. M., Feb. 9, 
 
 1848. 
 Thomas H. Crabb, died at Alton, 111., June 11, 1847. 
 William Turner, died at Cedar Spring, Aug. 28, 1847. 
 Francis M. Earl, died at Santa Fe, N. M., Oct. 15, '47. 
 
 Jesse W. Crocker, 
 
 Charles B. Berry, " 
 
 William Lively, " 
 
 Thomas Gascil. " 
 Theodore Vandyke, ' 
 
 John Maxwell, ' 
 
 William Bragg, ' 
 
 Thomas J. Allen, ' 
 
 ■ Las Vegas, 
 
 Discharged. 
 
 Oct. 19, '47. 
 Nov. 7, '47. 
 Dec. 12, '47. 
 Dec. 30, '47. 
 Jan. 12, '48. 
 Feb. 7, '48. 
 Feb. 9, '48. 
 Feb. 19, '48. 
 
 Thomas J. Ward, disch'd Las Vegas, serg't, disability. 
 Knowles VanorsdoU, disch'd at Fort Leavenworth, 
 
 July 7, '47, disability. 
 John W. Swift, disch'd at Las Vegas, N. M., April 26, 
 
 1848, disability. 
 Tilman Huzley, disch'd at Las Vegas, N. M., April 26, 
 
 1848, disability. 
 Frederic Spannhorst, disch'd at Las Vegas, N. M., 
 
 April 26, 1848, disability. 
 Coe W. Case, disch'd at Santa Fe, N. M., May 27, 
 
 1848, disability. 
 
 Deserted. 
 
 William Christian, June 16, 1847, at Alton, 111. 
 John W. Forquer, June 19, 1847, at Alton, 111. 
 Robert Lincoln, Apr. 13, 1847, Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 
 
 Transferred. 
 James Reed, to Company "B," June 27, 1847. 
 
 THE WAB FOE THE UNION. 
 
 The purpose of the succeeding article is to 
 give, in as succinct form as possible, a record 
 of the patriotic deeds performed by the sons 
 of St. Clair county for the integrity of the 
 great American Republic, and in defence of 
 the broad principles of justice and humanity, 
 underlying the foundations of our govern- 
 ment. As the revolutionary struggle was 
 waged for the birth of the nation ; the war of 
 1^12, for the rights of American seamen; so 
 the war for the Union wa? fought in defence 
 of the nearest and dearest rights of humanity, 
 rjghts forever crystallized in those golden 
 word?, " All men are created equal," and 
 equally entitled to "life, liberty and the pursuit 
 of happiness." The nation was convulsed with 
 
 the shock of civil war, and the world paused to 
 witness the grandest contest of modern times. 
 In such a conflict, when the life of a great 
 nation was in the balance, there could be no 
 neutral ground, and the states that in the in- 
 ception of the war, attempted to pursue such 
 a policy, were quickly drawn into the angry 
 whirlpool of bloody strife. At the very outset, 
 the great state of Illinois leaped into the 
 martial arena like a fiery giant, and her 
 patriotic names soon became emblazoned 
 high up on the scroll of fame. When the 
 guns of treason, aimed at the flag of liberty, 
 on the memorable 12th of April, 1861, 
 belched forth their murderous missiles, their 
 traitorous tones resounded through our state, 
 and echoed along the far-oft" seaboards. A 
 new crisis of the nation was at hand, one that 
 was to try men's souls at the altar of their 
 common country. Scarcely had the proclama 
 tion of President Lincoln, calling for 75,000 
 volunteers, been issued, when the noble sons 
 of this county, abandoning for the time their 
 various civil pursuits, responded to the call, 
 and rallied around the flag of their country. 
 Of the 225,300 soldiers accredited to the 
 state during the war, St. Clair county fur- 
 nished 4,396, besides large numbers that 
 crossed the liver, and entered Missouri regi- 
 ments. 
 
 Not only among the native born, but espe- 
 cially among the German citizens of. the 
 county, did the spirit of patriotism beat high, 
 and the glorious names of Hecker, Koerner, 
 Ruefther, Wangelin, and thousands of otht rs, 
 natives of the great "Fatherland," will live 
 in memory as long as the republic shall en- 
 dure. 
 
 Unlike the foreign soldiers of Cyrus, or the 
 hireling hordes that followed Xerxes into 
 Greece, die Deuischen soldoien of this county, 
 as of all parts of our common country, 
 marched to battle with no mercenary motives, 
 but fired with the deep love of liberty and 
 their adopted country, so characteristic of the 
 German people. In this connection it is but 
 just to mention particularly the name of Col. 
 Gustavus Koerner, who was honored by 
 President Lincoln with the commission, as 
 Colonel of volunteers, and the appointment 
 was promptly confirmed by the U. S. Senate. 
 Col. Koerner was afterward transferred to 
 the staff of Gen. Halleck, and performed 
 patriotic services during the war. 
 
 The citizens of St. Clair county have just 
 cause to feel proud that in every war of the 
 republic, including the Revolution, the blood 
 of her noble sons has been spilled in every 
 battle-field, from Saratoga to Appomattox, a 
 record of valorous deeds, monuments more 
 lasting than marble, more enduring than 
 brass. 
 
 We subjoin a brief history of the regiment, 
 and a roster of soldiers credited to the county. 
 
 NINTH INFANTRY. 
 
 (^Three years' service.)* 
 Within a week from the issuing of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln's proclamation, in April, 1861, 
 calling for 75,000 volunteers, to serve three 
 months, to maintain and enforce the national 
 authority, St. Clair county sent six full com- 
 panies, Madison county three, and Mont- 
 gomery county one company to Springfield, 
 Illinois. April 25th, 1861, these companies 
 were mustered into the service of the United 
 States, for three months, and numbered the 
 Ninth Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers. 
 This regiment, by re-organization and re-en- 
 listment, remained in the service until the 
 surrender of all the Confederate armies. It 
 participated in some of the most memorable 
 and sanguinary battles of the war. It led in 
 advance of Sherman's march to the sea, and 
 thence north to the Confederate surrender in 
 North Carolina ; and it took part, in all, in one 
 hundred and ten engagements. 
 
 As originally organized, at Springfield, it 
 contained a great part of the best youths of 
 St. Clair county. About one-half of the regi- 
 ment V as German-Americans, and the others, 
 native Americans, with a sprinkling of other 
 nationalities. The larger portion of the men 
 having enlisted from St. Clair county, its his- 
 tory finds a proper place in this volume. 
 
 Immediately after the completion of the or- 
 ganization the regiment was ordered to Cairo, 
 Illinois, to forestall the threatened occupation 
 of the place by Confederate forces, and re- 
 mained there until the end of the first term of 
 its enlistment. It took part in no events of 
 importance during this period. Saving occa- 
 sional scouts into Missouri, nothing occurred 
 to break the monotony of camp life. No 
 uniforms were issued during this term, and the 
 full-dress of the officers and men consisted of 
 such costumes as their fancy suggested, or the 
 patriotism of their home authorities had sup- 
 plied. The time was principally spent in 
 drilling and fitting the men for active service. 
 The three months term of service expired July 
 25th, 1861, and the regiment was mustered 
 out on that day at Cairo. At this time an 
 attack on Cairo, was daily expected, and as 
 no troops could be spared elsewhere to take 
 the place of those discharged, an appeal was 
 made to the men mustered out, to remain and 
 reorganize for three years service. This was 
 accordingly done; while a part returned home, 
 the greater number immediately re-enlisted. 
 It was mustered into United States service 
 
 * We are under obligations to General \V. C. 
 KuefFner, of Belleville, for data furnished for the 
 compilation of the history of this regiment. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 131 
 
 for three years, by Capt. Pritcher, U. S. A., 
 July 26th, 1861.* 
 
 A uniform was now for the first time fur- 
 nished. As the regulation blue could not be 
 obtained, a gray suit was supplied by the state, 
 and worn until after the battle of Fort Don- 
 elson, when it was discarded on account of 
 its similarity to the Confederate uniform. 
 During the three months service, Gen. Pren- 
 tiss, had been in comraaud, at Cairo, but soon 
 after the re-organization General Grant ap- 
 peared on the scene. 
 
 Sept. 5th, 1861, the regiment was ordered 
 to Paducah, where it remained, and with 
 several brigades under command of Gen. C. 
 F. Smith, held the position until the opening 
 of the campaign in February, 1862. Here 
 the time of the regiment was spent in hard 
 drilling and reconnoitering the surrounding 
 country, which was infested with hostile bands 
 of ConCederates. Companies B, H, and I, of 
 the 9th, each filled up by volunteers to one 
 hundred men, under command of Maj. J. J. 
 Phillips, embarked by steamer up the Cum- 
 berland, and marched to Saratoga, Ky., where 
 at sunrise they surprised and attacked a force 
 of 200 rebel c ivalry, killing and wounding a 
 number of the enemy, and captured their 
 camp, horses, a lot of arms, and about twenty 
 prisoners. The loss of the 9th was light ; Cap- 
 tain Kiieff'ner, of company B, slightly, and 
 corporal Gribling, of same company, and pri- 
 vate Gatewood, of Co K, severely wounded- 
 This was the first fight in which any part of 
 the regiment had been engaged. 
 
 In the mean time Col. Payne had been ap- 
 pointed Brig. General ; Lieut. Colonel Mersy, 
 Colonel ; Major Phillips, Lieut. Colonel, and 
 Capt. Kuhn, Major. February 4th, 1862, the 
 9th was ordered up the Tennessee river to 
 Fort Henry ; on the following day, landed 
 five miles below the fort, and on the 6th 
 marched up on the opposite side of the river, 
 and participated in the combined operations 
 of the fleet and the army, which resulted in 
 the capture of Fort Henry. February 12th, 
 crossed the Tennessee and joined the army in 
 the march against Fort Donelson. Colonel 
 McArthur's brigade, to which the 9th regiment 
 belonged, formed a part of General C. F. 
 Smith's Division. Was detached to the sup- 
 port of the First Division, commanded by 
 Brigadier General McClernand, and was en- 
 gaged in the right of our army during Satur- 
 day, February 15th, where the most severe 
 fighting took place. This regiment had eight 
 companies engaged in this action, numbering 
 
 *We have not given the roster of the officers and 
 men who served in the three months term, as the 
 Adjnlant General's Report does not give their resi- 
 dence, hence we are unable to determine those from 
 St. Clair connty. 
 
 about six hundred men; company " H " being 
 absent on provost duty, and company " A " 
 detached to support a battery on another part 
 of the field. After the unconditional surren- 
 der of the fort, which General Grant had de 
 manded, the Ninth, together with the Second 
 Iowa regiment, was awarded the honor of first 
 entering the Confederate Stronghold. There 
 is no mention in any ofiicial report of the part 
 Col. McArthur's Brigade took in this action, 
 though it did the fiercest fighting on the field. 
 The regiment lost in this engagement, 38 
 men killed on the field, and 179 wounded. A 
 number of those wounded, subsequently died. 
 The following is a list of the killed and 
 
 wounded : 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Wouniied, Captains .Joseph G, Rohinson of Co. "I," 
 and Rudolphus Beckier of Co. "D," First Lieutenants 
 Hamilton Lieber of Co. " B," William Britt of Co. 
 " F," and .John S. Tutton of Co. " G." Total, 5. 
 
 Enlisted Men. 
 
 Co.iipany " B," killed: corporals Frank Zugen- 
 bueliler and John Dettweiler. Privates killed : Mar- 
 tin Benkeit, Jacob Eiorkuss, Henry Gonnermann, 
 Henry Herwig, Christian Koch, Albert Neumann and 
 Michael Zech. Wounde.l : sergeants Louis Grieser 
 and John Sclimidt, corporal John Schaab, privates 
 Adolph Aide, Peter Bauer, John Berger, Joseph 
 Cropp, Charles Daehnert, Albert Conner, Michael 
 Fath, Joseph Gantner, Paul Geist, Julius Hoffmann, 
 John Krieger, Charles Lobe, Frederick Menne, Louis 
 Messerschmidt, Herman Moser, Joseph Oberfell, Si- 
 mon Pohn, William Schlott, Henry Schneider, Anton 
 Schwarzkopf, Frederick Sensel, Henry Weber, Daniel 
 Werner, Christian Wickermann. Total, killed, 9 ; 
 wounded, 28. 
 
 Company " C," killed : privates, Lorenz Bcersig 
 and Heinrich Hillmann. Wounded : corporal Charles 
 King, privates Henry Arndt, George Fichter, John 
 Grauss, Christopher Klein, William Miller, John Pietz, 
 Adam Resoh, John Riedel, Adam Summons, Henry 
 Schmidt, William Vagt, Peter Weis. Total, killed, 2; 
 wounded, 13. 
 
 Company "T>." Nineteen enlisted men in this 
 company were wounded ; but a list of the same can- 
 not be obtained. 
 
 Company " E," killed: privates Cassius C.Atchi- 
 son and James Dyer. Wounded : corporals John A. 
 Gilmore and Frank M. Tillotson, privates John Beatty, 
 John A. J. Bragg, Russell W. Cool, David M. Dur- 
 ham, William Evens, Michael Farley, John Fletcher, 
 Dennis C. Frothingham, James B, Gilmore, George 
 M. Gilmore, Simon Hager, Joseph B. Jones, William 
 P. Kelley, John Kimberlin, F, M, Mooie, Francis J, 
 Murphy, George Snyder, John Tell, William G, Trip- 
 lett. Total, killed, 2 ; wounded, 21, 
 
 Company " F," killed: privates, David N. Ashton 
 and Constant C, Rowland. Wounded: sergeants 
 Thomas C. Kidd and Andrew J. Webster, corporal 
 Andrew J. White, privates Harlow Bossett, George 
 W. Campbell, Elnathan Cory, John W. Dye, William 
 M. Ellis, Joseph L. Garnett, James Getty, James 
 Hickes, Nathan Lynch, George McLaish, John Rank, 
 Eli T. Singleton, Richard C. Scott, Thomas L. Wallace, 
 Fraflk X. Wagner. This is not a complete list, the 
 records of the company having been destroyed. Total, 
 killed, 2 ; wounded, 19- . t v 
 
 Company "G," killed: privates, Benjamin Jacob, 
 Emsley Walker, James Wilhelm, Wounded : privates, 
 Columbus C. Akin, N, G. Brown, James M, Brown, 
 John Collier, James Cureton, William B, Dubois, Wil- 
 liam R. Gore, JamQS M. Hampton, William J, Hagler, 
 James E, Mason, Thomas J, Pleasant, John A. btot- 
 lan, Joseph H. Wattey, Jacob WiUhelm, John J. 
 White. Total, killed, 3 ; wounded, 16. 
 
 Company "H," Absent at Paducah as provost 
 
 ^"company "I," killed: privates, James M.Johnson, 
 Augustus Kluge, George W. Kinder, Charles Lomeyer, 
 DeSnis Lane, Alonzo Livingston, Hugh McMahon, 
 John K. McKinney, Charles McDermott, George W, 
 
 Moore, Joseph P, Stevenson, David Williams. Wound- 
 ed : sergeants George Woodbury and William W. Jar- 
 vis, corporals Robert R. Swain, John G, Irwin, Ferdi- 
 nand A, Cornmann, privates William Baird, John 
 Baird, Daniel G. Bieyfogle, James G. Ballard, Zacha- 
 riah Burgess, Aaron C. Bardon, Josephus Crews, 
 George W, Clark, Charles E. Dayton, Emanuel Davis, 
 John Elliott, Henry Fitzsimmons, Theodore Fisher, 
 Heaston Fuller, John Graham, James Hanratty, Wm. 
 S, Helms, David Johnson, David Kyle, George Lent, 
 George Lawson, Samuel Morehead, James, Mitchel, 
 Charles S. Patton, Samuel Read, John 11, Vanhooser, 
 William T, Wilson. Total, killed, 12 , wounded. 34, 
 
 Company "K," killed: corporal Walter Walsh, 
 privates Reuben M, Anderson, Andrew J, Burton, 
 Charles Casebeer, John Emery, Joshua Hazelwood, 
 David Newcomb, James Patterson, Wounded : ser- 
 geants Andrew J. Snider and John Barber, corporals 
 Charles N, Brown, George Lincoln, Samuel W, Sloan, 
 privates James Broadie, Joseph N, Condon, Simon P. 
 Casey, William Daily^ Frank F. Coggles, John Gibson, 
 Albert W, Kimball, Aaron Sipe John Malloy, Alfred 
 Mitchell, .John Seevers, William Thompson and Ham- 
 ilton C, Ulen. Total: killed, 8; wounded, 18. 
 
 February 22d, the Ninth, with a part of 
 the victorious army, proceeded up the Cumber- 
 land to Clarksville and Nashville, meeting 
 with no resistance, and thence back to Padu- 
 cah, preparatory to starting on the expedition 
 determined upon against Corinth, in Missis- 
 sippi. Went by steamer, disembarking at 
 Pittsburg Landing, thirty miles from Corinth, 
 on the 18th ult , and went into camp on the 
 west side of the river near the landing. Ke- 
 infiircemeuts continued to arrive until the 
 army commanded by Gen Grant was about 
 40,000 strong. About day-break, Sunday 
 morning, April 6th, 1862, the enemy who had 
 encamped within gun-shot range of our line 
 the evening before, attacked our camp with 
 great fury. So extended was the ground oc 
 cupied by the enemy, that the information of 
 the battle, which for several hours had been 
 raging, did not reach the regiment. until eight 
 o'clock. The brigade was promptly formed 
 under command of Gen. McArthur, and hur- 
 ried to the front. It advanced to the ex- 
 treme left of our line, and the regiment took 
 position along the meanderings of a small 
 ravine, where it was exposed to a terrible fire 
 by an enemy greatly superior in numbers and 
 in a short time nearly two-thirds of the Ninth 
 were strewn on the ground, either killed or 
 wounded. Retreating from this position, the 
 remainder of the regiment reformed a short 
 distance from its first position. "The fragment 
 of the Ninth held several other positions 
 during the battle, and everywhere fought 
 fiercely and gallantly. 
 
 The severity of the struggle may be better 
 understood when we state that out of 26 offi- 
 cers and 520 enlisted men who went into 
 battle, 20 officers and 324 men, besides 11 
 men missing, were either killed or wounded. 
 The proud regiment which two months before, 
 had marched out of Paducah a thousand men 
 strong, could not now muster one hundred 
 men for parade. The following is a list of its 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 killed and wounded in this battle, which is 
 now generally called the Battle of Shiloh : 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Killed: lieutenant Frederick E.Vogeler of Co. "B." 
 Wounded: colonel Augustus Mersy, lieut. colonel 
 Jesse J. Phillips, adjutant Henry H. Klock, ass't 
 surgeon Tmil Guelich, captains Emil Adam of Co. 
 "A.," 'William C. Kueflner of Co. "B," Eudolph 
 BeckierofCo. "D," Alexander G. Ha-wes of Co. "E," 
 Loren Webb of Co. "F," William F. Armstrong of 
 Co. "H," and Joseph G. Eobinson of Co. "I," lieu- 
 tenants Oscar Eollman of Co. "C," Edward Krehs and 
 Fred. E. Scheel of Co. "D," George W. Williford of 
 Co. "F," Isaac Clements of Co. " G," William H. 
 Fur-viance of Co. " I," James C. McCleary and Gil- 
 bert G. Low of Co. "K." Total officers killed, 1; 
 ■wounded, 19. 
 
 Enlisted Men. 
 
 Company "A." Killed: sergeant Peter Schoppert, 
 corporal Joseph Brown, privatis George Andrae, 
 lltnry Glcnk, Ambrose Lauber and "William Her- 
 mann. 'Wounded: tergeant Andrew Bastian, cdrpo- 
 lals Anton Hund, Anion Schwerlner, and Henry Bur 
 meisler, privates Fnderiok Brinienkamp, Theodore 
 Backly, Michael Braiin, Henry Brenner, John Bauer, 
 Jacob Dnltenhoefler, Erasmi s Fries, Nicholas Frank, 
 Anton Gaulocher, Ferdinand Haas, William Hall, 
 Michael Havlweck, Henry Janke, Frederick Koch, 
 Jiimcs Loehr, Chail(s Miller, Htnry Mueller, August 
 Meyer, Jacob Nicholas, Christian Rose. Charles Ei fa- 
 ke, George Schaeler, Adam Schalier, Andreas Schuck- 
 niann, Btnidict Siranhinger, "William S(ah), Nicho- 
 las Vonberg, Jacob "Wehrle, Martin "Weiss and George 
 "Winter. Total killed 6 ; wounded 34. 
 
 Company "B." Killed : sergeants Albert Hei- 
 necke, John Schmidt, privatis Fdward Dellmar, 
 Conrad Maul, John Mesh, Frank Schtffler, Henry 
 "Weber. "Wounded: sergtani John Kallmann, cor- 
 porals Lorenz Acktrmann, Paul Martin, August 
 "Wnrmb, privates Jose|.h Amniann, Maihias Arnold, 
 Jacob Bauer, Morand Banmann, George Betz, Gustav 
 Blank, Joseph Cropp, Albert Donner, Frederick p'ntz, 
 Arnold Gerig, Charles Giin, Coniad Hellmuth, Ger- 
 hard Jansen, "Valentin Kadel, August Leopold, Lonis 
 Linne, Ignaz Menne, Sebastian Pfister, John Eaffel, 
 Peter Eeppel, George Salz, Henry Schmidt, Jacob 
 Spies, Philip Spies, Hermann Suenmicht, Jacob 
 Sulzer, Daniel Weiner, ChriFtoph "Wickemann and 
 Ferdinand "Wisshatk. Total killed 7 ; wounded 33. 
 Company "C.' Killed: sergeant Charles Hahle, 
 corpoial George M. Luther, privates "William Klin- 
 genberg, Joljn Lampreclit, George Lehr, Michael 
 Lehr, Frederick Lippert, Henry Eichter, Christian 
 Schenck, "W'illiam Storch, August Wichard. "Wound- 
 ed : sergeant John M. Salzmann, corporals Henry 
 Kissel, Irederick Staab, privHtes Adelbert Arramus, 
 Anton Becker, Henry Behm, Andrew Bence, Philip 
 Erbe, Charles Fritderi(h, William Gaebe, Jacob Ha 
 berkorn, John A. Helfrich, Frank Helfrich, Jacob 
 Herpin, Christian Keith, Clirisiian Macdel, Frank 
 Moser, Andrew Nadler, Jacob Eandell, Anton Sne- 
 bert, Charles Sclienk, Fredereriek Scheve, Henry 
 Schemph, Peter Schneider, Nicholas Schouller, John 
 Spohnle. Total killed 11 ; wounded 26. 
 
 Company "D.'' Killed : corporals Henry Goessel, 
 Christian Bahn, Adam Reitz, privates Jacob Becka, 
 Conrad Goessel, Adam Loebig, Philip Sauer, Jacob 
 Riess, Afbert Schellenberg, Frederick Schiiize, Wil- 
 liam Vogelpohl, Henry Voss. Wounded : John 
 Baehr, Hermann Bange, Ibodore Baqiiet, Joseph 
 
 Beck, William Beaverson, Joseph Eisenhauer, 
 
 Anton Garthoefliier, Frederick Havermann, Cemrad 
 
 Heidmann, Charles Hiiler, William Sieser, 
 
 Charles Miller, George Metzker, Charles Moeninger, 
 
 Charles Eoth Roffy, Oswald Blocker, Bernhard 
 
 Vogel, Henry Zweiliartli. Total killed 12 ; wound- 
 ed 18. 
 
 Company "E." Killed: sergeant Silas Bunker, 
 privates John Anson, JohnC. Cady, Frank M. Moore, 
 James McKenzie, William D. Nevins. Wounded : 
 sergeant Louis C. Barnmann, corporals James G. 
 Carnahan, Joseph E. Cox, Philip Anderson, musi- 
 cians Samuel "Williams Wagoner, William Minor, 
 privates James M. Blake, Mathew Bromley, George 
 H. Campbell, Charles Dryden, Michael Farley, Da- 
 niel Hubbard, John W. Hay, Joseph B. Jones, James 
 Malone, George Meyer, Francis J. Murphy, Jesse 
 
 Mock, William Mock, John N. Shoemaker, Thomas 
 Stulkal, Neal Vestal. Total killed 6; wounded 22. 
 Company "P." Killed : sergeant Andrew J. Web- 
 ster, corporals Frank Pathhart, Joshua G. Tecart, 
 privates John E. Charliek, Thomas Cox, Toliver 
 Foster, Joel Foster, Charles Hill, Jacob Koontz, 
 George McLeish, Duncan Me'Culloch, John G. Snouf- 
 fer. Wounded: sergeants Joseph C.Gates, Eudolph 
 W. Heimberger, corporal Andrew J. White, privates 
 Marcus Barnes, Harlow Bassett, John Chenowilh, 
 John H. Collins, James Duncan, Michael N. Fisher, 
 James Getty, Andrew Gmelin, Henry Gmelin, James 
 M. Hickman, James Hobbs, John H. Lauchly, Wil- 
 liam T. Miller, Joseph L. Miller, John McCarter, R. 
 J. Simpkins, James Rodgers, John Stoulfoulh, John 
 M. Ticknor, Napoleon B. Winters, George W. Warren. 
 Total killed 12; wounded 24. 
 
 Company "O." Killed : privates A Ipheus Bascom, 
 Wiliam H. Bascom, David Jones, Thomas J. Olney, 
 James Walker. Wounded : sergeants William 
 Hamjjton, Nimrod G. Perrine, John B Enssell, cor- 
 poral Edward B. Ehodes, private* Lewis E. Apple- 
 gale, William Addison, John W. Brown, William 
 L. Brown, Nathaniel G. Brown, Henry Brown, Wil- 
 liam R. Bradley, Allen Edwards, Simon P. Hartsell, 
 Eobert Marshall, John McCord, Charles W. Miller, 
 Daniel Ryan, Bennett Strottler, Thomas Strottler, 
 John J. Stripling, Anasimander B. Tulton. John J. 
 Tippy, Louis Wise, Jr. John J. While, Warren S. 
 White. Total killed 5 ; wounded 25. 
 
 Company "H " Killed : sergeant Francis D. Hub- 
 bel, privates William R. Haller, Daniel C. White, 
 Thomas Wright. Wounded : sergeant Daniel Pent- 
 zer, Jacob Miller, corporals Alonzn F. MeEwen, Ni- 
 cholas Keller, James W. Osborn, Paul Roberts, pri- 
 vates John G- Arney, William Baldermann, Dennis 
 Bahon, Charles Brienbier, William S. Cheeny, Wil- 
 liam A. Cottingham, James A. Clotfelter, Daniel J. 
 Cariiker, Ira G. Dart, John Droesch, George H. Dry, 
 Thomas Fry, Erapmns Gaw, William H. IMey, Wil- 
 liam Keep, John B. Livingood, John F. Moore, 1 at- 
 rick Moynaham, Lafayette Mason, James S. MiGul- 
 lion, Edward Nail, Sidney B. Phillips, George Riilph, 
 John Salzmann, Francis M. Stickel, Almond D. 
 Simmons, Joseph E. Taulbee, Moses H. Turner, 
 Patrick Whalen. Total killed 4 ; wounded 35. 
 
 Company"!.'' Killed: privates Nathan Abbott, 
 John Bass, Eward R. Keegan, John N. Lawrence, 
 Frederick Swartz. Wounded: sergeant William W. 
 Jarvis, corporal George W. Stiie, privates John 
 Baird, Norman Barber, Ifaiah Berrly, George W. 
 Clark, Thomas C. Gillham, William Helms, Thomas 
 Hauskins, John Jaka, Sidney B. Jarvis, Charles C. 
 Lewis. Albert Mills, George McKinley, Charles A 
 Redman, John Willson, Henry "Wormyer. Total 
 killed 5 ; wounded 17. 
 
 Company "K." Killed : privates William Foster, 
 James L. Kriddler, George Sloan, Thomas Walton. 
 Wounded : corporal John Richmond, privates George 
 W. Burton. Sr., George W. Burton, Jr., John Burke, 
 Charles W. Bowles, Henderson Cogdell, John L. 
 Creed, John Cliflord, William A. Carding, Francis 
 Flagles, John Horn, Thomas J. Hagler, Zero Mav, 
 Samuel L. Miller, Robert E. Ramsey, Jonathan 
 Stone, Samuel W. Sloan, Charles L. Tom.inson. To- 
 tal killed 4 ; wounded 18. 
 
 The advance, or siege of Corinth as it is ge- 
 nerally termed, was marked by no events of 
 great interest. 
 
 During the summer of 1862, the Ninth re- 
 mained in camp near Corinth, and at Rienzi. 
 In September the Ninth was re-called from 
 Rienzi to Corinth, to support the garrison, and 
 arrived there October 2d, and rejoining its old 
 brigade under Gen. Oglesby, marched out on 
 the morning of October 3d, with its division, 
 under command of Gen. Daviess to meet the 
 advance of the enemy at the old rebel in- 
 trenchments about two and one-half miles 
 N. "W. of the city. In the first charge Captain 
 Britt, of Co. " F " was killed, and Captains 
 E. M. and G G. Lowe, and Lieutenant Hughes 
 and Ulen, and over fifty men were captured. 
 The regiment was engaged during the whole 
 of the fighting, sustaining a loss of 19 men 
 killed and 82 wounded. We give the names 
 of those killed and wounded in this, the battle 
 of Corinth : 
 
 General C. F. Smith, the old division com- 
 mander, an excellent oflScer of the regular 
 army, of advanced years, had been taken sick 
 before the battle and died. General W. H. 
 Wallace had succeeded him and was mortally 
 wounded ; and he was succeeded by General 
 T. A. Daviess. The command of the brigade 
 passed from General McArthur, who had been 
 wounded, to General Richard J. Oglesby 
 Soon after the battle General Halleck ap- 
 peared to take command of the aimy in per- 
 son, superseding General Grant. Corinth still 
 remained the objective point of the campaign, 
 and heavy reinforcements having arrived, 
 with the beginning of May the long delayed 
 movement against that place commenced. 
 
 Officers killed : Captain Wi'liam Britt of Co. " F." 
 Wounded : Major John H. Kuhn, Adjutant Henry 
 H. Klock. CaptainsWilliamC. Kuefinerof Co. "B," 
 and Jos. G. Robinson of Co. ''I." Lieutenants Oscar 
 Rollmann and Charles Scheve of Co. " C," George W. 
 Williford of Co. "F," Isaac Clements of Co. "G." 
 Cyrus H. Gilmore and Alfred Cowgill of Co. " H." 
 Total killed 1. wounded 10. 
 
 Company "A." Killed : private Charles Gilrich. 
 Wounded : Wm. Korlkamp. Total killed 1, wound- 
 ed 1. 
 
 Company " B." Killed : Privates, Joseph Cropp, 
 Jaeob Sulzer. Wounded: Sergeants John Eichen- 
 berger. August Wiirmb. Corporal Louis Fisher, 
 Privates, Paul Geist, Edward Hoffmann, George 
 Jenne, Nicholas Meyer. J( seph Noltner, George Salz, 
 Daniel Werner, Anton Winstioth. Total killed 2, 
 wounded 11. 
 
 Company' C." Killed: Privates, John Tunge- 
 mann, Frederick Hugenberg. Wounded: Henry 
 Behm, Jacob Herpin, Christian Jacob, Chri.«tian 
 Maedel, John Miller. Peter Schneider, John Pietz. 
 Total killed 2, wounded 7. 
 
 Company "D.' Killed : Corporal Louis Truttmann, 
 Private.", Jacob Berthold, Henrv Borcherding, John 
 Smith, Christian Tenting. Total killed, 5. A 
 number were wounded, but their names can not be 
 obtained. 
 
 Company •'£." Wounded: Corporal Francis J. 
 Murphy. Privates, John Beatty. William P. Kelley, 
 John Lill, James Malone, William F. Primley Jack 
 L. Stevens, Neal Vestal, James F. Williams. 'Total 
 wounded 9. 
 
 Conipa,ny "F." Killed : John O. Foushee, Frede. 
 rick Wiggand. Wounded: Sergeant William C 
 
 i;",Y^-'''J''"''P°'''^^ J^'"^" F'-l^e. Private William 
 Miller. Total killed 2, wounded 3. 
 
 Oovipany "G" Killed: Alfred Bartley, John Mc- 
 S° J|}^?!1"'^''1 = Henry Brown, Naihaniel G. 
 
 Brown, "William J. Heglar, Robert Marshall, James 
 
 A. Paregien. Total killed 2, wounded 5 
 Company "H." Killed : Samuel Gie^inger, John 
 
 B. Livingood, Sebastian Swendemann. Wound, d: 
 James Bnuly Will am S Boone, Dennis Bahon, 
 Charles Brienbier, O. W. Boutwell. William A. Cot- 
 tingham, Robert Kinley, Israel Haller, Venice C. 
 Ha er, Qiarles H. Newcomb, George W. Quails, 
 William Reckhart. Francis M. Stickel, Ambrose J. 
 Siellou, Joseph W. Warren. Total killed 3, wound- 
 eu 15. 
 
 Company ''ir Wounded : Corporal Thomas Pete. 
 Privates, Wiliam Baird, John Jaka, ames Lang, 
 Joseph E. Stringer. Total wounded 5 
 
 Company -K." Killed: Pri>ale James Ulen. 
 Wounded: Corporal George Meyers. Privates, John 
 Burke, Charles "W. Bowles, Joseph N. Condon, Levi 
 Gibb.s, Peter Hall, Henry Sienger, Samuel C. Ulen, 
 Frank M. Winstead. Total killed 1, wounded 9 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 ]33 
 
 The regiment remained near Corinth, till 
 the spring of 1863. In March of that year it 
 was mounted on mules, and was therefore 
 employed as Mounted Infantry, and during 
 the remainder of the war, it was nearly always 
 in the saddle, scouting, skirmishing, recou- 
 noitering, and raiding, almost invariably suc- 
 cessful, scarcely ever meeting with a check, 
 and becoming well known and a favorite 
 throughout the army of the Tennessee. We 
 cannot give a detailed account of all the 
 movements of the regiment, but have men- 
 tioned the leading battles in which it par- 
 ticipated, and below we append a list of the 
 110 engagements: 
 
 The fiiUowing is a list of battles and skirmishes in 
 which the Ninth Illinois Infantry was engaged during 
 the Rebellion : 
 
 1 Saratoja, Ky., October 26, '61. 
 
 2 Fort Hi-nrv, Tenn., Feb. 6, '62. 
 
 3 Fort Doneison, Tenn., Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 4 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 6 and 7, '62. 
 
 5 Siege of Corinih, Miss., April 29 to May 29, '62. 
 
 6 Battle of Corinth, Miss , Oct. 3 and 4, '62. 
 
 7 Cherokee, Ala., April 17- '63. 
 
 8 Lundy's Lane, Ala , April 17, '63. 
 
 9 Town Creek, Ala., April 18, '63. 
 
 10 Buzzard Boost, Ala., April 19, '63. 
 
 11 Goodlow's, Ala., April 21, '63. 
 
 12 Cherokee, Ala, April 22, '63. 
 
 13 Tupelo, Miss., May 4, '63. 
 
 14 Fhrtnee, Ala., Mav 28, '6.3. 
 15- Hamburg. Tenn., May 3(', '63. 
 
 16 Mud Creek, Miss., June 20, '63. 
 
 17 Jackson, Tenn., July 13, '63. 
 
 18 Grenada, Miss , Aug. 17, '63. 
 
 19 Henderson Station, Tenn., Oct. 2, '63. 
 
 20 S.ilem, Miss., Oct. 8, '63. 
 
 21 Wyatt's, Miss., Oct. 11, '63. 
 
 22 Byhalia, Miss., Oct. 12. '03. 
 
 23 Kocky Run, Ala., Nov. 5, '63. 
 
 24 Athens, Ala., Nov. 13, '63. 
 
 2-5 Decatur Junction, Ala., Nov. 14, '63. 
 
 26 Mooresville, Ala., Nov- 15, '63. 
 
 27 Brown's Ferrv, Ala., Nov. 18. '63. 
 
 28 Limestone Creek, Ala.. Nov. 24, '63. 
 
 29 Lamb's Ferry, Ala., Nov. 27, '63. 
 
 30 Enckersville, Ala , Nov. 28. '63. 
 
 31 Shoal Creek, Ala., Dec. 8, '63. 
 
 32 Florence, Ala., Dec. 9, '63 
 
 33 Lawrencebiirg, Tenn., Dec. 28, '63. 
 
 34 Cvpress Creek, Tenn., Dec. 29, '63. 
 .S5 Athens, Ala., Jan. 26, '64. 
 
 36 Brown's Ferry, Ala., Jan. 26, '64. 
 
 37 Florence, Ala., Jan 28, '64. 
 
 38 Pride's Ferrv, Ala., Jan 28, '64. 
 
 39 Florence, Al'a., Jan. 29, '64. 
 
 40 Bainbridge, Ala., Jan. 30, '64. 
 
 41 Lucas Ferry, Ala.. March 8, '64. 
 
 42 Courtlarid, Ala., March 9, '64. 
 
 43 Nancy's Creek, Ala., March 10, '61. 
 
 44 Moulton, Ala., March 22, '64. 
 
 45 Somerville, Ala., March 26, '64 
 
 46 Flint River, Ala., March 28. '64. 
 
 47 Moulton, Ala., March 29, '64. 
 
 48 Flint River, Ala, April 3, '64. 
 
 49 Courtland Road, Ala., April 9, '64. 
 
 50 Siege of Decatur, Ala., April 15, '64. 
 
 51 Flint River, Ala., April 18, '64. 
 
 52 Bear Creek, Ala., April 21, '64. 
 
 53 Snake Creek Gap, Ga., May 9, '64. 
 
 54 Resaca, Ga., May 12, '64. 
 
 55 Roam Cross Roads, Ga., May 14, '64. 
 
 56 Ustenoola River, Ga., May 19, '64. 
 
 57 Dallas, Ga., May 28, '64. 
 
 58 Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 30, '64. 
 69 Nickajack, Ga., July 4, '64. 
 
 60 Chattahoochee River, Gn., July 14, 64. 
 
 61 Pumpkin Vine Greek, Ga., July 17, ^l. 
 
 62 Decatur, Ga., July 19, '64. 
 
 63 Decatur, Ga., Julv, 22, '64. 
 
 64 Utoy Creek, Ga.,"july 27, '64. 
 
 65 Owl Rock, Ga., August 2, '64. 
 
 66 Sandtown, Ga., August 5, '64. 
 
 67 Near East Point, Ga., August 18, 64. 
 
 68 Near Atlanta, Ga., August 22, '64. 
 
 69 Lovejov Station, Ga., Sept. 2, '64. 
 
 70 Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 3. '64. 
 
 71 Van Wert, Ga., Sept. 27, '64. 
 
 72 Cave Springs, Ga., Oct. 13, '64. 
 
 73 Coosaville, Ga., Oct. 17, '64. 
 
 74 Coosa River, Ga., Oct. 23, '64. 
 
 75 CasBville, Ga., Nov. 4, '64. 
 
 76 Near Rough and Ready, Ga., Nov. 15, "64. 
 
 77 Social Circle, Ga., Nov 17, '64. 
 
 78 Buckhead iStation, Ga., Nov. 19, "64. 
 
 79 Park's Mills, Ga., Nov. 20, '64. 
 
 80 p:atonlon, Ga., Nov. 20, '64. 
 
 81 Near Milledgeville, Ga., Nov. 23, '64. 
 
 82 Buflalo Swamp, Ga., Nov. 25, '64. 
 
 83 Near Sandersville, Ga., Nov. 25, '64. 
 
 84 Sandersville, Ga., Nov. 26, '64. 
 
 85 Near Louisville, Ga., Nov. 28. '64. 
 
 86 Fort Harrison, Ga., Dec. 7, '64. » 
 
 87 Montieth, Ga., Dec. 8. '64. 
 
 88 Near Savannah, Ga., Dec. 9, '64. 
 
 89 No. 3, Station, G. R R., Ga., Dec. 21, 64. 
 
 90 Conibahee River, S. C , Jan. 19, '65. 
 
 91 Turner's Creek, S. C, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 92 Whippy Swamp, S. C, Feb. 1, '65. 
 
 93 River Bridge, S. C, Feb. 2, '65. 
 
 94 Little Salkehatchie, S. C, Feb. 6, '65. 
 
 95 South Edisto, S. C, Feb. 8, '65. 
 
 96 North Edisto, S. C, Feb. 10, '65. 
 
 97 Cannon's Bridge, S. C, Feb. 11, '65. 
 
 98 Congaree R. R. Bridge, S. , Feb. 14, '65. 
 
 99 Saluda Factorv, S. C, Feb. 16, '65. 
 
 100 Broad River, S. C, Feb. 16, '65. 
 
 101 New Cheraw, S. C, Feb 28, '65. 
 
 102 Society Hill, S. C, March 2, '05. 
 
 103 Florence, S. 0., March 4, '65. 
 
 104 Near Darlington, S. C, March 4, '65. 
 
 105 Floral College. S. C, March 8, 66. 
 
 106 Fayetteville, N. C, March 10, '65. 
 
 107 Near Fayetteville, N. C, March 13, '65. 
 
 108 Black River, N. C, March 15, '65. 
 
 109 Near Bentonville, N. C, March 21, '65. 
 IJO Near Neuse River, N. C, April 10, '65. 
 
 The regiment was mustered out July 9 1865, at 
 Loni-sville, Ky., and arrived at Camp Butler July 12, 
 1865, for final payment and discharge. 
 
 Below is a roster of the officers and men who served 
 in the regiment. Only those who went from St. Clair 
 county is shown in this list. 
 
 STAFF. 
 Co I on el : 
 Augustus Mercy, term expired Aug. 20, 1864. 
 
 Quarter master : 
 Charles A. Spatee, term expired Aug. 20, 1864. 
 NON COMMISSION STAFF. 
 Sergeant-Major : 
 Francis K. Wagner, Sergt.-Major, Regt., as consoli- 
 dated. Promt. Capt. Co. D., Oct. 11, 1864. 
 
 Q. M- Sergeant. 
 William J. Johnson, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant. 
 Eben N. Burgess, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Hospital Steward. 
 William Manchester, discharged for disability. 
 
 Principal Musicians. 
 John Olinger, mustered out Aug 20th, '64. 
 Hermin Wetter, transferred from Co. B. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY "a" 
 Privdes. 
 Brain, Michael, transferred to V. R. C. March 29, '64. 
 Baker, Adam, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Duttenhofer, Jacob, " " "_ ^' 
 Deitz, Louis, " '' " 
 
 Fries, Erasmus, " '' '' 
 
 Krey, William, " " " 
 
 Kahl, Frank, ' 
 
 Renandin, Peire, 
 
 Rebus, John, " " " " 
 
 Scherrer, Friedrich, died April 16, '64. 
 Waller, William, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Itecruits. 
 Miller, Friedrich, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Morgenstern, William, absent without leave at M. O. 
 
 of Regt. as consolidated. 
 Shalter, Adam, mustered out Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Vanbnrg, Nichols, " '' " '■ " 
 
 Winters, George, '' " " " " 
 
 Zerchus, Wendel, " '' '' " " 
 
 MUSTEK ROLL, COMPANY " B " 
 Cap'ain. 
 
 William C. Kueffner, resigned Nov. 1, '63. transferred 
 to V. R. C, promoted Col. 149th Regt. Feb 15, '65, 
 prom'd Brig-Gen. Mar. 13, '65, mus'd out Jan.27,'66. 
 
 John Mailman, term exp. Aug. 20, '64. 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Hamilton Leiber, resigned Mar. 4, '63. 
 
 Louis Gricser, term exp. Aug. 20, '64. 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Fred'k C. Vogeler, killed in battle Shiloh, Apr. 6, '62. 
 
 Louis Fischer, term exp. Aug. 20, '64. 
 Sergeants. 
 
 John Mailman, promoted. 
 
 Julius Hoffman, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Louit Griesser, promoted let Lieut. 
 
 Albert Heinecke, killed at Shiloh, Apr. 6, '62. 
 
 John Schmidt, " " " " " 
 
 Cirrporals. 
 
 Louis Fischer, promoted 2d Lieut. 
 
 Frank Ziigenbuehler, killed at Ft. Doneison Feb.15,'62. 
 
 John Echenberger, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Lorenz Ackermann, died of wounds Apr. 15, '62. 
 
 Augustus Wurmb, died of wounds Dec. 5, '62. 
 
 Paul Martin, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Privates. 
 
 Ackerman, George, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Aide, Adolph, died of wounds May 4, '62. 
 
 Aman, Joseph, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Arnold, Matthias, died of wonnds May 15. '62. 
 
 Eaumann, Morand, discharged Sept. 23, '63, wounds. 
 
 Baushara, Paul, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Bauer, Jacob, " " " " '• 
 
 Bauer, Peter, died of wounds. May 4, '62. 
 
 Betz, George. 
 
 Binkert, Martin, wounded, missing Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 Crapp, Joseph, killed at Corinth, Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Diltmar, Edward, killed at Shiloh Apr. 6, 62. 
 
 Danner, Albert. 
 
 Entz, Frederic. 
 
 Fath, Michael, died of wounds May 1, '62. 
 
 Gantner, Joseph. 
 
 Gannermann. Henry .killed at Ft. Doneison Feb.15,'62. 
 
 Gribbling, John. 
 
 Jansen, Gerhard, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Koch, Christian, killed at Ft. Doneison Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 Krieger, John, discharged July 21, '62. wounds. 
 
 Lauth, Charles, mustered out Aug. 20,_'64. 
 
 Leopold, Augustus,died of woimds received at Shiloh. 
 
 Lobe, Charles, mustered out Aug. 20, 64. 
 
 Maul, Conrad, killed at Shiloh Apr. 6, '64: 
 
 Menne, Jaynav, deserted. 
 
 Mesh, John, killed at Shiloh Apr. 6, '64. 
 
 Messerschmidt, Louis, died of wounds Mar. 19, '62. 
 
 Newman, Albert, killed at Ft, Doneison Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 Nalltner, Joseph. 
 
 Otto, Frank, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Ptister, Sebastian, died of wounds Apr. 11, '62. 
 
 Raffel, John, discharged Sept. 30. '62, wounds. 
 
 Reppel, Peter, discharged Mar. 13, '62, wound.^. 
 
 Rudel, Fred. George, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Salz, George, '' <; < • 
 
 Schab, John, '' 
 
 Schieffer, Frank,missing in action at Shiloh Apr.6,'62. 
 
 Schellinger, Simon, deserted. 
 
 Schneider, Henry. 
 
 Schnlz, Joseph, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Schmidt, Henry, died Oct. 26, '62. 
 
 Schwarcoff, Anton, mnstered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Sensel, Frederic, " " " '' '' 
 
 Spiess, Jacob, 
 
 Sulzer, Jacob, killed at Corinth Oct. 3, 62. 
 
 Sutter, Benedict. 
 
 Tanbert, Zacharias, mustered out Aug. 20, 64. 
 
 Werner, Daniel, 
 
 Wienstrath, Anton, " _" ;' " ;; 
 
 Wisshack, Ferdinand, " ' 
 
 Zech, Michael, killed at Ft. Doneison Feb. 1-?, '62. 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Recruits —Musidana. • 
 Hermin Wetter, transf'd to non-conimipsioned staff. 
 Hi-nry Hill, transferred to Company A. 
 
 Privates, 
 Adam, Christopher, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Alexander, Wm. B., non vet , Co. D consolidated 
 
 July 9, '65. 
 Berger, Ji.hn, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Blank, Gustave, " " " •' " 
 Burkhardt, David," " " " •' 
 Bitterwolf, Joliu, trans, from Co. D, mustered out 
 
 Aug. 20, '04. 
 Grain, Francis. 
 
 Dachnert, Charles, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Dettwciler, John killed at Fort Poneison Feb. 15, '62. 
 Darrow, Josepli, trans, to Co. B consolidated, mus- 
 tered out July 9, '65. 
 Eirkuss, Christian, mustered out Aug. 20. '64. 
 Eirkuss, Jacob, killed at Fort DoneUon Feb. 15, '62. 
 Fisher, Philip, mustered out Aug 20, '64. 
 Geist, Paul. 
 
 Gerig, Arnold, deserted. 
 Grin, ( harles, mustered out Arsg. 20, '64. 
 Haas, Michael, " " •' " '• 
 
 Hartman, Charles,'' " '' '' '' 
 
 Hellmulh, Conrad, deserted May 13, '62. 
 Herwig, Henry,killed at Fort Donelson Feb. 15, '62. 
 Hoffman, Edward, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 , Hofmiesttr, John Peter," '• " ■' " 
 
 Hays, Henry, non-v«t., Co. D consolidated, mustered 
 
 out July 9, '65. 
 Houerion, Wm. B, non-vet., Co. D consolidated 
 
 mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Jenne, George. 
 
 Jones, Wm., non-vet., Co. Dconsol'd, M. O. July 9,'65. 
 Kadel, Peter, mu-stered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Kadel, Valentine 
 
 Kinder, John, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Kremtr, Henry, Sergt. Co. D consolidated, mustered 
 
 out May 26, '65, order War Dept. 
 Linderman, Fred. Wm., mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Linne, Louis, " " " " " 
 
 Luster, James, See Co. D consolidated, captured at 
 
 Salem, Miss , Oct. 8, '63. 
 Leckinger, August. 
 
 Meyer, Nicholas, mustered out A ug. 20, '64. 
 Moser, Herman, '' '• " '' " 
 
 McNally, Iaaac,non-vet , M. O. May 30, '65, telegram 
 
 from A. G. O. May 6, '65. 
 Mennes, Wm.S.,non-vet., Co. D consolidated mustered 
 
 out July 9, '65. 
 Oberfell, Joseph, discharged June 14, '62, wounds. 
 O'Hare, John, died March 17, '64. 
 Oemigen, Fred. Wm., non-vet., Co. D consolidated, 
 
 m. o order War Dept. May 26, '65. 
 Pohn, Simon, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Bust, John, " " '' " " 
 
 Eaney, Thomas R.,non vet., Co. D consolidated, mus- 
 tered out July 9, '65. 
 Eodgers, Wm. non-vet. Co. D con. m, o. July 9, '65, as 
 
 Corporal. 
 Sohlatt, William mustered out Aug 20, '64. 
 Spiess, Phillip died May 3, '62, wounds Shiloh. 
 Suemnicht, Her.Tian disuh. Jime 20, '62 ; wounds. 
 Smith, Roily. 
 
 Seller, J ohn non- vet., Co D cod. m. o. July 9, '65. 
 Sutter, Benedict mus'ered out July 9, '65. 
 Sanders, Isaac non-vet. Co. D con. m. o. July 9, '65. 
 Smith, James J. non-vet. Co. D con. ui. o. July 9, '65. 
 Spring, Moses non-vet. Co. D con. m. o. July 9, '65. 
 Smith, G. H. capt. at Snake Cr'k Gap Qa., May 18, '65. 
 Smith, TiiomasB. non-vet. Co. Dcon.ni.o. July 9, '65. 
 Thomas, Joseph non-vet. Co. D con. m. o. July 9, '65. 
 Thoma", Joshua non-vet. Co. D con. M. O Jul^ 9, '65. 
 Vantres, Grierson " " ' " '' " 
 Weber, Henry killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 Wickerraan, Christian mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Wright, Chas. Co Dcon.m.o. May 26, '65, order war 
 
 dpt. 
 Will, Michael Eec. Co. D, con. m. o. July 9, '65. 
 Walker, Geo. non-vet. Co. D con. m. o. July 9, '65. 
 
 William, Alex. " ' 
 
 Walker, Seiles " " " " " " 
 
 MUSTER KOLL COMPANY " C.'' 
 
 Oaptam- 
 
 Diedrich F. Tedeman, promoted Lieut. Col. 2nd Ala. 
 A. D..Dec. 26, '62. 
 
 First Lieidenants. 
 Oscar EoUman, transferred to V. R- C. Nov. 1, '63. 
 George Bender, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Second lAcutenanls. 
 
 Cliarles Sk^heve, resigned Aug. 7, '63. 
 Eugene Hawke, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 It.ergeants. 
 Charles Hahle, killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 John M. Salzinan, transferred to Co. H. 
 (ieorge Bender, promoted 1st Lieut. 
 Williatu Langenberg, mds'tered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Corporais. 
 Joseph Schweitzer, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Charles Ehrlick. 
 Henry Kiesel. 
 
 Frederick Staab, deserted Aug. 18, '62. 
 George M. Luther, killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Frank Banmer, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Edward Steven, " " " '' 
 
 Privates. 
 Aderhals, Godfrey died Nov. 18, '61. 
 Arndt, Henry died of wounds, March 18, '62. 
 Becker, Anthony, discharged .Aug.'15, '62, wounds. 
 Bence, Andrew, discharged Aug. 2, '62, arm amput. 
 Boersig, Lawrence, killed Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, '62. 
 Bruening, William died Oct. 1, '61. 
 Bub, Michael mustered out Ang. 20, '64. 
 Clements, Phillip " " " '' 
 Eilt, Menson " '• " " 
 
 Erb, Joseph died at Andersonville prison, Sept. 25, 
 
 1864. 
 Erbar, George mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Erba, Phillip, wounded at Shiloh. 
 Erbe, Conrad discharged .Tune 25, '62; disability. 
 Fichter, Geo. " July 22, 'e2 ; wounds. 
 
 Fray, John A. 
 
 Guebe, William discharged Aug. 15, '62 ; wounds. 
 Graham, Louis. 
 
 Hartmann, John mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Haeser, William discharged June 18, '64; disability. 
 Helfrich, Frank " Nov. 21, '64 ; wounds. 
 
 Haberkorn, Jacob " Aug. 15, '62; " 
 
 Hartmann, John mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Haeser, 'William discharged June 18, '64 ; disability. 
 Herbig, William mustered out Aug. 20 '64. 
 Herpin, Jacob '' " " 
 
 Hillmann, Henry killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, '62. 
 Hugenberg, William died Oct. 12, '62 ; wounds. 
 Jacob, Christian, mustered out Aug 12, '64. 
 Keith, Christian. 
 Klein, Christopher. 
 
 Klingenberg, William killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 Lamberlus, Phillip mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Lamprecht, John killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 Lehr, George " " " " " 
 
 Lehr, Michael " " " " 
 
 Lippert, Frederic " " " " " 
 Meadel, Christian. 
 Moses, Frank. 
 
 Muller, Christian died April 10, '62. 
 Muller, John 
 
 Miller, William deserted Aug. 18, '62. 
 Nadler, Andreas. 
 Pietz, John. 
 
 Eaehm, Thomas died Jan. 25, '64. 
 Eandall, Stephen died xVug. 6, '62. 
 Randall, Jacob. 
 
 Ranch, Thomas discharged April 14, '62; disability. 
 RehfuBs, Ludwig mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Resch, Adam discharged Oct. 2, '62; wounds. 
 Richter, Henry killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 Riedell, John- 
 
 Roehrwiem, William mustered out Aug. 12, '64. 
 Suebert, Anthony " " '■ " 
 
 Sepafermeyer, Frank " '' " " 
 
 Schenck, Charles " " " " 
 
 Schenck, Christian killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 Schemph, Henry mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Scheve, Frederic mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Schneider, Christian died May 10, '62. 
 Schneider, Peter mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Schmidt, Henry died Nov. 2, '62. 
 SohouUer, Nicholas mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Sponhule, John. 
 Stone, William died Dec. 7, '61. 
 Storch, William killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 
 Striegel, William mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Tungeman, John killed at Corinth Oct. 3, '62. 
 
 Theobald, Jacob mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Uehli, Henry. 
 
 Veidt, Conrad died Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 Vogt, William discharged Aug. 15 ; wounds. 
 
 Weber, Alois mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Wels, Peter " " 
 
 Wii-hard, Augustus killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 
 Helfrich, John A. mustered out Aug 20, '64. 
 
 Hecruita- 
 Abney, Paul transf. to Co F, cons. M. O. July 9, '65. 
 Amaiid, Wm. trans, to Co. D, cons. M. O. July 9. '65. 
 Bauer, George trans, to Co. D, con. M. O July 9, '56. 
 Gerger, George transferred to V. E. C Nov. 15, '65. 
 Kassing, William trans to Co F, con. M.O. July 9, '65. 
 Keller, Mathias trans, to Co. D, con. M. O. July 9, '65. 
 Scliilli, Pridolin transferred to Co. D, consolidated 
 
 M. O. by order of War Dpt. May 26, '65. 
 Vetter, George died Andersonville prison, July 3, '64. 
 
 MUSTEK EOLL COMPANY " D." 
 Captains. 
 Eudolphus Becker, resigned Dec. 3, '62. 
 Edwards Krebs, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 First Lieutenant 
 Henry Weber, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Frederick E. Scheel, resigned Ap. 24, '64. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Henry Weber, promoted 1st lieut. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Adolphus Cornelious, died Nov. 19, '61. 
 Gottfried Guckes, veteran. 
 Francis Bauman. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Henry Goessel, died Ap. 18, '62; wounds. 
 Philip Saur, died May 2, '62 ; wounds. 
 Anton Wolf, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Louis Truttman, died Oct. 5, '62 ; wounds. 
 Amos Smith, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 William Heuer, " " " " " 
 Christian Rahn, killed at Shiloh Ap. 6, '62. 
 Adam Eeitz, died May 18, '62; wounds. 
 Musicians. 
 
 Frederick Brandenberger, mustered out Ang. 20, '64. 
 Peter Schneider, " " " ■' " 
 
 Privates 
 Alberter, Charles, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Auffinger, Martin, died Oct. 1, '62. 
 Bange, Hermann, discharged Aug. 15, '62 ; wounds. 
 Baquet, Isadore, discharged June 21, '62; wounds. 
 Baeversen, William. 
 
 Bayer, John, discharged Aug. 27, '62; wounds. 
 Baumgarden, Frederick, discharged by orders from 
 
 War Department, May 27, '65. 
 Becker, Jacob, killed at Shiloh Ap. 6, '62. 
 Bense, William, died May 11, '62. 
 Berthold, Jacob, died Oot. 30, '62; wounds. 
 Bergamien, Balthisar, died Mar. 4, 62. 
 Bertram, Henry, vet., mustered out July 9, '69. 
 Bittenvolf, John, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Boester, Frederick, discharged Aug. 15, '62; wounds. 
 Borcherding, Henry, died Nov. 5, '62. 
 Buesemayer, Henry, dis. Ap. 4, '62; disability. 
 Caspari, Henry, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Daesch, George, ■' '' " '■ " 
 
 Daerr, John, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Eisenhauser, Joseph. 
 
 Euler, Jacob, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Erb, Jacob, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Fritz, John, discharged Aug. 19, '62; wounds. 
 Funck, Francis. 
 
 Fuchs, Charles, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Gshell, Conrad, killed at Shiloh Ap. 6, '62. 
 Hauser, John, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Heidinan, John, discharged Dec. 6, '62; wounds. 
 Hohrein, John, mustered out May 30, '65. 
 Huber, Charles. 
 
 Hurst, Henry, mustered ont Aug. 20, '64. 
 Jaeckel Joseph, " " " " 
 
 Kahn, Jloses, " " '■ •• 
 
 Kleber, Louis, " " " " 
 
 Koenigsmark, Joseph. 
 
 Lambe, Christian, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Lauth, Frederick, " " 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 135 
 
 Lieser, William. 
 
 Litsclige, John, mustered out Aug. 20, '65. 
 Loebig, Adam, killed at Shiloh, Ap. 6, '62. 
 Lauth, Jacob.' 
 Metzker, George. 
 Meyer, Henry, died June 28, '62. 
 Melcher, Frederick, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Mittelbuescher, Wm., " " " '' 
 
 Moeninger, Charles, dis. Sept. 30, '62; arm ampu- 
 tated. 
 Mulh, Peter, deserted Sept. 2, '62. 
 Olinger, John. 
 
 Kielher, Charles, mustered out May 27, '65. 
 Eieas, Jacob, killed at Shiloh Ap. 6, '62. 
 Eaffy, Charles, discharged Oct. 13, '62; wounds. 
 Sche'llenburg, Alberl, miawng in action Ap. 6, '62. 
 Sclieide, Jolin, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Sclimutz, Herman. 
 
 Stocker, Oswald, discharged Dec. 6, '62; wounds. 
 Schueszler, George, discharged July 21, '62. 
 Stallborrea, Henry. 
 Bey bold, Samuel, transferred to co. "1"; mustered 
 
 out as sergeant Nov. 2, '64. 
 Scheel, Fred. E., promoted 2d lieut. co. "F." 
 Tliei-ss, Matliias, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 Vogel, Bernhard, vet., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Vogelpohl, William, died May 18, '62. 
 Voss, Henry, died Ap. 25, '62. 
 Weiss, John, vtt., mustered out July 9, '65. 
 
 Recriiiti. 
 Doering, Charks, died Sept. 13, '62. 
 Miller, Charles W., mustered out Sept. 9, '64. 
 Schlotlier, Jacob, mustered out July 9, '65. 
 Stalborus, Henry, discharged May 27, '65; order of 
 
 War Dept. 
 
 MDSTER EOLL COMPANY " E." 
 Capiain. 
 Alexander G. Hawes, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Eoswell P. Patterson, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Second Lieuletiant. 
 Lewis C. Bornman, term expired Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Lewis L. Troy, vet., promoted adjt. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Lewis C. Bornman, promoted 2d lieut. 
 Henry K. Challenor, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Silas Bunker, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Fred'k Dilg, vet., prora'd 1st Lieut., co, B., as cons'd. 
 Phillip Anderson, mustered out, Aug. 20, 18b4. 
 William G. Triplet, vet., mustered out, July 9, 1865. 
 
 3Insieians. 
 Samuel Williams, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864. 
 George W. fiose, mustered out, July 9, 1865. 
 
 Privates. 
 Anson, John, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Atkinson, Cas. C, killed at Ft. iJonalscn, Feb. 15, '62. 
 Blake, James M., discharged, Nov, 3, '62 ; wounds, 
 Bragg, John A, J,, mustered out, Aug, 20, 1864. 
 Bromley, Matthew, died. May 12, 1862; wounds. 
 Burnett, Robert, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Case, Henry H., died, Sept. 15, 1861, 
 Campbell, George H, 
 
 Cody, John C, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Fletcher, John. 
 
 Fulmar, John, vet., died, Feb. 6, 1865. 
 Furlong, Michael, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Guy, William M., died. May 12, 1862. 
 Givinn, James, died, Nov. 25, 1861. 
 Guy, George W., died. May 3, 1862. 
 Hagar, Simon, 
 
 Jackson, Obediah, died, Deo. 18, 1861. 
 Jackson, Martin W., vet., died, March 24, 1865, 
 Kimberlin, John, discharged, Oct, 13, 1862 ; wounds, 
 Lyons, John, vet,, mustered out, July 9, 1865, 
 Maddox, Michael, mustered out, Aug, 20, 1864, 
 Malone, James. 
 Meyer, George. 
 
 McKenzie, James, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 O'Neill, Edward, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Pendergrast, John. 
 
 Stuart, James, vet., mustered out, July 9, 1865, 
 Stevens, Jack L„ 
 
 Taylor, Ira, vet,, mustered out, July 9, 1865, 
 Tell, John, mustered out, Aug, 20, 1864. 
 Xliornsburg, Charles, discharged, Oct, 4, '61 ; disa'ty. 
 Ward, James, vet,, mustered out, July 9, 18t>5, 
 
 Meeruits. 
 
 Mathews, William, died, March 18, 1862, 
 
 Miller, l!;.,transf'd toco, E,, cons'd, des'd, Nov,13,'64, 
 
 liecd, Alfred, 
 
 Swyer, Francis, transf'd to non-com' d staff, mustered 
 out, July 9, 1865, 
 
 Woods, Thomas W,, transf'd to B, co., cons'd, mus- 
 tered out, July 9, 1865, 
 
 MUSTER EOLL COMPANY F. 
 
 Captains. 
 Loren Webb, resigned, July 10, 1862. 
 William Britt, killed at Corinth, Oct. 3, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 W. C. Hawley, prom'd Major, 1st Ala,, A, D, Jan, 8, '04, 
 
 First Sergi ant. 
 Charles F. Saltmarsh, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1804. 
 
 Sergeants 
 Fred, E, Scheel, transferred to co, D, 
 
 Corporals. 
 Andrew Webster, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, 
 A, J. White, 
 James A. Fike, mustered out, Aug, 20, 1804, 
 
 Musician. 
 Perry C. Coffer. 
 
 Privates. 
 Ashton, David N,, killed at Fort Donelson, Feb, 15, '62. 
 Bridges, William, discharged, July 19, 'ti2; disability. 
 Banes, Margues, discharged, Aug, 15, 1862 ; disability. 
 Borrow, John S,, mustered out, Aug, 20, 18B2, 
 Birgin, Frederick, discharged, April 24, '62 ; disa'ty. 
 Bence, Lewis. 
 
 Buschmiller, Christian, mustered out, Aug, 20, 1864, 
 Burnes, Alex,, discharged, April 28, 18b2; disability, 
 Crocker, Wm, C, dicliarged Dec, 14, 1862, disability. 
 Cox, Thomas W., killed at Shiloh, April 6, 18ti2. 
 Dye, John W., discharged. May 5, 1BB2 ; wounds. 
 Garrott, Joseph H,, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864, 
 Glenn, James, mustered out, August 20, 1864, 
 Gmelin, H,, died in Andersonvillc prison, June 2'J, '64, 
 Gmelin, Andrew, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Hill, Charles, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Hickman, James M., mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Hess, Karl, died, Oct. 17, 1861. 
 Heimberger, Rudolph W., mustered out, August. 
 Josgeon, John, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864, 
 Potthart, Francis, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, 
 Kowland, Cons, C,, killed atFt. Donelson, Feb, 15, '62, 
 Rank, John, 
 
 Stoulfourth, John, mustered out, Aug. 20, 1864, 
 Schmiersaul, Henry, discharged, June 11, '62; disa'ty. 
 Wagner, F. H., transf'd to non-com'd staff, sergt. Major, 
 Wiggand, F,, killed at white house, Corinth, Oct. 3, 62, 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. 
 
 Private. 
 Jones, Merlin, mustered out, Aug, 20, 1864. 
 
 NINTH INFANTRY REGIMENT 
 
 (as CONSOLIDATED.) 
 Adjutant. 
 Lewis L. Troy, mustered out July 9, 1865, 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 Sergeant Majo/r. 
 
 Francis K, Wagner, prom. Capt, Co, D, Oct, 11, '64, 
 
 H>spital Steward. 
 Francis M, Swyer, mustered out May 22, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL, COMPANY " B." 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Frederick Dilg, mustered out as 1st Lieut, July 9, 65, 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 James W, Crosby, mustered out, as Serg't , July 9, '65, 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " D." 
 Captain. 
 Francis X. Wagner, mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Lewis Troy, promoted Adj't. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Henry Krcmcr, M. 0, May 26, '65, order War Dept. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Louis Valentine, mustered out July 9, '65, as private. 
 Uiiliara Morgenslem, absent without leave, at M. O, 
 Charles Wright, M, O. May 26, '65, order War Dept. 
 
 Jxecruits. 
 Adam, Christopher, mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 Bauer, George " " " '• 
 
 Becker, Ferdinand '' " " " 
 
 Seller, John '' " " " 
 
 Will, Michael " " •• " 
 
 Non- Veterans. 
 Amand, William mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 Oeraigen, F. W., M. O. order W, D, May 26, l865. 
 
 Prisoner of War. 
 Sekinger, August, 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " E." 
 Vetei'ans. 
 Fulmer, John died February 6, 1865. 
 Stewart, James mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 Taylor, Ira " " " '■ 
 
 Veteran Recruits. 
 Hickman, Hugh A. mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 
 Woods, Thomas W 
 
 Non- Veterans. 
 Rank, John mu.-ttred out April 12, 1865 
 Reed, Alfred " " Julv 9, 1865. 
 iSwirts, Frank N. " " ■'' " 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " F." 
 
 Sergeant. 
 William Moore, mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 
 Corporal. 
 John Fruind, mustered oui, July 9, 1865. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Guckes, Gottfried, mustered out July 9, 1865. 
 Hauser, John " " " '' 
 
 Lamb, Chrisiian " " '■ " 
 
 Loulii, Frt-derick " '' " " 
 
 Zweibart, Htnry " 
 
 Prisoner of War. 
 Erhe, Joseph died at Andersonvillc pr., S.'pl. 25, '64. 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 
 
 (Three yeari service.) 
 This regiment was organized at Belleville, 
 May 11th, 1861, and mustered into the United 
 States' service, at Caseyville, Illinois, by Capt. 
 T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A., June 25th, 1861. 
 Moved to Bird's Point, Mo., the 11th inst. 
 November 7th, seven companies participated 
 in the battle of Belmont— three being left to 
 guard transports- In this engagement 144 
 were killed, wounded aud missing. Under 
 Gen. Grant, Jan. 14th, ls62, reconnoitered 
 through Missouri. April 8th, 1862, moved 
 under Gen. Paine, to Tipton ville, to intercept 
 retreating enemy from Island No. 10. On 
 this expedition they captured 4,000 prisoners, 
 two Generals, aud a large quantity of stores, 
 ammunition, arms, guns, etc. May 3d, 5ih 
 and 9th, 1862, skirmished before Farmington, 
 and engaged in the battle of Farmington. 
 Was at the siege of Corinth, and pursued the 
 enemy two weeks in June. Until Aug. 26th 
 following, guarded Memphis and Charleston 
 Railroad, when by forced marches it fell back 
 to Nashville, arriving Sept. 1 1th, and remained 
 there the balance of the year. 
 I It engaged in the battle of Stone River, 
 
136 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Dec. 31st, 1862, and Jan. 1st and 2d, 1863, 
 ■where it lost 199 out of 342 men, in action. 
 Lieut. Col. Swanwick was wounded and taken 
 prisoner, and was confined at Atlanta and 
 Richmond (Libby), until May, 1863. 
 
 The regiment was in camp at Murfreesboro, 
 and different points around that place, forag- 
 ing and skirmishing through the winter and 
 spring. Early in June, marched southward, 
 with the army of the Cumberland. Partici- 
 pated in the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 1 9th 
 and 20th, on the right of the army under 
 Gen. Sheridan, and lost 135 officers and men, 
 out of an aggregate of less than 300. This 
 was a severe engagement, in proof of which, 
 the regiment lost 96 men in less than ten 
 minutes in action on the 19th. Among others 
 the brave Maj. Johnson was very severely 
 wounded, and Captain French mortally. 
 
 It remained in and around Chattanooga, 
 • suffering in common with the rest of the 
 army, from exposure and want of provisions, 
 being frequently on less than half rations, and 
 almo-t destitute of clothing, tents, etc., until 
 November 26th, when with the remainder of 
 Gen. Sheridan's division, it was engaged in 
 storming Mission Ridge, losing again between 
 30 and 40, out of a mere skeleton to which 
 they had been previously reduced. The few 
 remaining men, fit for duty, marched about 
 the last of the month to the relief of Knox- 
 ville. The greater part of the severe winter 
 of 1863-4, was passed in the mountains of 
 East Tennessee. 
 
 In the month of January. 1864, marched 
 to Dandridge, in pursuit of Gen. Longstreet's 
 army — retreating at night over terrible 
 roads, to Strawberry Plains. Thence marched 
 through Knoxville to Louden, Tenn., where 
 they built log huts, and remained some weeks ; 
 and here, March 6th, 1864, they received the 
 first full rations since leaving Bridgeport, 
 being fully six months. The regiment marched 
 from here to Cleaveland, Tenn., where it re- 
 mained until the scanty remnant joined^ the 
 grand army of Gen. Sherman, on the Atlanta 
 campaign. Was engaged at Resaca, two days, 
 having about 20 men killed and wounded, 
 and in all the other battles and skirmishes, 
 with the exception of Rocky Face, (was eleven 
 days and nights under fire at New Hope 
 Church), until the morning of the 10th of 
 June, when all but the recruits and veterans 
 were ordered to Springfield, Illinois for 
 muster-out. They were mustered out July 
 7th, 1864. The veterans and recruits, whose 
 term of service had not expired, were con- 
 solidated with the Forty-second regiment Il- 
 linois Infantry Volunteers. 
 
 Firit-Assistant Surgeon. 
 Fitzer, John resigned Nov. 2, 1861. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY "A." 
 
 Privates. 
 Robbason, George mustered July 7, 1864. 
 
 Veteran. 
 Robinson, John S. trans, to Co. A 42d 111. infantry. 
 
 Recruit. 
 Merk, Conrad absent, sick at muster out. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY "B." 
 
 Privates. 
 Cook, Henry A. discharged June 10, 1862, disability. 
 Smith, Geo. B. " Feb. 20, 1862, 
 
 Hecruit. 
 Mullen, Owen, mustered out July 7, 1864. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY "C." 
 
 Miisidan. 
 Balzer, Ehnstein deserted Nov. 17, 1861. 
 
 Privates. 
 Armstrong, Geo. mustered out July 7, 1864. 
 Arthur, William killed at Stone river, Dec. 31, 1862. 
 Arrfls, Maham dis. for wounds rec'd Stone river, '63, 
 Crawford, David S., corp. died Louisville, Dec. 24,'63 
 Cambron, Zean deserted May 3, 1864. 
 Campdon, John " April 24, 1862. 
 Christian, Francis trans, to V. R. C. Aug. 1, 1863. 
 Crouse, Joseph discharged June 10, '62, disability. 
 Clark, Henry " " 26, '62, 
 
 Deisfer, Joseph trans, to 58th Ohio inf. 
 Driskell, William deserted May 11, 1863. 
 Hammer, Jacob " Nov. 12, 1861. 
 
 Hogan, James mustered out April 13, '65, pris. war. 
 Hopson, Wm. deserted Oct. 28, 1861. 
 Hierly, Jacob mustered out July 7, 1864. 
 Hancock, Richard " " " 
 
 Igoe, Thomas died of wounds Nov. 14, 1861. 
 Kamp, John dis. for wounds received at Stone river. 
 Libbott, Lorenz dis. to enter 4th U. S. cav. 
 Lowry, David mustered out July 7, 1864. 
 Lewis, William " " Jan. 12, '65, pris. war. 
 Mayer, Thomas corp. dis. Aug. 1, 1862, disab. 
 Mehem, Peter deserted Dec. 19, 1861. 
 McKinley, Stephen killed N. H. ch., Ga.May 28, '64. 
 Palmer, Champion J. M. 0. July 7, '64, woun. Resaca. 
 Parks, John mustered out July 7, 1864. 
 Pope, Richard " " " 
 
 Secruit. 
 Miller, John pris. of war since Sept. 19, 1863. 
 
 Mecruits. 
 Hatfield, Isaac W. discharged Nov. 7, 1861, disability 
 Higgins, Tolley " " 1, " " 
 
 Mace, Sebastian C. " " 3, " " 
 
 Simmons, Horace died Nov. 15, 1861, wounds. 
 White, Abuer C. discharged. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 McCurry, James dis. Jan. 31, '68, disability. 
 
 Privates. 
 Albright, Joseph J. M. (). July 7, 1864, as sergeant. 
 Gilleland, Adolphus killed Chickamauga Sept. 19, '63. 
 Mayo, Gideon deserted July 14, 1862. 
 Redick, Jackson mustered out July 7, 1864. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " F." 
 
 Veterans. 
 
 Bencker, Francis trans, to Co, F, 42d 111. inf. M. 0. as 
 
 corp. Dec. 16, 1865. 
 Bossle, Gustavus trans, to Co. F, 42d 111. inf. M, 0. as 
 
 corp. Dec. 16, 1865. 
 Hensohn, Phillip trans, to Co. F, 42d 111. inf. desertfed 
 
 June 18, 1865. 
 Mengelt, Matthew trans, to Co. F, 42d 111. inf. absent, 
 
 sick at muster out. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY 
 
 Privates. 
 
 •g: 
 
 Hughes, John B. vet. left with detach, of veterans of 
 
 22d 111. at headquarters 4th A. C. 
 Day, John D. trans. 42 111. inf. then 1 U. S. V. Eng. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANV "K. 
 Captain, 
 Thomas Challenor, resigned Aug. 31, '62. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 William Leishman, terra expired July 7, '61. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 J.Eiddle.kil'd at Chickamauga Sep.l9,'63,a8 l8t,Sergt. 
 John Edwards, died Oct. 12, '63, wounds. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Isaac Boal, mustered out July 7, '64, as Sergt. 
 Elisha Mayo, deserted April 17, '62. 
 John Holmes, mustered out July 7, '64, as Sergt. 
 
 Musician. 
 Frederick Killiam, trans, to Co. B Bentou Col. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 William Defoe, killed at Stone river Dec. 31, '62. 
 
 Privates. 
 Arbo. John died Jan. 9, '63, woun's. 
 Boal, Thomas killed at Belmont Nov. 7, '61. 
 Brehme, Adolphus prom. Sergt., disch'il Nov. 28, '62, 
 
 to enlist in 4th U. S. Cavalry. 
 Blackwood, Lawrence taken prisoner at Belmont, 
 Christianson, Paul mustered out Julv 7, '64. 
 Cull, Barney " " '' " " " 
 
 Dailey, Peter deserted April 17, '61. 
 Dailey, Francis discharged June 13, '62. wounds. 
 Eggberry, Wra., Corp'l, died Dec. 30, '61, wounds- 
 Edwards Edward mustered out July 7, '64. 
 Fagan, Patrick killed at Belmont Nov. 7, '61. 
 Ganther, John died at Birds' Point Sept. 21, '61. 
 Groll, Frederick trans, to V. E. C Sept. 30, '63. 
 Hellen Christopher H. died at Birds' Pt.Sept.lO,'6I. 
 Jones, Daniel mustered out July 7, '64. 
 Keating, Michael trans, to V. R. C. Aug. 1, '63. 
 Kinsey, W. tr. to V. R. C. July 28, '62, M.O.Sep.9,'64 
 Kehm, Christopher Sergt. died Oct. 3, '63, wounds. 
 Keagan, James mustered out Sept. 1, '64. 
 Lewis, Wm. L. Corp'l killed at Stone river Dec.31,'62. 
 Loyd, Henry discharged Dec. 31, '61, wounds. 
 McGregor, Archibald woimded at Belmont. 
 Mueller, Henry musi'd out July 7, '64, pris. war. 
 McAuley, John killed at Belmont Nov. 7, '61. 
 Nugent, James died at Mound City Dec. 4,'61,wounds, 
 O'Donnell, Charles mustered out July 7,'64, wounded. 
 Parrott, Michael " " " " " 
 
 Ros-s, Pelerdie I at Annapolis. Ml., Dec. '62, 
 Rainor, Robert discharged July 4, '61. 
 Rooney, Charles wounded at Belruont Mo. 
 Scanlan, Patrick killed at Belmont Nov. 7, '61. 
 Smith, Thomas mustered out July 7, '64. 
 Seoenberger, Egid " " •' " " 
 
 Sutton, Josiah di -charged July 4, '61. 
 Timiniski.AntoineSerg died at Chattanooga Jan.5,'64. 
 Weber, William died at Murfreesboro' April 18, '63. 
 Wrench, John died at Farmington Miss. Aug. 12, '62. 
 Yule, James Corp'l died Jan- 13, '63, wounds. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Schilling, Frederick trans, to Co. K 42d III. Infantry, 
 deserted Nov. 29, '65. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Jones, Evan killed at Stone river Dec. 31, '62. 
 Mitchell, Patrick discharged June 15, "62. disabilitv. 
 Pendergrast, James discharged May 22, '63, wound's, 
 (^uinn, John de-ierted July 12, '61. 
 Smith, Frederick, died at Cairo, Jan- 13, '62, wounds. 
 Sullivan, James discharged July 21, 62, disability. 
 Scally, Patrick mustered out Aug. 1, '64. 
 
 TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 
 
 {Three years' service.) 
 This was known as the "Hecker Regi- 
 ment." It was organized at Chicago, Illinois, 
 and mustered into United States' service, July 
 8th, 1861, by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, and soon 
 after, was ordered to Alton, III, and subse- 
 quently to St. Charles, Mo. ; thence to Mexico, 
 Mo. July 28th, 1861, it left Mexico, and 
 moved via St. Louis, to Ironton, Mo., where it 
 encamped until September ;id. It moved suc- 
 cessively on the 4th to Jackson ; 5th, to Fort 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 137 
 
 Holt; 13th, by rail to Cinciunati, with orders 
 to report at Washington. Arrested by the 
 accident which befell the 19th Illinois Volun- 
 teers, the regiment remained at Camp Den- 
 nison, Ohio, until Sept. 29th, when it moved 
 to Louisville, Ky. 'Ihe following day moved 
 to Colesburg, aLd guarded the railroad until 
 November 30th, when it was assigned to the 
 Eighth Brigade, Col. Turchin commanding. 
 Moved to Elizabethtown, December 5th, and 
 remained there till the 22d, when it marched 
 to Bacon's Creek, where it remained until Feb. 
 10th, 1862. With the Eighth Brigade in ad- 
 vance, the Division marched, February 10th, 
 1862, to Bowling Green, arriving on the 14th 
 inst., and remained until the 24th, when it 
 moved to Nashville. On the 18th, marched to 
 Murfreesbore, where it remained until April 
 5th, when the Division marched via Shelby- 
 ville and Fayetteville, to Huntsville. April 
 11th, marched to Decatur, from which the 
 enemy fled, leaving in their hands C. R. and 
 G. E. small arms and ammunition. From 
 here the regiment proceeded to Tuscumbia, 
 from where, April 22d, it crossed the Tennes- 
 see; repulsed a charge of the enemy's cavalry, 
 losing some prisoners, and returned to Hunts- 
 ville the 30th ult. Marched to Athens, May 
 1st; to Fayetteville the 26th; crossed the 
 Cumberland to a place opposite Chattanooga, 
 June 1st; to Jasper, Ten n., and Bellefonte, 
 June 7th, and on the 11th ult., returned to 
 Stephenson; from thence to Jasper, Tenn. 
 At Rankin's Ferry, companies F, G, and C, 
 had an engagement in which Capt. Kovats 
 and Lieut. Gerhart and one private were 
 wounded, and three missing. The regiment 
 next marched to the mouth of Battle Creek, 
 and remained until July 11th; then to Tul- 
 lahoma, and guarded station on the Nash- 
 ville and Chattanooga R. R , until Sept. 7th, 
 when with Gen. Buell's army it went in pur- 
 suit of the enemy, arriving at Louisville, Sept. 
 26th, 1862. October 8th, it participated in 
 the battle of Chaplain Hills, near Perryville^ 
 losing 25 killed, 77 wounded, 8 prisoners, and 
 2 missing. After this battle it marched to 
 Mitchelville, Ky., on the line of the L and 
 N. R. R., where it was stationed the remainder 
 of the year. 
 
 The veterans and recruits were consolidated 
 into one company, known as Co. A. This com- 
 pany was mustered out, July 31st, 1865, at 
 Louisville, Ky., and arrived at Camp Butler, 
 August 1st, 1865, for final payment and dis- 
 charge. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 Principal Musician. 
 Theodore Lanner, mustered out Aug. 6, 1864. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " C." 
 Corporafs. 
 Christopher Alheim, M. O. Aug. 6, '64, as private. 
 18 
 
 Priiates. 
 Bninner, John mustered out Aug. 6, 1864. 
 Bigehle, Leopoldt " •' " '' 
 
 Benny, Gregor killed at Cliickamaiiga, Sept. 19, '63. 
 Kluger, William discharged May 1, '63; disability. 
 Molz, Jos. transferred to V. R. U., Sept. 80, 1863 
 Reinhardt, Gust, died Nashville, Tenn., Mir. 24, '62. 
 Will, John, mustered out Aug. 6, 1864. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " G." 
 
 Recruits. 
 Lentz, William, transf. to V. R. C, Sept. 30, 1863. 
 Mailman, Jacob " to Head Qr's., 14 A. C. f. assig. 
 Russ, Frederick, discharged May 30, '63 ; disability. 
 Walter, Nicolaus trans, to H'd. Qr's , 14 A. C. f. assig. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " I." 
 
 Bea-uit. 
 
 Sherifl; John, transferretl to V. R. C, Nov. 30, '63. 
 
 TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years' Service..) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " H." 
 
 Samuel T. Moore, vet. M.O. July 20, '65, as sergeant. 
 
 Privates- 
 Linkford, Chas. F. vet. M. O. July 20, '65, as corporal. 
 
 THIRTIETH INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years' Service.) 
 Colonel. 
 Philip B. Fouke, resigned April 22, 1862. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 Williamson F. Boyakin; resigned Feb. 5, 1863. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFE. 
 
 Hospital Stewards. 
 
 Geo. W. Davis, mustered out July 17, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " E." 
 
 Captain 
 
 Linzey Steele, mustered out (as 1st Lieut ) July 18, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Thomas Ireland, mustered out (asserg"!.) July 18, '65. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 George Brevin, vet., killed at Kenesaw, June 27, '64. 
 
 Jesse Bauerman, mustered out July 17, '65 ; veteran. 
 
 Veterans. 
 
 Ireland, Thomas promoted 2d Lieut. 
 Ingalls. Edgar W. mustered out July 17, '6 >, as serg't. 
 Malone, Daniel " " " 
 
 Steel, Lindsey promoted. 
 
 Soper. Asa, died Marietta, Ga., Aug. 8, '64; wounds. 
 Recruits. 
 
 Deppe, A. H , mustered out July 17, 18">5. 
 Hardin, William E. died Miiietta, Ga., Aug. 20, '64. 
 Jernigan, John G., died at Rome, Ga., June 5, '64. 
 Jernigan, William B., M. O. July 17, '6-5, as corporal. 
 Lively, Amos A.,died New Albany, Ind., May 19, '64. 
 Newell, Thomas B. died Rome, Ga., July 17, '64, wds. 
 Welden, Smith B., mustered out July 17, '65. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " K " 
 Corporal. 
 John Hotts, vet., mustered out July 17, 1865. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Labar, Caspar, mustered out July 17, 1865. 
 Simson, William A. " 
 Sharpley, Henry, killed at Atlanta, July 22, 1864. 
 
 THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 
 
 Col. John Logans Regiment. 
 { Three years' service). 
 This regiment was organized by Col. John 
 Logan at Camp Butler, Illinois, and mustered 
 into the United States' service, December 31st, 
 1861. The term of service was three years. 
 Of this regiment a large portion of company 
 G, and a few recruits of company H, were 
 
 recruited in St. Clair county Jonathan 
 Moore was the first Captain of company G. 
 The history of this regiment adds new lustre 
 to the patriotism of St. Clair county. We 
 give in these pages a few of the most important 
 events in the history of the memorable Thirty- 
 second. 
 
 January 28th, 1862, the command was or- 
 dered to Cairo. February 2d, ordered to 
 Bird's Point, Mo., and on the 8th of February, 
 proceeded up Tennessee river. 9th, arrivid 
 at Fort Henry. 23d, joined First Brigade, 
 Col. I. C. Pugh commanding, Fourth Di- 
 vision, Gen. S. A. Hurlbut commanding. Pro- 
 ceeded to Pittsburg Landing, and on the 17th 
 camped two miles from the Landing. It bore 
 a distinguished and honorable part in the 
 battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862, 
 losing forty killed, and two hundred wounded. 
 Was engaged on the advance on Corinth. 
 
 On the 5th of October, 1862, fought the 
 battle of Matamora. This regiment did good 
 service here ; seven killed and five wounded. 
 On the 8th of November, in a forced march 
 southward, from La Grange, surprised and 
 captured over one hundred rebel cavalry at 
 Lamar, and routed the enemy, after many 
 hard marches, part of the time being on short 
 rations. In March, 1863, they moved to 
 Memphis, and remained until May 11th, when 
 they moved to Young's Point. On the loth 
 found the division ten miles below Vieksburg. 
 Thence to Grand Gulf, where they were de- 
 tained a few days as a garrison. 
 
 June 12th, the post was abandoned, and the 
 regiments joined the division on the lines 
 around Vieksburg ; engaged in the siege until 
 June 27th, when Col. Logan, with his regiment, 
 the One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio, and 
 one section of Artillery, was ordered to com- 
 mand the post at Warrenton, which was the 
 extreme left of the line. Rejoined brigade on 
 July 4th, and on the 5th marched with Sher- 
 man's Army toward Jackson, a very trying 
 march. After hard service and skirmishing, 
 and the capture of a battery of nine pieces of 
 artillery, on January 3d, 1864, moved to 
 Vieksburg, where it was mustered as a veteran 
 organization. Received furlough, March 16th, 
 and on April 28th, reassembled at Camp But- 
 ler, 111., and thence moved to Bird s Point, 
 Mo. May 8th, started for Clifton, Tenn , ar- 
 riving there on the 15th of the same month, 
 and on the seventeenth moved forward via 
 Pulaski, Tenn , Huntsville and Decatur, Ala., 
 Rome and Kingston, Ga., joined General 
 Sherman's army at Ackworth, June 11th, and 
 the next day, June 12th, 1864, participated 
 jn the siege of Kenesaw Mountain. The 
 Seventeenth Corps occupied the left of the line, 
 and the Thirty-second Regiment occupied the 
 exposed position on the advance. July 2d, 
 
,138 
 
 EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 ■was transferred to right of line on the 4th and 
 5th ; and on the 5th, when the Fourth division 
 assaulted the enemy's works, the Thirty- 
 second was the first to plant its colors on the 
 ramparts. July I8th, the regiment was trans- 
 ferred to the first brigade, and Col. Logan 
 took command of the brigade. While guard- 
 ing supplies at Marietta, a party of fifty men, 
 under Lieutenant Alex. Campbell, while fora- 
 ging, after a spirited resistance, were cap- 
 tured, only nine escaping. On the 3d, the 
 enemy attacked the line near Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain, and killed and captured twelve men. 
 The regiment remained near Marietta until 
 the " march to the sea " began, when, on Nov- 
 13th, it moved from that place, and from 
 Atlanta Nov. 15th, 1861. In the siege of 
 Savannah Capt. Lawson and four men were 
 wounded. The Regiment suffered greatly 
 from lack of food. Remained in camp in 
 Savannah, Ga., until January 5th, 1865, when 
 embarked at Thunderbolt for Beaufort, S. C, 
 disembarked 7th, and remained until Feb. 
 1st. On Feb. 3d, the division under command 
 of Gen. Giles A. Smith, waded the Salka- 
 hatchie river, two miles wide, and from two to 
 five feet deep, and ice cold ; and after a brief 
 half hour's skirminishing on the opposite 
 bank, compelled the enemy to evacuate their 
 strong line of defence. The regiment was at 
 this time in the third brigade, Gen. Belknap 
 commanding. Col. Logan was absent during 
 these two campaigns, on court-martial duty at 
 Louisville, Ky., and Capt. Ilider, afterward 
 Lieut. Colonel, commanded the regiment. 
 
 The Thirty-sepond took part in the grand 
 Review at Washipgton, May 24th, 1865. 
 Thence to Parkersburg, Va. ; thence to Lou- 
 isville ; thence moved westward, via St. Louis 
 and Fort Leavenworth, to Fort Kearney, 
 Nebraska, arriving August 13th ; returned 
 to Fort Leavenworth Sept. 2d. Sept. 16th, 
 mustered out there, and ordered to Camp But 
 }er, 111 , for final payment and discharge. It 
 traveled while in the United States service 
 11,000 miles, and its record makes glorious a 
 page of the state, 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " G." 
 
 Ca'ptains. 
 Jonathan Moore, recigned June 30, J.862. 
 riiomas B. Tinsley, re.'<igned A"g- J4, 1865. 
 Benjaiuin Beevis, iniist. out, as 1st Lieut., Sep. 16, '65. 
 
 Fir^l Lieutenant. 
 Ilpbert H. Stevenson, resigned April 8, 1862. 
 
 /Second Lieutenant. 
 Pavid W. Jenpings, resigned July 14, 1865. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Bicliard Rapier, died at St. Louis, Aug. 23, '62 ; vfd'a. 
 jared C. Milum, discharged June 19, 1862. 
 
 Corporal^. 
 William Andrews, mfiptered out Sept. 7, 1864. 
 Wijliam Lynjan, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Thomas B. Tinsley, vet., promoted. 
 Michael Connelly, mustered June 4, 1861. 
 Andrew C Smith, discharged May 6, 1864. 
 
 James Webb, dipch. June 19, 1864, as private. 
 Tliomas Bragg, vet., mustered out Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Thomas Boswell, killed at Sliiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Henry Walton, vet., mustered out Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 James Henry, transferred (o V. R. C. Oct. 15, '63. 
 Privates. 
 
 Adams, Silas depertcd April 20, '62. 
 
 Baxter, John " " 27, '62. 
 
 Brooks, Plenty died May 6, '62, Wounds. 
 
 Beois, Benjamin Vet., promoted to 1st Lieut. 
 
 Bishop, William mustered out Sept. 7, '64, term eJcp. 
 
 Baltoe, John discharged Aug. — '62, disability. 
 
 Benton, Daniel Vet., nnistered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 Clark, Alfred " " " " '' 
 
 Clark, Jonathan transferred to V. R. C. Oct. 15, '63. 
 
 Crocker, George discharged June 9, '62. 
 
 Cooper, Jesse discharged Sept. — '62. 
 
 Culliff, Jacob transferred te V. R. C Oct. 15, '63. 
 
 Cornwell, Harrison dipcharged Oct. 15, '62. 
 
 Cornnian, Reuben died at Camp Buller, Nov. 29, '61. 
 
 DAton, William mustered out Sept. 7, '64. 
 
 Dapp, Uavid deserted in action Oct. 5, '62. 
 
 Eliue, George, Vet., mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 Fitch, Sauuiel discharged at Keokuk, Iowa. 
 
 Kuesler, Lewis transferred to Co. "H," mustered out 
 Sept. 6, '65. 
 
 Fenix, John died at Jefferson Barracks, May 20, '62. 
 
 Greene, William F. discharged Sept. 20. '62, Wounds. 
 
 Gott, George killed at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 
 Gibson, William Vet., mustered out Sept. 16, '6-5. 
 
 Goodwin, Francis transferred to V. R. C. Oct. 15, "63. 
 
 Holcomb, Haber di^chalged June 9, '62, wounds. 
 
 Jenuings, David, Vet , prom. 2nd Lieut, from Serg't. 
 
 Kremer, Nicholas died in St. Louis, April 15, '62, 
 wounds. 
 
 Kniss, Jo.<eph N. 
 
 Kirby, William discharged Aug. 18, '63, wounds. 
 
 Lakin, John transferred to Co., " H" died. 
 
 Lasle.v, Charles O. discharged May 5, '62. 
 
 Million, Robert Vet., mus;ered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 McMnrtry, Andrew deserted Nov 21, '62. 
 
 Mason, John discharged June 9, '62, di-ability. 
 
 ■Matthews, Francis Vet., died in Andersonvilie pri- 
 son : grave 12 744. 
 
 Noblett, Charles Vet., mastered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 Owens, Alexander died at Camp Butler, Nov. 20, '61. 
 
 Priest, John Vet., mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 Pilgrim, William discharged June 9, '62, disability. 
 
 Henn, Henry transferred to V. R. 0. Oct. 15, '63. 
 
 Robinson, William died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 
 23, '63. 
 
 Sanders, Harvey Vet., mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 Sears, Jolin deserted Feb. 27, '62. 
 
 Scliraw, Conrad " April 6, "62. 
 
 Sheppard, John " Sept 6, '62. 
 
 Williams, John " March 21, '62. 
 
 Wallace, John C. Vet., killed by R. R. accident. 
 April 22, '64. 
 
 Welch, Thomas transferred to V. R. C. Oct. 15, '62. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Bragg, Thomas mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 Claik, Henry O. " " " " 
 
 Secruita. 
 Balteau, Alfred M. mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 Bragon, John " " '' " 
 
 Bennett, Thomas deserted June 26, '65. 
 Creed, George mustered out Sept. 16, '66. 
 Fizer, David G. killed at Kenesaw Mt. June 27, '64. 
 JanifS, Henry C. mustered out July 7, '65. 
 Jackson, John A. died in St. Louis, Mo., April 15th, 
 
 '62; wounds. 
 Stevens, John mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 Shaw, William C. Jr., " " " " 
 Shaw, Wm. C. Sr., died in Georgia, Dec. 4, '64. 
 finsley, James W. mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 
 MPSTER ROLL COMPANY " H." 
 
 Privates. 
 Dosley, Henry. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Cook, Robert J. mustered out Sept. 16, '65. 
 Carter, William T. deserted June 25, '65. 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 
 
 {Three years' service). 
 Of this regiment there were a few members 
 of companies A, D, and H, from St. Clair 
 county. The Thirty-second was organized at 
 Camp Butler, Illinois, in September 1861, 
 with Col. Chas. E. Hovey commanding, and 
 soon after became a part of the army operat- 
 ing in Missouri and Arkansas. In the early 
 part of the year 1863, the regiment became a 
 part of Gen. Davidson's corps, and subse- 
 quently participated in the battles of Port 
 Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, 
 assault and siege of Vicktburg, and siege of 
 Jackson. In August moved to JSew Orleans, 
 with the Thirteenth corps, and as a part of 
 Gen Ord's corps, engaged in the campaigns 
 up the Bayou Teche, afterwards did con- 
 siderable service in Texas. On the 1st Janu- 
 ary, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, 
 and March 14th, reached Bloomington, 111., 
 and received veteran furlough. April 18th, 
 
 1864, the regiment was re-organized at Camp 
 Butler, and proceeded to New Orleans. May 
 17th, ordered to Brashear City, La. Soon 
 after, the various companies of the regiment 
 were assigned at different places to perform 
 garrison duty. Companies A and D, at Tiger- 
 ville ; company H, at Boutte ; Regimental 
 Headquarters were at Terre Bonne. The Dis- 
 trict waa called the " District of Lafourche," 
 under command of Gen. Cameron. Septem- 
 ber 17th, 1864, the non-veterans were started 
 home via New York City, in charge of rebel 
 prisoners, and were mustered out at Camp 
 Butler on the 11th October, 1864. 
 
 In the early part of March, 1865, the regi- 
 ment was ordered to join the Sixteenth Array 
 Corps. Near Boutte Station the train was 
 thrown from the track, and nine men ki led 
 and seventy wounded. This regiment was 
 engaged in the battle of Spanish Fort, and 
 Mobile. Moved to Vicksburg, April 14th, 
 
 1865, and remained at that place until mus- 
 tered out of service, November 24th, 1865, 
 and ordered to Camp Butler. Illinois, for final 
 payment and discharge. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " A." 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Griffin, Isaac N., transferred from 117th Illinois M. 
 
 O, November 24, 1865. 
 Osborne, Mitchell M., transferred from 117th Illinois, 
 discharged, September 25, 1865 ; disability. 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " D." 
 iJeci'itite. 
 Leonard, Walter, died in Arkansas, July 12, 1862. 
 O'Bryant, George J., tran^ferred from 117th Illinois, 
 
 deserted, October 8, 1865. 
 Woodruff; James B., discharged, Deo. 8, '62 ; disab'ty. 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " H." 
 
 Recruits transferred from 117th Illinois Infantry, 
 and 122d Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Cooper, Wm., discharged, Oct. 22, 1865; wounds. 
 Lincoln, John T., mustered out, Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Farris, James B. mustered out, November 24, 1865, 
 Jenkins, David, miist'd out, Aug. 20, '65, as corporal. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 139 
 
 FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 
 
 {Three years' service). 
 
 The history of the Forty-third is one which 
 reflects great credit on the gallant men from 
 St. Clair county, who formed a large part of 
 the regiment ; and its brilliant and patriotic 
 achievements, on many an ensanguined field, 
 attest the bravery and sterling qualities of the 
 citizen soldiery of St. Clair ; her native born 
 and adopted sons were among the first to rush 
 to the front in defence of the national flag ; 
 and at the front they remained steadily and 
 persistently battling the enemy until victory 
 crowned the efforts of the national cause. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Camp But- 
 ler, Illinois, in the month of September, 
 1861, by Colonel Julius Raith, and on the 8th 
 of October following— only eight companies 
 being full— was ordered to St. Louis, and at 
 Benton Barracks the regiment was equi|)ped ; 
 in November did garrison duty at Oiterville, 
 Missouri ; on the 19th of January, 1862, re- 
 turned to Benton Barracks, where, with the 
 Tyventy-fifth Indiana, i_t formed a brigade, 
 under Geu. Strong, General Sherman com- 
 manding the post. Here companies I and K 
 joined the regiment. 
 
 On the 6th of February moved to Fort 
 Henry, arriving there on the 10th; 18ih, 
 moved to Fort Donaldson, where it was at- 
 tached, to Gen. Ross' Brigade. Gen. Mc- 
 Clernand's Division, on the 4th of March 
 moved to Bell s Landing; thence to Savannah, 
 Tenn., and on the 22d to Pittsburg Landing. 
 
 The Forty-third bore an honorable and 
 heroic part, distinguishing itself in the two 
 days' bloody battle of Shiloh, losing in killtd 
 and wounded, 200. Its commander, the noble 
 and dairing Raith was mortally wounded, 
 and died April 11th following. The follow- 
 ing officers were killed : Chajjlain Walther, 
 Capt. Grimm, Lieut. Lindroth, and Lieut. 
 Sacher. Capt. Edvall was mortally wounded 
 In May, 1862, the regiment participated in 
 the siege of Vicksburg. In June became a 
 part of Ross' Brigade, Logan's Division, Re- 
 serve Corps, Army of the Tennessee : Ordered 
 to Bethel, thence to Jackson, Tenn., arriving 
 at the latter place June 17th. From this 
 time until the early part of December, much 
 of the time of the command was employed in 
 skirmishing after guerillas. December 18th, 
 a part of the regiment moved to Jackson; the 
 same day started with an expedition, consist- 
 ing of the Forty-third and Sixty-first Illinois' 
 regiments. Colonel Engleman commanding; 
 moved out on the Lexington road, four miles, 
 meeting a detachment of the 11th Illinois and 
 5th Ohio cavalry, who had been driven from 
 Lexington, with a loss of many prisoners and 
 two cannon. Col. Engleman stationed his 
 command near the Salem cemetery. At day- 
 
 break following, cavalry were deployed to find 
 the position of the enemy. About nine o'clock 
 the enemy appeared, about 500 strong, driving 
 in a little squad of cavalry; and when within 
 seventy-five yards of their position, charged 
 headlong upon them with deafening cheers. 
 The Infantry had, however, withheld their 
 fire, and now poured in heavy volleys, send- 
 ing the enemy flying back, leaving from sixty 
 to eighty dead and wounded on the field. 
 The Forty-third had two men wounded. The 
 enemy was estimated at 1,800 strong, with 
 five pieces of artillery, under the daring 
 General Forrest, and engaged an infantry 
 force of 425 men. In the afternoon was re- 
 inforced, and pursued the enemy fifteen miles, 
 and then returned to Jackson, arriving there 
 December 21st. Two days thereafter, moved 
 with Col. Lawler's expedition, via Medon 
 Station, Denmark, Glover Creek, and Toon's 
 Station, returning on the 26tli to Bolivar, 
 Tennessee- In the spring of 1863, two hun- 
 dred men of the regiment were mounted, by 
 order of Gen. Braynian, commanding post, 
 and did excellent service, capturing guerillas. 
 The iattci; part of May moved to Memphis, and 
 by boat proceeded down the Mississippi and 
 up the Yazoo, disembarked at Satartia on the 
 4th. Here met and repulsed the enemy under 
 Gen. Adams, capturing a few prisoners. On 
 the 9th of June, moved to Haines' Bluff. 
 About the middle of July moved to Big Black 
 Hiver, thence to Snyder's Bluff; and on the 
 29th, embarked for Helena. August 6th, as- 
 signed to 1st Brigade, 2d Division, Arkansas 
 expedition. Gen. Steele commanding, going to 
 Helena, Clarendon, and Duvall's Bluff. On 
 the fircit of September moved from Duvall's 
 Bluff, and on the 6th Col. Engleman was 
 assigned, of the Second Division ; on the 10th 
 moved forward to the Arkansas river, and 
 laid pontoon. Two regiments of infantry, 
 several batteries, and a division of cavalry, 
 crossed the river. The infantry moved on 
 the north side of the river opposite Little 
 Rock ; the enemy evacuated the place, and 
 the l; th Illinois cavalry occupitd the place. 
 On the 11th the Forty-third was ordered into 
 the city, being the first infantry to occupy the 
 place. March 13th, 1864, the Forty-third 
 became a part of the Third Brigade, Col. A. 
 Engelman commanding Third Division, Gen. 
 Soloman in command. Major-General Steele 
 in command of the Red River expedition, 
 moved from Little Rock, March 28d, 1864. 
 On the 10th of April, the Forty-third engaged 
 and routed the enemy at Prairie d'Anne. The 
 enemy fell back upon their main force, half a 
 mile distant, and opened on the regiment with 
 artillery. Captain Vaughn's Battery replied 
 with telling effect. A general advance was 
 ordered, and the enemy gave way, and the 
 
 Forty-third was first in the enemy's 'works. 
 An artillery fire was kept up during the 
 night by the retreating forces ; the only casu- 
 alty being Lieut. Thomas, of Vaughn's Bat- 
 tery, slightly wounded. Toward midnight the 
 enemy's cavalry made an unsuccessful charge 
 on Vaughn's Battery. April 14th, after con- 
 siderable skirmishing, reached Camden, and 
 on the 17th a large train of 180 wagons was 
 captured by the enemy. The First Kansas 
 Regiment, co's A and D, who were escort, 
 fought bravely, but were overpowered by su- 
 perior numbers. The news of Gen. Banks' 
 defeat having now reached them, Camden was 
 evacuated, and the army moved toward Little 
 Rock. At Jenkins' Ferry, met the enemy 
 undtr Kirby Smith, and were attacked with 
 great fury. The Forty-third Illinois and »■ 
 section of Vaughn's Battery being rear-guard, 
 were first attacked. The federal loss in this 
 battle was seven hundred men, but that of the 
 enemy over two thousand men. The capture 
 of three cannon was made, two of which were 
 taken by the Second Kansas. The enemy 
 was successfully repulsed. 
 
 Consolidated. — January 17th, 1865 : — An 
 order of consolidation was issued by Major- 
 General J. J. Reynolds, in command of the 
 Department of Arkansas : " The term of ser- 
 vice of the Forty-third having expired, the 
 command is hereby re-organized, in accor- 
 dance with the provision of circular No. 36, 
 of 1864, of War Department, into a batta- 
 lion of seven companies, each of maximum 
 strength." * * * * 
 
 The command from this time forward until 
 its discharge, was principally engaged in skir- 
 mishing, and doing garrison duty. The regi- 
 ment was mustered out at Little Rock, Novem- 
 ber 30th, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, 
 111., December 14th, 1865, when final pay- 
 ment was made. 
 
 STAFF. 
 
 C olonels. 
 
 Julius Rath, died Ap. 11, '62, from wounds received 
 
 at the battle of Sliiloh. 
 Adolpli Engelmann, term expired Dec. 16, '64. 
 
 Liieutenanl Colonels. 
 Adolph Deng'er, transferred to field and staff, as con- 
 solidated. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Charles Stephani, resigned Ap. 1, '64. 
 Hugo Westerman, transferred to field and staff, as 
 consolidated. 
 
 First Assistant Surgeon. 
 Alexis K. Hartmann, discharged for good of service, 
 Dec. 31, '64. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIIONED STAFF. 
 Sergeant. 
 Adam Saltier, promoted lieut. co. " F." 
 
 Wagon Master. 
 Frederick Exter, promoted lieut. co. " G." 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " A." 
 Captain. 
 William Erhard, resigned Aug. 31, '62. 
 Henry Millitzer, term expired '64. 
 
140 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Peter Druckenbrodt, promoted to co. " F." 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 August Fritz, promoted to co. " D." 
 Wilhelm Zcigler, houornbly mus. out Feb. 17, '64. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Adam Graber, discharged Dec. 23, '65 ; disability. 
 George Krig, deserted Feb. 6, 'P2. 
 Joseph Deilz, discharged Aug. 14, '62; disability. 
 
 Corporals 
 Claries Kampmanu, vet., mustered out Nov. 30, '65, 
 
 as sergeani. 
 Henry Eoss, vet., trans, to co. ''A'' asconsi lidated. 
 Ji.nes Casbner, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 John DanmuUer, died in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 30, '63. 
 William Bruder, discharged June 20, '62; disability. 
 Nicholas Frank, killed at Sbiloh Ap. 6, '62. 
 Jiewis Seigman, mustered out Aug. 14, '64. 
 Jacob Emge, died Jan. 27, '62. 
 
 Musiciaiis. 
 Frelerick Wagner, died at Hill Prairie, 111., Mar. 
 
 9, '62. 
 John Greenewald, vet., mustered July 7, '65. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Barlay, Ernst, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Buikhardt, Henry, died atBolivar, Tenn., Jan. 19, '63. 
 
 Brumer, Christian, transferred to V.R.C. Nov. 29, '63. 
 
 Beiz, Mike, discharged Jv.ne 20, '62; disability. 
 
 Becker, William, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Brande, Christian, mn.stered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Ca^sens, W. Otto, died at Tipton, Mo., Feb. 16, '62. 
 
 Eberliardt, August, mustered out Aug 20, '64. 
 
 Frank, Giorge, " " " " 
 
 Freodtnbtrg, Frederick, died at St. Louis, Mar. 28, 
 '62. 
 
 Fluck, John, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Flaig, Lambert, " " " " 
 
 Frick, Alois, '' " " " 
 
 Fiuck, George, '' " '' " 
 
 Goldenbow,-John, discharged Julv 20, '62 ; wounds. 
 
 Geis, Phillip, " "" •' disability. 
 
 Gehrhardt, Jacob, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Hoover, Peter, deserted Aug. 18, '62. 
 
 Henning, Henry, discharged Jan. 8, '63; disability. 
 
 Hammann, William, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Horst, Henry, " '' " " 
 
 Herbstreit, Theodore, deserted Aug. 18, '62. 
 
 Koch, Henry, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Kaiser, Peler, " " •' '' 
 
 Knans, Frederick " " '■ '' 
 
 Kettler' Volrath, vet., trans, to co. "F," 43d Inft., 
 consolidated; promoted to sergt., then 2d lieut. 
 
 Kahse, Henry, deserted Feb. 6, '02. 
 
 Krannert, Charles, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Kribs, Fredeiich, " " '' " 
 
 Langhouse, Frilz, " " " " 
 
 Long, Lenus, deserted Aug. 18, '62. 
 
 Lannert, Frederick, mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Miller, John Jr., discharged Oct. 6, '62, disability. 
 
 Maur, Henry mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Menges, Thomas ■' " " " " 
 
 Miller, John Sr., deserted Aug. 18, '62. 
 
 Nettler, Frederick died at Bolivar Nov. 29, '62. 
 
 Narjes, Henry mustered out Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 OfFermann, Deidrich must'd out Aug. 26, '64 as Sergt. 
 
 Peters, George '' " •' '' " as Corp. 
 
 Peter, William " " " " " 
 
 Riichchr, Frederick deserted Feb. 6, '62. 
 
 Keuling, Henry mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Ilicliter, Frederick died at Tipton Mo. Feb. 1, '62. 
 iSclirothe, Henry mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 Seliger, Ambio<e discharged Oct. II, '62, wounds. 
 Seibert, Franz discharged Sept. 10, '62, wounds. 
 Schuler, Gottlieb died at Hamburg Tenn. May 27,'02. 
 .Stein, Josjph mustered out Aug. 24, '64. 
 Schiilze, Adam discharged Aug. 18, '62. wounds. 
 Sikaur, Peter vet., mustered out Nov. 30, '65. 
 Sutter, Andreas mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 Schwizer, ,Tohn. 
 
 Schmidt, Valentine mustered out Aug. 26, ''64. 
 Schlott,Jiifo'.i " " " " " 
 
 Schmitz, John killed at Sbiloh. 
 Sahn, John mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 Sonnenberg, Andreas '' '' '' " " 
 Sehwebel, George " " " " " 
 TwenhiEfel, Hermann ■' " " " 
 Tiires, Peter " " " " 
 
 Vornfeld, Henry killed at Sbiloh. 
 
 VoUmar, August died Aug. 31, '62. 
 
 Wirsing, George discharged May 15, '65, disability. 
 
 Weiee, Fritz veteran. 
 
 Weiser, Franlz discharged Oct. 10, '62, wounds. 
 
 Worner, Beinhard mustered out Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Wilhelm, John " " ' " •' 
 
 Werling, Joseph discharged June27,'62, wounds. 
 
 M'eiland, Joseph discharged Oct. 10, '62, wounds. 
 
 Williams, Ernst mustered out Aug. '64. 
 
 Weber, Jacob deserted P^eb. 6, '62. 
 
 Wangeling, Gustave mustered out Ang. 26, '64. 
 
 Zimmermann, George " " " " " 
 
 Zimmerly, Jacob discharged May 26, '62, disability. 
 
 VeteraTit. 
 Kampmann, Charles must'd out Nov. 30, '65, as Sergt. 
 Weise, Fritz. 
 
 Recruits. ' 
 
 Schultz, Frederick mustered out Nov. 30, '65. 
 Steehl, Phillip " " JiUy 7, " 
 
 Seliner, John " " Nov. 39, " 
 
 MUSTER BOLL COMPANY B 
 
 Captain. 
 Sanrtiel Sohimminger, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 George H. Hoering, promoted to co. K. 
 Henry Strassinger, hon'bly discharged, Feb. 27, '64. 
 John Wolz, term expired, Sept. 26, 186-1. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Adam PfafF, term expired, September 26, 1864. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 John Woltz, promoted. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Louis Dressier, discharged, Sept. &, 1862; wounds. 
 Louis Weil, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Adam Pfaff, vet., promoted second Lieutenant. 
 Frederick Eeichert, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Adams Arres, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Joseph Kieth, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 H. Liebig, Vet. Segt. , murdered on way to Little Rock. 
 Henry Shultz, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864, as Sergt. 
 Conrad Lang, mustered out, September 2ti, 1864. 
 Frederick Keil, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Frederick Rath, discharged, Oct. 17, 1862 ; disa'ty. 
 
 Frederick Bolte, vet., died at Little Rock, Sept. 11, '65. 
 Privates. 
 
 Annen, Peter, died, April 12, 1862 i wounds. 
 
 Appel, George, vet, mustered out, Nov. 80, '65, Corp'l. 
 
 Brokmeyer, Frederick, disch'd, Oct. 26, 1862 ; disa'ty. 
 
 Bieger, Thomas, vet. 
 
 Bassenhorst. William, mustered out, Sept. 26, 18'64. 
 
 Fisher, Theodore, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Gross, Val., vet., transf d to co. A, as consolidated. 
 
 Gruner, Frederick, vet., mustered out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Houfert, Henry, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Hoob, John, mustered out, August 31, 1864. 
 
 Hermann, Louis, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Hatzenbusle, Coiirad, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Hotfman, Peter, vet., mustered out, Nov. 30, '66, as 
 Ist Sergeant. 
 
 Hartman, Wendell, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Herbst, Frederick, mustered out, Sept. 21, 1864. 
 
 Basel, G. Washington, killed at Sbiloh, .\pril 6, 1862. 
 
 Kougor, August, discharged, Aug. 7, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Krutlcr, John, mustered out, September 26, 1804. 
 
 Kisuss, Louis, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Kuhn, Simon, mustered out, September 20, 1864. 
 Lepert, John, mustered out, September 20, 1864. 
 Landgraff, John, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Mishon, George, died at Bolivar, Tenn., Aug. 28, '62. 
 Metzger, John, died at llaincs' Bluff, June 27, 1863. 
 Muller, John, vet., mustered out, July 7, 1805. 
 Mohr, Frederick, mustered out, Nov. 30, 1805. 
 Oestreicher, John, died December 25, 1801. 
 Phertner, Jacob, discharged, Sept. 9, 1802 ; wounds. 
 Peters, William, mustered out, Sept. 20, 1804. 
 Rauth, John, mustered out, September 26, 1804. 
 Riede, Joseph, died at Keokuk, April 22, '02 ; wounds. 
 Shalter, Chris., vet., must'd out, Nov. 30, '65, as 1st 
 
 Sergeant commanding. 
 Schneider, Frederick, died at Ft. Henry, Mar. 7, '62. 
 Sheidt, Charles, discharged, Sept. 9, '862; wounds. 
 
 Steinmann, Henry, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 Shoifer, Michael, discharged, Aug. 5, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Stock, Martin, vet., mustered out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Stein, Henry, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Sator, John, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Seibert, Henry, vet., mustered out, Nov. 80, 1865. 
 Schneider, George, died, Jan. 28, lh62. 
 Stetlzcing, T. Conrad, killed at Sbiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Volbracht, Joseph, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 Weber, Adam, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 Weitmann, John, died, April 15, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Weber, Frederick, mustered out, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 Zerban, Henry, mustered out, September 26, 1864. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Bolte, Friederich, died at Little Rock, Sept. 11, 1865. 
 Bieger, Thomas, mustered out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Sommer, John, died at Little Rock, Dec. 21, 1864. 
 Vinot, Louis, mustered out, November-30, 1865. 
 
 Mecruits. 
 Baehr, George mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Dersch.John 
 
 Deitrich, John " " 
 
 Eisenhardt, Gustof " " July 7, 1865. 
 
 Frus, John Adam " " Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Granel, John " '' " " 
 
 Hoffman, John 
 Kopf, Joseph " 
 
 Kaiser, Charles " " July 7, " 
 
 Krumrey, Jacob " " Nov. 30 " 
 
 Lovenson, Nels ' 
 
 Lortnz, Joseph " " " " 
 
 Lang, William discharged Oct. 31, 1863. 
 Lehr, August mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Lulz. Daniel " " July 7, '65, as corp. 
 
 Mann, Charles " " '' '' 
 
 Mann, David ' 
 
 Peters, William " " Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Stub, Eeinhardt " " " " 
 
 Schaubert, Peter 
 
 Schmidt, George " " '' 
 
 Wolf, Jacob • 
 
 Wolf, Adam 
 
 Winkler, Nicholas '' " " " 
 
 Weilwert, David, died Camp Ford, Texa°, Jan. 15, 
 '65, prLsoner of war. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " D." 
 Mrst Lieutenant. 
 August Fritz, resigned Nov. 14, 1864. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " F." 
 Captains. 
 
 Peter Druckenbrodt, resigned Nov. 12, 1862. 
 Ern.-t Wuerfel, transf. to Co. C, as consolidated. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Adam Sattler, died April 28, 1863. 
 
 Privates. 
 Fischer, Andrew, died at St. Louis, June 21, 1862. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Adam, Anton. 
 Drackenboot, Wm. trans, fr. Co. H, disch.Nov. 12, '62. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " G." 
 Captains. 
 Franz Grimm, died April 6, 1862. 
 Charles Hoenny, Capt. Co. D, as consolidated. 
 
 Pirst Lieutenant. 
 Charles Storck, transf. to Co. D, as consolidated. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 John Lindroth, died April 6, 1862. 
 Piederick iSxter, transf. to Co. D, as consolidated. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Charles Storck, promoted 1st Lieut. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Theodore Schneider,vel.,a(cidenlally killed Sep. 7, '64 
 Charh-s Doll, n.ust. cut. Dec. 16,'t:4 ; as piivate. 
 Ernst Scheidig, died April 10, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Arnold Grob, killed at Sbiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Charles Siegrist, discharged Feb. 23, 1862 ; disability. 
 Herman Wiegund, vet., M. O. Nov. 30, '65 ; as priv. 
 Henry Kremer, vet., mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Fredeiick Behlock, died Aiiril 18, 1862; wounds. 
 Henry Schroeder, vet., M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865, as priv. 
 Edward Schaefer, discharged June 28, 1862 ; wounds. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 141 
 
 Privates. 
 Brenura, John mustered out Deo. 16, 1864. 
 BawB, Adam, vet., died at Little Rock, Oct. 15, '65. 
 Dober, Joseph killed al Hhiloli, April 6. 1862. 
 E jkert, Gottfried discharged Sept. 9, ' 62 ; disability 
 Fischer Charles, vet., M. O. Nov. 30, '65 ; as corporal. 
 Frank, Herman deserted Feb. 6, 1862. 
 Frorbel, Henry transf. to Eegt. Band, Nov. 13, 1861. 
 Gernhaid, John died at Jackson, Ttnn., April 16, '62. 
 Geiger, John mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Graff.OeorgeP. killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Grass, Henry, vet., died at Little Kock, Sept. 4, '64. 
 Hess, Louis mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Holdener, Joseph, vet., mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Hodop, Erhard mustered out Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Hoffman, George killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Heinrioks, Anton, mustered out, Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Hillman, Martin, died May 30, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Kaub, Dominick, died at St. Louis, April 20, 1862. 
 Kopphel, William, mustered out Deo. 16, 1864. 
 Knaft, Siegmund, wounded, deserted Aug. 18, 1862. 
 Lielich, Henry, killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862. 
 Lehman, Leopold , died at Helena, Ark. Aug. 8, 1863. 
 Mayers, John, veteran, mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Myer, Andreas, " " " " " 
 
 Ffeifer, Peter, died at Helena, Ark., 1863. 
 I'ersohbacher, Fred. G., mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Rhein, Frederick " " " " 
 
 Sendeback, John, dishon. discharged Oct. 30, 1861. 
 Seeman, Jotin, mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Steible, Edward, discharged June 3, 1863. 
 Schmidt, Charles A., mustered out Dee. 16, 1864. 
 Strittmater, Jacob, veteran, M. 0. Nov. 30,1865, sergt. 
 Sohaefer, John, discharged May 15, 1863 ; disability. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Balser, Theodore, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865, as 1st sergt. 
 Fischer, George, " " " 
 
 Holdmyer, Joseph, " " " as corp. 
 
 Joho, Samuel, " " " " 
 
 Kretner, Henry, " " " " 
 
 Ludescher, Franz, " July 7, 1865. 
 Salterbach, Christian, died at Little Rock, May 15,'65 
 Schroeder, Henry, M. 0. Nov. 10, 1865, as sergt. 
 Stutzel, Henry, " " " 
 
 Recruits. 
 Bruner, George, died at Little Rock, Oct. 30, 1864. 
 Faeger, Gottlieb, mustered out July 7, 1865. 
 Giefhardt, Henry, " " " 
 
 Heinrichs, John, •' Nov. 30, " 
 
 Heinbach, Carl, " July 7, •' 
 
 Joachrim, Adam, " " " 
 
 Kranz, John, absent sick at muster out of regt. 
 Leuchter, George, mustered out May 29, 1865. 
 Rohrbaok, Fred., died at Little Rock, Sept. 15, 1864. 
 Roth, Valentine, mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Schwartz, Theodore, " " " 
 
 MUSTEK EOLL, COMPANY "h" 
 
 Captain. 
 Westerman, Samuel, promoted major. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Westerman, Louis, resigned Feb. 5, 1862. 
 Fuess, Joseph, trans, to co. E as consolidated. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Hax, George L., trans, to field and staff as consol. 
 
 Sergeant. 
 Burghardt, Henry, mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Keuen, Pius, veteran. 
 Luokner, Bernard, veteran. 
 Young, William, discharged Oct. 8, 1862 ; disability. 
 
 Musician. 
 Drukenbrolt, William, discharged Nov. 11, 1862. 
 
 Privates. 
 Baumnhardt, Jacob, discharged Oct. 17, 1862. 
 Bush, Hermann, vet., was commissioned sergt. 
 Dingeldein, Jacob, veteran. 
 
 Golenow, William, discharged Nov. 8, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Hanmann, George, mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Hacting, William, discharged Oct. 17, 1862 ; disability 
 Kaeser, Joseph, died at home Aug. 16, 1863. 
 Kuehn, Daniel, veteran, died May 15, 1864; wounds. 
 Kochler, Emil, veteran. 
 
 Klein, Phillip, veteran, mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Munsch, John, discharged Nov. 23, 1862. 
 
 Muzzarelli, Baedo, mustered out Dec. 15, '64, Ist sergt. 
 Meiser, Emil. discharged Oct. 26, 1862. 
 Palmtag, Louis, veteran, died Sept. 22, 1864. 
 Rode, Henry, discharged Nov. 8, 1862 ; wounds. 
 Bind, Henry, mustered out Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Sternmann, Christian, vet., mustered out, Nov. 30,'65 
 Steitle, Frank, died (or discharged) Oct. 17, 1862. 
 Seiring, Jacob, died at Little R(jck July 7, 1863. 
 Schubert, Oswald, killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. 
 Wolf, John, discharged Nov. 2, 1862. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Balsizer, Rudolph, mustered out Nov. 30, 1862. 
 Groth, Peter Clausen, mustered out Nov. 30, 1862. 
 Dingeldein, Jacob. 
 Luckner, Bernhard. 
 Roth, Henry. 
 Seifert, John. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Boyer, George F., mustered out, Nov. 30, 1865, 
 Bretthauser, Oscar, corp., deserted Sept. 29, 1865. 
 Buehele, Benjamin, mustered out May 30, 1865. 
 Engel, Ferdinand, mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Geirs, Theodore, died at Little Rock, July 11, 1864. 
 Hilliard, Ernst F., promoted 1st Lieut, co. K. 
 Holler, Frank, mustered out July 7, 1865. 
 Klinkhardt. Herman F., mustered out July 7, 1865. 
 Lehr, George, mustered out July 7, 1865. 
 Leibrock, Louis, mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Meyer, Peter, mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Owen, Thos., dishon. disch. Jan. 3,'66,date Nov.30,'65 
 Schlesinger, Henry, mustered out July 7, 1865. 
 Stevenson, Benjamin L., mustered out May 27, 1865. 
 Voelker, Theodore 0., M. 0. Nov. 30, '65, as corp. 
 Weiss, Jacob, mustered out Nov. 30, 1 865. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL, COMPANY " I." 
 Captain. 
 Charles, Stephani, promoted Major. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Burger, Jacob F., mus. out July 7, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL, COMPANY "K." 
 Captain. 
 George H. Hoering, Capt. Co. " G," as consolidated. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bueton, Otto, discharged Jan. 18, 1862. 
 Krim, John. 
 Zimmerman, Anton, disch. Nov. 7, 1862, disability. 
 
 Veterans. 
 DettlofF,August, M. 0. Nov.30,'65 ; as mu'anCo. G con. 
 Meyer, Wentzel,promoted princi'l musi'n 43d Reg. con. 
 Pitfiigshaupt, John,M.O.Nov.30,'65,as musi'n Co. G con 
 Serela, Lewis, promoted 1st Lieut. 
 Siloff, Frederick, mus. out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Seibert, August, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Spahn, Adam, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Wentzel, Rudolph, disch. Feb. 7, 1865 ; disability. 
 
 Meeruits. 
 Friek, Joseph, M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 Grumnewaid, George, M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 Haller, Louis, M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 Kayser, Fred., M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Pfaff, Fred., M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 Reinege, Casper, M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 Rowles, William, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Unassigned Recruits. 
 Branner, George J. 
 Cooper, Robert A. 
 Fisher, John. 
 
 Hanmant, Nicholas, died at Camp Butler, Mar. 21, 64. 
 Heminger, Frederick. 
 Kraus, John. 
 Knebler, Jacob F., 
 MuUer, Michael. 
 Stieger, Louis. 
 Tindale, James L. 
 
 FOETY-THIRD INFANTRY, (aS CONSOLIDATTD ) 
 
 Colonel. 
 Adolph Dengler, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel. 
 Hugo Westerman, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Majors. 
 George H. Hoering, M. 0. as Captain, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Adjviant. 
 George L. Hax, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 NON-COM.MISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 Sergeant Major. 
 
 Clemens Neicksch, M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 
 Q. M. Sergeant- 
 horns Hoffman, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Hospital Stewards. 
 Charles Meyenn, disch. Feb.7,'65,to en'st as H. 8., U.S.A. 
 Richard lisoher, M. 0. July 7, 1865. 
 
 Prinaipsd Mutsiaian. 
 Wenzel Meyer, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL, COMPANY " C." 
 
 Captain. 
 Ernst Wuerpil, resigned Feb. 16, 1865. 
 
 Reirui's. 
 Bonroe, Charles, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Bieschel, Michael, M. 0. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Collischong. George, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Flaig, Lambert, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Goelz, Win. H., must'd out Nov. 3 », 1865. 
 Graul, Valentine, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Hays, Gottlieb, must'd out Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER BOLL COMPANY " D.'' 
 Captain. 
 Charles Hornny, term expired May 9, 1865. 
 Frederick Exter, nmslered out. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Charles Storch, resigned June 6, 186.5. 
 Clemens Nicksch, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 H. Ros.s, must'd out, (as Ser'gt Co. G.) Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Gadin, Benj., must'd ont Nov. 30 1865, as Corpl. 
 Kiefer, Joseph, mn.«t'd out July 7, 186-5. 
 Knebel, Henry, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Lange, Ludwig, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Panger, Wm., must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Pfiffner, Franz, munt'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 'Rmf, Rupert, musi'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Kache, Peter, mn, t'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Schneider, Peter, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 kSisk, Henry, must'd ont, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Stein, Charles, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 MUSTEE EOLL COMPANY " E." 
 
 Captain. 
 Joseph Fuess, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Emil Kochler, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Bernhard Lokner, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Private. 
 Gansmann, John, must'd out, Oet. 26, 1865. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Schmidt, Conrad, died July 26, 1865. 
 Sellinger, George, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Stanfer, Jacob, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Spaehnle, John, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Schapp, Jacob, must'd out, Nov 30, 1865. 
 Schopp, George, must'd out, Nov. 30 1865. 
 Thebus, Wm., must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Zwanegle, Adam, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL COMAPANY "G." 
 
 Captain. 
 George H. Hoering, promoted Major. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 C. Sehaler, mustered out (as Sergt.) Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, 
 Burkhardt, Bernhardt, must'd out. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Butscher, John, musi'd out, Nov. 30, 186-5. 
 Magin, Charles, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Eahler, John, must'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Vollrath, Charles, nuist'd out, Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
142 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY "l." 
 Captain. 
 Frederick Exter, Transferred to Co. D. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 John Gruenewald, resigned June 26, 1865. 
 
 FORTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 
 
 {Three yeari service). 
 
 This regiment, Illinois volunteers, was or- 
 ganized at Camp Butler, Illinois, by Col. Wil- 
 liam R. Morrison, Dec. 31st, 1861, and on the 
 23d Feb. was ordered to Cairo, Illinois. Was 
 assigned to the Third Brigade, McClernand's 
 Division, at Fort Henry, the 8th ult., and on 
 the 11th moved to Fort Donelson. Engaged 
 the enemy on the 13th, losing 14 killed and 
 37 wounded. Col. Morrison, commanding the 
 Brigade, was among the wounded. Remaining 
 at Donelson until March 4th, it moved to 
 Metal Landing and two days later embarked 
 for Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. Disembarked 
 at Savannah, and on the 21st completed the 
 march. 
 
 Participated in the battle of Shiloh, April 
 6th and 7th, 1862, losing 17 killed and 99 
 wounded. Lieut. Col. Pease, commanding 
 regiment, and Maj. Bishop, were among the 
 latter. Was in the siege of Corinth, and June 
 4th, moved to Bethel ; was assigned to Brig. 
 Gen. John A. Logan's First Division, District 
 of Jackson — Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand 
 commanding. 
 
 Moved from Bethel, Tenn., by rail, March 
 10th, 1863, to Germantown, and on the 12th 
 to White Station, and was assigned to the 
 Fourth Brigade, Col. W. W. Sanford; First 
 Division, Brig. Gen. W. S. Smith ; Sixteenth 
 Army Corps — Maj. Gen. S A. Hurlbut com- 
 manding. Joined Gen. F. Steele's expedition 
 to Little Rock, Ark , at Helena, Aug 21st, 
 and on the 28th, was assigned to Col. True's 
 Brigade, and Sept. 2d, joined the main Army 
 at Brownsville, Ark. Nov. 10th, assisted in 
 the capture of Little Rock. On the 15th, 
 moved by rail via Duvall's Bluff, to Memphis, 
 arriving Nov. 21st, 1863. 
 
 January 15th, 1864, three-fourths of the 
 regiment re-enlisted, and were mustered as 
 veteran volunteers, assigned to the Third 
 Brigade, Col S. H. Wolf, Third Division, 
 Brig. Gen. A. J. Smith of the Sixteenth Army 
 Corps. 
 
 On the 27th iust, marched to Vicksburg, 
 Miss., and was with Maj. Gen. Sherman in 
 the Meridian campaign, returning to Vicks- 
 burg, March 3d. Was assigned to Red River 
 expedition, and on March 14th, participated 
 in the capture of Fort De Russey, La. ; April 
 9tb, engaged in the battle of Pleasant Hill, 
 La., and returned to Memphis June 10th, 
 1864. 
 
 June 24th, ordered to Illinois for veteran 
 furlough. The detachment of non veterans 
 
 remained, commanded by Capt. John A. 
 Logan, engaging in the battle of Tupelo, July 
 14th and 15th, 1864. After the expiration of 
 the veteran furlough rendezvoused at Centra- 
 lia. 111., and proceeded via Cairo and Memphis 
 to Holly Springs, and rejoined the command. 
 Participated in the Oxford expedition, and 
 returned to Memphis, August 30th. 
 
 Arrived at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Sept. 
 30th ; moved thence to Franklin, and drove 
 the enemy from the place ; was with the army 
 in pursuit of Gen. Price through Missouri, and 
 returned to St. Louis, Nov. 18th, 1864. From 
 there it moved to Nashville, Tenn., and took 
 part in that battle December 15th. On the 
 24th, was ordered to Paducah, Ky., to muster 
 out non-veterans, and thereafter the regiment 
 did garrison duty. Was mustered out Sept 
 9th, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, 111., 
 Sept. 15th, 1865, for final payment and dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Colonels. 
 William E. Morrison, resigned Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel. 
 Thomas G. Allen, resigned Nov. 26, '61. 
 
 Major. 
 John B. Ilay, resigned Dec. 18, '61. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 William Martin, died at Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 26, 
 '63. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 William Heinzelman, mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 Commissary Sergeant. 
 Thomas Sowman, vet., mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 
 Principal Musician. 
 Jacob Hear, vet., mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY "B." 
 Privates. 
 Atchison, William, vet. 
 Denoi, Loui, died Jan. 6, '62. 
 PuUin, James, discharged July 22, '62; disability. 
 Will, James, deserted June 28, '63. 
 Recruits. 
 
 Hughes, Samuel, killed at Fort Donelson Feb. 13, 
 
 '62. 
 Hogan, John F., mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " C." 
 Recruits, 
 Heiz, Xavier, mustered out Sept. 9, '65. ' 
 Boettger, Frederick, vet. 
 Tenzing, Henry, mustered out July 1, '65. 
 Wellenbrook, John, '■ " •' " 
 
 MCSTER ROI L COMPANY " E." 
 Captain. 
 John O. Berry, term expired Jan. 9, '65. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Martin T. Lynch, mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 James Mitchell, term expired Jan. 9, '65. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 James MitchtU, promoted 2d lieut. 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Cornelius Casey, transferred to Mulligan's Brig. Jan. 
 
 24, '62. 
 Edmund Hermens, discharged Nov. 17, '62 ; disab. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Sebastian Fahrenback, mustered out Jan. 9, '65, as 
 
 sergeant. 
 William Miller, mustered out Jan. 9, '65. 
 
 Jeremiah Sullivan, deserted .Tan. 15, '62. 
 David S. Welch, died Feb. 18, '62 ; wounds. 
 
 MuJiicians. 
 George Beale, vet. 
 Wm. Station, tr. by pr. to 2d W. Tenn. Inf. Dec. 29, '63. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 William Martin, promoted adjutant. 
 
 Privates. 
 Aicardy, Francis, vet., mustered out Sept. 9,-'65. 
 
 Beuvill, John, " " ' 
 
 Borgeno, Joseph, " " Mar. 11 " 
 
 Carroll, James diopped from the rolls, Oct. 31, '64. 
 Coursair, Victor, deserted Feb. 1, '62. 
 Decoursey, Felix, vet., mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 Fitzsimmons, Robert, " '■ Jan. 9, '&\ 
 
 Geisman, Jacob, vet , " " Sept. 9, '65. 
 
 Gallagher, John, deserted Feb. 4, '62. 
 Gray, William, mustered out Jime 29. '6-5. 
 Hatfield, John, died accidental wounds Feb 2. '64. 
 Hanson, Shakelton, discharged July 1, '62; wounds. 
 Hopson, Michael, vet., wounded and captured at 
 
 Pleasant Hill, La., Ap., '65, not heard from since. 
 Herbert, John, vet., absent; sick since Ap. 1., '65. 
 Kellv, John, trans, to co. "I" 29(h III. Infty. May 
 
 8, ''62. 
 Krieg. George, deserted Oct. 31, '62. 
 Lemon, John, vet., mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 Moore, James, descried Oct. 31, '62. 
 Meiers, Daniel, mustered out Jan. 9, '65. 
 McKeoun, Dennis, transferred to Mulligan's Brig. 
 McKeoun, Barney, transferred to Mulligan's Biig. 
 Perry, John, deserted Feb. 4, '62. 
 Pensoneau, Julius, vet., mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 Kheinhardt, John, vet, mustered out Sept. 9, '65. 
 Sowman, Thomas, vet., promoted com. sergt. 
 Selig, August, vet., mus. out Sept. 9, '65, as corporal. 
 Trambly. Amable, mustered out Mar. II, '65. 
 Van Valkenburg, Ab'm., trans, to Mulligan's Brig. 
 Wren, Thomas, discharged Ap. 8, '63; disability. 
 Recruits. 
 
 Ba.scus, George, surrendered to 9th 111. Civ. ; desert- 
 ed July 3, '63. 
 
 Carr, Samuel, died at Bethel, Tenn., Oct. 30, '63. 
 
 Gier, Peter, discharged Jan. 21, '62 ; disability. 
 
 Harrison, Bansom C., musteied out July 1, 'w. 
 
 Holmes, Nathaniel T., mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 Kalmel, Alexander, killed at Pleasant Hill, La., Ap. 
 9. '64. 
 
 Miller, John, mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 Newberry, James T., mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 Newberry, John N., mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 Rucker, Peter, trans, to V. R. C. ; dis. Ap. 10, '65 ; 
 disability. 
 
 Robertson, Charles W., discharged by reason of for- 
 mer discharge not allowing him to re enlist. 
 
 Tate, George J., died at Bethel, Tenn., Dec. 19, '62. 
 
 Woods, Peter E., mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " H." 
 Recruits. 
 Krimmel, George, mustered out July 1, '65. 
 Looke, Gerhard John, mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " I." 
 Recruits. 
 Alexander, John, mustered out July 1, '65. 
 
 UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 
 Brehna, Charles D. T. 
 Clark, John W. 
 Ehleud, Charles, 
 Grieshaber, Henry. 
 Hober, Henry. 
 Roser, George. 
 Roedinger, John. 
 
 FIFTIETH INFANTRY. 
 
 {Three years' service). 
 
 This regiment, Illinois Volunteers, was or- 
 ganized at Quincy, Illinois, in August, 1861, 
 by Col. Moses M. Bane, and mustered into 
 United States service, Sept. 12th, 1861, by 
 Capt. T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A. 
 
 October 9th, moved to Hannibal, Mo. ; 
 
HISTORY OF SI. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 143 
 
 19th, to Chillicothe ; Nov.- 27th, to St. Joseph, 
 reporting to Col. R. F. Smith, commanding 
 post December 19th, to Palmyra; 24th, to 
 St. Joseph. January 21st, 1862, ordered to 
 Cairo, Illinois, thence to Smithland, Ken- 
 tucky, where the regiment reported to Col 
 Lauman, Jan. 28th. February 6th, marched 
 into Fort Henry ; 12th ult., forming a part of 
 Col. John Cook's Third Brigad>-, of the Se- 
 cond Division, marched against Fort Donel 
 son. February 13th, 14th and 15th, took au 
 active part at Fort Donelson. 23d, occ!Ui)ied 
 Clarksville, Tenn., and on the 28th, arrived 
 at Nashville. Remained on board the boat, 
 and returned to Clarksville March 1st. On 
 the 25th, was ordered to Pittsburg Landing. 
 Engaged in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th 
 and 7th ; in the siege of Corinth, May, 186-', 
 and June 4th, under Maj Gen. John Pope, 
 pursued the enemy as far as Boonville, Mis- 
 sissippi. Returned to camp near Corinth, 
 June 10th. October 3d, moved against the 
 enemy, who were approaching under Price, 
 Van Dorn and Villipigue. Engaged in the 
 battle of Corinth on the 5th, and pursued the 
 ennmy to Ruckersville, Mississippi, and re- 
 turned to Corinth on the 12th ult. 
 
 Dec. 18th, scouted to Lexington, Tenn 
 April 15th, 1863, moved toward Tuscumbia 
 Ala. Skirmished at Bear creek, 17th ; also, 
 at Cherokee, and at Newsome's Farm. 24th, 
 camped at Tuscumbia. Engaged the enemy 
 under Gen. Forrest, at Town Creek, on the 
 28th, and on the following day the regiment 
 returned to Tuscumbia, and, on the 3d of 
 May arrived at Corinth. 
 
 October llth. General Dodge, commanding 
 left wing, Sixteenth Army Corps, ordered the 
 Brigade, Col. Bane commanding, to Lagrange, 
 Tenn. 17th, returned to Corinth. Nov. 6th, 
 moved to Eastport, and crossed the Tennessee 
 river at midnight. Passed through Waterloo, 
 Lauderdale, Lexington, Pulaski, and camped 
 at Lynnville. By order of Maj. Gen. Dodge, 
 the regiineiit was mounted, November 17th. 
 January 1st, 1864, three-fourths of the men 
 of the regiment re-enlisted, and were mustered 
 January 16th, and started for Illinoi-i, for 
 veteran furlough. 
 
 Moved from Quiacy, Feb. 28th, and March 
 5th, arrived at Lyilnville; 13th, ordered to 
 Athens, Alabama; 15th, to Decatur June 
 tion ; 22d, crossed the Tennessee river to De- 
 catur, and on the 27th, re-crossed to Decatur 
 Junction ; 31st, moved to Moorsville. 
 
 April 12th, moved to Athen.s, Ala.; 30th, 
 to Chattanooga via Larkinsville. 
 
 May 5th, marched to Chickamauga creek ; 
 camped near Lee at Gordon's Mills, and in 
 Snake Creek Gap. 9th, moved to Resaca, 
 and returned; 14th, to Calhoun Ferry ; 15th, 
 to Lay's Ferry, and crossed Oostanaula river. 
 
 17th, met ihe enemy at a cross-roads, near the 
 river, and, alter some fighting, drove him from 
 the field — the regiment losing one man killed 
 and seven wounded. On tlic I9tli, arrived 
 at Kingston, and on the 22d at Rome. 
 
 June 20th, Col. Bane having resigned. Brig. 
 Gen. William Vandever took command of the 
 Brigade. July 8d, one hundred and fifty 
 men from the Brigade, and one hundred of 
 First Alabama Cavalry, made an expedition 
 to Cedar Town, Maj. Hauna, of the Fiftieth, 
 commanding, and returned, and (in the 6th, t • 
 Cave Springs, and returned, — both times cap- 
 turing prisoners and horses. 
 
 In August, Col. Rowett, of the Seventh Il- 
 linois Infantry, took command of the Brigade. 
 September 27th, the Second Division, Left 
 Wing, Sixteenth Army Corps, Brig. Gen 
 John M Corse commanding, was transferred 
 to Fourth Division, Fifteenth Arn)y Corps; 
 29th, the non-veterans of the regiment were 
 started home, for muster-out. 
 
 At midnight, October 4th, arrived by rail 
 at AUatoona, and at daylight skirmishing 
 commenced, and by 10 o'clock the whole force 
 was fiercely engaged with Hood's army. The 
 enemy was repulsed. The regiment lost 87 
 killed, wounded and missing. Lieut. Col. 
 Hanna, and Assistant-Surgeon A. G Pickttt 
 were wounded. 
 
 October 13th, Lieut. Col Hurllut, c< m- 
 manding Brigade, and Capt. Home, command- 
 ing regiment ; it moved out on Cave Spring 
 road, and met the enemy six miles out, with 
 two pieces of Artillery. It drove them four 
 miles, and returned to Rome. 
 
 November lOlh, 1864, moved toward At- 
 lanta, and left on the 15th; 20th, crossed the 
 Ocmulgee; 26th, crossed the Oconee, at Ball's 
 Ferry. 
 
 December 7th, crossed the Ogeechee, at 
 Mt. Vernon road, and on the 10th, met the 
 enemy at Little Ogeechee. ] 6th, foraged to 
 Mcintosh, 30 miles from Savannah, and on 
 the 21st entered that place. 
 
 During the remainder of the winter it 
 made numerous marches, but did not engage 
 the enemy until March 20th and 21st, at 
 Bentonville, when it lost 2 killed and 14 
 woiiidsl. 
 
 April 10th, Col. Hanna commanding Bri- 
 gade, moved to Raleigh. On the 14th, re- 
 viewed by Gen. Sherman, as it marched 
 through Raleigh. April 29th, 1865, moved 
 northward, via Petersburg, Manchester and 
 Richmond, and camped at Alexandria 20th 
 May. May 24th, parti cijiated in the grand 
 Review at .Washington, and camped near 
 Soldiers' Home. 
 
 June 3d, moved, via Parkersburg, Va., to 
 Louisville, Ky , arriving on the 8th. July 
 3d, in the prize drill between Sixty-third Illi- 
 
 nois, Seventh Iowa Infantry and Fiftieth 
 Illinois, the regiment won the prize banner. 
 
 July 13th, mustered out of United States 
 service by Capt. W. B. Guthrie, Eighty-first 
 Ohio Volunteers and A. C. M. Arrived at 
 Camp Butler, Illinois, July 14th, 186-5, for 
 final payment and discharge. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY "A." 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Fisher, Jacob, died at St. Louis, May 27, '62 ; wounds. 
 
 FJFTY-FOURTH INFANTRY KKGIMENT. 
 
 ( Tlirte Years' Service ) 
 Colonel. 
 Nalliauiel >'iles, resigned, February 7, 1802. 
 
 FIFTY-NINTH INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Yearn' Service.) 
 
 Major. 
 James M. Stookey, mns;ered out, Decembers, 186.5. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 Simon J. Stooki'y, muKtt-rjd out, December 8, 186.5. 
 
 M0STEB BOLL, COMPANY " E." 
 Captain. 
 
 .James M. f^tookey, promoted major. 
 
 Jamis H. Knight, rtsigned for good of service, June 
 
 19, 186.5. 
 Charks Wagner, mus'ercd out, Decembtr 8, 1865. 
 
 l^i'st Lieutenant. 
 Josiah W. Beaber, under arrest. 
 
 Second Lieiitemrnt. 
 Ausby F. Whitchurch, must, out (as srrgt.,) Dec. 8, '65. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 Joseph B. Goolner, Irjns to " Co. "A.," 31 Illinois 
 
 Cavalry, March 18, 1862 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 GpoTue Hill, Died St. Clair Co., September, 1862 
 
 William Eibriiig, mustered out, September 17, 1864. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Isiac N. Hickman, transferred to Miss Marine Bri- 
 gade, as private, Februiry 11, 1863. 
 August Miller, veteran, mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Simeon C. PVee, ser^t., trans, to V. R. C, Sept. 1, '63. 
 Absalom P. Free, vet , wounded, discharged. May 18, 
 
 1865 ; disability. 
 George N. Fogel, vet., "must'd out, Dec. 8, '65 ; as serg't. 
 
 musicians. 
 
 Edward E. Ellis, died at Belleville, 111., Feb. 16, '62. 
 
 P. mates. 
 
 Aneckle, George, veteran. 
 
 Bruck William, veteran, absent sick at M. O. of regt. 
 Green, John, v. teran, died June 26, 1864 ; wounds. _ 
 Henry, Frederick, veteran, mustered out, Dec. 8,65. 
 Ilaase, Heniy, ve eran, mu.stered out, Dec. 8, 186.5. 
 Hinkle, Albert, died at home, February 22, 1862. 
 Keen, Andrew, deserted, August 20, 1861. ' " 
 Keililer, Charles, veteran, raii-tered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 McGunn, Edward, mu-tered out. September 17, 1864. 
 Miller, Charles, veteran, nuistered out, Dec. 8, 1865, 
 
 as sergesnt ; wounded. 
 Quick, Henry S., must'd out, Dec. 8, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Rutherford, Robert, must'd out. Dec. 8, '65; veteran. 
 Rumback, Charles, must'd out, Dec. 8, 65 ; veteran. 
 Shult, John, absent at muster out of regiment. 
 Smith, Nichols, veter'n, corporal, desert' d June 1 6, '65. 
 Woods Jame.1 H., veteran, must'd out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Zeigle, Martin, discharged, Jan. 31, 1863 ; disability. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Allen, Chejiey, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Bostwick, Williatn. 
 
 Cox,Francis M., kill'd at Nashville, Tain., Dac.16,'64. 
 (iurlash, George W., deserted, June 16, 1865. 
 Harder, Peter, sir^eant, killed at Nashville, Tenn., 
 
 December 16, 1864. 
 Horton, John, absei.t sick at muster out o( regiment. 
 Keober, George, mustered out, Dec. 8, '65 ; as serg't. 
 Kelley, Henry, kill'd at Rough Siat'n.Ga., July 4, 64. 
 Killin, Andrew, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Mason, Napoleon L., mu^tered out, December 8, 1865. 
 
144 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 McCurdy, Joel F., mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Moyer, William H., mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865, a.s cor- 
 poral ; wounded. 
 Nolen, Noah, deiertcd, June 2t, 1865. 
 Oldendorph, Frederick, mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Ponell, Hiram P., mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Skinner, Francis, mustered out, Decemb. r 8, 1865, 
 Seemour, (ieorge, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Tate, Aaron, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Whitchurch, Ausby F., mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865, as 
 
 1st sergeant, com. 2d lieut., but not mustered. 
 Woods, James A., mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Woods, James P., mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Wilson, George, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 Whalen, Peter, promoted principal musician. 
 
 Young, Adam, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 
 Zimmerman, Frederick, must'd out, December 8, '65. 
 Reeruits, 
 
 Alexanler, Eobert, transf'd to V.K. C, Jan. 5, 1865. 
 
 Anheiser, Jacob, discharged, Nov. 11, '64; disaldlity. 
 
 Breaderman, Hubert, mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Bowen, George W., discharged. May 18, '05 ; wounds. 
 
 G)x, Charles L., veteran. 
 
 (Jox, Joseph A., vtteran. 
 
 Dingleraan, Valentine. . j 
 
 Dixon, Thos. E., died at Olterville, Mo., Jan. 21. '62. 
 
 Eul, John, mustered out, December 8, 18K5. 
 
 Kdwards, John, died at home, January 20, 1862. 
 
 Ebel, Henry, dropped as deserter, March 81, 1865. 
 
 Ferrell, William, mustered out, September 17, 1864. 
 
 Fishhowen, John W., mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Friedlaniier, William B., mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Gross, Wm, dieil at Jeftersonville, Ind., Jan. 20, 186c. 
 
 Gurlash, William, deserted, June 19, 1865. 
 
 Hill, John H, mustered out D^'cember 8, 1865. 
 
 Hines, Minund drowned inTenn. river Aug. 19, '62. 
 
 Hughes, Joseph, died at Chattanooga, Nov. 11, 1864. 
 
 Jackson, Carroll, discharged. May 18, 1865 ; wounds. 
 
 Janse, Joseph J., deserted, March 15, 1864. 
 
 Jackson, Fran M., killed at Perrvville, Ky., Oct. 8, 62. 
 
 Jackson, Obediah, veteran, mustered out, Dec. 8. '65. 
 
 Killian, Charles, mustir^d out, Dicember 8, 1865. 
 
 Keisir, Ferdinand, mustered out, December 8. 1865. 
 
 Little, Henry, mustered out, Decenber 8, 1865, 
 
 ]iaey Andrew B , died of wounds. December 23, 64. 
 
 M>iyir, Kenjamin, mu tered out, December 8, 1865. 
 
 Middlecoff, James A., mnst^'red out, December 8, '65. 
 
 Miller, Elijah A., mustered out, Deomber 8, 1865. 
 
 Manning. Uir.im D., mustered out, December 8. 65. 
 
 Martin, Thos. J., died at Oiterville, Mo., Jan. 5 '62. 
 
 Miller, Jo epli, died, Januarv 5, 1865 ; wounds. 
 
 Nimericke, Kobert, mustered out, December 8 1865. 
 
 O'Connel, Jos. or John, de-ierieil, March 15, 1864. 
 
 Quick, Martin V- B., mustered out, Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Kobinon, ('has. W., diseharj^d, April, '62; disability. 
 
 Eumle.v, Hairiron, mustered out, December 8, 186'\ 
 
 (Sneider, George, musiered out, December 8, 1865 
 
 Smith, Kobert, died at Cliatlanooga, April 15, 1864. 
 
 Shuttles, Nicliola.s, died, June 8, 1864; wounds. 
 
 West, Henry, mustered our, December 8, 1865. 
 
 Wa<sam, Valentine, must'd out, Dec. 8. '65 ; as eorp'l. 
 
 Worlds, John L., mustered out, December 5, 1864. 
 
 Wilson, George, deserted, Mareli 15, 1864. 
 
 MUSTEK ROLL, COMPANY " I." 
 
 Veterans. 
 Adams, John B.. trans, to V. R. C, January 16, '65. 
 Cleaver-, Wm., Se'g't, absent sick at muster out of reg't 
 l.oek, John L., died, January 31, 1865 j wounds. 
 O Neil, Jo-eph, mus'ered out, Deo. 8, '65 ; a« serg't. 
 Perry, AUmzn, HerKe:ini, de-'Crted, March 16, 1864. 
 Varble. John, diseried, October 9, 1865. 
 Walton, George, mustered out, December 8, 1865. 
 
 SIXTIETH INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 ( Three Fear-i' Service. ) 
 
 MOSTER BOLt COMPANY "G.' 
 
 J'rivates. 
 Adkins, James H. 
 Knifife, Joseph V. 
 
 JirtTER EOLL COMPANY "F." 
 
 Veteran. 
 Maewell, Simpson, died Jan. 15, 1865 ; at home. 
 
 SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years' Service.) 
 
 MTTSTER ROLl COMPANY " C." 
 Drafted and Substitute Recruits. 
 Ri(,msey, 'ames W., transferred to Co. "C" as con- 
 solidated ; mustered out Feb. 18, 1866. 
 
 SIXTY-THIRD INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Yen rs' Service.) 
 Major 
 Joseph K. Lemen ; mustered out April 9, 1865. 
 
 SEVENTY-THIRD INFANTRY REGIMENT. 
 
 ( Three Years' Sfrvice.) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " G." 
 
 Corporals. 
 Patrick Sweeney ; mustered out June 12, 1865. 
 
 Privates. 
 McDonald, Robert B. ; deserted Sept. 3, 1862. 
 McMahon, Patrick; died Nov. 28, 1863; wounds. 
 
 By an examination of the above register, it will be 
 seen that St. Clair county had » few representatives 
 in the 60th, 62d, 63d, and 73d regiments. 
 
 EIGHTIETH INPANTKY, 
 
 ( Three years' service) 
 Was organized in August, 1862, at Centralia, 
 Illinois, by Col. T. G. Allen, and mustered 
 intothe United States service on the 25th of 
 the same month, for three years. Ordered to 
 Louisville, Ky., September 4th following, and 
 became a part of the Thirty-third Brigade 
 under Gen. Terrell. Assigned to the Tenth 
 Division, Gen. Jackson commanding, and in 
 Gen. McCook's Corps. On the 1st of Octo- 
 ber, under Gen. Buell, marched in pursuit of 
 Bragg First engaged the enemy in the bat- 
 tle of Perry ville, October 8th, losing 14 killed, 
 and 58 wounded, including Lieut. Von Kem- 
 mel killed, Lieut. Andrews mortally wounded, 
 and Lieut. Col. Rodgers, and Lieut. Pace se- 
 verely wounded. Gens. Terrell and Jackson 
 were also killed. December 26th started in 
 pursuit of the enemy under John Morgan. 
 Jan. 2d, 1863, discontinued the pursuit. On 
 the 10th of the same month was assigned to 
 the Fourteenth Army Corps, Gen. J. J. Rey- 
 nolds' Division. 
 
 March 20th the Brigade of 1500 men, and 
 two pieces of artillery, while on a scout, were 
 attacked by John Morgan and 5000 of the 
 enemy ; but they were repulsed, with heavy 
 loss. About the middle of April the regiment 
 was mounted, and soon after, while scouting, 
 met and repulsed the enemy at Dug's Gap, 
 and Sand Mountain, at the latter place cap- 
 turing a battery of two guns ; loss, 2 killed, 
 and 16 wounded. At Blunt's farm. May 2d, 
 again defeated the enemy, and May 3d was 
 surrendered to a vastly superior force under 
 Gen. Forrest, who, contrary to stipulation, 
 stole its blankets, watches, and money. The 
 regiment was taken to Rome, and paroled and 
 sent to Atlanta. From the latter place the 
 officers were sent to Libby Prison. The en- 
 listed men were forwarded to Richmond, 
 arriving May 13th, thence to City Point, and 
 Annapolis, and on the 19th moved to Camp 
 Chase, Ohio; June 23d, was declared ex- 
 changed, and moved to St. Louis. On the 
 29th started for Nashville, Tennessee, with 
 Lieut. Herman Sttinecke in command of the 
 regiment. 
 
 Sept. 8th, moved to Stevenson, Alabama, 
 Capt Cunningham in command. On the 23d 
 reported to Gen. Howard, commanding Elev- 
 enth Army Corps. Was assigned to Third 
 Brigade, commanded by Col. Hecker, (the 
 same was a part of the Third Division, under 
 Gen Schurz). Nov. 24 and 25, did good 
 service in the battle of Mission Ridge. May 
 3d, 1864, commenced the Atlanta campaign, 
 and formed a part of the grand army under 
 Sherman in his march to the sea. Participa- 
 ted in the battles of Dalton, Resaca, Adairs- 
 ville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kene- 
 saw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, 
 Atlanta, Jonesboro, and Lovejoy Station. 
 During the campaign the regiment captured 
 150 prisoners, and lost 25 killed, and 60 
 wounded Marched October 3d in pursuit of 
 Hood, and December 15 and 16 took part in 
 the battle of Nashville ; this was the last en- 
 gagement of any consequence in which the 
 regiment participated. The Eightieth traveled 
 over 6,000 miles, and engaged the enemy in 
 over twenty battles. On the 10th of June, 
 1865 was mustered out of service, aud pro- 
 ceeded to Camp Butler, 111., for final pay and 
 discharge. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL COMPANY " C." 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Herman Sleinecke, transferred to V. R. C. 
 Frederick Seitz, mustered out (as sergeant) June 10, 
 1865. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Fryar Jciblin, commissioned 2d lieut. but not mustered ; 
 
 wounded ; mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 John W. Beckmann, reduced to ranks at his own 
 request. Discharged. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Joseph Shurte, transferrel to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1863. 
 Friedrich Siitz, mustered out Juoe 10, 18j5, as sergt. 
 Gustave Wegener, traasferrel to V. B. C. Sept., 186J. 
 
 3Iusicians. 
 Stephen Metzger, deserted June 9, 1863. 
 Louis Steiner, deserted June 9, 1863. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Baner, John, transferred to V. R. C. Aug. 31, 1834. 
 
 Benner, Jacob, deserted June 9, 1863. 
 
 Blair, K. P., desertel Sept. 8, 1862. 
 
 Crosselt, Theodore, deserted Oct. 3, 1862. 
 
 Drauesky, Anton, killed at Perryville, Ky., Nov. 23, 
 1865. 
 
 Glod, Nicolaus, mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Graif, John H., mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Haberstrich, Henry, tran ferred to V. K. C. Sept. 1, 
 1863. 
 
 Helmenbold, Gustav A., deserted June 9, 1868. 
 
 Hoff, Chriit., deseitad June 9, 1863. 
 
 Hotters,' Charles, mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Jacoby, Charles, mustered out Jun- 10, 1865. 
 
 Jerter, Jacob, dischirged Aug. 31, 1864; di-ability. 
 
 Railing, Joseph, died at Perryville, Ky., Nov. 18, 
 1862 ; wounds. 
 
 Keilbrooh, Albert, discharged Marc'i 8, 1863 ; disa- 
 bility. 
 
 Leuiweyler, Johann R., musterei out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Laternicht, John, mustered out Jun ; 10, 1865. 
 
 O'Neal, John, muster, d out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Peter, August, deserted June 9, 1863. 
 
 Schuh, Anton, mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Seitz, Nicholaus, mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Smidt, Mathews, transferred to V. B. C. May 1, 1864. 
 
 Tronjo, John, mustered out June 10, 1865. 
 
 Twellmann, .John, deserted Juu3 9, 1863. 
 
 Weidmann, Frederieh, deser ed June 9, 1863. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 145 
 
 EIGHTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 
 
 (Three years' service'). 
 This regiment, Illinois Volunteers, was or- 
 ganized at Camp Butler, Illinois, September, 
 1862, by Col. Frederic Hecker, and was mus- 
 tered in October, 23d, 1862. 
 
 Reported at Washington City, Nov. 3d, at 
 Arlington Heights, November 9th, and was 
 asssigned to Sigel's Division, Array of Poto- 
 mac, Gen. Burnsidea commanding Marched 
 to Fairfax Court House, Nov 19th; to Staf- 
 ford Court House, Dec. 11th ; and was at- 
 tached to First Brigade, Col. Schimmelfen- 
 nig; Third Division, Gen. Shurz ; Eleventh 
 Array Corps, Gen. Stahl. The regiraent par- 
 ticipated in Gen. Burnside's second movement 
 against Fredericksburg, Jan. 20th, 1863. 
 
 January 25th, 1863, Gen. Burnside was re- 
 lieved by Gen. Hooker, and the Eighty-second 
 moved to Stafford Court House, February 6th. 
 April 1st, Gen. Howard took command of the 
 Eleventh Corps ; crossed the Rappahannock 
 and Rapidan, and participated in the battle of 
 Chancellorsville, May 2d, 1863, losing one 
 hundred and fifty-five killed, wounded and 
 missing. 
 
 June 12th, moved from camp on the cam- 
 paign which ended in the battle of Gettys- 
 burg, July 1st, 2d and 3d, 1863. The regi- 
 ment was in the hotest part of this battle, and 
 fought vigorously, sustainiog a loss of one 
 hundred and twelve killed, wounded and 
 missing. 
 
 Followed the enemy back to Virginia, and 
 after a nearly uninterrupted march of two 
 months, encamped at Walnut Branch church, 
 near Catlett's station, August 19th, 1863 
 Gen. Tyndale took coramand of the Brigade 
 July 13th. 
 
 September 25th, 1863, marched to Manassas 
 Junction, and thence by rail, for Department 
 of the Cumberland, arriving at Bridgeport, 
 Ala., Oct. 1st, 1863. Col. Heuker, at this time 
 commanded the Brigade, and Lieut Col. Solo- 
 man the regiment. 'J'he regiment was trans- 
 ferred, Oct. 19th, to the Third Brigadf", and 
 Col. Hecker assigned to command of Brigade. 
 Moved to Russel's Gap, Oct. 19th, and occu- 
 pied and defended it during the fight, in which 
 Gen. Hooker obtained possession of a line of 
 hills near Lookout Mountain, Oct. 28th, 1863. 
 Mustered out June 9th, 1865, at Washington, 
 D. C, and arrived at Chicago June 16th, 
 1865, where it received final payment and 
 discharge. 
 
 STAFF. 
 Colonel. 
 Frederic Hecker, resigned March 21, '64. 
 
 ■ Adjutant. 
 Eugene F. Weigel, promoted Captain Co. F. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 Hermann Panse, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 19 
 
 Surgeon, 
 Charles E Boeruer. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Emanuel Julius Reichhelm, resigned June 13, '64. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " F." 
 Captain. 
 Eugene F. Weigel, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Frederick Thomas, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 
 Second lAeutenant. 
 Lorenz Spoenemann, died May 3, '63. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Anton Schmidt, discharged Nov. 22, '62; disability. 
 John Dahlen, mustered out June 9, '65. as Serganl. 
 Nicolaus Klein, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 
 Musicians. 
 John Friedrich, must'dout Junel7,'65; was prisoner. 
 Frederick Vogler, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Joseph Vogler, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 
 Ackerman, Paul, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Auer, Frederick, discharged Apr. 12, '63; disability. 
 Anerswald, George, discharged Apr. 1,'63; disability. 
 Berger, Joseph, trans, to V. E. C. Dec 12, '63. 
 Brantigam, Frederick, disch'd Apr. 16, '63; disability. 
 Breindel, Louis, trans, to V. B. C. Jan. 10, '64 
 Deiherle, Frederick,_rnust'd out June 9, '65 asCorp'l. 
 Eplinger, Louis, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Ewe, Henry, discharged July 25, '63 ; disability. 
 Fisher, Christopher, discharged Mav 31, '65. 
 Friedrich. Ludwig, trans, to V. R. C. Apr. 30, '64. 
 Hoecker, Belthaser, killed at Chancellorville, Va , 
 
 May 2, '63. 
 Hoenig. John, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Lauer, Henry, discharged March 2, '63; disability. 
 Molles, Ambrosius, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Mueller, John, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Mueller, Andrew, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Newmann, Jacob, trans, to V. R. C. April 13, '64. 
 Rappennecker, Matthias, died Oct. 16, '62. 
 Riegel, Valentine, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Schrempp, Joseph, absent sick, at raust'g out of Regt. 
 Wachta, John, mustered out June 9. '65 as Corporal. 
 Wack, Anton, mustered out June 9, '65 as Sergeant. 
 Wild, George, must'd out June 9, '65 prisoner of war. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " G." 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Conrad Schonler, died May 2, '63 
 
 Frederick Schlenk, must'd out (as Sergt.) June 9, '65. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Wm. Illig, mustered out June 9, '65, as Sergeant. 
 Frederick Winterick, deserted Nov 3, '62. 
 
 Berg, John, deserted Nov. 3, '62; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Broeschel, Jacob, absent sick at raust'g out of Regt. 
 Beck. Joseph A., wounded July 20, '64. 
 Benter.Tobias.killed at Chancellorville Va.,May J,'63. 
 Betz, Michael, discharged Oct 25, '63; disability. 
 Herman, John L., absent sick at must'g out ot Regt. 
 Hurhke, Herman, discharged July 7, '64; disability. 
 Krseraer, David, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Kaffenberger, Adam, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Kelling, Krederick,disharged May 29, '63; disability. 
 Kunze, Otto, mustered out Julv 15, '65. 
 Kapebaum, William, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Kuhn, Benedict, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Koeneman, Henry, absent slik at raust'g out of Regt. 
 Lorenz, Herman, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Muhlback, Andrew, discharged Deo. '62 ; disability. 
 Mueller, Henry E., mustered out, June 9, '65. 
 Mueller, John, died at Atlanta Ga., Oct. 1, '64. 
 Nevi, Joseph, trans to Invalid Corps Oct. 6, '63. 
 Rope, John D., mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Reip, George, absent sick at mustering out of Regt. 
 Trice, Henry, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Toggenberger, John, muslered out June 9, '65. 
 Viehauser, John, trans, to V. R. C. April 22, '64. 
 Wielbecker, John, trans, to V. R. C April 22, '64. 
 Wienhardt, Mihal, disch'd Sept. 10, '62; disabihty. 
 Wipe, William, discharged Oct. 29, '62; disability. 
 Wuesh, Charles A., must'd out June '65 as Corporal. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " K." 
 
 Corporals. 
 Philip Kuntz, prisoner of war at must'g out of Regt. 
 Carl Lillerswab, must'd ont June 9, '65 ; pris. of war. 
 
 Musician. 
 Frank Conner, deserted June 30, '63. 
 
 Prirates. 
 Herres, Jacob M„ must'd out June 9, '65. 
 Uandsch, Albert, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Knoppel, Albert, died July 11, '63; wounds. 
 Slolberg, George, mustered out June 9, '65. 
 Schollkopp, Louis, mustered out June 9. '65. 
 Sandridge, William, deserted Oct. 25, '62. 
 Senne, Ernst, Ir. to Co.G.Oct.24,'62; des'd Apr.17,'64. 
 Wilman, Henry, must'd out June 9,'65; Sergt. wounded. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 {Three years' service.) 
 
 The One Hundred and Seventeenth Regi- 
 ment Illinois Volunteers was organized at 
 Camp Butler, Illinois, in September, 1862, by 
 Col. Risdon M. Moore, and was mustered into 
 the United States service Sept. 19, by Captain 
 Washington. Nearly all of the members of 
 Companies C, E, H, I, and K were from St. 
 Clair county. It left Camp Butler Nov. 1 1, 
 and arrived at Memphis, Teun., on the 17th, 
 where it remained on duty until July 5, 1863, 
 and was then sent to reinforce Helena, Ark., 
 and returned Dec. 25th, pursued Forrest in 
 Western Tennessee, losing three men killed in 
 a skirmish at La Fayette. 
 
 With the Third Brigade, Third Division, 
 Sixth Army Corps, it moved Dec. 29, 1863, 
 to Vicksburg ; was engaged in the Meridian 
 campaign ; engaged in a skirmish Feb. 5, 
 1&64, losing two killed and five wounded. 
 March 4, returned to Vicksburg, and on the 
 10th embarked for Red River expedition. 
 March 14, 1864, assisted ia the capture of 
 Fort De Russey; April 9th engaged in the 
 battle of Pleasant Hill, and on the Uth moved 
 to Grand Ecore. On the 14th was sent to re- 
 lief of gunboats and transports at Catnpta, 
 La., and engaged at Cloutierville and Cane 
 River, at Bayou Rapids, May 2d ; at Gover- 
 nor Moore's plantation and Bayou Roberts, 
 May 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 11th. Con- 
 tinued return march to the Mississippi river 
 on the 14th, skirmishing daily. Was at the 
 battle of Yellow Bayou, May 18, and reached 
 the Missis-sippi on the 20th, and Vicksburg on 
 the 27th. Participated in driving Marmaduke 
 from Chicot Lake and Columbia, Ark., and 
 arrived at Memphis June 10, '64. 
 
 June 14, 1864, marched to the relief of 
 Sturges, and on the 28d began the Tupelo 
 campaign. On July 14th was engaged at 
 Tupelo, and at Old 'Town Creek on the 15th. 
 Commenced the Oxford campaign August 5, 
 and on the 18th and 19th was engaged at Hur- 
 ricane, returning to Memphis on the 30th. 
 From Memphis the regiment went to Jeffer- 
 son barracks, arriving September 19th ; was 
 engaged Oct. 1st at Franklin; moved via Jef- 
 ferson city, Sedalia, Lexington, Independence 
 
146 
 
 EI8T0RY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 and Harrisonville, and returned to St. Louis, 
 Nov. 19. 
 
 Moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and took 
 position in the works Dec. 1st, 1864 ; partici- 
 pated in the battle of Nashville, Dec. 15 and 
 1 6, and pursued Hood, reaching Clifton Jan. 
 4th, 1865 ; went by boat from Eastport to 
 New Orleans, arriving Jan. 17th ; embarked 
 at Chalinette, March 7, for Dauphine Island ; 
 thence to Fish river with the Sixteenth Corps, 
 Major Gen. A. J. Smith commanding. En- 
 gaged at Spanish Fort from March 27th to 
 April 2d, and at Blakely until the 9th, taking 
 part in its capture. 
 
 April 13th, marched to Montgomery, and 
 thence to Camp Butler, 111 , where the regi- 
 ment was mustered out, August 5th, 1865, by 
 Capt. James A. Hall, United States Army. 
 
 The regiment, in its three years' service, 
 was engaged in six battles and thirty-three 
 skirmishes, marched 2,307 miles, traveled by 
 water 6,191, and by rail 778 miles. 
 
 STAFF. 
 Colonel. 
 Risden M. Moore, mustered out, August 5, 1865, 
 
 Adjutant. 
 Samuel H. Beneen, resigned, November 16, 1864. 
 Jas. F. Krafft, must'd out, (as Q. M. Sergt) Aug, 5, '65, 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 Sergeant Major. 
 Joseph T. Parker, returned to company, .Tan. 13, 1863. 
 Jaines F. Krafft, promoted Adjutant. 
 
 Quarter- Master Sergeant, 
 Monroe J. Miller, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant, 
 Edward J. Scott, mustered out, August 5, 1865. 
 
 Hospital Steward. 
 Emmet C. Hill, disch'd July 28, 1864, to join U. S. A. 
 John W. Tuttle, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Principal Musician. 
 Samuel E. Tuttle, mustered out, August 5, 1865. 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " C." 
 Captain. 
 George F. Lowe. 
 William H. Whitaker, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 William Wallis, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865, 
 
 Second lAeutenant. 
 Frank M. Bradley, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1805. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Jesse B. Newman, discharged, Sept. 27, 1863. 
 SamuelA.Kisley, reduced to ranks, Oct. 5, 'Ij2. disch'd. 
 Wesley W. Baglee, mustered out, June 22, 1865. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Alf. P. Buckley, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865, as Sergt. 
 William A. Thompson, disch'd, Aug. 5, 1865, as Sergt. 
 Ezk'l T. Willoughby, must'd out, Aug. 5, '65, as Sergt. 
 Pansa A. Thompson, must'd out, Aug. 5, '65, as Priv't. 
 John S. Banns, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865, as Sergt. 
 Enoch R. Blake, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 William Wilson, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hanson Alkin, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Musicians. 
 WiJIiam H. Ashley, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 John Thompson, discharged, Oct. 22, 1863 ; disability. 
 
 Privates, 
 Anderson, William R., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Avos, Edmund, mustered out, August 5, 1865. 
 Burton, James, mustered out, August 5, 1865. 
 Brant, Jesse N., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Brown, William, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Bryan, John H. discharged. May 4, 1863 ; disability. 
 
 Beaver, Wesley, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Bryan, Samuel G.., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Carney, John, deserted, March 21, 1865. 
 Clark, Samuel C, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Colville, Benjamin A., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Duncle, Joseph B., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Dunn, James, discharged, June 6, 1865. 
 Darrow, James, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Darrow, Justus B., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Buncan, Joseph, mustered out, August 5, 1865. 
 Geer, Alfa E., mustered out, August 5, 1865. 
 Geers, John, mustered out, Aug, 5, 1865. 
 Goers, William F., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Gohen, Samuel J., mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Gohen Lycurgus, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Gohen, Wilber F., discharged, Mar. 23, '65; disability. 
 Gibson, John, discharged, March 23, 1865. 
 Humphries, James, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Humplirey, Charles died Dec. 28, 1863; wounds. 
 Plill, Albert mustered out Aug. 5, 1865, as corporal. 
 Hill, Mathias 8. discharged Aug. 2, '63 ; disability. 
 Huston, Kdward mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hvnes, Finley mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hamill, James M. mustered out Aug. 5, 1805. 
 Long. Francis M. mustered out May 22, 18.f>5. 
 Moure, William T. died at Memphis, March 11, '65. 
 Moore, Wilber F. mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Miller, John J. mustered out Aug. 5, 1805. 
 McDonald, Joseph S. died at Memphis, June 25, '65. 
 McDonald, Joseph T. disch. March 12, '63 ; di^abil. 
 Nichols, G. P. mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Ogden, Thomas died at Vicksburg, July 7, 1864. 
 Ogden, William mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Ogden, Willis mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 I'adfield, James C. mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Pearson, Benjamin J discharged Mar. 12, '04; disab. 
 Percival, George H. deserted Nov. 14, 1802. 
 ProssPr, Howell, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865 
 Phillips, William J. mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Phillips, Edward W. musiered out June 6, 1865. 
 Powers, JefFeison mustered out May 31, 1865. 
 Eankin, Luther died at Montgomery, Ala., J uly 4, '05. 
 Rt'inacher, Michael died at Memphis, June 20, '03. 
 Radcliff; Seneca mustered out Aug. 5, 1805. 
 Sewil, Caleb J. musiertd out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Smith, John mustered out Aug. 5, 180.5. 
 Siter, William S. dlsch. Jan. 5, 1863; disability. 
 Seely, William mustered out Aug 5, 1805- 
 Trainer, Owen mustered out Aug. 5, 1805. 
 Topping, Thomas transf. to V. E. C, July 30, 1864 
 Thilman, Charles mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Thompson, David musiered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Topping, William died at Memphis, Oct. 2-^ 1803. 
 Waiker, William A. disch. Jan. 20, '03 ; disability. 
 Walker, John W. mustered out Aug. 5. '05, as cdrp. 
 Welsh, Nicholas mustered out Aug. 5, 1805. 
 White, James S. mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Bniley, James E. transferred to 33 III. Infly. 
 Calhoun, Orcar M. transferred lo 33 HI. Inlty. 
 Harrison, William deserted Sept. 24, 1804 
 O'Bryant, George Y. transferred lo 33 III. Infty. 
 Ulmer, Frederick transferred to 33 III. Infly. 
 Vogler, John transferred lo 33 111. Infly. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " E." 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Harrill, William sergt., transf. to V. E. C.July 26, '64. 
 
 Recruils. 
 Cockel, Elijah transferred to 33 111. Infty. 
 Marlin, George transferred to 33 III. Infty. 
 Kail, Jacki-on, transferred to 33 111. Infly. 
 Shephard, Htnry transferred to 33 Hi. Infiy. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " H." 
 Captain, 
 Eobert H. Halbert, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 First lAeutenant. 
 James M. Hay, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 David H. Wilderman, mustered out Ang. 5, 1865. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 James F. Krafft, promoted Sergeant Major. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 William A. Wilderman, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 George B. Keneke, mustered out Aug. 5, 1805. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Valentine Rapp, M. O. Aug. 6, 1865, as private. 
 Henry Guender, red. to ranks at his own request. M. 
 
 O. Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Henry F. Fislier, discharged Jan. 5, '63 ; disability. 
 Edward B. Bamber, died Sept. 17, 1863. 
 John Rebhan, M. O. Aug. 5, 1805, as sergeant. 
 Eobert W. Thompson. M. O. Aug. 5, 1865. 
 George W. Ellis, transf. to V. E. C. May Ist, 1864. 
 
 Miisicians. 
 Charles R. Oatman, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Joseph B. Canman, transf. to Co. B, M. O. June 7, '65. 
 
 John C. Jennison, mustered out Aug. 6, 1865. 
 
 Privates. 
 Atchison, George B., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Atchison, Alexander C, mustered out Aug. 6, 1865. 
 Blanton, William, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Bailey, Champion C, died at Memphis, Nov. 28, 1862. 
 Breiner, Andrew, discharged Jan. 14, 1865 ; disability. 
 Been, Theodore, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Beasley, James, corporal, died at Jackson, Mississippi, 
 
 July 1st, 1865. 
 Bruett, Charles, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Bross, Bavid W.. died at Memphis Nov. 27, 1862. 
 Bailey, Hombs K., mustered out July 24, 1867. 
 Cox, William J., dishonorably discharged July 31, '65. 
 Crawford, James W., mustered out May 18, 1865. 
 Collins, Gilbert C, mustered out Aug. 5, '65 ; as I orp'l. 
 Bingle, R., drowned in Cumberland river Nov. 29, 64. 
 Buncan, Thomas, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Bonaldson, -lohn, mustered out May 20, 1865. 
 Bunlap, John L., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Ellis, William, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Fleshher, William, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Gibson, Joseph W., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Gruber, Isaac S., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Gibbins, James, died at Memphis, July 4, 1863. 
 Greever, George, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hill, .lackson, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hartnagel, Michael, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hekel, Jacob, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Huckel, Louis, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Kalkbrenner, William, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Lag, Joseph O., discharged July 7, 1865 ; disability. 
 McCann, Patrick H., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Minette, Phillip, mustered out Aug. 5, '65 ; as corporal. 
 McMurtry, W.F., mustered out Aug. 5, '65; ascorporal. 
 Myerscough, John, mustered out May 31, 1865. 
 Mitchell, Arch'd, mustered out Aug. 5, "65; ascorporal. 
 Potter, Mat. Jr., must' rd out Aug. 5, '65 ; as corporal. 
 Phillips, Thomas, discharged March 26, '63 ; disability. 
 Pruessing, Valentine, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Phelps, K. T., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Potter, Samuel, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Reester, Theodore, must'd out, Aug. 5, 1865 ; as corp'l. 
 Rehg, John, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Rcesel, John, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Reinhart, Joseph, deserted about Nov. 7, 1863. 
 Sauer, Reinhart, supposed transferred to V. R. C. 
 Stein, Charles, killed at Nashville, Tenn. Bee. 16, '64. 
 Smith, John, No. 1, deserted Nov. 10, 1862. 
 Smith, John No. 2, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 yhinert, Henry, died at Memphis March 29, 1863. 
 Vogt, George, mustered out May 81, 1865. 
 Woods, Alex mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865 ; as corporal. 
 Weinel, Frederick, mustered out Aug. 5, '65. 
 Williams, John H., discharged June 19, '65 ; disability. 
 Wilderman, John L., discharged Jan. 3, "64; disability. 
 Weinel, Henry, died at Memphis in June 26, 1863. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " I." 
 
 Captains. 
 Bavid McFarlin, died May 10, 1864. 
 John R. Thomas, mustered out, Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Samuel M. Stiles, died Sept. 15, 1863. 
 Edward C. Lemon, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Jasper Missinger, must'd out (as Sergeant) Aug. 5, '65. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Robert R. Salter, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Phillip F. Davis, reduced to ranks at his own request 
 
 discharged March 28, 1863; wounds. 
 Harvey Umbarger, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 147 
 
 Corporals. 
 David C. MoFarlin, discharged Sept. 4, 1863. 
 Samuel Smiley, discharged Jan. 22, 1863 ; disability. 
 George B. Soott, must'd out Aug. 5, '65 ; as private. 
 William Richmond, must'd out Aug. 5, '65 ; as private. 
 James D. Knowlton, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865 ; as 
 
 Private, reduced at his own request. 
 Thomas A. Whiteside, must'd out Aug. 5, '65; as Serg. 
 Samuel Beedle, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Mummns. 
 Albert McFarlin, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Benjamin Orcut, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Wagofner. 
 George W. Smith, disohirged July 3, 1863. 
 Frivates. 
 
 Alexander, Cyrus E., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Arnold, William, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Altman, Alexander, deserted Nov. 10, 1862. 
 
 Abend, Frank, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Altman, John, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Abbott, William, discharged Aug. 18, 1863 ; disability 
 
 Black, John, mus. out Aug. 5, 1863. 
 
 Bowles, Lafayette P., discharged .) une 5, 1863. 
 
 Bevirt, H. P., discharged April 13, 1863 ; disability. 
 
 Bevirt, H. H., mus. out May 24, 1865. 
 
 Balzily, William S., died at Memphis Feb. 28, 1833. 
 
 Boynton, John E,., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Brooks, Robert L., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Bomburg, Kaspar, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Bridges, Lafayette, mus. out Aug 5, 1865. 
 
 Doerey, Wesley B., sergt., absent sick at M.O. of regt. 
 
 Evans, Joseph P., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Evans, Simon P., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Falkner, Felix, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Godfrey, August, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Higgins, John, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Hamilton, William H., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Hughes, J. Simpson, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Harris, Thomas J., mus. out Aug. 5, 18(35. 
 
 Hawkins, R. A., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Harper, George, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 
 Hilt, George W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865 
 
 Hart, Theodore F., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 
 Isaacs, W. Albert, died at Memphis Aug. 1, 1863. 
 
 Kell, William F., trans, to co. D. 
 
 Kennedy, Thomas, discharged Sept. 5, 1863, as corp. 
 
 Knowlton, Delos, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Linson, Frederick, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865- 
 
 Moore, James C, raus. out Aug. 5. 1865. 
 
 Million, William, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Moore, James, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Miller, Monroe J., promoted quartermaster-sergt. 
 
 Mace, Russell L., mus. out June 11, 1865. 
 
 McCommon, Wade, died at home. May 30, 1863. 
 
 Melvin, Andrew J., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Owen, E. .1., mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Putnam, William, discharged April 16, 1863 ; disab. 
 
 Parker, J. T., discharged Aug. 3, 1863. 
 
 Powell, William H., mus. out Aug. 5, 1866. 
 
 Phillips, Daniel J. M., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 
 Prentice, George R., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Rankin, James A., deserted Nov. 25, 1864. 
 
 Rutherford, William D., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Rettenhous^ G. D., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 
 Rettenhouse, F. M., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Smith, William D., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 
 Shatlin, Louis, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Snyder, Jacob, deserted March 8, 1863 
 
 Soott, John W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 
 Soott, Edward J., prom, sergt. then com. -sergt, 
 
 Shainer, E , deserted April 12, 1863. 
 
 Tuttle, Samuel E., prom, principal musician. 
 
 Tuttle, John W., prom, hospital steward. 
 
 Umbarger, JohnW. corp., died Louisville, Jan. 15,'65. 
 
 Woods, William J., discharged Aug. 18, '63 ; disab. 
 
 Werris, Michael, mus. out June 22, 1865. 
 
 Williamson, William W., mus. out Aug, 5, 1865. 
 
 Wilderman, Jos. D., discharged March 16, 65 ; disab. 
 
 Yates, William, deserted Nov. 28, 1864. 
 Recruits. 
 
 Badgley, David W., died at Vicksburg, May 27, 1864. 
 
 Cooper, William, trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 
 Lincoln, John T., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL,, COMPANY '' K." 
 
 Captains. 
 Land, Nathan, resigned Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Fike, John W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Cobine, James D., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Curtis, James A., mus. out Dec. 12, 1862. 
 Curtis, Edward T., mus. out as segt. Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Griffin, George W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 Curtis, Edward T., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as 1st sergt. 
 Reeves, Samuel, discharged Oct. 16, 1 864 ; disab. 
 Abernathy, James, discharged Mar. 30, 1863 ; disab. 
 McMiohael, Joseph, mus. out Aug. 5. 1865. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Reeves, James, discharged March 19, 1863 ; disab. 
 Mitchell, George R., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Blake, David A., died Columbus, Ky., Jan. 5, 1863. 
 Smalley, Shephard, M.O. Aug. 5, '65, as priv. ; reduc. 
 
 at his own request. 
 Grifiin, James M., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Estry, Charles W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as priv. 
 Van Winkle, John, mus. out. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Fike, Don, mus. out July 1, 1865 ; was prisoner. 
 
 Privates. 
 Anderson, Moses, discharged Jan. 18, 1863 ; disab. 
 Beales, Oliver, trans, to V. R. C. Mar. 15, 1865. 
 Bishop, George, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Brooks, John W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Bowen, Joel, died at Memphis, Sept. 26, 1863. 
 Clark, Edward A., deserted Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Clark, Henry, died at Memphis, Sept. 26, 1863. 
 Crocker, Riley, died at Memphis, Sept. 16, 1863. 
 Curtis, Thomas, ap. com. off. 8th U. S. C. H. Art. 
 Davis, Robert W., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as sergt. 
 Davis, William, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Decourcy, Robert, trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 Dunn, Leonard, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Dunn, Samuel, deserted Oct. 30, 1862. 
 Dupuy, Jesse G., mus. out May 31, 1865, as sergt. 
 Elbert, Henry, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Fike, Henry C. 
 
 Free, Leroy, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 Friel, Hugh, discharged Jan. 5, 1865 ; disab. 
 Gaskell. Henry, mus. out Aug. 6, 1865. 
 Gibbs, I alvin, discharged March 18, 1863 ; disab. 
 Goodman, Francis M., M.O. Aug. 5, 1865, as sergt. 
 Griffen, William,- discharged Aug. 26, 1863 ; disab. 
 Greene, Levi, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Hanlon, John, died at Mound City.IU., July 12, 1864. 
 Hardin, William, discharged Aug. 14, 1864 ; disab. 
 Jeeters, Thomas E. H., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Jeeters, John J., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Johnson, Robert, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Knight, William, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Lamb, John Wesley, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 L.and, John H., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Larry, Daniel, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 McCarthy, Daniel, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 McClure, Fletcher, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 McDonald, Milton, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Miller, Alexander, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Miller, Moses, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 Mosar, John, raus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Monroe, George, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Oden, Wesley Z., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 Osborne, Thomas E., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Osborne, Hiram J., deserted Sept. 14, '64 ; second des. 
 Pugh, Thomas, discharged March 19, 1863 ; disab. 
 Pugh, Wm,, des. 5th lU.cav; drop from roll Jne 28,' 65 
 Rean, Jeremy, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Smith, Frederick, discharged Jan. 29, 1863 ; disab. 
 Schenck, William, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 Stickle, Frederick W., died of wounds, Dec. 21, 1864. 
 Watson, William E., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 Willis, William H., mus. out Aug. 5, 1865, as corp. 
 Williams, James, mus. out Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, 
 Edwards, John R., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 Griffin, Isaac N., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 Osborn, Mitchell M., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 Bumley, Harvey A., trans, to 33d 111. inf. 
 
 Vhassiffned Recruits. 
 Griffin, Isaac H., died Camp Butler, 111., April 8, 1864 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 
 
 (^ Three years' service), 
 
 The 130th Regiment, Illinois volunteers, 
 was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, Octo- 
 ber, 1862, by Col. Nathaniel Niles, and was 
 mustered in on the 25th of the same month. 
 
 The regiment moved from Camp Butler 
 Nov. 10th, and proceeded to Memphis, Ten- 
 nessee, where it arrived on the 18th inst. 
 
 It was mustered out of service Aug. 15th, 
 1865, at New Orleans, Louisiana, and reached 
 Camp Butler, Oct. 26, 1>^65, where it received 
 final payment and discharge. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " A." 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Macomery, Wm., transferred to Company " C," 7'7th 
 
 111. inf. 
 Thwing, John W. 
 Wirshing, Frank, transferred to Co. " D," 77th 111. inf. 
 
 Recruits. 
 McGuire, J., deserted before muster in. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " c" 
 First Sergeant. 
 Richard Roman. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " D." 
 
 Recruits. 
 Bankson, Elijah J., fransferred to 77th 111 inftry, 
 
 Co. "E." 
 Knuve, Godfrey '., died at Memphis Dec. 10, 1862. 
 Phips, Richard T. 
 Prater, Benjamin K., transferred to Co. " E," 77th 
 
 111. inf. 
 Sampson, William F., transferred to Co. "E," 77th 
 
 Illinois inf. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SECOND INFANTY 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 MtJSTBB. ROLL COMPANY " H." 
 
 Captain. 
 David H. Porter, mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Francis H. Cobb, honorably discharged Dec. 9, 1864. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Richard Wangeling, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Joseph B. Cramer, mustend out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Nelson Johnson, mustered out October 20, 1864, as 
 
 private for re-enlistment. 
 John Roth, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 
 Corporals. 
 James F. Thomas, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, as 
 
 sergeant. 
 Henry H. Brash, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Walter E. Krafft, must red out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Paschal C. Husbrook, mustered out Oct. 20, 1864, for 
 re-enlistment. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Kossuth Niles, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Perry, Morris, mustered out October 26, 1864. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 John Dimmel, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 Adams, Chester, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Affleck, James B., muttered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Allmon, Henry C, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Bryant, Andrew, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Bobe, Andrew, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Chambers, John J., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Davis, Henry, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 D'long, Leonard, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Ely, Erasmus C., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Edwards, William, muttered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Grimes, Charles F., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Hypes, James H., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Hinckley, Duane, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Leitz, Frederick, absent, sick at muster out of regt. 
 
148. 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Lively, Willis, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, 
 Lafferty, Keuben, musterid out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Lesley, Oscar C, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 McDonald, John, jr., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Milam, Thomas, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Meiser, Emil, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 McFarland, Pliny, mustered out Oct. 20, 1864, for re- 
 enlistment. 
 Mitcliell, James A., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Nicholas, .lolin, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Pointer, William, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Paine, John Calyin, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Prentice, Charles H., musiered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Phelps, Jacob S., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Phillips, Joseph, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Rittenhouse, Zaccheus, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Eandolph, Joseph 0., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Terrell, Isaac L., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Thomas, William H., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Tucker, George, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Teter, Moses S., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Utey, George M., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Wright, George, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 West, Benjamin J., jr., mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Ward, Mark, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Woods, Jeremiah, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. 
 
 ONE HUNDEED AND FORTY-POUETH INFANTRY 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 (Owe Year Service.') 
 
 CYRUS HALL, COLONEL COMMANDING. 
 
 ReentUs. 
 Brooke, Francis, mustered out, July 14, 1865. ■ 
 Davenport, Henry, transf d Dec. 12, 1864, by reason 
 
 of draft. 
 Davenport, Adrian, transf 'd, Dec. 12, 1864, by reason 
 
 of draft. 
 Goodwin, Elijah, died at Alton, 111., Dec. 24, 1864. 
 
 Private. 
 Ricker, Christian, died at Alton, III,, Jan. 21, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " F." 
 
 Privates. 
 Meyers, Toneyer, mustered out, July 14, 1865. 
 Schmahl, John H., mustered out, July 14, 1865. 
 
 Recruit. 
 Humphries, James, mustered out, July 14, 1865, 
 
 Privates. 
 Brown, John H., mustered out, July 12, 1865. 
 Coffel, Andrew J., mustered out, July 12, 1865. 
 DilHnger, Jacob, mustered out, July 12, 1865. 
 Farris, Robert, mustered out, July 12, 1865. 
 Garrott, Isaac W., mustered out, July 12, 1865, 
 Killian, Otto, mustered out, July 12, 1865. 
 Mason, Phillip, mustered out, July 14, 1865. 
 Summers, William, mustered out, July 14, 1865. 
 Yarbrough, James, mustered out, July 14, 1865. 
 
 Of the 144, St. Clair county furnished a few men in 
 companies A, D. F. and I. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 
 REGIMENT. - 
 
 (100 Days Service.) 
 
 MUSTER EOLL. 
 
 Private. 
 Dew, Jeremiah, mustered out, Sept. 23, 1864. 
 Peterson, James N., mustered out, Sept. 23, 1864. 
 Rex, William, mustered out, Sept. 23, 1864. 
 Wood, Lewis H., mustered out, Sept. 23, 1864. 
 Webb, Frank, mustered out, Sept. 23, 1864. 
 
 The above men in the 145th regiment, were from 
 St. Clair county. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 
 
 (Ofte year's service). 
 This regiment Illinois Volunteers, was or- 
 ganized at Camp Butler, on February 11th, 
 1865, by Colonel William C. Kueffner, and 
 was mustered into the United States service 
 
 for one year. Col. Kueffner, of this regiment, 
 entered the service in April,. 1861, and was 
 made Captain of company B, in the Ninth 
 Illinois Infantry. November 1, 1863, on ac- 
 count of wounds received in action at Shiloh 
 and Corinth, he was transferred to the Vete- 
 ran Reserve Corps, where he received a com- 
 mission as Captain from, the general govern- 
 ment. 
 
 On the organization of the 149th Infantry, 
 as above stated, Kueffner was commissioned 
 Colonel, and March 13th, 1865, was promoted 
 Brevet Brigadier General. As an officer, 
 General Kueffner was brave and skillful, 
 never once shrinking from a post of duty. He 
 now resides in Belleville, Illinois, where he 
 enjoys a lucrative practice in the legal profes- 
 sion, and the esteem of his fellow citizens. 
 
 Three days after the organization of the 
 regiment, Feb. 14th, it moved from Camp 
 Butler for Nashville, Tennessee, and from 
 thence moved to Chattanooga. It was assigned 
 by Major General Steadman to duty guard- 
 ing railroads. On May 1st, it was assigned to 
 Col. Felix Prince, Salm's Second Brigade, 
 Second Separate Division, Army of the Cum- 
 berland, and on the 2d moved to Dalton, 
 Georgia. On July 6th moved to Atlanta. 
 On the 26th, being assigned to duty in the 
 Fourth Sub-Division of District of AUatoona, 
 it was assigned to guard duty in that Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 The regiment was mustered out January 
 27th, 1866, at Dalton, Georgia, and ordered to 
 Springfield, Illinois, where it received final 
 payment and discharge. 
 
 Nearly all of the men in companies B, C, 
 D, H, I and K, of this regiment, enlisted from 
 St. Clair county. Below is the roster of those 
 credited to this county. 
 
 STAFF. 
 Colond. 
 
 Wm. C. Kueffner, prom. Bri vet-Brig. Gen. March 13, 
 1865 1 mustered out Jan . 27, 1866. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel. 
 Alexander G. Hawcs, must'd out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Qiiarta-master. 
 John Berry, mmst'd out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 NON COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 Seryeant-Major. 
 John H. Lacy, must, out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Qiiarlermaster-Sergeant. 
 Eufus D. Garmo, must, out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Commissary-Sergeant. 
 William R. Schember, must, out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Hospital Steward. 
 Byron Marney, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Principal Musicians. 
 Sebastian Baunum, reduced to ranks in Co. K. 
 Louis Kleber, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY "A." 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Kremar, Antoine, muat. out, Jan 27, 1866; as Corpl. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " B." 
 Captains. 
 Charles Seitz, resigned Aug. 22, 1865. 
 Rudolph Strenge, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First Lieutenard. 
 Jacob Coerver, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Peter Brucher, resigned May 19, 1865. 
 Jacob Geminn, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Jacob Coerver, promoted. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Charles Glasser, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 George Gahs, must. out. Jan 27, 1866. 
 Jacob Pees, must, out, Jan. 27, 186t>. 
 
 Ccyrpwdls. 
 E.nyraond, August, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866; as Sergt. 
 Ferdinand Dauster, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Jopeph Hammer, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Philip Laumbattus, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Louis Steiger. must, out, Jan. 27, 1866 ; as private. • 
 Joi<eph Stoeekli. 
 
 William R. Sclirember, prom. Commis. Sergt. 
 Henry Weber, must, out, Jan. 27, 2866. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Daniel Green, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Peter Raushkolb, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Christian Reck, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Privates. 
 Abegg, Robert, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Amold, Carl. must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ackerman, Joseph, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bohn, Simon, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bleier, Jacob, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Behrer, Cornelius, killed bv railroad accident, at 
 
 Resaca, Ga., July 30, 1865. 
 Baum, Martin, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Erhret, Tobia.s, mu.st. tut, Jan, 27, 1866; as Corpl. 
 Eming, Nicolas, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Frey, John, must, out, Jan 27, 1866. 
 Fullmer, Daniel, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Fullmer, William, must, out, Jan 27. 1866. 
 Fries, Conrad, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Guraersheimer, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Gra.«.sman, Franz, mu.st. out, Jan. 27, 1866, as Corpl. 
 Goebel, Gehrliard, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Hopf, Frank, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Hees, Wm., must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 HofTman, Joseph, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Heise, John, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ha-senstab, John, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Hanser, Jacob, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Janett, John, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Jeffray, Peter, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Janson, August, must, out, Jan 27, 1866. 
 Jost, Adam, must out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Janson, William, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Karl, Felix, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kehert Matliias, muat. out, Jan 27, 1866. 
 Koch, Carl. must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kuester, Henry C, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Klamm, Chri.stian, must.' out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kirchner, George, must. out. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kriedner, Franz, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Liimbattns, Philip, Jr., must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Meyer, Louis, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ma.«erong, Joseph, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Mueller, Louis, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Mueller, John, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Mutller, William, must, our, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Nischwilz, Conrad, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866; as Corpl. 
 Neuber,t).T. W., must, out, Jan. 27, 1866; as IslSgt. 
 Priesacber, Henry, must, out, Jan. 26, 1866. 
 Priesacher. Cliri.-tian, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ptiffner, Alex., Co. M.O. rolls say deser. Dec. 20, '65. 
 Kay, William, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Rutschmann, Jacob, must. out. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Reno, Henry, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Raw, Adam, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Reinbold, George, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Rauschkott, William, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Rau, Michatl, must out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Sander, Otto, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866, as musician. 
 Siegfried, David,,must. out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 149 
 
 Schlegel, Joseph, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Silbere, Joseph, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Saltier, Edmund, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Schuessler, Adam, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Schutz, Mariin, must out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Schader, Philip, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Scroeder, John, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866 
 Schitz, Nicholaus, must, out, Jan. 27. 1866. 
 Strallner, Frank, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Schneider, Jolin, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Schweikart, Husband, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Sarlouis, Christopher, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Sehmiltling, Nicholaus, must out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Suhmidt, Louis, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Totsch, Johann, must out, Jan- 27, 1866. 
 
 Totsch, Mathias, Siust. out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Ulrich, Johann, must out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Vogel, Carl, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Vetier, Franz, must. out. Jan 27, 1866. 
 
 Wlndweh, Henry, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Winterbauer, Carl, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Wiskemann, F. Julius, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Wagner, Charles, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Woli; Peter, must, out, Jan -27, 1866. 
 
 Wehrung, George, must, out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Winterbauer, John, must, out, Jan. 27, lb66'. 
 
 MUSTEE BOLL, COMPANY " C." 
 Giptain. 
 John W. Kenshaw, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First I/ieutenant. 
 Oziel G. Smith, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 David Badgley, resigned April 11. 1865. 
 Chailes A. Benson, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First Sergeant.. 
 George T. Turner, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Joseph Pulliam, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Andrew J. SisFon, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kdward E. McBride, killed by private Samuel E. P. 
 
 Clark, April 1, 1865. 
 Charles W. Thornsbery, must, out Jan. 27, '66 ; as pr. 
 
 Corporals. 
 George H. Evans, must, out Jan. 27, 1866, as private. 
 Joseph Mantille, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Byron Marney, promoted Hospital Steward. 
 Charles Schillroth, must, out Jan. 27, '66 ; as private. 
 William W. Barber, must, out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 J)hn J. Pulliam must, out Jan. 27, '66, as sergeant. 
 Bvrd M. Kobinson, must, out Jan. 27, '66, as private. 
 
 Musicians. 
 August Heirr, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Henry Jensen, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Francis M. Farris, mustered out Jan. 27, 1886. 
 
 Privates. 
 Beal, Lorenzo mustered out Jan. 27. 1866. 
 Briscoe, Anderson mustered out Jan. 27, 1866, 
 Benson, Charles A. promoted Serg't. then 2ii Lieut. 
 Bonham, Lemuel mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Carr, Patrick mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Coats, David mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Clark, Charles S. mustertd out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Clark, Thomas mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Clark, S. E. P. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Cravat; C. S. mustered out, as Serg't., Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Cloud, John A. deserted Aug. 9, 1865. 
 Deans, Henry mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Dicker, Heiu-y mustered out Jan 27, 1863. 
 Eiakuss, Christian mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Eddy, Kichard mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Fierst, Joseph mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Farris, Wilford, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Frill, Hugh, absent sick at muster out of regiment. 
 Frank, Charles mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Goodwin, A. J. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Geary, James mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Germain, John serg't., deserted Nov. 19, 1865. 
 Grotte, Frederick mustered out Jan. 1866. 
 Hill, William mustered out Jan. 1866. 
 Hill, Peter C. mustered out Jan. 1866. 
 Hughes, Francis mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Hofmeister, Jacob, must, out Jan. 27, '66, as sergeant. 
 Hotter, George must, out Jan. 27, '66^ as First Serg t. 
 
 Hotter, George mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ingles, George W. must, out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Isaacs. Eliiah mustered out Jan , 27 1866. 
 Keller, Eobert M. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kneapkamp, William mustered out Jan. 27, 1866 
 Kinney, Samuel M. must, out Jan. 27, '66, as serg't. 
 Leftwich, C. W. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Lord, Nephi deserted Aug. 3, 1865. 
 Luke, David mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 McCrasfon, Kobert mustered out Jan. 27, '66, ascorp. 
 McCullough, J. J. corporal, deserted Oct. 5, 1865. 
 McLaughlin, Pat mustered out J.iu. 27, 1866. 
 Merker, George W. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Miller, John P. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Mantille, Lorenzo mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Moody, Larkin M. deserted Aug. 9, 1865. 
 McM-irray, Michael 1st serg't., deserted Nov. 21, '65. 
 Nicholas, Joseph H. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Newhoiise, William deserted Aug. 3, 1865. 
 Qninn, John mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kittinghouse, Elijah mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kandall, Thomas mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Kogger, William mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Rollason, Edward mustered out Jan. 27, 1866 
 Swift, William E. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Sissori, William mustered out Jan. 27, 1866, 
 Stoddard, William mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Stoddard, Hugh mustered out Jan. 27, 1866, as corp. 
 Studt, Abraham died at Gamp Butler, III., Sep. 2, '65. 
 Stoltz, Louis mustered out Jan. 27, 1866, as rarp. 
 Seward, George W. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Schloeman, Fred, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Smith, Thomas mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Sanderdick, Henry mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Turek, Nicholas mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Wolf, George mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Wood, John T. mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Whitaker, William mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 MUSTEE ROLL, COMPANY " D." 
 Captain. 
 Samuel Schimminger, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Christian Zimmerman, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Emil Schcitlin, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Henry Gabelman, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Conrad Hatzenbuler, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Jacob Pfarlner, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Lewis Schoenborn, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John Hoob, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866, as private. 
 Fritz Huck, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Phillip Eesch, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Christian Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Lewis Klaus, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 John Turk, mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 William Bachius, must, out Jan. 27, '66;^as private. 
 Michael J. Flanery, mustered out Jan. 27,1866. 
 
 Musicians. 
 George Benz, mu.stered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Thomas Martin, died at Cleveland, Tenn., Ap. 27, '65 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Fritz Dittman, must, out Jan. 27, 1866, as private. 
 
 Privates. 
 Altraansberger, Christian mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Altmansberger, Jacob mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ackerman, John mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Arris, Fritz mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bahl, John mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bucannon, George mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Beecher, John mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Braun, Michael mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Breidenbach, John mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Breidenbach, Jacob mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bennett, Jackson mustered out Jan . 27, 1866. 
 Cunningham, Henry L. mustered out Jan. 27, 186b. 
 Dillman, John mustered out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Ebert, GotUeb, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Farnhopf, John, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Filkel, John, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Gabel. Henry, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 (Jarrett, Houston, M. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Hofart, Adam, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Herman, John, lU. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Herman, Michael, M. O. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Hanser, Fritz, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Heirrich, William, M. 0. Jan. 27, 18 i6 ; as corporal. 
 
 Johnson, John W., M. 0. Jan. 27, 180t>. 
 
 Jungerman, William, M. 0. Jan. 27, lbb6. 
 
 Kiem, Jacob, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Kepper, Louis, M. 0. .an. 27, 1866. 
 
 Kochler, Conrad, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Kadel, Peter, deserted Sept. 2, 18b5. 
 
 Klein, Jacob, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Kunne, Jacob, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Karst, Nicholas, M. out Jan. 27, 18B6. 
 
 Larst, or Leroh, Fritz, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Leibig, or Leby, Philip, M. out Jan. 27, 18 j6. 
 
 Lannan, Fritz, deserted Dec. 3t>, 1865. 
 
 Lagnet, Nicholas, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Michelson, Fritz, M. out Jan. 27, 18b6. 
 
 Meyer, Fritz, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Miller, John J., M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Mathias, Frank, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Milton, John E., M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Nollman, Fritz, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Oberding, Frank, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Panter, Zeriack, M. out Jan. 27, 18bb. 
 
 Pfarr, George, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Pabst, Philip, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Roth, Alois, corporal, deserted Dee. 11, 1865. 
 
 Reppenhager, F., M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Stecher, Alois, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Schuth, Peter, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Schneider, Peter, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Stohrm, or Strum, Geo., M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Schoenle, Vincent, deserted Dec. 11, I860. 
 
 Schoelkopf, Louis, M. out Jan. 27, 18b6. 
 
 Schmidt, David, deserted Dec. 11, 1805. 
 
 Schemborn, Martin, M. out Jan. 27, 1806. 
 
 Stoll, Adam, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Seibert, George, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Smith, James B., M. out Jan. 27, 1866 ; as wagoner. 
 
 StoUer, Jacob, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Schafra, John, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Stoltz, John, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Tusant, Frank, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Teichman, Herman, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Vergin, David, M. out Jan. 27, 18b6. 
 
 Vergin, Robert, M. out Jan. 27, 18b6. 
 
 Velker, John, M. out Jan. 27, 186d. 
 
 Weber, Peter, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Wolf, Pete, M. out Jan. Z7, 1866. 
 
 Weimer, Sebastian, 
 
 Westrice, John. 
 
 Zimmerman, Peter, died at Cleveland,Tenn.,Mar. 7,'65. 
 
 MUSTEK ROLL, COMPANY " H." 
 Captain. 
 George Bender, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 First Lieuteannt. 
 Samuel E. Keymer, M. out Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Joseph Reith, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 First Sergeant. 
 George Semmelroth, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Sergeants. * . 
 Joseph Stein, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as private 
 Rudolph Blatter, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as private. 
 Ernst Berlayor Barlach, M. 0. .lan. 27, 1806. 
 Charles Nebgar, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Corporals. 
 August Wurmb, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Louis Linne, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as sergeant. 
 Ferdinand Hecker, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as private. 
 George Jung, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as sergeant. • 
 Christian Merz, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 George Wind, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1806 ; as private. 
 John Holder, priv., died at Dalton, Ga., Aug. 28, '65. 
 Adam Dagne, M. 0, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bauer, Nepomuck, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bange, Julius, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1860. 
 Bumb, Jacob, M. 0. Jan. 27, 18 6. 
 Berthold, Peter, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Borquet, Jos., M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Brasch, Fritz, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Bole, John L., M. 0. Jan. 27, 18b6. 
 
150 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Berger, Joseph, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Bernst, John, M.O. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as corporal. 
 
 Cramer, John, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Dumont, August, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Erb, George, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1806. 
 
 Frees, George, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Freitag, George, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Fischer, Christian, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866 ; as corporal. 
 
 Fischer, George, M. 0. Jan. 27, 186(5. 
 
 Gegel, Lorenz, M. 0. Jan. 27, 186ti. 
 Geiger, Mathias, M. 0. Jan. 27, 18H6. 
 Geip, George, M. Jan. 27, 186li. 
 
 Henblein, Peter, M. Jan. 27, 1766. 
 
 Heigele, Jacob, M. 0. Jan. 27, 186H. 
 
 HarsDh, Jacob, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Hellrung, Franz, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Hirsch, Stephen, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Jaimet, Benjamin, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Keller, Peter, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Kochier, Philip, M. 0. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Koeber, Adam, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Klein, Peter, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 King, John B , mustered out; January 27, 1866. 
 
 Loos, Adam, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Lentz, George, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Langenstein, William, mustered out, Jan. 27, 1S66. 
 
 Lantz, .4dam, mustered out, January 27, 1866 
 
 Miller, Philip, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Mueller, Bernhard, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Muehlhauser, Karl, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Meier, Christian, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as corp'l. 
 
 Mason, Jacob S., mustered out, January 27, 1866. . 
 
 Neff, Joseph, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Politsch, Waigand, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Peter, Joseph, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Kieper, William, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Kuthgangel, Gottlieb, mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 Stock, Jacob, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Suhr, Henry, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Stieper, Friedrich, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66; as corp'l. 
 
 Selle, Friedrich, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Seitz, Jacob, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Tillock, Henry, mustered out, January 27,1866. 
 
 "Weber, Jacob, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 "Wittenauer, Primu.s, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Wirtz, Lorenzo, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Zachringer, Konrad, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Recruit. 
 
 Leonhard, George, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " I." 
 Captain. 
 
 John L. Peterson, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 First Lieutenant. 
 
 Edward L. French, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Henry Gaty, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 Bufus De Garmo, promoted Q. M. Sergeant. 
 
 Dempsey W. Fountain, mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866 ; 
 
 as sergeant. 
 Oliver P. Helmen, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as private. 
 David W. Spangler, must'd out, January 27, 1866. 
 Jas. S. Bisley, must'd out, Jan. 27, 1866 ; as private. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John W. Benson, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as serg't. 
 Edmond C. Snowdon, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as serg't. 
 Chas. B. Mispley, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as private. 
 Joseph Aberle, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 William F. Tony, mustered out, Janii.ary 27, 1866. 
 Martin Anderson, deserted, July 24, 1865. 
 Chas. F. Grimes, must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as private. 
 
 Musician. 
 James H. McMurtry, mustered out, January 27, '66. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Jesse Putnam, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 4 Privates. 
 
 Anderson, William M., must'd out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 AUbe, Enoch, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Arthur, James J., mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Bliss, Noah J., mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Burke, Seward, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Bush, Albert, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Bridges, George W., mustered out, January 27, '66. 
 
 Curtis, Shelby, mustered out, January 27, 18C6. 
 Cowling, John, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Cox, Clement C., mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 De Garmo, Charles, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Depriest, Ellis B., must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as corp'l. 
 Foran, George, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Fugate, George W , mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Forester, Michael, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Flinn, Samuel, absent sick at M. O. of regiment. 
 Fahe, Thomas, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Grine, Denis F., must'd out, Jan. 27, '66 ; as corp'l. 
 Goe, George, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 George, Henry, deserted, July 24, 1865. 
 Harris, Charles, mu.stered out, January 27, 1866. _ 
 Hansman, Louis, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Hofflicker, Samuel, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Jeffries, Matthew, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 McNight, David D. 
 
 McDonald, Elias, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 McDonald, John, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Magg, Jacob, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Neimier, August, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Orten, James E., died at Chattanooga, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Osborne, Allan, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Putnam, William, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Biffep, Thomas, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Earick, Washington D., mustered out, Jan. 27, '66. 
 Simpson, George W., mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Slate, James K., mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Suter, Thomas, deserted, September 24, 1865. 
 Tracy, Thomas S., mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 Ulmer, Jacob, died at Dalton, Ga., September 7, '65. 
 Weinerth, Adam, mustered out, January 27, 1865. 
 Yarbier, Elisha, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 MUSTER ROLI-, COMPANY " E.'' 
 Captain, 
 George Peters, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Henry Kissell, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Charles Jacobus, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Urst Sergeant. 
 Lenhart Balz, mustered out, January 27, 1866. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 William Bartman. mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Christian Peter, mustered out Jan. 27. '66. 
 Adam Wegandt, must, out .Tan. 27, '66, as private. 
 George Stoerger, must, out Jan. 27, '66, as private. 
 
 Corporals. 
 August Schultz, must, out Jan. 27, '66. as sergeant. 
 Jacob Braun, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 John Held, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Martin Spater, must, out Jan. 27, '66, as private. 
 Carl Miller, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Jacob Schubert, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 William Cayakap, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 William Plates, mustered out Jan 27, '66. 
 
 Musician. 
 Sebastian Baumann, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Privates. 
 Amend, John, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Balheimer, George, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Bender, Christian, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Behm, Nicholas, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Bingel, Leonard, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Baumbauer, Peter, mustered out Jan. '27, '56. 
 Benz, Henry, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Christ, John, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Eckar, Louis, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Franks, Andras, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Frelzinger, George, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Fiddler, Henry, mustered out Jan. 27, '63. 
 Fisher, Henry, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Gross, Andrew, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Gallen, Lewis, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Gukes, William, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Goldman, Andrea.', mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Grop, Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Holt, James A., musiered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Kleber, Louis, promoted principal musician. 
 Krusie, Fred., mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Klein, Adam, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Keiffer, Joseph, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Krein, Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Keller, Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Keller, Conrad, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Lauffer, Henry, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Lauth, Henry J , mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Laulh, Henry, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Lauth, Christian, musiered out Jan 27, '66. 
 
 Lauth, Jacob, 2d, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Muller, Fred., mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Metzker, Albert, mustered out Jan. 27, '66 
 
 Muldrow, Samuel, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Miller, Adam, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Muskoph, Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Prinzen, Fred., mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Reamer, George, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Beyxlioser, William, mustered out Jan. '27, '66. 
 
 Bech, Theobald, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Schwab, Valentine, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Schiner, John, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Schraider, John, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Schibel, Larenz, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Stulzen, Adam, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Stell, George, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. _ 
 
 Schubert, Philip, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 
 Threass, Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, '66. 
 Recruit. 
 
 Lacy, John H., promoted sergeant major. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY REGI- 
 MENT. 
 
 {One Year Service.) 
 
 MtJSTEE EOLL COMPANY " F." 
 
 Privates. 
 McClure, William G., mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Roseberry, Tiffany, mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866. 
 Roseberry, William, mustered out. Jan. 27, 1866. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FOURTH INFANTRY 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 {One Year Service.) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " C." 
 Captain. 
 Benajah M. Coxe, resigned. May 19, 1805. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 James M. Carlton, mustered out, Sept. 18, 1865. 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " D." 
 Privates. 
 Barnard, James H., mustered out, Sept. 18, 1805. 
 Dongherty, David M., mustered out, Sept. 18, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 {One Year Service.) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " A." 
 Privates. 
 Goodwin, Hardy W., mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Kuenz, Christian, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1805. 
 Maer, August, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Reus, George, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Seliger, Matthias, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Wolf, Adam, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY '' K." 
 
 Sergeant. 
 Samuel Fulton, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865, as Priv't. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Theodore Opperman, must'd out, Sept. 4, '65, as Sergt. 
 William Green. 
 
 Samuel B. Hampton, absent sick at M. 0. of Kegt. 
 David Richard, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865, as Priv't. 
 William Tinder, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 
 Privates. 
 Allen, John, mustered out. Sept 4, 1866. 
 Blake, Allsey, deserted, March 3, 1865. 
 Brown, Isaac, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Clark, J.ames, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Clark, Charles, deserted, March 3, 1865. 
 Donovan, Richard, deserted, March 9, 1865. 
 Godfrey, Benjamin, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Hild, George, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Hammond, Martin, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Hanley, Samuel D., mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Kline, Charles, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Krentzer, John, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Long, Philip, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Maloney, Michael, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 
EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 161 
 
 Perry, Henry 0., mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Kobinson, 'ihomas, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 Schneider, Franz, mustered out, Sept. 4, 1865. 
 ■Watta, Crei^hton, must'd out, Sept. 4, '65, as IstSergt. 
 
 ALTON BATTALION. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL CAPT. CURTIs' INDEPENDENT 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Captain. 
 John Curtis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Christopher Lischer. mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Daniel J. Keeley, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 John Gwillim, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 SergearUs. 
 Thomas J. Free, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Garrett (J. Land, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Lewis W. Cain, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Jacob Pfertner, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Benjamin M. Cox, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864, as 
 
 private. 
 Jacob Schmidt, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Michael Hack, mustered oat October 7, 1864. 
 
 Musician. 
 Thomas Martin, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Conrad Kleis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 Anderson, Francis M., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Bachmann, Nic, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Earth, Henry, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Baehr, Fritz, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Bahl, John, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Black, Edmund A., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Biby, Caswell W., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Becker, John, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Caar, Aaron, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Cox, Joseph A., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Curtis, David A., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Clark, John, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Cook, Carl, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Duncan, James, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Doermer, Fritz, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Danglitz, William, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Daar, Mathias, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Donner, Albert, mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, as 
 
 corporal. 
 Eisemayer, George C, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Klkel, Peter, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Freund, Peter, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Fike, Abel C, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Furd, Pennington, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Gemins, Jakel, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Garrett, Houstin, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hamers, Daniel, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hauck, Jacob, mustered out Oct. 7. 1864. 
 Herrmann, Michael, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hutten, Henry, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Kleis, George, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Kemler, John, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Leffler, Gebhard, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Lerch, William, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Mager, William, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Mtchelson, Fritz, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Meyer, Fred., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Nickel, Louis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Ott, Henry, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Pickens, Newton J., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Koesch, Philip, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Eagland, William C, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Ragland, Silas H., died at Camp Butler June 30, 
 
 1864. 
 Soheures, Peter, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Schlotterbick, Henry, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Schmidt, Hugo, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864 
 Schneider, Philip, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Sears, Elmer, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Sauerweiu, Ernst, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Stiver, Tobias, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Tetricke, Riley, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Werling, Jacob, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Wigam, Philip, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Wolf, Peter, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Whiteside, William S., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 White, James M., mustered, out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 ALTON BATTALION. 
 
 MUSTER EOLL CAPTAIN STOOKEY's INDE- 
 PENDENT COMPA^Y. 
 Captain. 
 Simon J. Stookey, mustered out 0«t. 7, 1864. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 William M. Lewis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 James W. Isam, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 James M. Carlton, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Franklin W. Brown, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Jacob Killion, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 William S. Atkinson, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Frederick Haser, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Lewis Wetheroth, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Jacob Sutter, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Harry J. Frankley, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Charles S. Clark, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Luther R. Pinkerton, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 Applegate, Lewis R., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Bresacker, Lewis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Bailey, Samuel J., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Burke, Franklin M., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Benson, Newton, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Barnes, Lewis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Clark, Riley, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Cox, Anthony, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Derleth, Gerhard, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Evans, William T., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Farriss, Robert, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Farriss, Wilfred, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Fuchs, Lewis, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Farriss, Francis M., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Fagal, John E., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Greffen, William, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Homes, Enoch, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Harsey, Philip, mus'ered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hughes, Lewis W., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hosier, George, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hewett, George, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Hopfinger, Frederick, died July 8, 1864. 
 Kaeger, Nicholas, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Keller, Adam, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Keller, Jacob, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Kirkpatrick, John, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Linville, George W., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Lambaters, Philip, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Looknet, Gustavo, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Miningen, F., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 McCarty, Steven, mustered out October 7, 1864. 
 Miller, John, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Oga, Franklin, mustered out Oc. 7, 18t)4. 
 Patterson, Richard E., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Riderman. Valentine, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Rabe, John, mustered out Oct, 7, 1864. 
 Roach, William W., transferred to 11th 111. cav. June 
 
 22, 1814. 
 Smirk, Herman, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Schultz, Jacob, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Swift, William E., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Shubert, Jacob, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Snider, Josepli, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Sibenoiar, Nicholas, mustered out Oct. 7, 1804. 
 Stookey, William W., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Wliitmore, James C, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Wahelle, Frederick, mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 White, James P., mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Wider, Nicholas, -mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. 
 
 SECOND CAVALRY REGIMENT. 
 
 (Three Years' Service.) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " E." 
 Captains. 
 Samuel P. Tipton, resigned Oct. 6, 1863 ; V, R. C. 
 August Whiting, discharged at consol., June 24,'65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Edwin F. Babcock, resigned Mar. 15, 1862. 
 David H. Porter, resigned Nov. 22, 1862. 
 James J. Tipton, discharged March 1, 1865. 
 
 Second Liinlinant. 
 Marcus L. Moore, resigned Sept. 29, 1865. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 August Whiting, promoted. 
 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant. 
 Robert T. Cunningham, disch. May 26,'62; disab. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 James J. Tipton, veteran, prom, tirst lieut. 
 Robert Billington, discharged Jan. 1, 1862 ; disab. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Michael Ward, discharged Dec. 3, 62, as sergt; disab. 
 And. P. Power, disch. Aug. 11, '64, as sergt. ; term ex. 
 Dan. G. Crichlow, disch. Aug. ll,'64,as priv. ; term ex. 
 Henry C. Long. 
 Oliver D. Rhoades, disch. July 20, 1862 ; disab. 
 
 Buglers. 
 Gotlieb M- Wilhelm, disch. Aug. 11, '64, priv.; t'm ex. 
 Albert McDonald, veteran. 
 
 William Midgley. 
 
 Farrier. 
 Blacksmith. 
 
 Joseph Locker, disc. Aug. 11, 1864 ; term expired. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 John J. Farmer, discharged Oct. 27, 1862 ; disability. 
 
 Privcdes. 
 Andrews, Henry, veteran ; Mustered out Nov. 22, 
 
 1865, as 1st sergeant. 
 Casard, Samuels., discharged Aug. 11, 1864, as sergt. ; 
 
 term expired. 
 Clarkson, Frederick, discharged Aug. 11, 1864 ; term 
 
 expired. 
 Clucas, Joseph, veteran. 
 Craven, Smith, re-enlisted as veteran. 
 Culver, Aaron, re-enlisted as vet. ; killed in a skir- 
 mish near Plaquemine, La., Sept. 25, 1864. 
 Darrow, James L., disc. April 14, 1862 ; disability. 
 Darrow, John H., died at Paducah, Ky., March 5, 
 
 1862. 
 Davis, Reese W., discharged Aug. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 Edwards, John D., disc. August 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Elliot, Robert, died at Cairo, 111., Nov. 28, ]8t<l. 
 Ely, George W., discharged Jan. 1, 1862; disability. 
 Ewi, Christian, discharged Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Fitzgerald, William E., disc. Ang. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 Gatterman, William, transf. to Co. " F"; consolidated. 
 Hall, Andrew J., disc. July 20, 18t2, as ccrpoial; 
 
 disability. 
 Higgins, Harrison J. ; disc. Aug. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 Higgins, John M., re-enlisted as vet. ; mu&tered out 
 
 June 24, 1865, as corp. 
 Kelly, James K., re-enlisted as vet. 
 Kelley, George M., disc. Aug. 11, 1864. as corporal ; 
 
 term ex. 
 Kirgan, Simon S., disc. March 20, 1862; disability. 
 Kelley, William H., disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Klein, Joseph, disc. Aug. 11, 1864 : term ex. 
 Knowles, Henry M., disc. Aug. 11, 18ij4, as sergt.; 
 
 term ex. 
 Laundy, Fletcher. 
 
 Lee, George, disc. Aug. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 McDonald, George, disc. Aug. 11, 1864, as bugler; 
 
 term ex. 
 Meyer, Henry, re-enlisted as vet. 
 Nichols, John W , disc. Aug. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 Ogden, David, re-enlisted as vet. ; died at Baton 
 
 Rouge Nov. 6, 1864 ; wounds. 
 Paine, Americus ' ., disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Parsons, Thos. J. M., disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Pointer, John J., disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Ray, William H., disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Reed, Alfred L., disc. March 20, 1862; disability. 
 Reed, James A., disc. May 26, 1862; disability. 
 Rowley, John, drowned. May 15, 1862. ^ 
 Runyan, Andrew J., disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Scott, William, disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 Shephard, Albert. 
 Speidel, Philip F., disc. Aug. 11, 1864, as wagoner; 
 
 term expired. 
 Sperdel, David S., disc. Aug. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 Steward, Edward, disc. June 1, 1862; disability. 
 
152 
 
 HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Sutton, John L., died at Paducah, Ky., March 16, 
 1862. 
 
 Thornton, Robert, re-enlisted as vet. 
 
 Tapping, Robert J., re-enlisted as -veteran; quarter- 
 master sergt. ; disc. Nov. 24, 1864. 
 
 Vedder, Isaac S., died at Paducah, Ky., Mch 4, 1862. 
 
 Voorhies, Cornelius P. 
 
 Weber, Charles, disc. Aug. 11, 1864 ; term ex. 
 
 Wilson, Abram, disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 
 Yates, Andrew, disc. Nov. 15, 1861 ; disability. 
 
 Young, William, disc. Aug. 11, 1864; term ex. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Casad, Chas. C, died at Paducah, Ky., Mch 28, 1862. 
 Cole, A. T., mustered out Nov. 22, 1865. 
 Fitzpatrick, Josiah, disc. Oct. 20, 1862 ; disability. 
 Frakes, Jacob, mustered out Nov. 22, 1866. 
 Prakes, Henry, mustered out Nov. 22. 1865. 
 Harp, George W., mustered out Nov. 22, 1865. 
 Kerr, William A., disc. Sept. 3, 1864 ; term ex. 
 McGee, Stephen, mustered out Nov. i;2, 1865. 
 Radefelt, John A., mustered out Nov. 22, 1865. 
 Scherffer, Charles, mustered out Nov. 22, 1865. 
 Scherflfer, Augustus, mustered out Nov. 22, 1865. 
 Toupilet, John, disc. April 6, 1865 ; term ex. 
 Utley, Manetho, mustered out Nov. 22, 1865. 
 
 THIRD (consolidated) CAVALRY REGI- 
 MENT. 
 
 (^Three Years' Service.) 
 
 MUSTEK ROLL COMPANY ' K." 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Charles Henderson, mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. 
 
 Private. 
 Barber, Austin J., mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. 
 
 FIFTH CAVALRY. 
 
 ( Three years' service. ) 
 The Fifth Cavalry regiment was organized 
 at Camp Butler, Illinois, in November, 1861, 
 and Hall Wilson appointed colonel. St. Clair 
 county had several representatives in this 
 command, as the subjoined roster will show. 
 
 On the 20th of February, 1862, the regi- 
 ment proceeded to Benton Barracks, St. Louis, 
 Mo., and on the 3d of March moved to Pilot 
 Knob, thence to Doniphan, and on the 1st of 
 April following had a skirmish with the ene- 
 my, capturing their camp, killing three and 
 taking seven prisoners; on the 17th of April 
 marched to Pocahontas ; June 27th started for 
 the Mississippi river, arrived at Jacksonsport 
 on the 29th, and joined Curtis' army, and 
 marched to Helena July 13th. October 22d, 
 a forage train was attacked by the enemy, and 
 Lieut. Elliott and seventy-eight men of the 
 Fifth Cavalry captured, after losing one 
 killed and six wounded. 
 
 On January 11th, 1863, the regiment made 
 an expedition to Duval's Bluff, and in April 
 pursued Marmaduke, who was retreating from 
 Missouri. May 29th, 186^^, embarked for 
 Vicksburg, and landed at Snyder's Bluff on 
 the 1st of June. Made a reconnoiseance to 
 Mechanicsburg, drove the enemy ten miles, 
 skirmishing heavily, capturing forty-three pri- 
 soners, losing one killed and seven wounded. 
 In July was with Sherman's army at Jackson, 
 Miss.; was in the expeditions to Meridian, 
 Canton, and Granada. In August, at the Yel- 
 lowbush, destroyed forty engines and three 
 hundred and twenty cars, by burning, which 
 
 could not be saved, as the bridge over the 
 Yellowbush was destroyed. On the 19th 
 moved toward Memphis; on the 21st encoun- 
 tered Blythe's rebel cavalry at Cold water, and 
 defeated them, the regiment losing one killed 
 and five wounded. Arrived at Memphis on 
 the 22d August, 1863 ; embarked for Vicks- 
 burg, and encamped at Black river August 
 29th, where they remained until May 1st, 1864, 
 then moved to Vicksburg. In October, with 
 General McPherson's Seventeenth corps at 
 Jackson, took part in a cavalry charge at 
 Brownsville, routing General Adams. 
 
 January 1st, 1864, many of the regiment re- 
 enlisted as veterans. On February 3d moved 
 with Sherman's command on the Meridian 
 raid. March 17th, the veterans were fur- 
 loughed, returning to the command May 10th, 
 186*4. On the 27th, Colonel John McConnell, 
 of Springfield, arrived, was mustered and took 
 Command of the regiment. At this time eight 
 companies were dismounted, and did garrison 
 duty. Companies A, B and C were fully 
 mounted and equipped During the months 
 of July and September, the battalion was at 
 Jackson and Port Gibson, skirmishing and 
 fighting frequently. Subsequently moved to 
 Natchez, thence to Tonica Bend, landed and 
 moved to Woodville. Surprised and captured 
 a rebel camp; during the night the enemy 
 advanced with three guns and six hundred 
 men. The Fifth Cavalry and Third United 
 States Cavalry, under Colonel McConnell, 
 charged the enemy the next morning, driving 
 him in confusion, and captured three cannon. 
 Returned to Vicksburg October 11th. After 
 this the regiment spent several mouths skir- 
 mishing. In January went on an expedition 
 to southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana, 
 returning February 13th. Ou the 1st July, 
 moved to Texas via Red river. The regiment 
 was assigned to General Forsythe's brigade, 
 second division, Major-General Curtis com- 
 manding. Arrived at Hempstead, Texas, Au- 
 gust 26th. Remained at this post until Octo- 
 ber 6th; then ordered to Springfield, 111. 
 Mustered out October 27th, and received final 
 payment and discharge October 30th, 1865. 
 
 Buglers. 
 Joseph G. Miles, discharged May 2, 1863. 
 Joseph P. Brown, died at Helena, Ark., Nov. 4, '62. 
 
 Blacksmith. 
 .rohn P. Hildreth, discharged June 2, '65 ; disability. 
 
 Pr(Vates. 
 Alexander Lockwood, Serg't, died at Helena, Ark., 
 
 Nov. 8, '62. 
 Allen, Martin, discharged Mar. 11, '63 ; as sergeant. 
 Cable, Peter, veteran, died at Vicksburg, Sept. 8, '64. 
 Conger, Geo., veteran, must'd out Oct. 27, '65 ; as corp. 
 Center, Jacob, veteran, mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. 
 Dawson, Jos., veteran, died at Memphis, June 16,''65. 
 Garrett, James, died at Helena, Ark., ,Tan. 4, 1863. 
 Gott Albert, veteran, mustered out Oct. 27, 1866. 
 Jenkins, William, veteran must'd out Oct. 27, 1865. 
 McGee, Wm., veteran, mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. 
 Oden, Wilson, veteran, mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. 
 Price, William, veteran, mustered out Oct. 27, 1865 ; 
 
 as Blacksmith. 
 Simons, Nelson, discharged Nov. 6, 1862 ; disability. 
 Stibbons, Edward, mustered out Dec. 13, 1864. 
 Wellington, Wm., mustered out Oct. 27, '65; as Serg't. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 Chief Bugler. 
 Joseph G. Miles, discharged May 24, 1865. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY " H " 
 
 Captain. 
 Joseph A. Cox, honorably discharged April 10, 1866. 
 to date March 26, '63. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Richard Rainforth, Promoted Quartermaster. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Frederick AUbright, veteran, deserted May 9, 1864. 
 David Miller, discharged June 2, 1862 ; disability. 
 
 Corporals. 
 George Jenkins, disch'ed June21, '62, Priv. ; disability. 
 Patrick Fry, died at Camp Butler, 111. Dec. 28, '61. 
 William Pugh, died at Memphis March 21, 1865. 
 
 SEVENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 (Three years' service.') 
 This regiment was organized in September, 
 1861, with William Pitt Kellogg (now Senator 
 from Louisiana) as its colonel. St. CJair 
 county was represented by a few soldiers in 
 this regiment, in companies F and M, and 
 some unassigned recruits. The Seventh bore 
 an honorable part in the many engagements 
 in which it participated in the late civil war. 
 (We regret there is no history of this regiment 
 preserved in the Adjutant-General's oflice.) 
 Therefore our sketch is necessarily brief. 
 We append a roster of the soldiers from St. 
 Clair: 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY F. 
 
 Farrier. 
 
 August Hoardt, must'd out Oct. 15, '64, as blacksmith. 
 
 MUSTER ROr,L, COMPANY M. 
 Recruits. 
 Buchele, Leopold, mustered out Nov. 4, '65. 
 Dewald, Jacob, mu.stered out Nov. 4, '65. 
 Hahnn, Henry, mustered out May 22, '65. 
 Lay, Joseph, mu.stered out Nov. 4, '65. 
 Panter, Roman, mustered out Nov. 4, '65. 
 Panter, Michael, mustered out Nov. 4, '65. 
 Richter, Rudolph, mustered out Nov. 4, '65. 
 Sohrieber, William, mustered out Nov. 4, '65 ;is Sergt; 
 
 Unassigned Recruits. 
 Fuller, Joshua. 
 
 Hartman, John, veteran, rejected. 
 Linden, Thomas. 
 Pickerd, Joseph. 
 Seaman, Henry E. 
 
 We also add a roster of the men from this 
 county in the 8th and 10th Cav'y Regiments. 
 
 EIGHTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years' Service.) 
 Recruits 
 Beebwith, Arnold, mustered out July 17, '65. 
 Carnahan, David, mustered out July 17 '65. 
 
 TENTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years' Service.) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY C. 
 
 Recruits. 
 
 Simon, Jean Jaquea, trans, to Co. B, reorganizing. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY D. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Laforge, Alexander, vet., mustered out Nov. 22, '65. 
 
 Unassigned Recruits. 
 Kim, Frank. 
 Klein, John, 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 153 
 
 TWELFTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years Service.) 
 This reglmeat was organized in February, 
 1862, at CaicagD, Arno Yon being its first 
 colonel ; it formed a part of the Army of the 
 Department of the Mississippi, and in pur- 
 suance of general orders issued March 2d, 
 1865, it was consolidated into an eight-com- 
 pany organization, as the original term of ser- 
 vice had expired. Under the order of con- 
 solidation, Hasbrock Davis became colonel. 
 St. Clair county had representatives in this 
 regiment in companies " B," " D," " E," and 
 "F." The 12th made a good record as a 
 brave and fighting regiment. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " B." 
 
 Privates. 
 Bremer, LouU, killed at Wheelinst, Va., July 6, '62. 
 Fluterer, John, deserted May — , '(52. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Cohn, William, pro.iioted sergt., then 2J limit. 
 Conrad, Jacob, deserted Mar. 7, '64. 
 Harin:)a, John. 
 
 Lsroy, John, discharged Feb. 21, '65; disability. 
 McCiiUough, John, sergt., must out Miy 29, '66. 
 Pfeiffer, Julius, deserted Mir. 17, '64. 
 Quinstedt, Julius, deserted Mj,r. 17, '61. 
 Storker, John, mustered out May 29, '66. 
 Susemihl, Charles. 
 
 Schreiber, Martin, deserted Mar. 17, '64. 
 Z ick, Wengel, transferred. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " D." 
 Privates. 
 Djoosta, L. C. A., deserted July 4, '62. 
 Stinn, Charle.s, deserted July 4, '62. 
 
 Beeruils. 
 Geaufio, John, deserted Feb. 23, '61. 
 LeTewrj, Jein B., deserted Feb. 23, '61. 
 Menien, Pnilibert, deserted Fe'). 23, '61. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " F." 
 Corporals. 
 Hiram K. Stafford, vet., transferred. 
 Frederic Jurse, mustered out May 29, '66. 
 
 Privateg. 
 Criska, William, vet. 
 Crank, Charles, discharged Nov. 21, '62. 
 Munlz, Peter, vet., mustered out May 29, '66. 
 Moss, Anthony. 
 
 Morgan, Jonathan D., vet., deserted Ap. 24, '64. 
 Koach, David, vet., transferred. 
 
 The following men of the 14th enlisted from St. 
 Clair county : 
 
 FOURTEENTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years' Service). 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " F." 
 Pi-ivates. 
 Kennedy, Patrick, mustered July 31, '65. 
 
 MUSTER BOLL COMPANY " H." 
 Privates. 
 Burckhardt, William, deserted Mar. — , '63. 
 Fargo, Juhn, de.«erted Mar. — , '63. 
 Hoppy, Charles, deserted Mar. — , 63. 
 Kratt, Pleasan.s, deserted Mar. — , '63. 
 Lenlz, Charles, deserted Mar. — , '63. 
 Lorenz, 8amupl, deserted Mar. — , '63. 
 Peck, Daniel, deserted Mar. — , '63. 
 Prye, Jacob, deserted Mar. — , '63. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " K." 
 Sergeant. 
 Francis Reithert, musttred out July 31, '63.. 
 20 
 
 Saddler. 
 Samuel Barron, deserted Mar. 25, '63. 
 
 Privates., 
 Barby, Edward, must, out July 31, '6.5, as corporal. 
 Christy, G-eorge, deserted Mar. 21, '63. 
 "Orbin, Edward, deserted Feb 10, '63. 
 Robinson, George P., dis. July 2, '65, as corporal. 
 Wyman, Arthur, deserted Mar. 28, '63. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " L." 
 Recraits. 
 Brown, Azeo K., mustered out July 31, '65. 
 (iracey, John E., unassigned recruit. 
 
 SIXTEENTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. 
 
 {Three Years Service-) 
 Adjutants. 
 Charles Scliutnan, mustered out, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 
 Quartermasters. 
 William Bohlon, resigned, Oct. 19, 1864. 
 A. S. Tomlinson, mustered out, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 
 MDSTEE ROLL COMPANY ''D." 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Guatav. Bork, mustered out, (as Sergt.), Aug. 19, '65. 
 
 MUSTEK ROLL COMPANY " E." 
 
 Privates. 
 Dechondin, Henry, mustered out, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 Donahue, Barth., must'd out, Aug. ly. '65; wounded. 
 Koester, John U., deserted, Sept. 25, 1863. 
 Loehr, Charles, deserted, April 9, 1864. 
 Trottmann, frank, mustered put, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Naegemann, Arnold, abs't in arrest at M. 0. of Eegt. 
 
 MnSTBR ROLL COMPANY " F." 
 
 Sergecmts. 
 Ernst Vasse, mustered out, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 William Goode, mustered out, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Louis Brown, deserted, Jan. 29, 1863. 
 Henry Rein, deserted, May 17, 1863, 
 t'red'ii. Moritz, must'd out, Aug. 19, '65 ; as IstSergt. 
 Charles Brannfels, discharged, .1 une 29, '65 ; aj Priv t. 
 Nioolaus Zopf, mustered out. May 20, 1865. 
 Fredorick Schoen, died at Quinoy, 111., July 4, 18 .3. 
 Adam Theabald, deserted, May 14, 18b3. 
 
 Farrier. 
 Samuel Dweisle, deserted, Jan. 30, 1863. 
 
 Blacksmith. 
 James Keenan, deserted, Jan. 20, 1863. 
 
 Wagoners. 
 Alex. Bullinger, transf d to V. R. C, April 30, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 Aokerman, Abraham, deserted, April 14, 1803. 
 Albrecht, Daniel, killed in action at Tunnell Hill, Ga,, 
 
 May 12, 1804. 
 Alkerch, Frank, deserted, Jan. 30, 1863. 
 Burger, Rudolph, died, Anders' y1 Prison, Sept. 8, 64. 
 
 Boesch, Charles, mustered out, Aug. 19, 18B-J. 
 
 Benker, John, iu cohhnement at M. 0, of Regt. 
 
 Baumann, Conrad, deserted, April 14, 1863. 
 
 Baner, John, mustered out, June 13, 18U5. 
 
 Dodge, William, deserted, March 1, 1863. 
 
 Enders, Casper, discharged, Oct. 18, 18a4 ; disability. 
 
 Eggers, Charles, transferred to V. R. C. 
 
 Fink, Jacob, mustered out, July 18, 1865. 
 
 Fabriz, Charles, deserted. May 26, 1863. 
 
 Goode, Walter, mustered out, Aug. 19, 186.< ;_as Corp*. 
 
 Grunnert, John, mustered out, Aug. 19, 18Bo, 
 
 Huelsick, John H., mustered but, Aug. 19, 18t)5, 
 
 Hipp, Jacob, mustered out, Aug.' 19 1^65, 
 
 Knocke, Charles, transferred to V, R. C, Oct. 1864. 
 
 King, James, deserted, June, 20, 1863. 
 
 Krameoer, Christian, transferred to V. R. C. 
 
 Kremer, Jacob, died at Marietta, Ga., Aug. 17, l»o4; 
 
 wounds. in iQf- 
 
 Kayser, Gustave, mustered out, Aug. 19, i»ti>. 
 Kober, Robert, must'd out, Aug. 19, 18GJ ; as Corpl. 
 Klein, Martin, deserted, Jan. 3 J, 18U3. 
 Kurts, John, deserted, Jan. 30, 1863. 
 Kern, Daniel, mustered out, Aug. 19, 18b j. 
 Krob, Nicolaus, deserted, May 25, 1863. 
 Kiel, Henry, deserted. Nov. 10, 18B4. 
 
 Litzel, George, deserted, May 5, 18G3. 
 
 MeiiScklanke, .John, transf 'd to V. R. C, June 2, '6'i. 
 
 Naher, Charles, died at Anderi'vl. Prison, June 19, 
 
 1864,- No. of gr.ive2l77. 
 Nolte, William, deserted, Feb. 28, 18B3. 
 Pulaw, Henry, mustered out, Aug. 19, 18t)5. 
 Paul, Jacob, mustered out, Aug. 19, 18iJ5 ; as Corpl. 
 Schilling, August, deserted, Oct. 29, 1863. 
 Seiferling, Frederick, deserted, April 3J, 1864. 
 Schneider, Frederick, deserted, Jan. 30, 18i>-". 
 Schmidt, Geo., died at Camp Butler, 111., Mar. 16, '63 
 Schuller, Valentine, deserted, May 30, 1863. 
 Stone, .lames, deserted, -Ian. 29 1863. 
 Winter, Adam, mustered out, Aug. 19, 1865. 
 Winter, Christian, was prisoner, transf'd by G. C. M., 
 
 to 9th Regt., Mo. Car. 
 
 Rea'uits. 
 Bormann, Firohtegott, deserted, Dec. 29, 1862. 
 Dungstadter, Ludwig, deserted. 
 Weise, John, deserted, Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY " G." 
 Captain. 
 Charles Held, dishonorably dismissed Feb. 19, '65. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bloser, Sebastian, deserted Ap. 2, '64. 
 Biesenbach, John, mustered out Aug. 19, '65. 
 Brown, William, died in Anderson ville prison Sept. 
 
 16, '64; no. of grave, 8962. 
 Bechtold, Fretterick, claimed by 12 Mo. lufty. .\ug. 
 
 17, '63. 
 DeSsenbroch, August, mustered out Aug. 19, '65. 
 Gerber, John, corp'L, deserted June 4, '63. 
 Gerbenger, Jacob, sergt., deserted Sept. 12, '63. 
 Guth, Jacob, mustered out ug. 19, '65, as buglen 
 Hagermann, Frederick, mustered out Aug. 19, '65. 
 Hoffner, Paul, bugler to V. E. C. Jan. 21, '64. 
 Hofifman, George, claimed by 17th Mo. Infty. 
 Henderson, Johu, mustered put May 20, '65. 
 Hutmacher, Jacob, deserted Ap. 2, '64. 
 Jun", Robert, de.serted June 7, '63. 
 lUgenst, Adolph, died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 4, '64. 
 Jacob, Peter, committed suicide on battle field near 
 
 Atlanta, Ga,. July 31, '64. 
 Jelke, George, mustered out Aug. 19, '65. 
 Klilni, Edward, deserted Oct. 12, '63. 
 Klinkel, John, died at Richmond, Va., Mar. 25, '64, 
 
 while prisoner of war. 
 Kupfer, John, desfirted Mar. 27, '64. 
 Ifraus, August Disch, Jan. 17, '65, as eorp'l; dis- 
 abled. 
 Laux, Frank, in confinement at rau.^ter out of reg t. 
 Lyssy, Albert, prisoner of war at muster out June 16 
 
 to date May 30, 6-5; 
 li^uller, Francis; mustered out Aug. 19, '65. 
 Mungeuast, Bernhardt, must, out Aug. 19, '05, as 
 
 corporal. 
 Mucler, Frederick, must, out Aug. 19, 'Go, as quar;er- 
 
 master-sergeant'. 
 Miller, John, discharged Mar. 28, '64; disability. 
 Meyer, Charles, deserted Ap. 19, '64 
 Printz, Charles, mustered out J une 22, '65, 
 Papenhagen, Frederick, prisoner of war at must out 
 
 July 8, to date May 30, '6,5. 
 Bitter, John AVilUatn, mustered out Aug. 19, 6o. 
 Reuner, Ignotz, mu.itered out Aug. 19, '65. 
 Ranch, John, mustered out, Aug. 19, 186-5; as serg t. 
 Ranch, Philip, mastered out. May 15, 18)5. 
 Rogers, George, died in Anderson ville Prison, June 
 
 29,1864; No. of grave 7228 , . 
 
 Schumann, Charles F., promoted sergeant major 
 Sunken, Frederick, sergeant, claimed by 12.ti Mo. 
 Infantry, August 17, 1»63. , m ior;; „. 
 
 Stulbz, John M., mustered out, August 19, I860 ; as 
 
 sergeant. » in njc- 
 
 Strabon, George, mustered out, Augu.st 19, ISb-j. 
 Tomlinson, Almond S., promoted regimental Q. M. 
 
 VettefDuterick, deserted, September 12, 1863. 
 Wilson, Henry, mustered out, August 19, 18bo; as 
 
 corporal. „ 
 
 West John, mustered out, Augu.st 19, 18bo. 
 Wei land, Jacob, mustered out, Aug. 19, O-t; as corp I. 
 Warner, Juliuj-, promoted hospital steward. 
 Zeip, Frank, mustered out, Aug. 19, bo; as saduler. 
 
 MUSTER ROLL, COMPASY " H. " 
 Corporal. 
 .Fosiah Capos, deserted, October 22, 18J3. 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bergman, Henry, died at Andersonville prison, Aug. 
 
 7, 1864. 
 Camp, Charlep, died at Marietta, Ga., Sept. 2, 1864. 
 Heinrich, John, trans, to V. E. C, Kov. 6, 1863. 
 1-eo, Paul, corporal, died at Andersonville prison, 
 
 September 12. 1864 ; No of grave 8524. 
 Koth, Peter, wounded ; died at Jonesville, Va., March 
 
 23, 1864, while prisoner of war. 
 Eenling, Lewis, transferred to V. E. C, Nov. H, '63. 
 
 MUSTER BOLL, COMPANY " I.'' 
 
 JRecruit. 
 Hodges, Elvies, deserted, July 12, 1863. 
 
 MtrSTEE EOLL, COMPANY " L.'' 
 
 Fai-rier. 
 Ralph A. Martin, sergeant, died in Anderson ville 
 prison, June 28, 1864; No of grave 1444. 
 
 Private. 
 Sliea, John, deserted, May 10, 1863. 
 
 8PKINGF1ELD LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
 
 {Three Years' Service.) 
 
 This battery was organized at Camp Butler, 
 Illinois, by Capt. T. F. Vaughn, and mustered 
 into the United States service Aug. 21st, 1862. 
 
 On the first of November, 1 862, it moved 
 to Columbus, Kentucky, and, on the 8th ult., 
 to Bolivar, Ttun. Moved to Jackson Dec. 
 18th, with the command of Brig. Gen. M. 
 Brayman. Was engaged in several expedi- 
 tions from Jackson, during the winter. June 
 6th, 1863, left Bolivar and was situated on 
 'the Memphis and Charleston Railroad — one 
 section at Moscow — , Lieut. Thomas com- 
 manding ; one at Germantown, Lieut. Stillings 
 commanding ; and one at Colliersville, Lieut. 
 Colby commanding. June 20th, the battery was 
 united, and assigned to Second Brigade, First 
 Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, Col. James 
 M. True commanding Brigade, and started 
 for Little Rock, Ark , and participated in its 
 capture, Sept. 10th, 1863. 
 
 Lieut. Colby commanding one section of 
 the battery, was ordered to Lewisburg, where 
 it remained until March 16lh, 1864. 
 
 MISTEB BOLL, COMPANY "m." 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Clark, Charlep, discharged by G. C. M., Nov. 15, '04. 
 
 Lavilli, Maitin, escaped prisoner, discharged, Deo. 
 
 12, 1864, as (orporal ; disability. 
 Pierce. Jame.'^, in confinement at Goliimbug, 0-, for 
 
 defertion. 
 Sullivan, John, died in Andersonville prison, Nov. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Spencer, George H., deserted. May 24, 1863. 
 
 The battery was then assigned to the second 
 brigade, first division, seventh army corps, 
 with General Steele's expedition to Cam- 
 den, Ark., participating in the several skir- 
 mishes of the campaign, and the battles of 
 Prairie D'Ann, and at Jenkins' Ferry, where 
 the batttry, being with the rear-guard at mid- 
 night, repelled a cavalry charge with grape 
 and canister. 
 
 May 3, 1864, returned to Little Rock, and 
 remained until ordered to Springfield, 111. 
 Was mustered out June 30, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Charles W. Thomas, resigned Sept 17, '64. 
 
 Privates. 
 Barisse, Nicola, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Blunt, Joseph, deserted Oct. 22, '62. 
 Case, Clinton M., mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Daumler, Ltonhard, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Duppe, Jacob, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Fischer, John, died at Little Eock, Arkansas, April 
 
 17, '64. 
 Gibson, William, mustered out May 29, '65. 
 Gott, Charles, discharged March 5, '65 ; disability. 
 Green, Elijah, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Hapke, August, discharged March '/2, '65; disability. 
 Harris, John. 
 Harvey, Isaac, drowned in Aikansas river at Little 
 
 Eock, Ark , March 12, '63. 
 Klekener, John, mustered out June 30, '6-5. 
 Neidiger, Adolph, musl'd out June 30, '66 as Corp'l. 
 Etyhn, Martin, desened Nov. 1, '62. 
 Eliodes, John, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Schrade, John, mustered out June 30, '05, as Corp'l. 
 Sehupbach, John, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Smith, Benjamin, musleicd out June 30. '65. 
 Sidebottom, Henry, muftered out June 30, '65. 
 SpSne, Dominic, mustered out June 30, '65 as Bugler. 
 Tschuschte, Ernst, mustered out June 30, '65. 
 Vernon, George, deserted Oct. 22, '62. 
 Wilson, John, deserted Nov. 1, '62. 
 
 Recruits. 
 Gelwich, Thomas E., mustered out June 30, '05. 
 Heimenschneider, John, mustered out June 3U, '65. 
 
 SECOND ILLINOIS LIGHT AETILLEBY. 
 
 {Three Years' Service.) 
 
 MUSTER ROLL BATTERY " C." 
 
 Corporah. 
 John B. Stockton, deserted, June 12, 1862. 
 
 Privates. 
 Maloney, James, mustered out, Oct. 22, 18C4. 
 Orr, Wm., disch'd for prom'fn in V. E. C, Aug. 3, '63. 
 Smith, David, died at I'ort Donelson, Sept. 23, ]8t4. 
 
 COMPANY " E " 
 
 Battery " E." Second Illinois Light Aitilleiy, was 
 organized at St, Louis, Mo., in Aug. 1E61, by Capt. 
 Adolp. Schwartz, and was mustered into service Aug. 
 20th, at St. Louis Arsenal. 
 
 Lieut. Hanger commanding one section of the bat- 
 tery moved, Sept. 6, to North Missouri, and had an 
 engagement with the enemy at Liberty, Sept. 17th, 
 and relumed to Cairo, 111,, Dec. 29, 1861. With 
 Lieut. Gumbart commanding, the battel y moved to 
 Cairo, Sept. 14th ; to Fort HoU and Jefferson, Ken- 
 tucky, and returned to Cairo. Nov. 1st, Lieut. Gum,! 
 bart's section went on an expedition to Bloomficld, 
 Mo., and Jan. 9, 1802, to Columbus, Kentucky, and 
 returned. Moved under Lieut. Gumbart, Feb. 1st, 
 1862, to Fort Henry, and, on 13th, arrived before 
 Fort Donalson. On the 14th, held position on the 
 right with Col. Oglesby's Brigade. Lieut. Gumbart, 
 was severely wounded on the morning of the 16th ult., 
 and Lieut. Nispel took command. The enemy's charge 
 was three times repulsed. The battery was engaged 
 in the battle of Sbiloh, April 6th and 7th, taking six 
 different positions. Participated in the siege of Corinth, 
 and, in June, marched to Purdy, Bethel and Jackson, 
 Tenn. July 28th, Lieut. Deugel's section marched 
 from Bolivar, with Col. Lawler's Brigade, and had an 
 engagement at Britton's Lane, on Sept. 1st, in which 
 the section was captured, together with Lieut. Deugel 
 and ten men. 
 
 Nov. 3d, 1862, the remaining section. First Sergeant 
 Martin Mann commanding, was attached to Fourth 
 Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, Brigadier-Generiil 
 Lauman commanding, and went on the Yocona expedi- 
 tion. On 24th December, marched to Moscow, Tenn., 
 
 arrived January 12, 1863. Battery "E." was con- 
 solidated with Battery " A." 
 
 MUSTER ROLL BATTERY " E." 
 
 Second LieuteiMnt. 
 Joseph Hanger, died. 
 
 Corporal. 
 Charles St. Clair. 
 
 Privates. 
 Dagne, Adam, discharged, Aug. 26, 1862 ; disability. 
 Engelhover, John, 
 
 Fischer, George, mustered out, Sept. 29, 1864. 
 Fluch, John, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Frick, Peter, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Herpin, Henry, mustered out, Sept. 29, 1864. 
 Heyshon, Henry, died at Cairo, 111., Feb. 2, 1862. 
 Holden, Marony. 
 
 Kloer, Nicholas, discharged, Sept. 13, 1861 ; disability. 
 Kempp, Frederick, killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, '62. 
 Martin, Franz, killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 18t2. 
 Moger, Charles, mustered out, Sept. 29, 1864. 
 Ott, Valentine, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Pister, John, mustered out, Sept. 29, 1864. 
 Kaffel, John or Jacob, mus'd out, Sept. 29, '64, as Corpl. 
 Keeb, Conrad, vet, mustered out, July 27, 1805. 
 Keimboldt, George, discharged. Mar. 5, 1802 ; disa'ty. 
 Keimboldt, Math., discharged. Mar. 5, 1862; disa'ty. 
 Renter, George, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1806. 
 Eooney, Mike, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Bust, Christian, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1866. 
 Seig, John, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Zink, Andrew, vet., mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 
 Veterans. 
 Nagel, William, mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Purcell, John, mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Sommer, John, mustered out, July 27, 186f>. 
 Schroer, Mike, mustered out, July 27, 1865. 
 Schlueter, William, mustered out, July 27, 1866. 
 '\'^ogt, Anton, mustered out, July 27, 1805. 
 
 FIEST AEMY COEPS. 
 
 ENLISTED MEN OP COMPANY NO. 1. 
 
 Assigned to Compaiiy "A" 2d Segt. U. S- Vet. Vols. 
 Beckham, Joseph M., must'd out Jan. 31,'66 as Corp'l. 
 Deer, John, musteied out Jan. 31, '60. . 
 Dougherty, Joseph, mustend out Jan. 31, '66. 
 Fleigge, Henry, mustered out Jan. 31, '66 
 Hofi'har, Frederick, mustered out Feb. 4, '06. 
 Kebo, or Yebo, John C, must'd out Jan. 31, '66. 
 Kreuter, William mustered out Jan. 31, '66. 
 Koch, Lewis, mustered out Jan. 31, '06. 
 Leveth, Charles, mustered out Jan. 31, '66. 
 McCowan, Charles, mustered out Jan. 31, '06. 
 Parker, Henry, or H. H., must'd out Jan. 31, '66. 
 Pister, John, mustered out Jan. 31. '06. 
 Thies, Mathia«, mustered out Jan. 31, '66. 
 WeitI, Joseph, mustered out Jan. 31, '06. 
 Weise, Anthon, mustered out Jan. 31, '60. 
 
 ENLISTED MEN OF COMPANY NO. 6. 
 
 Spitz, "Valentine. 
 Blenel, Albert. 
 Mandall, Lawrence. 
 Eankin, George. 
 Meyer, Nicholas. 
 Augustine, John. 
 Enpesson, Herman. 
 HafTner, Lewis. 
 Hoffing, John. 
 Seims. Henry. 
 Horling, Christ. 
 Mills, John W. 
 
 ENLISTED MEN OF COMPANY NO. 7. 
 
 Assigned to Co "M," 5lh Begt. U. S. VitVols. 
 Schoenly, Jacob. 
 Hansen, William. 
 BoRte, John. 
 Miller, Daniel. 
 
 ENLISTED MEN OF COMPANY NO. 8. 
 
 Assigned to Co "A," 6th Regt. U. S. Vet. Vob. 
 Marsch, Adam, mustered out March 15, '66. 
 Hunziker, John, mastered out March 26. '66. 
 Sernan, John, mustered out March 12, '66. 
 Pickering, Alfred W., mustered out Marcli 26, '66. 
 Schafer, Frederick, nuistered out March 26, '66. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 155 
 
 CHA PTER XV. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CHUKCH. 
 
 BY REV. L. HINSSEN. 
 
 CARCELY had Columbus steered aeross the 
 Atlantic, and revealed the wes^tern continent 
 to awakened Europe, when the desire of wealth 
 opened at once the floodgates of emigration to 
 the New World. One expedition followed the 
 other in close succession, and — thanks to the 
 religious spirit of the times — every expedition 
 ''^^^ had some Catholic missionaries to advance the 
 
 cause of Christianity in all parts of the new continent. There is 
 hardly a district in New Mexico, Florida, Texas, California, Louisi- 
 ana and elsewhere, which is not inscribed in the annals of Catholic 
 Missions, as the theatre of zeal, and often of the martyrdom of her 
 apostles. Our own state of Illinois does not make an exception. 
 The progress of the ancient faith in Illinois forms an interesting 
 and highly suggestive chapter in the history of the state. Indeed , 
 whatever we know of the early history of the state, of the original 
 inhabitants, their manners and customs, their strifes and war;!, their 
 final civilization, or their total disappearance from the stage of 
 American history, is most intimately connected with the labors of 
 those Catholic missionaries, who almost 200 years ago first came 
 among them to win them from idolatry, and gain them to Christ. 
 And in this great drama of the religious history of our state, the 
 county of St. Clair forms, for a long time, one of the main centres 
 from whence the first pioneers of religion and civilization com- 
 menced their operations toward the conversion of the Indians, and 
 the surrounding country. 
 
 When the first Catholic missionaries made their appearance in the 
 state of Illinois, by the middle of the seventeenth century, it was 
 occupied by two kindred nations, each composed of several clans. 
 These were the Illinois and Miamis — the former made up of the 
 Cahokias, Kaskaskias, Peorias, Tamarois, Moingwenas. They 
 all were very powerful nations. The Illinois lay on both sides of 
 the Mississippi, whilst the Miamis lay around the southern shore of 
 lake Michigan. All were in a state of barbarism. They recognized 
 one Supreme Being, had a faint idea of the fall of man, of the Re- 
 deemer, of the spiritual world above us. Devil-worship prevailed. 
 In private life polygamy existed ; woman was a slave of the hus- 
 band. The country itself presented a thousand obstacles to the 
 missionary. The priest had to struggle with the superstition and 
 vice of the Pagan Indian everywhere. The fickle savage was easily 
 led astray ; the least cause would often induce him to throw away in 
 one moment what the labor of months and years of the priest had 
 been able to build up. Indeed nothing but religion could inspire 
 men to labor in such a field, with so little honor before the world, 
 and still less prospect of earthly reward. " These brave soldiers of 
 the cross,'' says Bancroft, '" faced death, and difficulties in every 
 shape, but they never receded one foot. As in a brave army new 
 troops press forward to fill the places of the fallen, there was never 
 wanting heroism and enterprise in behalf of the Cross under French 
 dominion." 
 
 Whenever the Jesuits undertook the conversion of a nation, 
 their first care was to establish themselves in one settlement, erect- 
 ing chapels and schools, and a residence for themselves. These 
 settlements by and by became the centres whence missionary opera- 
 tions radiated over the country. As the Jesuit Charaplain made 
 Quebec such a missionary centre of the north, whence missionary 
 
 , operations radiated along the valley of the St. Lawrence and the 
 great lakes of the Mississippi valley, so had the pioneers of Catho- 
 licity in our part of the country their centres in Kaskaskia, Caho- 
 kia, Prairie du Pont, and St. Louis. All these places play a 
 prominent part in the early history of the Catholic Church in the 
 West. From these centres the missionaries commenced their labors, 
 preaching the gospel to the Indians and the French settlers — by 
 and by penetrating more into the interior of the state to preach and 
 administer the consolations of religion. Next to the grace of God, 
 it is to the incessant labors and zeal of the Jesuits, the priests of the 
 foreign missions of Quebec, of St. Louis, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, 
 that many Catholic congregations in St. Clair, Randolph and Mon- 
 roe counties, owe their first establishment, and preservation of the 
 Catholic faith. This is the reason, why, even in a sketch like this 
 of St. Clair county, we cannot avoid speaking of each one of them 
 at some length. 
 
 Besides these first missionary centres, the county of St. Clair 
 embraces the following Catholic congregations:— Cahokia, Belle- 
 ville, French Village, Lebanon, New Athens, Freeburg, Fayetteville, 
 Millstadt, Georgetown, O'Fallon, East St. Louis with two congre- 
 gations, St. Patrick's and St. Mary's, Centreville Station, Mascoutah, 
 Paderborn, St. Libory. Of each one of them we would like to 
 give at least the outlines of their history, but we are sorry to say 
 that we have not been able to get the necessary material for writing 
 up a histt)ry from the most of them, for the simple reason, there is 
 none We have to limit, therefore, our historical sketch to the fol- 
 lowing Congregations : 
 
 CAHOKIA. 
 
 We now have to turn to the oldest Catholic congregation in the 
 West, viz., Cahokia. The missionaries there were not of the same 
 order as those who were working in Kaskaskia, Tamaroa and Pe- 
 oria, who were members of the Society of Jesus. Those men whose 
 lives we. have to record here, belonged to another religious order, 
 which not very long before had been established in Quebec, Canada, 
 by its first bishop, Laval. The saintly bishop, before coming to 
 Canada, had received his theological education at the Seminary of 
 the Foreign Missions, at Paris, and as soon as he was raised to the 
 episcopacy he determined to found a similar seminary in Quebec 
 for the conversion of the Indians. To the members of this seminary 
 the Catholic church of America is indebted for some of her most 
 learned, pious, and zealous missionaries. As early as 1699 the first 
 fruits of this institution — Fathers Francis Montigny and Antoinne 
 Davion — proceeded to the Mississippi. Reaching Bilox in July, 
 the same year, they proceeded to the Mission of Father Pinet, who 
 had died in the Tamaroa Mission. It was confided to their care. 
 The first of their clergymen sent from the seminary to Cahokia was 
 Father John Bergier, a man of true merit and a most austere life. 
 He arrived in the summer of 1694 in the Illinois country, but very 
 soon after his arrival got into difficulties with the medicine men, and 
 died. His successor was Father Dominic Mary Varlet, a doctor of 
 the Sorbonne. He arrived probably in 1712. For nearly six years 
 he was a zealous and laborious missionary among the Illinois. At 
 the same time with him a Father Philip Boucher labored among 
 them. He was stationed at the Fort St. Louis, at which he died in 
 the year 1719. 
 
 Of the other missions, till 1721 nothing is recorded. All we 
 know, is, that not even then the whole Illinois nation was converted 
 yet. But in Cahokia and elsewhere the Christians formed the 61ite 
 of the nation, and were highly esteemed by the French settlers for 
 their piety and purity of morals. Thus it came that the French 
 settlers so frequently chose wives from the Indian villages, that we 
 must consider the present French families of Illinois, to a great 
 
156 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 extent, as the descendants of the Illinois Indians. As to cuttoms 
 and manners prevailing in the Christian Indian villages in Illinois, 
 Father Marest writes : " Early in the morning we assemble the 
 catechumens in church, where they say prayers, receive instruction, 
 and sing some hymns ; then the cateCiiuinens retire, and Mass is 
 said for the Christians, who sit, as in all Indian churches, the two 
 sexes on different sides ; then follow morning prayers and an in- 
 struction, after which they disperse to their several av( cations. The 
 missionary's day is taken up by visits to the sick, comforting, con- 
 soling, instructing all. The afternoon is set apart for those regular 
 catechetical instructions by which the truths of religion are repeat- 
 ed and inculcated, till they become a part of their thought, a tra- 
 dition of the tribe. At sunset the chapel is filled again by the 
 village— assembled for evening prayer and a responsive chiint. 
 They close the day as piously as it began. Sundays and holidays 
 witness still greater devotion, and each Saturday the confessional is 
 thronged by frequent penitents." 
 
 In the year 1721 — when Father Charlevoix visited the Cahokia 
 Mission — it was composed of two tribes, who formed one large 
 town. The two priests there were then Father Domenic Thaumure 
 de la Source — the other L. Mercier. He was pastor of Cahokia in 
 the year 1739. He was a Sulpitian Priest. In the year 1740, 
 FathirLawrant, 1754, Forget, 1784 Bernard, 1787, P. Devrins, 
 1790, Gibault, 1792, Ledu, 1793, Lavadoux, V. G., 1797, Lusson, 
 1799, Olivier, 1805, Donatian Oliver, 1807, J. B. Didier, 1810, M. 
 Jos. Durand, 1810, Urbain Gillet, 1812, Savine, 1826; Dom. Lam- 
 bier, 1827, J. A. Lutz, 1828, Saussoir, attended the Cahokia 
 Mission. About this year it numbered 160 families, about 800 souls. 
 
 A short time after Father Mercier, things changed. When Lou- 
 isiana was formed a colony, Illinois became subject to its govt-rn- 
 ment. About this time the Jesuits established themselves at the 
 mouth of the Mississippi, and their superior at New Orleans had 
 the superintendence of the Illinois Mission. From this time on, 
 therefore, the missionaries for the Illinois came from New Orleans, 
 by way of the Mississippi. Thus in 1725 we find Fathers deBeau- 
 bois and Deville ascending the river to the Illinois Mission. They 
 were followed in 1727 by Fathers Dumas, Tartarin, aud Doutreleau. 
 The Superior of the Jesuits of the Illinois Mission was Father 
 Boularger. He had the superintendence of all missions except Ca- 
 hokia, where the priests of the Seminary of Foreign Missions at 
 Quebec continued as pastors of the French, and converted Indians. 
 In 1757 Choisaul, Minister of France, surrendered the possessions 
 of France in North America to England and Spain. The Jesuits, 
 of whom he was a bitter enemy, were driven from their colleges, 
 the centre of the missions, in New Orleans, was suppressed in 1762, 
 and all further reinforcements were cut off from the Illinois Mis- 
 sion. Part of the Jesuit property in Illinois had been sold by the 
 French government, and- the means of the missionaries so reducid, 
 that they were scarcely able to support themselves. 
 
 Father Peter Potier, the last Jesuit in the west, frequently visited 
 the Illinois mission down to his death, which happened in 1781, at 
 Detroit. Then the few remaining Indians came under the care of 
 otljer clergymen. Cahokia and .the other Indian and French set- 
 tlements in Illinois, were for a long time under the administration 
 of the Bishop of Quebec. The succession of priests who attended 
 these missions, especially in Cahokia, seems never to have been in- 
 terrupted for any considerable time, as the above given list of pas- 
 tors iu Cahokia shows. Besides Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher had a 
 resident pastor, who occasionally resided also iu Kaskaskia. From 
 the year 1770 to 1790, these places were under administration of 
 Rev. M. Gibault, «ho was Vicar'General of the Bishop of Quebec 
 for the Illinois mission ; he resided in Cahokia. In the year 1790, 
 
 Rev, de la Valiniere occupied that position ; and in the year 1793, 
 Rev. Levadout, wh'i for some time also resided at Cahokia. After 
 the appointment of the first American bishops at Baltimore, the 
 Rev. Gabriel Richard and Rev. John Janin were the missionaries 
 of this region ; and in 1799 the Very Rev. Donatius Oliver, as 
 Vicar General of Bishop Carroll, took charge, and continued to 
 do so till 1827. In 1833 the Episcopal See of Detroit was estab- 
 lished, and embraced within its vast jurisdiction the whole of Illi- 
 nois. Shortly afterwards the see of Vincennes, Indiana, was erected, 
 and this diocese embraced the north-eastern part of Illinois, and 
 continued to do so until the creation of the see of Chicago. The 
 first Bishop of Chicago was the Right Rev. William Quarter, con- 
 secrated March 10th, 1844. He died on the 10th of April, 1848. 
 His successor was the Right Reverend James Oliver Van de Velde. 
 He was consecrated February 11th, 1849. At his first visitation of 
 the diocese, July 25th, 1849, he visited Prairie du Rocher, Goho- 
 ki», Belleville, Kaskaskia and other places in St. Clair county. 
 
 The first National Council at Baltimore, May 9th, 1852, created 
 a new see al Quincy for the southern portion of Illinois ; but on the 
 refusal of the Very Rev. Melchers, the Vicar General of St. 
 Louis, and afterwards Bishop of Green Bay, to accept the new see 
 of Quincy, and the appointment of Bishop Van de Velde to the see 
 of Natchez, the diocese of Quincy remained under the administra- 
 tion of Bishop Van de Velde. In the year 1857 the see of Qnincy, 
 Illinois, was tranferred to Alton, which latter see embraced not 
 only the south-eastern portion of Illinois which constituted the late 
 see of Quincy, but also the counties of Adams, Brown, Cass, Menard, 
 Sangamon, Moultrie, Coles and Edwards, in the State of Illinois. 
 The first Bishop of the See of Altt.n was the Right Rev. Henry 
 Damian Juncker ; he was consecrated April 26th, 1857, in Cincin- 
 nati, by Archbishop Purcell. In the first year after his consecra- 
 tion he went to Europe, to provide for the wants of his diocese, in 
 which there were only eighteen priests. He succeeded beyond all 
 expectation- Bishop Juncker died, after a long and severe illness, 
 at his residence iu Alton, on the Feast of the Guardian Angels, 
 October 2d, 1868. The proudest eulogy on Bishop Juncker and 
 his work is the fact, that at the time of his death, the number of 
 priests was increased from eighteen to one hundred ; the churches 
 from twenty-three to one hundred and twenty-three ; the parochial 
 schools were fifty-six ; two colleges for boys, six academies for girls, 
 two hospitals and an orphan asylum. He made the diocese of Al- 
 ton one of the most flourishing dioceses of tne United States, be- 
 cause he was an apostle and father for all and the blessing of God 
 was with him. His successor in the See of Alton is the Right Rev- 
 Peter Joseph Baltes. 
 
 Before the creation of the Episcopal See of Chicago, and after- 
 wards, the priests from St. Louis would Ircquenily cross the river 
 to administer the consolations of religion to their brethren in the 
 faith in Illinois especially in St. Clair county. The last priest 
 from Quebec, residing in Cahokia as pastor, was the above-named 
 Father Savine, who left Cahokia about the year 1823. His succes- 
 sor was the Rev. Father Lambier and'then Father Lutz, who re- 
 mained but a very short time. After his departure, Father Saus- 
 soir, and very soon afterward Father Dontreligne a member of tl e 
 Lazarist Fathers, from the Barren? in Missouri, took charge of the 
 congregation. His successor was Father Loisel. After his death 
 Father Dontreligne returned to Cahokia From there he under- 
 took, although advanced in years, the creation of a new church in 
 Ceutreville Station, about six miles from Belleville. After having 
 completed the church, aud a small residence for himself, he moved 
 from Cahokia to Centreville Station, where he spent his time in 
 prayer and meditation until 1873, when he returned to the House 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 157 
 
 of tbe Lazarists in Missouri, where he died the same year. His 
 successor as pastor of Cohokia was Father Landry from Canada, 
 and part of the time Father Jacque, who died in the year 1878 
 in Centreville Station. His successor as pastor of Cahokia and 
 Centreville Station was the Kev. Father Kemper, who still resides 
 as pastor in Centreville Station. 
 
 One of the most prominent priests of Cahokia, who from Prairie 
 du Rocher now and then would come to Cahokia to hold divine 
 service, was Father Oliver— he was a native of Italy. For many 
 
 years be labored with great zeal in Prairie du Rocher, Kaskaskia 
 and Cahokia among the Creoles and English settlers. He acquired 
 a great reputation for his sanctity and holiness. Long after his 
 death, which took place about 1827, the author of this sketch 
 happened to come to the former scene of his labors in the cause of 
 religion. Even then his name was kept in veneration by all. 
 Some of the oldest settlers mentioned many extraordinary things 
 about that saintly man, which, if true, certainly could only happen 
 in the life of a saint. 
 
 ST. Peter's church, bellzville. 
 
 SECOND ST. PETER'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 
 OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 BY DR. JUL. KOHL.* 
 
 The compilation of the history of a congregation, like that of St. 
 • Note — The author of this sketch has taken his facts arid dates from a 
 
 Peter's of Belleville, presents more difficulties than would appear 
 at first glance. Material is scant, has to be collected from different 
 sources, the most of it being traditional, and comprises a period of 
 more than fifty years. The first missionary priests were generally 
 manufcript of atout 200 pages, entitled "History of St. Peter's congregation"^ 
 written by Eev. L. Hinssen, the present Rector. 
 
158 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 content to labor, and leave the record of their deeds to God alone. 
 The material of this historical sketch is collected to a great extent 
 from the narratives of the old pioneers, and may of necessity, now 
 and then, be a little at variance with real facts, as regards dates, etc. 
 
 The hist jry of the establishment and development of St Peter's 
 congregation to its present large proportion differs but little from 
 that of every other congregation of the West. A few settlers form 
 the nucleus, so in Belleville. Among the first of Catholics we find 
 Mr. Etienne Pensoneau. When, in the year 1814, the County seat 
 of iSt. Clair was removed from Cahokiato Belleville, Mr. Pensoneau 
 obtained the contract for the building of the new Court house. It 
 appears that Mr. Pensoneau owned the greater part of the land in 
 and around Belleville, which in the year 1825 he sold to Governor 
 N. Edwards. It is more than probable, that now and then divine 
 service was held in his house by priests from Cahokia, at which 
 place a flourishing congregation had been in existence for about 
 200 years. The congregation of Cahokia consisted mostly of 
 French, and some few German and English Catlvolics. About the 
 year 1830 other Catholic families removed from Cahokia to Belle- 
 ville. Prominent among them were were the names of Hay, 
 Snyder, Chandler, La Croix. A son of Mr. Hay is our worthy 
 Ex-Congressman, Hon. J. B. Hay. A son of Mr. Snyder is our 
 beloved fellow-citizen, Hon. Wm. H. Snyder, Judge of the Circuit 
 Court, while Mrs. Chandler and Mr. R La Croix. Mrs. Mary 
 Mueller, formerly Miss Demette, and others are all enjoying the 
 love and esteem of the citizens of Belleville. In the houses of most 
 of the above mentioned divine service was held by priests from 
 Cahokia, Kaskaskia and St. Louis. Only two German Catholic 
 families were living near Belleville at that time. But in the year 
 1830 Germans began to settle in and around Belleville. We find 
 the names of Hyacinth Minie, Anthony Joffray, Peter Mersinger, 
 G. J. Adam, Peter Fegan, John Kern. Two years later L. Boul, 
 L. Germain, N. Robo, N. Stauder, J. Priegler, Karlskind, Pfeiffer, 
 Perrin, Lutz, Prospor Pournor, with his two sons, Jacob and 
 Leverin. They came from Alsace and Lorrain. Mr. N. Robo is 
 the only survivor of the first comers. He is the old member of St. 
 Peter's congregation, and now 85 years old. After the year 1832 
 immigration assumed larger proportions. Numerous Catholic 
 arrived. We find the following names : Joseph Meyer, N. Meyer, 
 still one of the most prominent members of the congregation. 
 Probably no one has done so much for the church as he. 
 Froehlich, Mueller, Louis, Wisrock (now in Texas), Huber, 
 Wagner, Gundlach, Steinwasser, Bosch, Sholz, Dahm, Kissel, 
 Stauder, and others. By this time the number of Catholics was 
 enough to form a congregation, but they had not the means to build 
 a church. Mass was said in the different houses, sometimes in the 
 Court-house. To comply with their Easter duties, they went to 
 St. Louis to the Cathedral Church, or to St. Thomas Church, in 
 the vicinity of Centrevillc. In the latter part of the year 1839, a 
 priest from Cahokia visited Belleville with more regularity. For 
 some time it was Father Loisel, a Frenchman. Afterward Father 
 Dontreligne, a member of the Lazarists of St Louis and Cape 
 Girardeau. Mention of him will be made elsewhere. 
 
 The first German priest who visited Belleville was Father Meyer. 
 He came from Prairie du Long. Basides Belleville, Father Meyer 
 vi.-iited Shiloh and O'Fallon. Near Shiloh there was a little log 
 church called the Stauder church. Whenever Mr. Stauder was 
 advised of the arrival of a priest he would call the settlers together. 
 After mass Mr. Stauder would also provide for the bodily needs of 
 those that came from a distance. The bell used at that chapel is 
 hanging at present on the north side of St. Agnes Orphan Asylum, 
 Belleville. It is the only relic of those bygone days. 
 
 In the year 1842 the Catholics of Belleville received their first 
 pastor in the person of Rev. Father Kuenster. His name appears 
 on the baptismal record, first on November 20, 1842, and last, on 
 September 24, 1845. Father Kuenster labored hard to establish a 
 congregation and with success. He held divine service in the 
 houses of Messrs. Joseph Meyer and N. Meyer, the latter still an 
 active and highly meritorious member of St. Peter's congregation. 
 But seeing the congregation steadily increasing he decided to build 
 a church. His decision was hailed by all with joy. Two acres of 
 land were bought of Mr. Joseph Meyer, for the sum of two hun- 
 dred dollars. They were situated on what was then just on the line 
 of the city limits where now St. Peter's Church and the Institute of 
 the Immaculate Conception stand. In the spring of 1843 the 
 corner stone was laid by the Right Reverend Peter Richard Ken- 
 rick, at present Archbishop of St. Louis. The dimensions of the 
 proposed building were sixty feet by forty. Mr. Nicholas Meyer 
 received the contract for the brickwork for the sum of one hundred 
 and eighty dollars, the lowest bid. The building progressed slowly 
 for the want of means. People were poor, as may be inferred from 
 the fact that only thirteen members of the congregation declared 
 themselves able to contribute money, the rest paid their subscrip- 
 tion in labor. It took more than a year before they could get the 
 church under roof, and for a long time afterwards it was neither 
 plastered nor floored, so that the faithful coming to mass on 
 Sunday, had to kneel on the bare ground. Father Kuenster was 
 discouraged. Other troubles began to surround him. Because he 
 had refused to admit a bad Catholic to stand for godmother at the 
 baptism of an infant, a mob from Centerville waylaid him at a 
 place where now West Belleville is built. They carried him off to 
 Centerville and from there about three miles farther to an oil log- 
 house, where they kept him 22 hours without water and food. For 
 some time it was not known among the Catholics of Belleville 
 where Father Kuenster was, until a messenger brought the news, 
 whereupon several men of Belleville started out to release him. 
 The families of those who took part in that fiendish act against the 
 priest have all disappeared, their fate has been poverty and dis- 
 honor. But under such circumstances it became desirable for 
 Father Kuenster to be removed from Belleville. His superior 
 therefore transferred him to Teutopolis, Effingham Co. Ills., but 
 soon afterwards he went to Quiucy, where he died. Whilst he was 
 in Belleville he visited regularly the settlements in St. Libory, 
 Germantown, Clinton County; Red Bud, Randolph Co., and 
 Edwardsville, Madison Co., 1845 to 1855. The successor of 
 Father Kuenster as pastor at Belleville was the Rev. Father G. 
 H Ostlangenberg. He was a native of Alsace Lorrain He must 
 have arrived about the middle of September, 1845, for we find his 
 name in the Baptismal Record of the congregational on the 28th 
 of September, 1845. Father Ostlangenbeig was a man of great 
 piety, zeal for the honor of God, and of great kindness of heart. 
 Add to this, that he spoke French, German, and English fluently. 
 
 No wondtr that he laboured with great success in the 
 numerous congregations of Freich, German and English 
 catholics. His first task was to complete the new church, which 
 his predecessor had begun, and to clear it from debt. This done, 
 his next undertaking was to establish a catholic school, to protect 
 the children of his congregation against a godless education. 
 In the fall of 1849, he took a trip to Europe, to see his old home. 
 During his absence the congregation built him a residence. Whilst 
 pastor at Belleville, he attended regularly the Catholic settlements 
 in Mascoutah, Prairie du Long, Freeburg and Centerville. 
 Father Ostlangenberg, though beloved by the congregation re- 
 mained poor. He often had to beg for the most necessary things 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 159 
 
 even food, and for the first two years he had not even a bed to 
 sleep on. However, he persevered, trusting to God and better 
 times. The congregation increased rapidly by immigration and 
 converts. Twice during his administration the sacrament of con- 
 firmation was administered. The first time by Bishop Quarter, 
 from Chicago; the other time by his successor. Bishop Van de 
 Velde. Although Father Ostlangenberg was a man of great piety 
 and kindness of heart, nevertheless he had his enemies. They caused 
 him a great deal of trouble and grief; broken in heart he left Belle- 
 ville. But whilst his enemies have disappeared altogether, reduced 
 to poverty and oblivion, the name of Father Ostlangenberg is kept 
 in veneration by all. At present he is stationed in Augusta, Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 The successor of Rev. Ostlangenberg was Rev. Father P. J. 
 Baltes, of St. Paul's Church in Waterloo, Monroe county, Illinois, 
 at present bishop of the diocese of Alton. The Right Rev. P. J. 
 Baltes was born in Germany ; at the age of seven he came to this 
 country with his parents, who settled at Oswego, New York. He 
 finished his ecclesiastical studies at Montreal, in the Sulpitian Sem- 
 inary, and was ordained priist in the year 1853. With a firm baud 
 he took hold of everything to further the progress of his congrega- 
 tion. He took great pains to conduct divine service in a worthy 
 nianntr, and had the church ornamented by nice fresco-paintings. 
 During the first year of his administration a large new bell was 
 purchased. On the occasion of the blessing, it was carried through 
 the streets of Belleville in a large procession, November 26, 1856 ; 
 the Rev. Father Siegrist, of St. Louis, delivered the sermon. In 
 the year 1857, he took up a collection for the building of a convent 
 for sisters, for the education of the girls of the congregation. Else- 
 where will be found a description of his success in this undertaking. 
 In the year 1863, every one could see that the church which had 
 been built by Father Kueuster twenty years ago, was inadequate 
 for the accommodation of the constantly increasing congregation. 
 Permission to build a new church was readily granted by his grace 
 the Rt. Rev. Bishop D. Juncker, of Alton, Illinois, and on June the 
 2Hth, 1863, the corner-stone was laid by the same in the presence of 
 the whole congregation, and numerous priests of the diocese of 
 Alton and St. Louis. The building of the new church progressed 
 rapidly under the direction of Mr. Brady, from St. Louis, the 
 architect. Catholics and protestants alike looked forward with 
 eagernf ss to its completion, when misfortune overtook the work on 
 December 6, 1865. On that day one of the large pillars, which had 
 unfortunately been constructed of brick gave way, and the beautiful 
 edifice, the pride of the city of Belleville, the work of years, fell to- 
 gether a heap of ruins. Consternation betook all, but not the one 
 who had undertaken and conducted the whole work ; Father Baltes 
 stood like a man. Trusting in God and his good parishoners, he 
 began the work anew, and in less than one year the church rose out 
 of it ruins better and finer than before. About the 1st of October, 
 1866, the building was completed with the exception of the towers. 
 In November, 1866, priests and people had the pleasure to see the 
 magnificent temple dedicated to the worship of God in the presence 
 of Rt. Rev- P. R Kenrick, archbishop of St. Louis ; Bishop Luers, 
 of Fort Wayne, and Rt. Rev. Bishop D. Juncker, of Alton, and 
 numerous priests and people. The cost of erection amounted to 
 $87,000. Mr. Nic. Meyer made the brickwork ; Mr. U. Becker the 
 masonry ; Mr. Rufus Melcher the carpenter work ; Mr. Stoppel- 
 kamp the furniture, and Mr. Gratian of Alton, the organ, which 
 alone cost $4,200. The church is built in Gothic style, has one 
 large and one small -steeple, the larger one being 213 feet high. 
 The inside is divided in three naves, and a spacious sanctuary. The 
 dimensions are as follows : depth of church 1 98 feet, width 70 feet. 
 
 height 65 feet. The high altar built in Gothic style by Mr. Stop- 
 pelkamp of St. Louis, was put up in the spring of the year 1870, 
 and in the month of May the same year, was consecrated by the Rt. 
 Rev. Bishop P. J. Baltes. There are four life-size statues on the 
 altar, St. Jerome, St. Ignatius, St. Charles Borromeo and St. 
 Francis of Sales. They were made by Mr. Schneiderhahn of St. 
 Louis, and are masterpieces of art. Mr. Schneiderhahn three years 
 afterwards built also the altar of the Blessed Virgin and the 
 statues thereon Finer pieces of art can hardly be found anywhere. 
 The altar is built like everything connected with St. Peter's church 
 in Gothic style, richly ornamented. The statute of the Blessed 
 Virgin with the infant fc^aviour graces the centre niche, while ihe 
 two side niches are adorned with the statues of the youthful saints 
 St. Aloysius and Rosa of Lima. Near the main entrance of the 
 church on the gospel side, there is the Baptismal font and a statue 
 of the mother of Dolors, also from Mr. Schneiderhahn. It is like 
 the celebrated " Pieta " of Achterman. The paintings consist of 
 one large fresco painting, representing the transfiguration of Christ 
 on Mount Tabor, the other of any note is an oil painting represent- 
 ing Saint Margaret Alocoque, with the well-known picture of the 
 Sacred Heart of Jesus. in the second year after the dedication of 
 St. Peter's Church, 1868, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Juncker of Alton 
 died; Father Baltes was appointed administrator, and about thir- 
 teen months afterwards bishop of the diocese of Alton, by his holi- 
 ness Pope Pius IX. His consecration, of which mention will be 
 made hereafter, took place January 23, 1870. 
 
 1870 TO 1881. 
 The successor of Father Baltes was Rev. Father Louis Hinssen, 
 the present rector- of the congregation. Aside from an enormous 
 church debt, resulting from the building, downfall and rebuilding 
 of St. Peter's church, etc., the new rector found a well-regulated and 
 large congregation. With youthful energy he took hold of every- 
 thing likely to further the interests and welfare of his flock. His 
 first care was to reduce the church debt, by collections taken up 
 through the congregation, by fairs, and by obtaining money at a 
 lower rate of interest. He succeeded so well in this, that now, after 
 the lapse of eleven years, after having paid during that time the 
 sum of $27,560 for interest on the old church debt, $56,420 for new 
 buildings and other improvements, and more than $30,000 for cur- 
 rent expenses, the debt is reduced to nearly one-half of what it was. 
 At the same time, numerous other improvements have been made 
 during his administration. Among others, we mention the building 
 of the two spires of St. Peter's church, at a cost of about $10,000 ; 
 the life-size statues on the high altar ; the altar of the Blessed Vir- 
 gin, in gothic style and richly ornamented, which cost $1675 ; the 
 Catholic Casino building, the St. Agnes Orphan Asylum, the acqui- 
 sition of the new St. Peter's Catholic Cemetery on Green Mount, 
 and lastly, the fine St. Elizabeth Hospital for the Sisters of Charity, 
 which was completed May 21, 1881, and on the following day, May 
 22, opened for the reception of patients.* He was also instrumental 
 
 * 1. All patients wishing to have access to the hospital must get a permit 
 from ihe rector of St. Peter's church, together with a recommendation of any 
 physician of good standing in the county of St. Clair, in which the sickness is 
 stated. If it be a case of accident or any other urgent case, the admission is 
 left optionable with the Sister Superioress of the hospital. 
 
 2. The charges for ward patients are from S4 to $6 per week, including 
 board and medicines. Delicacies, fine wines, etc., prescribed by the physician, 
 form extra charges. 
 
 3. Private patients, who are able to pay for medical services, either surgical 
 or otherwise, have to pay for them. They pay to the hospital from ?6 to 18 
 per week. Delicacies, fine wines, etc , prescribed by the physician, form extra 
 
 charges. 
 
 4. Any patient wishing to employ any other physician than those connected 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 in establishing several societies for the interests of his church and 
 his parishioners, so the St. Peter's Altar Society, the obj 'ct of which 
 is to provide means for beautifying the altars of the church and 
 everything necessary for divine service ; the St. Cecilian Society, 
 for good church music, with about fifty members, Mr. Clemens Wel- 
 lenbrink, director; the sodalities of the Blessed Virgin, for young 
 men and young ladies ; a Library and Reading society, with a cata- 
 logue of at least 1100 works; the St. Aloysius Debating Club, for 
 the intellectual improvement and amusement of young men ; the 
 St. Aloysius and St. Rosa Society, for first communicants ; the 
 Catholic Casino, for the intellectual improvement and recreation of 
 the men of the congregation, by lectures, speeches, debates and con- 
 certs A building was erected for the club at a cost of $15,000, 
 including furniture, etc. It contains, in the first story, two store- 
 rooms; in the rear, two reading-rooms and a large school-room fir 
 a high school for boys. The second story contains one large hall 
 for the accommodation of five hundred people, a stage, gallery and 
 dress-room. The s ciety was organized December 26th, 1873, with 
 one hundred and forty-two members; Dr. Julius Kohl, president; 
 Henry Reiss, secretary. This society had the same object in view 
 as the Catholic casinos in Germany, and no doubt would have 
 accomplished the same good ; but because of the narrow-minded- 
 ness of some and the self-interest of others, it met with obstacles 
 from directions least expected, and its operations were suspended for 
 the time being ; also the High school. 
 
 The St. Peter's Benevolent Society was organized February 2d, 
 1872, with Mr. M. Reiss as first president, and Valentine Reiterman 
 as secretary. The society has expended for sick members, for the 
 widows and children of deceased members since its establishment, 
 the sum of $12,994, and has at present $4000 on interest. It num- 
 bers two hundred and eighteen members. The Order of Catholic 
 Knights of America was established in the month of March, 1880, 
 with Mr. J. B. Tenner as president, and Henry Reiss, secretary'. 
 The object of the society is the same as that of any other life insur- 
 ance company ; the society issues life insurance policies of $2000 to 
 its members. The centre around which such Catholic life pulsates 
 in Belleville is St. Peter's church. To get an idea of the number 
 of persons it can accommodate, and at the same time of the number 
 of Catholics in and around Belleville, one must place himself on 
 Sunday morning, just before divine service is over, in front of the 
 church, to see the crowds coming out of its doors, as if the half of 
 the city of Belleville had knelt before the altar of St. Peter's 
 
 with the hospital, can do so by making thtir request known to the Sinter 
 Superioress; but in this case they liave to pay the charges of the physician 
 and the medicine extra, and the Sisters will in no case be responsible for 
 them. 
 
 5. Patients wishing to leave the hospital, must give notice to the Sister 
 Superioress, between the hours of 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning and from 
 2 to 3 o'clock in the afternoon. 
 
 6. Loud talking or noise of any kind, smoking, spitting upon the floor, use 
 of liquors, are strictly forbidden. Persons wishing to donate anything for the 
 use of the patients, must hand it to the Sisters, who will properly apply tlie 
 same. 
 
 7. Patients are requested to be in their room when the physicians or sur- 
 geons are paying their regular visits ; the same is required at medicine hours. 
 
 8. Visitors to the hospital will be admitted on Tuesday and Friday of each 
 week, from 9 to 11 o'clock in the forenoon and from 2 to 5 o'clock in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 9. All bills must be paid for weekly in advance. 
 
 10. Patients wishing to go out, will give notice to the Superioress. They 
 should state where they are going to and when they will return. After six 
 o'clock p. M. no patient is allowed to be out. 
 
 11. All coraplainls, if there be any, must be made known to the Sister 
 Suiierioress. 
 
 church. Divine service is conducted in a becoming manner, and 
 is very imposing on the great festival days of the church. The 
 hours for divine service are, on Sundays, first mass at six o'clock, 
 second mass half-past seven, high mass and German sermon at ten 
 o'clock, vespers at three o'clock ; on week-days, first mass is at half- 
 past six, second mass at half-past seven o'clock. Present number 
 of Catholic souls, 4000 ; present number of Easter communions, 
 2560 ; number of yearly communions, 16,000 ; school children, 700 ; 
 number of children prepared for first holy communion, since 1870, 
 is 1423. 
 
 EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS AND INCIDENTS IN THE HISTORY OF 
 
 ST. Peter's congregation. 
 
 1. The first general festival of any note was the consecration of 
 the new bell for St. Peter's church, on November 26th, 1856. It 
 was carried about in a procession through the streets of Belleville, 
 before it was consecrated by Archbishop Ken rick, of St. Louis. 
 Rev. Father Siegrist delivered the oration of the day. 
 
 2. The laying of the corner stone of the new St. Peter's church by 
 Bishop Juncker, of Alton, on June 29th, 1863, was another gala 
 day of the congregation. 
 
 3. So was the day of the dedication of St. Peter's church, Novem- 
 ber 6th, 1866, in the pre-sence of several bishops, many priests and 
 people. 
 
 4. The next event of importance was the consecration of the 
 Pastor of St. Peter's congregation, the Rev. Father Baltes, as Bishop 
 of Alton, January 23d, 1870. Bishop Luers, of Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 assisted by Bishop Toebbe, of Covington, Ky., was the consecrator. 
 The Very Rev., now Bishop Ryan, of St. Louis, Very Rev. Schse- 
 fermeier of Quincy, Very Rev. Muehlsiepen, V. G. of St. Louis, 
 Very Rev. Coosemanns, S. J. of St. Louis, Very Rev. J. Jaussen, 
 V. G., and about forty other clergymen, were in the sanctuary. The 
 Very Rev. P. S. Ryan, of St. Louis, delivered the English sermon ; 
 Rev. Schweninger, of Cincinnati, the German. The concourse of 
 people was immense. After the consecration, tlie new bishop gave 
 his first episcopal blessing. 
 
 5. Another memorable event in the history of St Peter's congre- 
 gation was the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the 
 
 . coronation of Pope Pius IX., June 21st, 1871. We copy from the 
 Missouri Republican the following description : 
 
 Coronation of Pope Pius the IX. Grand Celebration in Belleville. 
 The twenty-fifth anniversary of the coronation of Pius IX was 
 celebrated by the Catholics of Belleville and vicinity yesterday, in 
 a manner which shows that the spirit of that grand old church is 
 still animated and living, and its members ever ready to do honor 
 to its supreme head; It is historically true that the present pope 
 is the only one, through the long line of pontifi's of the CathoUc 
 hierarchy, \Nho has occupied uninterruptedly that position for twen- 
 ty-five years ; and in view of this fact, and for the purpose of pay- 
 ing a tribute of respect not only to the pope for his incorruptible 
 life during the many vicissitudes in which he has passed as priest 
 bishop, and pontifi", but as the supreme head of the Catholic church 
 throughout the world, the members of that church, both in Europe 
 and America are at the present moment generally and zealously 
 celebrating the occasion. The Catholics of Belleville have not 
 been remise in this pleasing duty. At an early hour the booming 
 of cannon from Elmers Hill was a sure indication that something 
 of more than ordinary importance was about to be enacted. The 
 programme of the proceedings of the day which have been publish- 
 ed in the papers of that city was faithfully carried out by the com- 
 mittee appointed for that purpose. At eight o'clock in the morning 
 
HISTORY OF SI. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 161 
 
 solemn high mass was celebrated in the large and exquisitely fur- 
 nished church, which was most tastefully decorated, both outside 
 and inside, with garlands, wreaths, pictures, &c. Rev. Father Tro- 
 gan was the celebrant, assisted by Revs. Berlage, Kloke, Levi, 
 Janssem, Pinkers, and the pastor, Father Hinssen. A full choir 
 was in attendance, and the music was more than ordinarily fine. 
 We could not but notice particularly the rendition at the offertory 
 of Zambillots Ecce pavis by the choir, which was executed in fine 
 style, and in a manner melting the hearts of the worshippers there 
 
 After mass, the procession was formed in the following order : A 
 company of papal zuaves, composed of small boys dressed in red 
 uniforms with turbans, tassles, &c., then followed the children of 
 the parochial schools, the day scholars and boarders of the conventi 
 the member of the library association, the young ladies sodality, 
 St. Vincent's orphan society ; the portrait of Pope Pius IX came 
 next in order carried by a young lady representing the Catholic 
 church, and around her were fifteen children bearing emblems, 
 representing their various professions and avocations. A guard of 
 honor with the papal flag escorted them. Next came the clergy in 
 carriages, who were accompanied by mounted escorts. The differ- 
 ent religious societies, together with citizens on foot, horseback and 
 carriages completed the procession, which was certainly one of the 
 largest and most imposing that ever paraded the streets of the city. 
 It is almost impossible to estimate the number of persons who par- 
 ticipated, as counting was entirely out of the question ; but the 
 procession was fully one and a half miles in length and occupied at 
 least one hour in passing a given point. Two bands of music dis- 
 coursed music, both in the line of march and at Eimers Hill during 
 the day, where the picnic was held, and after passing the greater 
 part of the day in a most agreeable and pleasant manner the party 
 returned about five o'clock to the city in excellent order. Orations 
 were delivered in the English and German languages, and were 
 listened to with marked attention by the large concourse of people 
 there assembled. Mr. J. A. Kennedy, of Springfield, Ills., former- 
 ly of Waterlooo, Ills., who delivered the English oration, acquitted 
 himself admirably, and as a reward for his excellent effort received 
 frequent and heartfelt applause. The festivities of the day wound 
 up with a large torchlight procession in the evening. The display 
 was truly imposing and was witnessecy^y thousands of people. The ^ 
 Catholics had made extensive preparations for the celebration of 
 the day ; nearly all of them had their residences and places of busi- 
 ness festooned and illuminated in honor of the occasion. The church 
 particularly was brilliantly illuminated. Too much praise cannot 
 be awarded to Rev. Father Hinssen, the pastor of Belleville, for the 
 unremitting zeal displayed by him in getting up the celebration as 
 well as for the successful and orderly manner in which it was 
 carried out. Altogether it was a day which will be long remem- 
 bered by the citizens, and more especially the Catholics of Belle- 
 ville. 
 
 In the year 1877, June the 10th, the St. Peter's Catholic Ceme- 
 tery on Green Mount, containing eight and three-fourth acres of 
 land, was consecrated by the Right Reverend P. J. Baltes, who was 
 assisted by the Reverend L. Pommer, Rev.Wirtschoreck, Rev. Zum- 
 busch, and the Rector of St. Peter's Church. 
 
 6. Among the sad events in the history of St. Peter's congrega- 
 tion we chronicle the death of Rev Father Arnold Pinkers, Janu- 
 ary 17th, 1872. He was a Hollander by birth, and came to Belle- 
 ville in the year 1863. After nine years of faithful labor for the 
 cause of religion in the St. Peter's congregation, he died from heart 
 disease in the Sister's Hospital in St. Louis. He was buried in 
 Belleville, in Walnut Hill cemetery. How highly esteemed and 
 21 
 
 beloved the deceased priest was among the members of the congre- 
 gation, could be seen on the day of burial. His funeral cortage 
 was the largest ever seen in the streets of Belleville. 
 
 7. In the year 1875, several attempts were made by unknown 
 parties to burn St. Peters' church. The first fire was laid under the 
 old church. It was extinguished before any harm had been done. 
 The next attempt was made in the large tower of the new church. 
 The stairway, leading from the first to the second story in the tower, 
 had been saturated with coal oil, and fired about a quarter of seven 
 o'clock in the evening of February the 24th, 1875, and in less than 
 two minutes the stairway and wooden ceiling of the first floor of the 
 tower was ablaze. The people were just flocking into the church 
 for lenton devotion, when the cry of fire was raised, and the bright 
 light of the flames were seen through all the windows of the tower. 
 It is to this circumstance that the fire was extinguished before any 
 serious damage was done. A few minutes later in discovering the 
 fire — a few less hands to quench it, and the splendid church of St. 
 Peter, the pride and ornament of our city — would have been a 
 heap of smouldering ruins ! Who the perpetrators of this dastardly 
 outrage were — remains a mystery to this day. All we know of them 
 is this, that about three weeks before the fire, they had the courage 
 to write to the Pastor of St. Peter's church, three anonymous letters 
 in which they threatened — that unless we would leave Belleville — 
 he himself would be murdered, or his church burned down; — so 
 far neither of these threats has been verified. 
 
 8. On November the third, 1875, there arrived from Munster, 
 Westphalia, Germany, four Franciscan Siters of Charity, with Sis- 
 ter Jovita, as Superioress — victims of Bismarks celebrated May- 
 Laws. They were received with open arms by the people of Belle- 
 ville. They took their provisory abode in the old school-house, 
 which had been prepared for their residence. Ever since they have 
 been working faithfully and zealously among the sick and suffering 
 of Belleville, irrespective of religion or nationality, and it is in 
 acknowledgment of their many services to suffering humanity — as 
 a just tribute of thanks, that the members of St. Peter's congrega- 
 tion, and many liberal citizens of Belleville, have built for them a 
 new house, "St. Elizabeth Hospital." It is a three-story brick 
 building, of sixty feet front, forty feet deep, and thirty-eight feet 
 high, containing twenty two rooms for patients, drug-store, operat- 
 ing-room, etc. 
 
 9. In the year 1878, July 13th, the Rev Father Diekmann 
 Assistant-priest at St. Peter's church, died of congestive fever. He 
 was born in Borkum, Westphalia, in the year 1853 — came to this 
 country about a year before his death — was first pastor of Grafton, 
 Jersey county, Illinois, and for about four months Assistant in 
 Belleville. He was a man of kind and amiable disposition, and a 
 great friend of children. He was beloved by all, and will be long 
 remembered by those who knew him. 
 
 10. September 28th, 1879, St. Peter's congregation witnessed an- 
 other great ceremony — the dedication of the St. Agnes Orphan 
 Asylum, by the Right Reverend P. J. Baltes. This charitable in- 
 stitution owes it origin to the liberality of a young Catholic lady, 
 Miss Katie Agnes Germain, who, before her death, which took 
 place May 28th, 1879, willed to the Right Reverend Bishop Baltes 
 eighty acres of land for the purpose of building a home for orphans. 
 Although the relatives of the worthy donator have succeeded so far 
 in preventing the execution of that will, yet the intention of the 
 deceased benefactress has been executed. The Orphan Asylum 
 has been built, and shelters at present 26 orphans, under the man- 
 agement of the Franciscan Sisters. It has a front of 1 10 feet and is 
 two-story high. It contains sixteen rooms for the Orphan Asylum 
 proper, four large school-rooms, and one large hall 67x32 feet. 
 
162 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 It is an ornament of the city and a lasting monument of the piety 
 and liberality of Katie Agnes Germain. 
 
 Fayettville.—F\vsi Church was built in 1851. It was a frame 
 building 25x35. In the year 1866 the congregation became too 
 large, and a new church was built of brick in handsome Gothic 
 style ; size, 50x80. The old church is now used for a school-house. 
 The number of families belonging to the congregation, Avhich is 
 called after St Pancratius, are seventy ; present pastor, Rev. Froh- 
 bose. Father Turk was first resident pastor, and he built the first 
 church. The number of children attending the Catholic school 
 varies between 50 and 60. 
 
 Lebanon. St. Joseph's congregation numbers about 60 families. 
 Rev. Father Reineke, of Breese, Ills., built the first church in the 
 year 1863. It is a frame building 30x52. A school-house, 24xc6 
 is near the church. The late Rev. Father Francis Trojan was 
 pastor up to his death in April, 1881. 
 
 Maseoutah. — Congregation of Holy Childhood in Jesus was visited 
 as before mentioned by thfe priests from Belleville.^ Mass was.cele- 
 brated in the houses of Messrs. Philipp Roehrig, Mathias Brentrel, 
 Joham Friederich, Jacob Schmidt, and Mr. Mathias Roehrig. 
 Father Ostlangenberg induced the people in the year 1852 to buy 
 u piece of prairie land containing two acres, from a negro named 
 Nelson, for the sum of $175. In the year 1856 an affbrt was made 
 to build a church. Prominent among the donators we find Jacob 
 Schmidt, Amand Meyer, John VoUmer, Francis Perrin, Joseph 
 Meyer, Vincent Moeller, P. Roehrig, I. G. Meyer, D. Schaefier, M. 
 Hatt, P. Baumgaetre, N. Schofra, P. M. Speiser, and later others. 
 In the year 1857 the foundation was laid for a brick church 40x60. 
 It was completed the same year. The first resident priest was Rev. 
 F. Bloesinger. His successor Rev. Father Frohbose. The latter 
 established a Catholic school, and bought a lot for a grave-yard 
 two miles, west of Maseoutah. In the year 1859 the celebrated 
 Father Wemiger gave a mission. The present pastor is Rev. Th. 
 Anton Pieke. He came to Maseoutah in the year 1875, and built 
 a house for the school sisters. In the year 1879, November, 
 he commenced the building of a new church. On Feb 9th, 1880, 
 Right Rev. Bishop P. J. Baltes laid the corner-stone. On Dec. 
 18th, 1880 the church was completed. It is a fine building of 
 stone, built in Gothic style, 64x147, 34 feet high, steeple 170 feet 
 high. When completed it will cost $30,000. It will be an orna- 
 ment for Maseoutah years to come. Number of families, 130; 
 number of school children, 119. 
 
 CENTEEVILLE STATION. 
 
 On September 6th, 1863, the corner-stone to the church was laid 
 by Rev. Ragan. C. M., in the presence of Rev. Dontreligne, C. M. 
 Rev. P. J. Baltes, of Belleville, many ecclesiastical students and a 
 large concourse of people from St. Louis and vicinity. The build- 
 ing is a fine brick structure, Roman style of architecture, and the 
 dimensions are about 30x80 feet. Rev. Dontreligne read the first 
 mass in the church on August 20th 1865. On August 5th, 1866, 
 the church was dedicated by right Rev. Bishop H. D. Juncker of 
 Alton, assisted by Rev. Dontreligne, the resident priest, and 
 Rev. P. J. Baltes. The first bell was consecrated by Very Rev. 
 P. J. Baltef, Vicar-General, on Jan. 1th, 1868. 
 
 The money for the building of the church was mainly collected 
 by the saintly Father Dontreligne. He traveled over the greater part 
 of the United States on his collecting tour ; he went to Canada, Cuba 
 and South America. He also donated six thousand dollars of his 
 father's estate in Belgium for the purpose of getting the church 
 out of debt. Father Dontreligne, after working hard at Cahokia, 
 Centreville Station, nay, at nearly every point in Southern Illinois, 
 
 for more than forty years, in the year 1872 retired to St. Vincent, 
 St. Lous, Mo., to die among the beloved of his order, the Lazarists. 
 
 Rev. Londry succeeded him from 1872 to 1875 as Rector of Ca- 
 hokia and Centreville Station. Rev. J. J. Jaqnes was the next 
 successor from 1875 to 1878. The present Rector is Rev. P. J. 
 Kempen. Number of families, 100 ; of diflTereut nationalities. 
 
 Freehurg. — The congregation of St. Joseph was attended to by a 
 priest from Belleville, Maseoutah and Mud Creek. Rev. Doniinick 
 Niederkorn, L. I. , from St. Louis, read the first mass at Freeburg. 
 In the year 1856 the first church was built. It is a brick building 
 40x67 feet. Rev. Barthol. Bartels was the first resident priest. He 
 remained from 1859 to 1861. He was succeeded by Revs. Rosen- 
 dahl, Hofimann, and Busch from 1861 to 1862. From 1862 to 
 1863 Rev. F. Bergmeir was pastor, from 1863 to 1865 Father 
 Elshoff". He paid off all of the church debt, and died of consump- 
 tion, caused by cold contracted during a sick call. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. Trogan from 1865 to 1868. From 1868 to 1873 
 Father Oberbrantacher was pastor of the congregation. Father 
 Merbach, of Fayetteville, attended to the congregation from 1873 
 to 1874. On June 16th, 1874, the present Rector, Rev. A. Wirts- 
 choreck took charge of the congregation He added to the church 
 a fine steeple 118 feet high, in the year 1876. It contains three 
 bells, the only belfry with three bells in St. Clair county. The 
 church contains a beautiful large pipe organ. A good two-story 
 priest house and a large school-house situated opposite the church. 
 The congregation numbers seventy families, and about as many 
 children attend the parish school. 
 
 The church of St. John the. Baptist, Georgetown, was built in 
 1867. Priests from Belleville, Paderborn and Freeburg, attended to 
 the congregation. At present the congregation is visited regularly 
 by Rev. Wirtschoreck, of Freeburg. There was a fine school and 
 priest house built in 1877. Number of families, 45 ; number of 
 school children, about 60. - 
 
 St. Agatha, New Athens, is a small congregation. The church, 
 however, is large and of fine proportions. It was built in the year 
 1870, by Rev. Oberbrantacher of Freeburgh. It is of brick, with 
 a large steeple, standing on an elevated part of the city ; the whole 
 forming ah imposing ornament to the city of New Athens. Father 
 Wirtschoreck, of Freeburgh, visits the congregation regularly. 
 
 There are large Catholic congregations at East St. Louis, Mill- 
 ritadt, French village, Paderborn, St. Libory, and O'Fallon, but 
 details could not be obtained. 
 
 THE BAPTIST CHURCHES OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 BY JOSEPH B. LEMEN. 
 
 " The groves were God's first temples," says Bryant in his Thana- 
 topsis ; and the groves were where the first act of worship was 
 oflfered by the Baptists in St. Clair county. In 1787, James Le- 
 men, Sr., and a few of his Baptist friends who were seeking homes 
 in the west, were prospecting for lands in this region. They 
 camped for the Sabbath in a grove near the present city of Belle- 
 ville ; songs and prayers were ofiered and the Scriptures read. 
 This was probably the first act of associated worship performed by 
 the Baptists in what is now St. Clair county. 
 
 This event preceded by some years, the organization of the Bap- 
 list cause in St Clair. At that time a few early settlers had lo- 
 cated in Monroe county, who shortly afterwards organized a church 
 called the New Design Baptist church ; and from which eventu- 
 ally sprang the Richland Creek and the Canteen Creek Baptist 
 churches, located in St. Clair county; this latter church is now 
 called Bethel church. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 163 
 
 Amoug the supporters of the New Design church who interested 
 themselves in organizing a Baptist church in St. Clair county, was 
 James Lemen, Sr., five of whose sons became active laborers in the 
 Baptist cause, four of them becoming ministers. This old pioneer 
 was born in Berkley county, Virginia November 20, 1760. Was a 
 soldier in the American army at Yorktown, when Cornwallis sur- 
 rendered to the American and French allies. Married Catherine 
 Ogle, in Virginia, 1782. Came with his wife and family to the 
 Illinois country in 1786, and settled at New Design, near the pres- 
 ent site of Waterloo, in Monroe county. Was waited upon in a 
 confidential capacity by Aaron Burr, and offered large rewards for 
 his influence in aiding Burr to found his south-western empire, but 
 <lenounced the scheme as treasonable. Reared eight children, 
 seven of whom became consistent, devoted members of the Baptist 
 church. Was the first person baptized by immersion in Illinois, 
 and became a minister of the gospel He died at his residence near 
 Waterloo, January 8, 1822, aged 61 years. 
 
 The labors of this pioneer, with a few other faithful members of 
 the Baptist faith in Monroe county, gave much encouragement to 
 the first Baptists who settled in St. Clair county, when they were 
 organizing their first church here. 
 
 Rev. John Clark, a native of Scotland, and a Baptist minister, 
 gave the Baptists of St. Clair county much encouragement in or- 
 ganizing their first churches. He died in St. Louis county. Mo., 
 October 11, 1833, aged 75 years. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Chance, a pioneer ]ir.ptist minister of much zeal, 
 also gave active aid in organizing toe Baptist cause in this county ; 
 he died in 1840, aged 75 years. Rev. David Badgley and Rev. John 
 Baugh, pioneer Baptist ministers here, were also faithful workers 
 with those other devoted men at that early day. They were men 
 of large influence, and were successful laborers in their Master's 
 cause. 
 
 The anti-slavery sentiment was prominent with these people, al- 
 though they were mostly southern men, or their immediate descend- 
 ants. This sentiment was probably intensified by the logical re- 
 sults of that grand achievement of the Baptists in 1789, which 
 preceded this period but a few years. The denomination had but 
 recently pressed Washington to insist upon the adoption «f an ar- 
 ticle in the amendments to the constitution which should declare for 
 religious liberty, and he had complied ; and it was probable that 
 when the Baptists had succeeded in assisting to plant the sublime 
 doctrine of religious liberty in the constitution by the declaration 
 that " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of 
 religion, or prohibiting a free exercise thereof" It gave the 
 feelings of these pioneer Baptists an impetus in the direction of 
 freedom for the limbs as well as liberty for the conscience of 
 men. 
 
 The popular sentiment at that day favored a complete separa- 
 tion of church and state, and it was an opportune period, while the 
 great republic was yet in its infancy, to plant the grand truth of 
 religious liberty behind the strong towers of its constitution, and 
 that some of these pioneers in common with their brethren else- 
 where demanded the recognition of this truth in the constitution 
 will ever remain to their credit. It is not unlikely that such an 
 event stirred the minds of some of those early Baptist leaders with 
 a sentiment for universal freedom. 
 
 In church government, the first Baptist churches here, as well as 
 their later ones, were in harmony with the theory and practice of 
 the denomination in general. It was founded on the plan of a pure 
 democracy, representing in religion the exact application of that 
 grand principle which in true political science should, and accord- 
 ing to our theory of government, does control the state. In their 
 
 views on baptism and communion, these Baptists were a unit with 
 their faith elsewhere. 
 
 RICHLAND CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The Richland Creek Baptist church was the first Baptist church 
 constituted in St. Clair county. The record of its first proceedings 
 is dated June 14, 1806 Its first meeting, according to this record, 
 occurred at Wm. Lot Whiteside's residence, a few miles north-east 
 of the present city of Belleville. Rev. Joseph Chance was modera- 
 tor, and Benjamin Ogle clerk. At that time that church was an 
 arm of the Baptist church at New Design, in Monroe county, and 
 the style of their minutes ran—" Richland Arm of the church of 
 Christ at New Design." In 1807, September 12, this church met 
 at the house of Isaac Enochs, and voted to form itself into a sepa- 
 rate organization under the name of " The Baptist church of Christ 
 at Richland Creek ; " and this is the style of their minutes at their 
 next church meeting. In church session at the house of Jacob Ogle, 
 in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county, February 13, 1808, the church 
 adopted resolutions declaring the faith of the church against the 
 belief and practice of slavery. In 1809, these people built a 
 meeting-house on Richland Creek, some three miles north-east of 
 Belleville ; and at that time had a membership of about forty. 
 Among the members were Benjamin Ogle, James Lemen, Sr., Wm. 
 Lot Whiteside, William Kinney, Isaac Enochs, Larken Ruther- 
 ford, Rev. Joseph Lemen, Robert Lemen, Polly K. Lemen, Cathe- 
 rine Lemen, Ann Simpion, Hetty Lemen, Ann Whiteside, Sallie 
 Whiteside, Ann Lemen, Elizabeth Badgley, Mary Kinney, and 
 others — a band of noble men and women, whose pious lives and la- 
 bors did much in moulding the destinies of the young state. 
 
 This church was in session July 8, 1809, when Rev. James Le- 
 men, Sr., who had been licensed to preach July 9, 1808, arose and 
 denounced the practice of slavery as something with which he could 
 not fellowship. To this declaration a portion of the church objected) 
 and several church conferences were subsequently called to com- 
 promise the diflerence in opinion, but without results. Within th^ 
 church each wing of opinion sent delegates to the association of the 
 several Baptist churches, which had then been organized in South- 
 ern Illinois, but the association refused admission to both sets of 
 messengers ; but finally, itself divided on the issue here presented. 
 However, both schools of opinion in this church met afterwards in 
 friendly conference, and talked OV' r their views, and agreed that an 
 amicable separation would be the better course to pursue. In pur- 
 suance of this end, at a regular session of this church, December 9, 
 1809, it was voted that as many as wished to withdraw by reason of 
 this difference of views on slavery, and organize another 
 church, should have the privilege to do so ; and five members sig- 
 nified their purpose to form a new organization. This was the first 
 act in the origin of Bethel church. After this division in Richland 
 Baptist church, it continued for many years, and numbered among 
 its members many men and women of much influence, and greatly 
 esteemed by all who knew them. Many of their descendants yet 
 survive, and are found in Illinois and elsewhere. At a later period 
 this church became extinct, its members having died or joined other 
 churches. 
 
 THE BETHEL BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This church is located two and a half miles south-east of CoUins- 
 ville, in St. Clair county, in a beautiful and fertile farming dis- 
 trict. It was constituted December 10, 1809. The five members 
 who had formally withdrawn from Richland church on the day 
 previous, with two others, composed this church, and were consti- 
 tuted by -Elders James Lemen, Jr. and John Baugh, under the 
 name of "The Baptized Church of Christ, Friends to Humanity." 
 
164 
 
 niSTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The names of the constituent members were James Lemen, Sr., 
 Catherine Lemen, Robert Lemen, Hetty Lemen, Joseph Lemen, 
 Polly K. Lemen, and Benjamin O^le. The declared faith of this 
 church were the Old and New Testaments ; and for its good will 
 toward men, its constitution declared it to be, " The friends to hu- 
 manity, denying union and communion with all persons holding the 
 doctrine of perpetual, involuntary, hereditary slavery." 
 
 With the organization of this church began the contest of slavery 
 and anti-slavery views in Illinois. The birth of Bethel church was 
 among the first notes in that contest which ended at Appomattox, 
 more than half a century later ; and as some of the early members 
 of this church were ofiicers under the territorial and state govern- 
 ments of Illinois, it was undoubtedly a potent factor in shaping the 
 destinies of the young state, and in bringing it into the brotherhood 
 of the states as a free commonwealth. 
 
 This church, while it exercised at an early day a considerable 
 influence on the policies of the state, was not idle in propagating its 
 faith : at Belleville, Troy, Collinsville, Pleasant Ridge, Oak Hill, 
 and O'Fallon, are Baptist churches which acknowledge their ma- 
 ternity largely to Bethel church. 
 
 Of the constituent members of this church we have given a brief 
 sketch of Rev. James Lemen, Sr. From its organization until his 
 death, this old pioneer minister often preached to its congregation. 
 His wife, Catherine Lemen, was a devoted, pious member of the 
 Baptist faith. They reared eight children. Catherine Lemen lived 
 to a ripe old age, and when death found her she was in the full 
 possession of all her faculties. She died at her residence in Monroe 
 county. Their son, Joseph, preached her funeral sermon, James 
 having preached their father's. 
 
 Robert Lemen w;as born in Berkley county, Virginia, September 
 25, 1783, and was the son of Rev. James Lemen, Sr. and Catherine, 
 nee Ogle. He came with his parents to Illinois in 1786. Married 
 Hester Tolin in 180-5, settled in St. Clair county) and reared a large - 
 family, who were all believers, and three of whom are yet living 
 and are active members of the Baptist (ihurch. Robert Lemen held 
 a magistrate's commission for many yeai's, and at one time was 
 marshal of the state, under John Quincy Adams. In every posi- 
 tion he was a faithful, popular officer, and was a man of liberal 
 reading. He united with Richland Baptist church, December 9, 
 1808, and was clerk of that church until he assisted in constituting 
 Bethel church, in which he was clerk until 1845, and with his 
 brothers. Elders Joseph, James, Moses and Josiah, was an active 
 and successful supporter of the cause of religion. He died at his 
 residence in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county, August 24, 1860, aged 
 77 years. Hester Lemen, wife of Robert Lemen, was a devoted 
 Christian mother. In early life she united with the Baptist faith, 
 and was an earnest supporter of the interests of religion. She died 
 at the family residence, November 2, 1849, aged nearly 61 years. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Lemen, son of Rev. James Lemen, Sr. and Catherine 
 Lemen, was born in Berkley county, Virginia, September 8, 1785. 
 Ciame with his parents to Illinois, in 1786. United with the Bap- 
 tist church and became a prominent minister of the gospel. He 
 married Mary Kinney, settled in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county, 
 and reared a large family, who embraced the Baptist faith and 
 united with that church ; five sons and one daughter are yet living. 
 He was an active laborer in the cause of his Master, his field of la- 
 bors extending from Iowa to Kentucky, and for a period of more 
 than half a century caHed men to seek repentance and salvation. 
 In the course of his labors, he assisted to organize many churches. 
 He was a devoted student of the Bible, and was always happy to 
 call men to follow it as their guide. For many years, and from its 
 organization down to 1851, he, with his brother James, supplied 
 
 Bethel church with ministerial labor, (except fi)r a period when 
 Rev. Moses Lemen was pastor of the church) and his labors were 
 blest, as the church increased greatly in strength through their la- 
 bors. He died at his residence in Ridge Prairie, June 29, 1861, 
 aged nearly 76 years. Mary K. Lemen, wife of Rev. Joseph Le- 
 men, joined the Baptist church in early life. She was a devoted 
 mother and earnest Christian. She died at Mount Vernon, while 
 visiting a daughter there, June 1, 1863, aged 71 years. She was 
 interred in the family cemetery, by the side of her husband, near 
 the old homestead, in St. Clair county. 
 
 Rev. Benjamin Ogle was a native of Virginia. He came to the 
 Illinois country in 1785, united with the Baptist church, and be- 
 came a minister of the gospel, and accomplished much good in those 
 early days by his gospel labors. He died at a ripe old age, es- 
 teemed by all who knew him. 
 
 These were the men and women who founded Bethel church, and 
 gave it their labors, and prayers, and tears. They have long since 
 passed away ; but the church which they founded has gathered 
 many a hundred to its fold, and has witnessed their grand declara- 
 tion for the common brotherhood of humanity take its place in the 
 grand edifice of our national constitution. 
 
 Rev. James Lemen, who assisted to constitute this church, and 
 who, with his brother Joseph's assistance, for forty years furnished 
 its pastoral supply, was a son of Rev. James Lemen, Sr. and Cath- 
 erine Lemen, and was born in Monroe county, Illinois, October 8, 
 1787. In early life he united with the Baptist church and became 
 a minister of the gospel. He assisted in the ordination of his father. 
 Rev. James Lemen, Sr. He was a man of liberal reading, and he 
 served for several terms, some sixteen years, in the house and sen- 
 ate of the Illinois legislature, and was a member of the convention 
 which made the first constitution of the state, under which it was 
 admitted as a state into the union. He preached in Illinois, Mis- 
 souri and Kentucky, and assisted to organize many churches, but 
 his labors were largely given to the church of his youth, old Beth- 
 el, which church he joined at the same session at which it was con- 
 stituted. He married Mary Pulliam, December 8, 1813, located in 
 Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county, and reared a large family, who all 
 united with the Baptist church. Three sons and a daughter are yet 
 living. He died at his residence in Ridge Prairie, February 8, 
 1870, aged 82 years. He was the second child born of American 
 parents in Illinois, Enoch Moore being the first. Mary Lemen, 
 wife of Rev. James Lemen, was an earnest Christian and a devoted 
 wife and mother. She united with Bethel church after her marriage, 
 and was an earnest supporter of the cause of religion. She died at 
 her residence, February 23, 1876, aged 81 years. 
 
 In 1810, March 3, this church in session passed a rule to be called 
 Canteen Creek church, and for some years after was known as "The 
 Baptist Church of Christ, Friends to Humanity, at Canteen Creek " 
 This style was generally used until July 2, 1825, when the mem- 
 bers had completed a meeting-house, and at that time had 
 met in the house in church session for the first time. The records 
 ofthat meeting call this meeting-house "Bethel," and from that 
 date they seemed to be gradually by public usage, assuming the 
 name of Bethel church, or Bethel Baptist church. 
 
 Their meeting-house had a capacity of about 250, and was located 
 a few rods south and a little east of the present church building. 
 
 From 1809 to 1825, the church sessions and worship were held 
 here and there at the members' houses ; and it was no unusual affair 
 for one of these old farmers to feed fifty hoi-ses and a hundred peo- 
 ple on such occasions. Sometimes half a beef and other provisions 
 in proportion would be consumed in one day. In looking over the 
 venerable records ofthischurch, it seems there was much progress 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 165 
 
 in numbers and strength during this period. Here and there was 
 an old camp follower, who worried the good people with his native 
 and uncultured rhymes and dreadful music, tried the patience of 
 the real preachers by following their sermons with wild, windy and 
 unprofitable harangues, and consumed their chickens and beef with 
 the avidity of a Koman emperor or a hyena, but these harmless 
 old fellows were tolerated in Christian charity. 
 
 General progress continued to attend the church after they built 
 their meeting-house in 1825 ; and preceding this, and some years 
 later, a large number of earnest and active workers had united 
 with the church, and a larger house had become a necessity, — and 
 they proceeded to build their new house — the present church 
 building in 1838 and '40 — at a cost of $4,000. It is sixty by forty 
 feet, and was built in accordance with the specifications of a commits 
 tee on plan for a house, appointed in church session April 7, 1838. 
 The committee were : Joshua Begole, iVlerlin Jones and Samuel 
 Seybold. Making their new house was to call forth the best energies 
 of their members; but a noble band of workers, consisting of Joshua 
 Begole, Merlin Jones, Robert Lemen, John Cook, Uev. James Le- 
 men, Samuel Beedle, Rev. Joseph Lemen, James H. Lemen, Samuel 
 Simpson, William Hart, Peter Bowler, Warren Beedle, Samuel 
 Baird, Isaac W. Lemen, David La rence, James Hogan, Sylvester 
 Lemen, and others, carried the enterprise forward to success ; and 
 the new house was dedicated the first Saturday in September, 1840, 
 the Rev. John M. Peck preaching the dedicatory serm( n. On this 
 occasion a vast concourse of people attended, and a series of meet- 
 ings continued for ten days, resulting in the conversion of fifty 
 persons, many of whom united with Bethel Church. 
 
 In 1851, Feb. 1, Rev. John M. Peck was chosen Pastor of Bethel 
 church. From its organization to this date. Revs. Joseph and 
 James Lemen had furnished the pastoral services, except for a pe- 
 riod in 1846 and 1847, when Rev. Moses Lemen, their brother, 
 was pastor. During this period of about forty years, while the 
 Lemen brothers, Joseph and James, labored in the church, other 
 ministers from every section of the country often preached and la- 
 bored at Bethel, in revival meetings and at other times, and ren- 
 dered great aid and encouragement to the church ; but the labors 
 of these two pioneer ministers were rewarded with a degree of suc- 
 cess in advancing the interest and strength of the church, which 
 brought with it a consciousness of duty well discharged. 
 
 Rev- Moses Lemen filled the pastorate of Bethel church for a 
 period in 1846-7, to the satisfaction and progress of the congrega- 
 tion. He was a well-read man, and possessed much power as a 
 speaker. He was a devoted minister of the gospel, and gave his 
 time largely to the Master's service. He died in Montgomery co , 
 Illinois, March 5, 1859, aged 62 years. 
 
 John M. Peck, D. D., was Pastor of Bethel Church in 1851, and 
 the church prospered under his care. Dr. Peck moved from the 
 east and located at Rock Spring, St. Clair county, Illinois, at an 
 early day. He was a man of universal reading, and as a minister 
 of the gospel of the Baptist faith was devoted, and commanded a 
 wide influence. He was the founder of Shurtlefi" College, which 
 sprang from Rock Spring Seminary, Dr. Peck's school. He died 
 at his home at Rock Spring in 1858, before he had attained a very 
 great age. The scene at his death-bed was very impressive. 
 Several of his ministerial and other associates had visited him, and 
 but a short time before his death he reached his hand to Reverend 
 James Lemen, and shaking his hand, ' earnestly exclaimed : " The 
 Saviour reigns ! " It was a beautiful and fit ending of a life, 
 whose labors had left their mark upon the literature and piety of 
 his age, and which had made the name of John M. Peck a house- 
 hold word throughout the country. Rev. James Lemen preached 
 
 the funeral discourses commemorative of Dr. Peck's life and labors 
 at Alton, Bethel, Belleville, and one or two other points. 
 
 Since Dr. Peck's pastorate. Rev. D. M. Howell, J. H. Heigh, E. 
 J. Palmer, H. S. Deppe, J. M. Cochran, W. S. Post, L. C. Carr, W. 
 Wright, and W. R. Andereck, who is pastor for half his time, have 
 constituted the succession of pastors of Bethel Church ; and during 
 that period the church, at times, enjoyed great seasons of revivals 
 and large additions to its membership, and at other times expe- 
 rienced depression and discouragement. At this time, under the 
 pastoral care of Rev. W. R. Andereck, who with his family now 
 resides in the parsonage, the condition of the church is satisfactory. 
 Mr. Andereck possesses good natural powers as a speaker, and a 
 liberal culture, and is much esteemed by his congregation and the 
 community. 
 
 With perhaps one or two exceptions, those early members, who bore 
 the heat and burden of the work in making Bethel what it once was 
 and now is, to a certain extent, have passed away. They were noble 
 men and women, whose memories it were well to embalm in gratitude. 
 Among the last of these who died in Bethel community was Joshua 
 Begole. He came to Illinois at an early day, and during a long 
 life contributed largely of his time and means to build up Bethel 
 church and the cause of religion generally in this section of Illinois. 
 Joshua Begole was a man of liberal reading, and served the people 
 in St. Clair county as justice of the peace for many years; married 
 Mary Terry, and settled in St. Clair county, where ihey accumu- 
 lated a handsome competence — reared a large family of children, 
 who were all believers, and seven of whom united with the Baptist 
 Church, and are earnest and liberal supporters of the cause. He 
 was a liberal, earnest Christian, and was esteemed by all who knew 
 him. He united with Bethel Church Aug. 4, 1827, and for nearly 
 half a century he stood by this old church with his means and his toils 
 and his prayers. He died at his residence, a quarter of a mile west of 
 Bethel, March 2, 1874, aged 82 years. His widow, Mrs. Mary Be- 
 gole, who resides at the old homestead, near Bethel, united with 
 Bethel Church Oct. 6, 1827. More than half a century separates 
 her now from that day, but through these long years she has con- 
 tributed with a liberal hand and sincere purpose to the interests of 
 that church, while she has been a generous supporter of the cause of 
 religion generally ; and none, more justly than she, is esteemed for 
 their piety and benevolence. 
 
 Bethel Church has sent out many ministers of the gospel of the 
 Baptist faith. Revs. Joseph Lemen, James Lemen, Sr , Benjamin 
 Ogle, Joel Terry, and several other members of the gospel minis- 
 try, have been ordained, and have gone out from this church to 
 preach the Word of God. The deacons of the church since its or- 
 ganization were, Stephen Terry, Gideon Scanland, Samuel Mc- 
 Clain, John Hart, Elisha Freeman, William Hart, George C. 
 Hart, Samuel Baird, Benjamin Scott, Warren Beedle, James B. 
 Lyons, Augustus Beedle, Samuel Simpson ; and the present deacons 
 are, Levi Piggott and F. B. Lemen. The clerks were, Robert Le- 
 men, Sidney Hart, assistant clerk at one time ; James H. Lemen, 
 G. W. Bowler, S. Whitlock ; and the present clerk, L. W. Beedle. 
 The treasurers were John Cook, Joshua Begole, Warren Beedle, 
 James H. Lemen, present treasurer ; and Gideon S. Lemen. From 
 time to time, the church has renewed its board of trustees by elec- 
 tion. 
 
 Bethel Church is, and always has been, missionary in spirit. It 
 has given thousands since its organization for religious and eleemo- 
 synary purposes ; and it has not been wanting in patriotism. By 
 its record of July 3 1847, we find an act relieving its members who 
 were in the Mexican war from church expenses for soine time, and 
 when some of its members and friends were in the late war, the 
 
166 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 church, or its members, held festivals ftr the purpose of sending 
 extra comforts to their friends at the front ; and on one occasion, 
 with Mr. William Begole as president of the evening, four hun- 
 dred dollars were collected and donated for that purpose. 
 
 Ordinarily, without it is when the pastoral supply is partial, the 
 church holds meetings every Sabbath. Their church meetings 
 occur monthly, the first Saturday, and their communion seasons are 
 observed quarterly. 
 
 Bethel Church is now the oldest Baptist Church in Illinois. The 
 church property consists of a church house, and a few acres of 
 land, on which there are a comfortable house for the pastor and a 
 cemetery. The property is worth S4,000. The church house 
 is in good repair, and has a capacity for six hundred comfortable 
 sittings. The church is well supported and cared for by the de- 
 scendants of its early members, who reside in the vicinity of the 
 church, and who generally belong to it, together with other per- 
 sons who have settled in that locality and united with the church. 
 The financial strength of the membership generally is considerable, 
 and in addition to meeting the obligations of 'maintaining the 
 church, they contribute of their means to a liberal extent in other 
 religious missions. The strength of the church at this time, Feb. 
 1881, consists of 109 members. Usually a Sunday-school is con- 
 ducted at the church, at hours when worship is not in progress, and 
 the interests of the children are thus looked after. At this time the 
 Sunday-school is under the control of F. B. Lemen. In their music, 
 congregational singing has always been the custom at Bethel Church, 
 but for some time this has been reinforced by the organ. 
 
 We have given the scene where the early members of Bethel 
 Church labored ; it is proper to name the spot where they rest. 
 The church have a cemetery near the northern limits of their land, 
 neatly enclosed and taken care of; many of the early laborers of 
 the church are interred elsewhere, but a large number of them rest 
 here ; and if the Christian's hope be not a myth, and his Bible an 
 idle legend — and they certainly are not — they have joined that 
 throng whose faith made the toils of this life, with death and the 
 grave, but steps in their progress to a happier sphere and blessed 
 immortality. They have gone to that reward which God has 
 promised the faithful. 
 
 OLD SILVER CREEK BAPTIST CHUIJCH. 
 
 The old Silver Creek Baptist Church, of Lower Silver Creek, 
 (now extinct), was organized March 21, 1811. The constituent 
 members were Abraham Teter, Mary Teter, Peter Mitchel, Hannah 
 Mitchel, Kebecca Griflin, Mary Eadcliff and Barbara Shook. Peter 
 Mitchel was the first clerk. The ministers who served as pastors 
 at different times were Eevs. Mr. Ross, Gaskili, Joseph Lemen, 
 James Lemen, Moses Lemen, Harris, Howell, Stilwell, Arnott, 
 Keele, .Brown and Huggins. This congregation built a house 
 of worship in 1856, and at that time the membership was 159. By 
 the last record in 1864, there were 62 members; some had united 
 with the Baptist church at Freeburg, some went to Fayetteville, 
 some to Mascoutah and elsewhere, and through those causes the or- 
 ganization of the church became extinct. But its influence had ac- 
 complished much good ; and indirectly that influence yet lives and 
 is exerted elsewhere through its old members or their descendants, 
 who are members of the Baptist faith elsewhere. 
 
 THE FREEBURG BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 Rev. H. S. Deppe preached the first sermon in Freeburg, late in 
 the year 1856. The 4th of January, 1857, he organized a church 
 there, called the Freeburg Baptist Church. The constituent members 
 were Solomon Teter, Jacob Wilderman, Joseph Hill, Elizabeth Hill, 
 
 Theresa Wilderman, Sarah Thrift, Polly Griffin, Patience Lemen 
 and Elizabeth Hill. Rev. H. S. Deppe preached for the church 
 for six years. Rev. John Peters for two years, when Rev. H. S. 
 Deppe was chosen pastor again, and preached five years. Rtv. 
 John Peters followed for one year, when Rev. H. S. Deppe was 
 again chosen pastor, and after six months resigned. Rev. Mr. 
 Jackson preached for a short period in 1875 to this church. Rev. 
 H. S. Deppe was again chosen as pastor, and served the church for 
 two years. In 1879, Rev. Mr. Wright preached some eight months. 
 In May, 1880, the church again elected Rev. H. 8. Deppe pas- 
 tor, since which time he has been preaching there. Solomon Teter 
 has served the church as deacon ever since it was constituted. Joseph 
 Hill, now deceased, was also deacon. After Mr. Hill died, Lewis 
 Holcomb was chosen as deacon, and served until his death. John 
 T. Lemen was church clerk from its organization until 1869, when 
 G. C. Paterson was chosen, and served until 1871. Robert Lemen 
 was clerk until 1873 ; F. Holcomb until 1874. A. Anthony was 
 acting clerk a few months. Lewis Holcomb was then chosen, and 
 served until his death in 1880, after which W. A. Wilderman was 
 chosen clerk, and is now serving. 
 
 The meeting-house has a capacity of some 300 sittings. It is 
 worth, with its two lots, $2,000. The church increased in numbers 
 till 1869 when its membership was 160 ; but removals and death 
 have reduced the number, while a few have been excluded. The 
 present membership is 76. The county is peopled largely by Ger- 
 man-Americans, who generally adhere to their own churches, which 
 in some sections make it difficult for the English Baptist churches 
 to increase in numbers. The church maintains a Sunday-school of 
 40 scholars. 
 
 Rev. H. S. Deppe, of Freeburg, who was the chief mover in call- 
 ing this church into organization, has been one among the leading 
 Baptist ministers of Southern Illinois for many years. He is of 
 German nativity, and is a liberal German scholar, and a good 
 English scholar, being a man of vast reading in everything pertain- 
 ing to sacred literature. He is an eloquent and forcible speaker, a 
 devoted minister of Christ and a successful evangelist. He has or- 
 ganized many churches, and his preaching has added hundreds to 
 the Baptist faith in Illinois. 
 
 This church contains a number of active, faithful workers in the 
 Baptist cause. Prominent among them is Solomon Teter, a man 
 eminent for his piety and devotion to religious interests, and com- 
 manding the confidence and esteem of the churches and the com- 
 munity throughout the county. On the list of its members who 
 have passed away, are also the names of some who toiled for the 
 church, and whose Christian lives exercised a wide influence with 
 the people of the community. John T. Lemen, who for a long 
 period was a member of this church, was a faithful Christian, whose 
 large means and influence did much for the Baptist cause and for 
 the general interests of religion and learning in St. Clair county. 
 He was universally esteemed by all who knew him, and in his death 
 the Baptist churches and the community throughout the county 
 lost a strong man. Lewis Holcomb, clerk and deacon of this chui ch 
 at the time of his death, was another good and faithful worker in 
 the interests of this church, and highly esteemed by his brethren 
 and the community generally. 
 
 THE O' FALLON BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The Baptist Church at O'Fallon, was organized January 20, 
 1867, by Rev. H. S. Deppe, Rev. J. W. Swift and Rev. D. D. 
 Roach ; messengers from the sister churches of Bethel, Belleville, 
 Collinsville, Oak Hill and Lebanon attending. The constituent 
 members were : Rev. D. D. Roach, A J. Roach, C. Roach, Geo. W. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 167 
 
 Darrow, Drusilla Darrow, L. Simmons, Jane Smiley, E. Enda, W. 
 S. Scott, Mary E. Scott, Mieah A. Scott, Mary Scott, John J. Scott, 
 SallLe B. Scott and Edwin Swift. 
 
 At the first meeting after organization the following trustees vwre 
 elected : Geo. W. Darrow, W. S. Scott, J. G. Scott, and at the same 
 meeting the latter was chosen church clerk. The first deacons were 
 J. W. Shook, "W. S. Scott and J. G. Scott. 
 
 The church edifice cost $4,050.50, and the house was dedicated and 
 the church recognized June 23, 1867. Dr. D. Eead preached the 
 dedicatory sermon ; and in the evening Kev. H. S. Deppe preached 
 a sermon, after which the brethren constituting the O Fallon 'Bap- 
 tist Church, were recognized as a Baptist Church of the regular 
 fitith and order. Eev. J. W. Swift was chosen as the first pastor, 
 and served about two years. Rev. T. W. Green followed Rev. 
 Swift as pastor for a few months, when he resigned and the church 
 elected Rev. H. S. Deppe, who served half his time for a period. 
 Rev. Mr. Cole followed as pastor, and succeeding him Rev Mr. 
 Evans served. Rev. Mr. Wright followed Mr. Evans, and Rev. 
 AV. R. Andereck of Bethel, followed Mr. Wright, and is now pastor 
 for half time. 
 
 The clerks of the church were J. G. Scott, 8. H. Wiggins, J. D. 
 Hodge, 8. B. Daniels, and Evan Davis, in the order mentioned. 
 Geo. W. Darrow is deacon. 
 
 There is yet some $600 indebtedness ou the church house. The 
 house will seat 400 persons. The present membership is 
 25. The present condition of the church is that of peace and 
 brotherly good feeling. Value of the church property about $3500. 
 The Marissa Baptist church, of Marissa, , St. Clair county, was 
 organized March 9, 1875, at the close of a protracted meeting held 
 by Rev. J. C. Wilson. The constituent members of this church 
 were, M. W. Borders, James W. Stewart, Mary Stewart, John W. 
 Wells, J. S. Short, John W. Hesker, Louisa Hesker, H. J. Stein, 
 heimer, Josephine R. Steinheimer, Robert C Wyllie, James W. 
 Green, Wm. Stewart, Geo. W. Rector, Chas. Gates, Samuel IT- 
 Morris, John Bredenhoeft, Jesse Campbell, Robt. J. Vaughn, E. 
 Alice Coulter and Mattie E. Burns. 
 
 Arrangements were immediately made for building a house of 
 worship, and John W. Hesker, James W. Green and John W. 
 Wells were elected trustees. A church was built costing $8500, 
 having a seating capacity of about 300. 
 
 The Deacons of the church, chosen soon after its organization, are 
 James W. Stewart, J. 8. Short, and John W. Wells. Rev. J. C. 
 Wilson continued to serve as pastor of the church until the fall of 
 1875, and was succeeded in the spring of 1876, by Rev. J. M.Ben- 
 nett, who was pastor until the fall of 1878. Mr. Bennett was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. W. A. Jarral, who supplied the church half his 
 time, preaching also for the Baptist church at Pinckneyville. Mr. 
 Jarral moved to Texas in the summer of 1880, having received a 
 call from the Baptist church -of Weatherford in that state. In Sept. 
 1880, Rev. Jacob Cole undertook the pastoral care of ihe church, 
 dividing his time between this church and the Baptist church at 
 Oak Hill, in this county. 
 
 At the organization of this church the Baptist strength here was 
 reinforced by the addition of a large number of persons who had 
 never before belonged to that faith. With the exception of James 
 W. Stewart, J. S. Short, H. J. Steinheimer, Josephine Steinheimer^ 
 and George Rector, the constituent members of the church consisted 
 of such persons. During the few years in which the church has 
 been in existence, nearly all the active members of the former Bap- 
 tist church at New Athens, have been received on their statement 
 of former membership. The entire membership of the church since 
 its organization has been one hundred and twelve. The present 
 
 membership, Feb. 1, 1881, is seventy-two. The church is entirely 
 out of debt, a greater part of the cost of the building having been 
 donated by the members themselves. 
 
 The condition of the church is peaceful, and the promise for it to 
 continue to grow in influence and strength is hopeful. After the 
 organization of this church, a considerable number of Baptist 
 people, who belonged to a church at New Athens, united with this 
 congregation, and the organization at New Athens was dissolved. 
 
 The Baptist church of Oak Hill, located two and a half miles east of 
 O'Fallon in St. Clair county, in a beautiful and fertile farming district, 
 was organized February 10, 1851, by elder R. Keele, aided by dea- 
 cons Martin and Butler Badgely. The following are the names of the 
 constituent members : Madison Ely, Rosella Ely, Wm. D. Ross, 
 Emaline Ross, Sarah Ross, G. W. Darrow. The first ofiicers. Rev. 
 R. Keele, pastor, G. W. Darrow, cleiki The meetings of this body 
 were held in the Oak Hill school-house until November 12, 1854, 
 when the present church-house, costing $1260, was completed and 
 formally opened for worship by the Rev. J. M. Peck assisted by 
 elder Keele. The church increased in members until at the close 
 of the year 1857, the number of members was sixty-nine, (69) and 
 at that time great interest was manifested in the welfare of the good 
 Gauge. The future seemed bright, the church was in perfect harmony 
 and worked together in fellowship and love. Rev. Wm. Storrs was 
 unanimoudy chosen pastor. Such a feeling dwelt in the hearts of 
 the people that the Rev. J. M. Peck in his remarks during the 
 exercise of inducting Rev. Storrs into the pastoral office ; and in 
 view of his declining years, adopted the language of Simeon, " Lord, 
 now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, for my eyes have seen 
 thy salvation," and " a more interesting meeting was never held in 
 this settlement," as affirmed by elder Peck. But this state of things 
 was not destined to exist long. In the year 1858, from imaginary 
 or real causes, or perhaps both, quite a number of members refused 
 to fellowship, or recognize the authority of the church, and were 
 necessarily excluded. This caused a great many unchristian words 
 and acts, and from this time the progress of the church was slow 
 until 1861, when D. Mason Howell was chosen pastor. He began 
 his work under very inauspicious circumstances. But he was a 
 man whose soul was filled with love to God and man ; a man whose 
 unceasing prayers, and labor, and love God was pleased to bless by 
 the restoration of those gone astray ; and by the addition 
 of fifty-eight, by experience and baptism. Perhaps no pastor 
 ever commanded a more unanimous love and respect, than 
 Rev. Howell did of the Oak Hill people. But in the midst of his 
 successful work God saw fit in his wisdom to call him to his re- 
 ward. 
 
 From the time of Rev. Howell's death until 1867, nothing oc- 
 curred to disturb the harmony of the church ; and during the year 
 1866, quite a number of the young people were converted under the 
 preaching of elders French and Swift. January 25, 1867, a 
 number of the most active members withdrew by letter to join the 
 O'Fallon church, which was organized at that time. During the 
 time intervening 1867, and the present time the history of the 
 church is much the same as that of other churches ; we have had a 
 number of gracious revivals, and many precious souls have added 
 their testimony as to God's goodness. Also many who were former- 
 ly the pillars of the church have been called to lay down their ar- 
 mor, and enter into that rest prepared by God for his people. Ser- 
 vices are held regularly every Sabbath-day ; if no pastor is present 
 it is a prayer and conference meeting. Also the weekly Friday- 
 night prayer-meeting has been regularly observed for many years. 
 The present membership numbers ninety. 
 
 Present value of church property about $1000. The church has 
 
168 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 sustained a Sunday-school weekly throughout the whole year with 
 varyiug interest for many years. The church buildiug will acconi- 
 m idate about 300 people. 
 
 DATK OP SEEVIOE 
 BEGINNING. 
 
 NAMES OF PASTORS, 
 
 DEACONS. 
 
 1851, 
 
 E. Keele. 
 
 Wm. D. Ross, or- 
 
 G. W. Darrow to 
 
 until 
 
 r Wm. D. Ross. \ 
 \ Madison Ely. / 
 
 dained Feb. 12, '54. 
 
 Oct. 1854 
 
 June 1854, 
 
 r Jno. Rader. \ 
 iLevi Elliott. J 
 
 H M. Peck until 
 
 until 
 
 
 Jan. 12, 1856, then 
 
 Dec. 12, 1857, then 
 
 Wm. Storrs. 
 
 ord'd Oct. 15, '54. 
 
 J. M. Peck, 
 
 uniil 
 
 
 
 until 
 
 April 1859, then 
 
 J. W. Thwing. 
 
 Wm. Simons, from 
 
 November 1857, 
 
 until 
 
 
 Red Bud, May 10, 
 
 then 
 
 1860. then 
 
 Jno. Shepherd. 
 
 1851. 
 
 P. C. Culver 
 
 until 
 
 
 
 until 
 
 1861, then 
 
 until 
 1865, then 
 
 D. M. Howell. 
 
 
 March 1860. 
 
 H. S. Deppe. 
 
 f W. A. Darrow. \ 
 ■ Joab Elliott. / 
 
 Horace Simons 
 
 until 
 
 
 until 
 
 1866, then 
 
 N. Kinney. 
 
 ordained May 14, 
 
 July 13, 1861. 
 
 until 
 
 
 1877. 
 
 
 1867, then 
 
 Wm. Ross. 
 
 
 S. W. Peach 
 
 until 
 
 
 
 until 
 
 1868, then 
 
 J. M. Cochran. 
 
 
 January 1862. 
 
 until 
 
 
 
 
 1870, then 
 
 Ross and Deppe. 
 
 Wm. S. Scott, from 
 
 W. A. Darrow 
 
 until 
 
 
 O'Fallon. 
 
 until 
 
 1872, [hen 
 until 
 
 J. Cole. 
 
 
 February 18C3. 
 
 1874, then 
 
 H. S. Deppe. 
 
 Wm. Peach from 
 
 Wm. Peach, from 
 
 until 
 
 
 New Hope, Nov. 
 
 New Hope, Nov. 
 
 1877, then 
 
 J. M. Billingsly. 
 
 1857. 
 
 '.b1, until Nov. '65. 
 
 until 
 
 
 
 J. G.Scott, Feb. '67. 
 
 1878, then 
 
 H. S. Deppe. 
 
 
 
 until 
 
 
 
 Wm. Peach 
 
 18S0, then 
 until 
 1881. 
 
 J. Cole 
 
 
 until 1880. 
 
 
 
 H. E. Patterson. 
 
 This church is situated in a beautiful portion of the county, sur- 
 rounded by well-to-do faimcrs ar.d others, who are liberal sup- 
 porters of the Baptist cause. Many historical associations cluster 
 around the vicinity, where it is located, as being the place where 
 the illustrious Dr. Peck resided for a good portion of his life ; and 
 by reason of this an influence for good in the Baptist cause radiated, 
 which was felt throughout Illinois and the West. The ch»rch has 
 accomplifched a mission of great good, and the element of strength 
 it yet possesses may well be considered as an auspicious augury for 
 yet greater progress in the Master's cause. 
 
 THE EICHLAND BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The Richland Baptist Church, situated one and a half miles south- 
 east of Smithton, was constituted by Rev. Henry Ross and Nathan 
 Arnott, at the house of George W. Carr, April 23, 1842. The con- 
 stituent members were William Sanders, Marinda Smith, Sarah Hol- 
 roid, Sarah Tiner and Hannah Arnott. The first church meeting was 
 held at the house of Abner Carr, May 7, 1842. Rev. N. Arnott 
 was clerk, pro tem., at this meeting, and was chosen pastor of this 
 church July 9, 1842. Nathaniel Smith was appointed clerk of the 
 church at the same meeting, and served in that capacity until his 
 resignation, Jan. 14, 1854. 
 
 John Woods, Jr., was ordained deacon of the church October 8, 
 1842. On the 12th of November, 1842, Runion Zuick, Conrad G. 
 Carr and Nathaniel Smith were appointed a building committee to 
 superintend the building of the Richland church-house ; and June 
 10, 1843, William Rettinghouse, John Woods and John Retting- 
 house were appointed Trustees. In encouragement of this enter- 
 prise, Nathaniel Smith deeded a tract of land containing three 
 acres to the church Trustees for the use of the church. 
 
 Rev. Nathan Arnott was elected a second time as pastor July 8, 
 1843, and again July 13, 1844. On August 10, 1844, John Woods 
 was released from the office of deacon. On March 8, 1845, the first 
 mooting occurred in the new meeting-house ; previously to this the 
 
 meetings were held at private houses. June 14, 1845, John Woods 
 asked to be released from the office of trustee, and Jefferson Wild- 
 erman was appointed in his place. Rev. Nathan Arnott was cho- 
 sen pastor for the fourth time, July 12, 1845. On April 11, 1846, 
 George W. Carr was ordained deacon of the church. Rev. D. L. 
 Phillips was chosen pastor of the church August 8, 1 846, and served 
 until February 9, 1850, when he resigned. Joel Robertson was 
 considered one of the deacons in 1847, June 12, as he was deacon 
 of the church to which he formerly belonged. 
 
 Rev. Nathan Arnott served as pastor from February 9, 1850 to 
 April 12, 1851, when Rev. Samuel Roach followed with a term of 
 pastoral service, who was followed by Rev. H. S. Deppe, who was 
 chosen pastor July 11, 1852. Rev. D. M. Howell was called to the 
 pastorate August 13, 1853; and Rev. Nathan Arnott was again 
 chosen December 10, 1853. G W. Carr was chosen church clerk 
 January 14. 1854, and John W. Wright, April 8, 1854, followed 
 by Harmon Holcomb, September 9, 1854. 
 
 Rev. G. F. Stilwell was chosen as pastor December 9, 1854 ; and 
 Rev. H. S. Deppe was elected a second time to the pastorate May 
 10, 1856. After April 11, 1857, until August 12, 1871, the church 
 held no meetings. At the latter date Timothy O. Holcomb and 
 Nathan S. Robertson were appointed church Trustees, Rev. J. M. 
 Cochran acting as Moderator, and A. O. Miller as clerk. January 
 6, 1874, the members of Richland and High Prairie churches met, 
 and by agreement, were united as one church, to be known as the 
 " Old Richland Church." Rev. M. J. Badgley acted as Moderator 
 at this meeting. John McCulley, who was deacon of the High 
 Prairie church, after the churches united, continued as a deacon in 
 this church until his death, January 15, 1875. A. O. Miller served 
 as clerk until March 14, 1874, when he resigned. Rev. Thomas 
 Deck was chosen as pastor January 14, 1874 ; and on March 14, 
 1874, N. S. Robertson was appointed clerk. Rev. Daniel Shipraan 
 was called to the pastorate March 4, 1876 ; and B. C. Retting' 
 house and N. S. Robertson were chosen deacons of the church Au. 
 gust 27, 1876- In 1877, May 12, Rev. Daniel Shipman was elected 
 pastor for the second time, and resigned the charge September 8, 
 1877. Rev. Tolbert Smirls was chosen October 13, 1877, and 
 served until October 11, 1879. In 1879, October 11, Rev. Daniel 
 Shipman was again chosen to the pastorate, and is now serving the 
 church. 
 
 The Superintendents of the Sabbath-school, at Richland, were 
 Nathaniel Smith, Ellas Miller, John Rettinghouse and George 
 Woods. For the past year or more there has been no Sabbath- 
 school. The church house is a brick building 30x40 feet, which is 
 now much damaged by yielding of the foundation, and is of but 
 little value. 
 
 The present numerical strength of the church is fifty-seven mem- 
 bers. 
 
 THE LEBANON BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 
 In and preceding 1856, the Baptists of Lebanon realized the ne- 
 cessity of establishing a church there, and at a little later 
 period they built a good house of worship in that city. The 
 membership is not numerous, and at times they are without pastoral 
 services, while at other times meetings are held regularly, and the 
 church and Sabbath-school interests prosper. Preston Peach is 
 church clerk at this time. The church house is a good building, of 
 capacity of some three hundred or more sittings. 
 
 Among the ministers who labored in building up this church was 
 Rev. J. H. High, the celebrated blind preacher, who, at a period 
 from 1856 to some years later, labored with the Baptist churches in 
 this section of Illinois. He was a man of profound reading, ac- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 169 
 
 quired chiefly by others reading for him, naturally eloquent, and a 
 speaker of remarkable force and pathos. 
 
 THE NEW SILVER CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 
 Was organized at Grifiin's School House, on Silver creek, St. 
 Clair county, March 5, 1872, and comprised nineteen members. 
 Previous to that time, G. W. Darrow, of Oak Hill community, 
 near O'Fallon, an able and devoted worker in the Baptist church 
 and Sunday-school interests of St. Clair county, organized a Sunday- 
 school at that place ; and some time later, he and Rev. H. S. Deppe 
 conducted a meeting there which resulted in quite a number of con- 
 versions, and the organization of the church followed. Rev. H. S. 
 Deppe served as pastor at one time. Rev. W. A. Manville and 
 Rev. Mr. Roach also served it as pastors. The church prospered 
 for awhile, but has now declined, until but four members remain in 
 the neighborhood. 
 
 THE NEW HOPE BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 
 Located nine miles south-west of Belleville, in St. Clair county, 
 was constituted at a private dwelling in thecommunity, in 1854, by 
 Rev. R. C. Keele, who was assisted by other ministers. Rev. R. C. 
 Keele was its first pastor, and several other ministers served it in 
 that relation afterwards- The church prospered for some time, and 
 the membership built a house of worship. 
 
 Among the membership were Judge James Primm and family, 
 the Ballard family, William Peach and wife, and others, who were 
 good workers in the cause* of religion. Judge Primm now lives near 
 Pinckneyville, Perry county ; William Peach and family removed 
 and located near O'Fallon ; and by reason of removals, and other 
 causes, the church has now declined. 
 
 Rev. R C. Keele, who assisted to constitute this church, and 
 who for some time was its pastor, is an able minister and a success- 
 ful evangelist : he has, by his missionary work and able gospel ser- 
 mons, largely aided the Baptist cause in this county and throughout 
 this section of Illinois. He now resides at Salem, Marion county, 
 Illinois. 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Belleville, 111., was organized Sept. 
 17th, 1831, by Rev. James Pulliam and others. He preached for 
 them till 1834. 
 
 From that time Elders Davis, James Lemen, Joseph Lemen, and 
 Arnett preached for the church until 1840. 
 
 We have been unable to learn from the church records, the date 
 of the organization of the Sunday-school connected with this 
 church. 
 
 The first reference to the Sabbath-school is found in the minutes 
 Dec. 1839 ; and the fact is stated that a Superintendent was ap- 
 pointed by the church at that time. Note this fact. It is the true 
 position for the church to take in regard to the Sunday-school. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Peck was elected Pastor at this time, and served the 
 church two years. He was a great and good man. This county 
 was his home and the scene of his labors many years before he went 
 on high. 
 
 The following minute was made April 20th, 1844: "Be it or- 
 dered that Elder James Pulliam be appointed to attend to the poor 
 members of the church." 
 
 This resolution embodies a scriptural principle which is essential 
 to a Gospel church and very salutary when carried out in the spirit 
 of Christ. 
 
 At the same meeting it was "ordered that Elder W. F. Boyakin, 
 John G. Short, John W. Pulliam and John D. Hughes be appoint- 
 22 
 
 ed a committee to circulate a subscription paper to see what amount 
 of funds can be raised towards building a Baptist meeting-house in 
 the town of Belleville." 
 
 These brethren, with Elder James Pulliam and Thomas James, 
 were appointed "a Building Committee, May 18th, 1844, with full 
 power and authority to contract for building a meeting-house in the 
 town of Belleville, of such dimensions as they might in their judg- 
 ment deem best for the benefit of the church." Sept. 21st, 1844, 
 Bro. David Phillips made application for license to preach the Gos- 
 pel, which was granted Oct. 19th, of the same year. 
 
 Rev. VV. F. Boyakin was the next pastor. He continued in office 
 till June, 1847. 
 
 Then Rev. J. M. Peck was elected pastor the second time, and 
 served them till Feb. 1849. 
 
 Sept. 20th, 1845, the Building Committee made their final report, 
 which was received and the committee discharged. This was the 
 first meeting held in the new house of worship. According to the 
 minutes, the dedication sermon was preached by Elder James Lemen 
 on the same day. 
 
 It was characteristic of our brethren in that time to dedicate 
 their houses of worship with but little ceremony and ostentation. 
 
 Sept. 27th, 1845, the new meeting-house was tendered to the 
 Baptist Sunday-school, Bible class, singing societies, and to preach- 
 ers of all orthodox denominations. 
 
 Jan. 16th, 1847, each member was required to attend every church 
 meeting. This rule is wise and salutary. If I had been present I 
 would have moved the following amendment, "every meeting of the 
 church." The pastor of the church was required, on Feb. 20th, 
 1847, to visit each member once every three months and report to 
 the church the state and condition of every member. 
 
 This is another judicious rule when carefully observed. Rev. J. 
 M. Peck, pastor, August 19th, 1848, " named to the church that it 
 was his duty to call the roll of the members, and thereupon pro- 
 ceeded and noted the delinquents." Why wouldn't this be a good 
 rule for pastors now ? 
 
 "It was ordered, June 16th, 1849, that a collection be taken up 
 the first Sunday of each month for missionary purposes, to be divid- 
 ed between the Missionary Union and the Domestic Missions." 
 
 Rev. Jason Corwiu was pastor 1849 and 1850. Rev. H. E. Hem- 
 sted served the church a little over a year. His period of service 
 closed Sept. 26th, 1852. Oct. 16th, 1852, T. A. Morton was elected 
 pastor. Elder James Pulliam asked permission of the church to 
 build a steeple and to furnish a bell at his own expense, April 16th, 
 
 1853. 
 
 " The Lord loveth a cheerful giver.'' 
 
 It is much more praiseworthy to volunteer generous services than 
 to wait to be urged and persuaded to do them. 
 
 But it is never right for oue noble heart to give all for a worthy 
 object, when there are others in the same church who give nothing. 
 
 Giving to the cause of Christ is a privilege and duty, and when 
 performed in the right spirit is as much an act of worship as pray- 
 ing. The citizens of Belleville put a clock in the steeple May 19th, 
 
 1854. 
 
 The church adopted the following resolution, March 24th, 1855, 
 viz. : "to put a baptistery in the church and to build a parsonage." 
 The baptistery was built, but the pastor, Bro. Morton, bought a 
 
 house for himself. 
 
 On July 21st, 1855, this important principle was expressed: "That 
 no person can discharge his duties to God and his brethren while 
 out of church relationship." This scriptural sentiment sharply re- 
 proves those who though once members of the church, subsequently 
 have neglected or refused to sustain this relation, while they still 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 claim to be Christians. It also condemns all Christians who have 
 never united with the church. The church would not receive a 
 letter that had been granted more than three months without satis- 
 factory explanation. 
 
 Again they refused to grant letters unless the application was 
 manifestly clear and proper. The following resolution was passed 
 Sept. 23d, 1855 ; " That any member of our church who does not 
 contribute, shall be dealt with for covetousness." In this connec- 
 tion the church recommended a weekly offering according to the 
 Apostle's direction. In March, 1856, the church made an appoint- 
 ment according to the tax lists, which showed that they would have 
 to pay $1.40 on the $100.00. There were 176 members then, and 
 the taxable property owned by the church was $71,632, 
 
 Bro. James H. Ripley was elected deacon Feb. 28th, 1857. 
 Elders James and D. M. Howell each preached to the church for^a 
 short time. Elder E. Dodson was elected pastor June 20th, 1857. 
 The church decided Jan. 16th, 1858, to hold a covenant meeting at 
 three p. m., ou Sabbath after the regular church meeting, 
 
 Bro. Chas. Gooding was elected deacon Aug. 21st, 1858. Dec, 
 16th, 1860, James H. Ripley, Chas. Gooding and William Pulliam 
 were ordained deacons. Elder H. S. Deppe served the church 
 for several years. Rev. W. Iv- Jerman was pastor in 1860. The 
 church for many years took up a collection every Sunday morning 
 for church purposes. This custom was discontinued Jan. 21st, 
 1860. It was restored however May 17th, 1862, with the modify- 
 ing clause, that the money was to be used for incidental purposes 
 alone. 
 
 The discipline of the church in this period was Scriptural. The 
 minutes generally begin j "Church in peace," e:^cept, <fec., and 
 close, " Dismissed in fellowship." No church can be pure and ef- 
 ficient without prompt and judicious discipline. 
 
 Sept. 13th, 1863, Thomas S. Mire was licensed to preach. The 
 church voted Feb. 20th, 1864, that a,bsence six months without a 
 satisfactory excu.se, warrants exclusion. This rule if kjndly enforced 
 would lop off many useless branches and cause others to live and 
 bear fruit. 
 
 License to preach was granted to Wm. Glover June, 1864. May 
 20th, 1871, Brethren Frederick Merrells and M. T. Stookey were 
 elected deacons. 
 
 The coupon system of raising money for church expenses was 
 adopted March 16th, 1872. March 21st, 1872, the purchase of a 
 parsonage was again agitated by the church, but was not accom- 
 plished. 
 
 The envelope system was adopted for meeting church expenses 
 Dec. 20th, 1873. 
 
 John Longhouser was licensed to preach Jan. 17tl), 1880. I 
 have mentioned the names of the pastors in the chronological order 
 found in the minutes, except Peters, W. Green, Cyrus Thomaa, W. 
 S. Post and John Powell, for the reason that these belong to the 
 immediate past, and to do justice to them and the church under 
 their ministrations would extend this fragmentary history beyond 
 the prescribed limits. 
 
 It will be fifty years next September since this church was organ- 
 i?ed. She has had twenty pastors, serving on an average two years 
 and a half. Short pastorates are unfortunate for the church and 
 pastor generally. They show that there is something wrong in the 
 church, or pastor, perhaps in both in many instances. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 During the entire history of the church so far as I have been 
 able to determine, two hundred and twelve have joined by letter, 
 four hundred have been baptized, ninety-four have been excluded, 
 
 and two hundred and twenty-eight have been dismissed by letter. 
 The present membership of the church is 173. The house of wor- 
 ship was finished and occupied the first time Sept. 20th, 1845, had 
 become dilapidated and unfit for use. And as the church had an 
 opportunity of selling it at a fair price, they did so last July. 
 
 The old Baptist house of worship has been remodeled and con- 
 verted into an agricultural warehouse by McCormic & Co. A 
 more desirable lot was purchased last fall for the new building. 
 The walls are up and ready for the roof The new Baptist meet- 
 ing-house is larger, more modern in style and better adapted in 
 every respect to the purpose designed, than the old edifice. When 
 finished, the new church will be one of the neatest, most comfort- 
 able and tasty in the city of Belleville. 
 
 Rev. John Powell, who furnished the above data of the First 
 Baptist Church of Belleville, and who was pastor of that church 
 for some time, is a devoted minister of the Gospel, and commands 
 the confidence and esteem of every community where he ever labor- 
 ed. He is a man of liberal culture on all themes, and thoroughly 
 versed in sacred literature ; and as a speaker to expound the Gos- 
 pel and urge its precepts of doctrine, discipline and grace upon the 
 minds of men, he stands in the front ranks of the Baptist ministers 
 of the State. 
 
 THE UNITY UNITED BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 In the early dawn of the present century the Baptist people es- 
 tablished a settlement a few miles north-east of Belleville, and 
 there has been an organized congregation in that vicinity, who at 
 stated times has worshipped under the forms of the Baptist faith 
 without any very great intermission for nearly eighty years. In 
 the homes of the early settlers near Richland Creek was organized 
 the first Baptist church in St. Clair County ; and the good influ- 
 ences which this event called into action are yet felt and exhibited 
 in that community ; for nearly three generations there, with but 
 few years excepted, the groves along Richland Creek and vicinity 
 have heard and echoed on each recurring Sabbath the prayer and 
 praise and song of Baptist worship. 
 
 At an early day the noble pioneer families of the Badgleys, 
 Whitesides, Shooks, and some others settled in the vicinity of the 
 present Unity Baptist Church. They consisted of a noble band of 
 men and women, whose religion and whose noble energy and tire- 
 less industry -were most potent factors in iuflnence for good in the 
 county and state. Those early Christians have long since passed 
 away. It has been half a century since some of them entered 
 that rest which God has promised his faithful children ; while at 
 later times they have all one by one passed that vail which shuts 
 out the infinite from mortal vision, and for many a year been' 
 praising their Redeemer in the land of light and song. But the 
 noble influence of these faithful men and women, who laid the first 
 foundations of civilized government in this then western wilderness, 
 and sanctified it with the benign light of religion, yet lives and 
 sheds its hallowed fragrance on the hearts and minds of those who 
 are striving to emulate their noble example. 
 
 The descendants of those early families, many of whom reside in 
 the vicinity of Unity Church, with other members of the Baptist 
 faith who had located in that community, were the immediate 
 founders of the Unity United Baptist Church, and they largely 
 composed its constituent membership. This church was constituted 
 September 8, 1850, by Revs. R. C. Keele and J. V. Rhoads. The 
 members built a very good church house about four and a 
 Jialf miles north-east of Belleville, where they held worship with a 
 reasonable degree of regularity on the Sabbath days, and where 
 sessions of the church met at stated intervals for the transaction of 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 171 
 
 business. The interests of the church prospered : but a great 
 calamity in the burning of their church house befell thera a few 
 years ago. Such a loss would have discouraged some churches of 
 less piety and devotion in the Master's cause, but it had no such 
 eifect on the worthy, active membership of Unity Church. They 
 surveyed the disaster, and scarcely were the ruins cold until they 
 declared for building another church : which noble resolution they 
 made good without delay. It required a large outlay to build 
 a new house, but the members did their duty well, and their friends 
 gave some assistance, and in due time they completed their new 
 house of worship. It is very neatly constructed, will accommodate \ 
 from 250 to 300 people, and stands near or about on the site of the 
 first house. On the south of the house is a beautiful grove, and the 
 surrounding country consists of fertile farming lands with here and 
 there a forest grove. The neighborhood is settled by well-to-do 
 farmers and others, who give the church a generous support, and 
 who largely attend its meetings. 
 
 The pastoral succession of this church were Revs. R. C Keele, 
 John Brown, J V. Rhoads, T. N. Marsh, S B. Gulp, and Wm. H. 
 M'Cann — a band of able, devoted ministers of the Gospel, whose 
 nam33 and labors stand high on the lists of merit among the 
 Baptist workers of Illinois. The church prospered under the 
 pastoral care of each and all of these : there were, of course, times 
 of depression, as in all other churches, when the interest would de- 
 cline, but the general tendency of the church under their several 
 administrations was in the direction of strength and progress. At 
 times glorious revivals of religion would visit the church, and 
 scores of anxious sinners would press forward for prayers, and 
 many would experience a change of heart and unite with the 
 church. 
 
 On the rolls of the church were the names of some noble workers 
 in God's vineyard, whom the Master has taken unto himself: while 
 among its members who yet battle for the church militant, are 
 many good laborers in the Master's cause. Prominent among these 
 is Warren Beedle, sen., one of the noble band who helped to main- 
 tain and make Bethel Church, but is now a member in Unity 
 Church, having transferred his membership by letter from Bethel 
 Church to the latter church, from motives implying no want of 
 fellowship with his Bethel brethren. He is a man of large reading, 
 liberal, wealthy, and highly esteemed by all who know him. He 
 is eloquent and able in prayer and exhortation, and is an able 
 worker in the Baptist cause and religious missions generally. He 
 and his excellent Christian wife, Mary Beedle, live at their resi- 
 dence on their farm some five and a half miles north and a little 
 east of Belleville. Their sons and daughters— 'all married — are 
 ' influential active Christians. As a family — parents and children 
 —they have done much to sustain the Baptist cause. W. L. 
 Beedle, a son, is clerk of Bethel Baptist Church ; and Samuel 
 Beedle, another son, is one of the most active and influential mem- 
 bers of that church. 
 
 After the church organized, it elected its trustees, deacons, clerk 
 and treasurer, and from time to time as occasion required or 
 vacancies occurred, it filled those offices again. It has held 
 Sabbath worship with the usual regularity of our other Baptist 
 churches, which at times are without pastoral services, and its 
 business sessions occur at stated intervals on Saturdays. The pre- 
 sent numerical strength consists of fifty members. S. P. Badgley 
 is its present clerk. Congregational singing is the prevailing mode 
 in the music of the church. Death and removals, as in all the 
 other churches, have at times reduced the membership in this 
 church, but by other additions its strength is renewed and increased. 
 This church has accomplished a mission of great good, and the pro- 
 
 mises are auspicious that it will yet do much more in the good 
 Master's cause. 
 
 THE SOUTH DISTRICT BAPTIST ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The South District Baptist Association at this time coraprisas the 
 Bethel, Belleville, O'Fallon, East, St. Louis, Oak Hill, Freeburg, 
 Lebanon, Richland, Collinsville, Pleasant Ridge and Troy Baptist 
 Churches. The latter three are in Madison County. The Asso- 
 ciation was organized in 1820 and meets annually, on the Thurs- 
 day before the first Sabbath in September, around from time to 
 time at the different churches in the district ; and its meetings held 
 continually until the following Sunday. It is composed of the 
 ministers and pastors of the several churches in the district, to- 
 gether with such members as the several churches may respectively 
 appoint as delegates or messengers. The objects are the discus- 
 sion of and associated eflTorts in the general interests of religion 
 and educational missions. 
 
 Its sixtieth anniversary was held at Bethel Church last year — 
 1880, September 5, 6, 7, 8. The officers were Rev. John Powell, 
 Belleville, Moderator ; Rev. W. R. Andereck, Collinsville, Clerk ; 
 and Deacon Charles Gooding, Belleville, Treasurer. The officers 
 are chosen annually. The next meeting of the Association will be 
 held at Troy Baptist Church, on Thursday before the first Sabbath 
 in September, 1881. The introductory sermon will be preached by 
 Rev. J. Cole, of Champaign. 
 
 The Baptist churches in the Southern part of the county gene- 
 rally belong to associations in connection with Baptist churches, 
 beyond the Southern limits of the county. 
 
 The following gentlemen— ^leading members of the Baptist faith 
 — have rendered much assistance in collecting and preparing the 
 data in the foregoing sketch of the Baptist churches in St. Clair 
 County, and their intelligent services are thankfully acknowledged : 
 Hon John Wells, Marissa ; Rev. H S. Deppe and Solomon Teter, 
 Freeburg ; Oscar Lemen, Collinsville ; H. E. Patterson, Lebanon ; 
 N. S. Robertson, Smithton; G. W. Darrow and E. Davis, 
 O'Fallon ; Rev. R. C. Keele, Salem ; W. L. Beedle, Caseyville ; 
 Rev. John Powell, Charles Gooding, S. P. Badgley, and E. 
 Alexander, Belleville. 
 
 It should be observed that the foregoing sketch of the Baptist 
 chui'ches of St. Clair County, brings their history down to a period 
 in February and March, 1881 ; and founded as it is upon the data 
 derived from their several records, it is hoped it may be found to 
 be a faithful reflex of the origin, development and progress of the 
 Baptist cause in this county. It covers a period of ninety-four 
 years, including the first act of associated worship by Baptist 
 campers in the groves of St. Clair County, down to the present 
 time ; and in brief outline indicates what the Baptist people here 
 have done for their churches and faith. 
 
 As all organizations are but the combined, efibrt of individuals ; 
 and as the leaders among these always impress their characteristics 
 upon the organization they direct, a few representative laborers in 
 the Baptist cause from each church have been traced briefly in 
 their personal attributes and qualifications with the view to illus- 
 trate the characteristics of the men who have, so far as mere human 
 agency may be concerned in the progress of the church, directed 
 and advanced the Baptist cause here. There were and are 
 hundreds of other noble leaders in the Baptist cause here, who with 
 equal propriety might merit personal sketches, but it would have 
 been incompatible with the necessary limits of this history : enough 
 of these have been portrayed in their personal attributes to illus- 
 trate the characteristics of the worthy people who have plajited 
 and upheld the Baptist cause in St. Clair County. 
 
172 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Though reversing the order of history, perhaps it would not he 
 inappropriate to conclude this sketch by relating the incidents at- 
 tending the first baptism by immersion in Illinois. In point of 
 absolute time and fact. Rev. James Lemen, sen., was the first 
 person so baptized in the State : though immediately following on 
 the same occasion, at the same stream and by the same minister — 
 Rev. Josiah Dodge — his wife, Catherine Lemen, with John 
 Gibbons and Isaac Enochs were also baptized. Rev. Josiah Dodge 
 was a resident of Nelson County, Kentucky, and was a Baptist 
 minister of liberal learning and great powers as a speaker, who at 
 that time, 1794, was preaching for a few weeks among the people 
 at New Design, Monroe County. James Lemen, sen., had baen a 
 Baptist in principle for quite a number of years, and in 1787 had 
 made a public profession of religion, but was not baptized until this 
 occasion. In later years he became one of the founders of Bethel 
 Church in this county, and he aad his wife were two of the consti- 
 tuent members in that church. The baptismal scene occurred at 
 Fountain Creek, Monroe County, February, 1794. The neigh- 
 bors, far and near, collected on this occasion. The ice had to 
 be cut and removed. When this was done, Rev Mr. Dodge and 
 James Lemen entered the water, and amid the profoundest feeling 
 of the spectators, the minister, in the words of the beautiful sen- 
 tence in the rite which invokes the Triune God as a witness, bap- 
 tized by immersion, the first subject in Illinois. 
 
 THE AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCHES IN ST. CLAIR 
 COUNTY. 
 
 In proportion to the colored population in St. Clair County, 
 the colored Baptists are strong. These people have churches at 
 Brooklin, Belleville, East Carondelet, L3banon, and Mount Zion 
 (sometimes called Mount Olive) ; and at East St. Louis, and 
 several other points they have Baptist congregations and casual 
 meetings, which the colored Baptist ministers attend. 
 
 The Mount Zion (sometimes called Mount Olive) Colored 
 Baptist Church is located three miles north of O'Fallon, and con- 
 sists of some fifteen members. They own a small lot of land where 
 the church house stands. The house will accommodate some 
 seventy-five persons, and with the lot of land, is worth about $200. 
 This church was organized some fifty years ago. The venerable 
 John Livingston, a colored Baptist preacher, who died some years 
 ago at the great age of over 100 years, gave much of his labor to 
 this church in former years; and he, with Rev. Henry Smith, 
 organized it. He also labored with much success at other points 
 in the interests of the salvation of his race. Lately some of the 
 white friends labored with that church in expounding the Gospel 
 and in building up their Sunday-school. The Rev. Allison, a 
 colored Baptist minister, and others have also labored at that 
 church. 
 
 The Brooklin Colored Baptist Church, oiganized many years 
 ago, now have there a house of worship ; their membership is strong 
 and a large congregation attend their meetings. The Rev. 
 Allison labored at that church for some time, and the Rev. Mr. 
 Livingston labored there at an early day. The church is prosper- 
 ing, and has accomplished much good. The Belleville Colored 
 Baptist Church secured a church house some years ago, where 
 they hold their meetings. The membership is not numerous, but 
 the church is prospering and efieoting much good under the pastoral 
 care of the Rev. Mr. Wellard. 
 
 The Lebanon Colored Baptist Church corstituted some years 
 ago, have built a church house which accommodates their congrega- 
 tion. The church consists of some 75 members, and has done and 
 is doing much good work among its people. Rev. Mr. Smith is 
 
 now pastor. The Colored Baptist Church at East Carondelet have 
 built a house of worship. The membership is strong, and the 
 church is advancing and achieving much good. 
 
 At all these churches the cause of Sabbath-schools is encouraged; 
 and each church generally maintains its school. The colored 
 Baptists of the county are taking much interest in the cause of 
 their churches, and are laboring to improve their condition in all 
 respects. They take an active, intelligent interest in educating 
 their children, and a large measure of success attends their efibrts. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 BY EEV. J. D. GILLHAM. 
 
 The history of the M. E. Church in this county dates back to 
 about 1795. A class was organized near that time a short distance 
 from what has been known for many years as Shiloh, and this be- 
 came the Shiloh Church. 
 
 The records of the early history of the church in all parts of the 
 county it seems have not been preserved, and hence it will be out 
 of the question to give exact dates in most instances. I am indebted 
 to Rev. E M. WestofEdwardsville, III., Mas.ter Mitchell, of Belle- 
 ville, and others for important data. 
 
 The probabilities are that this class that became the Shiloh Church 
 was the first Methodist class organized in the State 
 
 And the old log church built there in 1806 has been thought by 
 some to have been the first Methodist Church built in the State, 
 though it is claimed by others that there was one built in 1805 in 
 Madison County. 
 
 * I gather the following from an article published April 29, 1871, 
 in the Christian Advocate, which contains a description of the old 
 Shiloh Church. The correspondent writes as follows : " The Shiloh 
 Church of to-day is the third one that has stood on the Shiloh camp- 
 ground. The first was a log-house, and is said to have been the 
 first Protestant church of the Illinois territory, and was probably 
 built about 1810." (From the best information I can get I am 
 inclined to think it was 1805.) " Among its first members were 
 Revs. John and Robert Thomas, local preachers, and several Scott 
 families, whose descendants still live close around the homes of their 
 pioneer fathers. 
 
 The second church was of brick, and was built in the year 1819. 
 Mr. John J. Thomas, a druggist of Belleville, 111., is a son of James 
 D. Thomas, and a grandson of Rev. John Thomas, who found the 
 original subscription paper among his grandfather's papers, and 
 presented it to the church on the night of our supper. The follow- 
 ing is a true copy of it, and the sum that each one subscribed : 
 
 " Whereas, The public worship of Almighty God is essential to 
 the happiness and tranquility of society, both civil and religious, as 
 
 * In the year 1805, there was a Methodist Church built in the Goshen set- 
 tlement, Madison County, on Thomas Good's land, two-and-a-half miles south 
 of Edwardsville called " Bethel," which was the first protestant church built 
 in Illinois territory. 
 
 Tlie second session of the Illinois Conference was held there in October, 1817. 
 Bishop Roberts presided. * 
 
 There has been from the building of that church to the present time a Meth- 
 odist society in that settlement, and a neat brick church now stands within one- 
 and-a-half miles of the place where the old church stood, the name being 
 changed to '' Centre Grove.'' 
 
 It is, however, a matter of some dispute as to which was the first church 
 edifice that was erected, at Shiloh, or at Goshen. Gov. Reynolds in his 
 Pioneer History of IllinoiM, and Rev. Peter Cartwright in his book, and also 
 many of the old pioneers of St. Clair county claim that the church built at 
 Shiloh was the first M. E. Church erected in Illinois. We append this note 
 hoping it will be the the means of eliciting investigation, and establishing the 
 fact as to which was the first church. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 173 
 
 well as individuals, and the best security for the organization of 
 good government among mankind, And, 
 
 " Whereas, the building at Shiloh is insufficient for the purpose 
 aforesaid, being only intended as temporary. In order, therefore, 
 for the continuance of public worship at said place, and for the 
 erection of a suitable building for that purpose, we, the undersigned, 
 promise to pay to the trustees of said meetiug-house, or to their 
 successors, or to their orders, the several sums annexed to our re- 
 spective names in the following manner, (that is to say) one-half of 
 the amount on the first day of March next ensuing, and the re- 
 mainder at or so soon as the building may be completed. 
 
 September 27, 1817. 
 
 Subscriber's Names : — Sam. Mitchell, $30; Kisdon Moore $20; 
 Benj. Watts, $20 ; Robert Thomas, $20 ; Joseph Scott, $20 ; Jacob 
 Ogle, $15 ; William Scott, Sr., $30 ; Paul Kingston, $20 ; Peter 
 Wright, $10 ; Daniel Wise, $10 ; Joseph Ogle, $20 ; James Wrath, 
 $10 ; James McCan, $10 ; Peter Drew, $12 ; David Everett, $20 ; 
 William Biggs, $10; Albert Hewitt, $4 ; Thomas Piper, $2 ; A. 
 Bankson, $10 ; C. R. Matheny, (the father of the extensive Matheny 
 family of Sangamon county) $10 ; John Thomas, $20 ; James D. 
 Thomas, $10 ; John Simmons, $5 ; Solomon Teter, $5 ; Samuel 
 Scott, $24 ; William Moon, $5 ; Daniel Bayley, $5 ; Abel Fike, $5 ; 
 John Jarvis, $10; George Davidson, $1; William Owens, $5; 
 Josias Wright, $5 ; Jesse Bell, $3 ; Josias Randle, $10 ; William 
 Meons, $20 ; R. R. McLaughlin $5 ; E- R. Kane, $2 ; J. W. Whit- 
 ney, $2 ; John Reynolds, $5 ; A. C. Stewart, $2 ; William A. Beares, 
 $5 ; Joshua Barnes, $8 ; Joseph Dicks, $10 ; James Walker, $5 ; 
 Henry Allen, $10 ; John O. Prentice, $3 ; Hugh Alexander, $10 ; 
 John Craim, $3 ; Meredith Cooper, $3 ; Anthony Thomas, $5 ; 
 William A. Calbroath, $10 ; David Alexander, $5 ; William Alex- 
 ander, $5 ; Nathan Winters, $10. 
 
 All of these old pioneer fathers have passed away. The mortal 
 remains of many of them rest in Shiloh Cemetery. The house they 
 built has long since passed away, and another one has been built in 
 its place j ears ago, and it is now considered an old house nearly 
 ready to be laid aside for a new one to take its place. 
 
 Shiloh is a sacred place to thousands of souls. Many who are in 
 heaven doubtless look back with joy to old Shiloh, where they were 
 born the second time. And many who are now living, and are 
 scattered throughout the great West, many of whom have grown 
 old and gray in the service of the Lord, can look back to old 
 Sliiloh where they were first forgiven. And throughout the West 
 is frequently heard, in love-feasts and class-meetings, " I was con- 
 verted in such a year, and month, and on such a day, at old Shiloh 
 camp-ground." 
 
 Since the above was written another handsome building of brick 
 has been built 35x57 feet, with basement story, at a cost of $6700, 
 and was dedicated November 28, 1875, by Bishop Thomas Bowman. 
 
 Peter Cartwright says in his autobiography : '' The real pioneer 
 and leader of Episcopal Methodism in the state of Illinois, was 
 Captain Joseph Ogle, who came to III., in 1785, and was converted 
 under the preaching of Joseph Smith, (Baptist) of Kentucky, who 
 visited and preached in June, 1787." 
 
 The first Methodist preacher was Joseph Lilliard, who visited this 
 state in 1763, and formed a class in St. Clair Co., and appointed 
 Captain Ogle leader. 
 
 The next Methodist preacher was John Clarke, who was origi- 
 nally a circuit rider in South Carolina, from 1791 to 1796, when he 
 withdrew on account of slavery. He was the first man who 
 preached the gospel west of the Mississippi, in 1798. The Rev. 
 Hosea Riggs was the first Methodist preacher who settled in 111., 
 
 and he revived and reorganized the class at Captain Ogle's, formed 
 by Lilliard, which had dropped its regular meetings. Hosea Riggs 
 settled in Turkey Hill neighborhood in 1796. It was he who, in 
 1803, left his blind wife and went to Mount Gerizim, in Kentucky, 
 when the North-west Conference was in session, and laid before that 
 body the necessities of Illinois, and induced the Conference to ap- 
 point Rev. Benjamin Young the first Protestant missionary to Illi- 
 nois. He preached in what are now Randolph, Monroe, St. Clair 
 and Madison Counties. It is thought by some that it was he who 
 organized the Shiloh Society. 
 
 Hosea Riggs lived in this county many years, preaching and in 
 every way he could, doing good. 
 
 He died at his residence two miles east of Belleville, Oct. 29, 
 1841, at the advanced age of eighty-one years. 
 
 In 1804, Dr. Joseph Oglesby was appointed to the Illinois Cir- 
 cuit, which included St. Clair County. He is said to have been a 
 fine preacher, and to have done much good. 
 
 In 1805, Charles R. Matheny followed Dr. Oglesby on the Illi- 
 nois Circuit. He married a Miss Ogle of St. Clair County. Was 
 an efficient and influential Methodist preacher. He did not con- 
 tinue a traveling preacher long, and subsequently removed to 
 Sangamon County, where he filled several civil offices. 
 
 In 1807, Bishop William McKendree held a camp-meeting at 
 Shiloh. It is said there were a great many conversions at this 
 meeting and much excitement. Several persons had what was then 
 called the Jerks. How much this singular, muscular movement 
 was due to the influence of the Holy Spirit, I am not able to say. 
 This year, Jesse Walker was on the Illinois Circuit. One party 
 said to me that he had seen him take off" his coat and preach until 
 it seemed to him he could smell brimstone. 
 
 From Reynolds' history we quote the following: — " He was the 
 undaunted, and a kind of Martin Luther patriarch of the church 
 of the AVest, and bore triumphantly the standard of the cross 
 throughout the wilderness country, as well to the red men as the 
 white." He resided a number of years in the vicinity of Shiloh. 
 
 For want of both time and space we are compelled to pass over 
 many names and incidents connected with the early history of the 
 church in this county that would doubtle:?s be of interest to 
 many. 
 
 I believe the flrst session of the Illinois Conference was held at 
 Shiloh, but of this I cannot speak with certainty. 
 
 But the fifth session of the Illinois Conference was held here 
 Sept. 13, 1829, Bishop Roberts presiding. There was a campmeet- 
 ing held in connection with this conference. It is said there were 
 a hundred camps and tents and about 180 conversions. It was a 
 wonderful time. 
 
 Samuel H. Thompson was Field Marshal, and called it " a grand 
 jubilee," " a pouring out of the Holy Spirit on the people." The 
 father of Rev. E. M. West of Edwardsville, and Benjamin H. 
 West of Belleville, had a tent, or rather a house on the ground, 
 built of logs and partitioned iiito rooms. Day and night for over 
 a week the meeting lasted. It is related that at the close of this 
 meeting, the Bishop and preachers formed in line and marched 
 around the encampment, then coming to a halt, the people all 
 formed in line, and marched by the Bishop and ministers, all shak- 
 ing hands, and singing that grand old hymn, 
 
 '' Hear the royal proclamation, 
 The glad tidings of Salvation, 
 Publishing to every creature, 
 To the ruined sons of nature, 
 Jesus reigns, etc., etc." 
 
 The effect upon all the people, it is said, was electrifying. 
 
174 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Two brothers, Edward and Samuel Mitchell, were marked men 
 at this meeting. They had, with a large family connection, in- 
 cluding the West family, emigrated from Virginia two years before, 
 emancipated their slaves and preferred the hardships of a new 
 frontier country to an easy life with slavery influences in the forma- 
 tion of the character and education of their children. Three of 
 the sons of Samuel became noted ministers, and several of the 
 grandsons of Edward, amongst whom was Rev. William W. Mit- 
 chell, for many years a much beloved and highly honored member 
 of the Southern Illinois Conference. He was a brother of Mrs. B. 
 J. West and Mrs. 8. J. Krafft, of Belleville. 
 
 Other camp-meetings have been held, and many gracious seasons 
 of revival have been enjoyed at old Shiloh since this early date that 
 we have not space to mention. In 1853, a camp-meeting of great 
 power was held under the pastoral charge of Rev. Charles M. 
 Holliday, of precious memory, and who but recently passed to his 
 reward. As a result of this meeting, one hundred and eight were 
 added to the Shiloh Circuit, and many others were converted who 
 went elsewhere. But by removal a,nd death the Shiloh Church has 
 been greatly reduced in numbers, and the membership at the 
 present time is very weak. But may we not hope that the day 
 may yet come when this time-honored place, the scene of so many 
 signal victories for the Lord, this starting point of Methodism in 
 this great State, shall be visited with the mighty power of God, 
 and the shout of victory shall go up to heaven in the conversion of 
 many souls ? Rev. P. C. Bascom is the present Pastor. 
 
 THE CH0RCH AT O'fALLON 
 
 Is connected with the Shiloh Circuit, and was formed out of what 
 was first calkd the Redmond class, from the man at whose house it 
 was held. Afterward it was held at a Mr. Ogle's, then in the 
 Vernon school-house, and called the Vernon class. 
 
 Henry Mace, Redmond's, Ogle's, Oglesby's and Teter's families 
 made up the larger part of the class. 
 
 This was at an early date. When the town of O'Fallon was 
 started, the class was moved to the school-house, and the name 
 changed to the O'Fallon class. Their present neat church was 
 built in 1864 at a cost of $7500. Their membership at present 
 numbers about sixty. 
 
 M. E. CHURCH AT LEBANON. 
 
 The first society was organized probably about 1825. By whom, 
 and with how many members, I am not able to say. Lebanon Cir- 
 cuit is first mentioned in the General Minutes of 1829. Previous 
 to that it seems to have been a part of what was known as the Kas- 
 kaskia Circuit. 
 
 Their first place of meeting was an old log school-house that 
 stood north of the public square, on the site of the present German 
 M. E Church. 
 
 Next for some years, a frame school-house on north-west quarter 
 of square. Then from 1828 or '29, the chapel of the Lebanon 
 Seminary, and that of McKendree College till 1852, when the 
 first brick church was built on the site of the present Presbyterian 
 church. It was 40 by 60, with basement fitted up for a Ladies' 
 Seminary, at a cost of about $7500. This building was destroyed 
 by fire in 1860, and was a total loss, as there was no insurance on 
 it. The principal contributors to this building were, Benj. Hypes, 
 Jos. Hypes, Dr. Riggin, N. Horner, Dr. Goheen, Dr. Chamberliu, 
 and others. 
 
 The College chapel was used for several years as a place of wor- 
 ship, after the above building was burned. In 1867 the present 
 beautiful church edifice, 47 by 81, with basement, was erected. 
 
 This was completed and furnished in 1870, at a cost of $17,000. 
 But a heavy debt of between three and four thousand dollars was 
 incurred, which has been hanging over them for years, but under 
 the efficient labors of their present Pastor, Rev. T. H. Herdman, 
 the entire amount has been provided for, and nearly all of it actu- 
 ally paid. 
 
 This church also has a fine large two-story brick parsonage, 
 having ample grounds, built in 1873, at a cost of $3600. Their 
 present membership is about two hundred. They have a prosperous 
 Sunday-school, numbering about two hundred and fifty, superin- 
 tended by J. M. Chamberlin. 
 
 In the years gone by, the church at Lebanon has enjoyed many 
 gracious seasons of revival ; the more notable of which were those 
 under the labors of Revs. J. S. Barger and J. H. Benson, in 1838. 
 In this meeting one hundred and six conversions are reported. 
 There was also a very extensive work of grace in 1868, under the 
 labors of Dr. and Mrs. Palmer. Also, under Dr. R. Allyn, in 1864 
 and 1865, there was a good revival. Also, during the pastorate of 
 Rev. G. W. Hughey there were a gOod many conversions. 
 
 The following ministers have served the Church at Lebanon as 
 Presiding Elders : 
 
 Peter Cartwright, Jno. 8. Barger, Simon Peter, Charles Hal'iday, 
 John Dew, G. W. Bobbins, Jas. B. Corrington, John Van Cleve, 
 Jos. Earp, T. A. Eaton, W. H. Corrington, Geo. W. Hughey, A. 
 B- Morrison, J. W. Locke. 
 
 And the following have served the Church as Pastors : 
 
 John Dew, Asahel Phelps, S. M. Otwell, W. L. Deneen, W D. 
 R. Trotter, Smith L Robinson, N. S. Bastian, Samuel H. Thomp- 
 son, John Van Cleve, W. W. Mitchell, J. H. Benson, G. G. Worth- 
 ington, Norman Allyn, W. C- Cumminge, J. S. Barger, W- S. 
 McMurray, L. D. Bragg, Jas. Edmonson, E. Gentry, Jas. Hadley, 
 C. M. Holliday, N. E. Cobleigh, J. A. Scarritt, T. F. Houts, Jos. 
 Earp, T. A. Eaton, Robt- Allyn, T. O. Spencer, J. A. Robinson, 
 John Frazer, G. W. Hughey, J. M. Green, J. W. Phillips, T. H. 
 Herdman. 
 
 BELLEVILLE M. B. CHURCH. 
 
 The first organization of the church in Belleville was probably 
 about 1825 or '26. The first class was composed of the following 
 members : — Richard Randle and wife, James and Annie Mitchell, 
 James Harrison and wife, Susan Dennis, and Caroline E. Black- 
 well, (now Mitchell). Richard Randle was the leader, and they 
 met in what was called the Dennis school-house. 
 
 Some years previous to this, however, there was a class organized 
 about one mile north-west, which met at Bro. Stanley's. In what 
 year the class was organized, and by whom, and how long it con- 
 tinued, I have not been able to ascertain. 
 
 The first church building was erected about 1831 or '32. The 
 enterprise received its initial impulse in the following way : 
 
 The Quarterly meeting was being held in a hall. A Bro. McAl- 
 ister from Missouri, came over and preached, and the congregation 
 was so large that they adjourned to the woods, and during the 
 services on Sunday a very heavy rain storm came up, and the entire 
 congregation got a thorough wetting. The next day sister Caroline 
 E. Blackwell, (now Mitchell), who came here in 1819, and who has 
 always been very active in church work, wrote to her brother, 
 Daniel Sprigg, in Hagerstown, Md., stating to him the great need 
 of a church building here, and implored him to solicit money from 
 the Methodists there, to help build a church. In response to this, 
 the Hagerstown society sent $10.00, a lady in Baltimore $20.00, 
 a Presbyterian minister in Hagerstown $5.00, and her brother 
 $13.00. 
 
 Samuel Wiggins, of the " Wiggins Ferry Company," gave Mrs 
 
HISTOBY OF SI. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 175 
 
 Blackwell $50.00. The remainder was contributed by the people 
 of the county, among whom were, David Blackwell $40.00, Till- 
 man West $40.00, Edward and Samuel Mitchell $50.00 each, and 
 many others whose names we have not been able to obtain, gave as 
 liberally as their circumstances would allow. About 1826 the little 
 btruggliiig society here enjoyed a very gracious revival under the 
 labors of Wm. Blackwell, a local preacher, and nearly forty joined 
 the church. 
 
 The oldest records of the church at Belleville that we have been 
 able to find go back to 1836. And I give the minutes of the First 
 Quarterly Conference, as take n from the old Record book, held 
 that year. 
 
 " First Quarterly meeting for the year in the Belleville station, 
 held at the Methodist Church, 31st December, A. D. 1836. 
 
 Joseph Edmundson, S. P., Pres. 
 Thomas Harrison, L. E., Richard Randle, L. D., Wm. M. Parker, 
 Exr , Wm. Burgess, Exr., Edward Cessell, C. L. T. W. Alexander, 
 
 C. L. 
 
 Ques. 1st— Are there any complaints? Ans. None. 
 " 2d — Are there any appeals ? " None. 
 
 The President nominated the following persons, who were ap- 
 pointed Stewards, to wit: Richard Randle Recording Steward, 
 James Harrison, John C. Handcock, Edward Cessell, Thomas Har- 
 rison. Conference adjourned. 
 
 Joseph Edmundson, Pr. 
 R. Randle, Sec. P. T. 
 
 The Stewards report fifty-five dollars and sixty cents quarterage, 
 which was paid to Rev. J. Edmundson." 
 
 In 1837, at the first Quarterly Conference for the year, we find 
 the names of the following persons present: John Dew, P. E., L. 
 
 D. Bragg, S. P., Thomas Harrison, L. E. and Steward, J. W. York, 
 Supt. S. S , Alexander Reaney, L. P., W. W. Parker, Exr., C. L , 
 and St., F. W. Alexander, C. L., Joel Buchanan, St., Edward Ces- 
 sell, C. L., and St., R. Randle, L. D , C. L., and Rec. St. 
 
 The most of these honored and faithful men of God have passed 
 away to their reward, and others have taken their places, and have 
 gone, and still others have come forward, and the work of the 
 Church has gone steadily on. 
 
 In 1849 the building now occupied was erected, at a cost of about 
 $8,000 or $9,000, and in 1875 it was remodelled, and greatly im- 
 proved, at a cost of over $11,000, under the pastoral labors of 
 Rev. G. W. Hughey. It is now one of the best churches in south- 
 ern Illinois, and is valued at $17,500, with parsonage property 
 worth $2,500. 
 
 The membership is over two hundred. The Sunday-school num- 
 bers from 225 to 275, and is under the superintendency of W. C. 
 Buchanan. The history of the S. School in Belleville goes back a 
 good many years. The first S. School was, it is said, organized in 
 1832. This was probably a union school. But as early as 1838, 
 and probably some years before this, there was a Methodist Sun- 
 day-school. James Harrison was Superintendent. And from that 
 day to the present the Sunday-school has been kept up, and doubt- 
 less many through its influence have been brought to Christ. 
 
 I give a partial list of those who have served the church as Pas- 
 tors and Presiding Elders here. I have not been able to g t a full 
 list. 
 
 Pastors. — John Dew, S. H. Thompson, John Miller, John Hogan, 
 J. W. York, Joseph Edmundson, L. D. Bragg, W- L. Deneen, N. P. 
 Cunningham C. Hobart, W. W. Mitchell, R. Ridgway, Christopher 
 J. Houts, Samuel Elliott, Wm. J. Rutledge, John Borland, John 
 Van Cleyp, James Kuapp, Isaiah W. Thomas, N. Howley, J. W. 
 
 Caldwell, J. A. Scarritt, J. P. Davis, A. B. Nesbit, J. A. Robinson, 
 W. H. Corrington, J. B. Corriugton, G. W. Hughey, F. W. Van 
 Treeve, J. D. Gillham. 
 
 Presiding Elders. — John Dew, Charles Holliday, G. W. Bobbins, 
 C. D. James, J. B. Corrington, John Van Cleve, W. W. Mitchell, J. 
 Earp, T. A. Eaton, W. H. Corrington, G. W. Hughey, A. B. Mor- 
 rison, John W. Locke. 
 
 I give below a list of the official members at the present time 
 J. D. Gillham, Pastor, B.J. West, W.C.Buchanan, B. H. Wtst, 
 Theoph. Harrison, James F. Krofft. Louis P. Krofft, Wra. Heingle- 
 man, John Heingleman, Hugh Harrison, T. J. Ward, Richard 
 Stanley. 
 
 SUMMEEFIELD M. E. CHURCH. 
 
 Summerfield M. E. Church is a continuation of the old " Union 
 Grove Church." The Union Grove Church stood a short distance, 
 perhaps one or two miles, south of Summerfield. Here was the 
 old " Union Grove Camp Ground." This society was at an early 
 date called "Padfield." In this settlement the family of Rev. 
 Samuel H. Thompson lived on his farm ; also Rev. John Dew, Rev. 
 Thornton Peeples, and Dr. Cosad. Revs. James and Thomas John- 
 son, now members of the South* rn Illinois Conference, were, I think, 
 born and raised in this vicinity, and both licensed to preach here. 
 The society at PadSeld was probably organized as early as 1810 or 
 '11. Peter Cartwright, in his Autobiography, says: "Although 
 the Illinois Conference at the General Conference had been stricken 
 off from Missouri Conference, yet the annual meeting this fall of 
 both of these conferences was to be held at Padfield, Looking- 
 glass Prairie, Oct. 23, 1824." 
 
 Rev. Peter Akens, D. D., preached at the funeral of the widow 
 of Rev. Samuel H. Thompson at Union Grove, in 1855. His text 
 was, " I am a pilgrim and sojourner as all my fathers were." 
 
 Tbe first church was built in Summerfield somewhere from 1S55 
 to '60. The lots were donated by Bishop Cavenaugh and his bro- 
 ther. Rev. T. B., of the M. E. Church South, who were the proprie- 
 tors of the town of Summerfield. 
 
 The present church is a comfortable brick, and was erected some 
 six or eight years ago. They have a membership of 42. It is now 
 in Trenton circuit, and Rev. Thomas A. Eaton is pastor. 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS CHUECH. 
 
 We have an organization here, but I have not been able to get 
 any facts as to the time when, or by whom organized.' Owing to the 
 peculiar surroundings of the church in this place, it has always 
 been a struggle for it to live. I find by reference to the minutes of 
 the Southern Illinois Conference of 1855, that the lUinoistown Mis- 
 sion is mentioned, which I presume was what is now called East St. 
 Louis, and A. F. Rogers was pastor. Whether this was the first 
 year of the existence of the society or not, I am not able to say. In 
 1856 it is returned in the minutes to be supplied, and reports a 
 membership of eight, with one church, valued at $800. 
 
 The next mention is made in the minutes of the Conference of 
 1866, J. T. Hough, pastor, and a membership of 44. 
 
 Every year since, they have had a regularly appointed pastor, 
 and report a membership of about 80. The present pastor is T. J. 
 Davis. Some years ago they built a new brick church, which is 
 valued at $9,000, and a parsonage, at $2,0u0. There is an 
 indebtedness on the church of several thousand dollars, with but 
 little prospect that it will be liquidated in the near future. 
 
 FREEBUEG AND NEW ATHENS M. E. CHUECH. 
 
 These towns are located on the Cairo Short Line R. R., in the 
 south-east part of the county. The work is called Freeburg cir- 
 
176 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 cuit. Rev. J. H. McGriff is the present pastor. In each place 
 there is a comfortable church. 
 
 When these societies were organized, I have not been able to as- 
 certain. 
 
 The church at Freeburg was built in 1867. That at New Athens 
 in 1869. The two have a membership of 78. 
 
 There are some other small societies in the county of which I can 
 give no facts. One at Mascoutah, one at Dutch Hollow, &c. 
 
 We have a total membership in the county of about 850. There 
 are seven pastors, with an average salary of $734. This is exclusive 
 of the German M. E. Church. 
 
 GERMAN M. E. CHURCH. 
 
 Of the history of this branch of the Church in the county I can 
 give but few facts. There are five churches in the county, one at 
 Belleville, one at Lebanon, one at Summerfield, one at Mascoutah, 
 and one at Dutch Hill. 
 
 The one at Belleville was organized in 1850, in an old school-house, 
 with a membership of 25. Their first church was' bought of the 
 {American) M. E. Church, in the same year of their organization. 
 They organized at the same time a Sunday-school. 
 
 Their second house, the one they occupy at present, was pur- 
 chased of the Lutherans in 1864 for $8,000, including a parsonage 
 and school-house. They have improved the property very much 
 since, and its present value is about $12,000, free from debt. Their 
 present membership is about 173. They have a good Sunday-school, 
 which numbers about 200. They raise for preacher's salary, and 
 benevolences annually $1,300. 
 
 The Summerfield Church was first organized in 1859, with 65 
 members. The church building was erected in 1864. They orga- 
 nized the first Sunday-school in 1864. This church has always been 
 self-sustaining, never having received one cent of missionary money, 
 and has paid from $500 to $700 a year salary. A' parsonage was 
 bought in 1859, which is still occupied by the preacher as a plea- 
 sant home. 
 
 Lebanon is connected with the Summerfield circuit. The church 
 here is weak. They purchased a house of worship in 1867. The 
 membership at these two points numbers about 100. They have a 
 good Sunday-school at each place. The value of their church pro- 
 perty is $3,000. Parsonage, $1 000. H. F. Koen eke is the present 
 pastor. 
 
 I have not been able to get any facts about the churches at Mas- 
 coutah and Dutch Hill. I think organization and progress is about 
 the same as those already mentioned. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 BY REV. O. S. THOMPSON, A. M. 
 
 A HISTORY of Presbyterianism in St. Clair county, if extended to 
 the early limits of the county, would be the history of Presbyterian- 
 ism in the early settlement of the entire state, as the early settle- 
 ments of the state were within what was then called St. Clair 
 county. When the county was organized by Governor St. Clair, 
 in 1790, it included almost the whole southern part of the state, ex- 
 tending nearly as far north as Peoria, including, at that time, all 
 the settled portions of the state. 
 
 The earliest settlers under the French occupation of Illinois, were 
 Roman Catholics. The earliest historical mention of a Protestant 
 professor of religion in the territory of Illinois, was a member of the 
 Presbyterian church. Dr. J. M. Peck (Baptist) on page 706 of 
 Western Annals says, speaking of events that occurred about the 
 time of the Revolutionary War, or previously ; " For the first eight or 
 ten years of the period I have glanced over, the only professor of 
 
 religion in the colony was a female, who had been a member of the 
 Presbyterian church." When Samuel J. Mills and his comis- 
 sionaries visited the Illinois country, on their south-western mis- 
 sionary tour in 1812, and again in 1814, they did not find a single 
 Presbyterian or Congregational minister in a population of 12,000 
 or 15,000 people then living in the territory. " There are a number 
 of good people," they say, " in the territory who are anxious to have 
 such ministers among them.'' Again, in 1814, they say : " There 
 is no Presbyterian minister in the territory. Numbers who have 
 heretofore belonged to other Presbyterian churches are anxious to 
 have, at least, occasional supplies.' Six miles south of Kaskaskia 
 there was an Associate Reformed Presbyterian church Besides this 
 they did not hear of a "single organized society of any denomina- 
 tion in the county, (Randolph) nor of an individual Baptist or 
 Methodist preacher. The situation of the two counties above this 
 (which would be St. Clair and Madison) is somewhat different. 
 Baptist and Methodist preachers are numerous, and, we were 
 informed, a majority of the heads of families are profes- 
 sors of religion." ' A Methodist preacher told us that these pro- 
 fessors were almost all of them Presbyterians. And they would 
 have been so still,' he said, ' had they not been neglected by their 
 eastern brethren. Now they are Methodists and Baptists.' It seems 
 from these extracts, therefore, that there were a number of persons 
 of Presbyterian connection, who came with the early settlers of St. 
 Clair county, both under its wider territorial limits and after other 
 counties had been set off from it, their preferences being still for 
 the Presbyterian church, but being without ministers or church or- 
 ganizations, they identified themselves with other bodies of Chris- 
 tians. 
 
 EARLY PRESBYTERIAN MINISTERS IN THE COUNTY. 
 
 The first Presbyterian minister to visit the Illinois country was 
 Rev. John Evans Fiuley, of Chester county, Pennsylvania, who 
 landed at Kaskaskia 1797. His purpose was to labor in the Spanish 
 colonies, mainly, perhaps, with a view to the Indians. "He preached 
 and catechised, also baptized .several Indians.' He seems, how- 
 ever, to have remained but a short time, when he removed to Mason ' 
 county, Kentucky. 
 
 The next Presbyterian ministers to visit' Illinois were the young 
 licentiates, John F. Schimerhorn of New York, and Samuel J. 
 Mills of Connecticut, in 1812, who visited the county on a mission- 
 ary exploring expedition. They returned after visiting various 
 places in the south-west, going as far as New Orleans, in 1813. The 
 following year, 1814, Mr. Mills, accompanied by Rev. Daniel Smith, 
 of Vermont, revisited the country of the south-west, and returned the 
 summer of 1815. Up to this time there was no organized Presby- 
 terian church in the territory of Illinois, and no Presbyterian 
 preacher. Mills and his companions, on their return, published in 
 eastern papers an account of the spiritual destitution of the couutiy 
 they had visited, which at once aroused a deep interest among 
 Christian people in the East, in the evangelization of the West. 
 
 The reading of these reports of Mills and his companions led Sal- 
 mon Giddings, born in Hartford county, Connecticut, to devote 
 himself to missionary labor in the South West, with headquarters 
 in St. Louis. He was commissioned by the Connecticut Missionary 
 Society, December, 1815, and the same winter rode through to St. 
 Louis on horseback, arriving April 6th, where he continued to live 
 until his death, February, 1828. Although Mr. Giddings lived in 
 St. Louis, where he organized the first Protestant church, and was 
 the first Protestant pastor, he frequently made evangelistic tours 
 through the adjacent country, east as well as west of the Mississippi 
 river. The first summer after coming to St. Louis he visited a 
 number of points in Illinois, among them Kaskaskia, wherehe bap- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 177- 
 
 tized, in August, 1816, Col. James L. D. Morrison, long known as 
 a citizen of this county. Of the fifteen churches organized by Mr. Gid- 
 dings in ten years, ten of them, or two-thirds, were in Illinois, among 
 which were CoUinsville church, in the edge of Madison county, and 
 the 
 
 TURKEY HILL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 of St. Clair county, four miles southeast of Belleville, organized by 
 Mr. Giddings in April, 1820, the first Presbyterian church within 
 the present limits of the county. The church originally had eight 
 members, but their names are unknown to the writer, except that 
 Nathan Jones was one of the elders, and Deacon Josiah Crocker 
 was, perhaps,, another. The church increased for a few years until 
 in 1824, it had fourteen members, but the next year it was reduced, 
 by removals and otherwise, to seven. Nathan Jones removed to 
 Fulton county, the church became discouraged with its losses, a 
 part of the remaining members joined the Methodists and the 
 church became extinct. It never had the ministrations of a settled 
 minister, but was dependent upon occasional supplies by traveling 
 missionaries, which, as Governor Reynolds declared of ministers of 
 that day, " were like angel's visits ; few and far between," 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 Of these there have been three. 
 
 First Organization — 1833. — From the time of the disband- 
 ing of the Turkey Hill church, about the close of 1825, un- 
 til January 6th, 1833, a period of almost seven years, St. 
 Clair county was left without a Presbyterian church. Whether 
 it was visited by Presbyterian ministers in that time is now 
 unknown. The town of Belleville had been laid out in 1814, 
 the same year that Mills made his last tour of exploration through 
 the South-west. It is possible that during this time. Dr. Black- 
 burn or Mr. Giddings might have visited Belleville, before 
 the organization of the church. 
 
 The first church of Belleville was organized Jan. 6, 1833, by 
 Rev. John F. Brooks. It numbered six members, viz. : Alfred Cow- 
 les, Charlotte Cowles, Thomas Scott, Jane S. Brooks, Simon Van Ars- 
 dale, and Harriett C. Alexander. Alfred Cowles and Thomas 
 Scott were made elders. There were afterwards added : Andrew 
 Spillard, Benjamin Van Arsdale, Joseph Green, Thomas H. Kim- 
 ber, David Swyer, Louisa Swyer, and Samuel Patterson, making, 
 with the six original members, thirteen in all. Of all these, only David 
 and Louisa Swyer remain, after near fifty years, in connection with 
 the church to-day. In 1837, by deaths and removals only ten 
 members were left upon the church roll. One half of these lived 
 elsewhere than in Belleville, and the others were about to move 
 away. Letters of dismission were granted therefore to both absent 
 and present members, and the first church organization of the Pres- 
 byterian name in Belleville, became extinct, after an existence of 
 something over four years. This organization occupied, as its place 
 of worship, 1, a one story brick building, 24x30, on the S. E 
 corner of 2nd, South and High streets, one square from the present 
 Presbyterian church, where the church worshiped for one year. 2. 
 After this its meetings were held in a small room, used by Mr. 
 Brooks as a school-room, on the east side of High street, between 
 Man and 1st South. 8. Occasionally the court-house and Metho- 
 dist church, also, were used. Mr. Brook was the only pastor this 
 church had. He preached once in two weeks at his regular appoint- 
 ment, and taught school three years of the time of his pastorate. 
 Both as teacher and pa'^tor he rendered very acceptable service. 
 He was a native of the state of New York, a graduate of Hamilton 
 College, and of New Haven Seminary. In his senior year, he, 
 23 
 
 with six other theological students, drew up and subscribsd their 
 names to a solemn pledge to engage in mission work in the state of 
 Illinois. After his ordination, in 1831, when thirty years of age, he 
 came immediately to Illinois, and in a little more than one year 
 thereafter, he organized the church at Belleville. Mr. Brooks now 
 lives at Springfield, Ills., and is eighty years of age. 
 
 Second Organization.— K second organization of a Presbyterian 
 Church in Belleville was efi"iicted two years from the dissolu- 
 tion of the first. It was organized by Revs. Thomas Lippincott 
 and A. T. Norton. There were nine members, three more than 
 constituted the first church. These were William E. Chittenden, 
 Thomas H. Kimber, Alonzo Dewey, Miss Sarepta Elder, and Miss 
 Esther C. Dewey, all coming by letter. Three others were received 
 on examination— David Miley, Phebe Miley, and Charles T. Elles. 
 William E. Chittenden and Thomas H. Kimber were elected elders. 
 The organization of the church the second time took place in a 
 small brick house, owned by Elder Kimber, on the corner of Jack- 
 son and Second North streets, on the lot on which the new Baptist 
 church now stands. The house is still standing, the first door south 
 of the Baptist church. It was for a while used as the regular 
 place of worship, with the occasional use of the court-house, as 
 previously. 
 
 Mr. Lippincott had supplied the church the summer previous to 
 the organization, and continued to act in that capacity for more 
 than a year afterwards. He was a man of wide influence, of literary 
 tastes and reputation, and lived to about eighty years of age. The 
 church under him made no additions to its number of members. It 
 seems, however, to have zealously pushed forward its work, as it 
 determined at its organization that the " regular worship of God 
 should be kept up in their house every Sabbath, whether their min- 
 ister was present or not.'' These meetings, in the absence of the 
 pastor, were conducted by Elder Chittenden, who was afterward 
 ordained as a minister, and served the church two and a-half years 
 as pastor. 
 
 Mr. Lippincott was succeeded by Rev. William Chamberlain, 
 after the former had served the church one and a-half years. Mr. 
 Chamberlain gave the church one-half his time at first, then one- 
 fourth of the time. He had been a missionary to the Cherokee 
 Indians in Georgia. With their removal west of the Mississippi, 
 he settled in Illinois. 
 
 A protracted meeting held by Mr. Chamberlain, in which he was 
 assisted by Rev. James Gallaher, in 1841, resulted in greatly 
 strengthening the church, and in the addition of twenty-four mem- 
 bers to its number. He was followed, in 1842, by Henry B. Whit- 
 taker, who was a licentiate of Lexington presbytery. He re- 
 mained with the church eight months, during which time a series 
 of meetings were held, resulting in ten accessions to the church. 
 
 Rev. William E. Chittenden succeeded Mr. Whittaker, and 
 served the church for two and a-half years, with very great accept- 
 ance. It was mainly through his efibrts that the second house of 
 worship was built. About the time he began his pastorate, April, 
 1844, the church first became a corporate body, electing E. B. Lock? 
 wood, C. T. Elles and Samuel Hinckley trustees. Their first work 
 was to take steps towards the erection of a house of worship. Hith- 
 erto the church had worshiped in the Kimber building on Jack- 
 son street, then in a school-room, and finally in a rented room on 
 High street, where the tailoring establishment of Rheiu Brothers 
 now stands. 
 
 James Mitchell donated the larger part of the ground for the 
 erection of a new building on the north-east corner of Illinois and 
 First North streets, near the market-house, where a brick building, 
 with basement, the present city hall, was erected at a cost of about 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 $2500. The ehurcli building was dedicated Nov. 9th, 1844, and 
 continued to be the place of worship for twenty-nine years, up to 
 April, 1873. 
 
 Following Mr. Chittenden, Rev. James R. Dunn supplied the 
 pulpit six months, in 1845 ; B. Y. Messenger six months, in 1846- 
 47. Joseph A. Ranney then began, Nov. 1847, a pastorate of 
 seven years, the longest pastorate the church has ever had. 
 
 During Mr. Ranney's ministry the church had a prosperous and 
 steady growth, having received, in that time, sixty-nine members. 
 In a series of meetings in February, 1849, when the pastor was 
 assisted by Rev. George Clark, twenty persons were added to the 
 church at one time. During the year 1849, when the cholera raged 
 with such violence in St. Louis, Belleville also suffered severely. 
 Out of a population of three thousand, two hundred and fifty died in 
 sixty days, including ten members of the Presbyterian church, 
 among whom was Elder Henry Batz. 
 
 Rev. John Gibson supplied the church six months in 1855 ; W. 
 W. Warner a year in 1855-56. B. F. Cole, E. Barber, W. F. P. 
 Noble each supplied the church a short time. Andrew Luce was 
 pastor of the church from November, 1857. 
 
 In 1860 the church caught fire while the basement was used as a 
 school-room, but was not greatly damaged. 
 
 In 1863 Mr. Luce entered the United States service as chaplain 
 of the twenty-fourth regiment Missouri volunteers. His pastoral 
 relation to the church was not dissolved until October, 1866. 
 
 Rev. Ovid Minor preached to the church in lfcC4, during Mr. 
 Luce's absence. 
 
 Rev. John Dillingham was pastor of the church three years, 
 from May, 1866 — a prosperous pastorate. Rev. James Brownlee 
 was then with the church one year. Gerrit Huyser one year. 
 Henry W. Woods one year three months from October, 1871. 
 
 In February, 1S72, a lot was purchased by the church on High 
 street and Third South for 82800, with a view to erecting a new 
 building. The old building was sold for $4500 to the city, April 
 19th, 1873. Work was begun on the new building May Ibt, 1874. 
 The building was erected and the basement completed and ready 
 for use on May 2d, 1875, when the present pastor, 0. S. Thompson, 
 began his labors with the church, six years ago. The audience 
 room was finished and the church furnished over a year 
 later. The church was dedicated July 16th, 1876, Dr. J. H. 
 Brookes of St. Louis preaching the dedicatory sermon. The new 
 building is gothic, brick, about 45x80 feetj measuring from outside 
 walls, with seating capacity for four hundred, with lecture room, 
 astudy and infant class-room in basement. Cost $21,472. Cost of 
 pipe-organ $1800- 
 
 The first year of Mr. Thompson's pastorate witnessed an ingath- 
 ering of fifty-eight new members, forty-four of whom united on 
 profession of faith. One hundred and twenty in all have been re- 
 ceived in the six years. 
 
 In 1879-80 a parsonage was built at a cost of over $1700. The 
 ruling elders have been : — W. E. Chittenden and T. H. Kimber, 
 elected 1839 ; Henry Batz and David Swyer, 1843 ; W. H. Under- 
 wood, 1848; Charles T. Files and Russell Hinckley, 1850; E. W. 
 West, 1876 ; Joseph Small and James McQuilkin, 1879. 
 
 The church has now about one hundred names on the roll of 
 active membership. It has always had a flourishing Sabbath-school. 
 The church has enrolled altogether about three hundred and sixty- 
 five members. It has raised for all purposes, buildings, pastor's 
 salary, benevolence, etc., about $70,000. 
 
 Third Organization. — The Presbyterian church of Belleville, of 
 which mention has been made, was in connection with what was 
 known as the New School body. 
 
 On April 15, 1843, Rev. James Staflbrd organized a church of 
 eighteen members, in connection with the Old School body. Ten 
 of these eighteen members were from the already existing church. 
 Thomas Osborn was one of the ruling elders. The church had 
 occasional preaching, the Rev. Dr. Potts of the Second Church, St. 
 Louis, being among the number of its supplies. But it was found 
 that both churches were weakened by the division, and in time 
 nearly all the members of the Old School church united with the 
 one in connection .with the New School body, and the church was 
 disbanded. 
 
 LEBANON PEESBYTEKIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The town of Lebanon, in the northern part of St. Clair county, 
 has long been known as the seat of McKendree College, one of the 
 early educational institutions of the State of Illinois. The institu- 
 tion is under the auspices of the Meth. Epis. Church. It has 
 been not only a power for good in that denomination, but an impor- 
 tant factor in advancing educational interests in Southern Illinois. 
 It has likewise long made its presence felt in the town, where a 
 large church of that denomination has existed for many years. 
 But Presbyterianism is of comparatively recent growth in Lebanon. 
 It was not until 1866, April 8th, that an organization was efiected 
 in that place. The church was organized by Rev. A. T. Norton, 
 D. D., of Alton, the veteran Nestor of Presbyterianism in the State. 
 
 The church was originally composed of nine members, namely : 
 Dr. F. W. Lytic, Miss F. M. Lytle, Miss Amanda M. Johnson, 
 Mrs. Margaret H. Woodworth, Mrs. Sarah J. Seaman, Miss Ruth 
 Danforth, Mrs. Helen M. Atwood, Mrs. Elizabeth Wheeler, Mrs. 
 Helen M. Horner. It has had as ministers, James Brownlee, 
 William P. Teitsworth, and Lyman Marshall, the latter continuing 
 pastor of the church for about nine years. Its ruling elders have 
 been : Dr. F. W. Lytle, Charles Sayer, James H. Patterson, Robert 
 Mills, Elmore W. Elethorpe, and Dr. C. A. Andrews Its house of 
 worship was dedicated Nov. 10, 1867, and cost $4500. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF EAST ST. LOUIS 
 
 Was organized by Dr. A. T. Norton and M. B. Gregg, July 14th, 
 1867, in the school-house on the island. The original members 
 were : — Edwin E. Bassett, Miss Mercy B. Gregg, Mrs. Ellen V. 
 Barrowman, Mrs. Ellen M. Hill, Mrs. Martha Ann Lowry, Mrs. 
 Ann Brewer, Mrs. Lydia Chamberlain, Miss Emma Mockber, Mrs. 
 Frances Todebush, Mrs. Mary Ellen Mahang, James H. Brooks, 
 David Shield, Mrs. Euphemia Shield, Samuel McCullough, Mrs. 
 Sophia McCullough, William Morrison, Mrs. Sophia Morrison, and 
 Mrs. Virginia Raithel. 
 
 The services were first held in the upper room of a two story 
 school-house on the island, since burned. A frame church edifice, 
 with basement, was built the following year, 1868, at a cost of 
 $6700. It was soon found that the population was moving away 
 from the vicinity of the church, and that a removal of the church 
 was necessary. A lot was accordingly bought on Collinsville ave., 
 where a new building was erected, the material in the old church 
 being used in part, at a cost of about $5000. The building was 
 dedicated September 8th, 1878. 
 
 Its first minister was Rev. Martin B. Gregg, 1867, after the 
 church was organized. He was succeeded by Rev. John D. Janes, 
 who preached to the church in 1869-71 ; Samuel Sawyer, 1872-73, 
 William L. Johnston began his ministry with the church, as licen- 
 tiate, April, 1873, and continued for six years, until May 3d, 1879. 
 Mr. Johnston left the field to accept an appointment as foreign mis- 
 sionary at Sidon, Syria. His pastorate was a very efficient one. 
 It was largely due to his unwearied efforts that the second church 
 was built. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 179 
 
 Rev. S- H. Hyde, the present pastor, took charge of the church 
 Feb. 15th, 1880. It now has sixty members, with prospects of an 
 increased membership amd usefulness. 
 
 LEBANON GERMAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 Was organized Feb. 16th, 1868, by Revs. James Brownlee and 
 Charles W. Saaman. It had, at its organization, eighty members- 
 It had church property, which was, however, involved and embar- 
 rassed with debt. The church has not had a prosperous life. Only 
 a very few now remain of the original number. They keep up a 
 Sabbath-school, and have services on Sabbath afternoons, when an 
 evangelical German minister, from Summerfield, preaches. 
 
 UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 BY REV. S. B. LYONS. 
 
 The United Presbyterian congregation of Marissa, St. Clair co., 
 Illinois, is now in the eleventh year of its existence. 
 
 The congregation originated with thirty-two members from the 
 Reformed Presbyterian (N. S.) congregation of Hill Prairie, St. 
 Clair county. In order to fully uniarstani the circumstances of its 
 origin, we go back to a period shortly before its history opens. In 
 1869 the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church and 
 the Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church (N. S.), each ap- 
 pointed delegates to confer and prepare a basis of union upon 
 which the two churches might unite. A basis was agreed upon by 
 these delegates, and in 1870 accepted by the United Presbyterian As- 
 sembly. The Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church did not 
 accept this basis of union. In Aug., 1870, the Western Presbytery of 
 the Reformed Presbyterian church, at a called meeting in Coulters- 
 ville, Illinois, agreed to enter the United Presbyterian Church. The 
 ministers of said Presbytery at that time were Revs. Wylie, Hars- 
 ha, McMaster, Bratton, and Martin. Rev. Wylie did not favor the 
 movement. The Presbytery was received into the United Presby- 
 terian Church at a meeting of the Synod of Illinois, at Paxton, in 
 1870. This movement caused a division of each congregation in 
 this Presbytery, excepting that in Eden, Randolph county. Rev. 
 Wylie, pastor, part only of each congregation entering with their pas- 
 tor the United Presbyterian Church. The congregation of Hill 
 Prairie was without a pastor at the time, but two members of ses- 
 sion, Robert Wilson and Hugh Nairn, with thirty members of the 
 congregation, entered the United Presbyterian Church as an organ- 
 ized body, thus forming the present United Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion of Marissa. In the summer of 1871 this congregation com- 
 menced the erection of a house of worship in the new town of 
 Marissa. The building was finished and ready for occupancy Jan. 
 1, 1872. The first pastor of the congregation. Rev. J. W. Glenn, 
 began his pastoral labors Jan. 1, 1872, preaching about one-half 
 time in Marissa ; but from Jan. 1, 1874, his full time was given to 
 Marissa congregation until his death in June, 1879. The present 
 pastor, Rev. 8. R. Lyons, was installed Aug. 3, 1880. The congre- 
 gation, beginning with thirty-two members, has received into its 
 communion, in all, two hundred and six. Present membership 
 (Jan., 1881), one hundred and twenty-three. 
 
 Early in the year 1872 a Sabbath-school was formed, which has 
 since been steadily increasing in attendance, interest, and useful- 
 ness, numbering at present in its average attendance nearly two 
 hundred. 
 
 REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 BY REV. J. B. CRAWFORD. 
 
 In the summer of 1842 the Reformed Presbyterian Church of 
 St. Clair county, Illinois, had taken its rise. About twenty persons 
 who had been instructed in and possessed a knowledge of the noble 
 and precious principles of their Covenanting fathers, and of the 
 holy religion, to which they were inseparably attached, entered 
 into an organic capacity. This is the only congregation of Re- 
 formed Presbyterians in St. Clair county, and is known by the 
 name of the " Hill Prairie Church." In the fall of 1842 they suc- 
 ceeded in calling, and had ordained and installed over them, the 
 late Rev. Michael Harsha, who preached to them one-fourth 
 of his time. The country not being closely inhabited, their growth 
 was by no means rapid. Yet they labored with the utmost patience 
 and zeal, and with the brightest anticipations that success should 
 some day crown their efforts. Their meagre supply of the stated 
 ordinances by the Rev. Michael Harshaw continued only until 
 August, 1846, when the union between pastor and people was dis- 
 solved. Prom that time until 1857 a very small amount of supplies 
 could be rendered tliem, and financially they were unable to obtain 
 it. For about thirteen years they were without a house of worship. 
 The private houses, however, were the sanctuaries of the Lord, 
 where sociability and afl^ection marked the character of every wor- 
 shiper. Here the minister of Jesus Christ was most enthusiasti- 
 cally received to unfold the word of truth and dispense the 
 sacraments. Public worship was for the most part carried on in the 
 houses of Mr. James Wilson, sen., and James Lyons, now deceased. 
 Prosperity began to dawn upon them, and harmony and unanimity 
 characterized the worshipers as men and women zealous of good 
 works. In the spring of 1855 their ability and energy enabled 
 them to erect for themselves a house of worship on Hill Prairie. It 
 still stands for the worship of God, and is the joy of those who 
 come hither to join in the sacred exercises. The town of Marissa 
 is a quarter of a mile north of it. 
 
 In January, 1857, after having called Mr. N. K. Crow, he was 
 ordained and installed over them as their pastor, who preached to 
 them the one-half of his time, until March, 1864. Being largely 
 endowed with a missionary spirit, and regarding it a greater neces- 
 sity to carry the word of truth among the freedmen of the South, 
 he was released of his charge in Hill Prairie. During his pastor- 
 ate there was marked prosperity. His ministration was waited 
 upon with eagerness. 
 
 Not long, however, were the congregation destitute of an under 
 shepherd. The people who had been so faithful in maintaining the 
 noble principles they professed, and who were so constant to the 
 most grand of all the causes by which they were identified, had 
 placed over them in July, 1864, the late Rev. John Nevin, who 
 was unexcelled as a faithful pastor. During his pastorate in Hill 
 Prairie he was eminently successful, and his labors were specially 
 blessed. The membership of his congregation amounted to about 
 one hundred and twenty. They possessed in a large degree the 
 spirit of charity and liberality. They contributed largely to home 
 and foreign missions, and other benevolent purposes. In August, 
 1866, death bereft them of their faithful and beloved pastor. This 
 cast a cloud of sorrow over the whole community, and the bright 
 anticipations of his beloved flock were blighted. For a lapse of 
 about eleven years they were without the stated ministry. During 
 this time some were anxious for a union between the Reformed 
 and the United Presbyterian Churches, and in 1870 those who 
 were favorable to this union withdrew from the Reformed Presby- 
 terian Church and joined the United Presbyterians. Sixty-five 
 
180 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 individuals, however, v\ho still had respect to their principles, 
 maintained their integrity and organization, and in 1877 J. B. 
 Crawford having been called by them, was in May of that year or- 
 dained and installed over them. Thus the congregation still 
 exists. 
 
 BEIEF HISTORY OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN 
 CHURCH OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 BY REV. C. KUEHN. 
 
 This church, at present, comprises various congregations in this 
 county. All these congregations belong to the German Evangelical 
 Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other States. A few remarks 
 concerning this large and important church body are therefore 
 justified, and will be of interest; 
 
 It was in the year 1839, the 19th of February, when the last 
 division of a larger company of emigrants, called the Saxon emi- 
 grants, arrived at St. Louis, Mo. The sole cause of their leaving 
 their native country was the decay and deplorable condition of the 
 Lutheran Church in Germany, where from most pulpits the pure 
 doctrine was no longer preached, but, instead of it, unbelief and 
 skepticism. This sad state of affairs induced a great number of 
 Lutheran Christians to come to America, hoping to be thus enabled 
 better to provide for their own and their children's spiritual wel- 
 fare. They, and amongst their number several ministers and candi- 
 dates of theology, under the leadership of a certain pastor, chartered 
 five ships to sail for their new home, four of which arrived safely at 
 New Orleans ; the fifth was lost at sea, never to be heard of again. 
 From New Orleans they proceeded by river to St. Louis A few 
 of them remained there, starting a small congregation, while the 
 rest selected a piece of land of 4440 acres in Perry county. Mo., 
 where they finally settled. Meantime, their leader proving to be a 
 hypocrite and an immoral m^an, they renounced him and cast him 
 off. At last they divided themselves into four congregations, of 
 which the several ministers mentioned above, to wit : E. G. W. 
 Key], G. H. Loeber, M. Buerger, C. F. W. Walther, took charge. 
 Rev. O. H. "Walther was the pastor of the congregation at St. Louis. 
 After his decease, in 1840, his younger brother, C. F. W. Walther, 
 was called in his place by the congregation. He fills it to the 
 present day, under the aid of four vicars. In 1844 he started a 
 church paper, the Lutheraner, a well-known semi-monthly. After 
 the endurance of many hardships, these congregations became 
 thriving and flourishing. 
 
 During this time a number of Lutheran pastors had come to 
 America to serve the church, of whom the most important were — 
 F. W. Wyneken, August Craemer and Dr. AVm. Sihler. As mission- 
 aries, they visited the States of Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. The 
 former at length became pastor of a congregation at Baltimore; the 
 latter became the founder of one at Frankenlust, Mich. ; while Dr. 
 Sihler finally was called to Fort "Wayne. These gentlemen were 
 in communication with Rev. "William Loehe, of New Dettelsau, 
 Germany, who induced them to start a seminary at Fort "Wayne, 
 supporting them with money, and sending students and candidates 
 of theology. 
 
 Chiefly by means of the Lutheraner, were they acquainted with 
 their Saxon brethren at St. Louis and Perry county. Three of 
 them journeyed to St. Louis in 1846, to become personally acquainted 
 with them, and to speak about uniting in an ecclesiastical organiza- 
 tion. This was carried out a year later at Chicago, then a city of 
 about 20,Q00 inhabitants. From St. Louis had arrived the Revs. 
 "Walther, Fuerbringer and Loeber ; from Fort "Wayne, Dr. Sihler, 
 "Walter, Streckfuss, Ernst and Husmann, and some students. Be- 
 
 sides these, were present the ministers Fick, Poeschke, Buerger, 
 Scholz, Trautmann, Richmann, Schuster and Craemer. After filing 
 a constitution, sixteen ministers and twelve congregations united as 
 the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and 
 other States. In the course of time, this Synod so increased in 
 number that it was necessary to form several districts. At present 
 there are seven of them, and, as is expected, two more will be added 
 in a short time. The congregations of this Synod are located in 
 nearly all the States of the Union, and their missionaries are at work 
 in many Territories. About six hundred congregations and seven 
 hundred or more ministers are members of this Synod ; its president 
 pro tem. is Rev. H. C. Schwan, of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 BRIEFS ABOUT THE CONGREGATION AT BELLEVILLE. 
 
 In the year 1861, several members of the United Evangelical 
 congregation separated from it on account of disharmony, which 
 arose during the building of a new church (on Jackson street). 
 They separated with the intention of forming a new congregation, 
 and the 17th of March they met for the first time, organizing them- 
 selves under the name of German Evangelical Lutheran Zion's 
 congregation. Of those first members are still living and having 
 membership, Messrs. Hy. Riitter, Wm. "Wehmeyer, F. Rutter, N. 
 Schuessler, J. Schiissler, Casp. Nagel F. Nagel, Wm. Schlueter, C 
 H. Eggersmann, Wm. Winker, Ad. Loos, F. Endres, H. Stolte, 
 Aug. Brandenburg and others. 
 
 In order to obtain a minister, they applied to the Synod of Mis- 
 souri, Ohio and other States, respectively to Rev. Prof. C. F. W. 
 Walther, at St. Louis, who proposed to them two candidates from 
 the Theological Seminary of that city. Of these two candidates 
 they elected Mr. E. Mangelsdorf, and called him as their pastor to 
 Belleville, who took charge of the congregation in April or May. 
 Under his labors and control the congregation increased and de- 
 veloped. Their services were held in a small chapel of the Episco- 
 palians, on Jackson street. A good constitution was adopted and 
 subscribed to by all members. 
 
 In the next year, the congregation, encouraged by increase, and 
 compelled by various circumstances, resolved to put up a building, 
 in which its services could be held. They purchased a corner lot on 
 Church and First North streets, for the sum of $500, and soon after 
 commenced the building on Church street (30x40), with the under- 
 standing that it should be the school-house of the congregation, 
 which should be followed by a church building as soon as conve- 
 nient. So this little building has been used both for school and 
 church until lately. 
 
 Rev. Mangelsdorf commenced to teach school, and as soon as it 
 was established several teachers in succession were called to take 
 charge of it. The name of the present teacher is Wra. Fedder. In 
 April, 1865, the congregation joined the Synod from which it had 
 received its pastor and teacher, namely, the Synod of Missouri, 
 Ohio and other States ; and two years later they increased their 
 property by building a parsonage beside the school. Shortly after, 
 their minister was called as pastor to a Lutheran congregation at 
 Bloomington, 111., which call he followed, the vacancy at Belleville 
 being filled in the person of Rev. Ad. Bilwend, a graduate of the 
 St. Louis Theological College. He also remained but a short time, 
 following a call to E. Boston in 1871. 
 
 Rev. C. S. Kleppisch, from Waterloo, 111., took charge of the con- 
 gregation, and remained for six years, till April, 1877. 
 
 Chr. Kuehn, a graduate of the St. Louis Theological Seminary, 
 of the Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other States, was appointed his 
 successor, and is the present pastor. 
 
 In the fall of 1879, it was resolved to build a new church. A few 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 181 
 
 months after, a subscription list was put up, and witli the arrival of 
 seasonable weather the digging for the foundation commenced. The 
 second day of Pentecost (17th of May) the corner-stone was laid, 
 and about a year later (the 27th of March), the dedicatory ceremo- 
 nials, conducted by Prof. Schaller, Rev. Link, of St. Louis, and 
 Eev. Gotringer, of Mascoutah, took place. The length of the church 
 is 60 feet, with an addition of a 12-feet niche, and a projection 5 feet 
 by the tower, making an entire length of 77 feet. The width is 
 about 40; height of steeple, 128 feet. The building is carried out 
 in Gothic style, and is pronounced by the papers an ornament for 
 the city. This fine church building, including a beautiful 12-stop 
 pipe organ (costing about $900), and two bells of 400 and 750 pounds, 
 costs about $10,000. Mr. Wm. Wehmeyer is the one to whom 
 the congregation is mostly indebted for attaining the desired end. 
 
 It may be of interest to learn that since the organization, of the 
 congregation, 1142 children have been baptized by its ministers ; 
 464 children have been confirmed ; 205 couple were united in mar- 
 riage, and 303 persons have been buried. 
 
 THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ZION CHUECH OF MASCOUTAH, ILL., 
 
 Was organized on the 8th of November, 1868, by Rev. Fred. 
 Rudolf Herold, and is in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Synod of. Missouri, Ohio and other States. In 1869 the congrega- 
 tion, then numbering about sixty members, erected a church edifice 
 at the cost of about $6000. 
 
 No one can be or become a member, still less an officer, in this 
 congregation, or participate in any of the rights of a member, ex- 
 cept he who (a) is baptized ; (b) acknowledges all the canonical 
 books of the Old and New Testaments as the only divine rule and 
 standard of faith and life ; (c) while he may perhaps be yet defi- 
 cient in the knowledge of the collective symbolical books, at least 
 knows and acknowledges the Augsburg Confession and Luther's 
 Smaller Catechism ; (d) does not live in manifest works of the flesh 
 (Gal. V. 19-21), but maintains a Christian deportment ; (e) does not 
 belong to a secret society ; (f ) frequently joins in the communion, 
 when of adult age ; (g) submits to the church regulations, which 
 have been established by mutual consent, or which may yet be 
 established, provided they are not contrary to the word of God, and 
 . permits being corrected in brotherly love, when he has erred. The 
 tests as to qualification for membership are the person's profession, 
 when not contradicted by his conduct. 
 
 The present number of voting members (males over twenty-one 
 years of age) is about 70. In all — men, women and children — 
 about 425 persons belong to the congregation. After the death of 
 Rev. F. R. Herold, which occurred on the 6th day of July, 1871, 
 the present pastor, J. G. Goehringer, was called by the congrega- 
 tion. He entered upon his new field of labor in July, 1872, and 
 has been serving the congregation since that time. Besides the 
 church building, the congregation has a parsonage and a school- • 
 house of its own. The Sunday-school is attended by 150, the day- 
 school by 60 scholars. The present teacher of the day-school, Mr. 
 J. G. Wissbeck, was engaged by the congregation in September, 
 1880, and it is his duty to instruct the children attending the school 
 in all the branches of science taught in the public schools, and in 
 the faith and confession of the Lutheran Church ; so that they may 
 not only become useful citizens, but, above all things, good, sound 
 Christians. The present value of property owned by the congrega- 
 tion (church, parsonage and school-house) is about $8000- The 
 annual expenses, including the salaries of the pastor, the teacher 
 and the sexton, insurance, repairs, etc., are about $1200, which are 
 covered partly by subscriptions and partly by collections. Fairs, 
 
 suppers, lotteries and religious amusements for the benefit of the 
 church, are not approved nor tolerated. 
 
 EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH AT DARMSTADT. 
 
 This congregation was organized in 1865, under guidance of Rev. 
 J. P. Baumgart, of Venedy, Washington county. III., who officiated 
 as minister of the new congregation until a pastor could be had. 
 The congregation consisted at first of thirteen members only. The 
 pastors having had charge of it are : Revs. M. Stuelpnagel, F. W. 
 Pennekamp, H. Proehl, and H. W. Hoemann. The present pastor. 
 Rev. J. P. Baumgart, organized the church as above stated. The 
 church building was erected in 1866, at a cost of $2000. 
 
 At the present time, the congregation numbers seventeen families. 
 There is a day-school connected with the church, under the manage- 
 ment of Rev. Baumgart, the pastor. 
 
 The present trustees of the church are P. Hartenberger, G. P. 
 Eckert and P. Schneider. 
 
 EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH AT MILLSTADT. 
 
 The first church building of this congregation was erected in the 
 year 1849, when an organization was perfected. The membership 
 was very limited, not more than ten, all told. Rev. Schieferdecker 
 took charge of the small flock ; but the blessing of the Most High 
 was with them. Their temple of worship was a small wooden edi- 
 fice, erected at a cost of $800. The present worthy pastor. Rev. F. 
 W. Holls, has been in charge of the congregation ever since 1851 ; 
 he has seen it grow and prosper, numbering now about 400 souls. 
 1 he wooden edifice of 1849 made room for a splendid church build- 
 ing of brick, erected in 1871, at a cost of over $4000, including par- 
 sonage and school-room. The church building proper will com- 
 fortably seat 300 persons ; has a bell-tower, aud is provided with a 
 fine organ. The parish-school, under the control of the pastor, is 
 conducted at present by a competent teacher, G. Seboldt, and 
 attended by about 45 pupils. 
 
 The congregation has another church building, in township 10, 
 1 north, erected in 1845, under management of the Rev. Schiefer- 
 decker. It is now, and has been since 1851, under the charge of 
 Rev. F. W. Holls. 
 
 THE GERMAN FREE PROTESTANT ST. PAUL'S CON- 
 GREGATION, OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 BY FERDINAND FLEISCHER. 
 
 Proceeding from former organization, was establis-hed in 1859. 
 The landed property, 100x150 feet, is situated on the corner of 
 Richland and 2d North streets, bearing the church building, the 
 old parsonage, and the new parsonage, with Sunday-school room. 
 
 Of the former preachers and their career of life, nothing is 
 known to the undersigned, present incumbent of the parsonage, 
 since May, 1871. 
 
 Their names are, 1. Jacob Balthasar Hoppe, left the parsonage 
 
 in July, 1859 ; died 5th of December, 1861. 2. Klingsohr, 
 
 left January, 1862, aud died about 1876. 3. Edward Graf, left 
 January, 1866, and died about 1877. 4. J. C. Mosebach, left May, 
 
 1871. 
 
 Presidents of the board of the congregation have been the follow- 
 ing citizens of Belleville: Philip Rodenmayer, John Rodenmayer, 
 Andreas Kissel, and Wilhelm Friedrich, the present one since 
 several years. The membership amounts to about 200 voters. 
 
 The new parsonage was erected in 1877, at the expense of $3,300, 
 paid ofi", by instalments, out of the resources of the congregation. 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Also an organ for the church has been acquired at the cost of 
 $1200, and paid for in full. 
 
 Connected with the congregation are: 
 
 1. A Sunday-school," superintended by the preacher, a number of 
 young ladies assisting. Scholarship, about 100. 
 
 2. A ladies' association of about 100 members, indefatigable and 
 very successful in supporting the congregation. 
 
 3. An association for mutual life insurance, about 200 members. 
 
 THE RE-ORGANIZED CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF 
 LATTER-DAY SAINTS. 
 
 BY JOSEPH E. BETTS. 
 
 William Anderson and Henry Curedon, appointed at a special 
 council, by the officers of said church, held at Nauvoo, Hancock 
 county, Illinois, September 12, 1863, arrived in St. Louis, January, 
 1864. They commenced setting forth the claims of the Re-organ- 
 ized Church, and soon found some to receive them and endorse 
 their teaching. 
 
 On the 7th of February, a Branch with eighteen members was 
 organized ; they then came over the river and commenced preach- 
 ing in St. Clair county at Illinoistown, and at Caseyville and 
 Chester ; they reported their labors at the annual conference. 
 
 April 6th, 1864, a Branch was organized at Caseyville and 
 Illinoistown. June 11th, the Caseyville Branch numbered thirteen 
 members. In July a Branch was organized at Carbondale of ten 
 members, and through the preaching of the representatives the 
 Branches continued to increase in membership. 
 
 In December, 1866, a Branch was organized at Alma mine with 
 nine members. At the above date the Carbondale Branch num- 
 bered twenty-five ; the Caseyville Branch numbered fifteen. On 
 March 10th, 1867, a Branch was organized in East St. Louis with 
 nine members. A Branch organized at Newpitsbourge reported, at 
 the above date, thirteen members. 
 
 December 14th, 1873, the Alma mine Branch reported thirty-two 
 members. A Branch organized at Beeb's Station reported twelve 
 members. Also a Branch at West Belleville, at the above date, 
 reported forty members. 
 
 April 4th, 1880, the Caseyville Branch reported forty members. 
 The Alma Branch reported fifty-six members. The Belleville 
 Branch reported sixty members. The total membership of the 
 Church of St. Clair county in January 2d, 1881, was one hundred 
 and fifty-eight. 
 
 This church does not believe in Brigham Young being a prophet, 
 nor in the doctrines he taught, but believe that old Joseph Smith, 
 the martyr, was a true prophet of God, and that his son Joseph is 
 his legal successor, and have adopted the same code of discipline, 
 both moral and spiritual. 
 
 The above is a brief sketch of the church in this county. 
 
 THE CHURCH OF CHRIST. 
 
 This organization numbers but few members in St. Clair county, 
 there being but one congregation within her limits This is located 
 
 in the town of Mascoutah, and was organized chiefly through the 
 instrumentality of Elder W. A. Manville. Mrs. Schwisser was for 
 years the sole representative of the cause in Mascoutah. She was 
 a faithful, zealous Christian, and when steps were taken to hold a 
 series of protracted meetings by Elders Mulkey and Bryant, she 
 hailed their advent gladly. The first meetings were held in the 
 Methodist Church. These were followed up by meetings in a Grove, 
 (" God's first temple "), near the town ; considerable interest was 
 awakened, and an organization was effected by choosing Elders 
 Bridges and Manville, as elders, and Absalom P. Free, as clerk. 
 In all there were twelve members. Believing it the most available 
 point, they erected a house of worship at Reutchler's Station, 
 which through financial embarrassments they subsequently lost. 
 The organization was made May 3d, 1874, and in 1874-5 they built 
 the house they now occupy in the south-eastern part of Mascoutah, 
 at a cost of $12.30. Elder Manville, in his earnest zeal, sacrificed 
 a farm to secure the erection and proper fitting up of the house. 
 The present membership is twenty-five. The congregation has 
 been blessed by the efforts of Elder Isaac Mulkey, Elder R. L. 
 McHatton, Elder Bryant, and others. The house was dedicated to 
 the service of God, by Elder J. H. Garrison, editor of The ChiisHan, 
 October 24, 1875. At present J. H. Brinkerhoff, Principal of the 
 Public Schools of Lebanon, and W. A. Manville, are elders. A 
 Sunday-school, in connection with the church, is well kept up 
 under the superintendence of Charles Lively. Few congregations 
 of any order can point to nobler spirits than W, A. Manville ; few 
 men have the cause of Christianity more at heart than he ; fewer 
 yet have sacrificed so much in behalf of the cause. A faithful 
 pastor, a diligent worker, he is respected by all men. 
 
 ST. LUKE'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF 
 BELLEVILLE.* 
 
 The Parish of St. Luke is under the spiritual authority of the 
 Right Rev. George F. Seymour, Bishop of Springfield, and the 
 application to him for its establishment bears the date of March 
 24, 1880, and is subscribed to by the following names: — A. B. 
 Russell, Mrs. Mary E. Russell, Mrs. Jane C. Snyder, Thomas 
 Ibbotson, Mrs. Lucy M. Ibbotson, Mrs. Isabella M; Codye, Miss 
 Mary A. Park, Mrs. Sarah Henkemeyer, Mrs. Catharine Campbell, 
 Mrs. Collie McCuUough, Mi-s. Mary E. Gunn, Dr. A. B. Gunn, S. 
 H. Ingham, Mrs. Caroline Ingham, Mrs. Charles A. Monk, Mrs. M. 
 C. Mullen, Mrs. Fannie I. Schember, Miss Marie Challenor, Mrs. 
 Thomas Challenor, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Niles, Miss Agnes A. Hallam, 
 Dr. J. G. Hallam, Henry Davis, Mrs. Marie E. Davis. 
 
 This parish is yet young, but having been established with a 
 goodly number of zealous Christian workers, it is sure to grow and 
 prosper. 
 
 The parish is under the rectorship of the Rev. Frank Clendenin. 
 Alexander B. Russell is senior warden, and Henry Davis, junior 
 warden. 
 
 * Data furnished by Bev. Frank Clendenin. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIIi COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 183 
 
 THE CITY OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 I >Ba ■ij-^-g>- 6i»i i < ■ 
 
 JHE site of Belleville was selected as the county 
 seat of St. Clair county in the year 1814. As 
 the American settlers on the highlands east of 
 the American Bottom began to outnumber the 
 old French residents along the Mississippi, the 
 idea was entertained of removing the county 
 tt -«««gm5«=sw s^*t to ^ more eligible and central location 
 K >wr than the village of Cahokia. This question was 
 
 one of the issues which entered into the election of members of the 
 legislature in 1813. In December, 1813, the legislature, in session at 
 Kaskaskia, appointed John Hay, James Lemen, Isaac Enochs, Wil- 
 liam Scott, Jr., Nathan Chambers, Jacob Short and Caldwell Cains, 
 commissioners to select a new seat of justice. The commissioners met 
 at the dwelling-house of Col. William Whiteside on the twenty-fifth 
 of January, 1814, but, '■' by reason of not being thoroughly informed 
 as to their legal duties, and that no proper officer was present to 
 administer the necessary oaths," they adjourned to meet at Cahokia 
 on the following fourteenth of February. At the latter meeting no 
 decision was reached. The commissioners desired further considera- 
 tion of the subject, and a personal view of the proposed location. 
 Their next meeting was at the house of Geo. Blair, on the site of 
 the present city of Belleville. At this meeting considerable diver- 
 sity of opinion was shown, and they adjourned without being able 
 to come to any conclusion. At a subsequent meeting held at Blair's 
 house on the tenth of March, 1814, all the commissioners being 
 present, the majority fixed the county seat on Blair's land, and a 
 site for the county buildings was marked in Blair's corn-field, about 
 twenty-five rods north-east of his dwelling-house. Blair agreed to 
 give one acre of land for a public square, on which to erect the 
 public buildings, and to relinquish twenty-five acres adjoining, of 
 which every fifth lot of land, exclusive of the streets, he gave as a 
 donation for the use and benefit of the county of St. Clair. The 
 report was signed by all the commissioners except William Scott, 
 Jr., and Caldwell Cains. Blair agreed to have suitable arrange- 
 ments made so that the June term of court, 1814, could be held at 
 the new county seat. 
 
 Such was the beginning of Belleville. The locality was previ- 
 ously known as Compton Hill. It is said that the name of Belle- 
 ville, " beautiful city," was given to the place by George Blair. A 
 survey was made in the summer of 1814, by John Messenger. This 
 survey was completed some years afterward by Gov. Niniaa Ed- 
 wards, who placed it on record. An old plat is now on file made 
 on a scale of four chains to the inch. The names of the streets 
 were given by Mr. Blair. The most eastward street was called 
 
 Church street, and westward were Jackson, High, Illinois, Spring 
 and Hill streets. North and south from the public square the 
 streets were numbered First, Second and Third. The street ex- 
 tending east and west through the public square was called St. 
 Clair street, but by common usage, it has become known as Main 
 street. This and Illinois streets were laid off sixty-six feet wide, 
 and all the others forty-nine and a half feet. In the summer of 
 1814, Etienne Pensoneau was given the contract to build a court- 
 house. This was an unpainted frame building, two stories high, 
 and stood in the public square east of the site of the National He. 
 tel, and north of the present court-house. The court room occupied 
 the whole lower floor, and in the upper story were the clerk's of- 
 fices and jury rooms. The records show that for hauling to Belle- 
 ville the benches, seats and tables, from the old court-house, at 
 Cahokia, Mr. Blair was paid six dollars. A new brick court-house 
 was begun in the year 1829, and finished in 1831. It stood in the 
 public square north-east of the old building. This in turn gave 
 place to the present court-house, which was erected about 1859. 
 The first jail, of which a man named Henry Sharp was the archi- 
 tect, was built of logs, and stood in the public square, about one 
 hundred feet south-east of the site of Hinckley's bank. The second 
 jail was a two story brick building on Illinois street, east of the old 
 log jail. The third jail was built on Illinois street, above First 
 North street, and the building is still standing. It was used for 
 the confinement of prisoners till the erection of the present 
 jail. 
 
 George Blair, the original proprietor of the town, was the pioneer 
 citizen of Belleville. His dwelling was the first erected in the 
 town. For several years he kept a hotel. Gov. John Reynolds 
 says of him, that he was a man of no extraordinary talents, and that 
 his name was magnified into some fame and notoriety simply from 
 the fact that he owned the land on which the city of Belleville was 
 built. He says : 
 
 " The first time I saw Mr. Blair was in the fall of 1806, and I 
 was well acquainted with him from that time until his death. He 
 then resided in a log cabin, covered with split boards and weight 
 poles, and occupied a point just north of Hinckley's mill. This 
 log cabin and this man were somewhat similar in their humble po- 
 sition at this time, in 1806, and were the primitive specimens of the 
 men and houses that then appeared in Belleville. Mr. Blair loca- 
 ted at this place to enjoy the fine spring water that at this time is 
 used in Mr. Hinckley's steam mill. In 1814 he was a man of mid- 
 dle size and medium age, and possessed nothing attractive about 
 him. He was not wealthy at the time ; but he had purchased two 
 
184 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 militia rights of one hundred acres each, and located them on the 
 land whereon Belleville is built. He had a small farm, extendiog 
 from his log cabin to "about the north side of the public square, 
 and it was not well cultivated. Mr. Blair, like many other persons, 
 had ^ natural and inborn hatred to work, and scarcely ever per- 
 mitted^ his peace of mind to be disturbed by any kind of labor 
 whatever. He immigrated with his father to Illinois in 1796, and 
 had not the means of any, or much, education. He was no scholar, 
 but supposed he was, and he had the imprudence on all occasions, 
 in and out of order, to use words of wondrous length and mostly 
 inapplicable. I was always a guest of Mr. Blair's hotel when there 
 was no other ; and I can testify that the landlord was blessed with 
 a good nature and a 'benevolent spirit, but ' mine hostess ' was 
 pretty much the reverse of her husband, as the truth of history 
 will not permit me to call him ' her lord and master.' " 
 
 West of Blair, his nearest neighbor was Henry Miller. In 1806, 
 William Phillips settled in what is now South Belleville, about one 
 hundred and fifty yards from Reuss' mill. 
 
 With the removal of the county seat John Hay came to Belle- 
 ville, though his family still, for some years, continued to reside at 
 Cahokia. He was the son of Major Hay, the English Governor of 
 Upper Canada. He had received a liberal education, was indus- 
 trious, and on his settlement at Cahokia, was chosen to all the offi- 
 ces that required talents, writing and good penmanship. A will or con- 
 tract never carried with it quite so undisputed an authority as when 
 in his handwriting. He filled at difierent times the positions of 
 circuit clerk, county clerk, recorder, probate judge, notary public 
 and commissioner of deeds. He returned to his home at Cahokia 
 every Saturday evening, but was promptly at his post on Monday 
 morning to begin the duties of the week. After some years he re- 
 moved his family to Belleville, where he died in 1843. In 1810 
 the first mill was built at Belleville, by Elijah Chapman. This was 
 a water mill, and stood on the western side of Richland creek, not 
 far above the bridge, on the road leading to Centerville. It was 
 subsequently purchased by Etienne Pensoneau, but ceased running 
 for lack of water. In the year 1814, the first store was opened in 
 Belleville, near Chapman's mill, by Joseph Kerr. He was a brother 
 of Matthew Kerr, of St. Louis, from whom he obtained his stock 
 of goods. Among the other early merchants of Belleville were 
 Messrs. Lindell, Ringgold, Wilkinson and Pensoneau. 
 
 In the year 1815, Reuben Anderson moved from Cahokia and 
 settled in Belleville. He lived in a small log cabin on Illinois 
 street. He afterward opened a hotel, was soon elected constable, 
 and likewise served as deputy sheriflT. He was agreeable and so- 
 cial in manner, but too fond of gay and mirthful company. Among 
 the most noted of the early citizens of Bellville was James Tanne- 
 hill He was a wagon maker by trade. He became a resident of 
 Belleville in 1817. He built a large house on the south side of 
 Main street, adjoining the public square on the west, where now 
 stands the National Hotel. This house, when built, was the largest 
 in town. It was constructed of frame work and hewn logs, the logs 
 placed above the frame work. The main building was two stories 
 high, but additions and sub-additions were made to it, until the 
 whole structure, as Gov. Reynolds remarks, looked like a French 
 village. Here Tannehill kept a hotel, which, in those early days, 
 was famous. It was probably the largest hotel in southern Illinois. 
 The building was standing for about forty years, till at last the Na- 
 tional Hotel was built on the site. Here, at difierent times, many 
 prominent men were entertained, and many stirring scenes were 
 witnessed. Tannehill was a kind and attentive landlord, and was 
 anxious to afl!brd his guests any accommodation in his power. He 
 was not a good business man, his guests paid their bills only when 
 
 it suited their conveniencB, and though he and his family labared 
 ■ hard, and he, at the sams timj, carried on his trade, he could ac- 
 cumulate no money, but kept about even with the world. So he 
 disposed of the hotel to Judge Latham, of Edwardsville, and pur- 
 chased a half section of land on the High prairie, where he opened 
 up a farm. Tannehill started the first distillery at Belleville. It 
 stood near the mill, in the south part of the town, where he secured 
 a twelve-acre tract of land, covered with heavy timber, in exchange 
 for an old horse, valued at thirty-five dollars. Whiskey had been 
 previously distilled in the county, but this was the first distillery in 
 which steam was used. 
 
 Instead of the metal pipes now in use the steam was conveyed 
 through hollow logs bored for the purpose. The entire product of 
 the distillery wa3 onsumed at the hotel. It was no rare circrim- 
 stance on public occasions to empty three or four barrels of whis- 
 key in a single day. The whiskey was used in its virgin purity, 
 brought from the still one day and drank the next. A few dried 
 apples roasted brown and put into a barrel of whiskey gave it a 
 very rich color. By subitituting peaches for apples, a very fair 
 peach brandy was said to be made, for which a ready sale was had. 
 At that early period there were no temperance societies, grain of 
 all kinds was abundant, and in consequence whiskey was plentiful 
 and cheap, and its use on all occasions was free and universal. 
 Tannehill's distillery burned down in 1830 or 1831. Tannehill 
 undertook to build a wind-mill for grinding grain on his farm in 
 High prairie. He succeeded in getting the mill to run but was un- 
 able to control it, for the want of a regulator, which, it seems, he 
 did not know how to, construct. The want of this regulator resulted 
 in the complete failure of the experiment, and the destruction of 
 the whole fabric, shortly after it had been started. The mill was 
 so constructed that the wind acted upon a horizontal shaft, about 
 thirty feet long, into which long arms were framed, having a spiral 
 inclination around the shaft, the end to windward being small in 
 diameter, and increasing as it approached the mill. On these arms 
 were pinned, with wooden pins, half-inch boards, which boards 
 formed the wings or sails of the mill ; the whole when finished, re- 
 presenting the twist of an auger more than ^anything else. 
 Gearing attached to the end of ths shaft, gave motion to the 
 burrs. The wind had the greatest power when applied to 
 the outer end of the shaft. When completed, the neigh- 
 bors were all in ecstacies about the prospect of having such a mill 
 in their vicinity. But sad disappointment soon supervened. A 
 storm came on, which caused the sails to run with such velocity that 
 the runner was projected some sixty or seventy feet, where it was 
 embedded and buried in the soil, and there long afterwards it re- 
 mained. When this occurred the shaft had gained such momentum 
 that, though thrown out of his bearings, it continued to run with 
 great speed, tearing down everything before it, until it and all the 
 machinery attached was broken to pieces. 
 
 In 1828 he purchased from the heirs of Etienne Pensoneau for 
 the sum of four hundred and thirty-three dollars the old mill and a 
 tract of fifty acres of land lying west of Race street and adjoining 
 West Belleville. Harrison's, Breese's, and Kennedy's additions to 
 the city are embraced in this tract as well as much other valuable 
 property. Tannehill erected new dams and made other additions 
 and improvements, but the mill and distillery were scarcely more 
 successful in bringing him in money than the hotel had been. In 
 1832 he sold the mill and a greater part of the land to Thomas 
 Harrison for eight hundred dollars. Shortly afterward he exchanged 
 the hotel and other property in Belleville for a farm in the Ameri- 
 can Bottom, to which he moved and where he subsequently died.- 
 His farm in the High prairie he sold to John and Edward Tate for 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 185 
 
 a small sum. Among his other pursuits he filled the positions of 
 justice of the peace and jailor. He possessed great skill in the use 
 of the divining rod, in discovering springs and the general locality 
 of water — so it was said. He acquired a great reputation in this 
 art, and most folks had unlimited faith in his skill. As commonly 
 used, the divining rod is a forked, slender switch of hazel, or other 
 elastic wood. One branch of the fork was taken in each hand, the 
 two ends being held pointing downward. In this way the operator 
 passed the rod over the surface of the ground and by the particu- 
 lar inclination of the points of the rod, decided whether or not, 
 and where water might be found, and, oracle-like, gave a vague 
 hint as to the probable depth below the surface, the water would be 
 found. It was a comparatively easy matter with our credulous 
 and somewhat superstitious pioneers to establish and confirm the 
 faith of many of them in the art of using the divining rod. At 
 one time he engaged in the business of mining lead in Missouri, 
 where he employed a brother oi Robert Higgins, named Ichabod, 
 to sink a shaft, but, like the windmill, his mining operations did 
 not prove a success and therefore were abandoned. Mr. Tannehill 
 was, in stature, very large. He stood about six feet four inches 
 high, and was stoutly built. His acquired abilities were somewhat 
 limited, but he was a kind-hearted, moral and good-natured man- 
 He was a South Carolinian by birth and a zealous advocate for 
 negro slavery. 
 
 He was inconstant and fickle in business matters, and accumu- 
 lated but little of this world's goods. Though he had owned much 
 valuable property in the neighborhood of Belleville he died poor. 
 
 After Mr. Tannehill left the hotel Judge Tathara had it kept by 
 Mr. Garrison and wife. Mr. Tannehill afterward regained posses- 
 sion and kept a hotel for several years. It then passed into the 
 hands of William Orr, who died there of the cholera. After him 
 Mr. Maus became proprietor who kept a hotel in the old building 
 till he erected a new and more spacious edifice. Another hotel was 
 built on Main street a short distance east of High street, in the 
 year 1815, by Daniel Wise, which, when erected, was considered 
 quite a large building. At one time Mr. Bottsford was the land- 
 lord and gave general satisfaction to the public. From Mr. Wise 
 the building passed into the hands of an Englishman named Robi- 
 son. This gentleman had no family. He was a warm and zealous 
 Roman Catholic, and gave his property to that church. Gov. 
 Reynolds calls attention to the different passions and motives which 
 governed Tatham and Robison. He says : " I knew them well, and 
 can testify that they possessed rather better than ordinary talent?. 
 Each was well educated. Mr. Robison was a school teacher and 
 discharged his duties to the satisfaction of his employers. Tatham 
 possessed too much gallantry for his landlady ; that would lead any 
 man to ruin and death if persisted in. The pure and holy passions 
 of Mr. Robison chastened his heart, and elevated his existence into 
 elysian fields of bliss in this life, with a well-founded hope of a seat 
 at the right hand of God." 
 
 In 1815 Joseph Kerr built a log house at the corner of the pub- 
 lic square and Illinois street, on the spot where Jacob Knoeble 
 afterward built a brick hotel. The site is now occupied by the 
 Belleville House. It was one of the conspicuous buildings of the 
 place, and remained standing till 1844. 
 
 In the year 1817 Daniel Murray became a citizen of Belleville. 
 He emigrated to this state from Baltimore. He had a large and 
 respectable family, which made quite a valuable addition to the 
 community. He built a house on the lot in the northeast corner of 
 the block in which is Hickley's mill. He was a man of sound, 
 solid mind and exemplary morals, and made an excellent member 
 of society. With him came his son, John Murray, who for many 
 
 years was a useful and efficient citizen of the town, and who at dif- 
 ferent times held various offices of honor and responsibility. 
 
 Etienne Pensoneau, who purchased Mr. Blair's interest in the 
 town, was a Canadian Frenchman, and but little acquainted with 
 the English language. He possessed some wealth, though he con- 
 tributed only in a small degree to the growth and advancement of 
 the town. He had a small store of dry goods, some negro slaves, 
 the mill on Richland creek, and much other property, but seemed 
 to have not the least notion that the improvement of the city would 
 increase his wealth. It is related that about the year 1816 an 
 eastern clergyman named Taylor preached in the court-house, and 
 in the course of his sermon observed, referring to a familiar 
 portion of Scripture, that there would be two servants in a mill, 
 one would be taken and the other left. Pensoneau was ex- 
 ceedingly irritable anil hasty. This expression falling from 
 the lips of an abolition preacher put him in a flame. As soon 
 as the minister descended from the pulpit Pensoneau rushed at him 
 with the double tree of a wagon to demolish him, believing that it 
 was the intention of the preacher to take one of his slaves at the 
 mill. The incident created much merriment. 
 
 The early settlers in Belleville were principally from Virginia 
 and other Southern States. Among the families of Southern origin 
 who settled in the towQ or vicinity at an early period were those 
 of Mitchell, West, Dennis, Gay, Cohen, Greaves, Glasgow and 
 Heath. Most of these had large families and brought with them 
 their negro slaves. Their right to hold these negroes in slavery 
 was hotly contested at every term of court for four or five years, 
 and the question was finally settled by setting the negroes free. On 
 account of this some of the leading citizens removed to St. Louis 
 James Mitchell was appoiuted justice of the peace in 1821, and 
 filled that oflSce and. that of postmaster for many years. John H. 
 Dennis engaged in teaching, and for a long number of years the 
 youth of the city received from him their principal education. His 
 first school was on the north-east side of the public square, and he 
 afterward taught where Judge Snyder's residence now is. About 
 the year 1820 several brick houses were built. Gov. Ninian Ed- 
 wards and Robert K. McLaughlin erected one fronting on Main 
 street, before the removal of the former to Belleville. In 1820 
 Samuel Crane built a brick residence on High street; a carpenter 
 named Taft built another on the spot now occupied by the new 
 court-house, and S. Hull on High street, south of Second South 
 street. In 1818-19 mechanics began to make their appearance 
 and prosecute their trades. Messrs. Smith and Small carried on 
 the blacksmith business. With Mr. Small came Conrad Bornman, 
 the first German to settle in Belleville. He was then recently from 
 Germany and could scarcely speak the English language. He 
 abandoned the blacksmith trade and learned the trade of making 
 and laying brick. By prudent industry he accumulated wealth, 
 and his probity and honesty gave him high standing as a citizen. 
 He was a resident of Belleville till his death, in 1878. 
 
 In the year 1819 the town of Belleville was incorporated and 
 Daniel Murray was its first president. 
 
 The town of Belleville in 1819 or 1820, according to the recol- 
 lection of some of the old pioneer citizens still living, was composed 
 of between twenty and twenty-five families residing within the pre- 
 sent corporate limits of Belleville and West Belleville. Several of 
 these families have already been mentioned. At that period the 
 old house of George Blair on Illinois street was occupied by a store 
 which was carried on by the firm of Glasgow, Porter and Nevin. 
 The only other store was on the north side of the public square, 
 where now stands the academy of music, the proprietor of which 
 was Robert K. McLaughlin. Mr. McLaughlin was a lawyer by 
 
186 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 profession, and emigrated from Kentucky. From law he turned 
 Ivis attention to the mercantile business. After a residence of four 
 years in Belleville he removed to Vandalia. William Mears and 
 Alphonso C. Stuart were lawyers who settled at Belleville the same 
 year with Mr. McLaughlin, 1816. Stuart lost his life by an un- 
 fortunate occurrtiice to which reference is made elsewhere. Thomas 
 Cohen, who was elected burgomaster about 1820 and who afterward 
 removed to St. Louis and was elected mayor of that city, carried on 
 the business of jewelry and silversmith on Illinois street, opposite 
 Glasgow's store. The house which he occupied as a residence and 
 workshop is still standing on the east side of Illinois street about 
 fifty feet north of Second South street. It was originally a log 
 building ; was then covered with clap boards by George Eipley, 
 brother to William Ripley, whose family still lives south of Belle- 
 ville ; the clap boards then gave way to weather-boarding. Cohen 
 was a man of active mind, dressed handsomely, and wore a ruffled 
 shirt after the fashion of those days. Beside the Tannehill tavern 
 and the Robison h(>te] on Main street, a third hotel was kept by 
 Reuben Anderson, on Illinois street, in the first building north of 
 Glasgow's store. Beside those already mentioned, the following 
 families lived iu Belleville in 1819 and 1820: William Hook, son 
 in law of James Tannehill, who was a millwright and carpenter by 
 trade ; Jacob Maurer, who carried on a blacksmith shop ; Lewis W. 
 Myers who came to Belleville from Bourbon county, Kentucky, 
 and was a hatter by occupation ; and his brother, Jacob Myers, who 
 had married a sister of Robert K. McLaughlin, and who served as 
 justice of the peace. A man named Brigham kept a grocery in the 
 " old blue house " so called because plastered on the outside and 
 painted blue, which stood on the site of the present Belleville House. 
 John H. Gay and Richard Chandler were early residents of Belle- 
 ville. Edmund P.Wilkinson was one of the first justices of the 
 peace. One of the leading men in the vicinity was Mayor Wash- 
 ington West, who lived a mile and a quarter south of town. He 
 was a native of Maryland, and came to Illinois in 1818 from Botte- 
 tourt county, Virginia. 
 
 Among the celebrated characters connected with the early 
 history of the town, was Zachariah Stephenson, who was renowned 
 as a pugilist, and who enjoyed the reputation of fighting at the 
 drop of a hat. Saturday was observed as a kind of holiday ; the 
 settlers gathered in from the surrounding country, and a fight 
 was a frequent and usual Saturday entertainment. On these oc- 
 casions Stephenson was in his element, and acted as master of 
 ceremonies. He would take the crowd out doors, form a ring, 
 act as umpire, and see that the combatants had fair play. When 
 one of them cried " Enough," Zach. rushed in and separated the 
 men, and brought the fight to a close. He frequently took part 
 in these conflicts, as principal, and on one of these occasions had 
 a piece bit out of his ear, and he carried the mark to his dying- 
 day. He got even, however, for he bit off the nose of his oppo- 
 nent, Jennings Gaskill. This fight happened at the corner of the 
 public square, where the court-house now stands. The ofiicers of 
 the law never thought in those days of interfering with these 
 proceedings. These fights originated from trivial causes, and after 
 they were over, the participants shook hands and were good 
 friends again, seldom harboring any ill-feeling or resentment. 
 
 James Affleck, now a resident of Belleville, has resided continu- 
 ously in the town since 1820. He came to St. Clair county with 
 his parents in the year 1817. His brother, Robert G. Affleck, was 
 also a resident of Belleville till 1866, when he moved to Missouri. 
 Mrs. James Mitchell, who is now living in Belleville, became a resi. 
 dent of the town in December, 1819. She says, at that time, there 
 were only two houses in Belleville with a shingle roof. Her first 
 
 husband, David Blackwell, was a lawyer, and represented St. Clair 
 county in the legislature a number of terms. He was a strong 
 anli-slavery man, and for a time published a paper at Vandalia, 
 devoted to the anti-slavery cause. Her second husband, James 
 Mitchell, was for a long time postmaster at Belleville. 
 
 THE STUAET-BENNETT DUEL. 
 
 In February, 1819, occurred one of the most lamrntable inci- 
 dents in the history of Belleville — the killing of Alphonso C. Stuart, 
 in a sham duel with Timothy Bennett. It appears that a horse be- 
 longing to Bennett was accustomed to break loose, enter the neigh- 
 bors' fields, and make havoc among the growing corn and other 
 crops. A field of Stuart's was a frequent object of these visits, and 
 from this cause an ill-feeling arose between the two men. On one 
 occasion a man in Stuart's employment shot the horse with beans, 
 which greatly excited Bennett's anger. While in a furious pas- 
 sion, Bennett met Jacob Short and Nathan Fike, who concluded it 
 would be sport to have Bennett challenge Stuart, and then have a 
 sham duel fought. The preliminaries were all arranged in the old 
 Tannehill hotel, which stood on the corner where the National 
 Hotel now stands. All the parties to the afiair understood that the 
 rifles were to be loaded with powder only. It is said, that just be- 
 fore starting to the ground where the duel was to be fought, Bennett 
 stepped into an alley and rammed a ball down his rifle. This act 
 was witnessed by Miss Tannehill (subsequently Mrs. Rader), whose 
 testimony afterward in the trial was of material aid in securing 
 Bennett's conviction. The duel was fought just south of where the 
 City Park now is. Nathan Fike and Jacob Short acted as seconds. 
 When all had been prepared, the principals were placed forty yards 
 apart and told to await the signal to fire. Bennett fired before the 
 sign was given ; his aim was sure, and Stuart fell, shot through the 
 heart, and died instantly. Stuart had not discharged his rifle. The 
 affair was the cause of great excitement and consternation. Bennett 
 and the two seconds, Fike and Short, were arrested. Bennett was 
 confined in the county jail, which was built of logs. At the spring 
 term of the circuit court all three were indicted for murder. Ben- 
 nett, by means of an inch auger, bored his way out and escaped 
 before the trial. Two years later he was recaptured ; brought to 
 Belleville, tried at a special term of the circuit court, found guilty, 
 and was hanged on the third of September, 1821, in an old field 
 where now stands the town of West Bellville, in the presence of an 
 immense concourse of spectators. Short and Fike, after lying for 
 a time in jail, were brought to trial and acquitted. The trial of 
 Bennett was perhaps the most celebrated and exciting that ever 
 occurred in the history of St Clair county. John Reynolds, then 
 chief justice, sat upon the bench ; Daniel P. Cook was the prose- 
 cuting attorney, and the defence was conducted by Col. Thomas H. 
 Benton. The duel was fought on the 8th of February, 1819. 
 
 The following entries concerning this celebrated trial appear in 
 the circuit court record : — 
 
 Monday, March 8th, 1819.— Members present : Hon. John Reynolds, judge j 
 John Hay, sheriff; William A. Beard, clerk. 
 
 Members of Grand Inquest.— Benjamin Watts, foreman ; Solomon Teeter, 
 Eobert Abernathy, Jacob Ogle, Jr., James Marney, William Padfield, Fran- 
 cis Swan Robert Lemen, Henry Hutton, Joshua Oglesby, Marshal Duncan, 
 Curtis Moore, George Prickett, Jos. Penn, William Bridges, John Leach, 
 David Everet, Theophilus M. Nichols, John Hendricks, James Walker, Adam 
 Caatleberry, William T. Kincade, Jeremiah Hand— 23, who all appeared and 
 received their charge, and retired to consult of presentments. 
 
 Persons sworn to go before the Grand .Jury.— Reuben Anderson, James 
 Park, James Kincade, James Read, Daniel Million, Benjamin Million, Peter 
 Sprinkle, Rachel Tannehill. 
 
 Nicholas Horner excused from serving on the traverse jury. 
 
mSTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 187 
 
 Tlie grand jurors returned from their retirement, and presented a bill of in- 
 dictment against Timothy Bennett, Jacob .Short, and Nathan Fike, for 
 murder. 
 
 And thereupon, by order of the court, the clerk issued his pr>ces3 directei 
 to the HherifF of the county, to bring forth the body of the said Timothy Ben- 
 nett; and thereupon the sheriff returns : ''The within named Timothy Ben- 
 "nett has made his escape by breaking the Jail of St. Clair county, therefore 
 " I cannot bring his body in the court as I am commanded. 
 
 "Wm. a. Beard, Sheriff of St. Clair county." 
 
 Ordered that the court adjourn sit>e die. 
 
 [Signed.] John Reynolds. 
 
 The case was called again at the naxt term, Tuesday, June 15. 1819, and 
 the recognizances of James and Richel Tannehill, witnesses, taken in the 
 sum of $100 each for their appearance on the following day to testify. 
 
 Wednesday, June 16. — The case against Jacob Short and Nathan Fike 
 called. 
 
 And thereupon comes as well the said defendants, to wit : Jacob Short and 
 Nathan Fike. As the attorney-general and the said defen 1 ints sny, they are 
 not guilty in manner and form as in the indictment against them is alleged, 
 and of this they put themselves upon the country, and the attorney-general 
 doth the like. Therefore it is commanded that a jury of twelve good and 
 lawful men who neither is. etc., because, etc., and the Jurors of the jury of 
 which mention is within made, being called, to wit: Isaac Clark, Eli Hart, 
 Isaac Bairey, D.miel Phillips, Henry Stout, Patrick Johu«ou, Divid Coons. 
 Andrew Maurer, Peter Hill, William McNeal, Brice Virtjin and John C it- 
 ton, who being duly elected, tried and swore the truth of and upon the pre- 
 mises to speak. 
 
 Or.lered that the court adjourn to tomorrow mornin», 8 o'clock. 
 
 Thursday, June 17, 1819. — Trial had and the following order entered up : 
 
 Upon their oaths do say that the said defendants are not guilty in manner 
 and form as in the said indictment against them is alleged : therefore it is 
 considered by the court that the said defendants be acquitted and discharged 
 of the charge aforesaid, and go thereof without a day, etc. 
 
 This acquitted Short and Fike of the charge against them. The 
 next proceedings were had after Bennett was retaken, an 1 are as 
 follows : 
 
 State op Illinois. \ss. 
 
 . At a special circuit court called and held at the court-house in Balleville 
 for and within the county of St. Clair, on Thursday, the twenty-sixth day of 
 July, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and twenty-one, were 
 pre'sint : 
 
 The Hon. John Reynolds, justice, William A. Beard, Esq., sheriff, John 
 Hay, clerk. 
 
 Names of Grand Inquest. 
 
 William Gla-sgow, foreman; James Cohen, David Sparks, John Eider, 
 Daniel Burkey, William L. Whiteside, James Marney, Ho.sea Risrg, .Jacob 
 Whiteside, Richard W. Chandler, Daniel Phillips, John Thomas, James 
 Pulliam, Archibald Allen, Jo^^eph Wilbank^, Hanry Stout, Daniel Million, 
 John Leach, Tilghman West, Thomas Gillham, George Harris, John Scott 
 and John Glass, who all appeared and were sworn. 
 
 Thereupon the grand jury having received their charge from the bench, 
 retired to consider of presentments. 
 
 The grand jury returned from their retirement and presented the following 
 bill of indictment : 
 
 THE PEOPLE 1 
 
 vs. V Indictment for Murder. 
 
 TIMOTHY BENNETT. J 
 
 Thereupon it was ordered that process i.ssue to the sheriff of St. Clair 
 county commanding him that he have the body of Timothy Bennett, a 
 prisoner now in the gaol of the county aforesaid under safe and secure con- 
 duct before the court here immediately to an.swer an indictment against him 
 for murder. 
 
 The sheriff of St. Clair county, agreeable to process to him directed com- 
 manding him to have the body of Timothy Bjnnett, a prisoner confined in the 
 gaol of the county aforesaid, brings into court here the said Timothy Bennett 
 accordingly, and beipg demanded of him whether he is guilty of the felony 
 aforesaid, or not guilty, says he is not guilty thereof, and for his trial puts 
 himself upon God and his country, and the a'. toiney general in behalf of the 
 I)eople of the state of Illinois likewise. 
 
 And thereupon it is ordered by the court that a Jury come instanter, wlio 
 neither is, etc., as well, etc, and the Jurors of the Jury of which mention is 
 within made, being called, to wit : Noah Matheny, John A. Mauzy, James 
 Simmons, Burill Hill, John Cotton — 
 
 Ordered that the court adjourn until to morrow morning, 9 o'clock. 
 
 Friday the 2Tth of July, 1820.— Court opened according to adjournment. 
 Present as before. James C Work, George W. Jack, Joel R Small, Elijah 
 Davis, James Fox and Zachariah Stephenson, and who being duly elected, 
 tried and sworn the truth to speak of and upon the premises, and having 
 heard the evidence. 
 
 Ordered that the court adjourn to to morrow morning, 7 o'clock. 
 
 Saturday, 2Sth July, 1821. — Court optned according to adjournment. Pre- 
 sent as before. 
 
 The jury here returned their verdict : 
 
 Upon their oaths do say that Timothy Bennett is guilty of the felony 
 aforesaid in manner and form as in the indictment against him is alleged, 
 and it being demanded of him if anything for himself he had or knew to say 
 why the court have to Judgment and execution against him of and upon the 
 premises should not proceed, lie said he had nothing but what he had before 
 said. Thereupon it is considered by the court that he be hanged by the 
 neck until he be dead, and that the sheriff' of this county do cause execution 
 of this judgment to be done and performed upon him the said Timothy Ben- 
 nett, on Monday the third day of September next, between the hours often in 
 the forenoon and four in the afternoon, at or near the town of Belleville. 
 
 PROGRESS OP BELLEVILLE. 
 
 For several years subsequent to 1818, Belleville was stationary 
 in its growth. Business suffered, the population of the town re- 
 ceived no new accessions, and many of the former residents moved 
 away. This period of hard times affected not only Belleville, but 
 all the settlements in Illinois, and was an incident of the financial 
 crisis which was brought on the country by the war with England. 
 Weeds sprouted in the streets and public square. Corn sold as low 
 as seven cents a bushel, and good cows at five dollars. Blair, dis- 
 couraged with the prospect, sold his interests in the town to Etienne 
 Pensoneau. Pensoneau was conservative and unprogressive, and 
 contributed little to the advancement of the town. This period of 
 stagnation continued till about the year 1828. Pensoneau sold his 
 property in Belleville to Gov. Ninian Edwards, then resident of 
 Edwardsville, and from this incident more than any other, may be 
 dated the staady and prosperous growth of Belleville. Reynolds 
 says that no individual in Illinois was as well calculated to start a 
 town into existence as Gov. Edwards. " He was then a private citi- 
 zen, and possessed wealth and talents, and a becoming ambition to 
 increase his fortune. He permitted no honorable occasion to escape 
 where he could make money. He was a man of fine talents, rather 
 on the brilliant and showy order, and was an accomplished orator, 
 and also a classical scholar. He never abandoned his literary 
 studies till the hour of his death. Possessing a fine library, he 
 used his books not for show in a book case, but for the intrinsic 
 merits of the works. He was active and enterprising in politics, 
 and had many bitter enemies, as all great men have. The men 
 opposed to Gov- Edwards in politics never gave him the credit for 
 talents and merit that he in my opinion deserved." While still a 
 resident of Edwardsville, he established a store in Belleville, with a 
 fine stock of goods, James Mitchell acting as his agent. On his 
 removal to Belleville a year or two afterwards, he took personal 
 charge of the store, and Mr. Mitchell opened another on his own 
 account. Gov. Edwards put forth every effort to promote the 
 growth of the town. To mechanics and others he offered liberal 
 inducements by selling them building lots at merely nominal prices, 
 and allowing them to make their own terms as to time of payment. 
 He advertised the town far and near, and as a consequence immi- 
 gration began to pour in, both from the older states and from Eu- 
 rope.. Thomas Harrison bought an old tread-mill on High street, 
 
188 
 
 EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 and began the manufacture of flour, prosecuting the business with 
 a sound practical judgment, which was a great benefit both to the 
 town aud the surrounding country. Then coal was discovered, and 
 attention drawn to the fact that Belleville possessed rare advan- 
 tages for the manufacturing business. About the year 1829 the 
 Germans began to arrive, and taking advantage of the low price at 
 which almost everything was then held, bought mostly for cash many 
 of the finest locations, both in the town and the surrounding country. 
 In 1828 there were only two German families in the town ; those of 
 Jacob Maurer and Conrad Bornmann, both engaged in the black- 
 smith business. During the years 1832 and 1833, a large German 
 immigration came to St. Clair county, and many enterprising, libe- 
 ral and educated citizens of that nationality made Belleville their 
 home. The following names of German citizens appear as found- 
 ers of a library in July, 1836 : Edward Gilgard, Fritz Wolf, Fritz 
 Hilgard, Fr. Th. Engelmann, Sr., Theo. Hilgard, Jr., Julius 
 Scheve, Gustavus Koerner, Anton Schott, Hermann Wolf, George 
 Bunsen, Wilhelm Decker, Joseph Ledergerber, Adolph Reuss, Otto 
 Hilgard, Adolph BereJielmann, and J. C. Hildenbrandt. 
 
 Belleville became an incorporated city in 1850, and adopted the 
 same charter as governed the city of Springfield. Theodore J. Kraft 
 was elected the first Mayor. In 1877 the city adopted a new o'r- 
 jjanization under the general state law, and the number of wards 
 was increased from four to seven. The following gentlemen have 
 filled the office of Mayor since 1850 : 
 
 1850 Theodore J.Kraft. 
 
 1851 Edward Abend. 
 
 1852 J. W. Pulliani. 
 
 1853 Joseph B. Underwood. 
 
 1854 William C Davis. 
 
 1854 James W. Hughes, 
 
 (To fill out unexpired term of William C. Davis). 
 
 1855 and 1856 James W. Hughes. 
 
 1857 and 1858 Edward Abend. 
 
 1859 and 1860 Peter Wilding. 
 
 1860 Frederick K. Pieper, 
 
 (To fill out unexpired term of Peter Wilding). 
 
 1861 and 1862 Henry Goedekirg. 
 
 1863 and 1864 Charlts Palm. 
 
 1865 Herman Burckhardt. 
 
 1866 Joseph Kirkpalriek. 
 
 1867 and 1868 Frederich Ropiequet. 
 
 1869 and 1870 Hi nry Abend. 
 
 1871 and 1872 Peter Wilding. 
 
 1873 and 1874 H. G. Webber. 
 
 1875 and 1876 Peter Wilding. 
 
 1877 and 1878 Henry A. Kircher. 
 
 1879 and 1880 Peter Wilding. 
 
 1881 Benjamin J. West, Jr. 
 
 The following are the present elective officers of the city : 
 
 Mayor Benjamin J. West, Jr. 
 
 Clerk James W. McCulIough. 
 
 Treasurer John Winter. 
 
 Attorney William J. Underwood. 
 
 Aldermen. — First Ward August Scheske, Robert Rogers. 
 
 Second " F. A. Benedict, William Albrecht. 
 
 Third " F. Kretschmer, G. F. Baumann. 
 
 Fourth " Martin Herr, Peter Stauder. 
 
 Fifth " Joseph Leopold, C. Heinfelden. 
 
 Sixth " William Wehraeier, H. R Willmann. 
 
 Seventh " Henry Ehret, Samuel Strohmberg. 
 
 EAELY PHYSICIANS OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 Dr. Estes is said to have been the first physician who settled in 
 Belleville. He built a residence a few hundred yards south of the 
 public square in 1815. Reynolds says of him that he had a strong 
 
 mind, but that it was not properly balanced. He was the captain 
 of the band of regulators, organized in 1815 to protect the com- 
 munity from horse-thieves and other criminals. It was generally 
 believed that they dealt out justice in a very efiective and summary 
 manner. Estes afterward removed to another locality. 
 
 Dr. Schogg was a contemporary of Dr. Estes. " He was a 
 noxious vapor, shedding light and darkness so close to each other, 
 that he put the whole town in an uproar. He had two shooting 
 matches, using pistols, and their targets were their own bodies- 
 The combat arose from the same cause wherein Troy was de- 
 stroyed." 
 
 Dr. Joseph Green, who married the widow of Alphonso C. Stuart, 
 was a man of quiet and peaceable disposition, and for a long time 
 practiced his profession. He was reasonable in his charges, regu- 
 lating his fees by his judgment of human nature and the wealth of 
 his patients. He was remarkably humane and kind in his treat- 
 ment of the dumb creation. He would frequently get down ofi" his 
 horse, and lead the animal to rest him. For many years an old 
 sorrel horse was his companion on his visits to his patients. He 
 would ride no other. Sometimes persons would come for him in 
 a buggy, hoping to obtain his presence quickly, but if old sorrel 
 was not at hand he would walk. The Dr. possessed great caution, 
 and would always dismount from his horse before crossing a bridge. 
 A neighbor borrowed the horse one day, and in ignorance of the 
 Dr.'s habits, endeavored to cross a bridge without dismounting. He 
 plied spur and whip without avail. The horse would not budge. 
 At length getting ofi" he secured a hickory withe, and mounting 
 again, at length succeeded in getting the horse across. The next 
 time the worthy Dr. traveled that road he was almost startled out 
 of his wits by the sorrel's bolting across the bridge at a headlong 
 gait without giving him time to get off. He had passed his early 
 life among the Pennsylvania Germans, and he and Lewis and 
 Jacob Myers were the first persons in Belleville who could speak 
 the German language. He was also acquainted with the French. 
 He was elected to the legislature in 1837. He was a warm Whig, 
 and strong advocate of internal improvements, particularly the 
 building of railroads. He died in 1842. He interested himself in 
 silk culture, procured silk worms, and erects J a cocoonery. His 
 wife made the silk into thread on an ordinary spinning wheel, and 
 then wove the thread into a kind of cloth. 
 
 Dr. William G. Goforth settled in the town in 1816 or 1817, and 
 died in 1835. He is said to have been a singular man, both in 
 mental characteristics and physical appearance. He looked and 
 acted like no one else. He practiced medicine successfully, though 
 perhaps he relied as much on his natural genius and experience as 
 on his scientific knowledge of the profession. He felt the patient's 
 pulse, examined his tongue, and as quick as thought adopted a 
 course of treatment. Gov. Reynolds always went to him when 
 sick. He was very tall, with a long and slender neck. He had 
 the reputatioaof being the homeliest man in all the country round. 
 The story was current that a man of great utlattractiveness of ap- 
 pearance once came to Belleville from an eastern state, carrying a 
 jack-knife, which had been presented to him in consideration of 
 being so homely a man. Meeting Dr. Goforth's brother then tem- 
 porarily residing at Belleville, and who resembled the doctor as to 
 looks, the stranger stopped him and wanted to hand over the jack- 
 knife, remarking that it had been given him with the direction to 
 carry it till he could find a homelier man, and at last he thought 
 he had succeeded. 
 
 "No," replied Goforth, "I am not the man you wish to see. 
 You must find my brother." Dr. Goforth carried the knife for a 
 long time, but finally met a man from Madison county, to whom 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 189 
 
 it was awarded. He took to drinking: reformed and delivered 
 addresses on the subject of temperance, but again fell a victim to 
 his old habits. He was a reckless rider, and one day when intoxi- 
 cated, was thrown from his horse just outside of town and killed. 
 
 Dr. William Heath, one of the early physicians, was a Virginian 
 by birth. He was a Methodist minister also, and preached at oc- 
 casional intervals. He held that a physician must live, and when 
 practice was light he charged high- fees, and vice versa. He had 
 the reputation of making long prayers and big bills. He charged 
 the McClintock family one hundred and twenty dollars, a large 
 sura in those days, for his services during one season's sickness. He 
 moved to St. Louis, and died at Alton. 
 
 Dr. Francis J. Crabb was one of the early practitioners of medi- 
 cine. His first wife was a daughter of Edward Mitchell, and his 
 second wife was an Ogle. A physician named Dr. Woodworth 
 settled in Belleville soon after 1820, practiced medicine for a num- 
 ber of years, and then moved away. 
 
 Lewis W. Myers opened the first hat store in Belleville. Jefier- 
 son Goforth and David Miley also, each kept a hat store subse- 
 quently. Myers remained in that business for a long time ; Goforth 
 and Miley, only a short space of time. At one time the tanning of 
 leather was carried on here quite extensively ; among those en- 
 gaged in the business were Bichard Chandler, who had an exten- 
 sive yard and the machinery necessary for tanning, on the five lots 
 now in part owned and occupied by Mr. Heckel as a planing mill 
 and sash factory. The tannery was afterwards carried on by dif- 
 ferent persons, among whom may be mentioned Talbott, John Eck- 
 ert. Brooks, Beard, and lastly, David Swyer. The saddlery and 
 harness manufacturing business was also carried on somewhat ex- 
 tensively by John D. Hughes, afterward county judge, who em- 
 ployed a large force of journeymen. Hb supplied a large territory 
 with saddles, bridles and harness, for everybody rode on horseback 
 then, both male and female (carriages not having come into general 
 use at that time). Amoug the journeymen who worked at that bu- 
 siness for Mr. Hughes, was Samuel B. Chandler, and there are 
 those now living who remember him as a most excellent mechanic. 
 Tailoring was also an important branch of business, and Theodore 
 Gray, a man named Spilliard, John Blackwell, Robert Hughes, a 
 man named Lyons, and others, supplied the demand in that line. 
 
 Large quantities of light coopers' work were also made here in 
 early days. Arthur Ellis filled many contracts, but he sold most 
 to Nathan Cole, who was a heavy beef and pork packer at Illinois- 
 town, or East St. Louis as it is now known. 
 
 Mr. Fleishbein opened up the first brewery in Belleville. Shortly 
 afterward George Busch erected the old Anderson brewery, and the 
 erection of others followed in rapid succession. 
 
 Cooking stoves w ere first brought into use here about 1834. Be- 
 fore then, the old chimuey-coruer log furnished the only conve- 
 nience for cooking known to the western settlers. 
 
 In 1830 Joseph Scott erected a carding-mill at Belleville, which 
 he operated during the winter season of each year. 
 
 First Fire Company. — A book of constitution and by-laws of 
 the Belleville Fire Company, published in 1841, gives the roll of 
 the officers and privates of the company. It will be seen that the 
 list embraces the names of several prominent gentlemen, some of 
 whom have since become distinguished citizens of the state : 
 
 William McClintock, President; John Ward, Vice-President; D. 
 W. Hopkins, Secretary; Samuel B. Chandler, Captain; Alexander 
 Rainey, 1st Lieutenant ; Augustus Hasel, 2d Lieutenant ; Joseph 
 Sturgis, 1st Engineer; James L. Davis, 2d Engineer. 
 
 Engine Jlfew.— William McClintock, John "Ward, D. W. Hop- 
 kins, N. Pensoneau, J. R. Nolen, T. H. Kimber, John Flanagan, 
 
 A Hildenbrandt, Joseph Meyer, Gustav P. Koerner, John A. Sum- 
 merville, Alex. iN. Green, Lyman Trumbull, A. T. Terrill, T. J. 
 Burnett, J. L. D. Morrison and C. Tittmann. 
 
 Hose and Water iJfew.— Alexander Rainey, William C. Kinney, 
 John Mace, Jacob Knoebel, James Affleck, R. P. Hughes, J. B. 
 Lyons, Jos. Smith, N. B. Atlierton and E. Tittmann. 
 
 Hooh and Ladder Men. — Augustus Hasel, Henry Johnson, Nel- 
 son Green, C. Westermann, R. G. Affleck, Enoch Luckey, George 
 W. Hook, Christian Kaysing, Christoph Vierheller, Geo. Eckert 
 and Charles Knoebel. 
 
 All are now deceased except William McClintock, J. R. Nolen, 
 Gustav P. Koernei-, Lyman Trumbull, J. L. D. Morrison, James 
 Affleck, R. G. Affleck and Christoph Vierheller. 
 
 The first engine used by the company was bought by Gustavus 
 Koerner in the city of Baltimore, and was called the Depford, 
 and afterward passed into the possession of the South Belleville 
 Fire Company. It cost about one hundred and fifty dollars, and 
 was shipped by water from Baltimore to New Orleans, and thence 
 to St. Louis. 
 
 Cholera.— In 1832 and 1833, and again in 1849, the cholera 
 was prevalent in Belleville. The first death in Belleville from the 
 disease occurred in 1832. The victim was a man from Washington 
 county who had passed through Belleville on his way to St. Louis, 
 had spent two days and nights in the city, and, returning, camped 
 out three miles west of Belleville. He was taken with the cholera, 
 and was too unwell to reach town. He came to Belleville the next 
 morning. None of the hotels or boarding houses would receive him, 
 and he died in the court-house the succeeding night. Dr. William 
 Mitchell was the attending physician. The deaths in 1833 ex- 
 ceeded those of the previous year. When any one was taken 
 with the disease death was considered certain. A man named Sa- 
 muel Crane, a bricklayer, who had just commenced building a mill 
 for Richard Raper on the present site of Hinckley's mill, was one 
 of those who died. His coffin was made and taken to the house in 
 which he lay sick, before he was dead, and within one hour after 
 his death he was buried. Another victim was Thomas .Kelley. At 
 noon he was working in the harvest field, and at night he was 
 buried. Among others who died were an old man named John 
 Vaughn, Mrs. Berry, and the wife of James Tannehill. The death 
 of Gov. Ninian Edwards occurred from cholera on the twentieth of 
 July, 1833. The town was again visited with the cholera in 1849, 
 and in that year the deaths were numerous. More than fifty cho- 
 lera victims were interred in the Belleville burying ground. After 
 that year there were no further interments in the old graveyard, 
 which was deeded by the Edwards family to the city of Belleville. 
 
 Churches. — Belleville has nine churches belonging to the 
 Methodist, Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian, German Methodi&t, 
 Lutheran, Evangelical, Roman Catholic, Colored Methodist and 
 Colored Baptist denominations. A Protestant Episcopal church 
 was also organized in 1880, but no church building has yet been 
 erected. 
 
 The Catholics have parish schools in connection with their 
 church, and also a young ladies' seminary, known as the Institute 
 of the Immaculate Conception, which occupies a fine and spacious 
 building- 
 
 St. Agnes Orphans' Asylum is a charitable institution under the 
 management and control of the Roman Catholics. It occupies a 
 building, erected in l8fe0 at a cost exceeding eight thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 Six newspapers are published in Belleville, two in the Geiman 
 language. Both German papers issue daily and weekly numbers. 
 The English papers are published weekly. 
 
190 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 The city has been fortunate in escaping serious injury from fire; 
 a fact which may be in part attributed to the solid and substantial 
 character of the buildings. At present there is no regularly-or- 
 ganized fire department. The city owns two first-class steam fire 
 engines, each of which is placed in charge of an engineer, fireman, 
 and three hoseraen, who are paid according to actual services ren- 
 dered in case of fire. 
 
 Belleville Saengerbund and Libraey Society. — After 
 the Napoleonic wars, the German people, having risen to defend 
 the thrones of their native princes, expected to live in the enjoy- 
 ment of more liberal laws than were accorded to them during the 
 last century. But the thirty-seven princes, unmindful of their 
 sacred promises, oppressed the people more and more, until the 
 tyranny became so great and intolerable, that the woU-minded 
 citizens began to feel the salvation of their country was possible 
 only by a general overthrow of the existing dynasties. A conspi- 
 racy of the patriots, known under the name of the " Black League," 
 extended over all parts of Germany, uniting citizens of all classes, 
 old and young. When the cry of " Liberty, Fraternity et Egalitd," 
 resounded from the banks of the Seine, proclaiming the second re- 
 publican France, the patriots on the right bank of the Rhine be- 
 lieved the time had come for them to proceed to action in the " Fa- 
 therland." Mass meetings were held and speedily dissolved by the 
 police, the leaders were incarcerated, and a general despotism pre- 
 vailed. In the spring of 1833 several revolts broke out in the Pa- 
 latinate and other parts of Germany, but proved unsuccessful ; and 
 many of the participants, to avoid imprisonment and capital pun- 
 ishment, were forced to flee from their native soil. At that time 
 the first direct news of our young republic had reached the old world, 
 and, excited by the hope of leading a more congenial life in the 
 wildernesses of the Hudson, Ohio and Mississippi, the unhappy 
 victims of misrule and despotism turned their backs on Europe and 
 came to the United States. Their first intention was to form colo- 
 nies in the West, but discord among the members soon led to the 
 abandonment of these schemes. A little band of these Germans 
 settled in St. Clair county. They were mostly men of letters, not 
 used to wield the plow and axe, and their success as farmers was 
 consequently but moderate. Yet they had not in vain received a 
 classical education; their love of study and good books did not die 
 among the daily labors of the farm, and after the first struggles for 
 the necessities of life, they bethought themselves how they might 
 form a collection of the books which were scattered among the 
 several families, and how they might augment the same. Many of 
 the settlers had upon their arrival here made it their business to 
 study the laws and institutions under which they were to live, and 
 the desire to own " Jared Sparks' Life of Washington," led to the 
 first step toward founding the German Library of St. Clair county. 
 
 One Sunday afternoon, July 17th, 1836, sixteen of the German 
 settlers, Edward Hilgard, Fritz Wolf, Fritz Hilgard, Fr. Th. En- 
 gelmann, Sr., Theo. Hilgard, Jr., JuliusScheve, Gustavus Koeriier 
 Anton Schott, Hermann Wolf, George Bunsen, Wilhelm Decker, 
 Joseph Ledergerber, Adolph Reuss, Otto Hilgard, Adolph Berchel- 
 mann, and J. C Hildenbrandt, met at the house of Anton Schott, 
 for the purpose of taking the necessary steps toward collecting the 
 scattered books and founding a library. Anton Schott read a me- 
 morial setting forth his views upon the subject. He closed his 
 remarks with the following sentence : " Thus, in the course of time 
 a considerable library may be formed, which may, perhaps, be 
 useful to our posterity in inciting them to scientific research, and 
 aiding them in mental culture." Each one of the above-named six- 
 teen gentlemen subscribed $3.00 toward the purchase of "Life and 
 Writings of Washington," and lliis organized the St. Clair County 
 
 Library Association. Anton Schott was unanimously chosen libra- 
 rian, and George Bunsen and Gustavus Koerner directors. At a 
 subsequent meeting, in the summer of the same year, a constitution 
 was adopted, and the association received its charter by the next 
 session of the legislature. 
 
 At first, the number of books increased but slowly, but when the 
 following years sent more Germans hither, the members, and conse- 
 quently the means for augmenting the library, increased. The 
 meetings were held semi-annually at the houses of the several mem- 
 bers, and united the families of the settlement. These meetings 
 partook more of the nature of picnics, and singing and dancing, 
 and other social amusements, were the order of the day. 
 
 Until 1852 the library was kept at the house of Anton Schott, 
 when it was removed to the Odd Fellows' Hall in Belleville, and 
 Carl Rau succeeded Mr. Schott as librarian. He in turn was suc- 
 ceeded by Joseph Kircher in 1855, until, in July, 1859, steps were 
 taken to consolidate the association with the Belleville Saenger- 
 bund, an organization founded 1855 for the culture of vocal music 
 and sociability. The negotiation between the two associations lasted 
 for over a year ; a charter was obtained in 1860, and Anton Schott 
 chosen president, Frederick Reiss treasurer and secretary, Gustavo 
 Kellermann librarian, and Jacob Weingaertner and Bernhard 
 Wiek directors. In 1861 Henry Raab was chosen librarian : he 
 still holds the office to-day. 
 
 The library, having been founded by Grermans, contains the most 
 select productions of German literature, principally works in history, 
 geography, natural sciences and fiction ; nor are the standard Eng- 
 lish works in these branches of literature wanting. The Greek and 
 Roman classics, mostly donations of the founders, give evidence of 
 the predilections of these men. Senators and representatives from 
 Illinois have contributed freely to its treasures. The principal pe- 
 riodicals, both English and German, are kept on file, also a com- 
 plete set of congressional documents graces its shelves. The library 
 now numbers upwards of 6,000 volumes. The number of members 
 is about 110. 
 
 THE MASONIC ORDER 
 
 Obtained a strong foothold in Belleville in 1843, by the organization 
 of St. Clair Lodge, Na 24, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. 
 The lodge was organized on the fourteenthday of December. John 
 C. Theil was the first master. Archimedes Masonic Lodge, No. 377, 
 received its charter on the eighth of October, 1863. Theodore 
 Joerg was the first to fill the chair of worshipful master. On the 
 fourth of October, 1867, Belleville Chapter, No. 186, of Royal Arch 
 Masons, was instituted ; the first H. P. was John N. Ryan. 
 
 The following secret societies exist in Belleville : 
 
 ilfasonic.— St. Clair Lodge, No. 24 ; Archimedes Lodge, No. 377 ; 
 Belleville Chapter, No. 106, R. A. M. ; Tancred Commandery, No. 
 60, K. T. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows. — Belleville Lodge, No. 338 ; 
 Enterprise Lodge, No. 369 ; Pride of the West Lodge, No. 650 ; 
 St. Clair Encampment, No. 92 ; Belleville Encampment, No. 169 ; 
 (West Belleville.) 
 
 Dratds.— -Illinois Grove, No. 1 ; St. Clair Grove, No. 29. 
 
 Knights o/flbreor.— Belleville Lodge, No. 429 ; Arminius Lodge, 
 No. 582 ; Washington Lodge, No. 1180. 
 
 Knights of Pythias.— Ga,va.lier Lodge, No. 49 ; Lessing Lodge, 
 No. 71. 
 
 Independent Order of Mutual ilirf.— Friendship Lodge, No. 2. 
 
 Ancient Order United Foremen.— Belleville Lodge, No. 108; 
 Gerstiiecker Lodge, No. 138. 
 
 Ro'jal Templars of Temperance.— ^%. Clair Council, No. 41. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 191 
 
 Treubund — Teutonia Lodge, No. 5 ; Kuetli Lodge, No. 21 ; 
 Freundschaft Lodge, No. 35 ; Columbia Lodge, No. 34. 
 
 Harugari. — Herniaim Lodge, No. 286 ; Freiligarths Lodge, 
 No. 415. 
 
 Order of Sons of Hermann. — Standhaft Lodge, No. 22. 
 
 Belleville Working Men's Society. 
 
 The St. Clair County Agricultural Board holds an annual fair 
 ci>mmencing on the second Tuesday in October. The capital stock 
 is $7,500. The grounds, which are located in the northern portion 
 of the city of Belleville, embrace twenty acres, and are well shaded 
 and well improved. The exhibition hall is 150 by 60 feet in di- 
 mensions, and cost $8,200. It was built during the years 1864, 
 1868 and 1872. Two amphitheatres, built at an expense of $3,400, 
 adjoin the ring. This society was first organized in 1853, and was 
 reorganized in August, 1872, under the name of the St. Clair 
 County Agricultural and Mechanical Society. The name of the St. 
 Clair County Agricultural Board was adopted in February, 1881. 
 The recent annual fairs have been well attended and successful, 
 with a particularly good display of agricultural machinery. 
 
 PRESENT OFFICERS. 
 
 Pkesident JOSEPH REICHERT. 
 
 Vice-President J. H. ATKINSON. 
 
 Tkeasurbe... F. H. PIEPER. 
 
 Secretary GUSTAVUS F. HILGARD. 
 
 General Superintendent JEFFERSON RAINEY. 
 
 Marshal of the Ring JOSEPH PENN. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 
 
 JEFFERSON RAINEY, JAMES H. ATKINSON, 
 
 CHAS. T. ASKINS, JOSEPH REICHERT, 
 
 SIDNEY SHOOK, ISAAC N. SHOOK, 
 
 THOMAS WINSTANLEY, JOSEPH PENN, 
 
 JAMES A. BORNMAN, FREDERICK GLASER, 
 
 F. H. PIEPER. 
 
 THE GREEN MOUNT CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 
 Was organized July, 1873. The managers of this enterprise have 
 succeeded in making this cemetery attractive and beautiful. The 
 cemetery is situated two miles east of Bell^ille, and is accessible 
 from the Mascoutah plank road by the Freeburg plank road, and 
 also by the Louisville and Nashville railroad. The grounds com- 
 prise 160 acres. The officers are : 
 
 President WILLIAM C. BUCHANAN. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer FREDERICK H. PIEPER. 
 
 Superintendent THEOPHILUS HARRISON. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 THEOPHILUS HARRISON, D. H. MURRAY, 
 
 WILLIAM C. BUCHANAN, JOHN J. THOMAS, 
 
 FREDERICK H. PIEPER. 
 
 THE WALNUT HILL CEMETERY, 
 
 Southeast of Belleville, is owned in part by the city. The ceme- 
 tery grounds are large, and nature and art have combined to ren- 
 der this a fit resting place for the dead. Many of the prominent 
 men who have had their homes in Belleville are interred'here. The 
 grounds are under the care of a sexton appointed by the city. 
 
 THE citizens' HORSE RAILWAY COMPANY, 
 
 in 1876 purchased the interests of the Belleville Street Car Com- 
 pany, which was organized in 1874, and has since been operating a 
 street railway between Belleville and West Belleville. A branch 
 also extends to the fair grounds. The officers are : 
 
 President JOHN EIMER. 
 
 Secretary AND Treasurer EDWARD ABEND. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 JOHN EIMER, EDWARD ABEND, 
 
 G. A. KOERNER, HENRY DEIDESHEIMER, 
 
 AUGUST TIEMANN, JOSEPH FUESS. 
 
 The following is a statement of the business done at the Belle- 
 ville Post Office, H. A. Millitzer, Postmaster, during the year 1880 : 
 
 Kind of Matter. No. Packages. Weight, Lbs. 
 
 Regular newspapers mailed, 65,000 33,500 
 
 Books and miscellaneous mailed, 1,500 760 
 
 Transient newspapers mailed, 8,000 798 
 
 Unsealed circulars mailed, 5,600 82 
 
 Letters mailed, 267,900 7,300 
 
 Postal cards mailed, 65,600 438 
 
 Letters, postal cards and circulars delivered, 414,400 10,350 
 
 Drop letters delivered, 14,200 148 
 Newspapers delivered : 
 
 Published once a week or oftener, 112,000 14,000 
 
 Published less than once a week, 16,000 2,500 
 
 Transient newspapers, 45,000 5,425 
 
 Money Order Department. 
 
 Issued. Paid. 
 
 No. Value. No. Value. 
 
 Domestic money orders, 2873 |65,467 2992 $60,200 
 
 International money orders, 223 2,219 168 2,310 
 
 At the West Belleville Post Office, Fr. W. Beineke, Pastmaster, 
 for the year ending March 31, 1881, stamps and postal cards were 
 sold to the amount of $651.64. Stamps and postal cards were can- 
 celled to the amount of $577.20. 
 
 Population of Belleville, United States Census of 1880. 
 
 First Ward 1,988 
 
 Second Ward 1,533 
 
 Third Ward 1.642 
 
 Fourth Ward 1,652 
 
 Fifth Ward 1,551 
 
 Sixth Ward..... 1.066 
 
 Seventh Ward 1,535 
 
 10,967 
 West Belleville 2,720 
 
 Total 13,680 
 
 COAL. 
 
 The abundance of coal has been one of the main elements in the> 
 prosperity of Belleville. Coal was first discovered in High Prairie, 
 six or seven miles south of the city, and used by Messrs. Smith, 
 Small, and others engaged in the blacksmith business. The first 
 coal mine was opened by William Fowler, in the year 1825. This 
 mine was situated south of Belleville on the blufi" where Eichland 
 creek strikes the highlands and makes a sharp curve to the left. 
 The coal found a ready sale in Belleville, where it was used as fuel. 
 Since the opening of this mine it has been ascertained that the 
 whole southern part of the state is one vast field of coal. Anywhere 
 in the vicinity of Belleville coal may be found by sinking a shaft. 
 Frequently three diflTerent strata are found, one over the other, the 
 lower the best coal, and often eighty or one hundred feet below the 
 surface. The building of a railroad in 1837 from Pittsburg, at the foot 
 of the blufis, to the Mississippi opposite St. Louis, was an advanced 
 step in the development of the coal mines of St. Clair county, and 
 with the prosperity of the coal interest the growth of Belleville has 
 kept puce. 
 
192 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURES OF BELLEVILLE. 
 
 Among the advantages of Belleville as a manufacturing point 
 are cheap fuel, superior railroad fadlities, close proximity to one of 
 the best markets in the country, and a healthy location and cheap 
 living. 
 
 The supplies of coal are inexhaustible and easy of access; south- 
 east Missouri affords near and abundant deposits of iron; and in 
 the rapid growth of trade, commerce and manufactures in the cen- 
 tre (if the Mississippi valley, Belleville will doubtless secure a full 
 share of the benefits to which she is entitled by her natural ad- 
 vantages. 
 
 Note. — The following figures in relation to the difference in cost of the manu- 
 facture of iron at Belleville and Pittsburg were prepared by Gon. W. II. Powell, 
 and published by the Belleville Board of Trade : 
 
 The development of experiments made by the Carbondale Coal and Coke 
 Company during the spring and summer of 1879, demonstrate that the want of 
 coke to complete the list of all important materials for manufacturing purposes 
 is now overcome by the supply of coke from Carbondale, which is now rapidly 
 working its way into use, displacing the Connclsville coke. 'Below we give the 
 analysis of the Connelsville, Sewanee and Carbondale cokes : 
 
 CONNELSVILLE. 
 
 CARBONDALE. 
 
 SEWANEE. 
 
 Moisture 0.55 0.90 0.67 per cent. 
 
 Volatile matter 2.20 2.10 2.25 per cent. 
 
 Fixed carbon 82.53 79.65 84.15 per cent. 
 
 Ash 13.72 17.35 12.93 per cent. 
 
 Color of the ash In each, reddish brown and similar. 
 Sulphur as separately determined — 
 
 CONNELSVILLE. SEWANEE. CARBONDALE. 
 
 1.012 per cent. 0.682 per cent. 0.842 per cent. 
 
 Demonstrating conclusively that we have a coke well adapted to blast furnace 
 purposes, here, where we have our own coal and iron ores for all branches of 
 iron manufacturers. A comparison as to cost of making pig iron at Pittsburgh 
 and St. Louis, may perhaps better illustrate what advantage Belleville has as a 
 manufacturing point than any general statement that can be made. We shall 
 therefore, make the comparison between Pittsburgh and Belleville, on the basis 
 of present prices : 
 
 PITTSBCEGH. 
 
 3,360 lbs. of Lake Superior ore at |13 per ton, Cleveland, $19.50 
 
 Freight from Cleveland to Pittsburgh per ton 3.75 
 
 8o bushels of Connelsville coke, 7^0. per bushel 5.60 
 
 J ton limestone 75 
 
 Labor and management per ton 2.00 
 
 Ordinary and incidental expenses 1.50 
 
 Repairs and interest on capital 75 
 
 Cost per ton., 
 
 ,.$33.85 
 
 BELLEVILLE. 
 
 3360 lbs. of iron Mt. ore, at Belleville, $14 per ton $21.00 
 
 80 bushels Carbondale coke, 8c. per bushel G.40 
 
 J ton limestone 75 
 
 Labor, management, etc 2.00 
 
 Ordinary and incidental expenses I.50 
 
 Repairs and interest on capital 75 
 
 Cost per ton $32.40 
 
 To the c«st of producing a ton of pig iron at Pittsburgh or vicinity, add the 
 cost of $3.00 per ton to deliver in St. Louis, and the actual cost of upper Ohio 
 River Valley pig iron in our market is made $36.85, whilst the cost of manu- 
 facturing a ton of pig iron of unsurpassed quality, at Belleville, would be $32.40. 
 The advantage claimed for Belleville results entirely from close proximity to the 
 ore, the coal mines, and the coke ovens, and that of being near the market with 
 the product. 
 
 The Harrison Mills is the lineal descendant of one of the early 
 milling enterprises of Belleville— the ox tread mill of Kingold and 
 Wilkinson, which stood on High street, on ground occupied by the 
 present residence of J. Baker. This mill was built in 1819, and 
 
 in 1826 was purchased by Thomas Harrison, who adopted steam as 
 a motive power. This steam mill, which was the first in the county, 
 stood at First South and High streets, where the post-office now is. 
 It was afterward removed to the present location of the Harrison 
 mills on West Main street, in order to secure a better supply of 
 water. The mill was burned down in the fall of 1843. It was full 
 of wheat ; there was no insurance, and the loss was the heaviest that 
 ever occurred from fire in Belleville. The mill was rebuilt in 1844. 
 B. F. Switzer & Co. now operate the Harrison Mills. The ma- 
 chinery is of the latest and best improved pattern, and the mill has 
 done its share toward sustainihg the reputation of Belleville flour. 
 The mill is run by a Corliss engine; it has eight run of buhrs, and 
 a capacity of three hundred barrels per day. Thirty-five hands are 
 employed. Flour is manufactured by the new patent process. 
 
 Hinnk/ey's Mill occupies the site of the old Rapier mill, built by 
 Richard Rapier in 1832 and 1833. Rapier disposed of the mill in 
 1837 to a company composed of James Mitchell, Adam A. Snyder, 
 Charles Sargent, D. B. Reel, and Timothy Hinckley. These 
 gentlemen, after running the mill two or three years, sold to J. 
 Charles Cabbaune, L. D. Cabbanne, and A.G. Edwards, who retained 
 possession till 1847, when ihe mill was sold to Russell Hinckley, 
 who has owned and operated it ever since. The site of the mill is 
 said to have been an old Indian camping ground. A spring, from 
 which the water gushed in a stream the size of a man's arm, made 
 it peculiarly suitable for this purpose. This spring was the induce- 
 ment which made George Blair choose the place for a residence in 
 1806. Near the mill was formerly a tan yard, in which John H. 
 Gay, of St. Louis, was once interested. The block on which the 
 mill stands, bounded by Second and Third South streets and Illi- 
 nois and Spring streets, is the only entire block in Belleville owned 
 by one individual. Hinckley's mill is one of the largest manufac- 
 turing establishments in Belleville. It has nine run of buhrs. Its 
 capacity is four hundred barrels of flour per day. The annual pro- 
 duct is seventy-five thousand barrels. 
 
 The Crown Mill, at the east end of Main street, occupies the 
 place where a small steam mill was originally built by Mr. Meis- 
 ter. The present mill is one of the large manufacturing enterpris&s 
 of Belleville. It is operated by a Corliss engine of three hundred 
 horse power; has ten run of buhrs, seven sets of rolls, and a capa- 
 city of five hundred barrels of flour per day. The mill has a front 
 of 135 feet on Walnut street and 50 feet on Main street, and is four 
 stories in height. The elevator, in which sixty thousand bushels of 
 wheat can be stored, fronts 82 feet on Main street, and is 50 feet 
 in depth. The cooper shop is 130 by 50 feet. The mill has been 
 rebuilt on the latest improved plan, and contains the best modern 
 machinery. Flour is made by the new patent process, combining 
 the buhr and roller systems. The product of the mill finds its way 
 to every market in this country, as well as many in Europe. About 
 fifty hands are employed. The mill is owned and operated by the 
 Crown Mill Co., of which J. H. Imbs, of St. Louis, is president. 
 The gentlemen who compose the company are well known for their 
 enterprise. They were the first to take advantage of the use of the 
 telephone in Belleville. They also own three large grain ware- 
 houses at points on the lines of the Louisville and Nashville apd 
 Cairo Shoft Line railroads, where wheat is purchased. 
 
 KnoebeCs Mill was erected and put in operation by Hermann 
 Knoebel in 1872. Hermann Burckhardt was associated in the 
 business frop 1873 to 1881. The present members of the firm are 
 Hermann and George W. Knoebel. The mill has three run of 
 buhrs, has a regular custom trade, and grinds flour and feed. Four 
 hands are employed, and the capacity is about thirty barrels per 
 day. The new patent process is used in the manufacture of flour. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 193 
 
 The building, on First South Street, between Jackson and Church, 
 is 40 by 60 feet. 
 
 F, A. Reuss & Co. — The Reuss mill, in south-east Belleville, was 
 started in 1857 by William Maguire, John H. Wilderman, and 
 William Miller. A building was erected, forty-five by sixty feet in 
 dimensions, which now forms the north-east part of the present mill. 
 There were then four run of buhrs. In 1860 the mill was pur- 
 chased by F. A. Reuss, then of St. Louis. The mill was enlarged 
 in 1863 and 1867. In 1875 George H. Braun, of St. Louis, pur- 
 chased the mill, and is the present owner. It now has five run of 
 buhrs, two sets of rolls, employs sixteen hands, and can manufac- 
 ture three hundred and twenty-five barrels of flour every twenty- 
 four hours. Eighteen coopers are also employed in the cooper shop 
 on work exclusively for the mill. The mill fronts 120 feet on 
 South Eighth street and 80 feet on Abend street. There are two 
 warehouses, 150 by 20 feet and 31 by 60 ; a cooper shop, 28 by 80 
 feet, and other buildings. 
 
 The Belleville Nail Company. — The nail mill occupies a promi- 
 nent place among the manufacturing establishments of Belleville. 
 In 1869 the works of the Bogy Nail Mill Company, of St. Louis, 
 were purchased by James Waugh, removed to Belleville, and the 
 manufacture of nails was begun by a joint-stock corporation, of 
 which James Waugh was president, James N. Douglas, secretary, 
 and James Waugh, James C. Waugh, W. H. Chick, Conrad Born- 
 niann, Edward Abend, Andrew Stolberg, and Oscar Heinrich, 
 directors. The works were operated with varied success till 1876, 
 when, on account of financial difiiculties, business was suspended, 
 and the mill passed into the hands of the bondholders. The com- 
 pany was re-organized the same year, and work resumed. James 
 Waugh is now president, James C. Waugh, secretary, and Robert 
 F. Waugh, treasurer. The board of directors is composed of 
 Robert F. Waugh, James C. Waugh, James Waugh, William W. 
 Waugh, Edward Abend, and James M. Dill. The capital stock of 
 the company when first organized was 1161,000. On the re-organi- 
 zation, after wiping out a debt of $90,000, the capital stock was 
 made $100,000, all paid up. The actual cost of the works is esti- 
 mated at $224,000. James Waugh, the president, to whose energy 
 is largely due the success of the enterprise, was born in Ireland, of 
 Scotch-Irish ancestors, and in 1836 came to St. Louis, where he 
 resided till his removal to Belleville. The works have an advan- 
 tageous location, in the south-west portion of the city, on the line 
 of the St. Louis, Alton, and Terre Haute railroad, and cover seven 
 acres of ground. A large artificial lake furnishes an abundant sup- 
 ply of water. Coal is procured from mines in the immediate 
 neighborhood. An engine of two hundred and twenty-five horse 
 power is employed in the rolling mill, and one of one hundred and 
 seventy-five horse power in the factory. The nail machines are 
 fifty-seven in number, and turn out about six hundred kegs a day. 
 All kinds of nails and spikes are made, from a nine inch spike down 
 through many difierent grades to what is known to the trade as a 
 " two penny fine." The larger sizes are cut hot. The small nails 
 are made from cold metal, but are afterward annealed, and thus 
 given the peculiar blue appearance characteristic of nails cut from 
 hot metal. Thirty or thirty-five tons of iron are used each day, 
 and twenty-five hundred bushels of coal. The working ^ce con- 
 sists of two hundred men and boys. The "nails are mostly sold in 
 the West and South. The warehouse, a spacious brick building, 
 has a capacity of between thirty and forty thousand kegs, and is so 
 arranged that five cars can be loaded from it at the same time 
 This was the first nail mill erected in the State of Illinois. There 
 are now two others, one at Central ia and one at Chicago. 
 25 
 
 THE HARRISON MACHINE WORKS. 
 
 In 1848, two mechanics, John Cox and Cyrus Roberts, settled in 
 Belleville and began the manufacture of a machine for threshing 
 grain. They secured a number of patents and called their machine 
 the Cox & Roberts Thresher. The name has since been changed 
 to that of the Belleville Ssparator. In the year 1855, Theophilus 
 Harrison, who had been in the employment of Cox & Roberts for 
 a number of years, together with F. M. Middlecoff", a farmer and 
 practical mechanic, purchased Mr. Cox's interest in the business. 
 At that date, about one hundred machines were made annually. In 
 1857 Mr. Roberts' interest was purchased by William C. Buchanan. 
 In 1878, Cyrus Thompson and Hugh W. Harrison became associa- 
 ted with the old members of the firm, and a joint stock company 
 was organized under the corporate name of the Harrison Machine 
 Works. In 1873 additional buildings were purchased and fitted up 
 with superior facilities for the construction of steam engines. The 
 threshing mxchinery, manufactured by this company, has met with 
 a high degree of popular favor. Beside the large field afforded by 
 the central States of the Mississippi valley, large sales have been 
 made in Louisiana, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, Montana, Dakota, 
 Colorado and Mexico. Shipments have been made to South Africa. 
 The works, which are situated on the St. Louis, Alton and Terre 
 Haute Railroad, occupy six acres of ground. The capital invested 
 is $300,000 One hundred and twenty hands are constantly em- 
 ployed, and during busy seasons many more. Fifty thousand 
 dollars are annually expended in wages. Seventy thousand dollars 
 worth of raw material, principally purchased in the east and north 
 from first hand^, is worked up each year. The business has grown 
 steadily year by year. The members of the company are all natives 
 of St. Clair county. 
 
 THE PUMF AND SKEIN COMPANY, 
 
 Was incorporated in 1872, with a capital of $30,000. The pres- 
 eut officers are : President, John J. Thomas ; Secretary, Thomas 
 Ibbotson ; Directors, John J. Thomas, Thotuas Ibbotson and John 
 Bailey. Mr. Thomas has been president for eight years. Mr. 
 Bailey, who superintends the mechanical part of the business, has 
 been connected with the company for the last five years. The 
 buildings comprise a two-story machine shop, fifty by one hundred 
 feet ; a blacksmith shop, thirty by fifty feet ; and a foundry, sixty 
 by one hundred and fifty feet. Much of the machinery is new. 
 The establishment has a gigantic hammer worked by steam, the 
 only steam hammer in Belleville. Among the articles manufac- 
 tured are letter-copying presses, jack screws, steam pumps, steam 
 engines, boilers for steam heating apparatus and the Eureka and 
 Eclipse plow attachments. Jack screws and copying presses are 
 manufactured in large quantities and made a specialty. Iron and 
 Brass castings are made to order. Business was begun with twenty 
 hands, and now from seventy-five to ninety are employed. The in- 
 vestment in real estate and working capital represents $47,000. 
 The yearly sales amount to $75,000, and the yearly pay roll to 
 $25 000. $25,000 in raw material is used each year, and about 
 $1,200 paid for coke. 
 
 The Rogers Foundry, on Second North street, was established m 
 September, 1 878. The business started in a room thirty feet square. 
 The moulding room is now fifty by one hundred and forty feet. 
 Thirty-five hands are employed. Drill castings, stove castings, 
 pulley castings and hollow-ware are the principal articles manu- 
 factured, and°all kinds of castings for custom work are made. 
 
 Oaylord's Foundry, on First South street, between Richland and 
 Race streets, was started by George Gaylord, in the summer of 
 1876. AlUinds of mmldings and castings are made. ■ 
 
194 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The Union Machine Shop and Brass Foundry, on First South 
 Street, between Jackson and Church, is carried on by Jacob Ehret. 
 Particular attention is paid to repairing steam engines, farming ma- 
 chinery and other work of a similar nature. 
 
 The West Main Street Machine Shop and Brass Foundry first be- 
 gan work in March, 1880. Ludwig Liebig and John Koderhandt 
 were then partners. JCoderhandt is now the sole proprietor of the 
 establishment. Special attention is paid to the manufacture of 
 brewery and coal mine machinery, stationary and portable (ngines, 
 and iron railing. Repairs of all kinds are made as required. 
 
 Williams' Carriage Factory. — Volney L. Williams came to Belle- 
 yille in 1837 and opened a shop for the manufacture of carriages, 
 buggies and spring wagons. This was the first establishment of 
 that kind in Belleville. He carried on the business till 1877. His 
 first shop was on the corner of Race and Main streets. The present 
 factory, now uuder the management of H. C. Williams, occupies a 
 building on First North street, eighty feet front and one hundred 
 feet deep. Twelve hands are employed. All kinds of buggies, 
 spring wagons, barouches and phaetons are manufactured. 
 
 Heinzelman Bros., Carriage Manufacturers. — John A. Heinzel- 
 man, in 1857, purchased the interest of Pensoneau & Miller in a 
 wagon factory, which they had estab ished about 1850. Since the 
 death of Mr. Heinzelman, in 1869, his sons, John and William 
 Heinzelman, have carried on the business. The real estate and 
 working capital of the establishment now represent $-15,000. From 
 tweuty to twenty-fiye hands are employed, and the annual sales 
 amount to $30,000. The main building is of brick, three stories 
 ill height, 50 by 100 feet, with an addition 40 by 50 feet. Another 
 building is 100 by 40 feet in dimensions. Cairiages and buggies of 
 all kinds are manufactured, and a specialty is made of the Timken 
 side bar buggy. 
 
 The Novelty Carriage Works, at the corner of Main and Race 
 streets, were put in operation in August, 1878, by Gustavus Lud- 
 wig, J. S. Beck and Joseph Stegmeyer. All kinds of top and open 
 buggies, doctors' phaetons and spring wagons are made. Special 
 attention is given to repairing and painting. The members of this 
 firm have endeavored to give public satisfaction, and have numer- 
 ous patrons. From eight to fourteen men are employed. 
 
 Schanuel £ro«.. Carriage Makers, began business in March, 1879, 
 on High street, and in 1880 moved to their present location, at the 
 corner of Richland and First South streets. The members of the 
 firm, Henry E. and John Schanuel, learned their trade in Belle- 
 ville with Heinzelman Bros., and bore the reputation of being good 
 workmen. They employ seven men. Top and open buggies, spring 
 and platform wagons are manufactured. Attention is also given to 
 repairing, painting, and all other branches of the business. 
 
 BELLEVILLE OIL WORKS. 
 
 Among the well-known institutions of Belleville is the Oil VVorks, 
 at the*c()rner of Main and Mascoutali streets, established in the 
 year 1866, by Brosius, Geiss & Co, This was the first oil mill ever 
 started in Belleville, and, indeed, is the only one that has ever ex- 
 isted in the city. Shortly after beginning business the process of 
 manufacture was improved, and in 1867, the establishment was the 
 only one of the kind in the West to manufacture oil by the cold. 
 .pressed process. This process was an invention of the firm, which 
 consequently soon obtained a reputation for making the best oil to 
 be obtained in the western country. The improvements have since 
 been copied by other factories. In 1868 the works were enlarged, 
 and new additions were again made in 1875. The presses used are 
 the invention of Jacob Brosius. The product of the works consists 
 of cold pressed castor oil, linseed oil, hickory nut oil and pecan oil. 
 
 Thid is the only place in the United States where pecan oil is manu- 
 factured. Since its introduction into the market by the Belleville 
 Oil Works, it has secured a place among the finest oils for table use, 
 and by many, is considered much superior to olive oil. The works 
 era loy ten hands. The real estate and working capital foot up to 
 $100,000, and the annual sales reach a similar amount. The firm 
 is now known as Brosius & Co. The establishment ships largely to 
 eastern market-", and finds ready sales for its goods. The telephone 
 in the office of the Oil Works was the first in use in Belleville. 
 
 THE STEAM SUPPLY COMPANY. 
 
 In the year 1879, Jacob Brosius, whose attention had been di- 
 rected to the advantages which might result from the distribution 
 of steam for heating and power purposes from some central works, 
 made the necessary preparations, and in December, 1879, began 
 furnishing steam. The necessary buildings were erected at Kron- 
 thal, Mr. Brosius' residence, in the east of Belleville, and from 
 there pipes conduct the steam to various parts of the city. The 
 establishment began with few customers, the number of which, 
 however, steadily increa-^ed. During the winter of 1880-81, steam 
 was furnished to fifty-five places in Belleville, including the court, 
 house and some of the larger buildings. The result was in every 
 way satisfactory. During the coldest weather of an extremely cold 
 winter an agreeable and even temperature was maintained, while 
 the patrons of the steam works were relieved from many of the in- 
 conveniences which attend the use of coal. Steam power was also 
 furnished to seven engines. Arrangements have been made to 
 greatly extend the service of the works during the winter of 1881-2. 
 Belleville was the first place in the State of Illinois to adopt this 
 arrangement, and parties from other cities, who have inspected the 
 operations of the works at Belleville, assert that the system in use 
 here is the finest in existence. The pipe through the streets, usually 
 six and eight inches in diameter, is laid in insulating boxes, made 
 under a new invention, for which Mr. Brosius holds recent patents. 
 By this arrangement much saving of heat is gained. The works 
 represent an investm nt of $45,000. Jacob Brosius is the sole 
 owner. Twenty acres of coal land, adjoining the works, will furn- 
 ish a supply of coal sufficient for thirty years. An ample supply 
 of water is also at hand, so that the works are prepared to furnish 
 unlimited supplies of steam on a ch^ap and economical basis. 
 
 Mr. Brosius has otherwise been interested in several enterprises 
 of benefit to Belleville. In 1879 he placed an electric clock in the 
 tower of his residence, with which connection is made with striking 
 apparatus in some of the school buildings and with the bell of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. By this means the city is furnished 
 with correct time. In 1872 he erected a steam pump near his resi- 
 dence by which a tank at the Oil Works is kept filled with water. 
 This water is used iu sprinkling the streets of the city. 
 
 The Belleville Oas Light and Coke Company was chartered in 
 1856, and has since been furnishing gas to the citizens of Belleville 
 and West Belleville. The capital stock of the company is $100,000. 
 The company has between six and seven miles of gas mains, and 
 furnishes gas to two hundred and seventeen street lamps in Belle- 
 ville and West Belleville, and to about four hundred private con- 
 sumers^ The officers are : President, John Eimer ; Secretary and 
 Treasum-, Edward Abend ; Superintendent, Henry Maguire ; Di- 
 rectors, John Eimer, Edward Abend, Henry Maguire, Adam Karr, 
 Philip Schuck and H. Westermann. 
 
 THE BELLEVILLE WOOLEN FACTORY 
 
 Was built in the year 1848 on Richland Creek, at the corner of 
 Mill and Race Streets, north of the business part of Belleville. 
 
HISTORY OP ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 105 
 
 Louis Krimmel was the originator of this enterprise. A year or 
 two afterwards he was drowned while attempting to cross Richland 
 Creek on horseback in time of high water. In 1850 the factory 
 passed into the hands of John Winter and John Romeis, S3n., and 
 a short time afterward Winter purchased Romeis' interest. Since 
 the death of Mr. Winter in 1862, the factory, which is still owned 
 by his estate, lias been opera'ed by various parties ; from 1864-70 
 by Philip Rothangel and John Winter, and from 1870-4 by John 
 Winter, and since 1874 by John and George Winter. 
 
 SILK. 
 
 A mile and a half south-west of Belleville on the Centerville road 
 the manufacture of silk goods is carried on by Frederick Murphy. 
 The investment in real estate and working capital is $5,500. About 
 $3,500 of raw material is used. The gross business amounts to 
 $8,500 per annum 
 
 stoelzle's brewery. 
 
 In 1853 Fidel Stoelzle started a brewery on Main Street, at the 
 corner of Race, which has been carried on by him ever since. He 
 started out on a small basis, but enlarged his business as-necessity 
 required. IJe employs twelve men and manufactures between six 
 and seven thousand barrels annually, using between fifteen and 
 sixteen thousand bushels of barley and malt. The sales amount to 
 $50,000 a year. The beer finds a sale in Belleville and neighbor- 
 ing towns in St. Clair County. Mr. Stoelzle has been a resident of 
 Belleville since 1850. 
 
 WESTERN BREWERY COMPANY. 
 
 A brewery was started in West Belleville in 1856, which with en- 
 largements and improvements became the extensive brewery now 
 operated by the Western Brewery Company. In the old brewery 
 Philip Neu and P. Gintz were interested, and in 1873 the property 
 was purchased by an incorporated company the stock of which was 
 owned by four men, William Brandenburger, Adam Gintz, Valen- 
 tine Steg, and John Kloess. All the stock is now in the hands of 
 Adam Gintz. Large and capacious buildings have been erected, 
 and every facility secured for carrying on the busines on a liberal 
 and extensive scale. The capital invested reaches $100,000. 
 Twenty thousand barrels of beer are made each year and sold in St. 
 Clair and adjoining counties. Twenty five hands are employed. 
 Fifty thousand bushels of malt, and thirty-six thousand pounds of 
 hops are consumed each year. ^ 
 
 THE STAR BREWERY 
 
 In North Belleville was built in 1857 by Neuhoff and Bresler. It 
 afterwards passed into the hands of Neuhofi", who associated with him 
 Charles Loe-er as partner. Loeser afterwards became sole owner. 
 The firm of Loeser and Euckert carried on the b rewery till 1868, 
 when Hubert Hartmann became associated with Loeser. About 
 the time of the latter's death in 1871 he sold his interest to Bern- 
 hard Hartmann, and the Hartmann Bros, have been carrying on the 
 brewery ever since. In 1871, at the time it passed into the hands 
 of the present firm, about six thousand barrels of beer were manu- 
 factured annually. The business has steadily increased, and now 
 twenty-five thousand barrels are manufactured every year ; in 
 making which 62,500 bushels of malt are used and 37,500 pounds 
 of hops. Their ice house has a capacity of six thousands tons. 
 The brewery is situated outside the city limits. A dam on Rich- 
 land Creek, constructed at considerable expense, aflTords an ample 
 supply of excellent water, and to this fact they claim is due the 
 superior quality of their beer. The firm also have a bottling estab- 
 lishment on Main Street. Beside supplying a large market in 
 
 Bjlleville and St. Clair County, considerable quantities are shipped 
 to St. Louis and other points. Thirty-one men are employed. 
 The amount invested in real estate and working capital is $100,000, 
 and the annual sales amount to $200,000. 
 
 SCHOOL, CHURCH AND SEWING MACHINE FDRNITURE. 
 
 Gustavus Heckel, who had previously been engaged in the manu- 
 facture of sash, doors, and blinds, in 1865 began the business of 
 manufacturing church and school furniture, which he has carried 
 on ever since. School desks of every variety, church pews, and 
 other articles of school and church furniture, are made by him. 
 This is the only establishment of the kind in Southern Illinois. In 
 1870 he undertook alsi th3 bu^l less of manufacturing sewing 
 machine cases, and obtained a contract from the Howe Machine 
 Company. He has since mad 3 cases for a number of sewing 
 raichine c:)mpanie?, am)ng which are the New Home, Victor, 
 Singer and Domestic. The beauty and abundance of the native 
 woods of the West give this section of the country great advantage 
 over the Atlantic border in the production of such goods as Mr. 
 Heckel manufactures. Daring the next year he proposes to em- 
 ploy about fifty hands. The real estate and working capital of the 
 factory represent from $20,000 to $25,000. 
 
 LOUIS VIERHELLER, 
 
 At the corner of Spring and First North Streets, is engaged in the 
 manufacture of household furniture for the retail trade. 
 
 EEUTCHLER AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 
 
 J. B. Reutchler in 1853 began the manufacture of grain drills at 
 Belleville under Pennock's patent, the first patent granted for a 
 grain drill. This was the first establishment of the kind west of the 
 Allegheny Mountains. The first year he made five hundred drills. 
 The second year this number was doubled, but only a few were sold 
 on account of the bad season. The third year three hundred were 
 manufactured. All were sold as well as those on hand from pre- 
 vious years When the enterprise was first started people laughed 
 at the idea of " sowing wheat in rows." In 1856 Mr. Reutchler 
 built a factory at, the present location in the eastern part of the 
 city and gave it the name of the Belleville Agricultural Works, 
 under which it ha? since been known. From 1864 to 1878 the 
 establishment was run by D. & H. Reutchler. J. B. Reutchler 
 thsn agiiln bscarae interested, and in 1881 became the sole 
 proprietor. The investmsnt in real estate and working capital 
 amounts to $120,000. Abjut forty hands are employed. The 
 article principally manufacture! is the I. X. L. Grain Drill. 
 Agricultural implementi in general are also repaired. The inven- 
 tions and improvements made use of in the drill are covered by Mr. 
 Reutchler's and his brother's patents. 
 
 ESLER AND ROPIE(4UET MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 This establishment had its origin in a machine shop which was 
 started in the latter part of the year 1855 by Geiss and Brosius. 
 The firm first turned its attention to the manufacture of cider mills 
 and double-movement grain drills, and carried on the business 
 successfully till 1867, when the bu.siness was sold out to Esler and 
 Ropiequet In 1875 the Filer and Ropiequet Manufacturing 
 Company was organized as a stock company with a capital of 
 $40 000 The capital now employed in the business amounts to 
 $65000 and the annual sales to $75,000. From forty to fifty- 
 five'men are employed. Th. company occupies two buildings, each 
 of which is 150 X 35 feet. Special attention is given to the manu- 
 fa-ture of the Sacker-State Grain Drill, and the Belleville Sulky 
 
196 
 
 EISTOBT OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Hay Rfike. Cider and wine mills and presses, circular wood saws, 
 and other miscellaneous articles are also' made. The factory is at 
 the corner of Main and Mascoutah Streets. Edward Abend is 
 president of the company and J. J. Esler, secretary. 
 
 Philip M. Oundlach started the manufacture of Grain Drills 
 in West Belleville in 1858. He began business on a small scale, 
 but was soon obliged to enlarge his facilities. 
 
 In 1863, he removed his works from West Belleville. They are 
 now located north of Belleville, just outside of the city limits. He 
 manufactures the Rotary Forced Feed Drill, among the excellent 
 points of which he claims strong construction and light draught. 
 The main building of his factory is built of brick, and is 160 by 80 
 feet in dimensions. A foundry, 80 by 60 feet, has recently been 
 added, in which are made his castings. Mr. Gundlach has been a 
 resident of St. Clair county since eleven years of age. 
 
 Sewing Machines. — The Belleville Manufacturing Company 
 was organized in April, 1879, as a stock company with a capital of 
 $10,000, which was subsequently increased to |13,500, and after- 
 ward to $25,000, the present capital. The works are now located 
 on Second North street, between Illinois and Spring streets. The 
 Fairbank's Sewing Machine is manufactured. As soon as the 
 necessary preparations are made it is proposed to vigorously push 
 this enterprize. The gentlemen principally interested are persons 
 of ample business experience, and are prepared to utilize the natural 
 advantages which Belleville has for a factory of this description. 
 
 The Keg Shops on the line of the Louisville and Nashville rail- 
 road employ lietween thirty-five and forty hands. About six hun- 
 dred kegs, of five diflferent sizes, are manufactured each day. Nearly 
 the whole product of the establishment is used by the Belleville 
 
 Nail Company. George W. Shipman has been superintendent of 
 the shops for four years. 
 
 St. Clair Sash Factory. — The sash factory of Storck & Brother 
 was started in the year 1860 by Friedrich Storck, and is the oldest 
 establishment of the kind in the city. Since 1870, Friedrich and 
 George Storck have carried on the business under the present firm 
 name. Ten hands are employed. The factory turns out doors, 
 blinds, sash, frames, mouldings : and all kinds of wood-turning are 
 also done. 
 
 Charles Daehnert, carpenter and builder, is engaged in the manu- 
 facture of sash, doors and blinds. His factory is at the corner of 
 First South and Church streets. He does a large amount of custom 
 work in the city of Belleville and elsewhere in St. Clair county. 
 
 Deeke and Huhn, at the corner of First North and Richland 
 streets, have been engaged in the manufacture of doors, blinds, sash, 
 frames and mouldings, since 1878. The establishment is one of the 
 largest of the kind in Belleville, and employs about twenty-five 
 hands. The members of the firm are George Deeke and Christopher 
 Huhn. 
 
 The following persons are engaged in the manufacture of cigars : 
 
 John Bur, 167 Spring Street ; August Fernaii, 37 West Main Street; Daniel 
 Fischer, 142 First North Street; Charles Goerlitz, 49 High Street and 29 
 Second South Street ; Martin Henkemeyer, 19 Public Square ; Phillip Kauf- 
 mann, 27 Lebanon Boad ; Frederick Kaemper, 33 West Main Street; Charles 
 Kuefelkamp, 231 East Main Street; Frank Lebknecher, 1 Wist Main Street; 
 Henry Meyer, 143 Jiickson Street; Henry Nagel, 240 West Main Street; J. 
 W. Mueller, 218 Illinois Street ; Charles F. Seib, 178 West Main Street ; Jacob 
 Schen, Jr., 212 East Main Street; Henry Yiehnaann, 320 East Main Street; 
 Henry E. Willmann, 180 Charles Street ; Kick Wilhelm, 61 Main Street, 
 West Belleville. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 — ^^^"l-Jt-SSB^— 
 
 
 This distinguished citizen of Illinois and of St. Clair county, 
 was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of 
 February, 1788. His father, Robert Reynolds, and his mother, 
 whose maiden name was Margaret Moore, were natives of Ireland, 
 and emigrated to the United States, landing in Philadelphia in 
 1785. When he was about six months old, his parents removed 
 with him to Tennessee, and settled at the base of the Copper 
 Ridge Mountain, about fourteen miles north-east of Knoxville. 
 The Governor, many years afterw;ards, writes thus of his child- 
 hood home in Tennessee: "My earliest recollections are con- 
 nected with this spot at a period when I was probably not more 
 than five or six years old. The nightly alarm of hostile Indians 
 and the mountains with their majestic summits, often veiled in 
 clouds, made an impression upon my mind which the lapse of years 
 and the scenes through which I have since passed have failed to 
 obliterate I well remember seeing my parents when a night attack 
 
 of the Indians was expected bar the door of our cabin. After one 
 of these alarms, my father, with gun in hand, looked cautiously out 
 in every direction to see that no Indian was lurking near the house 
 before he would venture to open the door. My grandfather, who 
 resided in the vicinity, had built a fort, to which our family and 
 others repaired in times of more than ordinary danger, and there 
 remained till the danger was over." For many years previous to 
 Wayne's treaty with the Indians in 1795, the Cherokees were in 
 deadly hostility to the frontier settlers, and killed not a few of the 
 pioneers of Tennessee. In 1794 young Reynolds' father rented out 
 his frontier farm, and retired, with his family, into the interior of 
 the state. 
 
 During the same year the man to whom he had rented the farm 
 was killed by the Indians, and his entire family escaped destruction 
 at their hands only by the merest chance. 
 
 His father emigrated with the family from Tennessee to Illinois 
 
198 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 in February, 1800, and settlerl at Kaskaskia. More than half a 
 century afterward, -when nearly three score and ten years of age, 
 Gov. Reynolds re-visited the frontier home of his childhood in 
 Tennessee. We give a short extract from his beautiful description 
 of it in his work : " My Own Times," as serving to exhibit his lite- 
 rary skill when he chose to indulge it, and also the strong pathos 
 and filial affection of the author. He says : " In 1853 I paid a 
 visit to the state of Tennessee, and made a pilgrimage to the home 
 of my infancy and childhood, the place where once stood the hum- 
 ble frontier cabin of my father. I now re-visited that spot for the 
 first time since we bade it adi,eu in 1800, and removed to Illinois. 
 I left it a mere boy, a carekss, happy child. I returned to it in 
 the wane of life. More than half a century stood between those two 
 points of time. During all that long period of my humble, yet 
 eventful history, the home of my early years lived fresh and green 
 in my memory, just as I had seen it in childhood. I knew the 
 place where our cabin had stood, though every vestige of its walls 
 and roofs had disappeared for more than a generation. Nothing 
 now remained to mark the spot, except a slight elevation of the 
 ground where the chimney had been, and a few flat stones that had 
 once been our hearth. I visited this hallowed spot alone. I stood 
 upon the hearth-stone of my childhood. The memories of early 
 days thronged around my heart. It almost seemed as if I was 
 once more a child listening to the stories my mother told me in the 
 long winter evenings around that very hearth. How well did I 
 remember telling her all my childish griefs, and with what gentle 
 ness she chided my waywardness, banishing all my sorrows with 
 her affectionate, soothing words. I almost fancied that I could 
 again feel her gentle band parting the luxuriant hair that shaded 
 my youthful beard, and her warm kiss upon my forehead and lips. 
 I care not who may sneer at the confession. I wept like a child as 
 I stood alone upon that hearthstone and thought of you, my fond, 
 my affectionate, my sainted mother." 
 
 Young Reynolds entered with zest into all the amusements and 
 athletic exercises of the young pioneers, among whom he was re- 
 markably popular. He says: " In the early days of Illinois horse- 
 racing was a kind of mania with almost all the people, and almost 
 all indulged in it, either as spectators or otherwise. In my youth 
 I possessed, like many others, a species of mania for horse-racing, 
 and was tolerably successful in the vocation ; delighted extremely 
 in a fine race-horse, and have expended much time in training 
 them. Just preceding an important race I have slept on a blanket 
 in a stable loft to take care of my horse. Much titne, money and 
 morals were lost in these early sports of the turf. Foot-racing, 
 jumping, and wrestling were practiced by the Americans in early 
 times,. and many bets were made on the foot-races as well as on the 
 horse-races. I was delighted with these rural sports, and became a 
 swift foot-racer myself. When I arrived at the years of eighteen 
 or twenty I grew large and active. My ambition urged me to 
 excel in these athletic sports. I practiced foot-racing incessantly, 
 and discovered I was hard to beat. The first race I ever run for a 
 wager was in Kaska.skia in the autumn of 1808, with the Houi 
 John Scott, of Ste. Genevieve, Mo. After the above race a bet of 
 a hundred dollars Was made on a foot-race of one hundred yards, to 
 be run by me and a man by name of Paine. The race was to be 
 run at the place of Gov. Kinney's, a few miles east of Belleville." 
 How remarkable it now appears to us to find this young athlete 
 ten years afterward elevated to the Supreme bench ;of the state of 
 Illinois ! 
 
 He says further : " It was considered at that day both fashiona- 
 ble and honorable to game for money. Card-playing was sustained 
 by the highest classes, as well as the lowest in the country. A 
 
 person who could not, or would not play cards, was scarcely fit for 
 genteel society. The French delighted much in this amusement, 
 which gave the card-parties much standing and popularity with the 
 Americans. The French at that time had the ascendency In the 
 country, and their manners and habits gave tone and character to 
 many such transactions. I never considered card-playing as the 
 most innocent amusement, but I yielded to the custom and habits 
 of the country. When I was appointed one of the Judges of the 
 Supreme Court of the State in 1818, 1 abandoned card playing and 
 every other species of gambling for money." 
 
 About the year 1805, a small school was formed in the neigh- 
 borhood where his father resided. This the future Governor and 
 Supreme Judge attended during the winters and "wet days." Still 
 he was ambitious, and studied much alone, and with such private 
 aid as he could procure. He gave a young colt, a present from his 
 father, to a man to work in his place while he went to school. In 
 the winter of 1806 and 1807, he attended a good school taught by 
 a competent teacher. This school was situated a few miles north- 
 east of the present city of Belleville. 
 
 He says : " I have often examined with deep feeling the tumuli 
 of earth where this school-house once stood. I ravere and respect 
 the site with the same feeling as the Jews in ancient tiiues did the 
 city of Jerusalem." In the year 1809, through the influence of his 
 uucle, John Reynolds, of Tennessee, he entered college at Knox- 
 ville, Tennes-iee, being then in his twentieth year, and a fine spe- 
 cimen of a sharp backwoods western youth. 
 
 He says that he was in an " unsettled condition — ready for a 
 college, horse-race, or a tour to the Rocky Mountains. I was a 
 singular spectacle when I started in 1809 to college. I looked 
 more like a trapper going to the Rocky Mountains than a student 
 to college." " I was well educated in the arts and mysteries of 
 horse-racing, and foot-racing, shooting-matches, and all other wild 
 sports of the backwoods. My clothes were made up without tailors, 
 and did not fit. so that I was placed in fashionable and polished 
 society in Tennessee, in a most ludicrous position. I wore a cream- 
 colored hat, made out of the fur of the prairie wolf, which also made 
 a rather grotesque appsarance." Hs says further : " When I 
 turned my head back on leaving home, and saw my mother shedding 
 tears I bitterly condemned the college, but honor and obstinacy 
 propelled me onward, though I had died on my horse." 
 
 In October, 1810, he also commenced the study of law in the 
 office of John Campbell, aud was intensely studious. Bjlng 
 threatened with consumption, he was compelled to omit study for 
 almost a year. 
 
 " I possessed then," he says, " nothing on earth save a few 
 clothes and the commencement of consumption. But the hearts of 
 my uncie and aunt overflowed with kindness to me. I was fur- 
 nished with a fine horse and money, and started home to Illinois 
 in the spring of the year 1811." 
 
 In January, 1812 his health being restored again, he entered 
 the college at Knoxville to renew his studies. But he was more 
 prudent in his studies, and occasionally attended and engaged in 
 foot-races. He says : " The race was run, and I won the bet. I 
 paid off some debts I owed in town, and that was I believe the last 
 foot-raqe I ran for a wager. My preceptor and staid -friends did 
 not approve it ; but they excused it in mej as it was, they presumed, 
 about the last of ray wild backwoods education oozing out" He 
 states also that he won a horse at a horse race in Cahokia, Illinois, 
 the preceding fall, and says : " I sold the horse I won to a hotel- 
 keeper in Knoxville, and boarded it out with him while I studied 
 law." These incidents serve to illustrate the spirit of the pioneer 
 times. 
 
SW-!IJj;!5'7WWT^5?7WP^^ 
 
 I ,. „^' v-f ■■■ 
 
 •^7 ,''.—;T"' " i ry ' vi"-"r *' yi. ' J* " * > * " r 'j *s t ? ;g 
 
 Residence of LOUIS C.STARKEL. Belleville. Illinois. 
 
 Residence of Dr W. WEST. Belleville. Illinois, 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 199 
 
 Returning home in 1813, he served a while as a private in the 
 war against the Indians. In the fall of 1812, he was admitted to 
 practice law, having been examined by two United States Judges 
 for the Territory of Illinois. On the 3d of March, 1813, Captain 
 Wm. B. Whiteside organized his United States Hanging Company, 
 and in it Reynolds enlisted as a private. 
 
 This service gave him the " soubriquet " of " the Old Ranger," by 
 which he was in after years known ail over the state. His friends 
 gave him the cognomen in electioneering campaigns, being indica- 
 tive of services as a ranger on the frontier in the last war with 
 Britain. 
 
 In the spring of 1814, he opened his law office in the French 
 village of Cahokia, without, as he tells us, " a cent of money, and 
 scarcely any books or clothes," and with a " horse, but no decent 
 saddle or bridle." He was, he says, like the man's oxen, " strong 
 in light work." But he had a press of business, in selling land and 
 practicing law. In the course of the four successive years, he pur- 
 chased two stores, valued at ten thousand dollars. He says that 
 when in 1818, he was appointed Judge, he " ceased land specula- 
 tions and entered another field of more trouble and less profit." In 
 the spring of 1817, he was married to a French Creole lady, a 
 native of Cahokia, who died in Belleville in 1834. Her death, he 
 tells us, was the severest shock he ever experienced. 
 
 Illinois became a state in 1818, and the first legislature which 
 commenced at Kaskaskia, in September, 1818, elected him one of 
 the supreme judges, as he tells us, much to his surprise. He presided 
 in the counties of St. Clair, Madison, Washington, Monroe and 
 Bond. It will not be amiss to quote from his experience as a judge. 
 " The judges of the supreme couit of Illinois in 1 818, were all young 
 men and had not that practice at the bar that was necessary to give 
 standing and character to their decisions, but the law was ad- 
 ministered at that day with less form and ceremony, yet with as 
 much equity and justice as at the present time. The judges had 
 laborious duties to perform, to hold both the circuit and supreme 
 courts throughout the whole state. The first court I held was in 
 the spring of 1819, in Covington, Washington county, and it was to 
 me a strange and novel business. I commenced my official duties 
 among my old comrades with whom I had been raised, ranged in the 
 war with them and lived with them in great intimacy and equality, so 
 that it was difficult in my situation to assume a diflerent relation- 
 ship than I had previously occupied with them. And moreover, I 
 utterly despised a mock dignity that is sometimes assumed. Both 
 the sheriff and clerk of Washington county were rangers in the 
 same company with myself, and it seemtd we were still in the 
 United States service, ranging on eqiial terms in pursuit of the In- 
 dians. And it appears that the sherifi" Bowling Green entertained 
 the same opinion, as he opened court in a very familiar manner. 
 While he was sitting astride on a bench he proclaimed, without 
 rising, that " the court is now opened. John is on the bench " 
 Not long after in Union county, the deputy-sherifi" opened court 
 (myself presiding) by saying " Oh yes " three times, and then in a 
 solemn manner proclaimed " the Honorable Judge is now opened." 
 In 1825, he again resumed the practice of the law, and in 1826 was 
 elected to the legislature, where he remained for two sessions. In 
 August, 1830, he was elected Governor of the state, after a most ex- 
 citing political campaign. 
 During his administration he was commander of all the Illinois 
 
 Militia and prosecuted to a successful termination the war against 
 Indians, known in history as the " Black Hawk War." 
 
 As illustrative of the distinguishing traits of Gov. Reynolds as a 
 man and politician, we cannot do better than to quote from Ford's 
 History of Illinois in describing his race for Governor in 1830 
 Governor Ford says of him : " Judge Reynolds was a man of 
 good natured, easy and pliable materials. He had received a classi- 
 cal education, and was a man of good talents in his own peculiar 
 way, but no one would suppose from hearing his conversation and 
 public addresses, that he had ever learned more than to read and 
 write and cipher to the Rule of Three : such acquisitions being sup- 
 posed to constitute a very learned man in the times of his early life. 
 He had been a farmer, a lawyer, a soldier, a judge and a member 
 of the legislature. He^^had passed his life on the frontiers among a 
 frontier people : he had learned all the by words and catch words, 
 old sayings and figures of speech invented by vulgar ingenuity, and 
 common among a backwoods people : to these he had added a co- 
 pious supply of his own and had diligently compounded them all 
 into a language peculiar to himself which he used on all occasions 
 both public and private. 
 
 He was a man of remarkably good sense and shrewdness for the 
 sphere in which he chose to move, and possessed a fertile imagina- 
 tion, a ready eloquence, and a continued mirthfulness and pleas- 
 antry when mingling with the people; He had a kind heart, and 
 was always ready to do a favor, and never harbored resentment 
 against any human being." 
 
 In 1834, he was elected as a representative to Congress. While 
 there he was married to a lady living in the District of Columbia. 
 
 In 1836, he with a few others determined to construct a railroad 
 from the bluifs to the Mississippi, and actually did build it, which 
 was the first railroad ever built in Illinois. They were forced to 
 bridge a lake over 2000 feet across, and to drive down piles more 
 than eighty feet into the mud and water of the lake on which to 
 build the bridge. The road was six miles in length, and built for 
 the coal traffic. They graded the track, cut and hauled the timber, 
 piled the lake, built the road and had it running in one season of 
 the year 1837. It was the first railroad built in the Mississippi 
 valley. 
 
 He was again elected to Congress in 1838. In the summer of 
 1839, he went to Europe under appointment of Gov. Carlin for the 
 purpose of negotiating a loan of four million dollars. In this ca- 
 pacity he visited London, Liverpool, Paris, Brussels, Dover, and 
 other cities. 
 
 In 1846, he was again elected a member of the legislature, and 
 again also in 1852. On this occasion he was elected speaker of 
 the house. 
 
 Gov. Reynolds dic^ at his home in Belleville, in St. Clair county. 
 Ills., on the 8th day of May, 1865, in the seventy-eighth year of 
 
 his age. 
 
 His was indeed an eventful life, so illustrative of the spirit and 
 quaint novelty of pioneer times that we may well say, " We shall 
 never see his like again." His library effijrts consist mainly of 
 " Pioneer History of Illinois," " My Own Times," " Development 
 of the Human Mind," " John Kelly," and a sketch book descrip- 
 tive of scenes and places by the way on a tour to Crystal Palace at 
 N. Y. He was a representative from Illinois to the World's Fair 
 also held at New York. 
 
200 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 HON. 8AMUEL B. CHANDLER, (deceased.) 
 
 Among the many prominent citizens of St. Clair county of the 
 past, who aided and did much to advance the material interest of 
 the county, was Samuel B. Chandler. A history of the county to 
 which he contributed so much would be incomplete without proper 
 mention being made of him. It is also fitting that a man possessed 
 of 80 many good traits of character, of so benevolent a disposition 
 jand liberality, should be passed down to posterity as an example 
 worthy of imitation. He was of Eoglish ancestry on the paternal 
 'side, and German on the.n)^,ternal. He was the son of Samuel 
 and Soloma (Hofiman ' Chandler, and was born in Rockbridge 
 ijounty, Virginia, February 9th, 1808. At the age of twenty-one 
 he came west, and for several years worked in the lead mines at 
 Galena, Illinois. It not proving remunerative, he came south to 
 St. Louis, and from there to Belleville. Here he found work at 
 his trade of saddler, in the shop of John D. Hughes, who paid him 
 the small pittance of twenty-five cents per day. He continued at 
 the trade but a short time, and then engaged in general merchan- 
 dizing, in which he continued actively until hii death, August 7th, 
 187L On the 21st of January, 1834, he was united in marriage 
 to Miss Adilini La Croix, daughter of Michael and Catherine 
 (Dubuque) La Croix. Mrs. Chandler was born Dec 6, 1806, at 
 Marivais Ferre, then an Indian trading post on the Illinois River, 
 near Peoria, Illinois. She still survives her husband, and is a resi- 
 dent of Belleville. By this marriage there was one child, which 
 died in infancy. 
 
 During Mr. Chandler's life he became prominent in the local 
 politics of the county. He was not a politician, however, but his 
 well-known probity of character, busiuess sense and fidelity to 
 trusts and friends, made him almost invincible as a candidate for 
 public place. If he accepted a nomination or office, it was only at 
 the earnest solicitation of friends. Once accepted, he entered upon 
 the duties thereof and discharged them with a strict impartiality 
 
 and fairness that won the respect and confidence of all classes. In 
 1840 he was elected sherifl' of St. Clair county, and became his 
 own suceessor, and held the ofiice for a number of terms. In 1849 
 he was elected to represent St. Clair county in the Legislature, 
 and while acting as legislator, it is said of him that his acts were 
 marked by great prudence and economy, and a due regard for the 
 will of his constituents. All enterprises which had for their 
 object the good of his county or locality, or the increase of the 
 material wealth, always found in him an advocate and friend, 
 ready to take hold and give it substantial aid, and that too without 
 hoping to reap any direct personal advantage. In short, his 
 greatest pleasure seemed to be doing good to others, or in doing 
 something that would redound to the advantage of the public or 
 the benefit of individuals. He accumulated wealth rapidly, but 
 wealth in his hands was simply the means of enabling him to do 
 good to others He was industrious in making money, but seemed 
 equally industrious in giving it away. No object of charity ever 
 appealed to him and went away empty-handed. Every worthy 
 enterprise of a public character found in him a donor to the full 
 extent of his ability to give. The sums he gave were not so large 
 and princely, but he was constantly giving; and yet in such a 
 quiet, unostentatious manner, that it may truly.be said of him that 
 the right knew not what the left hand hand did. In the origina- 
 tion and organization of the Agricultural Society, he had more 
 to do than perhaps any other man in the county. He was 
 one of the origiual directors, and continued his connection with it 
 until his death. He was for some time its president, and, in fact, 
 held all the offices. The society sustained a great loss in his 
 death. He was, for many years, a director in the Belleville 
 Savings' Bank, and, at his death, resolutions of respect were passed 
 by the Directors, and placed upon the records of the bank, extolling 
 his many virtues as an officer and a man. 
 
rtitmiJ-LmtitJiJrUl 
 
 fmf-^i 
 
 r-^'fPiiv'cv'^'^ " 
 
 THcBusmessHOUsi: or L. LEBHUECHER . Dealer in all kinds of\^ 
 
 Heaths dT0VE38c/fANGESjmWARE&f/aUSE FURNISHING GoODSjSWESTMA/NST.BELmLLEjlL. 
 

/// 
 
 
mSTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 201 
 
 HON. JOHN THOMAS. 
 
 Among the old settlers of St Clair county, and of those who 
 have exercised a marked influence in the county, is Colonel John 
 Thomas, the subject of the following sketch : His ancestors were 
 from Wales, and emigrated to America about the beginning of the 
 last century. His great-grandfather, Daniel Thomas, was the 
 father of seven sons and three daughters. His son, Griffith 
 Thomas, had a family of eight sons and two daughters. Of this 
 family was John Thomas, the father of Colonel John Thomas. He 
 was a native of Virginia, and married Jane Smith, of North Caro- 
 lina. By this union there was a large family, five of whom are 
 still living. Colonel John Thomas was born in Wythe county, 
 Virginia, January 11th, 1800. His father was a blacksmith, and 
 followed that trade and farming. The family was large, and the 
 means of Mr. Thomas limited, therefore all the sons had to become 
 helpers, and provide for their own support and that of the family 
 at a very early age. Being poor, and living in a slave country, 
 where schools were the exception, their education was limited and 
 neglected, except that which they received from their excellent 
 mother, who taught all of her children to read and write. It was 
 the intention of his father, who abhorred the system of slavery, to 
 remove from Virginia as soon as he could do so, and take his 
 children to one of the free western States, where they could grow 
 up, and not be under the blighting influence of slavery. Full of 
 this resolve, he left Virginia, and arrived in St. Clair county, 
 Illinois, April 28, 1818. He halted near the present village of 
 Shiloh, and there set up a blacksmith shop, in what was known as 
 the Alexander settlement. There he remained until his death, 
 which took place in 1848. His wife survived him, and died in 
 1854. John remained at home and worked for his father until he 
 was twenty-one years of age. He then started out in life for him- 
 self. The first year after leaving home he divided between going 
 to school and working. He felt the need of more education. In 
 June, 1852, he was united in marriage to Miss Arabella, daughter 
 of William Kinney, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois. 
 After his marriage he commenced farming in a very small way, 
 on a rented farm. Six years later he made his first purchase of 
 land, bought and stocked a farm ; and from that first investment 
 in land dates his prosperity. He was shrewd and far-seeing, and 
 knew that permanent prosperity would come to him who would 
 invest liberally, or place his means in land. He knew it was only 
 a question of time as to when the broad and fertile prairies of 
 Illinois would be brought into market, and a great demand by the 
 tide of emigration was pouring in from foreign shores, and that 
 was rapidly moving westward from the east. He therefore con- 
 stantly purchased all the land he could get, and pay for, notwith- 
 standing he was advised that he was acting foolishly and inviting 
 bankruptcy, and sooner or later he would repent his rashness. 
 
 He, however, kept on buying land. He had an abiding faith 
 that real estate was the true source of wealth, and he who 
 would invest in it liberally would in time reap permanent pros- 
 perity. This has been the secret of his success and wealth. He 
 has seen the land for which he paid a few dollars per acre grow in 
 value to over one hundred dollars per acre. The history of his 
 success is the history of nearly all the rich men of Illinois. In 
 early life Mr. Thomas was considerably devoted to military pur- 
 suits. In 1832, during the progress of the Black Hawk war, he 
 enlisted and raised a company, and was elected colonel of the regi- 
 
 26 
 
 ment, and participated, with his command, in the skirmishes, and 
 helped to break the power of Black Hawk in the west. In the 
 same war was Abraham Lincoln, John J. Hardin, E. D. Baker 
 and other subsequently noted men of Illinois. Politically Col. 
 Thomas has, to a certain extent, been in politics for many years 
 That is to say, he never was an office-seeker. He was one of those 
 men who were outspoken upon all subjects in which the people 
 were interested, therefore his opinions were sought for, and his 
 position upon public questions was known to be sound and the 
 result of honest conviction, and generally in accord with public 
 sentiment. While yet a resident of Virginia, he imbibed principles 
 antagonistic to slavery. He knew its baneful influence and effect 
 upon society, and had felt its force. He believed that the normal 
 condition of all men was to be free and equal before the law. As 
 early as 1824, the first opportunity presented itself of giving him 
 a chance to raise his voice and deposit his ballot against the system 
 of slavery. At that date the Legislature submitted to a vote of 
 the people the question of the admission of a slavery clause in the 
 constitution. He acted with the old line whig party, and belonged 
 to the advanced wing of the party. In 1854, when Congress, un. 
 der the domination of Southern influence, passed what was known 
 as the Kansas-Nebraska bill, with a view to the extension of slavery 
 into the territories, he took an active part in opposition to its pas- 
 sage, and did what he could to prevent the measure from becoming 
 a law. In 1856 he was zealous and active in forming the Republi- 
 can party, and one of its first members. In short, he and Lincoln, 
 Trumbull, Palmer, Lovejoy and a few others were the leaders, and 
 may be regarded as the founders of the Republican parfy. In the 
 political contest of 1856 he was named as the leader of the party 
 in this Congressional District, and was nominated for Congress on 
 the ticket. He was beaten by Col. J. L. D. Morrison, the demo- 
 cratic nominee, but not until he had demonstrated that he was a 
 strong man, and on equal grounds would have defeated him. In 
 St. Clair county, where both lived, he beat Morrison over seven 
 hundred majority, and also made an equally good showing in Madi- 
 son county. In 1830 Col. Thomas was elected to the State Legis- 
 lature, and served in the last session held at Vandalia, and the first 
 at Springfield. In 1862, during the exciting times of the Rebel- 
 lion, he was again elected, and re-elected in 1864. During the 
 war he was loyal and patriotic, and favored every measure for the 
 speedy ending of the war and restoration of the Union. In 1872 
 he was elected for the fourth time to represent his District in the 
 Legislature, and in 1874 was re-elected. In 1878 he was nominated 
 and elected by the Republican party to represent St. Clair county 
 in the State Senate. He was a very useful member, and brought 
 to the Senate much intelligence, accumulated from long experience. 
 Col. Thomas is a believer in the general education of the masses, 
 and believes that therein lies the future hope and perpetuation of 
 free institutions in America. 
 
 By his marriage with Miss Arabella Kinney there were ten 
 children born, five sons and five daughters. Two sons and three 
 daughters are yet living. In January, 1875, he married Magdalena 
 Holdner, a widow, daughter of Jacob Von Eue, a native of Switzer- 
 land. Such is a brief history of Col. John Thomas. His career 
 is full of encouragement to the poor young man starting out in 
 life. The sequel of his success shows how, with industry, per- 
 severance and the practice of economy, and guided by correct 
 principles, a man may attain wealth and honor in this free land 
 of ours. 
 
202 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 <Jrm 
 
 i/cSvlcL^ 
 
 One of the early German settlers of St. Clair Co. was John Schcel. 
 He was born at Falkenstein in Eheni.sh Bavaria, German}', May 
 20th, 1808. He was educated for the Furrcstry at the Academy of 
 Aschaffenberg, in 1823 ; he emigrated to America, and in Augii.st 
 of the same year, together with the Engelmanns, Koerners,aud other 
 German families came west and settled in St. Clair county, Illinois. 
 Here he took up the profession of Civil Engineer. In 18:!G he 
 received an appointment as Civil Engineer under the so-called 
 " Internal Improvement Law," which position he retained until 
 18.39, when the system was abolished. He was afterwards elected 
 County Assessor, for St. Clair county. In 1849 he become County 
 Clerk, which office he held eight years, or for two full terms. In 
 1858, while absent on a visit to the country of his birth, he was 
 elected a member of the Legislature. He served with distinction 
 in that body. In 1860 he was unanimously nominated for the office of 
 State Senator by the Republican party. Although he receceived a 
 heavy majority in his own county, and reduced the Democratic ma- 
 jority in Monroe (wdiieh with St. Clair formed the Senatorial Dis- 
 
 trict), he was defeated, and his opponent. Judge W. H. Uuderwood, 
 elected by a small majority. In 18G2 he was appointed Assessor 
 of Internal Ivevcnue for what was then the 12th Congressional 
 District of Illinois, and held that office until the time of his 
 death, January 17th, 18G4. 
 
 On the 17th of October, 1838, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Elizabeth Engelmaun, who still survives him. Mr. Scheel, in hi^ 
 line, was a man of more than ordinary ability, and stood very high 
 in the estimation of his fellow citizens. His death was universally 
 lamented by all classes of people, and he was one among the many 
 prominent Germans, who have left their impress upon the history 
 of St. Clair county. As a public officer he was noted for strict 
 integrity and probity in all of his official acts. Of a genial dis- 
 position and equitable temperament he endeared himself to all who 
 knew him. Progressive and enterprising he was ever ready to aid 
 in promoting and furthering all laudable undertakings which had 
 for their oliject the moral, intellectual and material advan "tmeut 
 of the State and county of his ado]ition. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 203 
 
 Hon. GUSTAVUS KOERNER. 
 This distinguished German-American writer and statesman was 
 born in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, November 20th, 1809. 
 His father, Bernhard Koerner, was a book publisher and a promi- 
 nent citizen of Frankfort, and was repeatedly elected to the Legis- 
 lative Assembly, in which he became conspicuously known for his 
 strong liberalism. Young Koerner attended the Academy (Gym- 
 nasium) of his native city. This university was then the centre of 
 those associations of students known as " Burschenschaft." The 
 patriotic tendencies of the youth of Germany at the universities, 
 found in Koerner an active adherent in whom was instilled a warm 
 and sincere devotion to the cause, and a clear comprehensive know- 
 ledge of the questions and principles involved. In the fall of 1830 
 he studied at the University of Munich. During his residence 
 there, he was charged, with some others, with having resisted the 
 police. For this he was arrested and imprisoned for four months, 
 when he was released and discharged from the complaint, by judg- 
 ment of the Supreme Court of Bavaria. He completed his studies 
 at Heidelberg iu 1832, graduating with honors and receiving the 
 degree of LL. D. After his graduation, he was admitted by the 
 Supreme Court of his native state to practice law. 
 
 In 1833 the movement undertaken in behalf of the introduction 
 of a different form of government, based upon Republican princi- 
 ples, enlisted the ardent and active support of young Koerner, and 
 thousands of others, principally young professional men and stu- 
 dents. He became involved in the uprising at Frankfort on the.3d 
 of April, 1833, and in the conflict with the soldiery was wounded-. 
 After his recovery, with the aid of friends, he escaped to France. 
 The French government would not permit him to stay, and sent 
 him under escort to Switzerland. He, howeverj again made his way 
 back to France, went to Paris, and from there to Havre; where he 
 fvund theEnglemann family, friends of his, who were embarking for 
 America. He joined them and arrived in New York June 18th, 
 1833. In July following, he came west, and settled in Belleville, in 
 St. Clair county, Illinois, where he has continued to reside. 
 
 Soon after his ai rival here, he turned his attention to the study 
 of American law, and for the purpose of fitting himself thoroughly 
 for the practice, attended the law school at Lexington, Kentucky, 
 where he prosecuted his studies with great energy, and in 1835 was 
 admitted to the bar. He commenced the practice and soon attained 
 considerable reputation as a lawyer, and was retained as counsel in 
 most of the important cases occurring in the courts of St. Clair 
 county, and Supreme court of southern Illinois. 
 
 In 1846 his reputation as a clear, logical reasoner and sound ju- 
 rist,-received commendable and honorable recognition, by being 
 appointed by the governor of the state to a position upon the Su- 
 preme Bench. In the following year he was elected to the same 
 position by the Legislature of the state. He served in that official 
 capacity until 1849, when the office was made an elective one. He 
 declined to be a candidate, and returned to Belleville and resumed 
 his practice. His judicial opinions while upon the bench were 
 marked by great clearness, exhibiting thorough research and care- 
 ful analysis, and are yet held in high estimation by the bar of the 
 state. 
 
 His political sentiments at that time were in accord with the 
 democratic party. He was elected by that party in 1842, to repre- 
 sent his district in the Legislature of the state. In 1852 he was the 
 candidate of the same political organization for the office of Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor, and was elected by a large majority, being the first 
 German in the state nominated and elected to that position. As a 
 presiding officer in the Senate, he was distinguished for the correct- 
 ness of his rulings and thorough knowledge of parliamentary law. 
 
 In 1854 came the slavery agitation and the Kansas and Nebraska 
 troubles. Prior to that time, as intimated above. Governor Koer- 
 ner had been a conspicuous member of the democratic party. His 
 whole life and teachings had been in the direction of the largest 
 liberty to the masses. That idea had been impressed upon his youth, 
 and had grown with his strength, and in his maturer years it domi- 
 nat-'d and controlled all others. Educated in the advanced schools 
 of republican theories, associated and constantly in contact with the 
 advanced thought of the age, he abhorred mental or physical slavery 
 in whatsoever form it appeared. He therefore unhesitatingly ap- 
 proached the question of the admission of slavery into the territories, 
 and took a decided stand against it. This action was exceedingly 
 unpopular, particularly in the southern portion of Illinois, and iu 
 fact throughout the western country. He and other leaders found 
 themselves without the lines and sympathy of the democratic party 
 by their refusal to subscribe to the principles and uphold the tenets 
 as represented by the slave oligarchy of the south, who represented 
 the dominant wing of the party. His action and position upon the 
 Kansas-Nebraska question brought him in sympathy and accord 
 with Abraham Lincoln, Lyman Trumbull, John M. Palmer, and all 
 the great leaders of the progressive thought of that day, and to- 
 gether they constituted the leadership through whose agency the 
 republican party was formed and brought into organization and 
 power. Governor Koerner was the acknowledged leader of the new 
 party in southern Illinois. 
 
 In 1 858 Governor Koerner was president of the convention that 
 nominated Lincoln for United States Senator, and stumped the 
 state for him, and did valuable service in presenting the issues and 
 principles of the new party to the people. In 1860 he was a dele- 
 gate for the state at large to the Chicago convention which placed 
 Abraham Lincoln in nomination for the presidency. He was a 
 member of the committee who wrote the memorable platform of the 
 party. Upon the same committee were Governor Boutwell, Carl 
 Schurz and Horace Greeley. With the election of Lincoln came 
 the war of the rebellion. In the summer of 1861, Governor Koer- 
 ner put aside his practice and business, and was active in raising a 
 regiment ( f Infantry, known as the 43d Illinois, but before its 
 organization was completed he received from President Lincoln an 
 appointment as Colonel of volunteers, and was assigned to duty ou 
 the staff of Gen. Fremont, and afterwards assigned to a position 
 upon the staff of Gen. Halleck. Severe illness, however, compelled 
 his resignatiou in March, 1862. 
 
 It was due in part to Governor Koerner's influence that the mas3 
 of German voters took position and espoused the cause of the Union. 
 The war records of the country show that the German- Amei leans 
 were sound, union loving men, and the successful termination of the 
 war, and re-establishment of the Union was in a great measure due 
 to their patriotic efforts. 
 
 In June, 1862, Governor Koerner was appointed by President 
 Lincoln as Minister to Spain,, which honorable position he held un- 
 til his resignation, two and a half years later. During that period, 
 as will be seen by the diplomatic correspondence with the State 
 Department, his prudent and able management of the questions 
 growing out of the war had much to do in maintaining the strict 
 neutrality of that foreign power during the progress of the civil 
 
 war. 
 
 In 1868 he was appointed one of the electors for the state at large 
 on the republican ticket, and presided over the Electoral College of 
 Illinois, and cast the Electoral vote for Gen. U. S. Grant. In 1871 
 he was appointed by the governor of the state one of the newly 
 created Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners, of which 
 body he was subsequently chairman, and in which capacity he was 
 
204 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 instrumental of much good, in guarding the interests of the public 
 against the grasping railroad monopolies and corporations. 
 
 In 1872 he became dissatisfied and disgusted with the abuses and 
 corrupt influences at work in the party with which he had affilia- 
 ted since 185G, and he became an advocate of liberalism, or reform, 
 in all that the term implies. The questions that compelled his sev- 
 erance from the democratic party had been settled by the war, and 
 the principles which brought the republican party into power and 
 sustained the organization through that trying ordeal, had also been 
 settled by the arbitrament of the sword. Its plea for further con- 
 tinuance in power was based upon its record of the past. Its promi- 
 ses for the future were self-reformation. Gov. Koerner's well- 
 known statesmanship and his liberal views on qnestions of public 
 policy, indicated him as a leader in the political contest of 1872, 
 and he accordingly became the candidate of the liberal democratic 
 party for governor of Illinois. His fitness for the post was gener- 
 ally admitted, and his name gave strength and character to the ntw 
 party born at Cincinnati, of which Mr. Greeley was, the champion. 
 The political canvass, which failed, demonstrated that he was a 
 strong and popular man ; although sharing defeat which attended 
 the liberal movement everywhere, he ran 16,000 votes ahead of the 
 presidential nominee of the party. With a record untarnished, 
 and integrity and honesty of purpose unquestioned, he again as- 
 sumed the duties of his profession, in which he still continues, and 
 gives evidence of long usefulness. 
 
 Governor Koerner's has been a long and busy life. Aside from 
 the many duties and labors depending upon official and- professional 
 life he has found time and devoted much labor to literary work. 
 In 1834, soon after his arrival in this country, he wrote valuable 
 articles for the monthly magazine " Das Ausland," published in 
 Stuttgardt, Germany, which contributions did much to enlighten and 
 correct German views in relation to American institutions. He 
 was a frequent contributor to various other magazines and leading 
 papers, both at home and abroad. 
 
 In 1840 he translated into the German all the laws of a general 
 character found in the Revised Code of Illinois, of 1833. The 
 translation was printed at St. Louis. After his return from Spain 
 he published at Frankfort, Germany, Spanish reminiscences under 
 the title " Aus Spanien," and in 1880 quite a large work, printed at 
 Cincinnati, entitled " Das Deutsche Element in den Vereinigten 
 Staaten, von 1818-1848," — The German Element in the United 
 States from 1818 to 1848, which has been very favorably reviewed 
 in the New York Nation, N. Y. Tribune, and in the principal Ger- 
 man periodicals in Germany and this country. 
 
 Oil the 16th of June, 1836, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Sophia, daughter of Frederick Theodore Englemann, late of St. Clair 
 county. By this union there has been eight children, five sons and 
 three daughters. One son and two daughters are yet living. Theo- 
 di)re, the oldest son, was born in 1837, and was a cadet at West 
 Point. la 1856, while there, he contracted an acute inflammation of 
 the bowels, and died after a few days' illness. 
 
 This in brief is a biographical sketch of one of the old settlers of 
 St. Clair county, and one who has played a conspicuous part in the 
 history of the state during the last half-century. Few men, now 
 Jiving, have been more prominent in the state, and few have exert- 
 ed more influence, or have been more thoroughly representative of 
 tliL'ir class or people than Mr. Koerner. 
 
 HON. EDWAED ABEND. 
 
 Few men, now living in St. Clair county, have been more actively 
 identified with its history, or aided more in building up and adding 
 
 to its material wealth than he whose name heads this sketch. Since 
 he first settled here he has seen the State grow from an insignificant, 
 unimportant frontier State to the fourth in population, importance 
 and wealth in the great union of States. This change has occurred 
 as he advanced from boyhood to mature years. He was born in 
 Bavaria, Germany, May 30, 1822. Henry Abend, his father, was 
 an officer in the revenue service of his native country. He was a 
 man of broad views and liberal ideas, which led him to favor and 
 espouse the principles'of Republicanism. His well-known opinions 
 and intimacy with the leaders of that sentiment bfought him into 
 disrepute with the government. Knowing that he was looked upon 
 with disfavor, he tendered his resignation, which was accepted. He 
 then, in company with other prominent families, emigrated to 
 America, and landed in New York in the spring of 1883. The 
 destination of the party was Missouri, of which they had glowing 
 accounts, but, upon their arrival in St. Louis, the cholera was 
 raging, and Mr. Abend and two of his children fell victims to the 
 disease. The mother then brought the family to St. Clair county^ 
 Illinois, and settled at Shiloh, where they remained several years 
 and then removed to Belleville, where Mrs. Abend lived until her 
 death, which occurred in 1865. Her maiden name was Margaret 
 Lavealle. By her marriage with Henry Abend, there were seven 
 children, four of whom are still living. The subject of this sketch 
 is the eldest living of the family. His education was obtained in 
 the primitive schools of St. Clair county of half a century ago. 
 His first teacher was George Bunsen. After the family removed to 
 Belleville, he attended the subscription schools of the town. He 
 afterwards spent one term at McKeudrec College, Lebanon, and al- 
 together received a fair English education. He, however, before 
 attending school at Lebanon, had served an apprenticeship of two 
 years at the carpenter's trade. He quit the carpenter trade to take 
 charge of a farm that his mother had purchased, near Belleville. 
 Soon after that he concluded to study law, and with that idea in 
 view he entered the law office of Lyman and George Trumbull, and 
 pursued his studies until 1842, when he was admitted to the bar. 
 He commenced the practice which he continued for a number of 
 years, or, until his mother, who had become possessed of a large 
 amount of property, demanded all his time in looking after and 
 taking care of it. That, and other growing interests, absorbed so 
 much of his attention, that he gradually abandoned the practice 
 and quit it entirely about 1 850. In 1849 he was elected by the 
 Democratic party to represent St Clair county in the State Legis- 
 lature. He served through the session of 1849-50, and took part 
 in the Senatorial fight between Gen. Shields and Judge Breese. 
 In 1852 he paid a visit to his native country, and while there, he 
 made the acquaintance of a number of German capitalists, who 
 made him their American agent, and sent him large sums of money 
 for investment in American lands and securities. This new busi- 
 ness added to his other, made Mr. Abend a very busy man, which 
 he has continued to be to the present time. Very few enterprises 
 of a public character were started without his having a direct or 
 indirect connection with them, and all the enterprises with which he 
 had any connection, were originated for the public good, or the in- 
 crease of the material wealth of the city or county. In 1856 the 
 Belleville Gas and Coke Company was formed. He was one of the 
 original directors, and has been its treasurer and secretary for many 
 years. In 1860 he was prominent in forming the St. Clair Savings 
 and Insurance Company, which, by an Act of the Legislature, was 
 afterwards changed to the Belleville Savings Bank. He was elec- 
 ted its first president, and has held that position ever since, except 
 for a short time, when he was temporarily absent in Europe. The 
 Belleville Savings Bank is one of the best known and most 'firmly 
 
Res,denc€ of henry TJ YLOR. Belle^ulc , Illino ,s . 
 
 Residence of Col. JOHN TH M A S . Belleville , Illinois. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 205 
 
 established institutions of its kind in St. Clair county. Since the 
 day of its first opening, it has never closed its doors in business 
 hours, or refused to pay every legal demand made upon it. During 
 the financial crisis of 1873, when banks generally throughout the 
 country closed their doors, it kept open. No one made the second 
 demand for money, or time, or other deposits in the keeping of the 
 bank. To do this required sacrifices, but, in the judgment of Mr. 
 Abend and others associated with him, it was better to suffer finan- 
 cially than to sacrifice the reputation and standing of the bank- 
 The bank was organized to pay every legal demand made upon it> 
 and it has redeemed every promise made from the first opening 
 down to the present. Mr. Abend has been, and is yet, secretary and 
 treasurer of various other corporations and companies in St. Clair 
 county. 
 
 In 1852, while in Europe, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Caroline Wetermann. She died in 1854 On the 26th of October, 
 1856, he married Miss Anna Hilgard, a native of St. Clair county, 
 and daughter of Theodore Hilgard, Jr , who was one of the early 
 German settlers of this county. By this marriage there are six 
 children, four sons and two daughters. Politically, Mr. Abend was 
 originally a Democrat In 1854, during the Kansas-Nebraska 
 troubles, he took strong grounds against the admission of slavery 
 into the territories, and became a free-soiler. In 1860 he voted for 
 Abraham Lincoln for President, and continued a Republican until 
 1872, when he joined the Liberal party, and afterwards went back 
 to the Democratic party. He has occupied offices of local trust, 
 and was Mayor of the city of Belleville for four terms In official 
 positions he sustained the character of a careful and economical 
 officer, and all his official acts were dictated by a just regard for 
 the interests of his constituents. 
 
 The Abend family, and others that came with them, were among 
 the pioneers of the German emigration to St. Clair county. They 
 were composed of the wealthy and prominent class in their native 
 country. After their arrival here, they were instrumental in bring, 
 ing others of the same class to this section of the country. 
 
 This, in brief, is a sketch of Mr. Abend's life. During his long 
 residence here, and connection with the business interests, and as- 
 sociation with the people of St. Clair county, he has proved himself 
 a useful citizen, and one entitled to the respect and entire confidence 
 of the community. 
 
 FELIX SCOTT. 
 
 This venerable gentleman is a member of one of the oldest 
 American families in St. Clair county. They are of Scotch descent 
 on the paternal side and Irish on the maternal. William Scott, the 
 grandfather of Felix, was a native of Botetourt county, Virginia ; 
 born May 17lh, 1745. His wife, Mary Scott, was born in same 
 county and state in 1748. He removed to Kentucky about the 
 time that state was admitted to the Union. In 1794 he came north 
 to the country now known as Illinois, on a tour of observation, and 
 while here he picked out some land with a view to settling upon it 
 at a later date. He returned to Kentucky, and remained there 
 until 1797, when hs came with his family t) a point known as 
 Turkey Hill in this county, and then opened a farm, and remained 
 there until 1820. After which he lived with the widow of his son^ 
 James Scott, until his death in 1828. He had six sons and on.e 
 daughter. Joseph Scott, the father of Felix, was born in Botetourt 
 county, Virginia, September 14th, 1781. He came with his father 
 from Kentucky to Illinois, and here he married Nancy Harrison, a 
 niece of Gen. Harrison. She was born in Ohio, where her parents 
 
 died while she was yet young. She was brought to Illinois by her 
 friends. 
 
 Joseph Scott in his day was quite a remarkable man. He was 
 in the Ranger Service during the war of 1812. He was also the 
 first manufacturer of powder in the state. He had learned the 
 secret of its manufacture from a man by the name of Dixon. He 
 manufactured powder during the spring of the year, or on his re- 
 turn from "Ranging;" then would distribute it to the different 
 posts, and by that means kept the old Rangers supplied with' 
 powder. 
 
 During his life he held the office of Justice of the Peace for the 
 term of twelve years. He died from apoplexy Nov. 9th, 1867, 
 in his eighty-seventh year. His wife had died as early as 
 1826. By his marriage with Nancy (Harrison) Scott there 
 were eight children, three of whom are living. Felix is the 
 eldest son. He was born in Shiloh Valley, St. Clair county, Ills., 
 July 16th, 1807. He grew to manhood on the farm, and received 
 some little schooling. It must be recollected that he was in his 
 boyhood some years before Illinois was admitted to the Union, and 
 consequently in those early pioneer days, a school was an exception 
 as they are now the rule. They perhaps learned to read, which 
 was regarded as a very fortunate circumstance, and then their in- 
 formation from books was got from such as fell in their way. But 
 it must not be supposed that they were entirely ignorant in those 
 days, because schools were not plenty. On the contrary Illinois in 
 her pioneer days produced some of the brightest minds and greatest 
 intellects of modern times, men who have become famous in the 
 world's history. Men drew their inspiration from nature and 
 nature's laws, and reasoned not from forms laid down in books, but 
 from cause and effect. Felix remained at home until he was 
 eighteen years of age, then went to the lead mines of Galena. 
 While at Galena he helped to build the forts as a protection against 
 the Indians. In 1827, after the completion of the forts, he went 
 into the military service, in the Winnebago War, under General 
 Whiteside, who was a resident of Madison county, Illinois. Dur- 
 ing the Black Hawk war in 1831, Mr. Scott enlisted in Capt. Mil- 
 ler's company, which was afterwards divided, and he went with 
 those who formed the company under Capt. Moore. His enlistment 
 was for three months. In his youth Mr. Scott was quite handy in 
 the use of tools, and had considerable mechanical genius, and there- 
 fore he worked at carpentering, mill-wrighting, or in fact in any 
 kind of wood work. He quit the trade in 1835, and went to farm- 
 ing, and engaged in that calling until 1877, when he retired from 
 active life, and came to Belleville, where he is at present a resident. 
 In 1832 Mr. Scott was united in marriage to Miss Nicey Moore, 
 daughter of Gen. James B. Moore, one of the pioneers of Illinois. 
 The Moore family are of English ancestry. James Moore was 
 born in England in 1716. He emigrated to America and settled 
 in Virginia. His son, James Moore, was born in \ irginia in 1750, 
 and brought his family to Illinois in 1781. He was a captain of 
 militia, and was sent out first to Illinois county, by the Governor 
 of Virginia. Gen. James B. Moore was his son. He was born in 
 Virginia in 1780, and was captain of a company in the war of 1812. 
 He also represented his district in the senate in 1838-40. In 1810 
 he married Sarah Shuck. She died in 1860, and Mr. Moore in 
 1841. By the marriage of Felix Scott and Nicey Moore there are 
 two children living, both sons, who married and have families. 
 Their names are James and Joseph Scott. Joseph Scott, the young- 
 est son, was a soldier in the late war. He enlisted for three years 
 in the 117th Reg't Ill's Vol's, and remained in the service until the 
 close of the war. Mr. Felix Scott was during the war a very strong 
 Union man, and did much to sustain the Union sentiment in Sfc 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Clair county. During the dark days of the Republic, in the winter 
 of 1862-63, ■« hen treason stalked through the land, and the sympathi- 
 zers of the South in St. Clair county and other portions of the State 
 began to be defiant, and bold, Mr. Scott counseled the friends of 
 the Union to prepare and organize to maintain the peace by the 
 force of arms, if necessary, and for this purpose, personally visited 
 Gov. Yates, at Springfield, and asked his support, and supply of 
 arnis from the State. But the Governor was powerless to provide 
 them with arms. Mr. Scott then went to St. Louis and bought 
 arms, using his private means. They were placed in the hands of 
 the members of the Union League, who were loyal men. Compa- 
 nies were formed, armed and drilled, and thus with the victories won 
 by our armies in the field in the next campaign, the rebel sentiment 
 in the community was overawed and kept in subjection. After 
 Mr. Scott purchased the arms in St. Louis, they received arms from 
 the State, for which he became personally responsible. Politically 
 Mr. Scott was originally an old line whig, then became a free 
 soiler, and from that position it was but a step into jibe republican 
 party. He has been a member of the last named political organi- 
 zation since 1856. While he has been active in local politics he has 
 never sought ofiBce. He was one of the first Board of School 
 Trustees. Wm. Moore and William Hendricks were the other 
 members. He was, in early life, a member of the M. E. Church. 
 His wife is still a member. He never belonged to any secret 
 organization except the Union League during the war. Thus, in 
 brief, have we sketched one of St. Clair county's oldest native-born 
 citizens. Born here in 1807, three-quarters of a century ago, he 
 has seen the county and state, the latter grow from a territory, then 
 an insignificant -frontier state, to one of the first in population, 
 wealth and importance in the Union. 
 
 JOSEPH OGLE. 
 
 Prominent among the early settlers of St Clair cunty, Illinois, 
 is Joseph Ogle, a native of Newcastle county, Delaware. He was 
 born on the 8th of February, 1809, and is the son of Samuel Ogle 
 and Deborah nee WoUaston. 
 
 His father, a native of Maryland, was born in 1775, and named in 
 honor of Samuel Ogle, then Governor of Maryland. His mother 
 was born in Delaware in the year 1781, and belonged to the Society 
 of Friends- Her original ancestors in this country emigrated 
 from England with William Penn. The Ogle family is of Welsh 
 origin, and removed from Virginia to Illinois in 1789. One of this 
 family, Joseph Ogle, was a captain in the revolutionary war, a copy 
 of whose commission, signed by Patrick Henry, is found below. It 
 is highly prized as a relic, and has descended in a direct line from 
 the original receiver to his namesake, the subject of this sketch. 
 
 " His Excellency, Patrick Henry, Jun , Esq., Governor of the 
 Commonwealth of Virginia, to Joseph Ogle, Esq. : 
 
 " By virtue of the power and authority to me delegated by the 
 general convention of the represeutatives of this commonwealth, I, 
 reposing especial trust and confidence in your patriotism, fidelity, 
 courage and good conduct, do, by and with the advice of the privy 
 council, by these presents, constitute and appoint you to be captain 
 of militia in the County of Ohio. You are, therefore, carefully and 
 diligently to discharge the duty of captain of the militia, by doing 
 and performing all manner of things thereunto belonging. And 
 you are to pay a ready obedience to all orders and instructions 
 which from time to time you may receive from the convention, 
 privy council, or any of your superior officers, agreeable to the 
 
 rules and regulations of the convention or general assembly; and 
 to require all officers and soldiers under your command to be obe- 
 dient and to aid you in the execution of this commission, according 
 to the intent and purport thereof. 
 "Given under my hand and seal at Williamsburg. 2d day of 
 
 June, 1776. 
 
 «P. Henky." 
 
 Mr. Ogle's early educational advantages were very limited, and 
 he received only a meagre knowledge of the ordinary branches. In 
 1818 he left his native state, going by wagon to Pittsburg, Penn'a, 
 thence by flatboat down the Ohio river to Louisville, Kentucky, 
 and thence overland to Belleville, Illinois. Here he passed his 
 early life in farming, but did not begin for himself till 1 843. From 
 that time he gave himself unremittingly to his work, and by his 
 persevering industry, integrity, frugality and good management, he 
 has made for himself a competency. 
 
 He served as second sergeant during the Black Hawk war, and 
 at its close engaged as assistant surveyor in connection with the 
 survey of the line between Wisconsin and Illinois. In 1832-3 he 
 spent Christmas in Chicago, and there engaged as assistant surveyor 
 under the late John Messinger, commissioner for Illinois. In 1851 
 he engaged in the construction of the Belleville and St. Louis turn- 
 pike, of which he is now president. He is also director of the 
 Belleville mail line, director of East St. Louis and Carondelet Rail- 
 road, and of the American Bottom Board of Improvements. His 
 travels have been- confined to the United States. In 1843 he 
 crossed the plains as far as Green river, and in 1872 went to Port- 
 land, Oregon, as a witness in the case of Joseph Thomas alias 
 " Wrestling Joe " vs. Carruther's Estate, involving five million dol- 
 lars. 
 
 Mr. Ogle is not a member of any church, but he adheres to the 
 Presbyterian faith and liberally supports its services. He was 
 married on the 15th of February, 1844, to Miss Felicite Boneau, a 
 lady of French parentage, whose father served under Gen. Harri- 
 son, and fought in the battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. They had 
 eleven children : Charles M., Joseph Decatur, who died in the sum- 
 mer of 1881; Edward Rufus, Thomas Winstanley, William Linn, 
 Russell Hinckley, Isabella, wife of Richard Roman, a lawyer ; Mary 
 Louisa, wife of Edward Underwood, merchant; Amelia, Celena and 
 Susan R. Ogle. 
 
 MARSHALL W. WEIR. 
 
 The Weir family are descendants of Scotch-Irish ancestors. 
 Samuel Weir, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in 
 Williamston, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1807. His father, Samuel, 
 was also born in Pennsylvania. His grandfather, the great-grand- 
 father of Marshall W., was born in county Londonderry, province 
 of Ulster, Ireland. He there grew to manhood and married, and 
 came to this country with his wife about the middle of the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 Samuel Weir, the father of Marshall W., was by trade a cabinet 
 maker. While yet young he removed to Ohio, and settled in 
 Trumbull county. There on the 16th of March, 1835, he married 
 Miss Nancy Sophia Barnes, who was born in the town of Gill, 
 Franklin county, Mass., September 14, 1812. Her father, Samuel 
 Newton Barnes, and her grandfather, John Barnes, were both na- 
 tives of New England. Her father married a Miss Elizabeth 
 Morley, a daughter of John Morley. Both of her grandfathers, 
 John Barnes and John Morley, were soldiers in the Revolution- 
 ary war. 
 
 Samuel Weir was of a roving disposition. Soon after his mar- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 207 
 
 riage he removed to Indiana ; from there he went to Missis- 
 sippi, where he remained about five years — until the year 1843 — 
 when he returned to Trumbull county, Ohio. A year later, leaving 
 his family in Ohio, he went on a prospecting tour to Texas, which 
 place about that time was attracting considerable attention. He 
 did not live to reach home again ; on his way back he was taken 
 sick and died. 
 
 By his marriage with Nancy Sophia Barnes there were four 
 children — three sons and one daughter. The eldest, Virgil Newton 
 Weir, enlisted at the breaking out of the late war, and was lieu- 
 tenant in Company B of the 86th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. 
 He remained in the service until discharged by death, the result of 
 disease contracted in the service and in the regular line of duty. 
 He died February 3d, 1863. Mary the only daughter, is the wife 
 of Judge A. H. Foote, a prominent lawyer of Lawrence, Kansas. 
 Henry Barnes Weir, the youngest son, has established himself in a 
 prosperous mercantile business in Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, 
 not more than half-a-dozen miles from the spot where he was born. 
 He has never lived elsewhere than in Trumbull county. 
 
 The mother, Mrs. Weir, still survives. She is and ever has been 
 a remarkable woman. In early life she received as good an educa- 
 tion as the times afforded, and she paid special attention to the 
 education of her children. The latter remember the constant en- 
 couragement and assistance given by her during their early life at 
 school. No branch was too difficult, in h€r estimation, for her 
 children to pursue. When they encountered a lesson too intricate 
 for their young minds and calculated to discourage them, she never 
 wearied in her endeavors to keep up their courage until the task 
 was accomplished. She was gifted with rare qualities of mind and 
 grace of person. Now, at the age of nearly sixty-nine years, she is 
 of tall, commanding presence, exceedingly interesting in conversa- 
 tion, affable in her manners and loved and esteemed by all who 
 know her. 
 
 Marshall W. Weir is the second of the family. He was born in 
 Amite county, Mississippi, February 9, 1889. About four years 
 after he was born his father removed to Ohio. At an early age 
 Marshall was placed in the " Western Reserve Seminary " of Trum- 
 bull county, where he remained a number of years, making rapid 
 advancement in study, from which institution he afterwards 
 received the degree of A.M. It may be mentioned in this connec- 
 tion that the honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on him in 
 1877, by Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, Illinois. 
 
 After leaving school he taught one year in Ohio, at the end of 
 which time he came to Illinois, arriving at Springfield March 26, 
 1857. In less than a week thereafter, (March 31st) having en- 
 gaged a school, he commenced teaching near Loami, Sangamon 
 county. At the end of his engagement there, in the spring of 1858> 
 he removed to St. Clair county, where he has resided ever since, 
 and where he followed the vocation of a teacher for several 
 years. 
 
 In the summer of 1861 he concluded to adopt the profession of 
 law as the business of his life, and with that object in view read the 
 standard text-books, and pursued his studies until he had made 
 sufficient progress to entitle him to admission to the bar. On the 
 13th of June, 1863, he passed a creditable examination, and on the 
 8th of July following he received his license to practice in the 
 courts of the state. 
 
 At the time that he was admitted to practice, George Trumbull, 
 Esq., was about removing from Belleville to Chicago, and desired 
 to have some competent young man in his office to take charge of 
 his unfinished business. He offered the place to Mr. Weir, which 
 offer was gladly accepted, and thereby Mr. Weir was assisted ma- 
 
 terially in getting what young attorneys most desire — " a start." 
 Since then he has continued alone in the practice. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Weir takes front rank at the bar of St. Clair 
 county. He is a man of liberal education and scholarly attain- 
 ments. He has always been a close student. His libraries, law 
 and miscellaneous are well filled with works of the best authors. 
 He possesses much natural aptitude for the law ; he is a concise, 
 logical reasoner, and always has his cases and the law governing the 
 points well in hand. In his business transactions he is methodical 
 and exact. Method is the governing principle, and he carries that 
 trait of character into his practice as well as in his private 
 business. 
 
 On the 5th day of November, 1865, he was united in marriage 
 to Miss Hannah Angle Stookey, a most estimable and accomplished 
 young lady, the daughter of Simon and Hannah Stookey, an old 
 and respected family of this county. Hannah Stookey was the 
 daughter of Major Cornelius Gooding, who was born in Virginia in 
 the year 1767. Major Gooding married Sept. 12, 1786, a lady 
 named Peggy Scott. Ten children were born to them, from whom 
 descended many well-known and honored families in this section of 
 country. Hannah was born January 12, 1802, in Fleming county, 
 Kentuck . She came to this county with her father's family in 
 the fall of 1816, two years before Illinois was admitted into the 
 Union. She married in 1819 ; she died April 9, 1879, at the age 
 of over seventy-seven years. Her husband, Simon Stookey, died in 
 1849. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Weir two children have been born, a daughter, 
 Sophie Barnes, and a son, Marshall Gooding Weir. 
 
 Mr. Weir has never been ambitious to shine in the field of 
 politics, or to occupy public office. His profession and business 
 plans have occupied his time and absorbed his attention. Finan- 
 cially he would be able to leave his family provided for, should he 
 be taken away from them. He has been a Republican from his 
 boyhood to the present time, and sincerely believes that the prin- 
 ciples of the political organization to which he has given his con- 
 stant adherence are best calculated to secure the progress of free 
 government and perpetuate our institutions on the basis proposed 
 by the founders of the Republic. 
 
 JULIUS KOHL, M. D., 
 
 Was born at Grenzhausen in the Province of Nassau, Germany , 
 April 18, 1838. He attended the common schools of his native 
 village four years, and was awarded by the school authorities with 
 a gratuitous classical education as a reward for his extraordinary di- 
 ligence in his studies and good behaviour. In 1853, at the age of 
 about fifteen, together with his father, one brother and two sisters, he 
 emigrated to America and settled at Belleville, St. Clair county, 
 Illinois. One brother and a married sister had preceded the family 
 to this country the year before. Young men who had a good edu- 
 cation were received with open arras in those days in the Western 
 country. Mr. Kohl's services were secured by Mi; Kelerman, a 
 prominent druggist of Belleville, who h niself had received a fine 
 education in Europe under the celebrated Professor Liebig. Mr. 
 Kelerman was consequently just the man to train a student of me- 
 dicine properly. Young Julius took hold of his new vocation with 
 his accustomed energy, and in a short time had charge of Mr. Keler- 
 man's business. The idea of becoming a Doctor of Medicine, being 
 favorably received by his senior brother, Ferdinand, now a promi- 
 nent citizen of Centralia, Illinois, Julius concluded to adopt it as 
 the business of his life, and with this idea in view he devoted his 
 
208 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 time to it. Dr. Trapp, now a resident of Springfield, Ills., can be 
 named as his first teacher. Having completed his engagement with 
 Mr. Kelerman, he went to St Louis in the year 1856, to enter the 
 St. Louis Medical College. Having no means at command, except 
 some kind donations from his brother and sister, he attended the 
 drug store of his friend. Dr. Berghoif, during the summer months, in 
 order to raise the money to study during the winter. This, together 
 with a loan from Mr. Kelerman, enabled him to get through the 
 first two years. One day, while visiting the City Hospital, together 
 with the professors and students for clinical studies, the thought 
 struck him, that a residence at the hospital would be the best thing 
 in order to have opportunities to study the different phases of dis- 
 ease, and become a thorough physician. Here was an opportunity 
 that could not be had in any other place than this. But there 
 were barriers in the way. The city council of St. Louis at that 
 time, allowed only one resident physician with two assistants 
 at the hospital — the salary of the assistants being very small. 
 Julius was determined to get in, but how ? He was poor, a stranger, 
 and not yet a graduate of medicine. Matters in those days were 
 managed very much as at present. Politics and patronage went a 
 long way. The Mayor with the concurrence of the city council 
 made the appointment of the principal physician, and he appointed 
 his assistants with the sanction of the Board of Health. An elec- 
 tion coming off, Julius secured through his friend. Dr. Berghoff, 
 the promise of assistant from the doctor, who seemed to have the 
 best chance to secure the position ; but unfortunately his friend 
 
 failed, and he was left apparently in the cold. Dr. P. M. Cornytr 
 was appointed. Julius mustered up courage and went to him and 
 plead his case in the best English he could command, and some- 
 what to his astonishment, but to his great joy, he received the ap- 
 pointment. Dr. Comyer was a kind man. He gave Julius per- 
 mission to pursue his studies. The hospital gave him a home, a 
 little salary, boarding and washing, all the dissecting matter he 
 needed, and ample time to attend lectures. He worked hard and 
 graduated in 1859. He remained in the hospital until the expira- 
 tion of his time contracted with the city, and then went to Centra- 
 lia, wht re the greater part of his family had settled. He there 
 practiced a short time, and in the mean time married Miss Kate 
 Berghoff, sister of his St. Louis friend. Dr. berghoff. From Cen- 
 tralia he went to Columbia, near Waterloo, in Monroe county, and 
 practiced there for six years ; then removed to Belleville, his first 
 American home, and here he has remained, practising his profes- 
 sion, which has grown very large and lucrative. He was a partner 
 in the St. Clair drug store for a number of years, and three years 
 with his son Emil in the National Drug Store. He was one of the 
 original stockholders of the First National Bank of Belleville, and 
 its first president for five years. He is physician to the St. Eliza- 
 beth hospital, and several other institutions. He is a member of 
 several medical societies, and has been Becording Secretary of the 
 St. Clair Medical Society for the past twelve years. He has had 
 thirteen children, of whom seven are living, four sous and three 
 daughters. 
 
HISrORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 209 
 
 ^ (2 ffUvT^ 
 
 ^^.^^^ f\q^^ 
 
 Mrs. R. a. MOORE. 
 
 '^■^ow one of the oldest residents of St Clair county, was born east 
 of Belleville, within a short distance of his present residence, on the 
 26th of January, 1817. The Moore family is of Welsh descent. 
 Mr. Moore's ancestors emigrated from Wales to America in the 
 year 1732, and settled in Delaware. His grandfather, Risdon 
 Moore, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, and his grand- 
 father's brother served as paymaster in the American army. Mr. 
 Moore has now in his possession an interesting and valuable relic of 
 Revolutionary times, in the shape of two statements of the expendi- 
 tures of General Washington during the war, made out in the hand- 
 writing of Washington himself, and signed by his name. After the 
 Revolution, his grandfather, Risdon Moore, went to North Carolina 
 where he was married, and afterward settled in Georgia, where he 
 resided till his emigration to Illinois in the year 1812. His second 
 wife, the grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was Anna Dent. 
 He engaged in farming in Georgia. Though a man of quiet dis- 
 position, he occupied a prominent and influential place in the com- 
 munity, and was three times elected to represent his county in the 
 state legislature, and was once speaker of the house of representa- 
 tives. 
 
 William Moore, the father of the subject of this biography, was 
 born in Georgia in the year 1791. He lived in his native state till 
 twenty years of age. He made a trip to Illinois in the year 1811, 
 with a view to the selection of a location to which the family might 
 remove from Georgia. He carried back a favorable report of the 
 country, and the next year, 1812, the whole family came to this 
 county. With the family of Risdon Moore came S(jme negroes, 
 fifteen or eighteen in number, whom, as soon as they became of age, 
 97 
 
 he allowed to look out for themselves and use thtir own earnings. 
 Risdon Moore was strongly opposed to slavery, and that was one 
 cause of his removal from Georgia. It was his boast that, while 
 owning slaves in Georgia, he never struck a negro, and sold but 
 one, and this sale was necessary in order to allow the negro to 
 remain with his family, and for him he received only one-fourth of 
 his value. 
 
 On coming to St. Clair county, the family resided one season on 
 Turkey Hill, and then settled on survey number 762, about three 
 miles east of Belleville. Here Risdon Moore died in the year 1828. 
 He was elected two or three times to represent St. Clair county in 
 the state legislature He was elected a member of that body in 
 1824, in the exciting contest of that year, in which the main ques- 
 tion was the proposed change of the constitution to permit the in- 
 troduction of slavery into the state. He made the canvass for the 
 legislature on this issue. He did all in his power to resist the pro- 
 slavery movement, and he is one of the men to whom credit and 
 honor should be given that Illinois maintained her place among the 
 free states, and that the blot of slavery never rested on her name. 
 During the session of the legislature he made a speech, published 
 in the journals of the day, in which he urged the members to vote 
 against the proposed convention to change the constitution, and 
 made use of the expression that " unborn millions would thank them 
 for their action." His pcr.^istent efforts in favor of freedom excited 
 the enmity of those who wished to make Illinois a slave state, and 
 he and Churchill, the member from Madison "ounty, were burnt in 
 effigy at Troy. 
 
 In the vear 1814, William Moore married Margaret Alexamler, 
 
210 
 
 HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 daughter of David Alexander, -who was born in Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, on the 7th of September, 1794. The Alexander 
 family, from which Mr. Moore's mother was descended, was of 
 Scotch origin. Members of the Alexander family fled from Scot- 
 land to the North of Ireland on account of the religious persecu- 
 tions in the former country Hugh Alexander, the great-grand- 
 father of the subject of this sketch, came to America with his father 
 in 1736, then about twelve years of age. He made an early settle- 
 ment in Sherman's Valley, Perry county, Pennsylvania, from which 
 he and his family were often driven back by the Indians to their 
 former home in Cecil county, Maryland, east of the Susquehanna. 
 Hugh Alexander was a member of the conference of deputies from 
 the different counties of Pennsylvania which met in Philadelphia^ 
 on the 18th of June, 1776, a short time before the Declaration of 
 Independence was made. He there represented in part the large 
 Scotch-Irish population of the Cumberland valley which was en- 
 thusiastically on the side of independence, and which did its full 
 share toward securing the freedom of the thirteen colonies. He 
 was also a member of the first free legislature, dr assembly, of 
 Pennsylvania, which met at Carpenters' Hall, in the city of Phila- 
 delphia, on the 28th of November, 1776. He was one of the three 
 representatives from Cumberland county. He died in Philadelphia 
 while attending the sessions of the body, in February, 1777. 
 
 David Alexander, son of Hugh Alexander, was born about 1760, 
 in Sherman's Valley, Cumberland, (now Perry) county, Pennsyl- 
 vania. At Tioga, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, he married 
 Margaret Miller. About the year 1810, he moved to St. Clair 
 county, and settled first a short distance west of Shiloh, and after- 
 ward moved to a location east of that place. He was killed in the 
 year 1822 by lightning, while walking behind a wagon during a 
 thunder storm. The blade of a knife which at that time he held in 
 liis hand was completely melted away. 
 
 William Muore took part in the Winnebago war and the Black 
 Hawk war. He was cai)tain of a company raised in St. Clair 
 county. For several years he served as county commissioner. He 
 also filled the office of county surveyor, and for two years was asses- 
 sor of the county. He represented St. Clair county in the legi^la- 
 ture two terms He was a member of the Methodist Church and a 
 local preacher in that denomination. His death occurred in the 
 year 1849. 
 
 Eisdon A. Moore, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, 
 was the second of a family of nine children, and the oldest son. 
 Seven of these children, four sons and three daughters, are now 
 living. He was raised east of Belleville, in the neighborhood in 
 which his father settled. His education was obtained in the sub- 
 scription schools, which then oflfered the only educational opportuni- 
 ties. These schools were usually held three months during the 
 winter season in log school-houses. Slabs were used for benches, 
 and the floors were made of puncheons. Greased paper pasted over 
 an aperture in the side of the building, made by leaving out a log, 
 furnished the only excuse for a window. St. Louis, in his boyhood, 
 was a place of comparatively small size and importance, resembling a 
 village in its size and proportions. Mr. Moore frequently hauled corn 
 there, for which he was paid ten cents a bushel. His father was a 
 blacksmith, and before his marriage, Mr. Moore's time was mostly 
 employed in the blacksmith shop. His first marriage took place on 
 th6 26th of November, 1835, to Ann Middlecofi", who was born on 
 Ihe 6th of August, 1818. Her father, John Middlecofl'', emigrated 
 from Virginia to Illinois in 1818 After his marriage he settled on 
 his present farm in Section 19, of township 1 north, range 7 west. 
 His place was at that time unimproved. Where his dwelling-house 
 now stands was a thicket of. hazel brush. He cleared a farm, of 
 
 His 
 
 which he has been the owner ever since, now forty-six years, 
 first wife died on the twenty-fifth of November, 1843. 
 
 In the spring of 1845, he joined Gen Fremont on his exploring 
 expedition to California. He was under the army regulations, 
 though not regularly enlisted as a soldier. He marched overland 
 with Fremont by way of the present town of Pueblo, Colorado ; 
 thence up the Arkansas river ; across the Rocky mountains, and so 
 on to the Pacific coast by Salt Lake, at which the Mormons had not 
 at that time, yet made a settlement. On this journey the expedi- 
 tion experienced considerable privation. From Salt Lake to 
 California game was scant, and the men were compelled to live on 
 the flesh of mules and anything that could be found to satisfy 
 their hunger. He was in California in 1846, on the breaking out 
 of the Mexican war. When the Spaniards ordered the Americans 
 to leave the country, he, with the other Americans, gathered at 
 Sonoma, and raised a flag on which was a lone star and a grizzly 
 bear. On the arrival of Commodore Stockton, who hoisted the 
 American flag at Monterey, he, with Fremont, joined Stockton. 
 Here his knowledge of blacksmitbing came into play. The re- 
 sources of the American troops were limited, and Mr. Moore 
 mounted the eight guns which composed the entire American artil- 
 lery. For this work he has not yet received his whole pay, though 
 he held vouchers signed by both the quarter-master and Gen. Fre- 
 mont. He held two vouchers ; and the commissioners to settle the 
 accounts incurred by the army in California held, though unjustly, 
 that when the latter voucher was given, the first was merged into 
 it, and that only the latter could be paid. 
 
 He returned home by a more northern route, by way of Fort Hall 
 and Fort Laramie. The winter after his return, that of 1847-8, he 
 spent at Washington, where he was a witness in the trial by court- 
 martial of Gen. Fremont, against whom charges had been preferred 
 by Gen. Kearney. While there, on the 16th of March, 1848, his 
 second marriage took place, to Sarah Ann Duncan, daughter of 
 William Duncan. In the spring of 1848, he returned to his farm 
 in St. Clair county. His second wife died on the 14th of February, 
 1856. 
 
 He was married. again on the 30th of November, 1856, to Sarah 
 Ann Wilderman, who is a native of St. Clair county, and was born 
 two miles north of Freeburg, on the 1st day of February, 1821. 
 Her parents were Dorsey and Phoebe Wilderman. Her mother 
 was a daughter of Joseph Carr, who emigrated from Virginia to 
 Illinois about the year 1797. He had been a soldier in the Revolu- 
 tionary wa.r. He first came to Kaskaskia, and then settled at New 
 Design, in the present county of Monroe, and was there during the 
 great sickness which in one summer carried off" half the entire popu- 
 lation. He lost two children at New Design. About the year 
 1802, he settled at Turkey Hill. George Wilderman, Mrs. Moore's 
 grandfather, was born in Maryland, was married in that state, and 
 then moved to Pennsylvania, and came to Illinois in 1806 or 1807. 
 His wife was named Patience Dorsey. 
 
 From 1871 to 1873, Mr. Moore resided in Boone county, Mis- 
 souri, but becoming convinced that there was no place like Illinois, 
 he returned to his native county. For a few years he. resided in 
 Belleville, and in February, 1880, moved back to the old farm 
 where he now resides. By his first marriage he had four children : 
 Nancy M., Margaret Ann, John M., and Emily A., all deceased 
 except the first. Nancy M. married Samuel B. Scott, and now lives 
 in Crawford county, Kansas. By his second marriage he had four 
 children : Martha, William D., Helen and Charles D., of whom the 
 latter two are living. Helen, now Mrs. William Alexander, resides 
 in Monroe county, Missouri, and Charles D. still has his home with 
 his father. He has one child, Sarah Ann, by his last marriage. 
 
HISTOBY OF 8T. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 211 
 
 Mr. Moore is a gentleman of enterprise, and has carried on agricul- 
 tute in an intelligent and practical manner, and has always sought 
 to take advantage of the most improved methods of farming, and to 
 bring his land to a high state of cultivation. He early directed his 
 attention to under-draining, and demonstrated the great utility of that 
 system. He was the first in the county to begin to raise potatoes 
 under straw^-a custom which is now universally followed. His 
 home farm consists of three hundred and thirteen acres. He owns 
 a fine farm of one hundred and sixty seven acres east of Lebanon, 
 and is the owner beside of fifty acres of timber, and a quarter sec- 
 tion of land in Crawford county, Kansas. In his political opinions 
 he was first a Whig, and cast his first vote for President for Gen. 
 Harrison in 1840. Since the dissolution of the Whig party he has 
 been a Democrat. In 1857, he was president of the St. Clair 
 county agricultural society. He became connected with the Bap- 
 tist church in 1 866. Through the many long years he has resided 
 in St. Clair county, he has sustained the reputation of a useful 
 citizen and_a valuable member of the community. 
 
 JAMES WAUGH 
 
 Is one of the prominent business men of Belleville, and stands at 
 the head of the leading manufacturing establishment in St. Clair 
 county. He was born in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, and is of 
 Scotch ancestry on the paternal side. His father, William Waugh, 
 was a farmer and land-owner, and possessed of considerable means. 
 He married Jane Crowl, a native of the county above-mentioned. 
 By that union there were ten children ; James Waugh is the eldest. 
 He was born February 12, 1817. He was reared in the family of 
 his uncle, where he received private instruction and tuition. In 
 1833 he left Ireland and emigrated to America, landing in New 
 York in July of the same year. He went to Philadelphia, where 
 he remained three years. During that time he was employed as a 
 clerk in the dry goods business. In 1836 he came west to St. Louis, 
 and engaged as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of Isaac 
 Burnett & Co. He remained with that firm until 1841, when he 
 embarked in business for himself in the same line, and continued 
 until 1845, at which time he retired from active pursuits until 
 1850, when he received the appointment of .assistant-auditor and 
 book-keeper in the auditor's oflBce of St. Louis. He continued in 
 this capacity until 1856, when he was elected auditor. He retired 
 from the oflSce in 1858, at the expiration of his term. He then 
 purchased a flouring mill in St. Louis, and operated it until the 
 close of 1859. From that date until 1868 he was engaged in general 
 trading and management of his private business. In 1868 he pur- 
 chased the Bogy nail mills, and operated them until 1869, when he 
 came to Belleville, Illinois, and here formed a corporation and re- 
 moved the works and machinery to this place. Here he made 
 large additions to the machinery, and also added various improve- 
 ments. The corporation was known as the Belleville Nail Mill 
 Company, of which Mr. Waugh was elected president. He re- 
 mained as the principal officer of the company until 1873, when he 
 was succeeded by C. Bormann, who conducted the management 
 until 1876,* when the company failed. The works were sold, and 
 purchased by the bondholders, and the company reformed under 
 the name and title of the Belleville Nail Co. Mr. Waugh was again 
 elected president, and has continued in that capacity to the present 
 time. 
 
 The company has also remained substantially the same with the 
 exception of a few slight changes. The nail works is the largest 
 
 manufacturing establishment in the county. They have a capacity 
 for manufacturing 120,000 kegs of nails annually, and employ an 
 average daily force of two hundred men. To operate these vast 
 works successfully, requires large capital, administrative ability, 
 and good business management. 
 
 • On the 7th of December, 1843, Mr. Waugh was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Emily L. Papin, a native of St. Louis and a descend- 
 ant of an old and influential French family, who were among the 
 first settlers of St. Louis. She died in 1849. By this marriage there 
 are three sons. The eldest, James C, is one of Belleville's enter- 
 prising business men. He is largely engaged in the grocery and 
 provision trade, and is also secretary of the Nail Mill Company. 
 William is a graduate in medicine, and is at present prac;ising his 
 profession in Minnesota. Robert F , the youngest son, is engaged 
 in the manufacturing of kegs, and assistant-manager with his father 
 in the nail mill ; he is also treasurer of the company. Politically, 
 Mr. Waugh was originally an old line. whig and frce-soiler. He 
 was elected auditor in 1856 on the first free-soil ticket ever run in 
 the State of Missouri. In 1860 he joined the democratic party, and 
 voted for Stephen A. Douglas for President, since which time he 
 has acted with that organization. He, however, is not entirely in 
 harmony with its principles and traditions, as he is a believer and 
 advocate of protection for home manufactures. In the matter of 
 religion, he comes from the old Presbyterian stock, and was reared 
 in that religious belief; but of late years he is inclined to liberal- 
 ism. Since his residence in Belleville, Mr. Waugh has done much 
 to build up the to'wn, particularly its manufacturing interests, and 
 add to its material wealth, and is regarded by all as an enterpris- 
 ing and useful citizen. 
 
 HENRY HUHN, 
 
 Editor of Der Stern, was born at Landau, in the Palatinate, Ger- 
 many, on March 3d, 1830. In his youth he received a common 
 school education, and learned the trade of book-binding. In the 
 years 1848-49 he participated in the republican uprising of the 
 people in southern Germany against the royal power, and in conse- 
 quence thereof came to the United States in the summer of 1849. 
 Landing in New York, without any means, he was compelled to 
 remain in the great metropolis, where he soon became connected 
 with the German press. In 1851 he visi'ed his native country, 
 from whence he returned to the U. S. in 1852, landing at New Or- 
 leans, and from there he came to St. Louis. In 1853 he married, 
 and first came to Belleville in 1854. He afterward removed to 
 Chicago, and from there to Cincinnati, and at the outbreak of the 
 war he entered the service of the U. S., as a private soldier. After- 
 wards he was promoted to an ofiicership and appoint d regimental 
 adjutant. He was taken prisoner by the rebel forces shortly before 
 the battle of Stone River, and afterward resigned his commission. 
 He then came to St. Louis, and took a position on the editorial 
 stafi" of the Westliche Post. In 1864 he re-entered the service of the 
 U. S. as adjutant of the 41st Mo. regiment, and when the war was 
 over he removed to Washington, Mo , where he started the Wash- 
 ington Freie Presse In 1866 he was elected a member of the legis- 
 lature of the state of Missouri. In 1868 he came back to Belle- 
 ville, and took the editorial management of the Stem des Westens, 
 which he held until 1872, when the paper was sold to Mr. F. E. 
 Scheel. In 1871 he was appointed deputy collector of the United 
 States, which position he held till 1876. In 1878 he took control 
 of the editorial department of the Stern, which he still holds. 
 
212 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 ,J ^^iO^-^^.^.-^.^ 
 
 Is a native of St. Clair county, Illinois, born February 9th, 
 184 i. His father, John Halbert, was a native of Virginia, and of 
 English ancestry. He emigrated west at an early day, and settled 
 in St. Clair county, where he followed farming, teaching school, 
 and subsequently engaged in merchandising, in which business he 
 was engaged at the time of his death. He fell a victim to the 
 cholera in 1849. He married Clarissa, daughter of Jacob and 
 Nancy (Cox) Carr. Jacob was the son of Joseph Carr, who was a 
 native of Virginia, but left that state and settled in what is now 
 St. Clair county as early as 1793. The subject of this sketch is 
 the only offspring of the union of John aud Clarissa Halbert. His 
 mother died in 1841, soon after his birth. He was taken into the 
 home and reared by his maternal grandparents. He received a 
 fair English education in the .schools of his neighborhood. At the 
 age of sixteen he entered McKendrec College, at Lebanon, Illinois, 
 and remained there three years; then left and entered tlu^ Minois 
 College, at Jacksonville, and there completed his education, and 
 graduated from that institution in 1861. After his return from 
 school he engaged in teaching, taught six months, then enlisted as 
 a private for three years. Upon the organization of the 117th 
 regiment Illinois Volunteers, he was elected captain of company 
 " H," a position he held during his entire term of service. The 
 regiment, of which he was a member was, for the greater jtortion 
 of the time a part of the 16th Army Corps, under command of 
 Major General A. J. Smith, and participated in many of the bat- 
 tles in which the corps was engaged. The regiment also formed a 
 part of the command under General Banks, and was in the dis- 
 astrous Red liiver campaign, also in what is known as the 
 "Meridian Kaid;" afterwards assisted in the capture of Mobile, 
 the reduction of Fort Blakley and Spanish Forts. At the close 
 
 of the war he was mustered out of the service the date of which 
 was August 5th, 1865. After his return to Belleville he entered 
 the law office of Hon. W. H. Underwood, and commenced reading 
 law. At the fall term (1866) of the Supreme Court held at 
 Ottawa, Illinois, he applied for admission to the bar. He passed a 
 creditable examination and was admitted. He commenced the 
 practice in Belleville, and has continued here to the present. In 
 1868 he was nominated by the Republican party for the office of 
 State's Attorney for the Judicial District, which was composed of 
 the counties of St. Clair, Bond and Madison ; and in November of 
 the same year was elected. He held the office for four years, aud 
 retired, in 1872, at the end of his term, having earned the reputa- 
 tion of an able, efficient and vigilant public prosecutor. In 1875, 
 after the death of Judge Underwood, Captain Halbert formed a 
 partnership with C. F. Noetling, Underwood's law partner, and to- 
 gether they have continued the practice to the present time. They 
 have a very large and lucrative business, and as lawyers take front 
 rank at the bar of St. Clair county. As a lawyer, Capt. Halbert 
 is rewigni'/.ed as possessing a clear, logical mind. In the courts of 
 this and surrounding counties he has secured for himself a most 
 excellent and enviable reputation as a sound lawyer. His practice 
 while State's Attorney was confined to the criminal, but afterwards 
 embraced all branches of the law, both before the courts of the 
 county and in the intricate litigation before the Supreme aud 
 Federal courts. Before all these courts he has proven himself a 
 man of sound legal learning, successful in the management of his 
 cases, ready in resources, possessing much tact, and especially able 
 m the presentation of a case to tlie court and j ury. He has earned 
 the well-merited reputation of being one of the most successful 
 lawyers m this Judicial District. Politically Captain Halbert is a 
 

 
 /9^s/D^A/c^ ^r R. A. H ALBERT. Belleville. Illinois. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 213 
 
 stauch Republican, and most soundly indoctrinated in the princi- 
 ples of that political organization. His first vote was cast for 
 Abraham Lincoln for president in 1864, and from that time to the 
 present he has not swerved from his allegiance to the party of his 
 first choice. 
 
 On the 4th of April, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Emma L. Underwood, of Belleville. Her father, Judge W H. 
 Underwood, was a native of Schoharie county, New york, and was 
 born in 1818, and came west to Belleville in 1840. He became 
 prominent in the profession of law, ably filled the offices of Stat^ 's 
 Attorney, Judge of the Circuit Court, and represented St. Clair 
 county in the State Legislature, and two terms in the Senate, and 
 was also a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1869. He 
 was a man of marked ability, and his reputation as a lawyer was 
 known throughout the Sute. He married Miss M. E. Smith, in 
 1841, and died September 23d, 1875. 
 
 By the union of Captain Halbert and Emma L. Underwood 
 there are three children. His estimable wife is a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Captain Halbert, in his manners, is a plain, unassuming gentle- 
 man, of fine social qualities, broad, liberal views, and most generous 
 impulses. 
 
 DR. LYMAN P. STOOKEY. 
 
 The Stookey family is an old one in the history of St. Clair 
 county. Daniel Stookey, the grandfather of the subject of this 
 sketch, was a native of Virginia. He removed with his family to 
 the territory of Illinois in 1805, and settled near Belleville in St. 
 Clair county, and there remained until his death. He married 
 Barbara "Whetstone, who was also a native of Virginia. Of this 
 union was Moses Stookey, the father of Dr Stookey. He was born 
 in Virginia in January of 1789. He grew to manhood in St. Clair 
 county, and died in 1857, on the farm were his father settled in 
 1805. He married Elizabeth ' Anderson, who was a native of 
 Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and was born in 1807. Her parents 
 came to St. Clair county, Illinois, in 1812. Her marriage took 
 place in 1824, and her death occurred March 9th, 1869. By 
 this union there were eleven children. Four sons and three 
 daughters have survived the parents. Lyman P. is the youngest 
 of the family. He was born in St. Clair county, Feb I3th, 1846. 
 
 He was reared upon the farm, and attended the district schools, 
 where he prepared himself for entrance to Shurtlefl^ College at 
 Upper Alton ; here he spsnt two years, after which he returne.l 
 home and commenced the study of medicine. After careful read- 
 iug and several years of study, he went to St. Louis and entered 
 the Medical College, and took one full term. His health failing, 
 he was compelled to suspend his studies, which he took up again 
 in 1869. In the tall of the same year, he for the second time en- 
 tered the St. Louis Medical College, completing the course, and 
 graduating from that institution with the degree of M D. Imme- 
 diately thereafter he commenced the practice in Belleville, where 
 he has continued to the present time. In the practice of medicine 
 Dr. Stookey has been eminently successful, and is in the possession of 
 a large and lucrative business. He belongs to the progressive 
 school of medicine, and keeps fully posted and abreast with the 
 many new discoveries that are constantly being made in medical 
 science. He is an active member of the State Medical, Southern 
 Illinois, and St. Clair County Medical Societies. 
 
 Oil the 25th of October, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 A. M. L. Brumbaugh, of Bedford county, Pennsylvania. The 
 marriage has been blessed with three children, one of whom is 
 living, who is named Lyman B. Stookey, now in his third year. 
 Dr. Stookey is a member of the Baptist Church, and his wife was 
 reared in the faith of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. 
 
 He is also a member of the ancient order of Freemas )nry, and 
 belongs to St. Clair Lodge, No. 24, of BdUeville, Illinois. Some 
 years ago he became a member of the I. O. O. F., and in that order 
 has passed the different Chairs, as Past Grand, and also Past Grand 
 Patriarch in the Encampment. Politically, he is a democrat. He 
 simply votes and exercises his rights as a citizen, and further takes 
 no active part in politics. 
 
 Few young men in the profession of medicine have attained the 
 reputation and large practice now enjoyed by Dr. Scookey, which 
 is in part attributable to his success in the treatment of diseases 
 incident to this climate and locality ; and secondly, to the close 
 attention which he gives to his business. Genuine love for the pro- 
 fession makes him a student, united with which, is industrious 
 habits. The union of both are necessary to make the successful 
 practitioner. In 1879 he opened a drug store in connection with 
 his practice. His object was to have pure drugs, and that he might 
 have his own prescriptions carefully compounded and prepared. 
 Dr. Stookey is of pleasing and easy address conversational powers. 
 
214 
 
 lUSTOEY OF ST. CLAIR COVNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The pi-eseiit county clcl'k of St. ('lair counly is a native nf l'ia,i;uc, 
 Bohemia, Austria, born Se]it. 1st, 1^39. His pari'uts eniii^rated to 
 America in 1850, and first settled in Ohio. Louis ( !. was educated 
 in the .schools of his native country and (Jhio. Ho rea<l niedieim^ and 
 graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and iSurgery, 
 and in 1861 came west to St, Chiir C(junty, Illinois, aud couimenced 
 the practice, in which he continued until December, 1860, when 
 failing health compelled him to abandon the })rofession. Jletlien 
 entered the county clerk's office as deputy, and remained in that 
 position until 1873, when he was elected county clerk. In 1877 he 
 became his own successor, and at present is discharging the duties 
 therein imposed in a manner alike creditable to himself and those 
 who honored him with their suffrages. In 1880 he was honored by 
 being nominated for the office of State auditor, by tlie Democratic 
 State Convention, but suffered defeat witli the balance of the ticket. 
 He is active and prominent in Masonic circles. He belongs to all 
 
 tlu' orders of Masonry, including Ancient Ilite iMasonry. He has 
 been J'^niinent-Commander of Tancred Conimandery N.). 50, sta- 
 tioncl at Itclleville, since its organization. Politically he is a sound 
 <l^''-iocrat. On the 18th of January, 1859, he was united in mar- 
 nage to M,ss Anna Br,yant of Fayette county, Ohio. By this union 
 there are hve cluldren living-all sons, and all of whom are yet be- 
 neath the jiarental roof 
 
 Socially Dr.Starkel possesses .|nalities of a high order. Liberally 
 educated, a fine conversationalist, of polite and agreeable manners, 
 he ,s the bie of the social circle. Moreover, he is a gentlen.an of 
 nio.t generous nnpulses, sanguine in ten.peran.ent; whole souled and 
 op.n.heartec, he attracts and secures confidence at first sight. 
 Coupled w.th these traits of character his integrity and worth as a 
 
 . U^e won for h,m the respect of the good people of his com- 
 
,jMk wi 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 2L5 
 
 JAMES L. PERKYMAN, A.M., M.D. 
 
 The Ferryman family are of English ancestry on the paternal 
 side, and German on the maternal. Three brothers, named James, 
 John and David Ferryman came with Leonard Calvert, brother of 
 Lord Baltimore, to America in 1632, and formed the colony of 
 Maryland. One of these brothers was secretary to Calvert, another 
 became a member of the Colooial Parliament, and the third was en- 
 gaged in Indian wars on the frontier. 
 
 From these three brothers have sprung the present Ferryman 
 family in this country. The great-grandfather of our subject held 
 an appointment under the authority of the king of Englaud that 
 required his residence in the colonies lying along the coast of the 
 Atlantic Ocean, which took him into the Caroliuas. There is no posi- 
 tive knowledge as to what kind of an appointment it was, but it is 
 sufficient that it was one requiring courage, knowledge of the country 
 and wants of the people over whom he was called to preside as their 
 executive officer and military protector. While a resident of the 
 Carolinas his son, James E. Ferryman, was born. He was bred to 
 martial life in the camp under the instructions of his father. At 
 the breaking out of the Revolutionary war he espoused the patriot 
 cause, entered the service, and rose to the rank of Colonel. He was 
 connected with the army under the command of General Wayne, 
 and participated with that gallant hero in the hard-fought and his- 
 toric battles of Saratoga, Germantown and Brandy wine. 
 
 Aftt r the close of the war he removed to Tennessee and settled 
 in Claiborne county. He there married Nancy Condray, by whom 
 he had a large family. Charles Mattison Ferryman, one of the 
 sons, and father of the subject of this sketch, was born in the above 
 named county and state in 1809, and there grew to manhood and 
 married. In 1832 he came north to Illinois and settled^ near Leb- 
 anon, St. Clair county. He afterwards returned to.j Tennessee, 
 then came back to this county and removed to Jefferson City, 
 Mo., again returned here, where he remained uutil his death 
 which occurred in 1851. He was a man of naturally fine tastes 
 and considerable culture. In the use of choice language he was an 
 adept and superior to most men. The ability to talk well or write 
 well is a trait characteristic of the Ferryman family. Many of 
 ihem have attained distinction in the form and in the general do- 
 main of oratory. 
 
 While yet a resident of Tennessee, and on September 1st, 1829, 
 he married Miss Louisa J. Collingsworth. She « as born January 
 9th, 1814, in the same county and state, and yet survives her hus- 
 band, and is, at present, a resident with her son, the subject of this 
 sketch. Her father was also a soldier of the Revolution. By this 
 marriage there were four children, all sons, of whom Dr. Ferry- 
 man is the eldest and sole survivor. The second son was named 
 Frederick A. He died in his fifteenth year. Bluford Hamilton 
 was the name of the third. He was born in St. Clair county, No- 
 vember 1st, 1835, and was educated for the profession of medicine, 
 and was a graduate of the medical school of St. Louis. He mar- 
 ried Miss Sarah Holmes, of Galena, 111., by whom he had two 
 children, named Ida, who died in her nineteenth year, and Ham- 
 ma, who was reared by Dr. Ferryman, and is yet an inmate of his 
 home. 
 
 Bluford H. Ferryman died March 5th, 1860. Horace M. was 
 the youngest son. He was born in Jefferson City, Mo., February 
 6th, 1838, and died September 20th, 1870. He was also educated 
 by his eldest brother for the profession of medicine, and, in early 
 life, gave evidence and promise of a brilliant career in the profes- 
 sion. He graduated with honors and entered upon his practice 
 with great hopes of achieving success, and leaving the impress of his 
 
 knowledge and skill upon the science of msdicine. But " mau 
 proposes and God disposes." While yet in the full flush of man- 
 hood, vigor and strength, he was cut down and laid away in the 
 silent chambers of death In his early demise the profession lost 
 one of its brightest memberi. He married Miss Mary Belcher, a 
 native of St. Clair county. She was an amiable and superior 
 woman. She died January 1st, 1863. By this marriage there 
 was a son and daughter, Edgar and Stella Ferryman. After 
 the death of his first wife, he married Miss Mary Tertlington, by 
 whom he had one son, named Jerome. The children of his first wife 
 have also been reared by Dr. James L. Ferryman and his estimable 
 wife, who have lavished on them all the affection of parents. 
 
 James L. Ferryman, whose name heads this sketch, was born in 
 Claiborne county, Tenn., April 11th, 1831. He was yet in his in- 
 fancy when his father removed to Illinois. His boyhood days were 
 spent upon the farm and in the schools of his neighborhood, where 
 he learned the rudimentary principles and received a fair English 
 education,', He soon passed the limits of a common school instruc- 
 tion, and, in his sixteenth year, entered McKendree College, taking 
 the full course. He remained there until his graduation, four years 
 later. He had, previous to his entering college, determined to adopt 
 the profession of medicine as the business of his life, and, with 
 that idea in' view, became an ardent and enthusiastic student of 
 books and literature, that led him in the direction of that science. 
 After his graduation, in 1849, he entered the office of Drs. W. W. 
 & J. A. Roman, of Belleville, and, under their direction, pursued 
 his stadies uatil he had made sufficient progress to enter the Medi- 
 cal Ddpartment of the University of Missouri, where he took two 
 full courses and graduated with the degree of M.D. He returned 
 to the county and commenced the practice at Freeburg, where he 
 remained for several years, then returned to St. Louis and entered 
 the St. Lou^ JVIedical College and was graduated therefrom. At a 
 later date, he attended lectures on medicine and surgery in Jeffer- 
 son College, Fhiladelphia. From there he went to the College of 
 Fhysicians and Surgeons in New York, and attended lectures for 
 one term. His intention was to qualify himself for instructor in 
 medicine in the University of Missouri, but the premature death of 
 his father, whereby the cares of the family and their maintenance 
 depended mainly upon him, disarranged his plans and prevented 
 him from carrying out long-cherished designs. He took charge of 
 the family, educated his brothers, prepared them for the profession 
 and provided for their wants uutil they became self-supporting. 
 This trying ordeal was attended with difficulties and embarrass- 
 ments that would have broken down and discouraged many stronger 
 men, but he had the courage and the will-power, and he struggled 
 through, never uttering a complaint, steadily gaining in practice, 
 and at last emerged from under the load, a strong man, with full 
 confidence in his strength and ability to overcome any and all ob- 
 stacles obstructing life's pathway. 
 
 In the profession of medicine. Dr. Ferryman belongs to the pro- 
 gressive school, as is attested by his active membership in the State 
 Medical, St. Clair County, and Southern Illinois Medical Societies 
 which are organized for the advancement of the science. 
 
 Folitically, he is a member of the dmocratic party, but seeks 
 no office, nor takes further part than to express his sentiments through 
 the right of the ballot. Sometimes, during exciting national cam- 
 paigns, he gives expression to his sentiments from the hustings, 
 where his voice is heard admonishing his friends, and pointing out 
 the way that leads to national welfare, and the success of the politi- 
 cal organization of which he is a member. On such occasions, the 
 gift of oratory, bequeathed to so many of the family, does not de- 
 sert him. 
 
216 
 
 HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 On the 20th of September, 1858, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Virginia, daughter, and only survivor, of Kichard A. Bradsby, 
 an old and prominent settler of this county. Her parents were 
 natives of Kentucky. Her grandfather, William Bradsby, and his 
 brother, were soldiers of the revolution, and went from Virginia, 
 their native State, to join Washington's command. After the war 
 they emigrated to Kentucky with Daniel Boone, and took part with 
 him in the tragic events occurring on the " dark and bloody 
 ground." The family of Bradsbys emigrated to Illinois in 1804. 
 Bichard Bradsby here accumulated large possessions and held 
 honorable and responsible positions. He died September 5th, 
 1875. 
 
 In his manners. Dr. Ferryman is an urbane, pleasant and agree- 
 able gentleman, possessed of fine conversational powers and a mind 
 well stored with information upon history, literature and the cur- 
 rent topics of the day. He is a pleasing talker and a companionable 
 and entertaining friend. 
 
 WILLIAM WINKELMAN. 
 
 Among the prominent attorneys who have achieved success is 
 Mr. Winkelman. He was born in Destel, Prussia, February 28, 
 1829. He is the son of Christian and Wilhelmiua Winkelman. 
 His father was a practicing lawyer and a large property holder, and 
 consequently a man of much prominence in his country. William 
 is the second child in a family of ten children, of whom four are 
 now living. One sister and brother yet remain in their native land, 
 and one sister — now a widow — is a resident of Clinton county. 111. 
 Mr. Winkelman's education was received in the public schools ; he 
 also had fine opportunities of receiving an academic and university 
 training, but he was of such a disposition that he could not submit 
 to the dull and irksome routine of school-life. His knowledge, 
 therefore, is not from books, but rather from actual experience and 
 contact with the world. On the 25th of April, 1849, he left his na- 
 tive country and emigrated to America, coming direct to St. Louis, 
 where he arrived July 2d following, without money, relations, or 
 friends to apply to for help or assistance. He was a complete 
 stranger in the city. He realized for the first time in his life that 
 henceforth his success in life must depend upon himself. He looked 
 around, and soon found work at teaming, for which he received $10 
 per month and board. He continued the occupation of teamster for 
 six months, when his employer failed, and was unable to pay his 
 employees. He next hired to drive a team at a saw mill in St. 
 Louis, for which he received $25 per month. He remained at that 
 place for eighteen mouths, when the men and teams were removed 
 to Jefierson county. Mo. There he continued the san)e occupation. 
 At the end of six mouths he bought a wagon and team, and hauled 
 iron ore from the Filot Knob and Iron Moun ains to St Genevieve, 
 a distance of twenty-five miles. After two years of tliis kind of la- 
 bor he sold his wagon and traded his horses for a saloon in Cale- 
 donia, Washington county. Mo. While in the latter place he be- 
 came acquainted with Miss Elizabeth Hanger, an American lady, 
 to whom he was married on the 7th of I^ovemher, 1855, at the 
 house of Judge Ferryman, in the s-ame county. The next day Mr. 
 W. and his wife Uft for Illinois, and the lollowiiig day landed in 
 
 Monroe city, in Monroe county. There Mr. Winkelman opened a 
 saloon, and carried it on with great success for two years. During 
 this time he got hold of text books on law, and he concluded to 
 study for the profession of law. He first purchased a dictionary 
 and "Walker's American Law," and next "Haines' Treatise." 
 His wife and the dictionary were frequently consulted with refer- 
 ence to the definition of words and their proper pronunciation, the 
 latter being the most diflBcult thing for him to master. After he 
 had obtained a fair knowledge of law, he commenced the practice 
 before justices' courts, and was quite successful. While attending 
 court in Waterloo, in September of 1862, he made application to 
 Judge W. H. Underwood, a prominent attorney of Belleville, to 
 read law in his oflice. His wishes were gratified, and one week 
 later he had read Blackstone's Commentaries through In Septem- 
 ber following he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of 
 the state. From the first outstart he had a paying business. The 
 first year his fees amounted to $1,500. His practice increased from 
 year to year. In 1868 he came in contact with the court — Judge 
 Gillespie presiding. Mr. Winkelman at once promptly removed 
 his case to the Supreme Court, and emerged from that tribunal of 
 justice victorious. By this time the better class of citizens became 
 fully acquainted with his merits, and, finding him deserving of their 
 support, were not slow to put him in possession of their legal busi- 
 ness. The result was his business increased, and his practice real- 
 ized him from $8,000 to $10,000 per year. That practice he to a 
 large exient retains, but of late years a great deal of his time is 
 given to the management of his farm lands and city property. In 
 the former he has invested largely in the last few years. He is now 
 the owner of 4,600 acres of land, divided into twenty farms, all 
 highly improved. They are located in the counties of St. Clair, 
 Clinton, and Monroe. From these lands and city property he real- 
 izes from rents about $15,000 annually. The whole value will ag- 
 gregate $200,000. Politically he has always acted and voted with 
 the democratic party. Sometimes during the heated campaigns he 
 has addressed his fellow-citizens from the rostrum. His speeches, 
 we are told, are replete with good sense, and show a thorough know- 
 ledge of the political questions of the day. He is gifted with ora- 
 tory, and whether in the hustings or on the forum, he commands 
 the attention of his audience by his earnestness, logical statements, 
 and fonible delivery. As a lawyer he is well read. In many of 
 the criminal cases of importance, in this judicial district, he is re- 
 tained for the defence, and very rarely fails to secure an acquittal 
 for his client. He is aggressive, which sometimes subjects him to 
 censure, as the following colloquy will show: The judge being 
 troubled, and somewhat out of humor, remarked, " Mr. Winkle- 
 man, you cause me more trouble than any other lawyer at the bar." 
 Mr. W. coolly replied, looking up at the judge, " May it please your 
 honor, I have more business than any other lawyer at the bar." 
 The judge smiled, and the business proceeded as usual. 
 
 The secret of Mr. Winkleman's success has been his self-reliant 
 powers, industry, and indomitable will. Trained in the hard, rough 
 school of adversity, he learned early to depend on himself. Few 
 men have succeeded as he has. Self-educated, he mastered the pn - 
 fes^ion, and lose side by side with those who had enjoyed early and 
 thorough training in the best schools of the country, and he is now 
 recognized as an able and successful lawyer. Success is the world's 
 measure of a man. The world has no use for unsuccessful men. 
 
fffli«=«i!!Miiii{if 
 
 ffii; 
 
 
 The OLD ST 00 KEY HOMESTEAD is Represented by theLower Picture, as it Appeared Forty Years Ago. The House Was 
 Built in 1802. The Views in The Upper Corners ShowsThe Remains of The Old Building As it Now Stan os. 
 
 '■"liS^^'^^'^'r^ 
 
 
 Business Block or P.H.APPEL, B£llevill£ St.Clair Co., Ill 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR fjnlJ^^TY, ILLIKOIS. 
 
 The West family of St. Clair county are among the oldest 
 American settlers and early pioneers of Illin(Ms. They are of Eng- 
 lis-h ancestry, and came with Leonard Calvert, brother of Lord 
 Baltimore, in 1632, and formed the tirst settlement of Maryland. 
 John West, the great-great-grandfather, lived and died in Mary- 
 land. His son, Benjamin, removed to Virginia at a date prior to 
 the revolution, and during that memorable struggle served upon 
 the staff of General AVashington. The family remained in Virginia 
 nntil 1818, when they came west to the territory of Illinois, and 
 settled in St. Clair county. Washington West, the grandfather of 
 the subject of this sketch, was born in Maryland, and, while in his 
 infancy, the family removed to Virginia. He married Frances 
 Mitchell, of Virginia. By this marriage there were three children 
 — two sons and one daughter. Benjamin Hillerary West, the father 
 of Dr. West, was born in Virginia in IS 17, aiid was but one year 
 old when the family came to Illinois. He married Miss Maria 
 Catherine Hiel, a native of King and Queen's county, Virginia. 
 She was born in 1824. Both jMrents are still living, and residents 
 of this county. By this union there was a large family — eleven 
 children, yet living — all of whom have reached the age of maturity. 
 Washingt(;n West is the third son, and fourth in the family. He 
 was born near Belleville, St. Clair county, Illinois, February 9th, 
 1847. He was raised uj)on the farm, and received his primary 
 education in the public schools of Belleville. At the age of seven- 
 teen he entered the city university of St. Louis, and remained there 
 two years after which he entered the office of Dr. James L. Perry- 
 man, of Belleville, Illinois, and commenced the study of medicine. 
 ' 28 
 
 He prosecuted his studies diligently, and soon prepared himself for 
 entrance to the St. Louis Medical College, in which inttituti.m he 
 took two full courses, graduating in 1868 with the degree of M D. 
 He began the practice in Belleville, but .-oon after received tlie ap- 
 pointment of assistant Surgeon in the United States army, and \Aa3 
 assigned to active duty on the staff of Cnn. William E. Harney, 
 then stationed at the Cheyenne River Agency, in Dakota Ten itoiy. 
 He remained in the regular service two years, when he tendered his 
 resignation, which was accepted, and he returned to Belleville and 
 continued the practice. In 187G he attended lectures (clinics) in 
 the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, and 
 there received much valuable medical infonnation in the different 
 branches of the science. He is a member of the American Medical 
 Association, State Southern Illinois, and St. Clair County INIedical 
 Societies. At the last meeting of the American :Medical Associ- 
 ation, held in Richmond, Virginia, in May, 1881, he was a dele- 
 gate, and represented the Illinois State Medical Society in that 
 convention. On the 30th of June, 1870, he was united in marriage 
 to 31iss Mary Agnes Wolfe, a native of Beaver county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, but a resident of St. Louis at the time of her marriage. By 
 this union there are four children— one son and three daughters. 
 His wife is a me-mber of the Presbyterian Church- Politically, he 
 is a democrat. Dr. West takes great interest in the different secret 
 organizations, and is particularly active in Masonic circles. He 
 betongs to all the orders in ancient craft Masonry, and is a Sir 
 Knight and member of Tancred commandery No. 50, stationed at 
 Belle-ville, and is Recorder of the order. He is also a member <.if 
 
218 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the Knights of Pythias, I. 0. 0. F., and the beneficiary order of 
 Knights of Honor. In the practice of medicine Dr. West has been 
 unusually successful, and is in the possession of a large and lucrative 
 business. He is a man of fine medical attainment-*, and thoroughly 
 in love with his profession. In his manners and habits he is a dig- 
 nified gentleman, of scholarly mien, though possessing social quali- 
 ties of a high order. He is temperate, and neat in person. It is 
 with genuine pleasure that the writer of this article has the oppor- 
 tunity of paying this tribute to the character of one who stands high 
 in the estimation of the good people of Belleville and vicinity. 
 
 FRED. K. ROPIEQUET. 
 
 This gentleman was born on the Rhine, Bavaria, December 16, 
 1835. His father, Andrew Joseph Ropiequet, was a lawyer of high 
 standing, and possessed ample means. He died in 1847- Fred- 
 crick's youth was passed in the free schools of his native country, 
 and therein he was fitted for entrance to the Latia schools. At the 
 age of fourteen he entered the Polytechnical School at Kaiser- 
 lanturu, aud pursued his studies for three years, taking a full course 
 in geometry, trigonometry and the higher grades in mathematics. 
 He also studied mineralogy, geology, practical science and the sci- 
 ence of mechanism, taking the full course and graduation from that 
 school. His object was to prepare himself for entrance in the Col- 
 lege of Mining, at Freeburg, Saxony, where he proposed to further 
 pursue his studies, and fit himself for the profession of geologist 
 and mineralogist. However, before going to Freeburg, he met Mr. 
 Abend, a prominent citizen of Belleville, Illinois, who was paying 
 a visit to his old home in Germany. He gave young Ropiequet a 
 glowing account of the new world, and of the many advantages 
 there attending the industrious youth, which so impressed him that 
 he changed his rqind, gave up the plans made for entering the 
 school, and, instead, prepared for immediate emigration to America. 
 He landed in New York in December of 1862, and came direct to 
 Belleville, where, soon after, he found employment in a general 
 store as clerk. One year later he took up the profession of civil 
 engineer, and surveying under Henry Holbrook. The next year 
 he received the appointment of assistant engineer, and assisted in 
 the construction of the Alton branch of the Belleville and Illinois-' 
 town Railroad, now known as the Terre Haute, Alton and St. 
 Louis Road. He remained in the service of the company one year, 
 then returned to Belleville, where, soon after, he was appointed 
 City Engineer, and held that position for two years. He then con- 
 cluded to adopt the profession of law. He studied under George 
 Trumbull, and continued until Geo. C. Hart was elected sheriff of 
 the county. He appointed Ropiequet his deputy. After his term 
 expired he resumed surveying, and continued until E. H. Fleming 
 was elected sheriff, when he was again appointed deputy, and re- 
 mained in the office until 1862. From that date until 1864, he 
 compiled the St. Clair County Abstract Records, and sold them to 
 Chas. P. Knispel, in 1867. In 1864 he was nominated and elected 
 sheriff of St. Clair county by a majority of 1700, which was strong 
 evidence of his personal popularity. By the then existing laws he 
 could not become his own successor, and he retired from the sheriff's 
 office in 1866. In December, 1867, formed the firm of Eslert & 
 Ropiequet, founders and manufacturers of all kind of agricultural 
 implements He continued in this business until 1876. In 1875 
 he was appointed County Treasurer and Assessor, to fill the vacan- 
 cy caused by the resignation of Hon Edward Rutz. In 1877 he 
 commenced the compilation of a second set of Abstract Records, 
 
 which, when completed, he sold to Mr. Sebastian Fietsara. In 
 1879 he was elected City Treasurer, and held the office until his 
 resignation, in 1880, when he was nominated and elected sheriff of 
 the county, a position he now fills to the entire satisfaction of the 
 people who honored him with their suffrages. In addition to the 
 offices named, he has filled others of local honor and trust. In 
 1868 he was elected Mayor of the city of Belleville. He has been 
 a Republican in politics from the time of casting his first vote to 
 the present. Mr. Ropiequet is very popular with the masses, as was 
 evidenced in the late election, when he carried the county by 756 
 majority in excess of his party vote. 
 
 On the 13th of October, 1859, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Anna, daughter of Col. Hugo Wangelin, an old settler and 
 prominent citizen of Belleville. During the late war he was 
 Colonel of the 12th Regiment, Mo. Vol., and was breveted Briga- 
 dier General for gallant and meritorious conduct. Mrs. Ropiequet 
 was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1841, but was a resident of Leba- 
 non, in St. Clair county. 111., at the time of her marriage. By 
 that marriage there are eight children, three son? and five 
 daughters. 
 
 T. W. ECKERT. 
 
 The present editor and publisher of the Belleville Republican is 
 " to the manor born." His birth-place was Monroe county, Illinois, 
 and the date November 6, 1840. His father, John Eekert, was a 
 native of Pennsylvania, and emigrated west as early as 1818, and 
 settled in St. Clair county. 111. He subsequently removed to Mon- 
 roe county, where he remained until his death, in April, 1842. He 
 was twice married. His last wife, who still survives him, and, at 
 present, is a resident of Lebanon, in this county, was Arab Wil- 
 liams. She is a native of Kentucky, but was a resident of Monroe 
 county, Illinois, at the time of her marriage By this union there 
 were four children, all of whom are still living. Thomas W. is the 
 youngest of the family. He came with the family to Lebanon in 
 1853. His early educational training was received in the common 
 schools of Monroe and St. Clair counties. At the age of sixteen 
 years he entered McKendree College, at Lebanon, and spent three 
 years in further preparing himself for4;he bustle of life. After he 
 left college he engaged in mercantile pursuits, in which he continued 
 until 1863, when he took up the profession of dentistry. He prac- 
 ticed his profession in St. Louis for three years, then returned to 
 Lebanon, and continued until 1872. His health failing, he was 
 compelled to abandon the business. He concluded to try journal- 
 ism, and made his first venture in that direction by purchasing the 
 Lebanon Journal. The venture proved a reasonably profitable 
 one. He continued the paper until 1878, with the exception of 
 a short time, during th&se years, when it was in the hands of par- 
 ties who had purchased it, but failing t6 meet their obligations, it 
 fell back into Mr. Eckert's hands. In 1878 he sold out, and in 
 February following, came to Belleville and established the Belleville 
 Republican, now one of the recognized political organs of. this Con- 
 gressional District. His connection with the Republican has con- 
 tinued without interruption to the present time. Mr. Eekert is a good 
 newspaper man, because of his industry, close attention to business 
 and desire to give his patrons a good, newsy paper, and one worthy 
 of their support. The leading feature of the Republican is its local 
 columns, which are always filled with bright, crispy news and home 
 society events. That kind of management has reacted in a steadily 
 increasing patronage and wide circulation. On the 30th of May, 
 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Viola M. Calhoun, daugh- 
 
■y^r^i; ^V;a^>5i^«teJ ' ^^?l|^ta!si^ii^^ 
 
 
 ELWOOO SrOCK&POULTRY FARMJheProperty or JOSEPH E.MILLER.Scc.32,ll,N.R.8W,BeLL€viLLEPRECiNCi,2MtLEsS.W.0TBe.uE\/iuE,lLL. 
 
 Co ^i_o ^I O ^^ IK 
 
 HARVESTINtt 
 
 MACHINES 
 
 ENGINES 8. 
 
 SEPERATORS 
 
 TheAgriculturalWarchouseof CA. MONK. Belleville , Illinois. 
 
 A FULL line OF IMPROVED FARM MACHI I4ERY ALW fiYS ON HAND. 
 
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 219 
 
 ter of Dr. Calhoun, an old and prominent physician and settler of 
 the northern part of St. Clair county. By this marriage there have 
 been three children, one son and two daughters. Politically, Mr. 
 Eckert has always been, from casting his first vote, a Republican. 
 In 1874 he was appointed postmaster in Lebanon, 111 , and held the 
 position for nearly two years when he nsigned. 
 
 DR. FERDINAND RUBACH. 
 
 The subject of the following biographical sketch is a native of 
 the Province of Nassau, Germany. The date of his birth was 
 November 29, 1837. His father, Augustus W. Rubach was edu- 
 cated in the military schools and was an officer in the German 
 army. He emigrated to America in 1841, and settled in Phila- 
 delphia, where he remained two years, then came west to St. 
 Clair County, Illinois, where he engaged in farming, and subse- 
 quently in mercantile pursuits in Belleville. He died in 1871. 
 He married Miss Wilhelmina Schenck, youngest daughter of Pre- 
 sident Schenck of the Duchy of Nassau. She still survives her 
 husband, and is a resident of Belleville, and an inmate of the home 
 of her son, the subject of this sketch. By this union there were 
 two children, both sons, who lived to the age of maturity. William 
 R., the youngest son, was a soldier in the late war. He enlisted in 
 the 12th Regiment, Mo. Vols., under the first call for troops. 
 After the term of the first enlistment expired he volunteered for 
 three years' service in the same regiment, and was promoted to 
 the rank of Adjutant of the regiment. He served through the 
 war. 
 
 Ferdinand received his education in the Public Schools of 
 Belleville and by private instruction At the age of eighteen he 
 entered the ofiice of Dr. A. Hammer of St. Louis, and commenced 
 the study of medicine. After making suitable progress in his 
 studies he entered the St. Louis Medical College, taking two full 
 courses, and graduated from that institution in March, 1858, with 
 the degree of M.D. In May following he went to Germany, and 
 entered the Medical Department of the University of Wiirtzburg, 
 and pursued his studies there for eighteen months. From Wiirtz- 
 burg he went to Prague, Austria, and from there to Vienna, where 
 he received special instruction from Professor Arlt. From the 
 latter place he went to Berlin, where he studied the diseases of the 
 eye, and their remedies, under the celebrated surgeon and special- 
 ist, Professor Von Graefe. He then returned to Belleville, having 
 been absent three years, which time was employed in receiving 
 more thorough instruction in Materia Medica and Surgery, and 
 fitting him for the general practice. He commenced the practice in 
 Belleville and has continued here to the present time. Dr. Ru bach's 
 practice is large and his success as a practitioner all that could be 
 desired. He belongs to the progressive School of Medicine, and 
 readily adopts the new methods and discoveries that are constantly 
 being made in the science of medicine. He is a member of the St. 
 Clair County Medical Society. He was appointed U. S. Examin- 
 ing Surgeon in 1862, and still retains that position. He has been 
 County Physician since 1866. On the 4th of February, 1864, he 
 married Miss Sophia Maus, daughter of John Maus, deceased. By 
 this marriage, there are four children, two sons and two daughters. 
 Dr. Rubach possesses exceedingly agreeable social qualities, and is 
 much respected by the citizens of Belleville, and also bears the 
 reputation of being an honorable gentleman and good citizen. 
 
 HON. THOMAS QUICK. 
 
 Thomas Quick is a native of St. Clair County, and a representa- 
 tive of one of the early families and pioneers of Illinois. His father, 
 Aaron Quick, was a native of New Jersey, and was a soldier of the 
 war of 1812, and was also in the Indian wars on the frontier. His 
 father, Isaac Quick, paternal grandfather of the subject of this 
 memoir, removed from New Jersey to the western part of Pennsyl- 
 vania soon after the close of the last century. He remained there 
 until 1806, when he came to the territory of Illinois, and settled in 
 what is now St. Clair county. His son Aaron followed him in 
 1809. 
 
 Isaac Quick married Lucretia Runyon, who was born February 
 14, 1761. By this union Aaron was born October 19, 1778. On 
 the 9th December, 1800, he married Lacy Preston, who was born 
 December 1, 1780. She was a native of the western part of 
 Virginia. Her parents were natives of Maryland. By the union 
 of Aaron and Lacy Quick there were twelve children, ten of whom 
 lived to maturity. Our subject is the youngest of the family. He 
 was born in St. Clair County October 13, 1823. He was educated 
 in the pioneer schools of Illinois, and from those rude schools 
 entered M'Kendree College at Lsbanon, Illinois. He remained in 
 the latter institution for two and a half years, then adopted the 
 profession of school teacher, and also read the standard text books 
 upon law, under the direction of George Trumbull, an eminent 
 lawyer of Belleville, and in 1846 was admitted to the practice. 
 He was admitted to the bar of the United States Courts on motion 
 of Abraham Lincoln, with whom Mr Quick was intimate, and 
 both were strong personal friends. In 1847 he removed to Water- 
 loo, Monroe County, Illinois, and continued his practice with varied 
 success until 1855, when he returned to Belleville. While a 
 resident of Monroe County, in 1850 he was elected to represent his 
 district in the Legislature. After his return to Belleville he 
 formed a law-partnership with Judge W. H. Underwood, which 
 continued for a short time. In 1856, he and Hon. Jehu Baker, 
 formed a partnership in the practice of law which continued until 
 Mr. Quick was appointed Bank Examiner by Governor Bissell. 
 He was reappointed by Govs. Yates and. Oglesby, and held that 
 position until the law was abolished. In 1858 he purchased land 
 in Washington County, where he farmed until 1874. In 1861 he 
 was appointed one of the incorporators of the Illinois Agricultural 
 College at Irvington, in Washington County. He worked faith- 
 fully for the instititution, and spent much time and a great deal of 
 his private means in his efibrts to establish and build it up. He 
 was a member of the first Board of Trustees of the Illinois Indus- 
 trial University at Urbana, Illinois, and was active in its manage- 
 ment during Gov. Oglesby's administration. He held the position 
 until 1873. In that year he removed to Richview, in Washington 
 County, Illinois, and from there went to East St. Louis, and in 
 1876 came back to Belleville, and here he has remained to the pre- 
 sent. On the 1st of October, 1846, he married Miss Evilina S. 
 Thrift, by whom he had six children, four sons and two daughters. 
 Mrs. Quick died November 19, 1676. Orlando T., the eldest son, 
 was a soldier during the late rebellion. He was a student at 
 McKendree College when he enlisted in Co. "C." of the 72d 
 Regt., 111. Vol , and died in the service from disease contracted 
 while' in the line of his duty, the date of which was March 27, 
 1865. The youngest daughter named Eugenia Eloise, died in her 
 eleventh year. Abram E., Judson Thrift, the latter a school 
 teacher in this county. Edwin, another son, is a telegraph opera- 
 tor in Chicago, for the Western Union Telegraph Company, and is 
 also a student in the Chicago Law School. Burton is a resident 
 
220 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 and school teacher in St. Clair County. On the 6th of February, 
 1881, Mr. Quick was united in mirriage to Mr,^. Mary E. Miles, 
 nee Tyrrell, widow of Stephen W. Miles, jun. Politically, Mr. 
 Quick was originally a democrat, but was opposed to slavery. 
 During the Kansas-Nebraska difficulties he became a free soiler, 
 and from that political position, he joined the republican party. 
 He took a decided stand against the admission of slavery into the 
 territories, and when that opposition culminated and crystalized 
 into an organization he was found in its ranks, and heartily sup- 
 ported the election of John C. Fremont to the Presidency. Since 
 that time he has voted the republican ticket. During the war he 
 was a strong Union man, favorable to the most vigorous prosecu- 
 tion of the war. He was then a member of the State Republican 
 Central Committee. He has been a member of the Baptist Church 
 since 1868, as was his deceased wife, and his present one. He is 
 also an honored member of the ancient and honorable order of A. 
 F. and A.M., and belongs to St. ClairLodge, Billeville, Illinois. 
 Personally and socially, Mr. Quick is a man. of rare and social 
 qualities. He has given much attention to self-culture, and has 
 contributed considerably to newspapers and periodicals. 
 
 D. REUTCHLER. 
 
 Tins gentleman, who is engaged in the mercantile and coal busi- 
 ue^s at Reutchler's station, is a native of the state, and was born at 
 Jacksonville, Morgan county, December tenth, 1837. His ances- 
 tors emigrated at an early date to America from Wittenberg, Ger- 
 many, and settled in Pennsylvania. The family is said to have 
 been originally of the same stock as the Van Rensellaers of New 
 York. The name was formerly spelled Reutschler. John Reutch- 
 ler, the grandfather of D. Reutchler, was born in Pennsylvania 
 
 His father, Jacob Reutchler, lived in Union county. Pa., and in 
 the fall of 1837 immigrated to Illinois^ reaching Morgan county 
 the last of October of that year— the journey, which was by wagon, 
 occupied five weeks. They remained in Morgan county about three 
 months ; the greater part of the winter was spent at Upper Alton ; 
 and in the spring of J 838 they came to St. Clair county, and settled 
 on section thirty-three of township one north, range seven west. 
 When he came west, Jacob Reutchler was a man of considerable 
 means. He had been eugaged in farming and milling in Union 
 county. Pa., and on leaving that locality sold his farm and mill for 
 twenty-one thousand dollars, a much larger sum in those days than 
 now He brought this amount with him to Illinois. He was un- 
 fortunate in losing a loan of about fourteen thousand dollars, which 
 he made to a man in Upper Alton. With the balance he purchased 
 eight hundred acres of land, paying for the improved part twelve 
 dollars and a half an acre. At the time he purchased this land the 
 improvements on the place were among the best in that part of the 
 county, the original settlement having been made by James Mitch- 
 ell in 1817. 
 
 Jacob Reutchler was a man of great energy and superior busi- 
 ness qualifications. He gave his personal attention to farm- 
 ing, but was also occupied largely in trading in stock, by which he 
 accumulated considerable means. His trading expeditious mono- 
 polized a great part of his time, made necessary a great amount of 
 rough traveling over the country, and was the source of much 
 hardship. He had a fair education, which had mostly been acquired 
 by his own efl'orts, was a good judge of human nature, a successful 
 trader and a capable business man. At the time of his death he 
 owned nearly twenty-five hundred acres of valuable land, covering 
 the site of Reutchler's station. He died on the 9ch of January, 
 
 1853, from a congestive chill, supposed to have been brought on by 
 exposure. His widow -still lives on the old homestead, aud enjoys 
 good health, though at the age of seventy-seven. Mrs. Reutchler 
 has been a member of the Lutheran Church ever since her mar- 
 riage, and her husband, while a resident of Pennsylvania, was also 
 an active member of that denomination. She has warmly at heart 
 the interests of the church, and has built with her own means the 
 church at Reutchler's station, and in every other way has done all 
 she could to forward the cause of Christianity. She raised a family 
 of ten children, all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. 
 Five — three sons and two daughters — are now living. 
 
 Daniel Reutchler, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, 
 was born about six weeks after the arrival of the family in Illinois, 
 and was about six months old at the time his parents settled in St. 
 Clair county. He was raised in that part of the county, and at- 
 tended the common schools. In 1855 he went to Pennsylvania, and 
 during the winter of 1855-6 went to school at the Union County 
 Seminary and an academy in Juniata county. He subsequently, 
 during the winter of 1860-1, attended a commercial college in Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. He had his home on the farm in St. Clair county, though 
 at intervals he was in Ohio and elsewhere till 1864, when he re- 
 moved to Belleville and purchased of his brother, J. B Reutchler, 
 an interest in the agricultural works which were conducted for four" 
 teen years under the firm name of D. & H. Reutchler. During 
 this time the establishment was eugaged in the manufacture of their 
 well-known grain drills. Od the seventh of January, 18' 8, he met 
 with a- serious misfortune by breaking one of his limbs in two 
 places. This accident, which was occasioned by his being caught 
 in the fly-wheel of the engine at the coal-shaft, which had been 
 opened up at Reutchler's, unfitted him for any physical exertion foi 
 about a year. 
 
 Since 1878, having disposed of his interest in the Agricultural 
 Works, he has been engaged in the management of the old home- 
 stead farm, which is composed of over five hundred acres, and in 
 operating the coal-shaft at Reutchler's, which was opened up at the 
 time of the building of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. 
 Since 1874 he has also had charge of a store at that place, and 
 since June of that year has filled the office of post-master. He is a 
 gentleman of enterprize and energy. He has never filled any 
 public position. He began his political course by voting for 
 Stephen A. Douglas for President in 1860, but in 1864 supported 
 Lincoln for the presidency, and has since acted with the republican- 
 party, though in his political views he is liberal aud independent. 
 
 CHARLES F. NOETLING 
 
 Is a native of Pennsylvania. William Noetling, his father, was of 
 GLTmaii birth, and emigrated to America in 1824. He settled in 
 Philadelphia, where he practiced medicine. He afterwards re- 
 moved to Juniata county, in the same state, and there married Eli- 
 zabeth Zulauf, who was a Penusylvauian by birth. Dr. Noetling 
 subsequently removed to Union county, and remained there until 
 the division of that county and Snyder, whereby he became a resi- 
 dent of the latter, and remained until his death in 1861. His wife 
 still survives him. By the marriage of Dr. William and Elizabeth 
 Noetling there were three children, all sons. William, the eldest, 
 is at present Professor of Mathematics in the State Normal School 
 in Bloomsburg, Pa. John, the youngest, is a physician, located in 
 Mifflinburg, Pa. Charles P., the second son. was born in Union 
 county. Pa., September 19, 1832. He received his education in the 
 common schools and in the academy at New Berlin, and in the 
 
Residence of JOHN MAULE. Belleville, Illinois. 
 
 144^^ 
 
 Residence of PETER STAUOER.BellevilleJlunois. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 221 
 
 Uaiou Ssminary in Union county. It was the wish of his father that 
 he should adopt the profession of medicine, and with that idea in view 
 hs read medicine in his father's office for several years, but it proved 
 distasteful, and he abandoned the idea of becoming a physician, and 
 came west to Belleville in St. Clair county, Illinois, and here he 
 was induced to take charge of the public schools as principal. Af- 
 ter a term he was engaged to teach in the Belleville German and 
 English High School, which was select and composed of the child- 
 ren of prominent citizens, who desired that their children should be 
 taught both languages, and have the advantages of an education 
 superior to that obtained in the common schools. The profession 
 of teaching like that of medicine was uncongenial, and he deter- 
 mined to study law. In November, 1856, he entered the law-office 
 of Wm. H. & J. H. Underwood, prominent and well-known attor- 
 neys of Belleville, and commenced the study. In 1859, at the 
 April term of the circuit court, he underwent an examination be- 
 fore a committee, composed of Judge Underwood, George Trumbull, 
 and Nathaniel Niles, and upon their unanimous recommendation was 
 admitted to the bar. On the 12th of June, 1860, he entered the 
 office of Judge Underwood, and remained in his service for one 
 year, when he formed a law partnership with his preceptor, which 
 continued until September, 1875, or, until the death of Judge Un- 
 derwood. On the 1st of November, 1875, he formed a partnership 
 with R. A. Halbert, which still continues. The law firm of Under- 
 wood & Noetling did a large and lucrative practice, and was during 
 its existence one of the most successful law firms in southern Illi- 
 nois. The firm of Noetling and Halbert still continued the prestige 
 achieved in former years, and still occupy the conspicuous position 
 at the bar of St. Clair county. 
 
 Few cases of any prominence are tried in the courts but what 
 they are retained for one side or the other. Their success and large 
 practice is the best evidence of their ability as lawyers. Mr. Noet • 
 ling politically is a republican. He joined that organization in 
 1856, and from that time to the present has been a staunch sup- 
 porter of republican principles. 
 
 In 1871, he was appointed a member of the State Board of Edu- 
 cation, and for six years served with distinction in that body. 
 
 Notwithstanding, Mr. Noetling's life has been a busy one, his large 
 law practice requiring much of his time, he has still found leisure 
 to cultivate his mind, and add to his store of historical and literary 
 information. He has also found time to make pleasure trips to 
 difierent parts of the country. These journeys have embraced a vi- 
 sit to nearly every state in the Union. In 1879, he was one of a 
 large party of men engaged in difierent callings and professions, 
 who went south and to Mexico on a tour of information and 
 observation. The party was known as the "American Industrial 
 Deputation," whose object was to some extent, to establish more 
 friendly business relations between Mexico and the United States. 
 Their observations and impressions were published at the time in 
 the leading journals throughout the country, and did much to cor- 
 rect false impressions, and give the people of the two countries a 
 better knowledge of each other. On the 22d of December, 1858, 
 he was united in marriage to Miss Julia M. Swyer, a native of 
 Belleville. By this union there are three children, one son and two 
 daughters. William F., the son, is preparing for the profession of 
 law. He married Miss Anna Grant of Memphis, Tenn. Ella L., 
 the eldest daughter, is the wife of Edward Swiaford, now a resident 
 of St. Louis. Bessie N., the youngest, is yet at home. Both Mr. and 
 Mrs. Noetling, are members of the Presbyterian church. During 
 Mr. Noetling's long residence in Belleville, and connection with the 
 business interests of the town and county, he has proved himself a 
 man entitled to the respect and confidence of the people. In his 
 
 manners he is open, frank and unassuming, and at home or abroad 
 is a pleasant and agreeable gentleman. 
 
 CHARLES BECKER. 
 
 The subject of the following biographical sketch was born in 
 Rhenish Bavaria, Germany, June 21th, 1840. Urban Becker, his 
 father, was by trade and profession an architect and builder, and 
 carried on a large business in his native country. He there mar- 
 ried Mary Spross, by which union there were thirteen children. In 
 1851 he left Germany and emigrated to America, and came direct 
 to Belleville, where he continued his trade of builder, and where 
 he remained until his death in 1874. His wife, and mother of the 
 subject of this sketch, survived him, and died in Belleville, March 
 25th, 1881. Charles was in his eleventh year when the family 
 came to America. His education was obtained, mainly, in the 
 schools of Belleville, in which he continued until his fifteenth year, 
 when he went to the Harrison Machine Works in Belleville, and 
 commenced learning the trade of moulder. He remained at the 
 trade until he was twenty-one years of age, when the war broke out. 
 He then laid down his tools and with patriotic devotion to the coun- 
 try of his adoption he enlisted under the first call of the President 
 for 300,000 men. He enlisted in company B, of the 12th Missouri 
 Volunteers, and participated with the regiment in the battles and 
 skirmishes until near the close of the battle of Pea Ridge, which 
 commenced on the 6th of March, 1862. On the 8th, in the third 
 day's fight, he was woumled in the right thigh, the ball shattering 
 the limb so badly that in order to save his life it was necessary to 
 amputate the leg above the knee while he yet lay on the field of 
 battle. This desperate wound necessitated his discharge from the 
 service, which was acjorJingly done on the 8th of March, 1862. He 
 returned horns, and thiu went to school for a short time. He re- 
 alized from the nature of his physical disability that he would for 
 the future have to depend upon clerical labor for support He took 
 a course in book-keeping, and afterwards returned to Harrison's 
 Machine shops and clerked, and did such general work until he 
 married. That event occurred January 23d, 1864, at which time he 
 was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Fleischbein, a native born 
 lady of Belleville, and daughter oi Jacob and Louisa Fleischbein, 
 who came to this country as early as 1833. After his marriage, he 
 moved to West Belleville, where he engaged in hotel keeping;, in 
 which he continued until 1866, when he received the nomination 
 for the office of sherifif, and in the ensuing election was elected. He 
 served two years, which, by the then existing law, rendered him in- 
 eligible for a second term. He then went into the Belleville brew- 
 ery, in connection with Mr. Ehrhardt, under the firm name of 
 Ehrhardt & Becker. They continued the brewing business until 
 1872, when he was nominated and elected circuit clerk. In 1876 
 he was again nominated, and became his own successor, and con- 
 tinued in office until the expiration of his term. 
 
 In all of the offiiies held by Mr. Becker his entire course was 
 marked by close attention to business, a careful regard for the wants 
 and wishes of other.-J, an accomodating disposition, obliging man- 
 ners, and a proficiency in his duties, which had the efiect of making 
 him exceedingly popular amo'ig the masses and those who came in 
 direct contact with him. lie is emphatically a republican, and has 
 never gone back on that [)arty. In 1872, when the great Liberal 
 wave swept thousands of his countrymen from the republican into 
 the liberal-democratic ranks he re.iiained firm. He was nominated 
 for county clerk on the republican ticket, and was the only repub- 
 lican elected. In 1876 his personal popularity and worth asa man 
 
222 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 and citizen received still more flattering proof. He was nominated 
 for the second time for circuit clerk, and notwithstanding his party- 
 was defeated by 1183 majority, he was elected by 800 majority, 
 which was 2000 in excess of his party's vote. This is the strongest 
 evidence of his worth as a man, and his fidelity to public trusts. In 
 the party he has been active, and has done much to sustain the or- 
 ganization in St. Clair county. He has been chairman of the Re- 
 publican Central Committee for some years, and under his vigorous, 
 wise and judicious management, the party owes much of its success 
 in this county 
 
 In his manners Mr. Becker is a plain, unassuming gentleman. 
 In his home, as well as abroad, he is hospitable and kind. In the 
 former his generous hospitality is most readily attested by the wri- 
 ter of this article, who has been the recipient of it, and who wishes 
 to bear testimony to this trait of character in him. 
 
 By his marriage with Miss Louisa Fleischbein there have been 
 five children, four living, three sons and one daughter. Their names 
 are Bertha, Casimer, Gustave and Arthur Carl Becker. Frederick 
 died in his eighth year. 
 
 Mr. Becker is a member of the German societies in Belleville 
 which are organized for social, musical and other purposes. He was 
 president of the Philharmonic Society for five years. 
 
 JAMES H. THOMAS. 
 
 The present editor and proprietor of the Advocate, the oldest estab- 
 lished journal of St. Clair county, is a native of Belleville, and was 
 bom Dec. 2, 1848. The Thomas family were originally from South 
 Carolina. John Thomas, the great grandfather of James H., emi- 
 grated to Illinois as early as 1807, and settled near Shiloh, in St. 
 Clair couiity. His sons, among whom was James D. , came several 
 years later. James D. married Elizabeth Tozer, who was a native 
 of Pennsylvania, but was a resident of this county at the time of 
 her marriage. Her people came here about the same time as ihe 
 younger Thomas. By this union there were four children, who 
 reached the age of maturity, two of whom had families. One of 
 these was Margaret, who was the wife of George E. Walker of 
 Chicago, now deceased. John J. Thomas, the father of James H., 
 is the sole survivor of the family. He was born near Shiloh, on 
 what is now known as the " Glaser " farm, July 9, 1818. He there 
 grew to manhood, and married Margaret Harrison, a native of this 
 county, and daughter of James D. and Lucinda Harrison. On the 
 paternal side the Harrisons were originally from North Carolina, 
 and the maternal grandmother, whose name was Gooding, was a na- 
 tive of Kentucky. On both sides the family were among the pio- 
 neer settlers of St. Clair county. By the union of John J. and 
 Margaret Thomas there were eight children, three of whom are liv- 
 ing ; the others died in infancy. The mother died February 5, 
 1877 The subject of this sketch is the eldest of the children, and 
 received his early education in the public schools of Belleville. At 
 the age of seventeen he entered McKendree College at Lebanon, 
 and graduated therefrom in 1869. After his return from school he 
 entered the law office of Judge W. H. Underwood, and commenced 
 the study of law. He pursued his studies until 1871, when at 
 the August terra of the circuit court he was admitted to the bar. 
 He commenced the practice in East St. Louis, and continued until 
 1873, when he abandoned the profession and engaged with his father 
 in the drug business in Belleville, in which he continued until 1880, 
 when he purchased the Advocate printing ofiice, and from that time 
 to the present has been engaged in the newspaper busiiiess. As a 
 newspaper man Mr. Thomas has been successful. He has made the 
 
 Advocate one of the influential and leading republican newspapers of 
 southern Illinois. 
 
 On the 30th of June, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Hattie P., daughter of John L. Sargent of Lebanon, Illinois. He 
 is a member of the order of A. F. and A. M., chapter and com- 
 mandery. He is high priest and presiding officer of the Belleville 
 Chapter No. 106. Politically he has always voted the republican 
 ticket. He is a man whose influence is felt in all enterprises calcu- 
 lated to further the interests of Belleville and this county. 
 
 BENJAMIN J. WEST, JR. 
 
 Benjamin West, the great-grandfather of the subject of this 
 short biographical sketch, was born in Maryland in the year 1 743. 
 Tilghman H. West, his oldest son, was born in Montgomery co. 
 Maryland, September 20, 1773. When but six years of age, his 
 father moved to Virginia, and settled in Botetourt county, near 
 Fincastle, the county seat. In 1803 Tilghman H. West married 
 Mary Mitchell. Having accumulated considerable property in 
 Virginia, he determined to move westward, and in 1818 came with 
 his family and slaves to Illinois, and settled in St. Clair county. 
 Benjamin J. West, his son, married Louisa A. Mitchell, June 7th, 
 1836 settled in Belleville, the county seat, and engaged in the mer- 
 cantile business in 1834, and continued business until 1879. Hav- 
 ing accumulated a competency, he determined to retire from busi- 
 siness. Benjamin J. West, Jr., was born on his father's farm, one 
 mile south of Belleville, in July, 1846, where he remained until 
 1860. At the age of fourteen he entered McKendree College, re- 
 maining two years. He then entered the St. Louis University, and 
 remained until 1864. About this time the call was made by the 
 President of the United States for one hundred-day volunteers. At 
 the age of eighteen he enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty- 
 second Regiment Ills. Volunteers in the company of Captain D. H. 
 Porter, but was immediately transferred to the quartermaster's de- 
 partment, and remained until his regiment was ordered from Ten- 
 nessee to Chicago. Upon the arrival of the 142d Regiment in Chi- 
 cago, Governor Yates called upon the troops to go to Missouri, as 
 that state was threatened by invasion of Gen. Price's armies. Mr. 
 West, » ith about two hundred of his regiment, although their term 
 of service was over, volunteered to return to Missouri, and remained 
 in that state until the confederate armies were driven out. Re- 
 turning to his home, he engaged in the mercantile business. June 
 12, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Lora Kinney Gere, of 
 Alton, Ills. In 1877 he was elected city register ; in '79 was 
 elected, without solicitation, a member of the city council ; and in 
 1881 was elected, over the Convention nominee, mayor of the 
 city. 
 
 WILLIAM KEMPFF 
 
 Is a native of Prussia, and was born Dec, 25, 1811. He served in 
 his youth a regular apprenticeship to the drug trade, and success- 
 fully passed a rigid examination in pharmaceutical science. In 
 1848 he emigrated to America, and came the same year to Belle- 
 ville, and in March, 1849, formed a partnership with Dr. Birchel- 
 mann in the drug business. The partnership continued until 1873 
 — or, until the d( alh of Birchelmann. Since that time Dr. Kempff" 
 has continued alone in the business. He is now the oldest druggist, 
 and has been longer in the business than any other druggist in 
 Belleville. He started in the same building where he now is, and 
 has continued at the same place for nearly thirty-three years. 
 
lllSTOn Y OF ST. CLAIR CO UNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 223 
 
 C^-^-t^ 
 
 Inventor, mechanic, and one of the enterprising men of Belleville, 
 was born in Cronberg, Germany, February 27th, 1824. His father 
 was a man possesssing ample means; consequently, Mr. Brosius, in 
 his youth, enjoyed all the advantages of a liberal education. He 
 early exhibited a taste for mathematics and mechanism, and for the 
 purpose of developing the latter he was sent to the schools where it 
 was made a special study, and where he had opportunities of learn- 
 ing mechanism practically. In 1849 he concluded to come to 
 America. He landed in New York the same year, and came direct 
 to Belleville. He tried farming for a short time ; then, in connec- 
 tion with Jacob Geiss, commenced the foundry and manufectory of 
 all kinds of agricultural implements, in all of which they were very 
 successful. During his connection with this business he contracted 
 to build and do all the iron work on the new court-house, which was 
 completed in 1862. In 1866 he started the oil works. The ma- 
 chinery and works were built by him, and were of an entirely new 
 and novel construction. He was the inventor of what is now known 
 as the Water Clear Cold Pressed Castor Oil. The construction of 
 the machinery and kind used was a secret, but in time the process 
 was discovered, and now it is in general use throughout the country. 
 While in the manufacturing of agricultural implements he also made 
 a number of useful inventions, among which may be mentioned the 
 "Atmospheric Radiator " for heating, which takes the foul air by 
 means of suction, carrying it to the heater, where it is consumed. 
 In 1879 he built the works for heating the city. He adopted the 
 "Holly " system, heating with steam, which has proven to be all 
 
 that is claimed for it. It stood the test last winter, which was one 
 of tlie longest occurring in many years, and of unusual .severity. In 
 the matter of heating and the adoption of the best method of con- 
 veying the steam to different parts of the city so as to prevent rapid 
 condensation, called forth the exercise of Mr. Brosius' inventive ge- 
 nius. He came to the conclusion that air itself was the very best non- 
 conductor of heat. He therefore constructed two boxes, placing 
 the pipes in a box and enclosing the same box in another, leaving 
 a space of one inch all around the inside box for the free circulation 
 of the air. By the use of the two boxes, two air spaces are obtained ; 
 one between the pipe and the inner box, and the other between the 
 inner and outer box, the two air rooms thereby insulating the heat 
 as completely as possible. The insulating boxes are much cheaper, 
 and save a large amount of money usually expended for asbestos and 
 otlier material used for packing the pipes to prevent them from 
 frci zing. His system of Insulating Boxes has attracted much at- 
 tention and called to the city a number of scientific men, who have 
 made a thorough examination of the system, and universally pro- 
 nounce it a valuable invention, and the best in use. It will no 
 doubt go into geneial use wherever steam is used for heating cities, 
 or where it is to be conveyed in pipes for any great distance. He 
 is also the inventor of the " Electric Clock," which is placed in the 
 tower of his private residence, and which, by the means of 
 wires, is connected with the public clocks of the city. They all 
 register the exact time of day and night. The clock and connectioi;s 
 with others was constructed from his private means, which proves 
 
224 
 
 EI8T0RY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 him to be a public-spirited, as -well as a useful citizen. In 1852 he 
 was united in marriage with Miss Maria Annie Weingaertner, a 
 native of Germany, but a resident of Belleville at the time of their 
 marriage. This union has been blessed with twelve children — nine 
 of whom are living — six sons and three daughters. John, the eldest 
 son, was married on the 2lEt of April, 1881, to Miss Lizzie, the ac- 
 complished daughter of August Teimann, of Belleville. 
 
 In his home Mr. Brosius is a true Geiman gentleman, dispensing 
 to all who gather around his hearthstone a genuine hospitality. In 
 1876 he erected a fine, large, palatial residence in the eastern part 
 of the city, known as " Cron-thal," which is a credit to the city of 
 Belleville. Mr. Brosius has been very successful in life, particularly 
 since he has made Belleville his home, all of which has betn the 
 result of industry, energy, and the exercise of sound judgnienl, and 
 gdod management of his business. 
 
 CURT HEINFELDEN. 
 
 Among the enterprising young German-AnKrican citizerjs of 
 Belleville is Mr. Heinfelden. He is a native of Prussia, and was 
 born October 3d, 1848. He comes from a family of soldiers and 
 land owners. His grandfather held the rank of Colonel in ihe 
 army. His father was also trained to arms, and retired from the 
 service with the rank of first lieutenant. After his retirement he 
 married and took charge of the lands and family estate, and super- 
 intended their cultivation, and so continued until his death, which 
 occurred in 1851, while the subject of this sketch was still in his 
 infancy. After the death of his father Curt became an inmate of 
 his grandfather's home, and by him was educated and prepared for 
 entrance to the College at Liege, Belgium, where he remained three 
 years. From 1865 to 1869 he visited the Gymnasiums of Cologne 
 and Duren. In October, 1869, he entered the University at Bonn, 
 where he proposed to prepare himself for the profession of law. In 
 1870, a short time after his entrance in the university, the Prussian- 
 Franco war broke out, and in July of the same year he entered the 
 service in the King's Hussar Reg't, which was garrisoned in Bonn. 
 In a short time after his enlistment he became an ofiicer, and at the 
 close of the war he determined to remain in the army and abandon 
 the study of law. In the fall of 1872 he was transferred from the 
 Hussars to one of the new regiments of dragoons of Hurttenberg. 
 He remained with the latter command until the close of 1874, 
 when he resigned and quit the service and emigrated to the United 
 States, landing in New York where he engaged in working for the 
 New York Stoats Zeitung, and the Belletridische Journal. He re- 
 mained in New York until 1876, when he went to Philadelphia as 
 Exposition correspondent for the German newspapers. From Phila. 
 he went to Cincinnati and became assistant editqy of the Volksfreund. 
 He remained with the latter journal until May, 1877, when he went 
 to Chicago and became a dramatic critic for the Illinois Staaig Zeit- 
 ung. In October of 1878 he left Chicago to accept a position on 
 the editorial staff of the Anztiger des Wedens, of St. Louis, which 
 position he held until the editorship of the Belleville Zeitung was 
 offered him. He came to Belleville in October, 1879, and assumed 
 editorial control of the Zeitung. On the 21st of June, 1880, he 
 purchased Mr. Sebastian Feitsam's half interest in the paper, and 
 from that time to the present has been half owner and editor-in- 
 chief of the Zeitung, which is recognized as the leading German 
 newspaper of Southern Illinois. Politically, Mr. Heinfelden has 
 been a republican since he first landed in America. In the spring 
 of 1880 he was elected Alderman of the 5th ward of Belleville. 
 On the 9th of November, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Louisa W.Weber, eldest daughter of Herman G. Weber, an old and 
 
 prominent citizen of Belleville. Mr. Heinfelden posesses social 
 qualities of a high order, and is a frank, out-spoken gentleman. 
 Liberally educated and of considerable experience for one of his 
 years, he brings to the profession of journalism a mind well stored 
 with information, and being a fluent writer he has in a short time 
 made the Zeitung the most popular German newspaper in Southern 
 Illinois. 
 
 LUCIUS DON TURNER. 
 
 Lucius Don Turner, the father of Don Turner, was born in 
 Nelson county, Virginia, May 5th, 1803. On the paternal side, 
 the family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Mr. Turner came west, to 
 Illinois, in 1831, and settled in St. Clair county, and, soon after, 
 married Miss Matilda V. Stuntz. She was borii in St. Clair county, 
 Illinois, in 1811. She is the youngest daughter of Captain John 
 Stuntz, who was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, of Ger- 
 man parents. He was a man of much prominence in his day, and 
 held many important positions in the county, and was a member of 
 the County Board for many years, and also represented this district 
 in the Legislature. He received his title of Captain from having 
 commanded a company in the Mexican war. Mr. Turner, after 
 his marriage, engaged in farming, north of Belleville, and remained 
 there one year, when he exchanged for a farm midway between 
 Belleville and Freeburg, where he moved, cultivated his farm and 
 continued to reside until 1857, where he abandoned farming and re- 
 moved to Freeburg, of which place he is still a resident. By the 
 marriage of Mr. Turner and Matilda V. Stuntz, there were seven 
 children, six of whom are still living, two sons and four daughters. 
 Don is the youngest of the family. He was born in St. Clair 
 county, Illinois, October 5, 1849. He received a liberal education, 
 first in the common schools of his neighborhood, where he prepared 
 himself for entrance in McKendree College, at Lebanon. He re- 
 mained at McKendree for three years, then entered Washington 
 University, at St. Louis, where he remained one year. He had 
 determined to study for the profession of law, and, during vaca- 
 tions, read law in the ofiice of G. & G. A. Koerner, of Belleville. 
 After having read the text books, he entered the Law Department 
 of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and remained there 
 two years and graduated iu the class of 1873. Upon motion, he 
 was admitted to practice in the courts of Illinois in June, 1873. 
 In 1875 he formed an arrange nent with the Messrs. Koerners by 
 which he has an interest in the practice. That arrangement still 
 continues. As a lawyer, Mr. Turner possesses the necessary quali- 
 fications, which are, industry and a natural aptitude for the pro- 
 fession. He prefers the real estate law practice to any other. 
 Politically, he is a democrat at present, but was, originally, a re- 
 publican. He is uot a firm adhereut of any political organization, 
 but votes for principles, and men who are worthy, without regard 
 to party ties or affiliations. In short, he is independent in politics. 
 On the 14th of August, 1875, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Josephine Eckert, daughter of Leonard Eckert, of Waterloo, Mon- 
 roe county, Illinois. She is of German parentage, through a na- 
 tive of Monroe county. She was educated and graduated from 
 the Normal School at Bloomington, 111., several years prior to her 
 marriage, and was employed as a teacher in the public schools 
 of Belleville. This union has been blessed by four children, one 
 son and three daughters. Mr. Turner is not a member of any 
 church organization, nor does he subscribe to any of the formulated 
 creeds or dogmas, yet, withal, he is not ready to condemn or rail 
 against church or Christian organizations, until something equally 
 as good is substituted. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Is one of the successful business men of Belleville. His history 
 demonstrates that a man possessing industry, energy, and perse- 
 verance can succeed despite the difficulties which frequently hedge 
 around life's pathway. 
 
 He was born in Martzaum, Hesse Catsel, Germany, May 10, 
 ]844. He is the third in a family of tw-o sons and two daughters, 
 children of Frederick and Mary Eeinecke. The family emigrated 
 to America in 1857, landing in New Orleans in June of that year^ 
 and from there came up the river direct to Belleville, where Fred-' 
 erick, the father, found work in a distillery. He was a miller by 
 tiade, and followed that calling in Germany. He was a man who 
 at one time was pofsessed of large means, but he made some unfor- 
 tunate ventures and lost all of his savings excepting sufficient to 
 bring him and the family to America- When he arrived here he 
 ■w as pennilef s. This loss was a serious blow to the family, as it com- 
 pelled all the members of the family to become self-supporting at a 
 very early age. He died in 1871. His wife survived him and 
 died May Sd, 1879. The result was Conrad had but little oppor- 
 tunity for receiving an education. He attended the public schools 
 until his thirteenth year, when he hired out to a man by the name 
 of Waid to work on a farm, for which he received seven dollars per 
 month and board. He was faithful, and remained with Mr. Ward 
 for six years. He then learned the blacksmith trade, and did work 
 in that line for coal miners, which gave him some idea of the busi- 
 ness. He then worked at the mines and became superintendent; 
 then went into partnership with his brother-in-law in the business^ 
 which latter undertaking was very unprofitable, as the* conteru 
 failed, owing to the unwise action of his partner. Mr. Eeinecke con- 
 29 
 
 eluded for the future to avoid partners, and start alone in the bui-i- 
 ness. In 1872 he had but a small sum of money, but he invested 
 it in coal and commenced buying and selling, and was exceedingly 
 fortunate, and made money rapidly. At the end of six months he 
 sunk a shaft of his own, and after he got it in working order he 
 began going upward to prosperity. By his speculation in coal the 
 iirst winter in St Louis he made $7000. He then with that money 
 leased land, sunk a shaft, and when completed he was $6000 in debt. 
 It was not a very encouraging outlook, but he knew just what he 
 was doing, and never doubted his ability to soon pay off every dol- 
 lar he owed, which he did in a short time after he commenced ope- 
 rating his mine. He has now two of the best mines in the county, 
 which are certain sources of wealth under such experienced man- 
 agement as his. A fine view of the mine and also of his i-esidcnce 
 can be seen on another page of this work. On the 22d of October; 
 1864, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Reeves, daughter of 
 John and Eliza Reeves. She is a native of Staffordshire, England. 
 Her parents emigrated to America and settled in St. Clair county, 
 where both remained until their death. By this union there were 
 seven children, three of whom are living. Their names are Caroline, 
 Clara and Freddy Reinecke. Both he antl his most excellent wife 
 are believers in the Protestant religion He is a member of the 
 beneficiary order of A. 0. U. W. Politically he is a democrat, but 
 his life has been too busy to take any further part than to express 
 his sentiments and choice through the ballot. 
 
 He started in life witii nothing to aid him but a strong, rugged 
 frame, an industrious disposition, energy, and a determination 
 to succeed, and gain for himself, an indejsendeuce and compe- 
 
22l 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR C&UNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 teiicy. That he has succeeded in doing, and at the same time he 
 has made for himself an honorable name which is the best heritage 
 he can leave to his posterity. In early life he learned that without 
 correct principles as the basis upon which to build a business repu- 
 tation no man could reap permanent success. He therefore made 
 it a rule to meet every obligation promptly. If he made a bad 
 bargain he did the best he could, and was careful in the future to 
 steer clear of the same difficulty. His reputation, therefore, in the 
 community is that of an honorable business-man, whose word is as 
 good as his bond. In his home and abroad he is a courteous and , 
 hospitable gentleman. 
 
 WILLIAM J. UNDERWOOD 
 Was born in Abbeville county, South Carolina, in 1833. Moved 
 to Alabama in 1851, read law and was admitted to the bar in 1855. 
 Imbued with the political teachings of John C. Calhoun, he became 
 an advocate of secession upon the election of Mr. Lincoln to the pre- 
 sidency, and acted with the ultra wing of the southern party. Up- 
 on the breaking out of the war, he promptly joined the confederate 
 army as a private, and was stationed the first year of the war in the 
 vieiuity of Norfolk, Va., in the brigade of Gen. Mahone, the now 
 famous Virginia Senator. He was afterwards transferred to Braggs 
 army in Tennessee, and became captain of a volunteer company of 
 cavalry. He served with that command until detailed for the se- 
 cret and special service. At the close of the war he removed to 
 Louisville, Ky., and engaged in commercial pursuits. In 1872, he 
 removed to Belleville, and continued commercial business in St. 
 Louis until 1876, when he returned to the profession of law and lo- 
 cated permanently in Belleville. In 1879, he was elected city at- 
 torney and re-elected in 1881, without opposition. In 1879, he be- 
 came editor of the Belleville Demociat. He is a liberal and pro- 
 gressive democrat, accepting the new era of political and national 
 affairs in good faith, and is now much devoted to the state of his 
 adoption. Mr. Underwood is a man of ability, being a versatile and 
 vigorous writer. 
 
 ADAM GINTZ. 
 
 One of the enterprising business men of West Belleville is Adam 
 Gintz, the proprietor of the Western Brewery Company. He was 
 born in Rhenish Bavaria, July 10th, 1850. His father, Jacob 
 Gintz, was a land-owner and farmer, and Adam's youth and boy- 
 hood were therefore passed- upon the farm. He is the fourth in a 
 family of seven children. He attended school and also received 
 private instruction from a Protestant minister. At the age of four- 
 teen years he was regularly apprenticed to the cooper's trade, and 
 served two years. At the end of that time he came to America in 
 company with Peter Gintz, his uncle, who was then a resident of 
 Belleville, but was on a visit to the home of his birth. He and 
 Adam came direct to Belleville, and here the latter found work in 
 the brewery of his uncle. He remained at work there for five years, 
 then went to St. Louis and worked six months, when he came again 
 to Belleville. In 1873 he, John Kloess, William Brandenberger 
 and Valentine Steig purchased the Western Brewery. Some of the 
 parties soon retired, and the firm became Kloess & Gintz, which 
 continued until February, 1881, when Mr. Gintz became sole 
 owner and proprietor of the Western Brewery Co. This brewery 
 manufactures and ships from 15,000 to 20,000 barrels of beer annu- 
 ally. It is the chief industry and manufactory of West Belle- 
 ville. 
 In Nov- 1875, Mr. Gintz married Miss Rosa, daughter of Peter 
 
 and Catherine Gintz. She was born in Belleville. There are 
 three children, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Gintz is a member 
 of Archimedes Lodge, No. 377, of A. F. and A. M. In the city 
 where he has long resided, few men are more respected for their 
 liberality, enterprise and worth as a man than Mr. Gintz. Hia 
 business qualifications are of a high order, as is attested by bis suc- 
 cessful management of the brewery. It is with pleasure that we 
 here have the opportunity of speaking for one of West Belleville's 
 most useful and valuable citizens. 
 
 FRANZ F. METSCHAN. 
 
 The present able and efficient manager of the "Stem," the lead- 
 ing German democratic newspaper of -scuthern Illinois, was born 
 at Eiterfeld, Hessen Kapel, where his father practiced law. He 
 visited the gymnasium at Eschwege and then at Herspeld, then 
 came to America, landing in New York Sept. 20, 1840. He came 
 west to (Jincinnati, where he learned the printers trade in the office 
 of the " VolkMatt," of which Stephen Molitor v. as publisher. He 
 also worked in the office of the " Hoehniechter," Frederick Has- 
 saureck, editor. In 1853 he and August Korsch established "Die 
 Menschenrechie,' (Rights of Men). When Rothacker took the 
 'complete control of the paper Mr. Metschan came to St. Louis and 
 worked on different papers there and at Alton, Illinois, and in 1854 
 went to Chicago, where he became foreman in the office of the 
 " Deuteh Amerskanet" (German-American). From there he went 
 to Milwaukee, and afterwards returned to Chicago and had charge 
 of the office of the " Illinois Staats Zeitung," as foreman. Sometime 
 after he returned to Milwaukee and was foreman of the Corsar, the 
 first German Republican paper in that city, of which Bernhard 
 Domschcke was editor. From there he went to Madison, AVis., 
 then to Burlington, Iowa, where in partnership with Heinrich Bin- 
 der he took charge of the " Burlingion Freie Presse," in 1856. In 
 1857 he went to Peoria, Illinois, and organized and started the 
 " Westllche Blaetter." He failed in the business and came back to 
 St. Louis and worked in the offices of the " Revue del Quest," a 
 French Journal " Westliche Post," Wiebusch's job office, " Ameiger 
 des Westens," and then in the autumn of 1860 came to Belleville 
 and was made foreman of the "Belleville Zeitung." When the war 
 broke out he was one of the first to enlist under the first call for 
 troops by Abraham Lincoln. He entered as a private in Co. A of 
 the 9th Regiment 111. Vols., and remained in the service for three 
 months, when his time of service expired. He then returned home, 
 and in August, 1861, re-enlisted in Co. " B " of the 12th Mo. Vols., 
 and on the organization of the company was elected sergeant, and 
 afterwards promoted to the first lieutenancy of the company. He 
 commanded the company during the Georgia campaign, and at the 
 battle of Kenesaw mountain he was slightly wounded in the leg. 
 He was mustered out of the service in Oct. 1861, after which he 
 was engaged as clerk in the office of the Provost Marshal of the 1st 
 Dist. of Mo., until after the close of the war, when he accepted the 
 situation of foreman at the office of the " Ameiger des Westens." He 
 also started a job office. On the 23d of Sept., 1866, he married 
 Miss Emilie Stauber, daughter of Rudolph Stauber, late teacher at 
 Wetzicon, Canton Zurich, Switzerland. He came back to Belle- 
 ville, and on the 29th of Oct., 1870, took charge of the "Stern des 
 Wedens " as foreman and continued in charge until it was sold to 
 Messrs. Fietsam hnd Semmelroth. Soon after a stock company was 
 formed, who started the"*S/eTO," which has been published regular- 
 ly up to the present time, of which Mr. Metschan has been, and still 
 is business manager. 
 
Farm Residence of SOLOMON MUELLER, Esq-'C/DER MumEi\"4yiMiLE3 east OFBELLEmLE^STCumCoJiL. 
 
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 H.C,Wf LLIAMS, AGENT 
 
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 1 \ B L A C K S M IT Jt^ gj^O P TT 
 
 WnuAMsCAniiiAGEMAmACT0P.y8:LtvEHY3TABLE,0N FimNomST.BnmN Jackson &HighStsM^^ 
 
HI8T0EY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 227 
 
 ^ The ancestry of the McCouaughy family on the paternal side is 
 Scotch-Irish, on the maternal Irish. John McConaughy, the great- 
 grandfather, was a native of county Antrim, Ireland, and of Pres- 
 byterian stock, which denotes his Scotch origin. He emigrated to 
 America, and settled in Pennsylvania about the close of the last 
 century. He married Jane Eiley, who was also a native of Ireland. 
 David McConaughy, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, 
 was the offspring of that marriage. He was born in Lancaster, 
 Pennsylvania, and there married Hannah Britzer. One of the 
 children by that union was named John B. McConaughy, the 
 father of Franklin. He married Miss Elizabeth Martin, of Lan- 
 caster county, Pennsylvania. He is a physician, and has practiced 
 his profession for many years. He commenced in 1854, and settled 
 in Olney, Illinois, where he remained for three years. Then re- 
 moved to Trenton, Clinton county, then back to Olney. When the 
 war broke out he was appointed Regimental Surgeon of the 17th 
 Regiment Mo. Volunteers, and was afterwards Medical Director of 
 tiie Department of Louisiana. When the war closed he came to 
 Belleville, and continued the practice of medicine until August, 
 18S0, when he removed to St. Louis, where he yet resides. 
 
 The subject of this biograi^hy is the only son. He was born in 
 Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, December 25th, 1849. He re- 
 ceived his education in the public schools until his thirteenth year. 
 He entered the preparatory department of McKendree College, in 
 the fall of 1862, and at the end of two years he entered the Col- 
 legiate department, taking the full classical course, and graduating 
 from that institution in June 10th, 1869. In 1870 he received the 
 
 degree of A. M. In June, 1869, he commenced reading law in the 
 office of Judge W. H. Underwood and Charles F. Noetling. He 
 pursued his studies diligently until 1871, when at the March term 
 of the Circuit Court he was admitted to the bar. He commenced 
 the practice in Belleville, and has continued there to the pre- 
 sent. 
 
 Mr. McConaughy is one of the rising attorneys of the bar of St. 
 Clair county. He possesses in an eminent degree those qualities 
 necessary to the successful lawyer, which are a thorough education 
 and scholastic preparation, industry, a love for the profession, and 
 a determination to succeed. To the possessor of these necessary 
 requisites, the problem of future success is easily solved. 
 
 In the short time in which he has been in the practice, he has 
 built up a reasonably lucrative business, which is increasing as his 
 success and ability becomes known. In 1877 he was elected City 
 Attorney, and held that position for two years. He is a staunch 
 republican, of undoubted stalwartism. In 1876 he was nominated 
 by the republican party for the office of States Attorney, for St 
 Clair county, but the county being largely democratic, he was de- 
 feated, although he ran five hundred votes ahead of the ticket. 
 
 On the 28th of October, 1875, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Lucie Wait Thomas, of Belleville, daughter of W. S. Thomas, an 
 old settler and prominent citizen of St. Clair county. By this 
 union there are two children, both boys. 
 
 Mr. McConaughy possesses social qualities of a high order. He 
 is an entertaining friend and most excellent companion, and is very 
 popular among his acquaintance. 
 
228 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 -4^ 
 
 oyBr^ 
 
 It i.s a pleasure for the biographer to chronicle and write the his- 
 tory of a successful mau. Such is our duty iu presenting to our 
 readers the biography of Mr. Dobschutz, one of the worthy German- 
 American citizens of Belleville. His family in Germany were of the 
 nobility, but he, like a true American citizen , left all traces of that 
 behind when he came here and made this free country his home, 
 He believes that the highest mark of nobility is to be a respected 
 and worthy citizen. His grandfather held high rank in the Prus- 
 sian army, as did also his father, who in his old age was placed 
 upon the retired list of generals, and drew a pension with the rank 
 of major. The subject of this sketch i.s one of a large family. 
 He was educated at the excellent schools of Pru.ssia, vi.sited the 
 gymnasiums, and spent several years in the University of Prussia. 
 At the age of nineteen years he was ai)|irenticed to the merchant 
 trade, at which he remained from 1849 to 1856. He then conclud- 
 ed to come to America and seek his fortune in the new world. \h\\\ 
 of this resolve he embarked on board a vessel and arrived in New 
 York in April 1856. He did not stop in the over-crowded me- 
 tropolis of the east, but went to Sioux county, Iowa. That place 
 was then on the frontier of civilization. He built the first frame 
 house in that city. The climate, however, was too severe, and ho 
 remained there only two years, then came to St. Louis, and a few 
 davs later to Belleville, where he still resides. Wheu he first came 
 here he hired out as a laborer and gardener, at which he continued 
 until he entered the employ of Messrs Brosius & Gciss, foundry- 
 men and manufacturers of agricultural implements. He worked 
 ia the foundry during the winter, and traveled through the country 
 iu the summer months, taking orders for agricultural ma- 
 chinery, manufactured by the firm. He continued thus employed 
 
 for three years, then became book-keeper (in which business he is 
 an expert) for several firms and attended to their collections. 
 While attending to the latter part of the business he learned that a 
 collection agency established here would be profitable, and acting 
 upon that idea, he opened an office as collecting agent, to which he 
 soon after added that of loan and money broker, the first of the 
 kind in Belleville To these different pursuits he has also added 
 a real estate agency. With these different branches he has been 
 able through the practice of industry and economy, aided by a 
 personal integrity, which has never been doubted, to build up a 
 business which has brought him a competency and independent 
 position among the citizens of Belleville. 
 
 lie has been twice married. The first time in 1853, to Miss N. 
 A. Moore, a native of North Carolina, but who was a resident of 
 Sioux City at the time of her marriage. She died June 1st, 1869. 
 P>y this marriage there were two sons and two daughters living. 
 On the 15th of July, 1869. he married Louisa Zimlick. She is of 
 German parentage, and was born in Baltimore. By the latter 
 marriage there are five children, two sons and three daughters. 
 
 Mr. Dobschutz is a member of the beneficiary order of A. O. U. 
 W. and Knights of Honor. Politically, his life has been too busy 
 to take much stock or active interest in politics. He has never 
 asked for an office, nor would he allow his name to be used in that 
 connection. When he does vote he always votes the republican 
 ticket. In all of Mr. Dobschutz's relations with his fellow-men he 
 bears the reputation of being an honorable, upright citizen, and an 
 honest man. In all of his business relations his integrity is un- 
 stained by an act of personal dishonor or reproach. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 229 
 
 J)^^ OTc/^^^^^tA^i^^^s^'^ 
 
 Mr. Wilderman is a desceiulaiit of one of tlie oldest families in 
 St. Clair county. Th3 Wildermaiis are of German ancestry. 
 George Wilderraan, the great-grandfathor of the present family, 
 was a native of Washington county, >raryland. He emigrated 
 west as early as 1805, and settled in the territory of Indiana, now 
 known as Illinois. The place of settlement was made at what is 
 now known as Freeburg, in St. Clair county. There he remained 
 until his death, which took place a few years later. His son, 
 Dorsey Wilderniau, was born in 1793 in the same state and county 
 as his father, and was in his twelfth year when the family removed 
 west. He died in St. Clair county in 1857. In 1812 he married 
 Phoebe Carr, who was born in Virginia in 1790. Her father, 
 Joseph Carr, was a native of the same state, and was born March 
 21, 1752, and died March 6, 1817. He was a soldier of the Revo- 
 lutionary war. After the close of that struggle he came west and 
 settled at what is now known as Illinois landing, in 1793. Dorsey 
 Wilderman, the grandfather of Alonzo S , was a soldier of the war 
 of 1812, and was connected with the military department on the 
 frontiers in the Indian wars. By his marriage with Pha3be Carr 
 there were nine children : Michael J. Wilderman, the father of the 
 subject of this sketch, was the second in the family. He was born 
 in St. Clair county, Oct. 10, 1814, and is one of the five children 
 who have survived the parents. On the 24th of April, 1838, he 
 married Theresa Patterson, a native of Guilford county, North 
 Carolina. She was born March 21, 1818, and was the daughter of 
 Greene B. and Rebecca Patterson, who were of Scotch descent. 
 Their family were among the early settlers of iNorth Carolina. 
 They emigrated to Illinois in 1818, and settled at a place known 
 as High Prairie. 'S,^ the marriage of Michael J. and Theresa 
 
 Patterson, there were seven children ; three sous and one daughter 
 are yet living. The mother died April 27, 1868. The subject of 
 this sketch is the eldest son. He was born near Freeburg, St. 
 Clair county, 111., D.'cember 1, 1839. He was raised upon the 
 farm and received his education in the common-schools of his 
 neighborhood ; his advantages in this particular were none of the 
 best, as the school system in those daj's was crude and imperfect 
 as compared with the present. He was naturally of an inquiring 
 mind, and having a genuine love for reading, he soon improved, 
 and bjf the time he reached maturity his mind was well stored 
 with much valuable information derived from books and close ob- 
 servation of men and things. In 1864 he determined to adopt the 
 professi(m of law. With this idea in view, he entered the law 
 office of Hon. S. M. Kase of Belleville, and commenced the study, 
 and applied himself diligently. In November, ISGlJ, at the term of 
 the supreme court held at Mt. "Vernon, he made application for 
 adnnission to the bar. He passed a good examination and was 
 licensed to practice in the courts of the state. In 1868 he formed 
 a law partnership with his preceptor, which continued until July, 
 1872, when it was dissolved. He then formed a partnership with 
 Mr. James M. Hamill, which still continues. The law firm of 
 AVilderman & Hamill have a large and paying practice, and are 
 recognized as an able and reliable legal firm, and stand in the 
 front rank as practitioners at the bar of St. Clair county. Politi- 
 cally Mr. Wilderman is a democrat and has been a member of 
 that political organization since 1860, when he cast his first presi- 
 dential ballot for Stephen A. Douglas. In 1876 his zeal for his 
 ]iarty and worth as a man and citizen, received honorable recognition 
 by being nominated and elected to represent St. Clair county ifl 
 
230 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the 30th General Assembly of the State. While a member of that 
 body he sustained the reputation of a careful and prudent member, 
 bringing to the practical working of the House a large share of 
 valuable business experience. He served on several important 
 committees, among -which was the Judiciary, to which was referred 
 the bill originating and creating appellate courts and giving them 
 concurrent jurisdiction. He was chairman of the sub-committee 
 from the House, and had charge of the bill and all matters pertain- 
 ing to it ; managed it on the floor of the House, and secured its 
 passage through the lower House. All of his acts as legislator 
 were dictated by a just view of the interests of his constituents and 
 those of the state at large. He is an honorable member of the 
 ancient and honorable order of Freemasonry, and passed through 
 the several lodges, and received the orders of Knighthood in 
 Tancred Commandery No 50, Belleville, Illinois. On the 15th of 
 September, 1871, he was happily united in marriage to Miss 
 Amanda, daughter of James and Hester (Coleman) Affleck. She 
 is a native of St; Clair county, but was a res-ideiit of Decatur, Illin- 
 ois, at the tindi of her marriage. This union has been blessed 
 with three children, named Hester T , Augusta A., and Eunice E. 
 Wilderman. His estimable wife is a member of the M. E. Church. 
 As a lawyer, Mr. Wilderman early recognized that the law was 
 a jealous mistress, who required of her devotees undivided atten- 
 tion and diligent application, if they would succeed. He possesses 
 those qualities which as factors, are so essential to success in every 
 department of business life, namely, industry, integrity and a large 
 share of common sense. In possession of these sterling qualities, 
 the problem of success is easily solved. They are iodissolubly linked 
 with success, and as naturally, and of necessity, follow each other 
 as cause and effect. 
 
 GEORGE LOELKtS, M.D. 
 
 This gentleman was born in Todtenhausen, province of Hesse 
 Nassau, Germany, February 3, 1845. lie was educated in the 
 high schools (Gymnasiums) and University of Marburg, and spent 
 one term in the University at Gottingen. In these institutions of 
 learning he laid the foundations and prepared himself for entrance 
 upon the profession of Medicine, which he had determined to adopt. 
 With that idea in view he studied chemistry and kindred sciences. 
 After he returned from the University he came to America, land- 
 ing in New York in 1867. From there he proceeded to Phila- 
 delphia, where, soon after his arrival, he was engaged as medical 
 assistant to Constantino Herring, father of Homeopathy in 
 America, and then Professor in Hahnemann Medical College. 
 Dr. Loelkis took a course in that college, studied and adopted the 
 new system, and graduated, receiving the degree of M.D., March 
 4, 1868. He then came west, arriving in Belleville April 9, 1868, 
 where he commenced the practice, and here he has continued to 
 the present. Dr. Loelkis belong to the progressive School of 
 Medicine. The system that he practices requires a progressive 
 mind and studious habits, not a mind that is fettered by old estab- 
 lished forms, founded upon conditions that exist only in the 
 memories and traditions of the past. The School of Homeopathy 
 has been to the old School of Medicine what the liberal and en- 
 lightened thought of the present age has been to the dogmas and 
 formulated creeds of religion in the past. It has liberalized, and 
 brought each to a higher state of perfection. On the 7th of Sep- 
 tember, 1863, Dr. Loelkis was happily united in marriage to Miss 
 Emma Helffof Philadelphia. He is a respected member of the 
 A. F. and A. M., and belongs to Archimedes L)dg3, No. 377, of 
 Belleville, Illinois. In matters pertaining to the education of the 
 
 rising generation he takes an active part, and is zealous in his ad- 
 vocacy of methods whereby the cause of education will be promoted 
 and become more general and instructive. He has been for several 
 terms a member of the Board of Education which has charge of 
 the Public Schools of Belleville. 
 
 DAVID SAFFOLD, M. D. 
 
 The Saffold family is of English ancestry on both the paternal 
 and maternal sides- Reuben and William Saffold were officers in 
 the English army. Not liking the service, they quit it and came to 
 America, landing in Virginia in 1792. From these brothers have 
 sprung the present Saffold family in America. They are numerous 
 in the southern states, and are a somewhat noted family, many of 
 them occupying places of honor and trust. Notably among these 
 may be mentioned B. T. Saffold, cousin of the subject of 
 this sketch, who has been for a number of years a member of the 
 Supreme Court of Alabama. Another one has been the editor of the 
 Selma Times since 1867, aod at present is judge of the circuit court. 
 
 Daniel Saffold, the grandfather of David, married Jennie Waters, 
 an only sister of the celebrated Col. John Waters, of Georgia. Of 
 this union was Isham Saffold, father of the subject of this sketch. 
 Isliam removed from Georgia to Arkansas in 1835, and died there 
 in 1853. He married Rachael Nobles, a native of Georgia. She 
 died in Arkansas in 1853. By this marriage there were thirteen 
 children. Dr. Saffold, the eldest of the children, and the only 
 survivor of the family, was born in Coweta Co., Georgia, August 3d, 
 18-32. His advantages in youth for receiving an education were 
 limited ; his father dying while he was yet young, the care of the 
 farm and family devolved on him. In 1847 he went to New Or- 
 leans and commenced the study of medicine under the direction 
 of Dr. Stone, a noted physician and surgeon of the south, who had 
 charge of the Infirmary and Hospital at that time. Dr. Saffold at- 
 tended lectures and the Hospital during the day, and at night at- 
 tended night schools and improved his educatioa. He continued 
 there until 1849, then went to the Centenary College at Jackson, 
 Louisiana, and remained there two years. At the end of that time 
 he concluded to adopt the profession of dentistry. He came north 
 to Philadelphia, and entered the Pennsylvania Dental College and 
 remained part of two terms, then went back to New Orleans and 
 commenced the practice. Two years later he went to Charleston, 
 S. C, and practiced there fourteen years. On the 8th of August. 
 1861, he enlisted in the 1st S. C. Artillery, stationed at Fort Sum- 
 ter. In December, 1861, he was promoted to Assistant Surgeon. 
 In 1863 he was transferred to Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, 
 and afterwards altertating between Forts Sumter and Moultrie. 
 He remained at those posts until the end of the war. After the 
 war he went to New York, then to St. Louis, and then south to dif- 
 ferent points, where he remained until 1877, when he came to Belle- 
 ville, and here he opened a dental office, and has pursued his pro- 
 fession to the present. On the 10th of June, 1860, he was united 
 in marriage to Miss Anna Maria, daughter of Hugh Quinn, of 
 Dublin, Ireland. Mrs. Saffold was born in Ireland, but was a resi- 
 dent of Charleston, S. C , at the time of her marriage. By this 
 union there is one child, a son, named David B. Saffold. Both he 
 and his wife are members of the Baptist church. Politically he is 
 democrat. He is an advocate of the cause of temperance, and is a 
 member of the Royal Templars of Temperance. Dr. Saffold is a 
 fiue dentist, and in operative and dental suigery he has few superiors. 
 He adopts all the improved methods which the science of dentistry 
 has developed from time to time, and his laboratory is well.supplied 
 with all the late improvements in the way of machinery to carry on 
 the business. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 23 L 
 
 Among the successful physicians of Belleville is the subject of 
 this bio,'raphical sketch. He was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 
 Dec. 22>1, 1849. His father, D. M. Dake, is a native of New 
 York. He was a practicing physician for many years. One of 
 the notable fiicts of the Dake family is, that all the male members, 
 for many generations back, or at least within the knowledge of the 
 present members, have been members of the medical profe.ssion. 
 Dc Dike's fj,th3r, grandfather, graat-graiidfather, all his uncles 
 and their sons, have been and are physicians. It is as natural for 
 a Dake to be a physician as for a duck to take to water. They 
 are members of the different schools. Some practising Allopathy, 
 some Homeopathy, and others Eclectic. His father was graduated 
 at Castleton University, Vermont, in 1835. He studied and was 
 graduated in the regular, or Allopath school of mediciue, and 
 practiced that system in New York State for ten years. In 1845 
 he became a convert to, and practised Homeopathy. Pie removed 
 to Pittsburg in 1848, and there continued the practice of his pro- 
 fession until his retirement. 
 
 He married Mary Manuel, who was of English birth, but a resi- 
 dent of the State of New York at the time of her marriage. By 
 this union there were four children, one son and three daughters. 
 Charles R. is the only son. He received private instruction at 
 home, where he was prepared for entrance to the Western Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania. In 1868, after his return from college, 
 he commenced the study of medicine in the office and under the 
 direction of his father. After reading the standard text-books, 
 and making suitable progress in his studies, he entered the College 
 of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, and was graduated 
 therefrom in 1872, with the degree of M. D. He was one of six 
 
 in a graduating class of one hundred and sixteen who received 
 honorable mention for the value of their graduation thesis and 
 proficiency in general at the conferring of degrees by the Faculty 
 of the College. He commenced the practice at Rockaway Beach, 
 Long Island, where he continued until 1873, when he came west 
 with the intention of going south. He was induced to stop here, 
 and finally concluded to remain permanently. In the fall of 1874 he 
 was elected to the Chair of Chemistry in the Homceopathic College 
 of St. Louis, but was unable .to accept that honorable position, 
 owing to circumstances over which he had no control, and business 
 arrangements made prior to his election. In the practice of medi- 
 cine Dr. Dake has been very successful. Since his residence in 
 Belleville he has made for himself a reputation as a close student, a 
 careful practitioner, and one thoroughly in love with his profession. 
 He belongs to the progressive school of medicine, bound down 
 by no dogma or theories of any particular school. His principle 
 is to study thoroughly what all schools of medicine present, ignor- 
 ing nothing without investigation, and adopting in practice all 
 that has proved of undoubted value. " I am a physician, bound 
 down to the rules of no single system or school of medicine," is 
 his reply upon inquiry. After his graduation from the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons in New York, he studied the system of 
 Hon oeopathy, and by some he is placed in that school, when in 
 fact he is as much of a Regular as those who pretend to practice 
 exclusively by the Allopathic system. The measure of success is 
 success, and the public care not by what system the body is cured 
 and restored to health, so that it is cured. The physician who, 
 in the shortest possible time, brings about that result, will very 
 soon have all the business to which he can give his attention. Dr. 
 
232 
 
 HI8T0BY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Dake has a large and lucrative practice, -Hhich keeps constantly 
 increasing in proportion as his successes and abilities become 
 known to the public. On the 12th of September, 1874, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Eugenia C. Swyer, a native of St. Clair 
 county, Illinois. By this union there is one child, a daughter. 
 Politically he is a republican, but he takes no interest iu politics 
 further than to express his preference and sentiments through the 
 right of suifrage. In his intercourse with men he is a genial com- 
 panion and friend , possessing social qualities of a high order. In 
 the community where he is well known he is regarded as an honor- 
 able man and valuable citizen. 
 
 THEODORE HILGARD, JR. (deceased.) 
 
 One of the early German settlers of St. Clair county, was Theo- 
 dore Hilgard. He was a native of Rheinish Bavaria, and was 
 born in the town of Zweitruecken. He was educated for the pro- 
 fession of law, but, being in sympathy with the Republican move- 
 ment in 1830, he fell under the displeasure of the government, and 
 his advancement in his profession was therefore retarded, and pa- 
 tronage from that source cut off. In 1832 he came to America, on 
 a tour of observation. He came west to St. Clair county, and was 
 here so much pleased with the fertility of the soil, that he pur- 
 chased a farm near Turkey Hill, on the Mascoutah road. He'then 
 returned to Germany and married, and the next year came back 
 and settled on his farm, and resided there until his death, which 
 occurred in the fall of 1872. He was one of the pioneers of the 
 German emigration to America, and was instrumental in having 
 others come here and settle. He married Emma Heimberger. 
 She died in 1860. By that marriage there were eight children, 
 four sons and four daughters. All the children still survive the 
 parents. Ernst H ilgard is the youngest in the family. He was 
 born in St. Clair county, Illinois, January 20th, 1845. He was 
 reared upon the farm where he continued until 1863, when he 
 enlisted for three years in the United States service, in the 43d 
 Regiment Illinois Vol., and remained in the service until the 
 end of the war. Iu 1 869 he came to Belleville and engaged in the 
 hardware trade. In 1871 he went into the dry goods business with 
 Messrs. Espenhain, Fuess & Co. In October, 1880, he opened the 
 present large dry goods and carpet house on Main street. January 
 1st, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Schcfl, the ac- 
 complished daughter of John Scheel, now deceased. 
 
 GEORGE SEMMELROTH, 
 
 The subject of this sketch, and one of the proprietors of the Belle- 
 ville Zietung, was born in Hubeurode Hesse, Germany, March 24, 
 1840. He is the eldest son of Jost Henry and Dorothea Semmel- 
 roth. He received a fair education in the schools of his native 
 country. In 1856 he emigrated to America and came direct to 
 Belleville, landing here on the 8th of June of the same year. He 
 immediately found work under Dr. Wentzel, who had charge of 
 the Belleville Volkshlatt, a German newspaper, and there learned 
 the printer's trade. His father and t(ro other remaining sons came 
 over the next year and settled in Belleville, where both these sons 
 have since died. The father still survives and resides in the city. 
 George continued in the printing business until February, 1865, 
 when he enlisted as a private in company "H" 149th Regt. 111. 
 Vols., and upon the organization of the company was elected orderly 
 
 sergeant. He remained in the service until after the close of the 
 war, and was mustered out in February, 1866. When he enlisted 
 he was foreman in the oflSce of the Zeitung, and on his return was 
 appointed to the same position, and continued in charge until. May, 
 1866, when he became the publisher of The Stem dea Westens, and 
 remained the publisher until 1872, when he sold out to F. E. 
 Scheel, and was then general manager until 1874. At the last 
 named date he purchase! a half-interest in the Zeitung, and has 
 been one of the proprietors to the present. Mr. Semmelroth is a 
 practical printer, and has been connected with the journalism of St. 
 Clair county since he first came here in 1856, and has been longer in 
 the business than any other man now connected with the journalism 
 of the county. As a newspaper manager he possesses more than 
 average ability, which has been the result of his many years expe- 
 rience. He is an honored member of the Masonic Society, and also 
 of the I. O. O, F. On the 15th September, 1866, he married Miss 
 Minnie Deeke. She is of German birth; her parents came to 
 America in 1848. By this marriage there are six children living — 
 four daughters and two sons. Socially, Mr. Semmelroth is a plea- 
 sant, agreeable gentleman of quiet, unassuming manners and habits, 
 and bears the reputation of a good citizen and honorable gen- 
 tleman. 
 
 GEORGE H. STOLBERG, 
 
 The present efficient circuit clerk of St. Clair county, is a native of 
 Hanover, Germany. He was born Nov. 22, 1843. His father, 
 George H., was engaged in general merchandizing. In the winter 
 of 1845-46 he emigrated to America, landing in New Orleans in 
 January of 1846 He came up the river to St. Louis, and from 
 there to Belleville, where he made his home until his death, which 
 occurred March 4, 1866. When he first came to Belleville he en- 
 gaged in merchandizing, in which he continued for several years. 
 He married Christina Brittmann, who survived him, and died July 
 15, 1878. By that marriage there were two sons and two daugh- 
 ters. One son and daughter survive the parents. George H. is the 
 youngest of the family. He received an educational training in the 
 private and public schools of Belleville. In his sixteenth year he 
 was entered as an apprentice to a silversmith and jeweller. He 
 continued at the trade until 1866, when he accepted a position as 
 clerk in the Recorder's Office. In 1869 he was promoted to the 
 position of Deputy Recorder and fir^t assistant clerk, under Geo. 
 M. Roeder, in which capacity he remained until the fall of 1880, 
 when his qualification and efficiency as a clerk received recognition 
 by being nominated by the Republican party in convention assem- 
 bled, for the office of circuit clerk, and in the following November 
 he was elected by a majority in excess of his party's vote. Mr. 
 Stolberg was eminently qualified for the position of circuit clerk by 
 his previous fifteen years as deputy, in which time he acquired a 
 thorough knowledge of the records and routine duties thereto be- 
 longing. The promotion to the office by the people of St. Clair 
 county was a suitable recognition of past services and faithful per- 
 formance of the duties imposed upon him, and the honor thus con- 
 ferred IS fully appreciated by him. Politically, he has been a 
 Republican smce casting his first vote, which was for Abraham Lin- 
 coln in 1864. 
 
 On the 18th of June 1874, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Mary E. daughter of John W. Eckert. of St. Louis, in which citv 
 she was born and reared. That union has been blessed with two 
 children, a son and daughter. Mr. Stolberg is of an accommoda- 
 ting disposition, which trait of character has made hira many 
 friends. ■' 
 
HISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 233 
 
 Among the enterprising men of St. Clair county who are actively 
 engaged in coal mining, stands the name of Joseph Yoch. He is a 
 native of Prussia. His father, Christian Yoch, was born in 1803, 
 in Prussia ; he was a small farmer. He married Catherine Klorius. 
 She died in Dec., 1864. By this marriage there were five children, 
 four of whom are living. Their names, in the order of their birth, 
 are : John, Joseph, Sophia, who died in infancy ; Bernhart and 
 Lenora. 
 
 Joseph, the subject of this sketch, is the second in the family. 
 He was born in Prussia, May 17th, 1844. He came with his father 
 to America, when he was but three years of age, in the year 1847. 
 The family came direct to St. Clair co.. Ills , and settled one and a 
 half miles west of Belleville on a farm, and remained there until 
 1858, when they removed to a place known as the old "Breeze's " 
 farm, two and a half miles west of Belleville. In 1859 Mr. Yoch, 
 the elder, opened a mine, which has since been known as Yoch's 
 coal mine. He continued in the business of farming and min- 
 ing until 1864, when he retired and passed the management of the 
 business to his sons, who have continued in the line marked out 
 by their father. 
 
 Joseph, after the retirement of his father, took charge of the 
 business, and under his good management they have prospered and 
 grown rich enough to be beyond any possibility of want. The Yoch 
 Brothers have two mines of their own, and are largely interested in 
 many others. They handle over three and a half millions bushels 
 
 of coal annually. They are now engaged in opening a mine on the 
 line of the Indianapolis and St. Louis railway, near Litchfield, 
 where they own a coal-field of four hundred acres. They ship 
 their coal to St. Louis, where Joseph manages the sales, ship- 
 ping, etc. John is an experienced miner, and has charge of and 
 superintends the mines. Bernhart is a practical machinist, and a 
 man of fine inventive genius. He has invented a number of ma- 
 chines for mining purposes, which are great improvements on those 
 used before. He is the inventor of the road engine, known as the 
 " B. Yoch Engine," which is self-propelling. On the 14th of May, 
 1878, Joseph was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Isch, a na- 
 tive of St. Clair county. Her father and mother were natives of 
 Alsace, and emigrated to America in 1843. By the union of Joseph 
 and Catherine Yoch there are two children, a son and daughter. 
 The son died in infancy. The name of the daughter is Josephine 
 Rosa Yoch. Both Mr. and Mrs. Yoch are members of the Catholic 
 Church. Politically he is a democrat, but he takes no further in- 
 terest in that matter than to vote, and thereby express his opinions 
 on all political subjects. 
 
 In conclusion, it may be truthfully said that the Yochs started in 
 life poor. They have, by hard work, industry, and practice of 
 economy and good management, succeeded in the world, and have 
 made a name for themselves for honorable dealing and plain, honest 
 men, which, after all, is the best heritage to leave to posterity. 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 4^ fyi^X^^^ ^Xi^,'. 
 
 r-'Z^ . 
 
 The proprietor of the H(jtel Tiemann of Belleville, Ills., is a na- 
 tive of the Province of Westphalia, Prussia, and was born July 19, 
 1833. He is the eldest of a family of three children, the offspring 
 of Frederick William and Augusta (8tein) Tiemann. His father 
 is still living, and a resident of Germany. August remained at 
 home until 1850, when he emigrated to America, landing at New 
 Orleans, and from there came u]i the river to St. Louis and to 
 Belleville, where he had friends. He worked on his uncle's farm 
 for a short time, and then came into the city and work(;d at the 
 cabinet trade for two years, then went to St. Lo\iis where he re- 
 mained two years, returning to Belleville, and in connection with 
 Eugene Glad started a carpenter shop and engaged in contracting 
 and building. They continued together for four years, in which 
 time they erected many of the substantial business houses of the 
 town. He then went to Highland, and in connection with his father- 
 in-law started a rope factory in which he was engaged for two years, 
 when he met with an accident whereby his arm was broken. He 
 returned to Belleville and started in the saloon business, and two 
 years later built the Hotel Tiemann, and opened a hotel and board- 
 
 ing-hou.se. This was in 1802. fie has continued to the present time. 
 He has also been lessee of the City Park for the past six years, and 
 in that time has contributed much enjoyment and amusement to the 
 good people of Bcllcvile. He was one of the original stockholders 
 in the Esler Ropieipiet Manufacturing Company, which was one of 
 the largest establishments for manufacture of agricultural imple- 
 ments in St. C'lair county. He is an enterprising citizen, and takes 
 stock and subscribes liberally to every enterprise that has for its 
 object the increase of the material wealth of the town. On the 16th 
 of (October, 18r)(i, he was united in marriage to Miss Auguste Hen- 
 Hciiaii, a native of Prussia. She came to America in 1854, and 
 settled in Belleville. There have been eight children by this union. 
 All of them arc yet at home, except Bertha, who is the wife of Wil- 
 liam HuH; and Lizzie, who is the wife of John Brosius, both of 
 Belleville. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Knights of Honor, 
 and the German Societies. He was a member of the Board of Al- 
 dermen. Politically he voted first for John C Fremont in 1856, 
 afterwards joined the democratic party, and is still a member of 
 that political organization. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 235 
 
 The subject of the following biographical sketch is a native of 
 the Dukedom of Schleswig, which is situated on the Baltic sea, 
 Germany. He was born March 23d, 1843. His father, H. A. 
 Lorenzen, was a large farmer, and possessed of ample means, and 
 able to give his children such an education as the best schools of the 
 country afforded. He was a soldier in the late Schleswig-Holstein 
 war, and lost his life in that struggle. His property was also 
 swept away, from causes resulting from the war. His widow and 
 mother of John still survives, and is a resident of her native coun- 
 try. There were six children in the family. John is the third. 
 At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to the grocery trade, and 
 served four years in the business in Schleswig City. He then went 
 to Flensberg, and clerked one year in a large house, and then came 
 to America, landing in New York in December, 1 863. From there 
 he went to Racine, Wis., and clerked for nearly one year, when he 
 concluded that he could do better in Chicago, but failing there he 
 moved to St. Louis, and there enlisted for one year in Co. " K " of 
 the 41st regiment Mo. Vols. At the expiration of his term of 
 enlistment he was mustered out. He then clerked for several 
 months in St. Louis, then came to West Belleville, and engaged 
 to clerk for Mr. Weissenborn, and continued with him for nearly 
 
 two years. Then in connection with a man by the name of 
 Muehlhausen started business for himself The firm continued for 
 eight years, when Mr. Lorenzen bought out his partner, built a 
 fine brick business house, and from that time to the present has 
 been conducting the business with great success. His store is well 
 stocked, and supplied with everything in the line of his trade, and 
 he does an extensive business, particularly iu high explosive pow- 
 ders, used for blasting purposes. la fuse-powder and niiaers' su]:!- 
 plies he does a large business, and supplies the country for many 
 miles around. On the 26th of April, 1870, he was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Margaret Benk, a native of Woerrstadt, Germany. 
 She was a resident of West Belleville at the time of her marriage. 
 He is a member of the ancient order of Freemasonry, and belongs 
 to St. Clair Lodge, No. 24. He is also a Knight of Pythias, of 
 Cavalier Lo<lge No. 49, and is Sir Knight Commander of the 
 Uniform. Eank of Belltville Division, No. 6. 
 
 Politically he is a republican. He is a member of the Board 
 of Eilucation, and takes an active part iu educational interests. 
 This, in brief, is a sketch of one of West Belleville's most enter- 
 prising and i)rominent business men. 
 
 "^ 
 
236 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 Is a native of Prussia, and was born March V2l\\, 1845. lie 
 received a liberal education in the schools and f^ymnasiuuis of his 
 native country. He was a soldier in the army during the troubles 
 of Austria and Bavaria. In 1866 he emigrated to America, and 
 came direct to Belleville, and here formed a partnership in the 
 liquor business with Louis Bartel, in the wholesale trade. He 
 continued in the trade until 1872, when he returned to Germany, 
 
 and remained there until 1874, when be came back to Belleville, 
 and l)()U^dlt out a stationery and general notion store, and engaged 
 also in bookbinding of all kinds, in which he still continues. 
 
 Mr. Pitthan is one of the substantial business men of Belleville, 
 and as such enjoys the confidence and esteem of the entire com- 
 munitv. 
 
HISTORY OF BT. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 237 
 
 JAMES A. WILLOUGHBY. 
 
 The Willoughby family is of English ancestry on the paternal, 
 and on the maternal Scotch-Irish. His father, William E. Wil- 
 loughby, was born in Delaware in 1824. He came with his father, 
 whose name was also William, to Illinois in 1835, and settled in 
 the American Bottom, St. Clair county, Illinois, near Collinsville, 
 where he died. William E., the father of James A., was yet in 
 his boyhood, when the family came to Illinois. Here he grew to 
 manhood, and married a Miss Penn. She died without issue. In 
 1852 he married Mary Moore, a native of St. Clair county. Her 
 father, William Moore, was a native of Georgia, and her mother 
 was an Alexander, and native of Pennsylvania. Both Mr. Wil- 
 loughby and wife are yet living, and are residents of Lebanon, where 
 they removed in 1873. By this latter union there are four chil- 
 dren. James A-, the subject of this sketch, is the second in the 
 family. He was born May 2d, 1855, on Looking Glass Prairie, 
 St. Clair county, Illinois. He was educated in the common schools. 
 After his father removed to Lebanon, he entered the McKendree 
 College, taking the scientific course, and graduated in the class of 
 1874. In the fall of the same year, he entered the Law Department of 
 the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. He remained there until 
 the end of the term. In the summer of 1875, he read law at home, 
 and in the fall returned to Ann Arbor, and graduated in March, 
 1876. He then entered the law office of Noetling and Halbert, of 
 Belleville, and remained there a few months. His graduation 
 from the law school at Ana Arbor, admitted him to practice in the 
 courts of Michigan. Upon motion, he was admitted to practice in 
 the courts of Illinois in June, 1876. He returned to Lebanon, and 
 engaged in the drug business, in which he continued for four years. 
 In the summer of 1880, he was nominated by the republican party 
 for the office of Recorder, the first in the county ; and at the elec- 
 tion in the following November was triumphantly elected, and is 
 now serving the people in that capacity. 
 
 Politically, he has always been a Republican. He is an honored 
 member of the ancient and honorable order of Freemasonry, and 
 belongs to Lebanon Lodge, No. 110. He is not a member of any 
 church organization, but on the contrary, is rather liberal in his 
 belief. Mr. Willoughby is comparatively a young man, but so far 
 has been quite successful. He possesses the full confidence of his 
 party and friends, who know him well ; and all accord him a first 
 class reputation as a business man, and man of honor and integrity. 
 
 JOHN ADAM 8TAUDER 
 
 Was born on the Rhine, Bavaria, March 18, 1828. John W. 
 Stauder, his father, was a contractor and builder in Germany. He 
 there married Mary Brown. In the winter of 1835 he left Ger- 
 many, and after a long voyage landed in New York, and came west, 
 traveling by canals and boats to Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis, 
 and from the latter place to Belleville. They stopped with an uncle 
 two weeks, and then Mr. Stauder went to Kaskaskia and bought 
 eighty acres of government land in Dutch Hollow. It was timber 
 land, unimproved. They built a log-house, and lived there two 
 years ; then moved to Belleville. Here he followed brick-laying, 
 building, teaming, and hauling freight to and from St. Louis, in which 
 he continued until his death in 1858. His wife survived him two 
 years. There were five children in the family, two sons and three 
 daughters. Michael, the youngest son, died in his sixteenth year. 
 The others are living, and all have families. The subject of the 
 present sketch had but little chances to go to school. The family 
 was poor, and he had to help support them and himself, and there- 
 
 fore found no time for schooling. He remained at home, assisting his 
 father until he was twenty-five years of age. He and his father were 
 in the transfer business, and he drove the team and did much of the 
 hauling. After the railroad was finished to St. Louis, it broke up 
 his teaming. He then eilgaged in the grocery business, and opened 
 a hotel and wagon yard on Illinois street. In 1865, he purchased 
 property on the south-west corner of Main and Ray street, where he 
 opened a large boarding-house, saloon, and also engaged in the 
 grocery and provision trade, in which he has continued to the present. 
 In 1853, he married Margaret Muchbaucher. She died two years 
 later. By this marriage there is one son, named John W. Stauder. 
 In 1858, he married his present wife, by whom he has five children 
 living. Their names are Jacob, Mary, Katie, Adam and Joseph 
 Stauder. The family are members of the Catholic church. Poli- 
 tically he is a democrat, but was originally a republican, and sup- 
 ported Lincoln for two terms. He has been reasonably successful 
 in life, although he has had many reverses and much bad luck. His 
 kind-heartedness has led him to go security for friends who have 
 left him to pay their debts. He is an old settler in this county, and 
 among the old people is much respected for his worth as a man and 
 citizen. 
 
 LEONHARD LEBKUECHER 
 Is a native of Nassau, Germany, and was born April 9th, 1851. His 
 father, Adam Lebkuecher, was a native of the same place. He was 
 born April 1st, 1816. He was actively engaged in merchandising, 
 and held the position of collector in his native country. He mar- 
 ried Eva Hahn, who was born in Nassau Aug. 27, 1823. The 
 family emigrated to America in November, 1851, with his^wife and 
 E)ur children. He first settled in Louisville, Ky., where he re- 
 mained two years, then went to New Albany, iu Indiana, and two 
 years later came to Belleville, Illinois. Here he remained until 
 his death, which took place May 22, 1864. He was the inventor 
 and manufacturer of a patent axle grease, which came into general 
 use before his death, at which time also he was a city officer. His 
 wife still survives him, and is a resident, with her children, of Belle- 
 ville, Illinois. By his marriage there were eight children — three 
 sons and five daughters. Their name3 are: Anna, who was born 
 March 30th, 1845. She is the wife of Henry Jenks, now a resident 
 of St. Louis ; Felicitas, born Nov. 20th, 1846, a resident of Belle- 
 ville, and engaged iu the millinery business ; Eliza, born May 7th, 
 1849, who married Philip Mause, now deceased. She is now the 
 wife of John Rinck, foreman in Harrison's machine shop ; Leonhard, 
 the subject of this sketch ; Frank, born April 16, 1853, at New Al- 
 bany, Indiana, and married iu Ithaca, New York, Dec. 9th, 1872, 
 to Miss Catharine Green, of Lanesboro, Mass., and in business in 
 Belleville since 1880; John, born Jan. 17, 1856, died Jan. 25, 1870 
 Emma, born June 8th, 1859; Helena, born March 10, 1861. 
 Leonhard, of whom we write, was apprenticed to the trade of 
 tinsmith at the age of fifteen years, and served three years, then 
 went to St. Louis and worked at the trade for three years as a 
 journeyman, when he came back to Belleville, and in 1872, in con- 
 nection with Jacob Hoerr, started in the tinning business. The 
 partnership was dissolved in 1874, since which time Mr. Lebkue- 
 cher has conducted the business alone, in which he has been 
 very successful. On the 8th of February, 1875, he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Eliza Karr, youngest daughter of Peter Karr, of 
 West Belleville. Mrs. Lebkuecher was bora in West Belleville. 
 Peter Karr was born in Deidesheim, Germany, Feb. 2d, 1809, and 
 emigrated to America and settled in St. Clair county iu 1837. 
 He was for many years in the grocery and dry goods business, in 
 
238 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUMTT, ILLINOIS. 
 
 West Belleville. He subsequently retired and went into the wine 
 business. He amassed a fortune, and retired from the business in 
 1867, and died December 24, 1878. During life he was a prominent 
 man, and held various positions of honor and trust under the city 
 government He married Abaloma Eschenfelder. Mrs. Lebkue- 
 cher is the fifth child of that marriage. Only two of the children 
 are living. Lena, Mrs. Lsbkuecher's sister is the wife of George 
 Rice. By the marriage of Leonhard and Eliza Lebkuecher there 
 were three children born to them, two of whom are living. Their 
 names in the order of their birth are Peter Leonhard, who was born 
 Nov. 10, 1876, and Lena Abaloma, born July 2, 1877. Both he 
 and his wife are members of the Catholic Church, and he is also a 
 member of the Catholic Knights of America. In politics he votes 
 the democratic ticket, but takes no further part than to exercise 
 the right of suffrage. He is one of the enterprising merchants of 
 Belleville, and consequently has a large patronage. In his deal- 
 ings with mankind he is just and honorable, and conducfs his busi- 
 ness on the basis of doing right and dealing fairly with all who 
 honor him with their trade and custom. He started in business 
 unaided. His whole capital consisted of his knowledge of the busi- 
 ness, his industry, and a large share of good common sense, with 
 which to back him up. It is with pleasure we here introduce 
 him, and a fine lithographic view of his business house, to be found 
 on another page of this work, to the people of St. Clair county. 
 
 MICHAEL RIES. 
 
 The subject of the following sketch was born in the province of 
 Nassau, Germany, Nov. 5, 1831. Valentine Ries,his father, was a 
 shoemaker by trade, but also engaged in farming, trading, etc. In 
 1846 he came to America, and settled in St. Louis, and remained 
 there until the fall of 1857, when he removed to Shakopee, Minne- 
 sota, and died there in 1874. He married Catherine Friehaut. 
 She died in Minnesota in the fall of 1867. By this marriage there 
 are nine children, six sons and three daughters. Valentine, a 
 builder and contractor, and resident of Belleville, is the eldest son. 
 Soon after the family came to St. Louis, Valentine Ries, the father, 
 made shoes, in which he was assisted by his sous. He afterwards 
 went into the lumber business, and his sons became interested with 
 him. In 1867 he went to Minnesota, and Michael took charge of 
 the business in St. Louis. The latter continued there until 1862, 
 when he sold out and came to Belleville, and here formed a part- 
 nership in the lumber business, which continued until 1866, 
 when he formed a partnership with his brother Henry in the 
 same business, which continues to the present. The firm of M. & 
 H. Ries is one of the oldest and mast successful in the city of Belle- 
 ville. On the 13th of May, 1856, Michael was joined in holy wed- 
 lock to Miss Abaloma Eberle, a native of Germany, but a resident 
 of St. Louis at the time of her marriage. By this marriage there 
 are five children, two sons and three daughters. Both he and his 
 wife are members of the Catholic church. Henry Ries married 
 Elizabeth Kissell, July 24th, 1866. She was born and reared in 
 Belleville. By this union there are eight children, five sons and 
 three daughters. He and his wife are also members of the Catholic 
 Church. Henry has been engaged in the lumber business for many 
 years in St. Louis, Minnesota, and in Belleville, where he has re- 
 sided since 1866. Both are members of the democratic party, but 
 take little interest further than to express their preference by the 
 right of ballot. The Ries Brothers rank among the best business 
 men of Belleville, and the firm, for probity of character and honor- 
 
 able dealing, stands high iu the estimation of the people of St. Qair 
 county. 
 
 Valentine Ries, the elder brother, of whom mention is made 
 above, has been a resident of Belleville since 1872. In 1853 he 
 married Josephine Abafaeld, a native of Poland, but a resident of 
 St. Louis at the time of her marriage. Eight children have been 
 born to them. 
 
 LOUIS GRANER. 
 
 George F. Graner, the father of the subject of the present 
 sketch, was a native of Hesse Cassel, Germany. He emigrated to 
 America in 1848, and settled in Belleville, in St. Clair county, 
 Illinois, where he resided until his death, in 1875. He was a civil 
 engineer, and followed that profession in his native country and 
 after he came to America. In 1856 he was elected County Sur- 
 veyor, and held the office for two terms. The Belleville and 
 Mascoutah, and Belleville and Westfield plank-roads were laid 
 out by him. He married Louisa Joerg, a native of Saxony. She 
 died in July, 1880. Her father, Johan Godfrey Joerg, came to 
 America prior to Mr. Graner. Louis Graner is the only oflTspring 
 of that marriage. He was born in St. Clair county, Illinois, Feb. 
 12th, 1853. He received his education in the public schools of 
 Belleville, and studied surveying and civil engineering under his 
 father. His first work was as rodman, on the Cairo short line 
 railroad during the time of its construction. Then next on the 
 O'Fallon road, and next as assistant engineer on the Cairo and 
 Vincennes. He had charge of the Illinois and St. Louis road as 
 engineer. From there he went to Kansas, where he surveyed the 
 route for the contemplated Mill Creek and Council Grove railroad. 
 In 1872 he returned to Belleville, and was appointed city engineer. 
 In 1877 he was elected county surveyor, to fill the vacancy caused 
 by the resignation of C. F. Hilgard, and in 1879 he was nominated 
 and elected for the full term. 
 
 On the 28th of May, 1876, he married Miss Augusta Meyer, of 
 St. Louis, Mo., but a resident of Waubansie, Kansas, at the time 
 of her marriage. This marriage has been productive of three 
 children. Politically Mr. Graner is an unswerving democrat. His 
 first vote for president was cast for Tilden, in 1876. He is a mem- 
 ber of the beneficiary order of Knights of Honor, and also of 
 some of the German societies of Belleville, which are organized 
 for social, musical and other purposes. 
 
 H. A. HEINEMAN 
 Was born in Olden berg, Germany, November 12, 1837. At the 
 age of fourteen he was apprenticed to the butcher business and 
 served a full apprenticeship. In 1859 he left home and came to 
 America, landing in New York in August of the same year, where 
 he remained working at his trade until 1861, when the war broke 
 out. He then enlisted under the first call of 300,000 troops for 
 three years of service. He entered Co. " F » of the 54th Regiment 
 New York Vols. He was in the service nearly one year when he 
 was discharged from physical disability. He returned to New 
 York and remained there until August, 1864, when he came west 
 m search of a location. He finally settled in Belleville, and in 
 December following opened a butcher shop, and has carried on the 
 busmess to the present time. On the Uth of December 1864 he 
 married Miss Caroline Huber, a native of Germany, on the river 
 Rhine. Her father, Philip Huber, came here when she was but 
 seven years of age. There are six children by this marriage. Mr 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 239 
 
 an active i t ^^^"^ ^^""^ successful as a butcher. He also takes 
 cjL_ °^'"®®' 111 the improvement of stock. t„ ii.„ x^.x o^-.i. 
 
 In the Fat Stock 
 
 Heinem; 
 an activ 
 
 Shows of c7'"'',?'f""P'"' 
 
 times been i a"" !. ' **^^" * prominent part, and has several 
 
 committee a^ awarded premiums, and has also been on the 
 
 good citizens o^BeUrv^lle.^" ^ ""' °^ '^^ "'''"^^^' ^"^'''^^^^ ^'^'^ 
 FRED. E. SCHEEL. 
 
 Bavaria, and who emigrated to America in June, 1833 He re 
 ceived private instruction until he was thirteen years of age when 
 he entered the Wyman High School of St. Louis. He then went 
 to Germany, where he received private tuition for one year and a 
 half; then returned to St. Louis, where he entered the Washington 
 University, and was in his sophomore year when the war broke out. 
 He promptly laid aside his books, and with patriotic devotion en- 
 listed for three years, in Co. "A," of the famous 9th regiment 
 Illinois Vols., one of the historic regiments of the war. He re- 
 mained with the regiment, and participated with it in the various 
 battles and skirmishes until the battle of Pittsburg Landing, April, 
 1862, when he was wounded in the right ankle, the ball shattering 
 the joint He returned home, and remained here until the wound 
 healed. At the time of the battle he was second lieutenant of 
 Co. ■' D," having passed through all the grades to that position. 
 He resigned his lieutenancy when he came home. After he was 
 convalescent he returned to the army, and was assigned to duty on 
 the staff of Col. Morton, of the 81st Ohio, who was in command 
 of the Brigade. The service, however, was too severe for his en- 
 feebled condition, and he quit the service and returned to Belleville 
 in May, 1863. He entered the office of the Circuit Clerk and was 
 made deputy, and remained in this office three years. During that 
 time he read law under the direction of Governor Koerner, and 
 later under Hon. John B. Hay. At the October term of the 
 Supreme Court, (1866), at Mount Vernon, he was admitted to the 
 bar. In 1867 he was appointed by Governor Oglesby a member 
 of the newly-established State Board of Equalization, representing 
 the counties of St. Clair and Madison. He also was appointed 
 Deputy Assessor of Internal Revenue, under General Kueffner. 
 In 1871 he opened an office and commenced the practice of law. 
 In 1872 he became identified with the Liberal Republican move- 
 ment, and the same time commenced the publication of the Stern 
 des Westens, a German newspaper ; to the influence of which, in a 
 measure, the remarkable change in the political condition of St. 
 Clair county is due. He continued the publication until 1877, 
 when he went back to the practice of law. At the September 
 term of the Circuit Court (1879) he was appointed Master in 
 Chancery by Judge W. H Snyder, a position he still holds. He 
 was a republican until 1872, since which time he has, in all na- 
 tional and state elections, voted for the nominees of the demo- 
 cratic party. 
 
 On the 14th of September, 1864, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Josephine A. Kircher, a native of Cass county, Illinois. Her 
 father, Joseph Kircher, is a native of Germany, and emigrated to 
 Illinois in 1832, and came to Belleville in 1849, where he engaged 
 in business, and where he still continues to reside. By the mar- 
 riage of Fred. E. and Josephine A. Scheel, there are three daughters. 
 Personally and socially Mr. Scheel has most excellent qualities, 
 generous to a fault ; a genial and entertaining friend, a most excel- 
 lent companion, loyal in his friendships ; he is a fair representative 
 f the true German character. 
 
 JAMES W. McCULLOUGH 
 
 Is a native of Lincoln county, Missouri, bom September 4th, 
 1843. His grandfather was a native of Scotland. He emigrated 
 to America, and settled in Pennsylvania, where George McCul- 
 lough, the father of James VV"., was born. He went south, to Mis- 
 sissippi, where he married Louisa Pepper. He afterward removed 
 to St. Louis, Mo , then to Troy, Lincoln county, where our subject 
 was born. He subsequently located in Florrissant, in St Louis 
 county, where he remained until his death, in 1849. His wife still 
 survives him, and is a resident of Belleville. There are two chil- 
 dren living by this union, a daughter, Louisa, who is the wife of 
 Dr. R. D. Valentine, a resident physician of Canton, 111., and 
 James W., of whom we write. The mother removed to Belleville 
 in March, 1852. James W. received his education in the public 
 schools of Belleville, and in the Christian Brothers' Academy, in 
 St. Louis. He spent two years in the latter. He then commenced 
 the express business in the office of J. P. Majors, who was operating 
 a line from Belleville to St Louis, via the Cairo Short Line. In 
 1867 he bought a half interest in the line, and, soon after, other 
 parties bought Majors' remaining interest, and, together, Mr. Mc- 
 Cullough and his partner operated the line until the railroad was 
 finished to Du Quoin, when they sold out to Adams Express Com- 
 pany. Mr. McCullough was then appointed agent for the company, 
 and he has retained that position until the present, with the excep- 
 tion of a short time when engaged in other business. From 1873 
 to 1876 he was book-keeper in the Belleville Nail Mills, but also 
 had charge of the office. On the 25th of December, 1868, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Callie E. Lorch, of Springfield, Illinois, 
 By this union there are five children living. The eldest. Amy, 
 died in November, 1877, in her ninth year. His estimable wife is 
 a member of the Episcopal church. He is a member of the bene^ 
 ficiary order of A. 0. U. W., and, at present, is Master Workman. 
 Politically, he is a democrat. In 1879 he was elected City Clerk, 
 and re-elected in 1881, and, is now attending to the duties of 
 the office in a manner that gives complete satisfaction to the 
 citizens of Belleville. Mr. McCullough is a thorough business man, 
 and entirely reliable and trustworthy, and possesses the confidence 
 of his employers and the entire community. 
 
 ROBERT D. W. HOLDER 
 
 Was born in Jefferson county, Illinois, February 22d, 1847. His- 
 parents were natives of Tenneesee, but emigrated to Illinois at 
 an early day, and settled in Jefferson county. His father was a 
 soldier in the Mexican war, and was Second Lieutenant of a com- 
 pany. He contracted camp fever, and died while in the service, 
 in 1848. Mr. Holder's mother's maiden name was Cook. Her 
 parents came to Illinois in 1822, and settled in Jefferson county. 
 
 Mr. Holder received his early educational training in the com- 
 mon schools of his native county. His opportunities were none of 
 the best. After he could master the intricacies of the three •' R's," 
 he reported to teaching, in order to obtain means and enable him 
 to educate himself. At an early age he had determined to adopt 
 the profession of law, as the business of his life, and therefore it 
 was necessary to obtain a good educational foundation whereupon 
 to build the future legal structure. By teaching and studying, he 
 managed to prepare himself for entrance to McKendree College, at 
 Lebanon, Illinois, where he remained one year. His means having 
 been exhausted he resumed teaching, and continued in that profes- 
 sion for three years. During vacation in the summer months, he 
 read the standard text books on law ; first in the office with Judge 
 
240 
 
 EIST0B7 OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 White, and afterward in the office and under the direction of Hon. 
 F. A. Lietzel of Carlyle, Illinois. In the fall of 1872, he entered 
 the Law Department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, 
 and remained there two terms, and was graduated from that insti- 
 tution in the spring of 1874. By his diploma from the University 
 he was entitled to practice in the courts of Michigan. He came 
 here, and upon motion was admitted to the bar in the courts of 
 Illinois. lu July, 1875, he opened an office and commenced the 
 practice in Mascoutah, St. Clair county, where he remained until 
 February, 1877, when he came to Belleville, and here he has con- 
 tinued in the profession until the present time. In the summer of 
 1880, he received the nomination of State's Attorney, at the hands 
 of the democratic party in convention assembled, and November 
 following was elected by a majority in excess of his party vote. As 
 a public prosecutor, Mr. Holder lacks only experience, which will 
 come, and of which he will have sufficient before his term of office 
 expires ; when we predict for him a brilliant reputation as a 
 vigilant and able prosecutor. * 
 
 Politically, he has always voted the democratic ticket, and has 
 taken an active part in furthering the interests of that political 
 organization. 
 
 On the 23d of August, 1877, he was happily united in marriage 
 to Miss Anna E. Barth, a native of St. Clair county, and daughter 
 of John Barth. This union has been blessed by one child, named 
 Jessie May Holder. 
 
 Mr. Holder is comparatively a new citizen of Belleville, but since 
 his residence here he has established a reputation as a strictly 
 honorable man, in all the relations of business life. Socially and 
 personally he has many friends. 
 
 SEBASTIAN FIETSAM 
 
 Is a native of the province of Nassau, Prussia. He was born Dec. 
 29, 1818. He was in his younger years engaged in clerking and 
 mercantile pursuits until 1845, when he emigrated to America, and 
 settled in Huntingdon county, Pa., and afterwards lived in Mercer 
 county. He then went into the cooper business, and remained so 
 engaged until 1849, when he came to St. Clair county. 111., where 
 he lived to the present time. Here he first engaged in farming, in 
 which he continued for a few years ; then went to Fay e tteville, in this 
 county, and embarked in general merchandizing, in which he re- 
 mained two-and-a half years, when a fire destroyed his house and 
 all his goods. He then came to Belleville, and here clerked and 
 kept books until 1861, when he was appointed deputy clerk in the 
 county clerk's office. He remained in that capacity for four years, 
 when he opened a book and stationery store, and carried on that 
 business until 1867, when he was called back to take the po.ition of 
 deputy in the clerk's office. He filled the position until 1869, when 
 he was nominated by the republican partj' for the office of county 
 clerk and elected, and served until 1873. In the same year Mr. 
 Kupp, owner of the Belleville Zeitung, died. Mr. Fietsam bought 
 the office and fixtures, and soon afterwards sold a half interest to 
 
 Mr. Semmelroth, and together they continued the publication of the 
 paper until June, 1880, when he sold out to Mr. Hienfelden. In 
 1874 he commenced the compilation of a set df abstract records un- 
 der the AValton system, which were, when completed, the most 
 complete set of records in the county. Since he quit the newspaper 
 he has given all of his time to the abstract business. Politically, he 
 was originally a dtmocrat, but, when the republican party was 
 formed, he joined its ranks, and has acted with it to the present time. 
 On the 26th of November, 1857, he married Sophia Dauth, who 
 was of German parentage, but a native of St. Clair county. She 
 died, leaving three children. On the 8th of September, 1864, he 
 married Louisa Dauth, by which union there are two children. All 
 of them are yet beneath the parental roof. Mr. Fietsam's father 
 came to America in 1850, and died here. In the family there were 
 eleven sons and one daughter. Sebastian is the eldest and smallest 
 in physical frame in the family ; the others were large-framed men. 
 Five of his brothers went to Texas, where four of them died from 
 yellow fever. 
 
 HARTMANN BEOTHERS. 
 
 The enterprising firm of Hartmann Bros, deserve mention among 
 the prominent citizens of Belleville. Tbey are natives of Hanover, 
 Germany. Hubert Hartmann emigrated to America in 1847. Soon 
 after he came to Belleville, and engaged in the drug business. 
 In 1868 he embarked in the brewing business, and in 1871 his 
 brother was taken into partnership in the business. Bernhard 
 Hartmann came. to this country, and direct to Belleville, in 1867. 
 He engaged in the grocery and provision trade. He was a wide- 
 awake, enterprising German, and introduced a new system into the 
 business, and soon built up a large trade. 
 
 As intimated above, he joined his brother in the brewing business 
 in 1871, and infused the same life and vigor into that business as 
 he had in the one that he had abandoned. The business kept in- 
 creasing, and calls were made for " Star " beer to such an extent 
 that in 1877, in order to place it in reach of more customers, they 
 commenced to bottle it. Their " Star Beer Bottling " establish- 
 ment is now one of the institutions of Belleville. They ship each 
 day as much as 200 cases, and it is sold largely throughout south- 
 ern Illinois and Missouri. Messrs. Wulfing, Diekreide & Co., of 
 St. Louis, one of the largest grocery houses in that city, are the 
 sole agents, and take all that the Hartmann Bros, can manufac- 
 ture. 
 
 The names of the officers are: Hubert and Bernhardt Hartmann, 
 proprietors ; Adolph Reidiger, superintendent ; Robert Bethmann, 
 general agent; H. MoUer, superintendent of office; Hermann 
 Schneidwind, superintendent of bottling establishment. When the 
 Hartmann Bros, first took hold of the brewery they sold from five 
 to six thousand barrels; now their sales reach thirty thousand bar- 
 rels annually. This is the best evidence of the popularity of their 
 beer over other manufacturers, and it also shows that they are go- 
 ahead business men. 
 
Farm Res/oeince of DAVID OGL£:,SgcJ ,T. /J^ p^^ 
 
„'J.V,.U„^,iiV^v^. 
 
 'vT55**?5?iSf5^!»SB^^;;:^'^^ra5^S;:^5t^ 
 
 P!l*5P*i^'My<*i(!(^;5»> 
 
 
 R.S,(BE:Lm.v; llePr E.CI nct) St.Clair Co, Illinois. 
 
SHILOH PRECINCT. 
 
 — ^!a-<§-*"?>-e^f— 
 
 I HIS Precinct is located in the northern part of 
 Tp. IN., R. Y W., and contains fifteen whole 
 and three fractional sections, on the east side. 
 It is bounded on the north by O'Fallon and 
 Lebanon, on the east by Lebanon and Mascou- 
 tah, on the south by Mascoutah and Belleville, 
 and on the west by Belleville Precinct. Silver 
 creek, which forms the eastern boundary line, 
 and its affluents, drain the lands and furnish an abundant supply 
 of water for stock purposes. There is considerable good timber 
 along the borders of the various streams, much of which is annually 
 sawed into lumber by local mills. The surface is generally rolling, 
 but along the streams it is broken and in many places quite rugged. 
 The most of the prairie land in this precinct is included in what 
 has been known for a number of years as Shiloh valley. This 
 valley contains some of the finest improved farms in the county, 
 and the soil is famous for its fertility. The principal product is 
 wheat, which yields large crops annually. 
 
 Shiloh was a very early settled portion of the county. There 
 were, no doubt, families here a short time prior to 1800, but at this 
 late date we are able to give only the parties who became perma- 
 nent settlers. Many of those old pioneers located in various parts 
 of the country, but so soon as others began settling around them, 
 they would sell out their claims and move farther into the wilder- 
 ness. It would, indeed, be a difficult matter to determine who was 
 the first settler. No doubt, the Scotts were the first permanent 
 settlers, as they located here in 1802. They were sons of William 
 Scott, who located on Turkey Hill in the fall of 1797, and were 
 amongthe very first American families in whatis-nowSt. Clair county. 
 They were all natives of the " old dominion," and all came to this state 
 with their father. He had six sous and one daughter, viz. : James, 
 born August 15, 1772 ; William, born October 26, 1774 ; Samuel, born 
 August 2, 1777 ; Elizabeth, born July 7, 1778 ; Joseph, born Sep- 
 tember 14, 1781 ; John, born January 10, 1784, and Alexander, 
 born November 25, 178.6. Elizabeth was married to John Jarvis, 
 who came with the family in wagons to Illinois. They floated 
 down the Ohio river to Fort Massacre, and from there traveled 
 overland through southern Illinois, and located first at New Design. 
 They remained there, however, but a few months, when in the fall 
 of 1797 they settled on Turkey Hill in this county, where Mr. 
 Scott, with the assistance of his sons, made a large farm. A more 
 extended sketch of Mr. Scott may be seen in the Pioneer chapter of 
 this work, as in this precinct only those who settled here can be 
 mentioned . 
 
 James Scott married Sarah Teter soon after he came to Illinois^ 
 and in 1802 settled in what is now Shiloh precinct, just south of 
 the village of Shiloh, on the place now owned by his youngest son 
 Philip. Here he erected a log cabin and began farming, which 
 occupation he always followed, and where he always continued to 
 reside. He was a natural mechanic, and adopted the trade of 
 a cabinet maker, which he learned without any instruction, and fol- 
 lowed together with farming. His children were : Mary, William, 
 Franklin, Sarah, Madison, Zeno and Philip. They were all mar- 
 31 
 
 ried and have descendants living. Zeno and Madison, who resided 
 in Lebanon, and Philip, who lives on the old homestead, are all of 
 the family now living. 
 
 William and Samuel Scott, sons of William Scott, settled about 
 a half mile west of Shiloh village, at a very early date. William 
 married Mississippi, a daughter of Judge William Biggs, by whom 
 he had a large family : Nancy ; George, who was wounded in the 
 hand and crippled for life in the Black Hawk war ; William, de- 
 ceased ; Margaret, deceased ; Whitfield, who resided in O'Fallon 
 precinct, and Washington, who died on the way to California, were 
 all of their children that grew up. William Scott died in 1835 ; 
 Samuel married Nancy, also a daughter of Judge William Biggs, 
 and reared a family. His son Benjamin had his head cut off by 
 the Indians in 1832, in the Black Hawk war ; William died in 
 Missouri ; John Milton, who is now Supreme Judge in this state, 
 resides at Bloomington ; Harrison, deceased ; James resides at 
 Belleville ; his daughters, Elizabeth, Sarah and Margaret are dead. 
 
 Joseph, also son of grandfather William Scott, married Nancy Har- 
 rison, a niece of Gen. Harrison, of Ohio. She came to Illinois with her 
 parents about 1800, and located at New Design. Mr. Scott settled 
 two miles south of the village of Shiloh, on Sec. 17, about 1805. In 
 1809' he erected a small grist and powder mill on a branch of Silver 
 creek, running through his place. It was- a log building, and was pro- 
 pelled by an undershot water-wheel. For a number of years he con- 
 tinued the manufacture of a fine quality of powder. He procured 
 the nitre in the caves on the Gasconade river, in Missouri, in the 
 winter months, with but one companion, Joseph Dixon, when the 
 whole country was filled with hostile Indians. This was undoubt- 
 edly the first powder mill in the state. Mr. Scott furnished the 
 rangers, and hunters and sporting men of St. Louis with powder, 
 but never sold it to the Indians. In 1828 he erected a wool 
 carding machine in Belleville, the first in the place, which he suc- 
 cessfully operated for several years. He became a resident of 
 Belleville in 1838, and in this place served as justice of the peace 
 for over twelve years. In his latter days he lived on the old home- 
 stead in Shiloh, where he died, iabout 1866, mourned by a large 
 family and a host of friends. He was a man possessed of excellent 
 judgment and good business qualities ; honest and fair in all his 
 dealings. Few men in his day were more enterprising and indus- 
 trious than Mr. Scott. In politics he was a whig, and a zealous 
 anti-slavery advocate. He raised quite a large family : Mary, married 
 James Park, died, and left two children ; Felix married Nicey, a 
 daughter of Gen. James B. Moore ; he was born and grew to man- 
 hood on his father's place, where he continued to reside until 1878. 
 He is now a resident, of Belleville, in the 74th year of his 
 age. Mr. Scott has lived an active and industrious life, and 
 is among the aged and respected citizens of St. Clair county. 
 Thomas died while young ; Isaac died a few years ago, leaving a 
 small family ; Joseph lives in Arkansas, and Elizabeth, Sarah and 
 Elias are also deceased; William died in 1840. 
 
 Alexander and John, sons of William Scolt, always lived in Belle- 
 ville precinct, where they died and left large families. 
 
 A family of Jourdens settled the widow James Pierce's place 
 
 241 
 
242 
 
 EI8T0RY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 at a very early date, and built a fort. It was a strong block- 
 house, enclosed with a palisade. They afterwards sold out to Silas 
 Bankson, and he in turn sold to Daniel Pierce. 
 
 Joseph Dixon settled near the village of Shiloh as early as 1806. 
 Dixon was a great hunter, and frequently made long trips, and re- 
 turned laden with p3Uries. Oa one of these trips, in northern 
 Missouri, he was robbed of his furs by a band of Indians. He 
 subsequently moved to Sangamon county in this state. William 
 Adams settled in this precinct as early as 1806. He was a black- 
 smith, and had a shop here at a very early day. A number of 
 his descendants are now residing in the county. Hugh and Wil- 
 liam Alexander settled a little soath-west of the village of Shiloh 
 in 1811, and several of their descendants are among the respected 
 citizens of the county. About the same time David Everett settled 
 the place where Ira Manville now resides. He subsequently moved 
 to Ottawa, in this state. Matthew Cox came about the same date. 
 He was a son-in-law of Judge William Biggs ; he remained here 
 but a short time. The Calbreaths' two cousins, both named Wil- 
 liam, and John Middlecoff, settled on Silver creek. Joseph Griffen, 
 Sen., purchased the Calbreath place, and it is now owned by his 
 son, Joseph GrifTen. James McCann, Henry Isballs, Josiah Haw- 
 kins, with a large family ; the Prentices, with a large family of 
 sons ; Deacon Crocker, William Moore, Benjamin Watts, whose 
 descendants are numerous in southern Illinois, and Walter West- 
 field, who had a large family, some of whom are living in this 
 vicinity, were all early settlers in this neighborhood. Daniel 
 1 ierce, a native of Pennsylvania, located on Sec. 8 in the spring of 
 1814. He had a family of seven children, only two of whom are 
 DOW living in this county, viz. : Juliette A. Pierce and Hiram A., 
 who resides on the old homestead and is one of the prominent 
 farmers of the community. Daniel Pierce died in 1846. 
 
 Ira Manville was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, Nov 
 23, 1795, and came with his father, Ira Manville, to this state in 
 1810. His father lived for six years in Kaskaskia, when he 
 moved and settled six miles south of Athens, on the Kaskaskia 
 river. At this point he kept a ferry until his death in 1821. The 
 grandfather of the subject of this sketch was murdered at the 
 Wyoming valley massacre, where a monument has been erected 
 to their memory. In 1822 Mr. Manville settled in this pre- 
 cinct, on the place where he now resides. He served in the war of 
 1812, under Capt. Absalom Cox. He is now eighty-six years of 
 age, and is still hearty and intelligent, and delights in telling 
 stories of the pioneer days. When he settled here in 1822, he 
 states that the following families lived in this neighborhood : Robert 
 Hughes, David, Hugh and William Alexander, James McCann, 
 Robert and James Thomas, Josiah Hawkins, the Calbreaths, Louis 
 Laramie, David Paine, Joseph Land, Ebenezer Harkness, Isaac 
 Swan, Rev. William Moore, Stephen Cooper, the Scotts, Simons 
 and Pickets, Samuel Allen, David Everett, Jesse Walker, David 
 Walker, the father of George Walker, well known in the county ; 
 Joseph Dixon, Ebenezer Allen, an old Revolutionary soldier who 
 was buried here in 1828 ; William Parker, Samuel Tozer, Daniel 
 Pierce, Anthony Thomas, Daniel Wilbanks, Jerry Black, Benjamin 
 Woods, Joshua Winters, James Park, Peter Wright, and perhaps 
 a few other families, lived in what is now Shiloh at that date. 
 
 We show below the land entries in 1814, as copied from the 
 record : James McCann, N. half Sec. 2, 311,00 acres, Sept. 23 ; R. 
 and J. D. Thomas, S. W. quarter Sec. 2, 160 acres, Sept. 30 ; Silas 
 Crane, N. E. quarter Sec. 3, 158 1^ acres, Sept. 23 ; D. Everett and 
 J. Walker, W. half Sec. 3, 320 acres, Sept. 8 ; Hugh Alexander, 
 S. half Sec. 13, 320 acres, Aug. 24 ; Joseph Dixon, N. E. quarter 
 Section 5, September 6 ; Matthew J. Cox, N. W. quarter Section 6, 
 
 147 /o°o acres, Dsc. 21; William Biggs, S. W. quarter Sec. 6, 
 143i*„1, acres, Dae. 24; William Adams, N. E. quarter Sec. 7, 
 145 S acres, Aug. 24 ; James Scott, E. half and S. W. quarter, 480 
 acres in Sec. 8, Sapt. 30 ; Silas Bankson, W. half Sec. 9, 320 acres, 
 Sept. 23; David Alexander, S. W. quarter Sec. 10, 160 acres, Aug. 
 13 ; William Kinney, S. W. quarter Sec. 7, 150i'i!'o acres, Aug. 24. 
 
 The Michel family, who settled at an early date, were the first 
 Gsrmans to locate in this precinct. Henry Knoebel, a native ol 
 Bavaria, Germany, settled in this county in 1833, and resides ou 
 Sec. 3 of this precinct. Peter Weil, also a native of Germany, 
 lives on Sac. 11, and cams to this county in 1837. S. G. Clark, a 
 Tennesseean, cams to St. Clair county in 1831, and resides on Sec. 
 15 of Shiloh. 
 
 The first school-house was erected of logs on the place now owned 
 by H. A. Piercs, just opposite the present Cherry Grove school- 
 house, at a very early date. There was also an early school-house 
 on the present site of the village of Shiloh. Rev. Clark, a Baptist 
 minister, was an early teacher. A post-office was established at 
 Clierry Grovs as early as 1318, and Daniel Wilbanks was the first 
 postmaster. This office was kept at several places in the settle- 
 ment, and at Rock Spring, and in 1845 it was permanently located 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 The first mill was erected by James McCann, on Sec- 2. It was 
 a horse mill, and at one time was quite popular. Hugh Alex- 
 ander had a saw and grist ox mill and a distillery, on Sec. 4. 
 Daniel Piercs also had an ox mill and distillery. These, with 
 Scott's, above msntioned, were the pioneer mills. 
 
 The precinct, including the village of Shiloh, has a population of 
 792, according to the census of 1880. 
 
 VILLAGE OF SHILOH. 
 
 In Rsynolds' Pionser History of Illinois, we find that in the 
 summsr of 1807, Bishop McKendree, whose name has been per- 
 petuated in the Methodist College at Lebanon, was one of the 
 earliest Methodist ministers to preach in this vicinity. He had 
 erected at Shiloh a log meeting-house, which was one of the earliest 
 churches of this denomination in Illinois. He also organized and 
 held a camp-meeting at this point the same year. There have 
 been four churches erected by this denomination on the same spot. 
 The present one is constructed of brick, and is a neat and costly 
 edifice. 
 
 The first house erected in the village proper was by Edwin 
 Pierce, in 1845. It is still standing, just in the rear of the church, 
 and is known as the Gaag house. The next dwelling was built by 
 Robert Dorey. Jacob Canmann erected the first store-house and 
 opened the first stock of goods for sale, in 1845. Andrew Haege 
 erected two or three houses, and his brother Jacob erected a dwell- 
 ing and blacksmith shop about the same date. Jacob Haege was 
 the first blacksmith. A steam saw-mill was erected by Edwin 
 Pierce, Philip Scott and Charles Alexander, about 1847. The vil- 
 lage is located in the north-western part of the precinct, near the 
 O'Fallon line, and was laid out by Martin Stites and James Atkins. 
 
 It has the following business : — 
 
 General Stores — Yaeger & Haase, Henry Friedewald. Hoteh — 
 "Shiloh House," Charles Renner, proprietor ; "Union Hall," John 
 Reppel, proprietor. Blacksmith and Wagon Shop — F. W. Herbst. 
 Shoe Shops — Joseph Ley, H. Kemp. Physician — John Bailey. 
 Postmaster — Henry Friedewald. 
 
 One mile east of the village is situated the saw-mill of Albert C. 
 Reuss & Co. It is a frame building, constructed in 1880; they 
 have steam power ; considerable hard lumber is sawed, and a large 
 stock is constantly kept on hand. 
 
'■ ' I J I ' ^ W' ^WS-A ^^ 
 
 TENANT HOUdB SEC /4. TJN.f?7Y' 
 
 
 Reside NCF- ano Farm Property of CHARLES GRn 
 
I 11 « iL I -i i nm 
 
 ^SJ5?fW!^^5W! 
 
 TENANT HOV3E SeS H3 T-l N R 7 W 
 
 :A/ Esq.-SecI^ [TI.N.R.JWlSHtLOhPREaNCT. St Clair Co. Ill 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 JOSEPH GEIFFEN, (deceased.) 
 
 JAMES PAKK. 
 
 The family from which Joseph Griffen is descended was of 
 Welsh origin, and at an early date came to America, and settled 
 in the State of New York. His father, Jacob Griffen, resided in 
 Duchess County, New York, and in that part of the state was born 
 Joseph Griffen, on the 23d of September, 1796. His birth-place 
 was the town of Clinton in Duchess County. His father afterward 
 moved with the family to Albany County, New York. He secured 
 an ordinary common school education. He left home at the age 
 of nineteen and began life on his own account, without any means 
 on which to rely except his own industry and energy. He went to 
 the western part of New York State, and for about a year was 
 employed on a farm in the vicinity of Kochester. When he 
 reached the age of about twenty-one he determined to strike out 
 for the West and find what opportunities existed in a new country. 
 His first trip to Illinois was made by way of the Ohio river, 
 which he descended in a flat boat. His first stopping place in this 
 State was in the vicinity of Kaskaskia. 
 
 After a couple of years he returned to New York, making the 
 trip in a one-horse wagon. But after remaining in the East a short 
 time he came back to Illinois, making the entire journey on horse- 
 back. When he first cume to Illinois he was employed part of the 
 time in a saw mill at Walnut Hill. He managed to accumulate a 
 little money, and after returning from New York invested his 
 means in a stock of goods which he sold throughout the country, 
 carrying the goods around in a one-horse wagon. In those days 
 stores were scarce to what they are at the present time, and the 
 settlers often found their only opportunity to purchase goods from 
 the itinerant merchants who traveled over the country. In ex- 
 change for his goods he was obliged to take considerable produce, 
 money at that time being a scarce article. He sold this produce, 
 especially large quantities of honey, at advantageous prices, and 
 gradually obtained sufficient money with which to buy land in 
 Horse Prairie in Randolph County. He lived there till his re- 
 moval to St. Clair county. 
 
 243 
 
244 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 Oa comiag hare he first resided on Turkey Hill and there 
 two of his children are now buried. In the year .1828 he pur- 
 chased for four hundred dollars the south half of the south-east 
 quarter of section fourteen of township one north, range seven west. 
 He had not then sufficient means to make the whole payment on 
 the land. This place was subsequently his residence till his death. 
 At the time he moved on this land only a small part was under 
 cultivation. Mr. Griffen worked industriously at improving the 
 farm. He was a man of great energy and activity. He had good 
 business qualifications, and at the time of his death was one of the 
 largest land owners of the Shiloh valley. -His first marriage took 
 place in February, 1826, to Mrs. Mary Shepherd, whose maiden 
 name was Foulks. Her death occurred on the 5th of February, 
 1841, at the age of thirty-nine. She was born in Pennsylvania 
 on the 5th of February, 1802. His second marriage was on the 
 13th of October, 1841, to Sally Ann Collins, who was born near 
 Greenville, New York, on the 1st of December, 1805. This mar- 
 riage occurred at Amsterdam, New York, while Mr. Grifien was 
 in that state on a visit to his brother. 
 
 He had in all twelve children, whose names are as follows : — 
 Jacob Fardon Grifien, born on the 6th of February, 1827, died on 
 the 15th of November of the same year ; Smith Grifien, who was 
 born in 1828 and died in 1831 ; Harriet Jane Grifien, born August 
 10, 1831, and died the succeeding 15th of November; Joseph 
 Grifien, who was born in 1832, and is now living in the Shiloh 
 valley; Caroline Grifien, born in 1834 and died in 1835; Sarah 
 Ann Grifien, born March, 1836, now residing in Macon county, 
 the wife of James H.Alexander; Mariah Grifien, now Mrs. Wm. 
 D. Howard of Lebanon ; Rachel Grifien, who was born in 1840 
 and died the same year ; Boon Grifien, who was born July 27th, 
 1842 and died May 4, 1862 ; Alletta Grifien, who 'was born in 1843 
 and died in 1844 ; Charles Griffen, born February 20, 1845, and 
 Jane, who was born in January, 1849, and died in September of the 
 Boon Griffen was a student at McKendree college at the time of 
 the breaking out of the war of the rebellion. He enlisted at St. 
 Louis in a Missouri regiment, not then nineteen years old, and 
 was in the three months service under General Fremont. After 
 the expiration of his term of service he returned to his studies, but 
 died of consumption in 1862, while a member of the college 
 graduating class. He would have graduated had he lived till 
 June. 
 
 For a number of years, subsequent to 1841 , Joseph Grifien served 
 as Justice of the Peace, and in that capacity gave satisfaction as an 
 upright man, and a just and impartial magistrate. He was a man 
 who believed in upholding the rights of others, and never, if he 
 could prevent it, would he allow the weak to be imposed on by the 
 strong. He was respected as a good neighbor and a worthy 
 citizen. His religious views coincided with those of the Baptist 
 church, though he was an active member of no religious denomi- 
 nation. He was seldom away from home and paid close attention 
 to his business afiairs. He was originally a Whig in politics, and 
 was attached to that party till the dissolution of the Whig organi- 
 zation, and the foundation of the Republican party, when his views 
 on the subject of slavery led him to become a Republican, and he 
 acted as such during the remainder of his life. He was never am- 
 bitious to hold public ofiice, preferring to devote his time to his 
 
 business and farming operations. He was interested in agricultural 
 matters, and was a good practical farmer. He assisted in organizing 
 the fair association of St. Clair county, and was the first president of 
 the society. By industry and good business management he 
 secured considerable wealth, and at the time of his dieath owned 
 over twelve hundred acres of land in St. Clair, Washington, and 
 Macon counties. His homestead farm in the Shiloh valley par- 
 took of the general excellence of the land in that part of the 
 county. He died on the 24th of October, 1874, at the age of 
 seventy-eight years, one month and one day. His widow survived 
 him till the 7th of April, 1876, when she died at the age of seventy 
 years, four months, and six days. As an honest man, a kind 
 neighbor, and a useful citizen, his name deserves perpetuation in 
 this work. 
 
 Chakles Griffen, 
 
 who now resides on the old homestead farm, was born Feb- 
 ruary20, 1845. His education was mostly obtained at a school 
 on his father's farm, and he also for a time attended a com- 
 mercial college in St. Louis. While his father lived he assist- 
 ed in the management of the farm, and has since continued to live 
 on the homestead. He was married on the 10th of June, 1873, to 
 Martha M. Park, who was born in the Shiloh valley, December 23d. 
 1848. Her father, Jamas Park, was born near Frankfort, Ken- 
 tucky, on the fourteenth of December, 1799, and was one of a 
 large family of children, sixteen in number. His father was of 
 Scotch descent. At the age of sixteen he left Kentucky and came 
 to Illinois. He first resided in Sangamon county, and afterward 
 became a resident of St. Clair county. His first wife was Mary 
 Scott, daughter of Joseph Scott, one of the earliest settlers of St. 
 Clair county. After her death he married a ]Miss Talbot, of Co- 
 lumbia, Monroe county. His third wife, Mrs. Griffen's mother, 
 was Julia A. Clark, who was born and raised near Richmond, 
 Virginia. The Clark family emigrated from Virginia and settled 
 in St. Clair county, not far from Collinsville. Mrs. Griffen's grand- 
 father, on her mother's side, was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. 
 James Park, when the school land was sold, bought land in section 
 sixteen, (township one north, range seven west) on which he lived 
 till his death. This is the farm now owned by James Alexander. 
 Mrs. Griffen's mother died on the 25th of January, 1868, at the age 
 of fifty-eight years. Her father died on the 4th of April, 1879, at 
 the age of eighty. He was a man of great activity for his age, and 
 retained much of his youthful vigor till within a short time of his 
 death. 
 
 In politics Mr. Grifi'en is a republican. He is one of the 
 enterprising farmers of St. Clair county. He is the owner of six 
 hundred and ninety-seven acres of land, two hundred and forty- 
 seven of which he has purchased since his father's death. His 
 farm is made up of the best farming land in St. Clair county, and 
 is well-improved and under excellent cultivation. Since his father's 
 death he has built a substantial and handsome addition to the old 
 house, and his residence is one of the finest in that portion of the 
 county. A view of his residence and farm is shown elsewhere. He 
 has two children, whose names are Cyril Albert and INIyrtle. At 
 the head of this sketch appear the portraits of his father, Joseph 
 Grifi'en, and of his wife's father, James Park. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 245 
 
 Mr^/y^^-^ ^^^ ^K^^^r\ 
 
 Dr. Adolphus Reuss, whose portrait appears above, was one of 
 the old residents and leading citizens in the vicinity of Shiloh. He 
 was descended from a wealthy family who formerly lived at Amster- 
 dam, Holland, and belonged to the old Dutch population of that 
 country. Benedict Reuss, the father of Dr. Reuss, was born at 
 Amsterdam. He subsequently became a resident of Frankfurt on 
 the Main, one of the free cities of Germany, where, he engaged in 
 the mercantile business. He had considerable wealth, and was a 
 successful business man At Frankfurt, on the 28th of November, 
 1804, was born Adolphus Reuss. His mother, Johanna Basse, was 
 a native of Westphalia. Dr. Reuss spent his early life at Frank- 
 furt. He was the youngest of a family of eight children, composed 
 of seven sons and one daughter. He early showed a disposition for 
 literary pursuits, and after* having passed through his preliminary 
 studies, entered the University of Gottingen. His natural tastes and 
 inclinations led him to adopt the profession of medicine. He was' 
 graduated from the university of Gottingen in 1825, receiving the 
 degree of doctor of medicine. After leaving Gottingen, he pursued 
 his medical studies at Paris and Berlin, and there secured as com- 
 prehensive a knowledge of the science of medicine as could be ob- 
 tained in the European universities. 
 
 After completing his studies, he entered on the practice of his 
 profession in his native city of Frankfurt, where he was employed 
 as a physician as long as he lived in Germany. At Frankfurt oc- 
 curred his marriage to Margaretha C. E. Jucho, who was a native 
 of that city, and was born on the 17th of January, 1818. Like a 
 great many of the educated young men of Germany at that day, he 
 
 took an active interest in political affairs, and his sympathies were 
 strongly in favor of a republican form of government as opposed to 
 the strong monarchical system existing in Germany. His senti- 
 ments on this subject were the cause of his emigration to America. 
 He ilesired to live in a 'free country' under free institutions. He 
 came to this country in 1832. After traveling over the states of 
 Ohio, Iowa, Missouri and Illinois, he concluded that St. Clair county 
 offered better advantages as a place of residence than any other lo- 
 cation, and he accordingly bought two hundred acres of land in 
 sections three and four of township one north, range seven west, on 
 which he settled and resided during the remainder of his life. 
 When he purchased this tract of land it was nearly all covered with 
 timbsr, only ten acres having been brought under cultivation. The 
 German residents of the county were then few in number, compared 
 with the great body of emigrants from the fatherland who poured in 
 at a later day. It may be presumed that his previous modes of life 
 in the cities of Germany gave him no particular fitness for a resi- 
 dence in a new country, but he adapted himself as best he could to 
 circumstances, engaged in the work of improving his land, and at 
 the same time carried on the active practice of his profession. His 
 first vvife died on the 8th of March, 1841. He had by her no 
 children. He was married again to Carolina Raith, who was born 
 at Gottingen, Germp,ny, on the 7th of March, 1824. She was the 
 daughter of Frederick Raith, who came to this country in 1833, and 
 settled at Turkey Hill, in St. Clair county. 
 
 Dr. Reuss devoted himself industriously to his profession, suc- 
 ceeded in securing a large practice, and came to be regarded as one 
 
246 
 
 BIS TOBY OF ST. CUJH COVItTT, JZZmOJS. 
 
 of tie atkst physicians in the county. The nature of his practice 
 in a rural neighborhood entailed much hard labor and constant 
 riding over the country, but a naturally strong and robust consti- 
 tution enabled him to withstand without injury a large amount of 
 exposure and hardship. He took an intelligent interest in the in- 
 stitutions of the country, and the political movements of the times. 
 He adopted the views of the democratic party with which he acted 
 till the question of slavery became the absorbing topic of the day^ 
 and a new party was formed on the issue of the extension, or re- 
 pression, of the slave system. His warm free-soil sympathies made 
 him a republican. He became connected with the republican party 
 on its first organization, and was devoted to its principles through- 
 out the remainder of his life. He never held any political office, 
 and always refused to become a candidate for any public position, 
 preferring to give his Avhole attention to his professional practice. 
 He possessed liberal and independent views on all subjects, and in 
 religious matters was a free-thinker, though he respected the opin- 
 ions of others, and, never sought to bring his own private beliefs in- 
 to public prominence. He was a man of literary attainments and 
 culture. In his youth he had been a thorough student of languages. 
 He was fond of reading, and accumulated a large library of books in 
 Greek, Latin, Italian, French, German and English, with 
 all of which he was conversant. His health was good until 
 the time of his death, which occurred on the 7th of May, 1878. His 
 wife had died previously, on the 5th of August, 1870. He was a man 
 of good physical proportions, measuring five feet, ten inches in height, 
 and weighing about two hundred pounds. His hair in youth was- 
 dark, but in the latter part of his life it turned gray, and at the time 
 of his death was of snowy whiteness. He accumulated considerable 
 property, and when he died owned four hundred and fifty acres of 
 land. 
 
 Dr. Eeuss was the father of nine children, of whom eight are 
 now living. The oldest son, Henry Eeuss, now resides on the old 
 homestead. Julius Eeuss is engaged in farming in section three, 
 of township one north, range seven west. The oldest daughter is 
 named Lena. Eosa died at the age of twenty-three. Albert C. 
 Eeuss lives in section four of the same township. Augusta L. is 
 the wife of Charles Fischer of St. Louis. The other children are 
 Johanna, Mary, and Ferdinand L. Eeuss. 
 
 Albert C. Eeuss, a representation of whose farm and residence is 
 shown on another page, was born on the twenty-fourth of September 
 1852. He lived in St. Clair county till the age of fifteen, when he' 
 wras sent to Germany to secure an education. He attended school 
 at Stuttgardt, Germany, for three years, and then returned to Ame- 
 rica. On the 19th of September, 1878, occurred his marriage to 
 Kate Pierce, daughter of Hiram A. Pierce, one of the leading far- 
 mers of the Shiloh valley. Her grandfather, Daniel Pierce, was one 
 of the early settlers and influential citizens of the county, removing 
 from Pennsylvania, and settling near Shiloh, in the year 1812. He 
 established an ox-mill on his farm, which was one of the popular 
 institutions of that part of the county, receiving a patronage from 
 the distance of many miles. He was a man of far more than com- 
 
 mon enterfrite aid lufiness ability, and aeketch of his history is 
 given elsewhere. Mr. Eeuss has two children, whose names are 
 Ida L. and Albert L. Eeuss. Beside carrying on the business o^ 
 faiming, he is also the proprietor of a saw-mill. In his politics he 
 is a republican. He is known as one of the enterprising young men 
 of that part of the county. 
 
 DANIEL PIEECE (deceased), 
 One of the early settlers in the vicinity of Shiloh, was born in Brad- 
 ford county, Penna., May 15, 1788. He received a common-school 
 education, and afterwards learned the blacksmith trade. He was 
 married at Tioga Point, (now Athens) Bradford county, Penna., 
 November 10, 1811, to Alice Tozer, a native of Connecticut. Her 
 father, Col. Judas Tozer, served in the Eevolutionary war, and 
 moved from Connecticut to Bradford county, Penna. Daniel 
 Pierce moved to St. Clair county. 111., in 1812, and settled in Sec. 
 10, Tp. 1 N., E. 7 W., purchasing a small improvement which had 
 been previously made. Some time after settling here, he built an 
 ox mill, which was a great convenience to the early settlers, and to 
 which people often came to get their grinding done from a distance 
 of twenty or twenty-five miles. He subsequently erected a dis- 
 tillery adjoining the mill, which was carried on for several years. 
 He was a man of great industry, and of a persevering disposi- 
 tion, and possessed much more than ordinary enterprise. He 
 was one of the men who in 1837 undertook the building of a rail- 
 road from the blufi'to the Mississippi. This was the first railroad 
 constructed in the state. Gov. Eeynolds was one of the men inter- 
 ested in it. The road was successfully built and put in operation, 
 but proved a disastrous speculation to the projectors of the enter- 
 prise, the cost largely exceeding the original estimates. This 
 venture, together with the payment of security debts to a large 
 amount, swept away a great portion of his property. He died on the 
 17th of May, 18^5. His widow died February 21st, 1852. He had 
 seven children : Juliet C; Emily J., who married Daniel S. Osborn. 
 of Lebanon, and is now deceased ; Hannah, now Mrs. Sciota Evans,' 
 who resides in Iowa; John O., who resides near Bunker KiU, 
 Macoupin county; Daniel E., who now lives in Iowa; James A.,' 
 who died on the old homestead where his family still reside, and 
 Hiram A. 
 
 HiEAM A. PiEECE, now one of the leading farmers of the Shiloh 
 valley, was born August 22, 1822, on the farm on which his father 
 settled on coming to St. Clair county. For one year he was a 
 student in McKendree college. February 18, 1847, he married 
 Mary Amj Middlecoff, daughter of George and Sarah Middlecoff. 
 Mrs. Pierce was born in the Shiloh valley. In March, 1861 Mr! 
 Pierce purchased his present farm in Sec. 3, Tp. 1 N E 7 W " 
 which consists of three hundred and thirty-six acres ' The im' 
 provements are of an excellent character. He owns altogether 
 .five hundred and ninety-five acres of land ; he has devoted much 
 attention to the raising of fine stock. He has eight children and 
 in his politics IS a democrat. 
 
i^i^wiivii t^iff ii\^. ' i,iivi Hty.j^w ' 
 
 'ywv?^r^!m^^,fr^r^^^^^^^g^^ 
 
 Residence of Dr A. REUSS. . decea seoJ 
 
 i^4j^'»^ 
 
 1 y< 
 
 X- V - ':4;n:.';^i^/v>- ^""^ 
 
 Residence ^Mill Prokhty of A. C. REUSS Esq. Sec 3 (i. /MR'/. WestJShiloh pjfecmr- StClair Co, III. 
 
OASBYVILLE PRECINCT. 
 
 |HIS is one of the northern tier of precints, bound- 
 ed on the north by Madison county, east by 
 O'Fallon, south by O'Fallon and French Vil- 
 lage, and west by East St. Louis. It contains 
 twenty-three sections or about 14,720 acres. 
 It is drained by Canteen creek and its afflu- 
 ents in the northern and eastern part, and the 
 Grand Marias in the south-western. Casey- 
 ville, situated a little north of the geogra- 
 phical centre of the precinct is the only village 
 within its borders. The Ohio & Mississippi, and the St. Louis, 
 Vandalia & Terre Haute Railroads enter the western part of the 
 precinct and run side-by-side until they reach Caseyville, when the 
 latter takes a north-easterly course and passes out on section three. 
 From Caseyville the 0. & M. runs in a south-easterly course and 
 passes out on section 27. The surface of the precinct is divided 
 between bottom lands And bluffs. The line separating the two 
 passes through Caseyville in nearly a north-eastern and south- 
 western direction from that point. In early times the bottom lands 
 included in this precinct were covered with water the greater part 
 of the year, and only for a few years back have they been drained 
 so as to insure crops when sown. The bluffs in the region of Casey- 
 ville are very rugged, and mostly covered with a heavy growth of 
 timber. They are composed principally of sand, clay and gravel. 
 Hence, from these facts, the territory embracing Caseyville was not 
 so early settled as some of the precincts adjoining it. 
 
 Below we give the lands that were entered in what is now 
 Caseyville precinct, in the year 1814, as taken from the county re- 
 cords which may show the names of some old settlers. In T. 2 N. 
 E. 8 W., we find the following : Joseph Cornelius, S. W. }, Sec. 5 
 153 acres, Sept. 28 ; John Swigart, 324 acres in Sec. 7, Aug. 31 ; 
 heirs of J. R. Simpson, S. W. i, Sec. 10, 160 acres, Dec. 22 ; Joseph 
 Baird, W. i of the N. W. }, Sec. 18, 89 acres, Dec. 2 ; Robt. Mar- 
 lott, 96 acres in Sec. 18, Sept. 29, in T. 8 N. R., 9 W., we fiud^ 
 heirs of Solomon Brown, S. E. J Sec. 13, 160 acres, Sept. 28, 1811 
 In 1826 George Moffett, a native of Delaware, settled near the 
 Madison county-line. He was quite a wealthy man, and purchased 
 considerable land in the vicinity. He left several descendants. 
 The same year Marcus Pelham, a South Carolinian, located at the 
 edge of the bluffs, near the present site of Caseyville. He and part 
 of his family are buried here, and at this writing none are re- 
 siding in the neighborhood. Simon Kingston, also from South 
 Carolina, came with Pelham and located just south of him. His 
 son, Simon Kingston, a druggist in Troy, Madison county, is the 
 only descendant of his now living. He and his wife were buried in 
 the bluffs near Caseyville. A man by the name of Decker, settled 
 
 early in the decade of 1830 on the bluffs east of Caseyville, and 
 afterwards moved to California. One McClanahan settled near 
 Decker, on the present farm of T. Hueckel, and subsequently emi- 
 grated to Minnesota. Mr. Kennedy, an Irishman, settled in the 
 same neighborhood about 1834. He left a small family. Levi 
 Nichols, who resides about four miles from Caseyville, settled here 
 at an early date. Dommique Morback, a native of France, settled in 
 this county in 1838, and owns a fine property on section 15 of T. 
 2 N. R. 9 W., where he now resides. Joseph Delorme, who lives on 
 section 12, T. 2-9, is an ative of this county born in 1837. 
 
 Many facts percaining to the early history of this precinct may 
 be found in the pioneer and other chapters of this work. 
 
 Coal mining is the leading interest of this precinct. On the 
 Vandalia line there are three" mines. The Abby shaft N"o. 1, was 
 sunk by Mauleand Williams in 1868.' It is 160 feet in depth, and 
 the vein will average six feet. The Abby shaft No. 2 was sunk in 
 1873 by the Abby coal mining company, the present operators. 
 The depth and vein is about the same as the other mine. They 
 employ about 160 men and boys. The Springwell mine, still east 
 of the others, was sunk in 1874, by the Bartlett Coal Company, and 
 is now operated by the Springwell Company. Coal is reached at 
 160 feet, and the vein is full six feet in thickness. The other mines 
 will be mentioned in the history of the 
 
 VILLAGE OF CASEYVILLE. 
 
 The village was named in honor of Zadock Casey, who held 
 many high offices in the state. In 1830 he was elected Lieutenant 
 Governor, was a member of Congress for many years, and for- 
 several terms served in the state legislature. 
 
 Prior to the laying out of the village, Charles Harbour, a wealthy 
 Frenchman, erected a fine large brick residence, and a steam saw 
 mill, which he operated for several years. The mill was erected in 
 1845. 
 
 It was laid out as a village in 1849, by the Illinois Coal Company, 
 consisting of the following named parties: Hon. Zadock Casey, 
 Judge Walter B. Scates, Charles Harbour, Malconib Robinson, 
 Dr. Charles Barrett and John Roy. This company began the oper- 
 ation of coal raining extensively about this period. The mines 
 were then worked by drifts, instead of shafts as now, two of which 
 they dug into the side of the bluffs at this point. Until 1851, the 
 coal was hauled to St. Louis by ox and mule teams across the bot- 
 toms. In February, 1851, the company completed a railroad from 
 Caseyville to Brooklyn on which they immediately placed a loco- 
 motive, and rolling stock, and large quantities of coal were daily 
 carried into St. Louis. / 
 
 247 
 
248 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The first house erected after the village was laid out, was in the 
 spring of 1849, by Jameson Robinson. Dr. Barrett, erected four 
 houses, John Eoy, eight, and Gov. Casey, two, about the time the 
 company began operaticn?. In the same year, 1849, the following 
 erected residences : — Belshazar Warner, Ealph Whitehead, Edward 
 Bone, AVilliam Grice, and Mr. Bumesaw. The latter was a 
 Frenchman, and the following year was killed in the mines. He 
 was the first miner killed in the village. The same year, John 
 Eoy built a large two-story frame building, and kept in it the 
 first hotel, store and saloon. Eichard Gofi" was the company's 
 blacksmith, and the first in the village. B. Warner also had a 
 saloon in 1849. 
 
 In 1850 there were in the place about forty persons, including 
 men, women and children, and the year following, when the railroad 
 was completed, about one hundred and fifty were added to the 
 population. The village has grown a little each year, with the in- 
 crease of the mining interests and improvement of the surrounding 
 country, and now contains about 800 population. 
 
 A post-office was not established here until 1856. Maj. E. M. 
 Mallory was the first post-master, and also the first Justice of the 
 Peace. 
 
 Ineorporation. — The place was incorporated by special charter in 
 April, 1869. The members of the first board were — C. L. Muil- 
 berger. President; J. T. Hoeltmann, Frederick Euemler, John 
 Eoy, J. W. Owens. In April, 1875, it came under the general 
 law for villages. The present members are — John T. Hoeltmann, 
 President ; Frederick Euemler, George Haig, David Morgan, G. 
 Nuetzel, James Doyle, Sr., James Throly, Clerk. 
 
 School. — The present public school building in the south-east 
 part of the village, was erected in 1872, and cost upward of |5000, 
 including furniture. It is a fine brick building, two stories high, 
 with belfry. It is a graded school and employs three teachers. 
 
 Church — There is but one house of worship in the village — the 
 Union Chapel, built in 1879 by private subscription, at a cost of 
 
 about $1800. It is a neat frame building about 30 x 46 feet. It is 
 controlled by a board of directors, and used by all denomina- 
 tions. 
 
 BUSINESS TEADE OF 1881. 
 
 Physicians. — J. L. Wiggins, L .T. Miller. 
 
 General Stores, J. T. Hoeltmann, J. W. Owens, M. Jenkins, and 
 Miller & Hueckel. Groceries, E. Webb, Mrs. A. Williams. Flour 
 and Feed Store, F. Hoeltmann. Blacksmith Shops, F. Euemler, C. 
 Schwarzkopf. Wagon Shop, Fred. Moser. Carpenter Shop, Wm- 
 M. Kersey. Butcher Shop, Joseph Maisch. Motel, Brown House, 
 Peter Brown, proprietor. Saloons, John Meyer, Jacob Mees, John 
 Michel, F. Geisert, David Molloy, Fritz Nuetzel. Mill.— The saw 
 mill built by Harbour, mentioned above, was converted into a 
 flouring mill by John Eoy, and a few years afterwards was blown 
 up. In 1866, Mr. Eoy rebuilt it and put in two run of burrs. It 
 is a frame building, three stories high, in good condition, but at 
 present it is not operated. Jerome Winstanley is the present 
 owner. 
 
 Lodges. — Crescent, No. 426, 1. O. O. F., was instituted July 1st, 
 1870. Has a membership of 67, and is in good standing. Star of 
 Hope, No. 149, Encampment, was chartered April 8th, 1880, and 
 has considerable membership. A Temperance Society was organ- 
 ized here as early as 1851, and has a good membership. 
 
 Coal Mines. — The Savitz Bro's of St. Louis, are operating two 
 coal mines on the O. & M. track, just east of the village, and em- 
 ploy about 120 miners. The mines are known as the Union and 
 St. Clair. They are about one hundred and sixty feet in depth, 
 and the veins will average full six feet. The former shaft was 
 sunk by Walter Williams, in 1858, and the latter by Thomas 
 Mayer & Bro., in 1862. The Black Diamond mine was sunk by 
 Smith and Winnemier, in 1864. This mine is not now in 
 operation. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 -%-»- 
 
 Hon. J. R. MILLER. 
 
 J. R. MiLLEE, representative from St. Clair county in the legis- 
 lature from 1869 to 1872, was born in Warren county, Ohio, Oct. 
 31st, 1831. He was a student for several sessions at College 
 Hill, six miles north of Cincinnati. Among his fellow students 
 were Beu Harrison, of Indiana ; W. C. Gray, editor of of the In- 
 terior, and Murat Halstead, the editor of the Cincinnati Commercial. 
 The means with which to get an education he obtained by working 
 on a farm during the summer months. During the winter of 1850-1 
 he taught school near Cynthiana, Harrison county, Kentucky. He 
 there formed the acquaintance of a couple of young men, with 
 whom, in the spring of 1851, he started for California. He reached 
 Salt Lake on the 24th of June, and remained there till the spring 
 of 1852. He was in the employment of Howe & Cogswell, who 
 carried on the mercantile business. He then went to California 
 where he lived till 1856. He was engaged in farming in the Vacca 
 Valley, Solano county, and part of the time followed teaming from 
 Sacramento to the mouutains. He left San Francisco by steamer 
 on the 21st of April, crossed the Isthmus, and arrived in Madison 
 county, of this state on the 23d of May, 1856. 
 
 He engaged in farming near Collinsville. On the 25th of May, 
 1858, he married Melinda Nicklous, a native of Tennessee. In 
 company with his brother, he then leased one of the O'Fallon farms 
 near Caseyville. December 20th, 1860, he lost his arm in a 
 threshing machine. Thinking that his days for physical labor 
 were over, he left the farm, and for two terms taught school in 
 Madison county ; but finding there was no prospect of accumulating 
 money in that business, he went back with his brother to the farm 
 near Caseyville. In the fall of 1868 he built his present residence, 
 where he has lived since that date. He has been engaged in 
 farming and fruit growing. He has four children living : Charles 
 R., John E., Elsie and Mary Miller. 
 
 He at first belonged to the democratic party. His sentiments, 
 however, were always anti-slavery, and in company with other free- 
 soil democrats, when the republican party was organized, he became 
 a republican. During the war of the rebellion he did all he could 
 to aid the sanitary commission, assisted "in organizing the Union 
 League at Caseyville, and was also an^ctive member of the Union 
 League at Belleville. In November, 1868, he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the state legislature, and was re-elected in 1870. The last 
 General Assembly, of which he was a member, was the first which 
 met after the adoption of the new constitution of tl^e state, and con- 
 sequently much labor was entailed on the body. There were three 
 regular sessions, and one called session occasioned by the Chicago 
 fire. Mr. Miller served on the committee which visited Chicago to 
 32 
 
 ascertain what measures were necessary for the restoration of the 
 records of Chicago and Cook county. In the 26th General Assem- 
 bly he was chairman of the committee on Federal relations. In 
 the next assembly he was appointed chairman of the committee on 
 education, at the solicitation of a number of the prominent educa- 
 tors of the state. His services in the legislature met with the 
 approval of his constituents, and gained even the approbation of 
 those who had been his political enemies. He efficiently supported 
 the interests of St. Clair county, and early interested himself in 
 the passage of a bill for the protection of coal miners, the bill 
 compelling owners of mines to furnish an additional shaft for the 
 purpose of ventilation and safety. 
 
 In 1872 he identified himself with the temperance movement and 
 has since done everything in his power to forward the cause of 
 temperance. His services as an orator, before temperance meetings, 
 have been in frequent request. Since 1857 he has been a member 
 of the Presbyterian church. In 1881 he was a delegate from the 
 Alton Presbytery to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian 
 church, which met at Buffiilo. He has been connected with the 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows for twenty-three years, and has 
 been frequently chosen to represent that order in the Graud Lodge 
 of the state. At the sessions of the Grand Lodge held at Danville, 
 November, 1880, he was elected Deputy Grand Master, and in that 
 capacity, has traveled extensively over the southern portion of the 
 state, as a lecturer and instructor before Odd Fellows' Lodges. 
 
 JOHN SHULTZ, 
 
 One of the leading farmers of the American Bottom, was born 
 at Wantage, Sussex county, New Jersey, August 16th, 1818. His 
 great-grandfather, Christopher Shultz, was a native of Denmark, 
 emigrated to America, and settled in Maryland, near Baltimore. 
 Mr. Shultz's grandfather, John Shultz, was born in Philadelphia, 
 and was a young man at the time of the breaking out of the Revo- 
 lutionary war, in which he enlisted at three diflferent times, serving 
 altogether in the American army, several years. Frederick Shultz, 
 the father of the subject of this sketch, was born on Merritt's 
 island, between New York and New Jersey, in 1792. He was 
 raised principally in New Jersey, and at Wantage, in Sussex county, 
 of that state, married Eleanor Dsnnis. Her fa,ther, Joseph Daa- 
 nis, was born in New Jersey, though his parents came from Eng- 
 land. After the war of 1812, Joseph Dennis moved to Lundy's 
 Lane, Canada, and built the first mill constructed at thatplac3 after 
 the war. His first wife died in New Jersey ; he was married again 
 in Canada, and died there. 
 
 249 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Mr. Shultz's father learned the miller's trade in New Jersey, 
 serving an apprenticeship of fourteen years. About the year 1822, 
 he went to western New York, and took charge of a mill at Attica. 
 He was afterwards at Alexandria. He gained an excellent repu- 
 tation as a miller; thoroughly understood the business, and assisted 
 in securing for the flour of the Genesee Mills its wide reputation 
 for excellence. Receiving injuries in his back, he engaged in 
 farming, near Attica, New York. In 1834 he removed to Illinois) 
 and died at French Village, in 1840. Mr. Shultz's mother died in 
 1852. 
 
 The first four or five years of Mr. Shultz's life were spent in 
 New Jersey, and he then 'accompanied his father to the western 
 part of New York. He was the third of a family of twelve chil- 
 dren, of whom only three are now living. He went to school but 
 little in New York. The free-school system was introduced into 
 that State too late for him to take advantage of it. After coming 
 to Illinois, he attended a night school one winter, kept in the hol- 
 low, about a mile above Caseyville. The teacher was James B. 
 Needles, father of the ex-State Auditor, T. B. Needles. 
 
 Mr. Shultz first set foot on the soil of St. Clair county, on the 
 10th of December, 1834. In company with a younger brother, he 
 traveled across the Bottom, past the spot where he now resides, and 
 during the winter of 1834-5, was employed by a man living on the 
 bluff, half a mile south of Cassyville. Part of the next year he 
 worked in St. Louis, and, in 1836, he went to work on a steamboat 
 — the old Chester — which ran between St. Louis and New Orleans. 
 He was steamboating during the summer of 1636, 1837 and 1838, 
 and rose to the position of mate. In 1838 he engaged to go as 
 mate on the Moselle, a boat running between St. Louis and Cincin- 
 nati. Through some misunderstanding, the mate who had accom- 
 panied the boat from Cincinnati, refused to give up his position, 
 claiming that the time, for which he had hired, had not expired, and 
 consequently Mr. Shultz postponed going on the boat until the next 
 trip. This misunderstanding proved very fortunate, for, on that 
 trip, the Moselle blew up in front of Cincinnati, and one hundred 
 and seventy lives were lost in the disaster. This accident, which 
 was one of the most terrible that ever occurred on the river, so 
 alarmed his mother that she begged him to quit the river. 
 
 Fur sixteen years he hauled coal from the bluffs to St. Louis. 
 He followed this business in winter. The occupation was not the 
 easiest. Coal brought, in St. Louis, from eight to twelve and a 
 half cents a bushel. In 1840, after his father's death, he rented a 
 farm on the bluffs, below Caseyville, where the Sweigart stone house 
 now is, and mined coal, bought teams and hauled the coal to St. 
 Louis on his own account. This occupation was heavy and labori- 
 ous, but profitable. In 1844 he bought eighty acres of land, in 
 section fourteen of township two north, range nine west, for twelve 
 dollars and a half an acre, which, at that time, was considered a 
 high price. His present residence stands on this piece of land. He 
 made this purchase during the high water of 1844. The highest 
 part of the land was five feet out of the water during that flood — 
 a fact which convinced Mr., Shultz that he would never have any 
 trouble from high water. He fenced the land and brought it un- 
 der cultivation in 1846. After raising a few crops of corn, he 
 began growing wheat, and the place has since been famous for its 
 large crops. 
 
 As soon as he had means, he began trading in stock. The break- 
 ing out of the war with Mexico gave him an opportunity for mak- 
 ing considerable sums of money. Cattle rose in value from a cent 
 and a half to three and four cents a pound. After the high water 
 of '44, he purchased large quantities of stock at a low price, and 
 was in a position to take the best advantage of the rise in prices. 
 
 He shipped many cattle to New Orleans. He followed trading in 
 stock till 1854, when he went to California. Two of his younger 
 brothers had gone to California in the spring of 1850, another in 
 1852, and, thinking there was money in the cattle business in Cali- 
 fornia, where cattle then commanded a high price, he started in 
 1854, with several teams, and one hundred and eighty head of cat- 
 tle, for the Pacific Coast. The journey, from St. Joseph, Missouri, 
 to Summit Valley, California, occupied ninety-three days. At 
 Fort Laramie he left a letter for home, and started on his journey 
 westward, at four o'clock in the afternoon. That night the fort 
 was attacked by the Indians and burned, and the garrison killed. 
 He was in California fourteen months. He came home by the 
 Nicaragua route, and passed through Nicaragua when Walker's 
 filibustering expedition had control of the country. Part of their 
 baggage was seized, but the passengers were not interfered with. 
 He had taken his sisters to California, and there they remained. 
 All his brothers and sisters are now dead, except one brother and 
 one sister, who live in California. 
 
 He returned to Illinois in July, 1855, and on the 11th of Sep- 
 tember following, he married Amelia M. Williams, daughter of 
 William W. and Nancy E. Williams. Mrs. Shultz was born in 
 the American Bottom, January, 1837. Her father was an early 
 settler of the Bottom, and his house, in section fifteen, was, at one 
 time, the only house on the Caseyville road, between Papstown and 
 the bluff. He was a carpenter by trade ; settled in the Bottom in 
 1832, and died in 1846. Mr. Shultz owns two hundred and forty 
 acres of valuable land. A view of his farm and residence is shown 
 on another page. He has nine children living : Nannie E , Jesse 
 L., John D., Amelia Malvina, Ida J., Sarah A., Frances May, 
 Mary Helen and Frederick William. Two beside, Isabelle and 
 Agnes, died in infancy, the first, three weeks', and the latter, six 
 months' old. 
 
 He has always been a democrat in politics. He voted for Mar- 
 tin Van Buren for President in 1840, and has voted for every 
 democratic candidate for President since, except in 1876, when he 
 was too unwell to go the polls. He is a man who has won success 
 in life by his own efforts. His industry and energy have been the 
 chief means by which he has made his way successfully through 
 the world. In early life he possessed a strong and vigorous consti- 
 tution. There was no labor or hardship too great for him to with- 
 stand. This course naturally brought its fruits, and, in late years, 
 his health has suffered in consequence. He has been a man of 
 temperate habits, and, though thrown much into various kinds of 
 company, while on the river and in California, has never been ad- 
 dicted to the vices of drinking, card-playing, or other bad habits. 
 
 J. L. WIGGINS, M. D. 
 
 Dr. Wiggins, who has been engaged ia the practice of medicine 
 at Caseyville since March, 1877, was born in the city of St. Louis, 
 Missouri, on the 16th of October, 1855. His father, Louis Wig- 
 gins, was born at Cape May, New Jersey, was raised in that vicinity, 
 and married' Anna R. Edwards, a native of the same part of New 
 Jersey. In his early life he was in the mercantile business in Bal- 
 timore. In the year 1839 he came west, lived in St. Louis till 1858, 
 and then moved to a farm near O'Fallon, and was engaged there in 
 fruit-growing till his death on the 19th of July, 1878. His 
 mother died near O'Fallon in 1863. Dr. Wiggins' health in early 
 life was delicate, and for this reason, at the age of nine, he went to 
 live with some relatives at New Orleans, where he resided the most 
 of the time till he was fifteen. His education was chiefly obtained in 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the district schools in the neighborhood of O'Fallon. For two years 
 he was a student at the Natchez Institute, Natchez, Mississippi. He 
 began the study of medicine with Dr. Charles Oatmen, and in 1875 
 entered the St. Louis Medical College, from which he graduated in 
 the spring of 1877. Immediately after his graduation he began 
 practice at Casey ville. His marriage occurred on the 21st of Octo- 
 ber, 1880, to Miss Louisa Moeller, of Cape Girardeau, Missouri, 
 the daughter of Charles Moeller. In bis political affiliations. Dr. 
 Wiggins is a member of the republican party. He has devoted 
 himself to his profession with energy and assiduity.and though still 
 young in the profession, has made a successful record as a physician. 
 He received his ad eundem degree in 1879. 
 
 DR. LLOYD T. MILLER. 
 
 Dr. Miller, who has been practicing medicine at Caseyville for 
 the last fifteen years, was born near Burkittsville, Frederick county, 
 Maryland, May 15th, 1841. He is descended from a family of Ger- 
 man origin, though his ancestors had for several generations lived 
 in Maryland. His father was Peter Miller, and his mother's name, 
 before marriage, was Huldah Arnold. The former was a farmer, 
 and died in Washington county, Maryland. The latter died in 
 Franklin county, Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch was the 
 younger of two children by his father's second marriage. He was 
 principally raised in Washington county, Maryland, and attended 
 the ordinary subscription schools in that part of the state. In May, 
 1857, then sixteen years of age, he came west, and for a time nrade 
 his home at Palmyra, Marion county, Missouri, where some of his 
 brothers and sisters had settled. He attended the high school at 
 Palmyra, Missouri, and there completed his scholastic education. 
 Having determined on the study of medicine, in the fall of 1861 he 
 entered the old McDowell Medical College, and pursued his medi- 
 cal studies during the winter of 1861-2. The McDowell School 
 having gone to pieces, in consequence of Dr. McDowell leaving St. 
 Louis for the southern confederacy, (the war of the rebellion then 
 being in progress), the next winter he attended lectures at the 
 St. Louis Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 
 1863. 
 
 After his graduation he was commissioned as assistant-surgeon of 
 the Third Missouri Regiment, to which, however, he was attached 
 only a short time. In the fall of 1863 he entered the Jefferson Me- 
 dical College at Philadelphia. In the spring of 1864 he received 
 a diploma from this institution, which then had a world-wide re- 
 putation as a medical school. The succeeding summer he began 
 I)ractice in St. Louis, but in June, '66, came to St. Clair county 
 and established himself as a physician at Caseyville, where he has 
 since remained. He was married in April, 1868, to Margaret 
 Blake, daughter of Ezra and Mary A. Blake. Mrs. Miller was 
 born and raised about a mile north of Caseyville. Her father was 
 a native of New Jersey. Her mother was a daughter of George 
 Moifett, one of the early residents of that part of St. Clair county. 
 Dr. Miller has three children, one son and two daughters.. 
 
 He is a democrat in politics. He served one term as justice of 
 the peace. He was appointed post-master at Caseyville under 
 Grant's administration, and has filled that office for the last six 
 years. For ten years he has been engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness. He has the only drug store in Caseyville, and carries beside 
 a general stock of groceries and hardware. He has been employed 
 continuously in the practice of medicine, and has gained the repu- 
 tation of an able and successful physician, and takes a warm in- 
 terest in his profession, and has embraced every opportunity to 
 
 thoroughly acquaint himself with the latest developments of modern 
 medical science. 
 
 During the winter of 1878-9 he attended lectures at the 
 Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, and graduated ; so that he 
 now holds diplomas from three leading medical colleges. Two 
 years ago he also undertook farming, and now resides on a farm a 
 mile north of Caseyville. 
 
 JOHN T. HOELTMANN. 
 
 Mr. Hoeltmann, now the oldest business man at Caseyville, is 
 a native of Werne, Westphalia, Prussia, and was born on the 6th 
 day of July, 1826. His father was also named John T. Hoeltmann, 
 and his mother's name before marriage was Catherine Jagetho. 
 The subject of this sketch was the next to the youngest of a family 
 of seven children. He was raised in the same town where occurred 
 his birth. As is the custom in that country, he went to school from 
 the age of seven to fourteen, and secured the elements of a practical 
 business education. After leaving school he learned the tailor's 
 trade, following an apprenticeship of three years. On the 1st of 
 October, 1850, he married Magdalena Ermann, who was born at 
 Seuden, Prussia. After his marriage he established a shop of his 
 own and followed the tailoring business, till he concluded to emi- 
 grate to America. Disposing of his shop in March, 1855, the fol- 
 lowing May he left his native country. Landing at Baltimore, 
 from that place he proceeded at once to St. Louis. He only re- 
 mained two mon hs in that city. 
 
 Finding that there was an opening for a small business at Casey- 
 ville, he came to that town in August, 1855, and bought out an old 
 store which had been carried on by John Roy and Charles Borkey. 
 The store was small, and contained nothing very valuable. He pur- 
 chased the whole stock for one hundred and twenty-five dollars. 
 He began business in a modest and unpretentious way, but suc- 
 ceeded from the start, and was soon able to purchase a larger stock 
 of goods and increase his business. The second year after coming 
 to Caseyville he built, at a cost of nine hundred dollars, a building 
 which he used for a store and residence, and in which he lived and 
 did business till he erected his present store and dwelling in 1870. 
 lie has given his whole attention to business matters, and enjoys 
 the reputation of being an excellent business man. 
 
 The death of his first wife took place in 1869. By her he had 
 seven children, whose names are Lena, Frank, Lizzie, Josephine, 
 Phine, Amelia, and Frank William. Of these Frank, Phine, and 
 Frank William are dead. Lena is the wife of Charles A. Singletary, 
 of CoUinsville. His second marriage was on the 10th of November, 
 1870, to Louisa H. C Peters, who was born in Hanover, Germany. 
 He has five children by this marriage — Anna, Ferdinand, Rosa, 
 Louis, and Louisa. The two last are twins. 
 
 Ever since his residence in America Mr. Hoeltmann has been an 
 active member of the republican party. His first vote for presi- 
 dent was cast in 1860 for Abraham Lincoln, and he has been a 
 member of the republican organization from that time to the pres- 
 ent and has voted the republican ticket at every general election. 
 At nearly every election since his residence in St. Clair county he 
 has served as judge of election. In 18ti0 the citizens of Caseyville 
 precinct had hard work to bring the total vote up to one hundred, 
 but Mr. Hoeltmann has seen the place increase in population, until 
 now three hundred votes are polled. From the time Caseyville was 
 organized as a town, he has been a member of the Board of Trus- 
 tees, and for about ten years was president of the board. A view of 
 his store and residence appears on another page. He has always 
 been regarded as a useful citizen and a man of great uprightness 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COVNTY, ILLIlsOIS. 
 
 in his business dealings. He came to Casey ville without means, and 
 has now reached a position among the substantial business men of 
 St. Clair county. His career is a good example of what may be ac- 
 complished by due attention to business and fair and honorable 
 dealing. 
 
 LOUIS EVERSMANN, 
 
 A ErsiDEKT of Caseyville precinct, was born at the little settle- 
 ment of Bunkum, on the 28th of August, 1846. His father, John 
 Matthias Eversmann, was a native of Hanover, Germany, and was 
 born on the 2d of February, 1816. He was married in Hanover to 
 Elizabeth Obernuefemanu. In 1842 he emigrated to America and 
 arrived in St. Clair county in June of that year. He settled on 
 section nineteen, of township two north, range eight west. He 
 brought with him to this country about two hundred dollars. He 
 leased land for several years, and in 1846 or '47 purchased the 
 farm of eighty-eight acres on which he lived till his death, on the 
 11th of February, 1873. When he died he owned one hundred and 
 twenty-eight acres of land. He was a man of enterprise, and gave 
 
 his children good opportunities for securing an education, sending 
 e £ch one to St. Louis to school. His first wife died in 1853, and he 
 then married Katharina Obernuefemann, her sister. He had nine 
 children, of whcm five are now living. Mary, the oldest, is the 
 wife of Herman Hannibal, of St. Louis. The next is Louis Evers- 
 mann. Louisa married Louis Thomas. Anna is the wife of John 
 Berthesmann. The youngest, Lizzie Eversmann, is still unmarried. 
 He was a man of industrious habits and a good citizen. He died 
 in the communion of the Catholic church, and was buried at 
 French Village, 
 
 Louis Eversmann was raised in the county and obtained his edu- 
 cation principally in St. Louis, at a school connected with St. 
 Joseph's church and the St. Louis university. He was married in 
 October, 1871 to Louisa Gansmann, who was born at Collinsville, 
 August 10th, 1854, daughter of Nicholas Gansmann and Clara 
 Seitz. In 1878 he bought out the interest of the other heirs in his 
 father's old farm of one hundred and twenty-eight acres, which he 
 now owns. He has five children: John Matthias, Anna, Lizzie, 
 Nicholas, and Lcuisa. He is a democrat in politics, and one of the 
 enterprising young men of the county. 
 
 CENTERVILLE PRECINCT. 
 
 ' HIS is an irregularly shaped precinct, in the 
 western part of the county, bounded on the 
 north by Prairie du Pont, Cahokia and Belle- 
 ville ; on the east by Belleville and Bichland ; 
 on the south by Richland precinct and Monroe 
 county, and on the west by Monroe county and 
 Prairie du Pont precinct. It contains 51i 
 square miles, or 33,120 acres. Agriculturally 
 it is an excellent body of land, especially well 
 adapted to the raising of wheat. From its centre, water flows to 
 every point of the com pass. Ross' creek rises in sections 16 and 17, 
 T. 1 S. R. 9 W., flows a south-easterly course, emptying its waters 
 into "West Fork, on section 36. West Fork of Richland, takes its rise 
 in sections 23 and 24, flows a southerly course, leaving the township 
 on section 36. Spring creek takes its rise in a perennial spring, on 
 section 31, flows a southerly course, leaving on section 33. Prairie 
 du Pont creek is fed by numerous springs in sections 18, 9 and 3, 
 the tributaries from which leave the precinct along its northern 
 boundary. It is well watered and well drained. Along its north- 
 western boundary are the bluFs which overlook a part of the Great 
 American bottoms. At the foot of these bluffs on an old military 
 claim is Hill Lake, a resort for fishermen. Not alone are the water 
 courses followed by strips of timber, but here and there, are fine 
 natural grovesi which seem to beautify the landscape. 
 
 Centerville had, according to the census of 1880, 2471 inhabi- 
 tants, nearly ninety per cent, of whom are German, or German 
 descent. 
 
 Not only is this precinct well adapted to the raising of grain, 
 but underneath the surface lie great mines of wealth. Coal of ex- 
 cellent quality abounds, in places cropping out at the surface. The 
 first ever taken out was by a blacksmith, Joshua Hughes, as early as 
 1830, from a hill-side, about a half mile south-east of Centerville. 
 Stone, both lime and sand, is quarried in sections 31 and 32, T. 1 
 N. R. 9 W. It is claimed to be of very superior quality. The 
 quarries of Wm. Lark were the first opened, in 1835. 
 
 Vague rumors are circulated, too, about silver having been once 
 mined near Centerville. Two Mexicans, years ago, no one knows 
 when, directed by divining rods, staked a claim, built a cabin in 
 the solitudes of a vast wilderness, and every now and then visited 
 the settlements with pockets well lined with silver. At last they 
 disappeared. A visit to their hut led to the discovery of an earthen 
 oven, of perhaps eighteen inches in thickness, which bore traces of 
 having been used in the reduction of silver ore. It is also affirmed 
 that a tanner living in Monroe county knew the location of the 
 mine. Now and then he would mysteriously appear from the sur- 
 rounding woodlands, carrying sacks of crude ore, which he ex- 
 changed in St. Louis for provisions. Before his death he told his 
 wife the location of the silver quite accurately, describing the 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 253 
 
 vicinity of the deserted hut of the Mexicans. Search was insti- 
 tuted and quite vigorously prosecuted without avail, yet many 
 citizens firmly believe silver to be among the undeveloped re- 
 sources which will yet contribute to the wealth of this community. 
 This precinct was formed by order of the county court, June 5th, 
 1839. The first election was held at the house of Lewis Pulse. 
 Isaac S. Reed, Robert Gooding and Philip Creamer acted as Judges 
 of the election. At present there are three voting places in the 
 precinct. 
 
 FIEST LAXD ENTEIES. 
 
 The first land entries in T. 1 S. R. 9 W., were by Thrmas Har- 
 rison, of 320 acres, being the West J of section 1, Sept. 7th, 1814 ; 
 by Sinil Lacey, of 340 acres, being the N. E. \ and the S. W. \ 
 sect. 2, Aug. 15, 1815; by Daniel Whitesides, 160 acres, being the 
 N. W. i sect. 2, Dec 16, 1814 ; by James Johnson, 320 acres. South 
 half sect. 3, Dec. 16, 1814; by Martin Randleman, 160 acres, 
 being the S. E. i sect. 9, Aug. 16th, 1814; by Mathew Langford, 
 160 acres, being the N. E. i.sect. 23, Sept 6th, 1814 ; by Cornelius 
 Gooding, 160 acres, being the 8. W. i sect. 10, Sept. 10th, 1816; 
 by "William Morriscn, 160 acres, being the N. E. i sect. 1, April 
 10th, 1815. In that part of T. 1 S. R. 10 W., which lies in this 
 precinct, firtt entiies were by Absalom Bradshaw,160 acres,. being 
 the N. E. i Kct. 24, Sept. 17th, 1814; by Samuel Hill, 122S, 
 acres in ftct. 4, Jan. 24lh, 1817. Before government lands had 
 been survejcd, £cme claims had been made, and confirmed as fol- 
 lows : Claim l&CO, survey 429, to George Lunceford; claim 1054 
 survey 782, to Thomas Warrs; claim 339, survey 430, to George 
 Lunceford ; claim 598, survey 557, to widow of Jacob Groot. All 
 these lands were first claimed in payment of military services ren- 
 dered in 1790, although some of the claims had been transferred. 
 Representatives of the Lunceford family yet own and live on claim 
 made by George Lunceford. Lunceford had been a soldier under 
 Clark in the service of Virginia, in the conquest of Illinois. He 
 settled first near Kaskaskia. In 1796 he and Samuel Judy opened 
 a farm on Sugar Loaf, on claim above-mentioned, which, in 1800, 
 became the sole property of Lunceford, Samuel Judy saying he 
 desired more elbow-room than this tract furnished. George Lunce- 
 ford died there in 1809. His son "William was born here in 1796, 
 the first birth in the precinct. 
 
 To him should be accredited the honor of being the first settler 
 in this precinct. For many years it was occupied as a common 
 hunting ground. The breaks in the bluffs which arose from the 
 Mississippi bottoms afibrded excellent harborage for panthers, wild 
 cats, wolves and bears, whilst the prairie strtetches, dotted here and 
 there by groves, ofttimes with a spring of living water, laughing 
 under their shade, invited deer in great numbers to luxuriate upon 
 their fatness. It was indeed a hunter's paradise. An old man 
 yet living in the precinct, told the writer that he had counted forty- 
 one deer in one gang, and was met in his pathway by a panther 
 the same night. 
 
 Old settlers speak of a deserted house-site on the bluffs, about 
 two miles south of Falling Springs, and just within the limits of 
 this precinct. Occupied by whom or when deserted no one knows. 
 It perhaps was built by one of the parties that attempted making 
 a settlement in this vicinity in 1796, including such pioneers as 
 Short, Griffen, Gibbons, Roberts and Valentine, which was soon 
 after abandoned. A grave-yard to the south-west, in Monroe 
 county, marks the location. 
 
 In the north-eastern part, some of the parties who came from 
 Bardy county, Virginia, and the vicinity of Hagerstown, Mary- 
 land, settled in 1800. • For history of this immigration, including 
 
 the Stookeys, Eymans, Millers, Randlemans and others, see the 
 chapter on Pioneers. Of their number Randleman and Teter 
 stopped in this precinct. 
 
 Among other early settlers might be mentioned Cornelius Good- 
 ing, (1816), James Glass, Robert Gooding, (1816), John Mauzy, 
 Charles Jones, Matthew Roach, (1815), the Laceys, John Primm, 
 of Cahokia, at an earlier date, and Goodner, the Baileys, John 
 Little, Simon Stookey, 1822. 
 
 John Little selected a home on section 4, and exercised the pre- 
 caution of setting out a small cedar tree as a guide when he should 
 return with his family, which he shortly afterwards did. The tree 
 is yet standing. 
 
 In early times these settlers were compelled to repair to "White- 
 side's station, in Monroe county, for safety from marauding bands 
 of Indians. 
 
 Reynolds, in his history refers to John Primm as follows : " In 
 1803 John Primm emigrated from Virginia, and settled first in the 
 New Design— made a crop there, and settled at the foot of the Mis- 
 ssisippi bluff, south-east of Cahokia ; remained there several years, 
 and moved to his plantation, a few miles south-west of Belleville. 
 Here he died in 1836, aged almost eighty-seven years. Mr. Primm 
 was born in Stafford county, Virginia ; served in the Revolutionary 
 war, immediately under General Washington, and assisted in the 
 glorious capture of Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, in the year 
 1781. This was the crowning battle for the freedom of the colonies, 
 and Primm enjoyed the honor of aiding in this great and glorious 
 victory. He had a large family — seventeen children — four girls 
 and thirteen sons. He lived the even, temperate life of an agri- 
 culturist, and performed all his duties to the Creator, and to man, 
 in a moral and correct manner." 
 
 It is believed that within the limits of this precinct, or its ex- 
 treme western boundary, was enacted a tragedy which resulted in 
 the death of Vallis and capture of Biggs, in 1788. The old trail 
 from Bellefontaine to Cahokia passed through here, and at the 
 point where it begins its descent into the valley is a fit place for 
 such scenes. The account, as given by Reynolds in his history of 
 Illinois, is as follows: "In the spring of 1788 Lieutenant Biggs 
 had been out hunting, and had got some beaver fur, which he was 
 desirous of selling at Cahokia. He then resided in Bellefontaine, 
 and started in company with Vallis for Cahokia. Early in the 
 morning of March 28th, whilst riding on the road to his trading 
 post, they heard the report of two guns. Biggs supposed them to 
 be hunters ; but soon after he saw sixteen Indians with their guns 
 presented. He and Vallis whipped their horses, but in vain — all 
 the Indians fired their pieces at him and his comrade. The bullets 
 riddled the horse of Biggs, killed him, and shot four holes through 
 Biggs' overcoat, but did not hit him. A ball entered the thigh of 
 Vallis, of which wound he died six weeks afterwards. The horse 
 of Vallis carried him to the Fort. Biggs, his furs, saddle and all 
 fell off his horse ; and, after running some distance, the Indians 
 caught him and made him a prisoner. He was taken to an 
 Indian town on the Wabash river, traveling the three hun- 
 dred miles in ten days. He was ransomed, by agreeing to 
 pay a Spaniard, Bazedone, two hundred and sixty dollars 
 ransom, and thirty-seven more for other necessaries with which 
 to enable him to reach home. He descended the Wabash and 
 the Ohio to the Mississippi — up that river to the Kaskaskia, 
 and on home to Bellefontaine. In 1790 he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor St. Clair Sheriff of St. Clair county, which ofilce he held for 
 many years. 
 
 In this precinct it was that Thomas Harrison built the first cot- • 
 ton gin ever established in Illinois, which was erected in 1813. 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Frank Koacli built the first mill more than sixty years ago, a 
 primitive corn mill, erected on section 12, T. 1 S. R. 9 W. Sub- 
 sequently Samuel and Matthew Roach built a mill on Forbes' 
 Fork, which was washed away the same year. Frank Roach lived 
 to the great age of 106 years. When 102 years old he went with 
 a grandson to the store kept by William McClintock, in Belleville, 
 and challenged him to a wrestle. 
 
 The first cemetery was that near the Union Meeting House, on 
 sect. 11, T. 1 S. R. 9 W. John Ross was the first person interred, 
 October 1st, 1823. Thomas Jarrott, the second, October i6th, 
 1823. Union Meeting House was the first house for worship built, 
 which was in 1819. 
 
 A man named Gallop taught the first school. Taught in the 
 Union Meeting House, about two miles north-east of Millstadt, 
 in 1824. 
 
 Dr. W. C. Goforth, alias " old pills," was the first physician to 
 practice in the precinct. He lived in Columbia and Cahokia, 
 afterwards in Belleville, where he died. 
 
 Joshua Hughes was the first blacksmith, as well as the first coal 
 operator. His smithy was opened in 1829. He took out coal 
 from a hill-side, about a half mile south-east of Centerville, in 
 1830. This bank was afterwards transferred to, and operated by 
 Benjamin Goodner. It has long since been abandoned. 
 
 Among the earlier marriages were Isaac Gooding, to Polly Cox, 
 March 28th, 1820, and Nathan Cox, to Elizabeth R. Gooding, 
 September 13th, 1826, by Cornelius Gooding, J. P. 
 
 Coal Mines. — George Grossman has a mine on section 25, T. 1 
 S. R. 9 W., which was first opened by Andrew PfeiflTer, in 1842. 
 It is entered from a hill-side, thus becoming what is known as a 
 coal bank. The vein of coal is about 6 J feet in- thickness, and is 
 of very superior quality. It is not worked to its full capacity, 
 only sufficiently to meet local demands. 
 
 Teuerhahn, Muskopf & Co. operate a shaft about fifty feet deep 
 within the corporate limits of Millstadt. Vein six to seven feet 
 thick, local trade. 
 
 In early times Simon Stookey and Daniel Eastwood ran for 
 Justice of the Peace. Eastwood was elected. The first case brought 
 before him was for assault and battery. He fined the victor in the 
 fight three dollars, which he promptly handed to the vanquished 
 party, saying, " You got licked and are entitled to the fine." The 
 squire's ideas of justice were more consistent with equity than with 
 law, as many of his decision prove. 
 
 In 1825, a dollar of paper money passed current for twenty-five 
 cents, cut in two ; each half would pass for twelve and a half cents, 
 or a " bit," as it was termed. Bits being popular change, half bills 
 were common. 
 
 Jacob Randleman brought the first clock to the precinct, an old- 
 fashioned wooden one, about six feet high. His brother Michael 
 was a blacksmith. One day he proposed to Jacob the feasibility of 
 their making a duplicate clock so that each could have a time-piece. 
 Jacob, being a carpenter, agreed, saying, " I can make the wood- 
 work, if you can iron it," says Michael ; " I know I can iron it.' 
 So at it they went, taking the old clock apart, using its wheels by 
 which to mark out patterns for the second edition. Having all their 
 patterns completed, they concluded to put the old clock together, 
 which they attempted. A sorry job it was. After it was together, 
 and when they couldn't see another place to put a wheel, they had 
 material enough left for another clock. They wound it up, the hands 
 refused to move, not so the striking weight. It went lustily to work, 
 and without ceasing rung out a full week's striking. The brothers 
 thought the thing bewitched, and after repeated trials to replace 
 
 the old-fashioned clock, they confessed their ignorance of clock, 
 making and burned up the unruly machinery. 
 
 We have phrases peculiar to states, to districts of country, and 
 why not one peculiar to a precinct ? Of such a character is the ex- 
 pression, "a Bornman trip." Its origin is this. About 1840, Da- 
 niel Bornman started for St. Louis on horseback, with two baskets 
 of eggs slung across his horse. On his way the rope broke, and as 
 a consequence the eggs also were broken. He returned home rather 
 crestfallen at his ill luck, and ever after a disastrous trip is called 
 by the neighbors " a Bornman trip." 
 
 The first German settlers here were Daniel Wagner, Theobald and 
 Jacob Miller, who crossed the sea together in 1834. They landed at 
 New Orleans, thence proceeded to St. Louis and Centerville, where 
 they bought land the same year. This was the nucleus of a settlement 
 that continued to grow until now the German population occupy 
 the territory included in this precinct almost exclusively. There 
 are but seven families of English descent in the congressional town- 
 ship in which the town of Millstadt is situated. They are an in- 
 dustrious, frugal, and energetic people. Thoroughly awake to every 
 improvement which promises additional comfort or added wealth, 
 they sufier no idlers among them, believing that " by the sweat of 
 the brow man should earn his bread." They perpetuate their social 
 societies for purposes of mutual improvement, and are loath to give 
 up the customs they brought with them as an inheritance from the 
 "Vaterland." 
 
 TOWN OF MILLSTADT. 
 
 In 1836, Simon Stookey was having a baru built on section four. 
 Several men were lending a helping band, among them Joseph 
 Abend, a bachelor saddler, and Henry Randleman. It was there 
 proposed to Randleman that this would be a most eligible town- 
 site. The matter was talked over. Abend said it was seven miles 
 to Belleville, seven to Columbia, and seven to the lake, and he pro- 
 posed the name of Centerville for the embryo city. Randleman 
 acted on the suggestion, and on March 13th, 1837, Centerville was 
 platted, forty lots being set apart in section 9, T. 1 S. R. 9 W. 
 To the original site four additions were made, respectively July 
 15, 1837, sixty lots; October 27, 1842, eleven lots; October 28, 
 1842, fifty lots, and October 15, 1845, two hundred lots; all in the 
 S. W. i section 9. August 27, 1847, George Heuckler made an 
 addition of seventy-nine lots on W. i S. E. i, same section, followed 
 by another addition, same party, of sixty-nine lots, November 25, 
 1848. Cornelius Gooding made an addition, north of town, of forty 
 lots, August 1, 1850; James Glass, one of thirty-six lots, August 1, 
 1850. James Glass et al. addition of twenty blocks, March 25, 
 1852 : George Hencklcr, addition on the W. J N. E. \, section 16, 
 and Joseph Kopp, addition, August 21, 1860, of thirty lots. Thus, 
 from time to time, ample provision was made to accommodate the 
 growth of the town. The name Centerville was retained until the 
 year 1880, when the Board of Trustees, after giving thirty days' 
 notice wherein to ofier any remonstrance, changed the name to 
 that of the post-office Millstadt. 
 
 It was incorporated by the unanimous vote of her citizens, Oct. 
 26th, 1867. The first board of trustees were elected Nov. 2d, 1867. 
 George W. Seiber, Adam Hoff'mann, John dinger, Henry Schul- 
 theis, and Nicholas Theobald, Trustees. 
 
 Population — census of 1880—1274. 
 
 Dr. W. S. Van Cleve, now a resident of Belleville, was the first 
 physician to locate in Centerville. Located here in 1845. His 
 practice extended for fifteen miles. 
 
 George Kuntz was the first postmaster, appointed in 1841. The 
 mail was carried on horseback once a week. 
 
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HISTORY 01 bT. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 255 
 
 Henry Eandleman, and William Davis, opened the first grocery 
 store in a log building, 16x18 feet, in 1837. 
 
 Loyat Brater kept the first general store in 1849. Cumraings 
 opened the first house for public entertainment, on the site now 
 occupied by Brenfleck's Hotel in 1843. The original building was 
 a two-story frame. Leonard Daub built a brewery in 1846. Con- 
 tinued in operation until 1874. In 1842 Conrad Schmidt had 
 erected a brewery on section 16, south of Centerville, which was 
 abandoned in 1849. All traces of its location are gone. 
 
 Valentine Brenfleck built a brewery in 1849, at a cost, including 
 improvements made since, of $31,000. Operated it until 1878, 
 since which time it has stood-idle. After it was first built, he 
 stored his beer in a coal bank, west of Centerville, paying for the 
 privilege two kegs of beer per annum. 
 
 The Lutheran church (Zion) was first built in 1844 ; since a new 
 church has been erected. The Catholic (St. Jacob's), in 1847. 
 
 Prominent among the enterprises of Millstadt, in fact the most 
 important in the town, are two extensive merchant mills. That 
 now owned by Becker and Sterns was first built in 1857-8, by 
 Franz Baur. The present proprietors have added to its original 
 capacity, by putting in a new Corliss engine, and erecting an ele- 
 vator attachment, with a capacity of storing 40,000 bushels. The 
 mill is provided with five run of stone, and can turn out 32.5 bar- 
 rels of flour per day. Edward Schoening is Manager, and Chas. 
 Jacobs, Clerk. 
 
 Franz Baur's mill was erected in 1876, at a cost of $-50,000, and 
 has the latest improved machinery ; six run of stone, with a ca- 
 pacity of 450 barrels of flour a day. It is kept constantly 
 busy, and manufactures an average of 300 barrels of flour per day, 
 which is shipped chiefly to St. Louis, Mo., and Providence, Rhode 
 Island. Jacob Theobald, Clerk. 
 
 BUSINESS OP MILLSTADT. 
 
 . Hotels; "Planters' House," by Val. Brenfleck; "City Hall," 
 l)y Joseph Carl; John Darr; Peter Kalbfleisch has a Hotel in pro- 
 gress of erection. 
 
 General Merchants; Heniy Imbgeus; Henry Plate, Philip 
 "Balz, Christian Hess, Joseph Marxer, Nicholas Theobald, Charles 
 Young, Hermann Brueggenjuergen, William Teilnius. 
 
 Boots and Shoes; Henry Hahn. 
 
 Drugs; Eugene Kring, Alfred Kring. 
 
 Cigar Makers; Francis Wilkens, No. 81, established 1862, 
 makes from 75 to 80,000 cigars annually, for which a home market 
 is found ; Wm. Tennis. 
 
 Wagon Makers; One of the leading industries is represented by 
 
 Henry Hinton; George Altschuk; William Sieber; William 
 Brauser; John M. Diesel; Fred. Hartmann. 
 
 Tinsmith and Stove Store; George Nolle. 
 
 Blacksmiths; Daniel Schmahlenberger; George Oldendorph ; 
 Adam Herbert; Phillip Mueller; Frederick Mueller; Cornelius 
 Markle; Jacob Muskopf. 
 
 Physicians; Adolph Schlernitzauer ; A. Berkebile Vogel. 
 
 Postmaster; John Dehn. 
 
 Shoemakers ; Henry Petr6 ; John Dehn. 
 
 Harness and Saddlery ; Peter F. Breidecker ; Louis Theobald. 
 
 Twelve saloons flourish here. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Treu Bund, No. 267, organized Jan. 10, 1875, with twenty charter 
 members. Meets every Wednesday evening. 
 
 I. O. O. F. Lodge, No. 567. Instituted April, 1875. Meetings 
 every Tuesday evening. 
 
 In addition to these there is a local Union Aid Society, organized 
 Sept. 23d, 1866, with seventy members, which meets semi-monthly 
 on Saturday evenings. 
 
 ROACH TOWN 
 
 is a small collection of houses in the S. h of the N. E. i of section 
 12, clustered about Roach's Mill. This mill was built in 1864. It 
 is a frame building, one story with basement. Has one run of 
 burrs. In 1867 a saw mill was attached to the grist mill. Owners 
 are Samuel P. Roach & Son. This mill occupies the site improved 
 by the erection of a mill by the grandfather of the present pro- 
 prietor more than sixty years ago. Samuel and Matthew Roach 
 also aided in perpetuating the reputation of the Roach's as mill 
 owners and builders, by erecting one on Forbes' Creek, which was 
 washed away the same year. 
 
 Crime : — A most atrocious murder was committed in this precinct 
 March 19th, 1872, by whom or why are matters yet to be deter- 
 mined. Stelzenriede, his son and his son's wife, and two children 
 were all killed the same night. The coroner's inquest developed 
 the fact that their heads had been pounded as though by a billet 
 of wood and their throats cut. 
 
 This precinct furnished three soldiers to the Black Hawk war, 
 Joshua W. Hughes, who was 1st lieutenant of a rifle company, C. 
 T. Askins, and Gregory. 
 
 There are churches, here and there, throughout the precinct, 
 among them a Presbyterian, not heretofore referred to on section 
 28, T. 1 N. R. 9 W. For additional history of schools, churches, 
 &c., see appropriate chapters in this work. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 «-«-'wj^gj§:^e/n->-» 
 
 Dr. JOHN SALTENBERGER. 
 
 Tais gentleman, who is now practicing medicine near Millstadt, 
 is a native of Nassau, and was born at Naunstadt am Usingen, 
 April 1st, 1838. His parents were John William Saltenberger and 
 Elizabeth Miller. He was the third of seven children. In the 
 year 1847 his father emigrated with the family to America. Land- 
 ing at New Orleans, they came up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and 
 after living in that city about a mouth, came to St. Clair county, 
 where his father bought a farm of ninety-nine acres, a mile and a 
 half south of Millstadt, where he lived till his death on the 18th of 
 May, 1877. Dr. Saltenberger was about nine years old when the 
 family left Germany. In the year 1858, at the age of twenty, he 
 began the study of medicine with Dr. Peter Brower, at Millstadt. 
 He afterward pursued the study of Latin under Dr. Gander of 
 Waterloo, Monroe county, and was under his instruction at the 
 time of the breaking out of the war of the rebellion. He went to 
 St. Louis, and in April, 1861, enlisted in Co. H, of the 4th Missouri 
 regiment. He took part in the capture of Camp Jackson, St. 
 Louis ; was afterward stationed at Bird's Point, Mo. ; then at Cai- 
 ro ; and then returned to St. Louis, where he remained till the ex- 
 piration of his term of service, with the exception of making an 
 expedition to central Missouri. 
 
 After his three months' military experience he resumed his Latin 
 studies. In the fall of 1861 he entered the St. Louis Medical Col- 
 lege, and after attending three courses of lectures, graduated in 
 March, 1864. He first located at Bethalto, Madison county, but 
 three months afterward removed to Ogle's Station, St. Clair coun- 
 ty. February, 1865, he enlisted as private in the 149th Illinois 
 regiment. He acted as hospital steward at Charleston, Tennessee, 
 and then accompanied his regiment to Dalton, Georgia. For three 
 days he had charge of the smallpox hospital at that place, and was 
 then detailed to the brigade hospital as hospital steward. He was 
 afterward hospital steward for six months and a half at Atlanta, 
 and toward the close of the year 1866 rejoined his regiment at Dal- 
 ton, Georgia. He was mustered out at Camp Butler, Springfield. 
 After returning from the army he practiced his profession for six 
 weeks at Vincennes, Indiana, and then was located three months at 
 Freelandsville in the same state. He returned to St. Clair county 
 in the summer of 1866. While visiting St. Louis he was attacked 
 with the cholera, and after recovering, settled at Fayetteville, in 
 this county, where he remained (with the exception of one year, 
 during which he practiced at a place five miles from that town) till 
 1872, when he moved to Washington county, Illinois. In the fall 
 of 1875 he returned to the old homestead to live with his father, 
 who had been left alone by his brother's death, and has since been 
 256 
 
 engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery, and is also em- 
 ployed in farming. 
 
 He was married on the 11th of November, 1872, to Anna Liuisa 
 Sumnicht, who was born at Pottsdam, Prussia, on the 10th of April, 
 1863. He owns the old homestead farm on which he has erected a 
 substantial and handsome residence, a view of which appears among 
 our illustrations. The doctor has always been a republican in poli- 
 tics. 
 
 GEORGE JACOB LINDAUER. 
 
 George Jacob Lindauer, one of the representative farmers 
 about Millstadt, is a native of Gruppenbah, Wurttemburg, Ger- 
 many, and was born March 21st, 1835. His father was George 
 Lindauer, and his mother's name before marriage was Christina 
 Glumm. The subject of this sketch was the third of a family of 
 nine children, of whom eight are now living. His father was a 
 farmer, and owned land in Germany. Mr. Lindauer was raised 
 in his native town of Gruppenbah, and, as is the custom in Ger- 
 many, attended school from the time he was six till he was fourteen 
 years old. After leaving school he worked at home on the farm . 
 In 1 852 the whole family emigrated to America. After a voyage 
 across the Atlantic, which lasted fifty-two days, they landed at 
 New Orleans in the beginning of the year 1853. From New 
 Orleans they came up the Mississippi to Cairo, where they found 
 the river frozen by the extreme cold weather ; and from that place 
 they made the journey by wagon to St. Clair county, which they 
 designed making their residence. His father settled in the High 
 Prairie, four miles south-east of Millstadt, and died in 1863, His 
 mother is still living on the old homestead farm. 
 
 When he came to America Mr. Lindauer was about eighteen 
 years old. He was living at home, working on the farm till Octo- 
 ber, 1863, when he married Katherina Lindauer, daughter of 
 Frederick Lindauer. Her mother's maiden name was Elizabeth 
 Lepper. Mrs. Lindauer was born in the town of Millstadt. The 
 same year that he was married he went to farming, half a mile 
 west of Millstadt, where he has since lived and been engaged in 
 carrying on agricultural operations. He owns one hundred and 
 twenty acres of land. A picture of his farm and residence may 
 be seen on another page. The names of his four children are 
 Loms, Frederick, Carolina and Katherina. He has been one of 
 the enterprising farmers of that part of the county, and has car- 
 ried on agriculture with intelligence and success' He is known 
 as an industrious and hard-working man, and has paid close atten- 
 tion to his farm and his business affairs. He possesses good busi- 
 
^i^m 
 
 Parm PaoPmrr or GEORGE JAC0B.LINDEUER,E8(^.(Sec.8 J. I.S,R.9)GENTREV,LLEPR.ST.CLAmCo.lLL. 
 
 M'^^^rAaTHoTELPETERKALBFLEISCH,Esp.PRaRRrcTaR,M,LL^rAOT,STCLAmC^. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 2.57 
 
 ness qualifications, and is one of the progressive citizens of that 
 portion of St. Clair county. He has taken no specially active part 
 in politics, nor has ever cared- to be a candidate for public office. 
 He has generally acted with the democratic party, and believes 
 that the principles of that organization are best fitted to secure the 
 perpetuation of American institutions. His name is worthy of 
 mention in this work as a representative of that numerous and 
 industrious class of citizens of foreign birth, who have made their 
 home in St. Clair county; have assisted in the development of its 
 agricultural resources, and have secured for themselves the reputa- 
 tion of good citizens and useful members of the community. 
 
 PETER KALBFLEISCH 
 
 Is a native of Millstadt, and was born on the I7th of April, 1846. 
 His father, Peter John Kalbfleisch, was born in Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many, and when a young man came to America, and was among 
 the early German settlers of St. Clair county. He was a carpenter 
 by trade. In the year 1837 he was employed in building the rail- 
 road from the bluff to East St. Louis. This was the first railroad 
 constructed in the state. He helped to drive the piles across the 
 lake at the foot of the bluff, where the water was then eighteen feet 
 deep. He married Anna Elizabeth Barbara Oldendorf,. also a 
 native of Darmstadt. Mr. Kalbfleisch's father settled at Millstadt 
 where for some time he carried on the carpentering business, and 
 then bought a farm, half a mile south-east of the town, on which 
 he lived till he died. The subject of this sketch was the third of a 
 family of five children, of whom four are now living. He was 
 raised in the town of Millstadt. He was married in December, 
 1866, to Mary Keller, who was born on a farm near Millstadt, and 
 was the daughter of John Leonard Keller. 
 
 After his marriage Mr. Kalbfleisch went to farming for himself, 
 and was so engaged till 1874, when he met with a serious injury, 
 a rifle being accidentally discharged in his hands, the ball passing 
 through one of his legs, and carrying away pieces of the bone. 
 This disabled him from labor for two years, and he expend- 
 ed a large amount of money for surgical advice. The effects 
 of this wound rendered him incapable of active work on the farm, 
 and he accordingly moved to Millstadt. In 1881 he erected a 
 large brick building to be used for hotel purposes. This building 
 is the largest structure in the town, outside of the mills, and a view 
 of it appears among our illustrations. He has had nine children. 
 The names of the five now living are Louis, Ida, Peter, Edward, 
 and Anna. He has taken no active part in politics, or in public 
 affairs, but has given his attention to his business. 
 
 G. VALENTINE BRENFLECK 
 
 Has lived at Millstadt since 1848. He was born at Ilmspan, Baden, 
 July 6th, 1823. His parents were Antoine and Marianna Brenfleck. 
 He went to school from the age of six to fourteen, and was then 
 apprenticed to the milling business. In 1846, at the age of twenty- 
 three, he emigrated to America. In 1846 and 1847 he was in Ohio, 
 Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois and Missouri, remain- 
 ing a short time in each state, his principal object being to see the 
 country. He worked at his trade for a short time in St. Louis and 
 Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. In 1848 he married Barbara Funsch, 
 who was born il^Bavaria in 1824, and came to America in 1846. 
 The same year in which he was married he settled at Millstadt. In 
 1849 he erected a brewery at that place. He was engaged at differ- 
 
 ent business enterprises, and at one time owned two hundred and 
 twenty-five acres of land. He also carried on a brewery at Water- 
 loo. The payment of security debts deprived him of a great part 
 of his property. He now carries ou a hotel at Millstadt, and is the 
 owner of Union Park, adjoining the town. Four of his ten children 
 are living. His sou, Valentine Brenfleck, is farming near Mt. 
 Vernon, Jefferson county. His three daughters are named Lena, 
 Sophie Barbara, and Carolina Katarina. He has always been a 
 democrat. 
 
 CHARLES T.-ASKINS, 
 
 Who is now the oldest settler in Centerville precinct, was born in 
 Grayson county, Kentucky, May 27th, 1810. His grandfather. 
 El ward Askins, settled iu Virginia, and was one of the army that 
 accompanied General Braddock on his expedition to Western 
 Pennsylvania, and was present at Braddock's defeat. Philemon. 
 Askins, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Virginia. 
 He had a brother by the name of John Askins, who served in the 
 revolutionary war, and was considered one of the stoutest men in 
 the American army. Mr. Askins' mother's name was Philenor 
 Stayton. She was born in Maryland. Mr. Askins' parents, at an 
 early date, moved to Kentucky, and first settled at Louisville, 
 -where they lived for a number of years, and then moved to Gray- 
 son county. There were twelve children in all, of whom nine were 
 born at Louisville, and three in Grayson county. Charles T. Asking 
 was the tenth child, there being two younger than^himself. 
 
 In -the fall of 1819 Mr. Askins' father and mother came to Illi- 
 nois, to look at the country and visit a daughter who had married 
 John Bloom, and settled in Illinois in 1802. This John 
 Bloom made the eighteenth entry of public lands in Illinois. The 
 land which he entered was the one-half of section three, of town- 
 ship one south, range nine west. Part of this identical land is now 
 owned by Mr. Askins. Liking the country, Mr. Askins' parents 
 sent back for the younger children, who reached Illinois in Feb., 
 •1820. They lived part of the time on the tract of land north of 
 Millstadt (sec. three, township one south, range nine west), and 
 part of the time near Venice, in Madison county. Philemon As- 
 kins died in St. Clair county in 1831 : his wife had died previously 
 in 1826. 
 
 Mr. Askins was in his tenth year when he came to this state, in 
 February, 1820. The school facilities in those days were extremely 
 limited. He had gone to school a little in Kentucky, but after he 
 came to St. Clair county,. there were for several years no schools in 
 his neighborhood. He went to school for a while at Venice, and 
 also at Jacksonville. The first school he attended in St. Clair 
 county was in the year 1828. The teacher's name was Gallop. He 
 lived at home till his father's death, and then continued to live on 
 the old homestead, and engaged in farming on his own account. 
 He was married on the 10th of January, 1854, to Mrs. Jane M. 
 Drew, who was born in Gallatin county, Illinois. Her maiden name 
 was Russell. He has since been occupied in farming on the same 
 tract of land on which the family settled on coming to the county. 
 He has had six children, whose names are as follows: Louisa, wife 
 of George W. Vance, who resides in the State of Virginia ; John 
 W. Askins, who died at the age of twenty-two ; Charles T. Askins, 
 George Askins, Nancy Askins and May Askins. 
 
 He has always been a democrat in politics. He cast his first 
 vote for president for Andrew Jackson, and has been a staunch sup- 
 porter of democratic principles from that time to the present; and 
 has voted for every subsequent democratic candidate for president, 
 with the exception of Greeley in 1872. 
 
258 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 He formerly held a commissioD as captain in the militia, in the 
 old days when the whole male population of the county between 
 the ages of eighteen and forty-five were required to muster three 
 times a year. He served in the last campaign of the Black Hawk 
 war in 1832, as a member of Capt. John Tate's Independent Com- 
 pany of Eiflemen. He took part in all the marches of that cam- 
 paign. Mr. Askins was the democratic candidate for representative 
 in the legislature, against G. A. Koerner, Jr., and was only defeated 
 by twenty votes. For the last twenty years he has been a director 
 in the county fair association. 
 
 HENRY HUBER. 
 
 One of the citizens of St. Clair county of German birth who 
 have become successful business men is Henry Huber, a resident of 
 Millstadt, who for a number of years carried on business in that 
 town. He is a native of Rheinfalz, Bavaria, and was born at Elm- 
 stein on the 4th of October, 1834. His father, Charles Philip 
 Huber, at one time carried on an extensive business at Elmstein. 
 A short distance from that town he bought a property which had 
 .formerly been used as an iron works, and established a saw mill, an 
 oil mill, and a flouring mill, all under one roof, and propelled by 
 water power. Here he carried on business for some time, but sub- 
 sequently lost a considerable part of his property by the payment 
 of security debts for other people. 
 
 Mr. Henry Huber was the youngest of a family of seven- 
 teen children. His mother died when he wag four years old. 
 "When he was six years old he went to live with an older sister, who 
 had married and had gone to live at Kaiserslautern, Bavaria, and 
 that town was subsequently Mr. Huber 's home till he was nineteen 
 (19) years old. He went to school till he was thirteen. At the 
 age of fifteen he began to learn the tailor's trade, at which he 
 served an apprenticeship of two years. The idea of emigrating to 
 America, where two of his sisters had previously gone, had occu- 
 pied his mind for several years. In 1853 all the unmarried mem- 
 bers of the family, two sisters and two brothers beside himself, five 
 in all, sailed for the United States. His father had died in 
 Germany previous to this date. Landing at New Orleans, from 
 that city they ascended the Mississippi river to St. Louis, and 
 thence came to St. Clair county, reaching Millstadt, where his sister 
 lived, on the 29th of November, 1853. 
 
 Mr. Huber was then nineteen. His first occupation was as clerk 
 in the store of his brother-in-law, F. M. Fass. He remained in 
 this store one year and nine months, when he was taken sick, and 
 after recovering from an illness which lasted about four months 
 he entered the store of Jacob Miller, with whom he remained four 
 years. He became thoroughly acquainted with the business, was 
 industrious and attentive to customers, and in 1859, at which time 
 Miller disposed of his business to Joseph McKee, there was an 
 understanding that Mr. Huber should become Mr. Mckee's partner. 
 This partnership lasted about one year, when Mr. McKee became 
 anxious to quit the business, and Mr. Huber bought out his interest. 
 From that time till 1865 he carried on the mercantile business at 
 Millstadt, on his own account. He paid close attention to his busi- 
 ness, and managed itwith enterprise and success. The period during 
 which he conducted the store covered the war of the rebellion, 
 when the rise in values and activity in business circles gave favor- 
 able opportunities to shrewd and enterprising business men. From 
 1860 to 1865 he acted as postmaster at Millstadt. Since the latter 
 year he has been employed in no active business, but has lived in 
 a comfortable and leisurely retirement at Millstadt. In 1866 he 
 
 revisited Europe, leaving this country in April and returning in 
 November. He reviewed the scenes of his early childhood days in 
 the fatherland, and spent several months of pleasure in the midst 
 of old acquaintances and associates. 
 
 His marriage occurred on the 5th of August, 1860, to Miss 
 Sophie E. Krieger, who was born in St. Clair county, three miles 
 west of Millstadt, on the 2d of February, 1843. She was the 
 daughter of George Philip Krieger. Her mother's maiden name 
 was Mary Justina Stemraler. From the time he could take any 
 active participation in politics he was a member of the republican 
 party. On coming to the United States his sympathies inclined, 
 him to side with the free-soil party, in its contest against slavery 
 and when he became capable of exercising the right of suffrage he 
 cast his first vote for president for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and 
 thus assisted in the election of the first republican president of the 
 United States. He has, however, been no politician, and has con- 
 fined his efforts to the support of the measures and candidates of the 
 republican party. While proprietor of the store he carried on 
 business on business principles, and was straightforward, honest, 
 and energetic. His name is here presented as one of the successful 
 business men of the county. 
 
 "W. J. McBRIDE (deceased). 
 
 W. J. McBride was born in Loudon county, Virginia, on the 
 15th of March, 1808. His father was John McBride. His 
 mother's name before marriage was Sarah Watkins. He was the 
 third of a family of seven children. When he was five years old 
 the family moved from Loudon to Hampshire county, Virginia, 
 where two years afterward his father died. Our subject passed 
 most of his useful days in Hampshire county. He obtained an 
 average common-school education. He came to Illinois in 1829. 
 His mother and the rest of the family also came to this state and 
 settled at Belleville. Mr. McBride came to Centerville township, 
 April 5, 1831 ; he married Dovej Harrison, daughter of Thomas 
 Harrison. Her father was born in Georgia, December 13, 1779, 
 moyed to Illinois in 1804, and settled in section six of township 
 one south, range eight west, and about the year 1815 moved to 
 section one of township one south, range nine west. Mrs. McBride 
 was born April 30, 1814. In the year 1826 Thomas Harrison 
 moved to Belleville where he bought an ox-mill which had been 
 started by Wilkinson & Riiigold which he ran for some time, and 
 then in 1831 started the first steam mill ever built in Belleville. 
 He was subsequently prominently connected with the milling and 
 manufacturing interests of Belleville. He died at Minneapolis, 
 Minnesota, on the 27th of August, 1867. Mrs. McBride's mother, 
 whose maiden name was Margaret Gilbreth, was born in one of the 
 Carolinas on the 10th of July, 1782. 
 
 Mr. McBride lived some years after his marriage in Belleville 
 and then settled on the farm in section one of township one 
 south, range nine west, on which he lived till his death. He began 
 life without any means except his own energy and industry, and 
 succeeded in acquiring a competence. He was a man of good 
 business qualifications. At the time of his death he owned three 
 hundred and sixty-three acres of land. In early life he was a 
 member of the Whig party and afterward became a Democrat. 
 He became connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 
 1830, of which he was a member for the remainder of his life. His 
 time was devoted to his farm and his business affairs, and he was 
 never a candidate for any public office. Of his seven children, four 
 are now living. John McBride resides at Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
Residence & Property or D .C.S C H MA H LE N B Eff C E R Esq. 
 Wagon Manufactory &c. OF D.C SCHMAHLEN6ERGER & G EO. A LT SCHU H . Millstaot.Ill 
 
 
 \ 
 
 Residence: 8c SODA Water Factory of Cf^R/ST/AN F/SCH EH j^SQ.M/LL3TADr,pEmREv/LLEPRJST.CLAjR CoJll^ 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 259 
 
 Margaret Olive is the wife of J. C. Wilderman of this county. 
 Thomas H. McBride is engaged in the practice of medicine at 
 Joliet. William E. McBride, the youngest child, and the only son 
 now living in the county, was born on the old homestead farm on 
 the 1st of August, 1849. He graduated from McKendree college 
 in 1871. He was married September 1, 1875, to Jennie L. 
 Thatcher, who was born at Marion, Williamson County, and gra- 
 duated from McKendree college in 1872. Her father, the Rev. 
 John Thatcher, now deceased, was a minister of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 D. C. SCHMAHLENBERGER. 
 
 D. C. ScHMAHLENBERGEE, a picture of whose residence and 
 blacksmith establishment in Millstadt shown on another page, is 
 a native of Center ville township, and was born October 6th, 1850. 
 His grandfather John Schmdhlenberger, emigrated to America 
 in 183;5, and settled in St. Clair county in the year 1834. 
 He was among the early German settl -rs of the county, and entered 
 land in section twenty-one of township one south, range nine west, 
 a mile and a half south of Millstadt, where Dr. John Saltenberger 
 now lives. Jacob J. Schmahlenberger, the father of the gentleman 
 whose names heads this sketch, was born in Germany, and was about 
 ten years old, when he came to America, and about eleven, when his 
 father settled in this county. When twenty- four years of age, he mar- 
 ried Sophia Weckler, also a native of Germany. Her father had 
 settled five miles south-west of Millstadt. After his marriage, he 
 went to farming in section thirty-two of township one south, range 
 nine west, where he has since resided. He owns two hundred and 
 thirty acres of land. He has had five children, all sons : Daniel 
 C, Jacob, William, August, and Frederick. 
 
 Daniel C. Schmahlenberger, the eldest child, was raised in this 
 township. He obtained a common school education, and when 
 seventeen, began learning the blacksmith trade at Millstadt. After 
 completing his trade, he went to Wisconsin, and from 1872 to 1874, 
 was working at the blacksmith business at Fort Atkinson, in that 
 state. He came back to Millstadt, and in 1877 started a shop of 
 his own, and has since carried on business. He was married July 
 31st, 1876, to Carolina Ohlendorf, who was born near Millstadt, 
 and was the daughter of Henry and Philopena Ohlendorf. He has 
 three children, whose names are Richard, Edward and Sophia. He 
 is independent in politics, and generally votes for the man whom 
 he considers best fitted for the office, without regard to the party 
 to which he belongs. 
 
 CASPAR BOEMER 
 
 Was born at Warstein, Prussia, May 8, 1813. He was the only 
 child of Frank Boemer and his wife, Clara, whose maiden name 
 was Semmelmann. His father was a farmer, and died when 
 Caspar Boemer was six years old. Mr. Boemer went to school 
 at Warstein till thirteen, and afterwards was eighteen months 
 at a college at Liepstadt and one year at a college at Geseke. In 
 1833 he volunteered in the Prussian army and served till 1836. 
 After leaving the military service he determined to emigrate to 
 America, and in company with his mother's brother sailed from 
 Bremen and landed at New York, June 27, 1837. He was then 
 twenty-four. After a few months stay in Ohio he came to St. 
 Louis where he lived till 1841. He was married in St. Louis in 
 November, 1840, to Catherine Rodemich, daughter of Philip 
 Rodemich. She was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, and 
 came to America in 1836 when fifteen. 
 
 In 1841 he came to St. Clair county, and for five hundred dol- 
 lars bought eighty acres of land in section eight of township one 
 south, range nine west. lie had lost in St. Louis all the money 
 he had brought from the old country and borrowed one hundred 
 and twenty-five dollars with which to make the first payment on 
 his purchase. There were then no improvements, not even a 
 fence rail ,on the land. He began the improvement of the place, 
 put in a crop, and through the winter season, worked in St. LquIs 
 to secure money with which to meet the payments. He was 
 obliged to exercise great industry and economy in order to obtain 
 a start. Once in St. Louis, when left unable to work by a spell 
 of the ague, he had to borrow money with which to buy bread for 
 his family. His first crop of wheat he hauled to St. Louis, and 
 received for it thirty -one and a third cents a bushel, and worked 
 two days to pay for the use of the wagon in which the wheat was 
 hauled. Under these circumstances it took some years to pay for 
 the land. He built a small house in which he lived till Novem- 
 ber, 1846, when one night it burned to the ground, his wife and 
 children escaping without even their clothing. In 1851 the 
 first eighty acres were all paid for, and that year he bought 
 twenty additional acres. He received that year eighty-five cents 
 for his wheat, the highest price he had so far obtained. 
 
 From that time he was prosperous and successful. He 
 mostly raised wheat, and more of it to the acre than any other 
 farmer in that part of the county. He was ready to adopt 
 modern methods of farming, and used on his farm the first thresh- 
 ing machine ever seen in the vicinity of Millstadt. As soon as 
 he was able he bought more land. He still owns the eighty which 
 he first purchased, oh which stands his present residence and farm 
 buildings. His judgment in selecting this particular tract of land 
 ©.1 coming to the country is justified by the fact that the location 
 is considered one of the best for a farm residence in that portion 
 of the county. He owns two hundred and fifty-five acres of land 
 besides property in the town of Millstadt. He has had twelve child- 
 ren. Of these nine are now living. The oldest, Catharine, is the 
 wife of Louis Diesel, a farmer of Centerville township. William 
 Boemer resides in Millstadt. Frederick Boemer is farming near 
 Millstadt. Mary married William Schuette, a millwright, who 
 resides in St. Louis. The remaining children, Louisa, John, 
 Henry, Henrietta, and Amelia, still have their homes under the 
 parental roof. The youngest son, Henry, graduated from a com- 
 mercial college in St. Louis in 1877, and for several winters has 
 taught school. 
 
 In early life Mr. Boemer was a member of the democratic 
 party, with which he acted up to the time of the war of the rebel- 
 lion. In 1864 he supported Lincoln for the presidency, and has 
 been a member of the republican party ever since. He has held 
 no public office, but has been content with the quiet and peaceful 
 life of a private citizen. During the many years he has resided 
 near Millstadt he has been a respected member of the com- 
 munity, and maintained the reputation of an honest and upright 
 
 man. 
 
 CHARLES L. PROBSTMEYER, 
 
 Was born at Bockenem, Hanover, February 26th, 1835. He was 
 the second of four children, of Henry and Regina Probstmeyer. 
 His father was a middle class farmer, and died when the subject of 
 this sketch was eleven years old. After leaving school at the age 
 of fifteen, Mr.- Probstmeyer learned the butcher's trade. In 1857, 
 he emigrated to America, and after living a year in St. Louis, be- 
 came a resident of Millstadt. He followed the butchering business 
 
260 
 
 EIST0R7 OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 till 1865. Ficm that date to 1870, he was in the coal mining busi- 
 ness, purchasing one mine and opening another. In 1873, he was 
 electedjusticeofthepeace, and re-elected in 1877, and has been 
 filling that office ever since -with credit to himself and satisfaction 
 to the people. Before he was elected justice of the peace he served 
 two terms as constable. He was married on the 26th of March, 
 18£9, to Elencra Wagner, a native also of Germany. 
 
 JOHN M. LITTLE, (deceased.) 
 
 Amokg the former residents of Centerville township was John 
 M. Little, who died in 1865. He was born near Boonesville, Ken- 
 tucky, on the 8th of November, 1814. He was the fifth child and 
 only son of seven children of Henry and Elizabeth (Jackson) Little. 
 In the fall of 1820, when he was six years old, his father moved 
 with the family to Illinois, and settled in the Badgley neighbor- 
 hood, north of Belleville. A few months after coming to this state 
 his father died, and his mother soon afterward bought land in sec- 
 tion five of township one south, range nine west; where the family 
 settled, and where Mr. Little afterward lived till his death. He 
 obtained an ordinary education, and was obliged to walk three miles 
 during the winter months to school. 
 
 February 28th, 1838, he married Nancy Atchison, who was born 
 July 23d, 1817. Her father and grandfather were both named 
 George Atchison ; they emigrated from Pennsylvania, and settled in 
 the American Bottom, in the present county of Monroe, and were 
 among the earliest American settlers of Illinois. The place where 
 they settled adjoined the old farm of Gov. Bond. Mrs. Little's 
 father and grandfather lived in a fort for protection against the In- 
 dians, and her uncle, Alexander Atchison, was killed by the red 
 skins. When Mrs. Little was twelve years old, her father moved 
 to St. Clair county, and settled on land which he entered, four miles 
 west of Belleville. Mrs. Little's mother's name was Elizabeth 
 Smirls, whose father was an early settler of Jefferson county, 
 Missouri. 
 
 John M. Little died on the 4th of September, 1865. He was a 
 good citizen of the county. In his politics he was first a democrat, 
 but became a member of the republican party when it was first 
 formed. He was the owner of one hundred and seventy-two acres 
 of land. He had ten children. Henry, George, James, and Eme- 
 line are deceased. Sarah is the wife of Joseph Leach, and lives in 
 Harvey county, Kansas. Mahala married Monroe M. Stookey. 
 Hester is the wife of Edward Anderson of Jackson county, Illinois. 
 Elsie married James Proffitt, and lives at Alma. Jackson and 
 Lucinda still reside at home. The three oldest sons, Henry, George, 
 and James, served in the Union army during the war of the rebel- 
 lion. Henry enlisted in January, 1864, in Co. E, 59th Illinois re- 
 giment, and served two years, or till after the close of the war. He 
 returned home in bad health, and died June 9th, 1869. George 
 enlisted in 1863, and while at Camp Butler, Springfield, died of the 
 measles on the 3d of February, 1864, James enlisted in the 154th 
 Illinois regiment on the 11th of February, 1865, and served till the 
 following September. He came home sick from disease contracted 
 in the service, and died on the 28th of October, 1865. Emeline 
 married Alpheus Badgley. She died February 13th, 1875. 
 
 EVAN BAIRD, (deceased). 
 
 Eyan Baied, one of the early residents of Centerville township, 
 was a native of Kentucky, and was born in Fleming county of that 
 state, on the 18th of December, 1804. His parents were among 
 the early settlers of Kentucky. His father died when he was small, 
 
 and his mother having married again, he lived with his step-father 
 till twenty-one years of age. He secured a fair business education 
 in the old-fashioned subscription schools of Kentucky, held in log 
 school-houses with floors of puncheons and benches of slabs. He was 
 apprenticed to the tanner's trade, in Kentucky, at which he worked 
 as long as he lived in his native state, and several years afterward. 
 In 1827 he came to Illinois, reaching Belleville on the 27th of May 
 of that year. He went into the tanning business at Belleville, 
 and after carrying on that occupation some time, entered forty (40) 
 acres of land in section four of township one south, range nine west, 
 on which he moved and went to farming. This entry was made 
 under Gen. Jackson's administration, and the original patent bears 
 his name. While living at Belleville he married Mary Miller, 
 daughter of Wm. Miller. She was born in Pennsylvania. Her 
 father came to St. Clair county, and settled a short distance south- 
 west of Belleville, and lived in a log house which may still be seen 
 standing on the Centerville road. 
 
 Mr. Baird afterward entered additional land, and at the time of 
 his death owned one hundred and seventy-one acres. He died 
 February 8th, 1860. He was a man respected for his good qualities 
 as a neighbor and a citizen. He was first a member of the demo- 
 cratic party, with which he acted till new parties were formed on 
 the question of slavery, when he became a republican, and was one 
 of the early members of that organization in St. Clair county. He 
 never filled any public office, but gave his time to his farm and 
 business aflfairs. He was an industrious and hard-working man, 
 and all that he accomplished in life was the result of his own ef- 
 forts. He carried on the tanning business for some time after 
 moving on the farm. His widow is still living on the old homestead 
 at the age of seventy-four, having been born March 7th, 1807. There 
 were six children whose names are as follows : William, born Apl. 
 30th, 1831 ; Mary Jane, born Apl. 4th, 1834, died in infancy ; Ed- 
 ward, born September 23d, 1837 ; Margaret Ann, born December 
 20th, 1840, married Thomas Lask, and died February 11th, 1869 ; 
 Elizabeth, born September 20th 1843 ; and David Winfield, born 
 November 15th, 1847. The four who are living all reside on the 
 old homestead farm, carry on farming operations, and own two 
 hundred and eleven acres of land. 
 
 JACOB E. HENRICI, 
 Was born at Anspach am Usingen, Dukedom of Nassau, September 
 25th, 1833. He was the second of seven children of John George 
 Henrici and Catharine Wueirich. Three brothers by the name of 
 Henrici came from Sweden and settled at Anspach d-uring the 
 thirty years war, and from one of these Mr. Henrici is descended. 
 After leaving school at fourteen, he assisted his father in the brewing 
 business. In the fall of 1846, he came to America. The family 
 landed at New Orleans. While ascending the Mississippi, seventy 
 miles below St. Louis, his mother was accidentally drowned, falling 
 from the side of the boat while trying to draw a bucket of water 
 from the river. His father settled in Marion county, Missouri 
 where he died in 1856. After staying ten days in St. Clair county] 
 Mr. Hennci found employment as a baker in St. Louis, receiving 
 four dollars a month wages. In the spring of 1847, he worked 
 at Columbia in Monroe county, and afterward went to Marion 
 county, Missouri, and with his father established a brewery While 
 living at Palmyra, Missouri, he married Elizabeth Lindenstruth 
 born at Reiskirchen, Hesse Darmstadt, daughter of Christian and 
 Catharine (Magel) Lindenstruth. In 1848, he returned to St 
 Clair county. In 1849, he was employed in St. Louis as a coach- 
 man by a physician who, finding that he had a good education. 
 

HiaTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 261 
 
 made him a clerk in his drug store. Mr. Henrici resided in 
 Marion county, Missouri, fifteen months, and then in the fall of 
 1850, came back to St. Clair county, where he has since resided. 
 
 Before leaving the old country, he served three years in the Ger- 
 man army. When the war of the rebellion broke out, a company of 
 home guards was organized at Millstadt, in which he held the po- 
 sition of first lieutenant, and did the active drilling for the company. 
 He was offered a lieutenant's commission in a regiment raised in the 
 county for the war; but on account of his health was obliged to re- 
 
 main at home. He began teaching in the fall of 1861, and has 
 taught school every winter since, with the exception of from 1862 
 to 1864, during which period he suffered from sickness. He has 
 four children : Catharine, now the wife of Adam Bohley ; Conrad 
 August ; Mary Magdalena, wife of Joseph Geissel of St. Louis, and 
 Elizabeth. He was first a democrat in politics, and has been a re- 
 publican since that party was formed. His education has been ob- 
 tained by his own efforts, and is the result of self-study. 
 
 ATHENS PRECIN^CT. 
 
 THENS is situated in the south-eastern part of the 
 county. It is separated from Fayetteville on the 
 north by the Kaskaskia river ; on the east and 
 north-east from St. Clair by Big Mud Creek, ex 
 cept that part lying along the line of Washington 
 county ; on the south it is bounded by Randolph 
 county ; on the west by Monroe county and Fayette- 
 ville precinct, from both of which it is separated 
 by the Kaskaskia river. Geographically it embraces 
 most of T. 3 S. R. 7 W. ; T. 3 S. R. 6 W., and parts of T. 2 S. 
 R. 7 W., and T. 2 S. R. 6 W., in all 44,470 acres. It is well 
 watered by the streams which are its boundaries, and numerous 
 small affluents among them. Dosa creek, which enters the town- 
 ship three miles south of Marissa, on section 34, flows a north- 
 westerly course, then westerly and southerly, leaving the township 
 on section 33, seven miles west of where it enters. Belts of timber 
 skirt the streams, but it is principally a beautiful prairie, in a high 
 state of cultivation. Passing through it, diagonally, from north- 
 west to south-east, is the Cairo Short Line Railroad, which fur- 
 nishes means for transportation of surplus products, stock, etc. 
 The honor of having been the first settler belongs to John Lively, 
 who came from South Carolina, and located on section 34, T. 8 S- 
 R. 7 W. in 1805. On November 28th, 1816, he entered the S.W. 
 quarter of section 34, where he lived for several years. 
 
 A few years later, probably 1810, Nathaniel Hill, Joshua Per- 
 kins, Reuben Stubblefield, James and Reuben Lively and Richard 
 Beasley, senior, located in the same neighborhood. As a protection 
 against the Indians, they constructed a block-house on Dosa creek, 
 near the present site of Hillstown, (named for Nathaniel Hill.) 
 It was built in the prevailing style of such structures, two stories 
 high, the lower one provided with port-holes to shoot through, and 
 a'so with strong puncheon doors, securely barred against entering 
 from the outside. The second story projected over the first, 
 enabling parties secreted within it to shoot down upon Indians 
 attempting to gain access into the lower story. It was to this 
 block-house that a son of Lively, who had been murdered in 
 Washington county in March, 1813, and a hired man, made their 
 
 escape before blood-thirsty savages. An account of this terrible 
 tragedy may not be here amiss. Lively had left his home in this 
 precinct to make a new one near Covington, Washington county, 
 in company with David Huggins, a brother-in-law. They made 
 one crop without being molested, in 1812. In 1813 Huggins re- 
 turned to Monroe county. Friends importuned Lively to give up 
 his place and join them at the block-house. He resolutely de- 
 clined, saying, he had no fear of the red skins. His wife seemed 
 to have a presentiment of the terrible scenes that were soon to be 
 enacted. An account of the massacre, in the History of Washing- 
 ton county, is as follows : Lively had an enclosure into which he 
 had his stock driven at night, to protect them from marauding 
 bands of Indians. For several nights previous to the night that 
 witnessed the fearful tragedy. Lively and his family were greatly dis- 
 turbed. The stock gave evidence of their alarm by their unusual 
 conduct ; the dogs barked continuously, and Lively began to realize 
 the imminent danger of himself and family. He frequently, with 
 rifle in hand, would go out and search for the cause of the alarm, 
 but his efforts to discover the source were unavailing. He en- 
 deavored to calm his wife's fears by telling her it was nothing but 
 wolves or other wild animals that created the disturbance. This, 
 however, did not suffice to quiet her feelings, and she labored more 
 assiduously to convince her husband that their safety depended on 
 their immediate removal to the fort. The last night before the 
 massacre was so exceedingly noisy that Lively began to lose his 
 composure, and agreed to accede to the request of his wife and go 
 to a place of safety. He began preparations for moving about two 
 hours before sundown. He directed his son, hired hand and his 
 nephew, to get up the horses while his wife and daughters milked 
 the cows, and got things in readiness to start to the settlements. 
 The young man and boy started in quest of the horses, leaving 
 the old gentleman in the cow-pen with his wife and daughters, who 
 were milking the cows. He was on the stump of a fallen tree with 
 his loaded rifle across his knees ready for use, chatting with his 
 wife and daughters, whose spirits were buoyant in anticipation of 
 leaving that dreaded place. But alas ! their fond hopes were never 
 to be realized ! The young man and boy had proceeded but a short 
 
262 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 distance in the direction of the horses, when they were alarmed at the 
 report of fire-arms in the direction of the house. They hurried to 
 the scene of the firing, and when they had come in sight, a scene 
 met their gaze that was calculated to freeze their hearts ! The 
 premises were covered with Indians ; the death-dealing tomahawk 
 and scalping-knife were doing their work of destruction. All were 
 found where they were slain, on the premises, scalped, and their 
 bodies horribly mutilated, except one boy, who was found by a 
 party that followed the Indians, beheaded and with a hole cut 
 through his body, with his buckskin shirt drawn through it." 
 
 The } oung man and boy made their way on foot to the block- 
 house, wading Little Mud creek, whose waters were so high, that 
 they reached the boy's chin. They gave the alarm, and all occupants 
 of the fort able to bear arms followed the savages, some of whom 
 they killed. 
 
 Upon the abandonment of the block-hcuse its occupants scattered 
 to various parts of the country, only two or three families remain- 
 ing in the neighborhood. 
 
 There are yet living representatives of the Hills and Livelys in 
 this county. These pioneers followed the usual avocations and 
 endured the hardships incident to such life. One of the Livelys 
 located on section 34, where he lived for a number of years. To 
 him whilst living here was born Mary Lively, who first enlivened 
 the humble cabin of the Liveiys in the spring of 1816. Peace had 
 spread her fair wings, and when bands of Indians of the Tamarois 
 tribe occasionally stopped at the house, they admired the little pale 
 face, and bestowed on her presents more brilliant than useful. 
 
 In the fall of the same year, a man of great enterprise, who en- 
 tertained, what at the time were considered extravagant ideas of the 
 future of the country, a man among men, — a man whose love of 
 liberty was learned amid the mountains of Switzerland, wended 
 his way from the city of Philadelphia, where he'had landed, across 
 the AUeghenies ; across the states of Ohio and • Indiana ; across 
 Illinois until he halted upon the banks of the Kaskaskia, and looked 
 upon a country fair to behold, a fit habitation for himself and 
 friends. He determined on its possession, and lost no time in 
 making his way to Kaskaskia, where he laid claim to a number of 
 sections of land, paying earnest money on the same. The following 
 year he returned to his native land, doubtless with fairy sounding 
 stories of the wondrous land of his adoption. In 1818 Bernhardt 
 Steiner, for that was the name of the Swiss Pioneer, returned, 
 bringing with him several families, among them Jacob Hardy, the 
 Wildys and others. His operations were all planned on a liberal 
 scale. He commenced merchandizing on what is now called Dutch 
 Hill. A great scarcity of salt was complained of throughout the 
 scattered settlement. He in 1820 went to Kaskaskia, con- 
 structed a raft, loaded it with salt and goods, and by the aid of 
 others, poled it up the river. A stroke of enterprise highly com- 
 mended by the early pioneers. In 1822, through his persuasion, a 
 nephew, Peter Baumann, a scholar and a gentleman of means, 
 came from Switzerland, it is supposed, to form a co-partnership 
 with him. Before his arrival Steiner died, or was killed. As re- 
 lated by those most likely to be conversant with the facts, he had 
 started with considerable money in his possession, on horseback for 
 Kaskaskia, to complete his payment on lands he had already se- 
 lected. On his way he was intercepted and killed, his body being 
 found, some time during the night, near a cabin where a dance was 
 going on. His relatives and friends knew not of his death for 
 several days, when his body was obtained and buried on section 10, 
 near by, a mile from the present site of Dutch Hill. Baumann 
 heard of this tragic death while on his way hither. Among the 
 pleasant dreams of Steiner was that of founding a city on the river 
 
 near his home. His untimely death for a time checked the pros- 
 pects of the Swiss settlement, although the arrival of Baumann gave 
 it fresh impetus. It is yet firmly balieved by many that Steiner 
 buHed large sums of money near Dutch Hill, for which fruitless 
 search has often been prosecuted. 
 
 There were no schools in reach, so Mr. Baumann determined to 
 make the best of a bad outlook, taught his own children, giving 
 them fair educations. He was (As scholar of the settlement ; an ad- 
 viser in trouble. To him all looked for guidance, or for drawing 
 up any papers. Often did he wish he had never left his native 
 land, and as often picked up fresh courage to surmount the difii- 
 culties which beset the pathway of a pioneer. To him was born 
 Peter Baumann, Jr., June 23d, 1823, believed to have been the 
 first born Switzer in the county. In 1825 he erected a horse mill, 
 which was run for many years, each patron furnishing his own 
 power for grinding his grist. He also was the first postmaster, ap- 
 pointed in 1840, to keep the office called Lively, which he did at 
 his own house. 
 
 To the south of the Swiss settlement, in the immediate neighbor- 
 hood of John Lively, already mentioned, there came- a New Eng- 
 lander, direct from the "land of steady habits (Connecticut)," 
 Chauncey S. Burr in 1820, after a sojourn of two years at Kaskaskia. 
 His conveyance hither was a singular Yankee combination of car- 
 riage and boat. Upon reaching a river he took ofi" the running 
 gear, put it into the bed, and paddled or poled his way across the 
 stream. It is related that on the banks of the Wabash he was 
 thought by the inhabitants to be possessed of a spirit. So he was, 
 but it was the indomitable spirit of enterprise which drives success 
 before it. In his humble cabin, on sect. 27, he had a looking-glass, 
 the first brought to the locality. Wyatt Stubblefield, then a lad, 
 espied himself therein and rushed out of doors to find " that other 
 boy." He was the first Justice of the Peace in his vicinity. The 
 first wedding ceremony he performed was that of Jacob Hardy to 
 Elizabeth Wildy, Aug. 2d, 1832. He was a conspicuous character 
 at every sale that came off in his vicinity. His wife, Mrs. Per- 
 melia Burr, was the first elder of the Presbyterian church at Kas- 
 kaskia, to which point although it was twenty miles distant she 
 rode horseback whenever the weather would permit. Norton's 
 Presbyterianism in Illinois, says, " In 1819 or 20 she became the 
 owner of a colored woman. But she was illy satisfied with the re- 
 lation and often plead for her freedom, but could not prevail. At 
 length they parted with her. After being owned by another for a 
 time the poor colored slave woman was murdered. Mrs. Burr says 
 she could never think of it, but with horror." 
 
 Another and very eccentric pioneer, was Reuben Lively. He 
 bought the Athens ferry of Ira Manville, Sr., who first established 
 it, and kept it for many years. He also furnished entertainment 
 for travelers. In this capacity he was known for many miles 
 around. As parties would stop to ask for lodging he would insult 
 them, sometimes even going so far as call to his son to briug him 
 his shot gun, to drive away the intruders, then as they would start 
 away he would doff" his mask and say, "I guess the old woman has 
 a crust of bread and a pile of straw in one corner for you, come 
 in." No matter how rough he was, or how much incensed travel- 
 ers became. Lively never neglected to make all right. To him a 
 son,William Lively, was born in Dec, 1816, the second birth iu the 
 precinct. 
 
 Among other early settlers were George and Jack Baggs, Robin 
 McDonald, Thos. James and John Rainey. 
 
 As early as 1831 a school-house, better than pioneer school- 
 houses usually are, in that, to use the expression of a pioneer who 
 attended there, " They did make out to have a pucheon floor," was 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 263 
 
 erected in section 34. The teacher, Isaac Hill, contrary to custom 
 had a regular boarding place at John Lively's. Several pupils 
 from abroad likewise boarded there. In all there were as many as 
 thirty scholars. It was a subscription school at $2.50 per pupil for 
 three months' tuition. In the north-eastern part of the precinct in % 
 1836 a school-house was built on Mud Creek, a primitive log affair 
 without a floor other than that furnished by mother earth, and yet 
 it -was not without its pretensions, as there were four or five small 
 panes of glass fitted in between the logs, by Mr. Wilson, the hus- 
 band of Mrs. Martha Wilson, the first teacher. As the neighbors 
 said, " Mr. Wilson was a handy man." 
 
 A Scotchman named Kirkwood was claimed to have been the 
 first preacher, resident in the precinct. He preached in his own 
 house to the neighbors who gathered to hear him. He was an Old 
 School Presbyterian. This was in 1829. Prior to this there had 
 been occasional services by traveling preachers. 
 
 As illustrative of the faithfulness of some of these pioneers, it is 
 said that Mrs. Rebecca Greene, wife of Sir Francis Burdette 
 Greene, who located on Sect. 27, T. 3 S. E. 6 W., 1826, walked 
 to attend church near Sparta, ten miles distant, carrying an infant 
 in her arms, that too, when life was endangered by wandering bands 
 of Indians. 
 
 As early as 1837 a steamboat, called the "Wild Duck," steamed 
 up the Kaskaskia as far as Carlyle, thus opening up a new era in 
 the prosperity of this county. Athens, which had been laid out 
 Sept. 21st, 1836, by Narcisse Pensoneau, took on city airs (on 
 paper ) Plats of the " future great " showing churches, public parks, 
 steamboats at the levee, and crowded thoroughfares were circulated 
 through the eastern cities, and much property was exchanged for 
 merchandise of various kinds. 
 
 The first Land entries were by Andrew White, 160 acres, it 
 being the S. E I, section 33, Septembsr 29, 1814; Robert Morrison, 
 160 acres, being the N. E. J, section 34, September 11, 1816 ; John 
 Lively, 160 acres, being the S. W. i, section 34, November 28, 1816 ■ 
 Nathaniel Hill, 320 acres, it being the S. W. \, section 28, and 
 S. E \, section 29, September 14, 1814 ; Thomas Nichols, 134 acres, 
 it being the N. W. \, section, March 18, 1815 ; Daniel P. Cook, 
 160 acres, it being the S. E. \, section 27, July 26, 1817, all in 
 T. 3 S. R. 7 W. ; and by Adam Henderson, 80 acres, being the 
 W. J of the S. E. J, section 30, September 30, 1816, in 
 T. 2 S. R. 6 W.; and by Henry T. Whitman, 160 acres, being 
 the N. E. \, section 15, July 8, 1818 ; and by James Morrison, 160 
 acres, being the N. W. \, section 10, June 29, 1818, both in 
 T. 3 S. R. 6 W. 
 
 The first threshing machine used in the precinct was that by 
 Baumann Bros, in 1854, It was bought by them in Alton. It 
 was a horse power. 
 
 Isaac Hill was licensed to keep a tavern at what is now the 
 village of New Athens in 1816, paying into the County Treasury 
 the sum of four dollars per annum for the privilege. This was the 
 nucleus of the town itself. It drew to the vicinity other settlers, 
 and trade demanded the location of the 
 
 TOWN OF NEW ATHENS. 
 
 New Athens, or Athens, as it was first called, was laid off by 
 Narcisse Pensoneau in 1836. It consisted of forty-eight blocks, 
 comprising 461 lots and a public square. Streets were of a 
 uniform width of 63 feet, save Water, which was 99 feet wide. 
 It is beautifully situated, and at times has seemed destined to 
 become a city of considerable size only to lapse again almost into 
 a series of farms. At first ii grew rapidly, reaching as great a 
 
 population, it is claimed, as 1,500 inhabitants. In 1851 there 
 were only five inhabitants. The first business house was a general 
 store of Narcisse Pensoneau. The first physician was Dr. A. 
 Trapp in 1837, the second Dr. Edward Klinckhardt, who is still 
 a re'sident. George Rock kept entertainment for travellers in 
 1838. During the same year the first mill (a saw mill and corn 
 cracker) was built. John Irwin was the first teacher ; he taught 
 in 1836. William Brock burned the first kiln of brick in 1838 or 
 9. A house built of some of the brick still stands a quarter of a 
 mile south-east of New Athens. It was built and at first occupied 
 by Pensoneau. The prospects were bright, but reverses came, and 
 in fifteen years the town was quite deserted, when a fresh 
 impetus was given it by the opening of a store by Baumann 
 Bros. 
 
 Again it revived. The steamboat " Pearl" undertook to make 
 regular trips, followed shortly after by the " Silver Lake." In 
 1852 a post-office was established and William H. Bennett was 
 appointed Postmaster. Was succeeded in 1856 by William 
 Baumann, who continued as such until near the close of Lincoln's 
 administration. The Athens Mill Company was incorporated and 
 mill built in 1857 at a cost of $18,000. The company also bought 
 the steamboat " Wild Duck" to ply upon the river between Athens 
 and Kaskaskia. 
 
 Great confusion resulted from the fact that there was another 
 Athens in the State. Baumann Bros, had 14 casej of boots and 
 shoes and other merchandize shipped from Boston during the 
 winter of 1855-6 which reached its destination the following 
 spring, having wintered at Athens, Menard county. A change 
 was made in the name from Athens to New Athens, in 1868. 
 
 In 1868 the Era was established and published by WiU'^t^ 
 Baumann. 
 
 In 1866 New Athens was incorporated by election, all residents 
 excepting eight voting in favor. 
 
 The first Board of Trustees was elected December 8, 1866. It 
 consisted of William Darmstetter, John Einge, Joseph Flach, H. 
 M. Perryman and Gustav Huelbig. 
 
 In 1868 an effort was made to improve the navigation of the 
 Kaskaskia, in which citizens of New Athens were quite active. A 
 company was organized. Subscriptions were made but the locks 
 and dams were never put in ; the railroad superseded the move- 
 ment. 
 
 The first train of cars on the Cairo Short Line from St. Louis 
 crossed the bridge on New Year's day, 1870. 
 
 The Methodist Church was built in 1869 ; the Catholic in 
 1870; the Lutheran in 1878; and the German Evangelical in 
 1879. 
 
 New Athens, which a few years ago boasted from twelve to 
 fifteen hundred inhabitants, had by the census of 1880 only 603. 
 The destruction of the mill by fire in 1879, and competition with 
 other railway towns have contributed to this result. 
 
 At present the leading business houses are : 
 
 Dry Goods Merchants — Joseph Flach, Isfried Probst, C. Stolz, 
 F. H. Hoist, William Wimer. 
 
 Druggists — Louis Schenck, Henry Dose. 
 
 Hotels — " New Athens," by Peter Deichmann ; " Bennett," by 
 Daniel Bert ; " Tremont," by Cristoph Heinnemann ; " Illinois," 
 by Mrs. William Geiger. 
 
 Printing Office — Hauft Bros. 
 
 Machine Shops — Degen Bros, manufacture plows, wagons, culti- 
 vators and do repairing. 
 
 Brewery — Jacob Hooss, built in 1853, original cost 83,000, en- 
 
264 
 
 EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 larged in 1866 at an expense of $9,000, finds a home market for 
 all its products. Capacity, 3 1,000 gals, annually. 
 
 Millinera—M.r&. Catherine Judd, Mrs. J. Lively, 
 
 Blacksmith — Gain Bros. 
 
 Elevator— Rnss^li Hinckley, capacity, 5000 bushels. Built in 
 1880. 
 
 Physidans—'Dr. F. Eeier, Dr. R. J. Watts, and Dr. Klinck- 
 hardt. 
 
 Lumber Yard—'Fniz Oberbek. 
 There are ten saloons. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 New Athens Lodge, No. 588,I.O.O.F., was organized October 16, 
 1875, with ten charter members, R. J. Watts as N. G. Present 
 membership, about thirty. 
 
 MARISSA. 
 
 The village of Marissa was laid oifby James Stewart; Dec. 12th, 
 1867, it being the east middle part of the west one-half of south- 
 west quarter see. 22, embracing 39 lots. To the original plats ad- 
 ditions have been made by John W. Hesker of 21 lots east of ori- 
 ginal plat, January 28, 1869, and by W. E. C. Lyons of 54 lots to 
 the south, January 2bth, 1870. It now has a population of about 
 sixty inhabitants. It contains a general store by Henry Strassinger 
 & Co. ; blacksmith, Henry Hacket ; and two saloons. To the north 
 one quarter of a mile are Coulter's mills, Henry Schlosstein, propri- 
 etor, built by Archibald Coulter in 1852; capacity 100 barrels per 
 day ; three run of stone ; brick, with frame attachment. Original 
 cost, $15,000. 
 
 MAEISSA STATION, 
 
 One of the livest villages in the county, was laid out by M. E. 
 and J. C. Hamilton, Jan. 5, 1871, on the Cairo Short Line Rail- 
 road, which divides into the north and south divisions. . It occu- 
 pies the central part of the north-west quarter of section 27. Ori- 
 ginally there were 99 lots, 50 north and 49 south of the railroad. 
 To these additions have been made at various times to meet the 
 demands of growth, which have been quite regular and steady. Its 
 population is about 300. 
 
 The name Marissa was selected by James Wilson, the first post- 
 master appointed in 1846, who showed his love for ancient history 
 by selecting a name preserved alone in Latin records. It was the 
 name of a city destroyed and afterwards rebuilt by Gabinius, and 
 is believed to be the only place in the world of the name. Messrs. 
 Hamilton and Hayes opened the first store at the station in 1871. 
 
 John Hamilton, one of the founders of the town, a man of great 
 energy, came to this county from South Carolina in 1834, and lo- 
 cated on sec. 28. M- E. Hamilton built the first house, now used 
 as a station-house. It was built for the storage of grain. 
 
 BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 Marissa Bank. — By Hamilton, Kunze & Co. ; A. H. Wells, 
 cashier; was established Sept. 1st, 1879. First and only bank in 
 the precinct. 
 
 Marissa Elevator. — By F. A. Reuss & Co. ; was built in 1877 ; 
 has a capacity of 32,000 bush. ; Jacob Adam, manager. 
 
 Marissa Mill and Elevator. — A. J. Meek builder and proprietor, 
 was erected in 1877. The mill has a capacity for turning out 65 
 barrels of flour^er diem, has four run of stone, elevator; capacity 
 4,500 bushels. 
 
 <Dry Goods.— M. E. Hamilton & Co. ; M. W. Borders & Co. ; 
 Wyllie Bros. 
 
 Druggists. — Lyons & Strassinger. 
 
 Hotels.— "MsiTissa, House," by J. R. Helbron ; " Hamilton House," 
 by James A. Coppedge ; and " Globe House," by Philip Kirch- 
 hoefier. 
 
 Hardwire. — J. H. Hamilton & Co. 
 
 Stoves and Tinware. — A. Wasem. 
 
 Gents' Furnishing House. — J. W. Stewart. 
 
 Jeweler. — A. L. Blankenmeister. 
 
 The Marissa Monitor was established by John Wells. 
 
 Livery and Agricultural Implements — S. J. Guthrie. 
 
 Furniture. — L. Vierheller, Jr. 
 
 Agricultural Implements. — Robert Mearns. 
 
 Wogon Maker. — Charles Stewart. 
 
 I/umber Dealers. — W. M. K. Lyons, Francis White, 
 
 Saddlery. — H. E. Mitze. 
 
 Carpenters. — J, W. Elder & Co., M. M. Lively, J. K. Kelson, 
 William Little. 
 
 Butchers. — John Hotz, A. Buser. 
 
 Post-master. — Daniel Zihledorf. 
 
 Liwyer. — A. Lyons. 
 
 Physicians.— L. P. Coulter, J. G. Guthrie, W. O. Wilcox, 
 
 Justice of the Pexae. — James A. Coppedge. 
 
 Churches. — Reformed Presbyterian, built in 1855 ; United Pres- 
 byterian, in 1871 ; and Baptist, in 1875. 
 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
 
 Marissa Lodge, No. 602, I. O. O. F., was organized Sept. 21st, 
 1876, with five charter members, M. M. Lively, N. G. Present 
 N. G., E. D. McLean. 
 
 Evening Star Lodge, No. 654, I. O. O. F., was organized May 
 20th, 1878, with nintf charter members ; Philip Kirchhoefer, N. G 
 
 Harmonia Lodge, No. 13, U. O. T. B., was instituted Feb. 6th, 
 1872, with ten charter members. 
 
 LENZBURG. 
 
 Here, again, we have old and new towns, not a half mile apart. 
 The old town was laid off by T. A. Schneider, November 7th, 1862, 
 it being the N. W. \ of the N. W. i of section 7, T. 3 S. R. 6 W.^ 
 and the adjoining fraction of the S. W. i of section 6. Since the 
 iron horse has superseded the old-fa,hioned mail coach, the town 
 has lost its trade to a great degree. It uow has ^ general store by 
 Adam Wesel, a blacksmith shop and saw-mill*. The name was 
 bestowed by Peter Baumann in honor of his native village, in 
 Switzerland. 
 
 LENZBURG STATION, 
 
 Population about 150, and rapidly increasing. Was laid oflf by 
 P. J. Dreher, October 4th, 18'S6, on the S. E. i of the N. E. t of 
 section 12, T. 3 S. R. 7 W., containing 81 lots. 
 
 Its business is rapidly increasing. Business houses are : 
 
 General Store, Peter tT. Dreher. 
 
 Hotel, Hermann Heinike, Frederick Deutchmann. 
 
 Elevator, Henry Serth. 
 
 Wagon Maker, Charles Vogler. 
 
 Blacksmiths, David Haensel, Philip Keim. 
 
 Physician, Miles Hughes. 
 
 Lenzburg post-office was located in 1866, P. J. Dreher, P. M 
 who has ever since held the office. There is a neat German 
 Evangelical church building, which was erected in 1879. 
 
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HISTORY 01 &T. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 265 
 
 DUTCH HILL 
 
 Was laid off and named by Fred Griebel, March 16th, 1867, on 
 the S. W. i of the S. W. i of section 11, T. 3 S. R. 7 W. A 
 brewery had been established on the site by Edward Griebel, in 
 1844 or 5. Long since destroyed. 
 
 HILLSTOWN 
 
 Was laid off by Jacob Freeh, April 2d, 1855, on the east side of 
 the S. E. i of the S. W. i of section 18, T. 3 S., R. 6. W., being the 
 first town laid out in the congressional township. 
 
 The first coal mine in the township was opened by George W. 
 Morgenthaler, near Lenzburg, in 1865. 
 
 The Covenanters, or Reformed Presbyterians, built a house of 
 worship half a mile south of Marissa Station, in 1856. 
 
 Among additional industries in the township should be men- 
 tioned a saw-mill, owned by Hermann Yunk, on section 29, T. 8 
 S., R. 7 W. 
 
 CASUALTIES AND CRIME. 
 
 On the 10th of July, 1844, there occurred, near Athens, the 
 drowning of five persons. As narrated by Otto Huelbig, one of 
 the party : " Seven of us started to attend a wedding. Before 
 reaching the Okaw we had to cross a slough. The waters were 
 much swollen. Unfortunately the wagon upset, caused by the 
 ladies rushing to the front, where my father and myself were seated. 
 My mother, three sisters and a Miss Lena Williams, found watery 
 graves, whilst my father and myself escaped a like death." 
 
 A SHOCKING MUEDEK. 
 
 Was committed in the month of May, 1854, at the house of Henry 
 
 Snyder, section 3, T. 3 S., R. 7. One Valentine Klaus, it seems, 
 loved his step-daughter, or so professed, and feigning illness, had 
 her come to his bedside at Snyder's, where, after a short conversa- 
 tion, he shot her with a bullet that had been cast in a thimble ; 
 immediately he sprang from the room, climbed a ladder leading to 
 the loft, and shot himself with a pistol. Death ensued at once. 
 
 This precinct was organized June 5th, 1839, and embraced 
 within its limits the precinct of St. Clair, which was stricken off in 
 1870. The first election was held in the fall of 1839, at the store 
 of James Turkington. Reuben Lively, Adam McDonald and Isaac 
 Rainey, were the first judges of election. 
 
 White Oak Mine, for the mining of coal, the second most exten- 
 sive coal-shaft in the county, is located on section 35, nearly two 
 miles south-east of Marissa. It is one hundred and seventy-fivo 
 feet deep ; the vein is about six and a half feet in thickness ; gives 
 employment to one hundred men ; is operated by steam-power ; its 
 products are shipped to St. Louis. Proprietors are Donk, Tijou 
 «& Co. Shipments amount to nearly twenty cars a day. 
 
 Agriculturally, Athens is an excellent body of land, producing 
 luxuriant crops. Dutch Hill, on an elevation, surrounded by a 
 fine expanse of prairie, overlooks nearly all the precinct. Few 
 finer views are anywhere presented than this. Farm-houses, 
 neat and comfortable ; barns good and substantial greet the eye 
 on every hand. This precinct perpetuates a name handed down 
 honorably for centuries as that borne by the Grecian capital and 
 the world's seat of learning. The projectors of the village on the 
 banks of the river, and from which it directly derives its name, 
 had originally in mind to make it a seat of learning, as plats 
 first named clearly show. 
 
266 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 BIOGliAPI-IICAL SKETCHES 
 
 -^ssS-gJI 
 
 Among the rising young business men of the county none better 
 deserve mention in this work, than Jas. H. iraniilton of Jfarissa. 
 Being thoroughly identified with the interests of his own eoranuiiiity, 
 he has done more than any other man to aid in its dovelopnicnt. 
 He is the head of the firm of Jas. H. Hamilton & Co., who carry 
 on an extensive business in hardware, agricultural implements, &c., 
 both in Marissa and Sparta. He is also a member of the firm of 
 Hamilton, Kunze & Co., bankers of Marissa. 
 
 His great-grandfather, Kobert Hannlton, was a Scotch Irishman 
 who emigrated to this country in the latter part of the last century, 
 and settled in Chester county, S. C , where he raised a large flimi- 
 ly, of which there were four sons : John, William, Samuel and Ro- 
 bert. 
 
 John Hamilton, the eldest of the family, and grandfather of 
 Jas. H. Hamilton, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1794. He 
 married the daughter of Mathew Elder, who with his young wife 
 
 had come to this country in the same ship with the father and 
 motliei- (if ]\lr. Hamilton. In 183'2, Mr. Hamilton left Carolina 
 for the state of Illinois, arriving at the town of Columbus, (now 
 Sparta) where he remained until the fall of 1835, when he came to 
 this county, and settled upon what is now known as the old Ham- 
 ilton homestead, near the present town of Marissa. There were 
 then but a few settlers in that part of the county. The now beau- 
 tiful farms with cozy homes, were then one vast plane of prairie 
 grass, as high as the shoulders of a man on horseback, with deer 
 and wolves its principal inhabitants. ]\Ir. Hamilton raised a fa- 
 mily of three sons and four daughters, all of whom married and 
 settled immediately around him. He died October 26, 1876, over 
 82 years of age. 
 
 His eldest son, Mathew E. Hamilton, the father of Jas. H. Ha- 
 milton, was only fourteen years of age, when they arrived in Illinois. 
 At the age of twenty, he married Miss Jeanetta Gibson, who died in 
 
'IheBurr Homestead" Residence or JOSEPH C BUHR,Sic.27.T3.R.7.(AjHEHsPREcmcT) St.Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Farni Residence OF LOUIS NUEHNBERQER,SEC.35,J.2,R.Z(ATHENsFHECtNCT)ST.CLAiECojLL. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 267 
 
 1852, leaving three sons : James H., John M., and Robert G. In 
 1854, Mr. Hamilton married again, taking Miss Elizabeth Bau- 
 mann, eldest daughter of Peter Baumann, Sen., who was one of the 
 early settlers of the county. Mr. Hamilton was an energetic man, 
 and did much to advance the interests of his own community. He 
 was an earnest Christian, charitable to a fault, and it could be said 
 of him that he had no enemy among men. He was postmaster of 
 Marissa for twenty-five years, and township treasurer for an equal 
 length of time. He was engaged for a number of years in the 
 mercantile busiitess in the old town of Marissa, but upon the build- 
 ing of the railroad through his farm, he laid out the present town 
 of Marissa, and through his energy and liberality did much to 
 make the town what it is. By untiring industry Mr. Hamilton 
 accumulated a considerable amount of property. But by that ever 
 charitable disposition which led him to aid all who called upon 
 hira, he was persuaded by misrepresentations to go security for 
 large sums, which by the failure of P. Baumann & Bros, of New 
 Athens he was compelled to pay. This swept away at one stroke 
 his whole life's accumulation. This was more than his mortal part 
 could stand : his health failed, he sought the most skilled of medi- 
 cal aid ; the recuperative powers of the most celebrated Mineral 
 Springs ; the diversion of travel in the orange groves of the sunny 
 south, and finally took a trip to England and Ireland, but all in 
 vain. He returned home, arriving upon the morning of the 25th 
 of October, 1876, to die the next morning surrounded by his fa- 
 mily and friends. 
 
 Mr. Jas. H. Hamilton was born Oct. 11, 1844. He spent his mi- 
 nority in laboring upon the farm. His mother died when he was 
 but eight years old. Being the eldest of the family, and his 
 father engaged in a mercantile business, it devolved upon him 
 early to take charge of the management of the farm, which he did 
 with much success as long as he remained upon it. Having a de- 
 sire for a more extended education than that alForded by the com- 
 mon schools, he entered. Monmouth College in the fall of 1866, 
 where he graduated in 1869. He then went to St. Louis, where he 
 attended two courses of lectures in the St. Louis Medical College. 
 Studying with a view of being an oculist, but haviiig obtained an in- 
 sight of the medical profession, he concluded that he did not like it, 
 and formed a copartnership with Mr. Wm. M. Lyons, (then as now 
 also of Marissa,) and embarked in the drug business upon the 
 corner of Fifth street and Washington avenue in St. Louis. This 
 venture not proving a success they sold out and removed to Marissa, 
 and in the summer of 1873, began in the drug business there, to 
 which they soon added a hardware store and a lumber yard, all of 
 which they managed very successfully until the spring of 1876, 
 when they dissolved copartnership, Mr. Hamilton taking the hard- 
 ware, to which he immediately added agricultural implements. In 
 the spring of 1880, Mr. Hamilton started a house also in Sparta, 
 under the supervision of Mr. E. J. Rankin, a gentleman who had 
 been with him a number of years as a clerk. They have since formed 
 a copartnership under the firm name of Jas. H. Hamilton & Co., 
 and carry a very large stock of goods in both places. In 1876, Mr. 
 Hamilton married Miss Virginia Short, daughter of Mr. J. S. 
 Short, formerly of the vicinity of Freeburg in this county. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton was one of the organizers, and is still one of the 
 principal managers of the banking firm of Hamilton, Kuuze & 
 Co. of Marissa. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton is a member of the United Presbyterian -Church, 
 and superintendent of their Sabbath-school. He is a man of great 
 self-reliance, and whatever success he may have achieved is due to 
 his indomitable energy and perseverance. 
 
 GEORGE W. GUTHRIE, 
 Who was born January 15th, 1841, is a native of St. Clair county, 
 and of Irish and German descent. His father, Joseph Guthrie, 
 was born on Horse Prairie, Randolph county, Illinois. The 
 Guthries were among the early settlers of this prairie. Guthrie 
 grew to manhood here, and married Elizabeth Boyd, a native of 
 Ireland, who was brought to America when an infant by her 
 parents. Her father, Robert Boyd, settled in South Carolina, near 
 Charleston, where he remained several years, and afterwards came 
 to Randolph county, this being about 1828, where she subse- 
 quently married Joseph Guthrie. They raised a family of five 
 children ; three now living, viz., Martha, now Mrs. John G. Fel- 
 lers, who lives near Sparta, George W., our subject, and Samuel, 
 who now lives in Marissa. During the life of Joseph Guthrie, he 
 followed shoemaking, school-teaching, and farming. He was a 
 soldier in the Black Hawk War, enlisting from Randolph county. 
 After Mr. Guthrie's marriage, he came to St. Clair county, about 
 1835, and settled on section thirty-four, about two miles south of 
 Old Marissa, where he improved a farm. In 1841, he sold out his 
 improvements to William White, and moved further west, in the 
 same township, near where George W. Guthrie now resides, where 
 he lived until his death in 1848. He left his family in fair cir- 
 cumstances, and a farm of two hundred and forty acres. His 
 widow survived him until October 6th, 1866. Joseph Guthrie 
 was a kind and hospitable man, a warm-hearted and generous 
 friend. Many of the old settlers who struggled with him to sur- 
 mount the hardships of a new country, destitute of schools and 
 churches, and beset on every hand with difficulties and trials, will 
 join with his children and relatives in shedding a tear over his 
 grave. The subject of our sketch remained at home, and assisted 
 his mother on the farm, and attended the common schools of the 
 neighborhood during the winter months, until he became of age. 
 
 March 2d, 1864, he was united in marriage to Miss E. D. John- 
 son, a daughter of Isaac Johnson, of St. Clair county. Mrs. Guthrie 
 died September 13th, 1865, leaving one son, John. Mr. Guthrie 
 was married to his present wife, January 8th, 1867, who was a 
 Miss Rebecca McClintock, a native of Ireland, but raised in Ran- 
 dolph county, and daughter of David McClintock. They have had 
 born to them a family of four children, viz., David, Elizabeth, 
 Joseph (now deceased), and George W. Mr. Guthrie has made 
 farming his life occupation, and has a good farm of 179 acres 
 situated on the county line, between St. Clair and Randolph coun- 
 ties, a view of which can be seen in another part of this work. The 
 principal part of this place he has gained by his own energy, and 
 practicing economical habits. In politics he has always been a 
 democrat. The above is a brief mention of one of the prominent 
 young farmers of Athens precinct. 
 
 HUGH NAIRN. 
 
 Among the prominent farmers of Athens precinct may be men- 
 tioned the name that heads this sketch. He was born in parish of 
 Ayrshire, Scotland, in the year 1821, and was the son of James and 
 Susan Nairn, who were natives of the same place. The family de- 
 scended from the Highlanders of Scotland. Mr. Nairn was one 
 of nine children, and brought up on a farm. He attended the 
 schools of his native land, where he received the rudiments of a 
 business education. He married Miss Margaret Watt, and imme- 
 diately set sail for America, landing in New York, August 7th, 
 1842, coming directly to Randolph county, 111 , where his wife 
 had three uncles. In the winter of 1842, he entered eighty acres. 
 
268 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 where he now lives. Two years later he settled here, and began 
 the improvement of the farm where he has since resided. His wife 
 died in 1865. There were a family of eight children born to this 
 union, six now living, vie : Margaret, now Mrs. Eobert Dixon ; 
 James, Hugh, John, Jenette, now Mrs. Thomas Blasdell, and Rob- 
 ert Watt. All but the youngest are married and have families. 
 September 7th, 1868, Mr. Nairn married Mrs. Jenette Kirkpatrick. 
 They have two children, David and Samuel W. Mr. Nairn has a 
 well-improved farm of 1 87 acres. A view of the residence and build- 
 ing we show in this work. Mr. Nairn is a member of the United 
 Presbyterian church. Politically he is a republican. Such is a 
 brief sketch of one of the much-respected citizens of Athens 
 precinct. 
 
 JOHN K. WHITE (deceased), 
 
 Was born in Chester District, South Carolina ; was a son of John 
 and Margaret White. John White was a native of Ireland, and 
 emigrated to America, where he afterwards married Miss Margaret 
 Kennedy, who was also a native of Ireland. John White improved 
 a farm in South Carolina, where he resided until his death, leaving 
 a family of seven children, John K. being the youngest of the 
 family. After John White's death, his widow emigrated with her 
 family to Indiana, where she remained only a short time, and then 
 came to Illinois, and settled in St. Clair county, this being about 
 1842. She had two sons grown, William and Frank, who entered 
 land and began the improvement of a farm in Athens township, 
 south of Marissa. At this time John K. White was about eighteen 
 years of age. He assisted his mother on the farm until he arrived 
 at the age of maturity. Subsequently he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Margaret Hamilton, youngest daughter of John and Sarah 
 Hamilton, who were early settlers here, and a much respected 
 family, John Hamilton being a native of South Carolina, and is 
 favorably mentioned among the old settlers of this township. Mr. 
 White was a carpenter, but his principal occupation was that of a 
 farmer, in which he was successful. At the time of his death, 
 August 28, 1866, he owned a well-improved farm of near three hun- 
 dred acres, two miles south of Marissa, where his widow now resides, 
 a view of which can be seen in another part of this book. His farm 
 residence was the original Marissa post-ofiice. Mr. and Mrs. 
 White raised a family of five children, one son and four daughters, 
 as follows : — Sarah C, now the wife of James A. Wylie ; Margaret 
 J., now the wife of John T. Nixon, living in this township ; John 
 K., Nancy J., and Martha E. The three latter are still beneath 
 the parental roof. Mr. White, in character, was honest and up- 
 
 right ; ia disposition kind and charitable. He was an afiectionate 
 husband, a loving father, a firm friend, and held in esteem by his 
 neighbors. 
 
 DR. R. I. WATTS. 
 
 One of the great problems of life is " For what calling am I 
 fitted?" Many mistake their vocation and drag along forever in 
 the wrong groove. Not so with Dr. Watts; nature especially 
 fitted him in disposition, in energy, and in quick perception for the 
 practice of his chosen profession. He was born near Nashville, 
 Washington county, 111., Oct. 30th, 1843. His father was a farme r, 
 and in common with farmers' sons generally the doctor labored 
 upon the farm and attended the winter schools by turns. His 
 common school training was supplemented by attendance at Nash- 
 ville College, a school under Presbyterian guidance, near his home ; 
 here he studied the classics and mathematics, and acquired a taste 
 for scientific research that has ever followed him. In March, 
 1868, he graduated in the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. 
 He had for four years prior to this studied medicine with Drs. 
 Pierce, of Okawville. After graduation, not yet willing to fully 
 trust himself in the practice, he continued his studies under Dr. 
 Means and Carter, of Nashville, one summer, then located in Ma- 
 rissa, where he practiced two years, thence to his present home (a 
 view of which may be found in this work) in New Athens. His 
 ability as a practitioner is acknowledged on all hands, and few 
 physicians are oftener called in consultation in the management of 
 difficult cases by their professional brethren than he. When not 
 actively engaged he may often be found in the quiet of home pur- 
 suing his favorite themes in science, in whose aid he invokes the 
 microscope and applies chemistry. Politically the doctor is a sound 
 republican, gets greatly warmed up during exciting campaigns, 
 and " takes a hand " with a will. Was president of the Garfield 
 club during the last presidential campaign. Some years ago he 
 united with the Christian church, whose faith he yet avows. He 
 was married to Eliza Ellen Boggess, May 29, 1864. His parents, 
 Benjamin and Lucinda Watts, came from Georgia and first located 
 on Turkey Hill, from whence they removed to Washington county. 
 The doctor has a family of four children: Edward Ivy, Ernest 
 Everett, Clara Viola, and Ada Ellen. Three are deceased. He 
 is an active member of the medical societies of the county and of 
 the Southern Illinois. He is also a member of Freeburg Lodge, 
 No. 518 A. F. and A. M., in which order he is and has long been 
 deputy, and is now its representative. Active in his profession, 
 he richly merits success as his reward. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 269 
 
 FAYETTEVILLE PRECINCT. 
 
 J HIS precinct is irregularly shaped, located in 
 the south-east central part of the county, 
 bounded on the north by Belleville and Mas- 
 coutah ; on the east by Mascoutah, from 
 which it is separated by Silver creek and St. 
 Clair, from which it is separated by the Kas- 
 kaskia river ; on the south by Athens, the Kas- 
 kaskia river intervening, and on the west by 
 Richland township. It contains an area of 
 58! square miles, or 37,680 acres. Has a population of 3,338. 
 
 The Kaskaskia river, and Silver creek, which enters the 
 township on its northern boundary, flows a southerly course, 
 emptying into the Kaskaskia, and their tributaries furnish water 
 for stock and other purposes. The streams are skirted with a fine 
 growth of timber. The surface is gently undulating, with con- 
 siderable stretches of rich prairie. The noted Tamarois prairie, 
 named for a tribe of Indians who, many years ago, occupied it, 
 lies partially in this township. Coal is found in veins of extraor- 
 dinary thickness, at one point, on Solomon Teter's farm, cropping 
 out at the surface. The workable thickness of one of the veins, 
 near Freeburg, exceeds nine feet. The soil is well adapted to all 
 cereals, and produces abundant crops. 
 
 THE FIRST LAND ENTRIES 
 
 were by James Adams, 160 acres, it being the N. E i of section 19, 
 September 12th, 1814; by Matthew Atchison, 160 acres, being the 
 S. W. i section • 22, September 29th, 1814 ; by Pierre Menard, 160 
 acres, being the S. E. i section 22, April 29th, 1815; by Daniel 
 Howell, 160 acres, being the N. E. i section 25, April 27th, 1815 ; 
 by William Mcintosh, 320 acres, being N. h section 22, April 25th, 
 1815, all the above being in T. 1 S. R. 7 W., and by Samuel 
 Griffith, 35.54 acres, in section 4, March 4th, 1815 ; by Heirs of 
 G. Hendricks, 303 acres, in sections 8 and 9, April 15th, 1815 ; by 
 Samuel Mitchell, 160 acres, being the N. W. i section 10, August 
 14th, 1817, all in T. 2 S. R. 7 W. ; also by" William Goings, 
 147 91 acres, it being the N. W. t section 17, September 7th, 1814 ; 
 by Thomas Pulliam, 160 acres, being the N. E. \ section 18, Sep- 
 tember 9th, 1814 ; by same, 252.82 acres, in section 8, being the 
 location of his ferry, February 6th, 1817; by Daniel Stookey, 
 160 acres, being the S. W. \ of section 17, July 31st, 1817, all in 
 T. 2 S. R. 6 W. Prior to these entries some claims to lands had 
 been made and confirmed. They were as follows : Survey 386, 
 claim 523, 400 acres, was made by Theo. G. Hendricks, Nov. 29th, 
 1798, for militia duty in 1790. The tract was sold by his heirs to 
 Stephen Whiteside in 1820 ; survey 387 , claim 227, 400 acres, 
 by William Biggs, November 20th, 1798 ; survey 388, claim 759, 
 
 400 acres, by Larkin Rutherford, in 1799. About 500 acres of 
 the celebrated Tamarawa claim, being survey 607, claim 2209, 
 made by J. Edgar, November 20th, 1798, lies in this township; 
 also claim 776, 200 acres, by same party, claimed in payment for 
 services as Indian agent, made same time. 
 
 Two enterprising backwoodsmen, Jacob Short and Moses Quick, 
 from a settlement to the south-east, penetrated the forests skirting 
 the Kaekaskia, opposite the present site of Athens, in 1811, and, 
 with an eye to business, at once commenced felling timber, pre- 
 paratory to the construction of a raft. This was not a settlement ; 
 no cabin was erected. With the broad skies as a canopy ; mother 
 earth spread with furs as a bed ; game, brought down with their 
 unerring rifles, for their subsistence, they worked with energy. 
 Once completed, they launched their raft at a point about three- 
 quarters of a mile below Athens, and calmly floated down the tide 
 in the month of March. On their way they bought beef cattle, 
 corn, furs, etc., which th ey took on with them to New Orleans, 
 where they disposed of their raft and " plunder," and returned to 
 seek new homes in: St. Clair. This was the first boat built on the 
 river in St. Clair county, and the first to disturb the waters of the 
 Kaskaskia above Levens, save the canoes guided by Indians. 
 
 In 1797 Abraham Teter moved from Randolph county, Vir- 
 ginia, to New Design, Monroe county, this state. In 1803 or 1804, 
 in company with Peter Mitchell, Barbara Shook, Isaac Grifien and 
 families he came to this township, followed up the meanderings of 
 Silver creek to section 33, T. 1 S., R. 7 W., where he found a 
 double log cabin occupied by a Mr. Cook. He bought Cook's claim, 
 agreeing to occupy one end of the cabin, and Cook the other, the 
 first winter. Mitchell and Griffin located near by. Across the 
 creek lived a family named Radclifie. So that Cook and Radclifie 
 are believed to have been the first settlers. Among the early settlers 
 was a rumor to the effect that a family of three — husband, wife and 
 child had, prior to this, attempted to erect a cabin near the mouth 
 of Silver creek, but, before its completion, had met their deaths. 
 Their decomposed bodies were found by hunters from New Design, 
 and buried underneath a large hickory tree which was often pointed 
 out. This was about 1797, when militia claims were being selected. 
 The names of the parties and all facts are matters of oblivion. 
 
 Mrs. Cook enjoyed the reputation of being bewitched. Neigh- 
 bors in the vicinity of Turkey Hill (in those days ten, or even fif- 
 teen miles was looked upon as being in the neighborhood) verily 
 believed her a witch. Mr. Radclifie, living on the other side of 
 Silver creek, some two or three miles distant, laid claims to being a 
 witch-master, and by a singular coincidence established his claim 
 firmly in the minds of the people. Once Messrs. Teter and Mit- 
 chell had occasion to remain over night with him. At midnight 
 
270 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COVHTY, ILimOIS. 
 
 Ihcy mre aroused by loud laughter, and waking, saw Eadcliffe 
 sitting bolt upright in a bed on the floor laughing heartily. Said 
 he, " Mrs. Cook just came down the chimney, and I have kicked 
 her into the fire. Imagine Teter's surprise on the following morning 
 at hearing his wife's greeting him with a statement that Mrs. Cook had 
 "just been in and said she came near burning up last night. Some 
 coals had rolled out of the fireplace and burned her bed partially 
 and awakened her by burning her feet." Therefore Radcliffe was 
 authority in matters of witchery, and Mrs. Cook was more a witch 
 than ever. The following spring they left the settlement. Laac 
 Mitchell was born in the fall of 1805, being the first male child 
 born there. 
 
 Solomon Teter was born Feb. 19, 1809, and is the oldest native 
 born person now living in the precinct. He was one of a family of 
 eleven children, ten of whom, five boys and five girls grew to years 
 of maturity. His sister Eebecca was the first female child born. 
 She was born in 1805. 
 
 David Hill, the oldest settler now living in this precinct, and 
 among the oldest in the county, was brought an orphan boy from 
 Pennsylvania in 1808, to what is now Richland precinct. He mar- 
 ried Isabella Beunet, who was also an orphan brought to St. Clair 
 county, from Kentucky, in 1815. Mr. Hill is yet in the tnjoy- 
 ment of his faculties at the age of 88 years. He was a soldier from 
 this county in the war of 1812, and is one of the few who draws a 
 pension as such. 
 
 A child of Peter Mitchell was the first death, occurring in 
 1806. It was buried on section 34. The old burial ground thus set 
 apart was used until some fifty or sixty graves were made, then 
 abandoned. 
 
 Peter Mitchell was the first justice of the peace, and many were 
 the hearts he caused to thrill with happiness as he tied hymeneal 
 knots. As a justice he held high rank, and was for many years re- 
 tained in that capacity. 
 
 On April 28th, 1813, Patrick Huggins and Elizabeth Mitchell, 
 also William Huggens and Darter Barbary were married by Na- 
 than Arnett, a preacher of the gospel. Thus the list of marriage^ 
 commenced with a double wedding. 
 
 As early as 1815 John Boucher taught subscription school in the 
 Silver creek settlement. The school-house had an open fire-place 
 which occupied all of one end of the building. On dark days part 
 of the roof was raised for admission of light. 
 
 The early settlers were a devoted people, conscientious and 
 straight-forward in the observance of religious exercises. On the 21st 
 day of March, 1811, they organized the Silver Creek Baptist Church, 
 with seven members. Met from house to house until 1817, when a 
 log church was built. At their first meeting they adopted a consti- 
 tution which begins, " We agree to unite and be constituted on the 
 Bible of the Old and New Testament, and to be known by the name 
 of the Baptized Church of Christ, Friends to Humanity. Denying 
 union and communion with all persons holding the doctrine of 
 Perpetual, Involuntary, Hereditary Slavery." In their constitu- 
 tion was a clause to the eflJect that, " all persons failing to attend 
 regular church meetings for three meetings in succession, shall be 
 subject to be cited to attend and answer for neglect of duty." Such 
 rigorous strictures now would soon deplete the church roll of many 
 organizations. 
 
 On the east side of Silver Creek, sec. 3, Joseph McKinney put 
 up the first mill in 1815 ; it was a band-mill. Each patron fur- 
 nished his own power. It would grind from ten to twelve bushels 
 of corn a day. When wheat was ground, they used what McKin- 
 ney called "tarchers," or sieves, to sift it with. A great improve- 
 ment on this was the mill built by William Whitchinck and his 
 
 son in 1828. They did all the work themselves, except the black- 
 smithing. The stone, which they dressed themselves, was found in 
 David Pulliam's branch, about three miles south-east of Fayette- 
 ville. It was a round rock about h\ feet in diameter. It was 
 claimed by millers to be equal to any French burrstone. By 
 changing teams, the mill would turn out seventy-five bushels per day. 
 Oxen were mostly u^ed in grinding. 
 
 An amusing story is told of the administration of justice in early 
 
 days, or rather how the ends of justice were defeated. One C 
 
 F , who was near-sighted, was placed on a stand when deer- 
 hunting. He shot at a deer, as he supposed, but the ball struck a 
 rider and his horse, severely wounding the rider in the leg. For 
 this accident, as he claimed, he was arrested and tried in a school- 
 house by a jury. The house was crowded to suifocation. The case 
 was heard. All parties were requested to leave the house, to enable 
 the jury to consult together ; whereupon some wags stuffed the 
 chimney with prairie-grass, smoking out the jury, who adjourned 
 procipitately without rendering a verdict. 
 
 This precinct was represented in the Black Hawk war by Solo- 
 mon Teter, Aaron Land, Isaac Gritfin, John Baker and Myram 
 iMcMnllen. 
 
 The Cairo Short Line Railroad crosses the precinct diagonally 
 through the western half from north-west to south-east, a distance 
 of nearly ten miles. 
 
 Drum Hill, in this precinct, is one of the finest farming sections 
 of St. Clair county. It is in the north-eastern part, and derived its 
 name from the fact that a man named Carr, a drummer, settled 
 there in an early day. So habituated was he to drumming, that 
 morning and evening found him out in front of his cabin, beating 
 the drum-call — hence the name. 
 
 In the south-eastern part are several lakes, the largest of which 
 (Swan lake) covers an area of five hundred acres, and is nearly 
 two miles long. It lies in sees. 11, 12, 13 and 14. To the east 
 and near by are Bluff and Horse-shoe lakes, while to the south-west 
 are Gimblet and Dry lakes. Hunting about these lakes has fur- 
 nished rare sport. The precinct was established June 5th, 1839, 
 and called Jefferson,' which name it held until by common consent 
 the name Fayetteville was substituted. The first election was held 
 at Marshall's store, Jefferson. The judges were Philip Land, Jas. 
 Mason and William D. Ross. On petition, almost unanimously 
 signed, the polling place was changed to Henry Douth's, on Silver 
 Creek, June, 6th, 1843. 
 
 TOWN OF FREEBURG. 
 
 On Nov. llth, 1836, the town of Urbana, as it was first called, 
 was platted by John T. Lemen. It comprised eight blocks, divided 
 into 128 lots. Geographically, it was th* south-east quarter of the 
 south-east quarter sectioa 19, T. 1 S., R. 7 W. A large public 
 square was planned in the centre. Various additions have been 
 made to the original town as follows : by Thomas Temple, 36 lots 
 east of town, October 19th, 1853 ; by D. C. Wallace, 90 lots, Sept. 
 5th, 1853 ; by Reazin Thrifts, 8 lots, July 31st, 1857 ; by Philip 
 Ranch, 14 lots north, Aug. 23d, 1854; by Geo. W. Smith, 3 blocks 
 east, Sept. 1, 1853; by mill company, 12 blocks north of town, and 
 others at a later date— in all fourteen different additions. The 
 name was changed from Urbana to Freeburg in 1859, and Joseph 
 Reichertmade the first addition of 42 lots Dec. 30th, 1859, to Free- 
 burg. The post-office was located in 1851, with Geo. W. Smith as 
 postmaster. 
 
 Henry Barthel was the first justice of the peace in the village ; 
 first chosen in 1857, and served continuously until 1878. 
 
 Harbert Patterson was the first man to keep a stock of goods, 
 which he opened shortly after the location of Urbana was made. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 27 L 
 
 Mr. Welden was the second. Mr. Reicliert was the first cooper — 
 he came in 1847. 
 
 Prominent among the industries are the mills. The first built 
 was what is now called Reichert's, in 1853-4, by Temple, Potter & 
 Co. Its original cost was about $25,000. Has five run of stone. 
 Capacity 250 barrels per day. It, together with the cooperage at- 
 tached, gives employment to thirty men. The flour is shipped 
 chiefly to St. Louis. Four different brands are made: No. 1, 
 "Potter's Mills;" No. 2, "St. Clair;" No. 3, "Southern Star;" and 
 No. 4, "Urbana." Joseph Reichert, proprietor. 
 
 Frederick Mills, in the northern part of the town were built in 
 1866, by Darmelatter, Meng & Co., at a cost of $40,000. Has five 
 run of stone, with a capacity of making 200 barrels of flour per 
 day. Is well equipped with first class machinery. W. H. Wilder- 
 mann became proprietor in 1877. 
 
 A brewery was built by Heizmann and Barthel, in 1859. Now 
 owned by Joseph Reichert, and operated only sufficiently to supply 
 a local demand. 
 
 Freeburg was incorporated March 4th, 1867, by a unanimous 
 vote of her citizens. Population by census of 1880, was 1040. 
 
 LEADING BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 General Stores; Henry Barthel, Andrew Krause, Philip Hofl"- 
 mann, Peter Hermann, H. Huber. 
 
 Druggists; Philip C. Dare, Charles Kring. 
 
 Furniture; Charles Weber. 
 
 Hotels; "Freeburg House," by Adam Wolfi", "St. Clair," by 
 Conrad Soerg, Mrs. Conrath's, John Reichert's, Jacob Rader. 
 
 Blacksmiths; Groh Bros., Charles Frank, Daniel Borger, Tony 
 Meyer. 
 
 Hardware; Philip Conrath, Barthel Franz. 
 
 Livery: Peter Carwright Hill. 
 
 Physicians; Frederick Koeberlin, M. S. Carr, Henry Hertel. 
 
 There is a Lodge of A. F. and A. M., Freeburg Lodge, No. 418. 
 Instituted July 15th, 1864, with nine charter members. First W. 
 M. F. Koeberlin. Present W. M., W. H. Wilderman. 
 
 A singing and literary society, which is in a very flourishing 
 condition, having 38 members, and about 600 volumes in its library, 
 was organized March 5th, 1867. 
 
 Freeburg Fire Co., No. 1, was organized April 12th, 1876, with 
 forty-nine members. Have an engine manufactured in Philadel- 
 phia, costing $1000. Peter Etting, present captain. Have an 
 engine house, the property of the company. 
 
 Upon the incorporation of the town Messrs. James Hill, Sr., 
 Philip J. Koesterer, John Klingel, Christ. Barthel, and Fred. Koe- 
 berlin, were elected as Trustees. The present officers are Charles 
 Weber, Pres., Joseph Koesterer, Jaoob Ratherni, Nich. Groh, 
 Jacob Hoeder, Henry Serth, Otto Heizmann, Clerk ; William Bar- 
 thel, Treas., and Val. Volz, Constable. 
 
 FAYETTEVILLE, 
 
 Situated on the west bank of the Kaskaskia, was laid ofi'by Abjiah 
 Whiting and Thos. J. Pulliam, May 15, 1837, in 28 blocks, the cen- 
 tral one of which is a public square. Each of the other 27 is divided 
 into twelve lots. Thos. J. Pulliam made an addition of 180 lots 
 April 26, 1855. It has a population of about 350 inhabitants. 
 The first house was built by Thos. J. Pulliam, who for many years 
 kept the ferry. This village has had its " ups and downs." When 
 navigation of the river was thought to be an assured fact, property 
 commanded good prices and trade was brisk ; mills were built ; 
 many residences were erected ; stores were (eeming with piled up 
 goods, and all seemed fair for the future. Fires contributed much 
 
 to the destruction of business. Henry Voskamp was the first post- 
 master — appointed about 1840. He also opened the first store in 
 1836. L. Grossmann had the second store, opened shortly after 
 Voskamp 's. J. Brannum built the first mill in 1854-55; it was 
 subsequently destroyed by fire. A brewery, built in 1875 by Louis 
 Hedwegwas, burned down the same year. Being well insured, it 
 was rebuilt, but lack of business has occasioned it to stand idle for 
 the pa3t year. 
 
 The business of FayettevlUe is conducted by : 
 
 General Stores. — -Philip Wasem, L^roy Free, Gertrude Mitten- 
 dorfi: 
 
 Druggist. — Dr. Rembe. 
 
 Hotel: — "Okaw House," Vahlkatnp & Bro., Fritz Bautngarte, 
 Mitchell Funk, John Suess. 
 
 Blacksmith. — Adolph Kreikemier. 
 
 A large mill, having three run of stone, was built in 1863 by 
 William Maguire. It sold at one time for $20,000. It has been 
 idle for more than a year past.. Is owned by August C. Miller. 
 
 A wooden shoe factory is run, which supplies the home market. 
 
 In 1856 a floating or pontoon bridge was built across the river 
 here, supplanting the ferry. This bridge was carried off" by the 
 high waters in February this year. 
 
 There are two churches in Fayetteville — the Lutheran, built in 
 1854 by Henry Feitsam, contractor, and the Catholic, built in 
 1868. 
 
 JEFPEESON 
 
 Was platted Sept. 13, 1836, some months before Fayetteville, by 
 Pennington Power, Aaron Land, and Fielder Power. Its location 
 is on the west bank of the Kaskaskia, about three miles above Fay- 
 etteville. A saw mill was built, two stores were opened — one by 
 Francis Wilderman, the other by Marshall, and all seemed merry 
 as a summer day. The destruction of the saw mill by fire destroyed 
 all hope of making a city of Jefferson. July 29, 1865, it was var 
 cated. Down the river, on the Tamarawa claim, being No. 2209, 
 Survey 607, Adam Snyder (father of Judge Snyder), and James 
 Semple, selected a town site, and located Tamarawa, May 21, 1836. 
 Its location was sightly. It was on the great thoroughfare from the 
 east to the west, at what was claimed to be the best ford on the river. 
 For a time business bid fair to lay hold upon Tamarawa and claim 
 her for her own especial pride. So sanguine were friends of the fu- 
 ture of the infant city, which had already been planned on a most 
 liberal scale, that an addition was made July 8, 1837. But how 
 idle human speculations often prove! How are castles in Spain 
 ruthlessly dashed to earth? Tamarawa is no more, and Crescent 
 Place, now owned by Chauncy Hinckley, occupies the site. 
 
 LEMENTON 
 
 Was platted July 9, 1874, by Edward F. Leonard, John T. Lemen,- 
 and Robt. Moore. It is a small village, on the Cairo Short Line 
 railroad, midway between Freeburg aud New Athens. It is sur- 
 rounded by a rich agricultural district, and is quite a shipping 
 point for grain and coal. 
 
 Coal Mi7ies. — Numerous veins have been opened in various parts 
 of this precinct, many of which are now deserted. The Freeburg 
 Coal Co. operate the most extensive, having a shaft 156 feet deep, 
 with a 7 foot vein of coal, operated by steam power ; employs 20 to 
 30 men, and ships about six cars of coal daily to St. Louis. 
 Reichert's shaft, owned and operated by Joseph Reichert, is of about 
 the same depth, with a thicker vein, in places as thick as 10 feet, 
 operated by steam power ; employs ten to twelve men. Ships 3 to 
 5 cars daily. (See chapter on Geology). 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 ^BS3-®)-ESsS- 
 
 Attracted by stories of Americas wonderful fertility and the 
 excellence of her free institutions, Joseph Rciehert, Sr.,and family, 
 consisting of wife, three sons and five daughters, set sail for this 
 country and reached New Orleans May IjOth, 1847, thence made 
 their way up the Mississippi river to St. Clair county, already (piite 
 thickly settled by industrious German people. He soon suited him- 
 self in a location, and bought land adjoining the town of Freeburg. 
 His son, Joseph Reichert, Jr., the subject of this sketch, promptly 
 offered his services to a neighbor farmer, John Wise, who engaged 
 him for six dollars per month. Harvest being at hand he was 
 shown how to wield a cradle, and, the second day, kept pace with 
 others who were cradliug wheat, who were getting regular harvest- 
 er's wages. On the principle that a boy, although he does the labor 
 of a man, earns less, he continued for three months in the service 
 of his employer. In the fall of the year he went to St. Louis, Mo., 
 where he learned the cooper's trade, remaining there about two 
 years. He then returned to his home, and on the 28th of October, 
 
 1850, was united in marriage to Maria Rauth. By this union there 
 have been eleven children born, four boys and seven girls, of whom 
 eight are living. For four years succeeding his marriage he fol- 
 lowed liis trade, together with farming, when, in 1854, he opened a 
 cooper shop in Freeburg. In 1857 he was elected constable for 
 Faycttcville precinct, which office he held until 1862, when he re- 
 signed and bought, largely on credit, the mill property, which ac- 
 tion laid the foundations for that success which has crowned his 
 eftbrts in life. Nature seemed to have fitted him for this particular 
 business. During the war he watched closely the fluctuations on 
 the wheat and flour markets, and by taking advantage of the same, 
 soon amassed considerable property. His practical knowledge of 
 coopering enabling him to combine it with his milling business, aided 
 in these results. Not to be dependent was a watchword governing 
 his acts, hence he owns and controls a coal mine, a necessary ad- 
 junct to a mill, besides having an interest in another. As feeders 
 to his mill he has bought several valuable farms. His eminent 
 
' ^ • .i-/,> v Tifjaiit !t .i,y i ^.(V!r^:>!^y'^^ 
 
 Residence OF JOSEPH REICH ERT, Freeburg^Fayettevi lle Precinct^ St.Clair CoJll. 
 
 BuiSfNESs Block on Main St Belleville Property of JOSEPH. HE/CHERT 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 273 
 
 business qualifications led his fellow citizens to elect him a member 
 of the town council, of which he was made president, and in which 
 office he remained for seven or eight years, in fact, as long as he 
 ■would serve his constituencj'. He takes great interest in agricultural 
 affairs, and was, for five years, a member of the Board of Directors 
 of the St. Clair County Agricultural Society. Served one year as 
 Vice-President of that organization, and, in 1879, was chosen its 
 President, which position he yet holds. 
 
 In 1879, desiring to see his old home in Germany, Bargen, State 
 of Baden, where he was born, November 17th, 1828, he made the 
 trip only to return more fully impressed than ever with the value 
 and worth of American institutions. 
 
 One of the pleasant memories of his life was the attendance upon 
 the fiftieth anniversary, or golden wedding, of his parents, at the 
 home of his brother, October 1st, 1868. There were gathered to- 
 gether upon that occasion eight children, thirty-four grand-children 
 and nine great-grandchildren. The occasion was enlivened by 
 music by the Belleville band. Speeches were made by friends 
 present, among them Father Bartel, of Hanover ; Brefeld, of Hull ; 
 Maurer, of Columbia, and Janssen, of Mud creek. Altogether it 
 was an occasion of much good cheer. His father died July 22d, 
 1869, full of years, having been born January 24th, 1791. His 
 mother, who was born December 14th, 1799, in Bargen, a village of 
 Baden, yet lives. Politically, Mr. Reichert is a democrat. The. 
 party, recognizing his sterling worth, and desiring his services in 
 legislation, have twice nominated him as Eepresentative. As their 
 standard-bearer, he has made for himself hosts of friends. Fortu- 
 nate in his undertakings, prompt and energetic as a business mana- 
 ger, few men are more respected than he. Beginning life in hum- 
 ble circumstances, he has. steadily, step by step, by perseverance, 
 won a good footing in worldly goods, and is a fitting example of 
 what is in store as a reward for energy and directness of purpose 
 in our loved country. He has reared a large and intelligent family 
 of children who do him honor. 
 
 He has two brothers living in Freeburg: John, a hotel-keeper, 
 and Jacob, proprietor of the Freeburg brewery. Of his children, 
 several are married, as follows : Louisa, to Henry Serth, a miller 
 in Lenzburg ; Mary, to John Convar, of Belleville; George, to Ida 
 Friedlander, and Catharine, to Charles Becker, of Freeburg. 
 
 DR. CHARLES H. E. E. REMBE. 
 Among the wide-awake, energetic young practitioners of medi- 
 cine, none stand higher than Dr. Rembe. Thoroughly in love with 
 his profession, vigorous in health, successful in practice, he has 
 acquired, in the vicinity of Fayetteville, a large and lucrative 
 business. He was born in Freis, Germany, February 9th, 1856. 
 His father, Christoph Rembe, was a government ofiicial — an over- 
 seer of timber tracts, which position he has held for fifty years. 
 His mother's maiden name was Eliza Plitd, of Hesse-Darmstadt, 
 Germany. He received his education in the Gymnasium in Hers- 
 feldt, completing the course of study laid out for him in 1871. 
 The year following he determined to seek his fortune across the 
 sea, and emigrated to America, landing in New York in the month 
 of April, 1872, thence to the city of St. Louis, Mo , where he went 
 lo Marthasville, and studied his chosen profession with Dr. L. 
 Standinger, with whom he remained one and a half years. He 
 entered the Missouri Medical College in 1874, and in 1878 gradu- 
 ated from that institution in the largest class ever sent forth from 
 his alma mater. He was fortunate in his selection of a home, 
 which he promptly found, soon after graduation, in May, 1878, in 
 the village of Fayetteville. The Doctor's affability of manner, 
 
 painstaking in practice, promptness in responding to calls, have 
 won for him an enviable reputation. When the pontoon bridge, 
 spanning the Kaskaskia, at Fayetteville, was washed away, he 
 managed to keep relays of horses on the other side of the river, 
 across which he was carried by a canoe. There was at that time 
 nauch sickness, and he was compelled often to catch his rest as best 
 he could whilst traveling from patient to patient. A constitution 
 less robust would have broken down under the trials to which he 
 was subjected. In 1880 he visited his old home in Germany, re- 
 turning better satisfied than ever with his choice of a home. 
 
 Two of his brothers have followed him to republican America, 
 whilst a married sister yet remains in the old country. The doctor 
 has entered, with a will, into the spirit of American institutions, 
 and takes an ardent hold upon politics. His first vote was cast 
 for General James A. Garfield for President, and in his espousal of 
 the Republican cause he is most earnest. Ambitious to excel in 
 his profession ; a thorough student of ways and means presented 
 to insure success, Dr. Rembe's efforts are being crowned with a 
 full measure of success. 
 
 RUDOLPH W. HEIMBERGER. 
 Rudolph W. Heimbeegee, the present postmaster at Fayetteville, 
 was born in Mascoutah, December 29th, 1838. His father, Gustav, 
 a lawyer in Germany, came to America because of revolutionary 
 troubles which convulsed his native land, and which contributed 
 no little to the development of St. Clair County, in the year 1834. 
 Being somewhat of a roving disposition, and dissatisfied with the 
 outlook in and around Mascoutah, he went to Cuba in 1840, thence 
 to Central America, subsequently engaged in the Mexican war 
 as interpreter to Gen'l Shields, lost his left arm in a battle, and in 
 1856 he returned to Belleville, where he died in February, 1858. 
 Thus closed a remarkable and checkered career of a man of distinc- 
 tion. Rudolph was married to Ann Hermann October 9th, 1866, 
 by whom he has four children, Emma, Anna, Gustav and Her- 
 mann. He learned watch-making and gun-smithing in St. Louis, 
 Mo., in 1858, and became a clerk in a dry goods establishment in 
 Belleville, the next year, where he remained until the breaking out 
 of the civil war, when he enlisted in Co. F., 9th Reg't, Illinois 
 Volunteers, one of the first six regiments from that state. Remain- 
 ed in the army, in all three years and five months ; went out as 
 color sergeant. His experience as a soldier was rough in common 
 with all in his command ; his being one of the regiments that bore 
 their part in all the battles from Cairo to the sea. After the war 
 he resumed his clerical duties, engaging his services in the employ 
 of S. P. Chandler & Co., then of Joseph Abend, with whom he re- 
 mained four years, next that of Feuss & Hilgard, with whom he 
 remained until his change of location from Belleville to his present 
 home in Fayetteville, iu 1880. In all, he has filled the position of 
 clerk, for various firms, for a period of twenty-six years. At 
 present he is post-master at Fayetteville, and is engaged in the real 
 estate business, with which he combines the duties of a Notary 
 Public. His energy is meeting the success he deserves to win. He 
 inherits the restless energy of his father and grandfather. Dr. 
 Lafontaine (who located in in Mascoutah in 1836, and who was a 
 physician and chemist of note in Germany), and being possessed of 
 business tact will succeed. The same spirit of patriotism which 
 prompted him to go forth and battle for his country, still actuates 
 him to remain true to the Union he helped to preserve, and believ- 
 ing that the grand old republican party saved the Union, he is 
 active in his support of its principles. A true friend, a genial 
 companion, a live citizen, Rudolph W. Heimberger is respected of 
 his fellow men. 
 
274 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COTJNIY, ILLINOIS 
 
 ^^J/f^.^^ 
 
 "Was born 'ia the village of Ostenfelde, Prussia, July llth, 1839. 
 His father, Theodore, was a prjminent contractor and builder in 
 his native land, and many churches and public buildings stand as 
 monuments to his skill as an artisan. He combined with this con- 
 tracting for railroads to the importance of which as a lever of pro- 
 gress he was thoroughly alive, and in which business he was quite 
 ■successful. During the troublous times in Germany in 1848 he 
 came to America, bringing with him his family of eight children, 
 five boys and three girls, all yet living. The sons by name and in 
 the order of their birth are Henry, Bernhardt, Frederick, Stephan, 
 and George; the daughters are all married with names as fiilows, 
 Gertrude Dickemper, Christina D,)enewald and Mary p]hrliardt. 
 He located on an eighty acre tract of Ian I near Faycttcvillc, St. 
 Clair county, Illinois, shortly after coming to this country. He 
 brought with him about .$3,000, which at tluit time was considered 
 a small fortune. Here, full of years and honor, respected of all 
 men, admired of all for his urbane manners and kindly disposiiion, 
 he died July 2, 1859. His wife, Mary Ann, survived him twenty 
 years, dying February 11, 1879 Theodore Vahlkamp was liorn 
 September 16, 1792, hence had witnessed many changes and great 
 growth in his native land, and something of a greater growth and 
 one filled with more promise in the land of his adoption. His wife 
 was born in the year 1800. Thus it will be seen that Steplian 
 Vahlkamp the subject of this sketch, came of a family of progres- 
 sive spirit and rich in the endowments of nature. His has been an 
 active life, chiefly engaged in agricultural pursuits which have 
 been varied, as his tastes dictated and restless energy demanded, by 
 merchandizing and hotel keeping. His first experience outside of 
 farming was in the management of a hotel in 1865-6. This was 
 
 followed by merchandizing from 1867 to 1872, in which busi- 
 ness his tact compelled success. In 1873 he took charge of the 
 Okaw House in connection with his brotlier Bernhardt, which 
 business he yet pursues. He skillfully manages a farm of five 
 hundred and fortj' acres of excellent land and is rapidly amassing 
 wealth by judicious investments and great painstaking. He was 
 married to Elizabeth Raub, July 20, 1860, by the Rev. Rosenthal, 
 in the Catholic Church in Fayetteville. By this union there have 
 been twelve children of whom six are living. The names of the 
 living are, respectively, Theodore, Ida, Sophia, Henry, John and 
 Jacol). During the latter part of the war he was drafted, but the 
 cares of a family devolving upon him he furnished a substitute, as 
 did many others like situated, at no small cost to himself. When 
 a youth he experienced his full share of the trials incident to 
 ])ioiiecr settlement. During the first few years after coming to this 
 country nuich sickness prevailed throughout the vicinity. He is 
 an active supporter of tiie Citholic faith, and has contributed no 
 little towards the success of the cause in his community. Every 
 beneficial public enterprise finds in him a friend, and with means 
 and voice he is ever ready to do his share. Politically, he is free 
 in the expression of his sentiments and earnest in, their avowal. 
 He has always affiliated with the democratic party, having cast his 
 first vote for the " Little Giant," Stephen A. Douglas, in 1860, of 
 which he is quite proud. Although eminently qualified to fill 
 positions of trust, he uniformly declines any such honors, preferring 
 the quiet of home life and the prosecution of his regular business. 
 Energetic in business, affable in manners, generous in dispensing 
 hospitality, no man stands higher in tlie esteem of his fellow-men 
 in this vicinity than Stephan Vahlkamp. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 275 
 
 Heney Baethel was born in the village of Langenselbold, Cen- 
 tral Germany, August 28tli, 1827. His parents, Wm. and Catharine 
 Barthel, emigrated from the Fatherland to America, lauding at New 
 Orleans in 1840 ; thence they went to Belleville, one of the centers 
 of German attractions, from which point they looked about them 
 for a new home, and found it about a mile and a half east of 
 Freedom, in Prairie Du Long. They lived but a short time in the 
 enjoyment of this place, as William died in 1841, and his wife fol- 
 lowed him in 1842. Henry thus left an orphan went to St. Louis, 
 where he was apprenticed to the saddle and harness making trade, 
 with Henry T. Ford. At the age of nineteen he engaged in 
 the quarter-master's department of the government service, and was 
 sent to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1846. Here the manufacturing 
 and repairing of sad.lles and harness fell into his charge. The fol- 
 lowing year, most of the troops having been sent to the front, 
 leaving General Price in command at Santa Fe, with but few men, 
 civilians had to now and then stand guard, so that guard duty 
 broke the monotony of his trade. Here he remained, in all, five 
 year, and in 1851 returned to Illinois, and settled on a farm about 
 three miles east of Freeburg. After three years of farm life he 
 moved to Freeburg, where he has since resided. His early educa- 
 tion was obtained in one of the rough school-houses on Prairie Du 
 Long, where in company with Hon. Wm. R. Morrison, he attended 
 a school taught by Matthew Donahue. His reader was the old 
 Illinois form book, that of Morrison, a history of the United States. 
 This reader indelibly impressed upon his mind forms of legal papers 
 and documents, that have ever remained with him, aud which in 
 
 his position of Justice of the Peace, to which he was first elected 
 while liviug in Monroe county in 1852, and again soon after 
 making a change of home to Freeburg, have been of great service. 
 He held the office of Justice of the Peace continuously for a period 
 of twenty-four years — years replete with interesting reminiscences 
 of cases before his court, and " thank you " wedding ceremonies 
 performed. He was elected a member of the Board of Commis- 
 sioners for St. Clair county in 1876. During his term of service 
 many public improvements were inaugurated ; the first iron bridge 
 over the Kaskaskia at New Athens was built, macadamizing of 
 Centerville and St. Louis road was done, the Court House Square 
 was inclosed, and other like enterprises were consummated. In 
 politics he has always been a consistent democrat, although his fir^t 
 presidential ballot was cast for Scott. This vote, he says, was so cast 
 because he knew of Scott and not of Pierce. In business afiairs 
 Mr. Barthel has alway been energetic. He opened the first sad- 
 dlery establishment in Freeburg in 1854. Sold out in 1858, and 
 in company with others erected the brewery, from which he with- 
 drew the same year. In 1861 he went into general merchandizing, 
 which he yet pursues. He was married to Mai-garet Mohr April 
 12th, 1852, who died Jan. Hth, 1859. Was married to Anna 
 Marie Bumb in June, 1850, who died Sept. 8th, 1872. His present 
 wife is Gertrude Bumb, to whom he was married May 22d, 1873. 
 In all he has six children living. An upright citizen, a straight- 
 forward business man, he is an honor to the community in which 
 he lives, aud whose servant as a Justice he has so long been. 
 
276 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 ^u}A^a^ 
 
 One of the present county commissioners, was born in Nassau, Ger- 
 many, November 10th, 1834. His father, Henry Fietsam, was en- 
 gaged for many years in the government service of his native land 
 as a surveyor. As such he surveyed nearly all of Nassau. One of 
 his duties was to make a division of timbered lands, belonging to 
 the general government, between the various villages, alotting tracts 
 to them proportioned to their population. This duty he discharged 
 satisfactorily. This country olfcred better inducements than tlieir 
 own to his growing family, so that the year 1850 found tliem all 
 here. Sebastian first came in 1846, others in 1.S47, until eleven 
 sons, in all, had made their home in America. He followed his 
 family here, resigning his position, and once hercloentid in Shiloh 
 valley, a few miles from Belleville. Three year.s afterwards he 
 moved to Drum Hill, near Fayetteville, where he died January 1, 
 1872, at the age of eighty years. His wife Judilli i-urvived him 
 more than four years, having died August '24ih, 187(1. He cele- 
 brated the fiftieth anniversary of wedded life at Lis home in ]8(i4. 
 A notable occasi(m whose plea.^ant memories are treasured up in 
 the minds of loving sons and friends. The subject of this sketch, 
 Charles H. Fietsam, was the eleventh child in the fomily in the 
 order of birth. He had heard of America iu boyhdod as a wonder- 
 land, and when he was sixteen, be was glad of his father's determi- 
 nation to cross the great sea and make a home in old St. Clair 
 county, which was at that time attracting so much attention among 
 German emigrants. Once here his first great necessity was to master 
 the English tongue. In this he was quite backward, and many 
 were the mistakes he would make, mistakes too very confusing to 
 his sensitive nature. He had a tolerably good German education, 
 which was supplemented liy but twelve hours attendance, all told 
 
 at a writing school in his neighborhood. At the age of twenty-two 
 he -nas crippled by falling from a wagon, drawn by a runaway team. 
 This disabled him fir farm service, hence he was set to work in a 
 store kept by an older brother, Sebastian, in Fayetteville. Here 
 necessity compelled him to learn English. Calls for articles with 
 whose names he was not familiar, caused ludicrous errors. This 
 experience gained for him a practical business education, which has 
 proved of great service. He was united in marriage to Elizabeth 
 Laux, Septend)er Oth, 18t)0. One child, a daughter, Ida, now the 
 wife of Frank Abcrle, was the fruit of this marriage. His first 
 wife dying, be married Philomena Zeller, Ajiril 4th, 1864, by whom 
 he had seven children, all living. Mr. Fietsam has pursued farm- 
 ing all bis life, and combined with such pursuits as his qualifications 
 have eminently fitted him -for, and to which his neighbors have re- 
 ]H'atcilly called him. For twelve years he was retained as super- 
 visiu- in his home precinct, for ten years the duties of deputy asses- 
 sor were assigned him, and latterly he has been chosen Justice of 
 the Peace. iMilarging his sphere of usefulness his fellow citizens 
 last fall elected him county commissioner — a just recognition of his 
 services in public life. To this position be has carried the same 
 degree of energy, the same spirit of industry that has ever charac- 
 terized him in oificcs of public trust. Exact and business-like in 
 all his methods, judicious in all his actions, ever guardful of the best 
 interests of the county, he is making for himself hosts of friends. 
 His selection as commissioner is one of which his constituency is 
 justly proud. In politics he is a democrat of the straightcst sect, 
 as undeviating in his devotion to the principles of the party as the 
 needle to the pidc. His first vote was cast tor Judge Wm. H. 
 Snyder for circuit Judge under somewhat singular circumstances. 
 
JOHN GRIFFEN, (deceased.) 
 
 Whose portrait adorns this page, is a representative of oue of the 
 pioneer families of this county. He was bora east of Belleville, 
 January 6, 1807. His parents were Isaac and Rebecca (Jritien, 
 nee Peter. Mr. Griffen always resided in his native township ]?y 
 occupation he was a farmer. In agricultural jiursuits he took great 
 delight. When it was proposed to organize and maintain a i''air 
 Association in St. Clair county, ho was one of the first to lend his 
 aid, and was for many years an officer and director. As jircsidcnt 
 of the association in 1866, he won the apjirobation of all. He was 
 
 married June 10, 1830, to 3[alinda J. Rains, by whom he had — in 
 all — sixteen children, only three of whom survive. Politically, he 
 was a democrat of the Jackson school. Not a seeker for office — he 
 yet was active in the propagation of his political faith. He was a 
 member of tlic ISaptist church, holding such membership with the 
 oiliest organization of that society in Illinois. He died April 17, 
 187'.), within sight of his birth-place. He was esteemed for his vir- 
 tues, honored i'or his talents, and loved for his social qualities. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 211 
 
 showiug the difference between political elections nearly thirty years 
 ago and now. There was no excitement. He accompanied his 
 father afoot from Belleville to his home on election day. When 
 they reached Freeburg, or Urbana as it was then called, they were 
 informed for the first time that an election was being held, and 
 voted. His first presidential ballot was cast for James Buchanan ; 
 since then he has voted for the regular democratic nominees, al- 
 though each time they have suffered defeat. He is of the opinion 
 that they triumphed at the polls in 1876, but were defrauded out 
 of their rights. He hopes for the eventual success of democratic 
 principles. In religion Mr. Fietsam is an adherent to the Catholic 
 faith. His business qualifications have fitted him for the various 
 positions he has held, among them that of Financial Secretary of 
 the Farmer's Mutual Fire Insurance Society of St. Clair county, to 
 which position he was chosen October 11th, 1868. Upright, honest 
 and capable, he has hosts of friends. In the community where he 
 has long resided and is Isnown by all, none are more respected for 
 their worth as a man and citizen than Mr. Fietsam. 
 
 THE LAND FAMILY. 
 
 The above named family are among the early settlers of St. 
 Clair county. Philip, son of Moses Land, was born in Virginia, 
 March 2d, 1785. He removed to South Carolina, and there married 
 Elizabeth Fike. The year of the marriage was 1805. He after- 
 wards left South Carolina and went to Kentucky, and from that 
 state came to Illinois in 1816, and settled in St. Clair county, at a 
 point then and now known as Turkey Hill. About ths yeir 1818 
 he moved to a place on the Kaskaskia, near where Fayetteville 
 now stands, and there he remained until his death, which took 
 plac3 in April, 1857. His wife died on the old place or homestead, 
 in 1841. There were six children born to Philip and Elizabeth 
 Land. Their names were Aaron, Cynthia, Moses, Rebecca, Eva- 
 line, and Nathan. Aaron and Cynthia were born in South Caro- 
 lina. Moses, Rebecca and Evaline in Kentucky, and Nathan in 
 St. Clair county, Illinois. Aaron Land married Lucy Dial. Cyn- 
 thia married Patrick Costello, who died about the year 1841, after 
 which she married Edward McGarren. Moses Land married 
 Louisa Dial. Rebecca died unmarried, about the age of eighteen 
 years. Nathan was twice married; first to Sarah Curtis, in 1845. 
 She died in 1853. He then married Minerva Benwell, daughter 
 of Joseph Prim, in 1858. He was raised on a farm, and followed 
 agricultural pursuits until after the death of his wife, when he en- 
 gaged in merchandizing in the town of Mascoutah, in which he 
 continued for three or four years, when he sold out and purchased 
 an interest in the flouring mill in Mascoutah, which was built by 
 Messrs. Postal & Eisenmayer, and is now owned and operated by 
 Philip H. Postal. In August, 1862, during the war, he raised a 
 company of volunteers, which were enlisted into the service, when 
 they became a part of the 117th regiment Illinois volunteers. Col. 
 R. M. Moore commanding. The regiment did gallant and meri- 
 torious service during the war. Captain Land contracted sickness, 
 which compelled him to send in his resignation, and he was hon- 
 orably discharged in September, 1864. During the last six months 
 of his service, he was detailed as one of the members of the military 
 court before whom offenders under the military law were tried. In 
 the fall of 186.5 he moved to Warrenburg, Missouri, and engaged 
 in mercantile business. On Christmas eve the year following, he 
 suffered considerable loss by having his property destroyed by fire. 
 In 1867 he built a flouring mill in Warrenburg, and from that 
 time to the present has been engaged in milling business. Since 
 
 starting he has associated others with him, and the firm is now 
 known as Land, Fike & Co. 
 
 Aaron Land, the eldest brother, was a soldier in the Black Hawk 
 War; and went out in 1831, and again in 1832. He was orderly - 
 sergeant of his company both times. He also served a number of 
 years as Justice of the Peace in St. Clair county. 
 
 Cynthia Land, as stated above, married Patrick Costello, who 
 was a native of Tipperary county, Ireland. He died February 
 21st, 1842. By that union there wtre six children; two of whom 
 are living, viz, Elizabeth, wife of William Shawn, farmer of 
 Washington county, Illinois, and William Costello. Nathan died 
 in his fourteenth year. William was born in St. Clair county, and 
 grew to manhood, and married Miss Nancy S., daughter of Lucius 
 Don, and Matilda V. (Stunz) Turner. The date of the marriage 
 was February 9th, 1865. By this union there were four children ; 
 three of whom are living. Their names were Mary H., Laura, 
 who died in her fourth year, Don, and Elizabeth Costello. Patrick 
 Costello was of an old family in Ireland. His ancestors were large 
 land owners, at the time when Cromwell invaded the country. 
 They were Catholics, consequently their lands and possessions 
 were seized and confiscated to the Crown. 
 
 THE FIKE FAMILY 
 
 Is probably of Welsh or German origin. Abel Fike, son of Nathan 
 Fike, was the first person of that name who lived in that portion 
 of Illinois now embraced in the bounds of St. Clair county. He 
 was born in North Carolina, April 15, 1777. His first wife, whose 
 maiden name was Rachel Crownover, was born in March, 1785, in 
 the state of New Jersey. They were married in the year 1805, and 
 settled in Pendleton county. South Carolina, where two sons were 
 born — Ai, born March 28, 1807, and Benjamin, born December 13, 
 1808. The family removed to Hopkins county, Kentucky, where 
 another son, John Jasper, was born, August 7, 1810. From Ken- 
 tucky he moved with his family, and settled about the year 1811-12, 
 in what is now St. Clair county, Illinois, near Turkey Hill, about 
 six miles east of the city of Belleville. Here two more children 
 were added to the family — Ansby, born July 10, 1812, and Narcissa, 
 born November 1, 1813. His wife died in March, 1815. In De- 
 cember of the same year he was married a second time, to Mrs. 
 Nancy Crownover (whose maiden name was Nancy Land), widow 
 of Joseph Crownover, who died January 20th, 1815. The widow 
 Crownover, who was born in Pendleton county. South Carolina, 
 May 22, 1792, and whose husband was a brother to Abel Fike's 
 first wife, had two children — Melissa Crownover, born in Pendleton 
 county. South Carolina, January 14, 1810, and Garritt Crownover, 
 born in Illinois, December 31, 1813. 
 
 So, when Abel Fike was married to his second wife, they had, in 
 addition to the meagre domestic supplies of that early pioneer period 
 in the history of the West, a joint stock of seven children with which 
 to embark in the new enterprise of life. This family was increased 
 by an addition of six more children, as follows : Nathan, born 
 March 25, 1817 ; Permelia Ann, born January 25th, 1819; Moses 
 Perry, born January 21, 1821 ; Charity Jane, born August 9, 1822 ; 
 Sarah, born April 30, 1828, and Henry Clay, (who furnished this 
 sketch), born December 21, 1832. 
 
 Abel Fike continued to live in the same neighborhood, where 
 his family grew up and mostly married. In December, 1836, he 
 sold the farm on which he was then residing, which is about one 
 half a mile south of Reutchler's station on the South Eastern rail- 
 ro d, to Mr. Raith, who had just arrived with his family from Ger- 
 
278 
 
 EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIB COVNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 many, and moved into Looking-glass prairie, and settled about two 
 miles north-east of Mascoutah, where he continued to live till his 
 death, which occurred February 10, 1852, in his seventy-fifth year. 
 For many years of his life, Abel Fike held the office of justice of 
 the peace, and was for several terms a member of the board of 
 county commissioners. The oldest commission held by him, of 
 which the family have any account, is one dated May 20, 1816, 
 while Illinois was yet under territorial form of government, and 
 Nathaniel Pope was governor of the territory. 
 
 ABEL FIKE's children. 
 
 The oldtst of Abel Fike's children, Ai, was married to Nancy 
 Brown, daughter of Major H. T. Brown, about the year 1830. He was 
 married asecondtime, to Mrs. Martha Swan, in 1855. He moved from 
 St. Clair county to Clay county, Illinois, in the year 1864, from which 
 locality he soon moved to Laclede county, Missouri, where he now 
 lives. Ai Fike had five children by his first wife and three by the last. 
 Of the first family, Andrew J. lives in Lompoc, California ; Williaoi 
 H. lives near Clinton, Mo., and Abel lives near Ottawa, Kansas. 
 
 Benjamin, second son of Abel Fike, was married about 1830, to 
 Maria Swaggard, sister of George Swaggard, Esq., now of Mascou- 
 tah, Illinois, and was married again to Margaret Chrisman, about 
 1 843. None of the children of the first marriage are known to be 
 living. One child by second marriage, a daughter Emma, was 
 married to P. McClelland, and was living in Marion county, Illi- 
 nois, when last heard from. Benjamin Fike died in March, 1845, 
 on his farm, five miles north-east of Mascoulah, on Looking-glass 
 prairie. 
 
 John Jasper, third son of Abel Fike, was married to Elizabeth 
 Howell about 1831. He had six children, all girls but one. He 
 lived after marriage near Drum Hill, about half-a-mile west of the 
 old town of Jefierson, on the Okaw river, till the year 1850, when 
 he moved with his family to the state of California. They lost two 
 children, David and Elizabeth, by cholera, while crossing the plains 
 overland. . The only two children living are Mary, (married to 
 William Hopps in 1848) now living near Joplin, Mo., and Rachel, 
 (married to T. J. Pulliam in 1856) now living in south-west Mis- 
 souri. John Jasper Fike died in California in the year 1852. 
 
 Ansby, the fourth son, was married to Mary Anderson, November 
 3, 1831. He had four sons and two daughters, who lived to ma- 
 turity and married. Their names are Anderson Y., John W., 
 Narcissa, Mary Jane, Doniphan and Corrington, who are all living 
 at present. Ansby Fike was engaged in the mercantile business 
 early in life, in Jefferson and Mascoutah ; went to California in 
 1849 ; returned in 1852; was a justice of the peace for a number 
 of years, and member of the county court of St. Clair county, in 
 1854 and 1855. He now lives in Cliulon, Henry county, Mo., to 
 which place he moved in 1866. 
 
 Narcissa, the fifth child of Abel Fike, was married to T. B. 
 Davis about the year 1831, and lived on Turkey Hill for a few 
 years, when the family moved into Looking-glass prairie, where 
 she died, February 13, 1842. She had four daughters — Louisa, 
 Nancy, Rachel and Maria, who lived to be grown and married. 
 
 Nathan Fike, the oldest of the second family of children, was 
 married to Elizabeth Crouck, by whom he had one son, James A. 
 'who now lives in Ferndale, California. Nathan's wife dying, he went 
 into the Mexican war, and at the close of this war, went to the 
 state of California, where he engaged in mining and farming. He 
 subsequently married again, and settled in San Francisco, where 
 he now lives, engaged in metcautile pursuits. 
 
 Permelia, second in order, was married to Johan Bagby^^ho 
 died near Mascoutah, on a farm. She was then married to Henry 
 Amos. They moved to the state of Iowa, but returned to Mas- 
 coutah in a few years. Permelia had one daughter, Leandra, by 
 the first marriage, and four daughters by the last -Joanna, Nancy, 
 Martha and Josephine. The family moved to California about 
 1869. The daughters are all married, and the parents are now 
 living at Napa city in that state. 
 
 Moses Perry was married to Sarah Howell in 1843. He went to 
 California in 1849 and returned in 1851. He had four children- 
 Delia M., Lffititia, AValter M. and El Dorado ; all lived to be 
 grown and married. Moses was engaged in teaching in the com- 
 mon schools of his day prior to marriage. After his return from 
 California he was engaged in merchandizing in Mascoutah, till his 
 death, which occurred February 23, 1852. 
 
 Charity Jane was married to Charles Rayhill in 1841, and lived 
 with her husband on a farm three miles east of Mascoutah, where 
 their union was blessed with seven children, who are all still living. 
 Their namas, in the order of their ages, are : Batty A. L., Helen, 
 Leonora, George W., Julia, Lucy, and Charles G. The family 
 moved to Warreasburg, Mo., about the year 1873, where they re- 
 mained until 1879, when they m^ved to BjUeville, 111., where thsy 
 now reside. Mr. and Mrs. Rayhill gave their children a good edu- 
 cation, most of them being graJuatas of institu Dions of learning of 
 high rank. All tha children are m irrieJ but the youngest 
 
 Sarah was married to William Floyd in 1849. They lived for 
 some time in Bond cjuuty, lUiajis, oa a farui ; afterwards moved 
 to Lebanon, where Mr. Floyd engaged in merchandizing, and at 
 the same time educated his children in thj exoelleat schools of that 
 place. The family was blessed with six children, in the following 
 order: Georgie, Addie, Hattie, Nannie, Henry T. and Ettie. Mr. 
 Floyd moved with his family, in 1873 to Missouri ; lived in Sedalia 
 and Warrensburg; afterwards moved to Green Castle, Indiana, 
 where he now lives. He gave h\i children a good- education, some 
 of them becoming qaitj proficient in the science of music. 
 
 Henry C , the youngest of all the children, after receiving a 
 common-school education, entered McKendree College in 1847, at 
 the age of fourteen. In 1852, in his twentieth year, he graduated 
 in the classical course. During the ten succeeding years he was 
 principally engaged in teaching ; was principal of the Mascoutah 
 public schools from 1857 to 1862. In 1862 he enlisted in the U. S. 
 Volunteer service, and was mustered in as quartermaster of the 
 117th Reg. 111. Vols. Inf't., on the 26th day of August of that year. 
 His regiment was attached to the Western Department, whose 
 field of active duty led them through parts of all the southern 
 states bordering on the Mississippi river. He was discharged July 
 12, 1865, after the close of the war. He married Lucy C Power, 
 who resided near Trenton, Clinton county, 111., December 25, 1855. 
 They have had two children. The first, a daughter. May, died in 
 infancy ; the second, Ella, was born January 16, 1861. The family 
 moved from Mascoutah in 1867 to Warrensburg, Mo., where they 
 now live. Mr. Fike has filled several places of official responsi- 
 bility in his new western home. He was for four years a member 
 of the board of education of the city of Warrensburg, Mo., and is 
 now serving his sixth year as a member of the city council. He is 
 a member and secretary of the board of regents of the State Normal 
 School located at Warrensburg. Mr. Fike, in company with Na- 
 than Land and Moses Land, erected a merchant flour mill in the 
 city of Warrensburg in 1867, which they have co.,iinued to operate 
 to the present. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 279 
 
 J. C. WILDE RM AN. 
 Prominent among the names of early settlers about the bsauti- 
 ful Turkey Hill district will be found that of George Wilderraan, 
 father of the subject of this sketch. George Wilderman raised a 
 large family, nine in number, of whom J. C. Wilderman was the 
 eighth in order of birth. This family has furnished some of the 
 best, most energetic and most highly respected citizens of St. Glair 
 county. Their chief occupation has been that of farming, in 
 which calling they have excelled. J. G Wilderman, or " Gal.," 
 as he is familiarly called by his neighbors and friends, was born 
 June 22d, 1827. At the time the Kickapoo Indians were still 
 camping around the borders of civilization, farmers were making 
 for themselves homes along the water-courses ; the prairies were 
 left to their long grasses and bright flowers, so that Mr. Wilder- 
 man has witnessed great changes around the home of his youth. 
 His first teacher in the common schools was William Davis, 
 honored in memory as having been the instructor of many of our 
 representative men of to-day. Here Mr. Wilderman received the 
 rudiments of an education, and in 1852 determined on yet further 
 improving himself, he entered Shurtleff Gollege, at Upper Alton, 
 where he remained but one session. On his return he pursued the 
 work of his life, that of farming, and bought the place where he 
 now lives the same year. He was married to Margaret 0. 
 Mc Bride, daughter of William J and Dovey McBride, by Rev. J. 
 H. Holloway, April 22d, 1856, and built a residence on his farm 
 about two miles south of Freeburg. By this marriage there liave 
 been born to him six children, five of whom are living. He takes 
 great interest in agricultural aflairs, and possesses one of the best 
 cultivated farms in his neighborhood, a farm of three hundred 
 and forty acres in extent, adorned by an elegant home mansion 
 and creditable out-buildings. ' He is a stockholder in the St. Glair 
 Gounty Agricultural Society, in whose work he takes pride. 
 Politically Mr. Wilderraan is a tried and true Republican. Tried, 
 in that when his party friends thought the interests of his party 
 would be best subserved by his becoming their candidate for the 
 Gounty Commissionership in 1880, in the face of a large democratic 
 majority, he made the race. Despite the vaunted strength of the 
 opposition and their boasted majority of over a thousand votes, he 
 was only defeated by a paltry one hundred and twenty-two votes- 
 True, in that he has remained steadfast to the colors from the or- 
 ganization of the party in 1856, with Fremont as their standard 
 bearer until now. His first ballot was cast for General Taylor, the 
 whig candidate for the Presidency, in 1848, and ever since he has 
 seen no reason for changing front, but believes in being identified 
 with the great party of progress. In educational matters he has 
 ever been active, and repeatedly has served his fellow-citizens as 
 school-director. In religion he is an active member of the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church, and takes deep interest in every effort 
 made to extend the usefulness of church or Sunday School. He 
 and his wife have heeded the Macedonian cry, and are members 
 of the Southern Illinois Missionary Society, also of the American 
 Bible Society. Mr. Wilderman can look back over a life well 
 spent, and one whose labors have been crowned with success. 
 Thirty years ago he started out with a clear head and willing 
 hands, to erect a home. He owned not an acre of land ; had, how- 
 ever, means sufficient to give him a start, and grandly has he im- 
 proved that start. Surrounded by an intelligent family, in an 
 elegant home, in the midst of a large and productive farm, he is 
 prepared to enjoy the evening of life in peace and comfort. His 
 oldest son, Hugh H. Wilderman, born January 26th, 1857, was 
 married to Roselle Moore, daughter of Capt. L. W. Moore, Feb. 
 12th, 1879, and is now living on the farm in which Wilderman 
 
 Station stands. He attended his home school, and supplemented 
 the course by attendance at McKendree College for two years, 
 then at Gem City Business College, Quincy, Illinois, where he 
 graduated in June, 1876. He is a member of the American Bible 
 Society. Although a farmer, his natural field of labor seems to 
 be mechanics, as he is possessed of rare inventive genius. The 
 other children of Mr. Wilderman are William Norris, born April 
 21st, 1859; Adie, born August 22d, 1861, died March 22.1, 1873; 
 Julius T., born March 10th, 1884; Emma W., born January 3d, 
 1868, and Olive E., born July 26th, 1870. 
 
 4 
 
 PETER HERMAN, Jr. 
 Among the live, wide-awake, enterprising business men of Free- 
 burg none deserve better mention than the subject of this sketch. 
 It is men like him that build up the country. In his especial line 
 of buiinssj nothing new, possessed of real merit, escapes his atten- 
 tion. A merchant, he keeps up his stock of goods to meet the de- 
 mands of the trade; a dealer in agricultural implements, he makes 
 himself familiar with their work, and — having been raised on a 
 farm — he well knows the adaptability of each and every class of 
 agricultural machinery he handles to do the work for which it is 
 designed. More merchant or dealer than an agent, he selects the 
 best and keeps it in stock. Peter Herman, Jr., as his name indicates, 
 is of German origin ; was born on Twelve Mile Prairie, about four 
 miles south of Freeburg, July 24, 1848, where his father yet lives 
 on an extensive and beautiful farm. His advantages for acquiring 
 an education in his earlier youth were meagre, being such as a win- 
 ter sesssion of the public schools afforded. His summers were 
 passed in farm labor. In early manhood his father sent him to the 
 State Normal University, at Normal, Illinois, where he fitted him- 
 self for the profession of teaching, which he followed for five years. 
 As a teacher he succeeded, as his retention so long in the same lo- 
 cality attests. Mercantile business had for him its attractions, and 
 in 1676 he entered into a co-partnership with Jacob Etling in gene- 
 ral merchandize in Freeburg. The same year he visited the Cen- 
 tennial Exposition at Philadelphia, and returned amazed at the 
 grandeur of his country. He has travelled quite extensively in this 
 country, having visited twenty-eight States and several territories 
 of this Union. His travels have greatly aided his judgment of men, 
 besides, rendering him familiar with his native land. He was 
 united in the bonds of matrimony January 2 1 , 1874, to Margaret 
 Reinheimer, a daughter of Frederick Reinheimer, an old settler and 
 retired farmer, of this county, by whom he has one child, Frederick 
 William Herman, born October 13, 1875. In the year 1880 he 
 bought out his partner's interest in the mercantile business, and has 
 since managed it alone. His specialty is dealing in agricultural 
 implements, which he keeps in great variety. By his business tact 
 and straightforward course he has established himself in this particu- 
 lar branch of trade, and customers rely upon his recommendation 
 of any machinery he offers in the market. After convincing him- 
 self by observation that it was the best he commenced the sale 
 of Osborne's harvesting machines, and now has the great satisfaction 
 of knowing that farmers who have bought of him have realized all 
 he promised in their behalf. In his establishment may be found 
 such standard implements as Buford plows, and, in behalf of the 
 ladies, sewing machines, in stock, in variety to suit. In short, Mr. 
 Herman knows the demands of his home market and spares no 
 pains to meet them. In behalf of every undertaking calculated to 
 benefit his vicinity he enters with the same energy and zeal that 
 characterizes him in the prosecution of his own business ; hence, 
 all good public enterprises find in him a friend. In his political 
 
280 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 faith he is an unswerving democrat, although his participation in 
 politics is confined to voting and giving private counsel. He is 
 known as a man of generous impulses ; has made a successful mer- 
 chant, and is a good representative of the progressive and enterpris- 
 ing men of this county who are of German parentage, and who re- 
 tain the same frugal, industrious habits of that nationality. 
 
 JOSEPH P. SMITH. 
 
 The gentleman whose name heads this biography first saw the light 
 of day near Georgetown, March 3d, 1841. His grandfather, John 
 Smith, was a native of Lincoln]county, Maine. He brought his fami- 
 ly west to Ohio in 1816, and in 1818 moved them to|t{iis county and 
 settled in the vicinity of Georgetown. The land, then unimproved, 
 he cultivated, and made a farm, and remained there umtil his 
 death. He married in Maine, and had five sons. Benjamin J. 
 Smith is the only surviving son, and Sarah, wife of W. W. John- 
 son, is the only surviving daughter of that marriaige. Kobert J., 
 the father of Joseph P., was born in Lincoln county, Maine, Nov. 
 27th, 1814, and was but four years of age when the family came to 
 Illinois. He grew to manhood here, and remained a citizen of the 
 county until his death, which occurred March 21st, 1866. On the 
 16th of January, 1840, he married Mary McCulley. She was 
 born in St. Clair county, Oct. 22d, 1820, and died Aug. 7th, 1878. 
 Her parents were natives of Virginia, and were also among the 
 early settlers of the state. 
 
 By this marriage there were six children, viz., the subject of this 
 sketch, John J., Kussell B., Sarah C, Clarinda J. and Mary E. 
 All are living except John J., who died Dec. 26th, 1876. He 
 married Sarah Eittenhouse, and left four children. Eussell B. 
 married Margaret E McGuire, and have four children. He is a 
 farmer, and resident of Franklin county. Ills. Sarah C. is the 
 wife of George R. Tate, a farmer of St. Clair county, and have 
 five children, one son and four daughters. Clarinda J. is the wife 
 of T. O. Holcomb, a merchant of Oakley, Macon county. Ills. 
 They have two sous and one daughter. Mary E. is unmarried, and 
 a resident with Mr. Holcomb. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is the oldest of the children. He was 
 raised upon the farm, and attended the public schools of his neigh- 
 borhood, and their received a good English education. In his youth 
 he was in ill health, and was physically unable to do hard work, and 
 therefore commenced at an early age to teach school. He taught 
 for nine winters successively. His health improving he abandoned 
 teaching and resumed farming. He remained at home until 1869, 
 when he removed to a farm near Freeburg, in this county, and 
 commenced farming on shares. In 1873 he purchased the farm 
 on which he now lives, and has made that his home to the present. 
 On the 9th of September, 1869, he married Miss Ellen E. Adams. 
 She was born near Freeburg, St. Clair county, and there died Nov. 
 1, 1873. There was one child by this marriage, that died in in- 
 fancy. On the 4th of January, 1876, he married Miss Ruth M. 
 Chesney, his present wife. She was born in St. Clair county, Oct. 
 14, 1856. By this union there were three children. The eldest, 
 Delphia Eloise, was born September 28, 1876, and died August 17, 
 1877. Glenn RoUin, born April 9, 1878, and Vinta Blanche^ 
 the youngest, was born April 12, 1880. Mr. Smith is one of the 
 substantial farmers and good citizens of St. Clair county. 
 
 CHARLES BECKER 
 
 Was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, June 27th, 1848. His 
 father was a teacher, and what is remarkable to those in this coun- 
 
 try, where teachers are drifting here and there, is the fact that he 
 occupied the same room for fortj'-eight years, teaching the boys 
 of more than half a century ago, in turn their sohs, and yet again 
 their son's sons. The subject of this sketch visited the Gymnasium 
 from the age of twelve to nineteen, where he studied Latin, Greek, 
 French and Mathematics. In 1873 he came to America, landing 
 in New York city. May 10th, of that year; thence to Beaucoup, 
 Washington county, Illinois, where he visited friends ; thence to 
 Freeburg, where he became Principal of the Catholic school, a situ- 
 ation for which his European training had eminently fitted hira, 
 and which he held from October 1st, 1873, until February, 1880, 
 when he became Clerk in Reichert's mills, a position he yet holds. 
 Mr. Becker was married to Catharine Eeichert, an accomplished 
 daughter of Joseph Reichert, in May 1875 ; Rev. A. Wirtschoreck 
 officiating. By this union there have been born three children. 
 In 1880 Mr. Becker met with an accident, whilst in attendance 
 upon the Millers' International Exhibition at Cincinnati, which 
 once bade fair to terminate fatally. Whilst looking for friends he 
 had occasion to pass by the engine, which he did just at the mo- 
 ment when an elbow of cast iron, a part of the main pipe, bursted. 
 Flying fragments injured him severely. He was taken up for 
 dead, carried to the Hospital, where he lay quite helpless for four 
 weeks, when he was brought home. He is Director of the Free- 
 burg Saengerbund ; a young man of great energy and promise. 
 
 FREDERICK KOEBERLIN, M. D. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was bom in the village of Grsenen- 
 bacft, Bavaria, Germany, June 21st, 1831. His father was a 
 Lutheran minister. He acquired the rudiments of an education in 
 the common schools of Germany, which he attended until the age 
 of eleven years, when he was sent to the Gymnasium. At the age 
 of 21, he entered the Univerty of Munich, where he obtained a 
 classical education. He came to America in 1854, landed at New 
 York, and first made his way to a brother in Pennsylvania, a 
 Lutheran minister, thence to St. Louis, Mo., where he attended 
 Pope's Medical college, and graduated in 1858. After gra- 
 duating he located in Freeburg, and entered upon the practice of 
 his profession, in which he has met deserved success. He was mar- 
 ried to Rosa Ochs, a daughter of one of the early German settlers, 
 of St. Clair county, October 15, 1860. He has by this union four 
 children living. In politics the doctor is an ardent, unswerving 
 republican. He has served his fellow citizens several years as Pre- 
 sident of the Board of Trustees of the village of Freeburg, and has 
 been a moving spirit in all public enterprises, notably the Singing 
 and Literary Association, of which he is now president. The doctor 
 takes great pride in literature and in his profession. In his library 
 are some rare works, which are his delight. In society he is af- 
 fable, and courteous, hence has hosts of friends. Professionally he 
 is careful, zealous,- and ever vigilant in answering the calls of duty. 
 
 PETER HERMANN, Sr. 
 
 Peter Hermann, Sr., was born in Meiningen, a village in 
 Saxony, Germany, August 1st, 1820. His father, Nicholas Her- 
 mann, was the owner of a water power mill at that place, which he 
 ran for many years. Peter attended school from the age of seven 
 to fourteen, then worked with his father in the mill until he was 
 eighteen, when he was allowed the privilege of six months' travel 
 before reporting for muster duty, which he had to do under the 
 

 ^ H EAT Fahm(320 aches) & RESIDENCE or JOHN LORTZ, Survey 386. T.2,RZFAYETTEviLLEPHECiNCTSj.CLAtRCojLL. 
 
 Farm Residenceof PETER HERMANN,SecJ8, IE, S.R7,W.(FArETTEviLLEPf^EciNCT)ST.CLAm Co., III. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 281 
 
 laws of Germany. He concluded to come to America. Once here 
 he neglected to return to his native land, for which his father had 
 a penalty to pay, or hire a substitute for muster service which he 
 did at a cost of about-$250. In 1843 his father followed him 'to 
 this country. Peter, whilst traveling from New York westward, got 
 out of funds at Pittsburg, Penn'a, and worked on a canal, wheeling 
 a wheelbarrow for four months. With the start thus gained he 
 went to St. Louis, Mo , thence to Randolph county. 111., where he 
 had friends, who had written to him while yet in Germany. 
 These letters induced him to come to America. Here he 
 worked as a farm hand to gain a living for some time, when he went 
 to Belleville, where he learned the turner's trade, remaining with 
 his employer a year and ten months. His father reached Belleville 
 in 1843, and at once bought 552 acres of land on Twelve Mile 
 Prairie, where Peter still lives. Here it waa his parents died and 
 
 are buried. His father died August 14, 1844, and his mother 
 November 17, 1860 Peter Hermann was married to Elizabeth 
 Lortz, March 13, 1844. By this union they have twelve children, 
 eleven of whom are living. The following is a list of their names, 
 with dates of their births : Ph. Hermann, December 22, 1844 ; 
 Christina B., October 24, 1846 ; Peter, July 24, 1848; Catharine 
 A., November 17, 1850; Anna E., February 14, 1853; Edward N., 
 November 13, 1854 ; Louis, February 2, 1856 ; Emma Mary, Feb- 
 ruary 10, 1859 ; Julia C, November 10, 1861 ; Frederick W., Sep- 
 tember 12, 1863; and Louisa Lenora, December 7, 1865. Politi- 
 cally Mr. Hermann is a liberal democrat; he does not believe in draw- 
 ing party lines too tight in local affairs. He is a member of the Lu- 
 theran church. His wife, a most estimable woman, died December 14, 
 1876. Mr. Hermann has been fortunate in the acquisition of pro- 
 perty, and is a liberal, and respectable citizen. 
 
 O'FALLON PRECIIsrCT. 
 
 I HE greater part of this precinct includes what 
 has been known, from the earliest settlement, 
 as Ridge Prairie. It is high rolling land, 
 with a sufficient amount of timber and water 
 to make it desirable for agricultural pursuits ; 
 and it early attracted the pioneer within its 
 borders. It is irregular in form, and contains 
 forty sections, or about 25,600 acres of rich 
 productive land, nearly all of which is sus- 
 ceptible of cultivation. Situated in the northern part of the 
 county, it is bounded as follows: On the north by Madison 
 county, on the east by Lebanon, on the south by Shiloh and 
 Lebanon, and on the west by French Village and Caseyville. 
 The Ohio and Mississippi railroad enters the precinct on section 
 22, T. 2 N., R. 8 W., and traversing an eastern direction, it passes 
 out on section 28, T 2 N., R. 7 W. There is also a short road, 
 from O'Fallon to Belleville, which is a great convenience to 
 shippers. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 As near as we can determine at this writing, the first settlement, 
 in what constitutes O'Fallon precinct, was made by the Ogle 
 family in 1802. 
 
 Captain Joseph Ogle, of English ancestry, was born in Virginia 
 in 1744. He served in the Revolutionary war, where he was com- 
 missioned captain by Governor Patrick Henry, in June, 1777, and 
 commanded a company of Virginia troops. He was married in 
 Virginia to Drusilla Biggs, and had five children, viz. : Nancy, 
 Catherine, Prudence, Benjamin and Joseph. After the death of 
 "his first wife, he married Jemima Meiggs, by whom he had four 
 children— Drusilla, Polly, Jacob and Jemima, all born in Vir- 
 36 
 
 ginia. In 1785 he brought his family to Illinois, and first settled 
 in what is now Monroe county, from whence, in 1802, he moved to 
 Ridge Prairie, and located two miles west of the present village of 
 O'Fallon. He was engaged in several Indian fights in this state. 
 At one time he (and six other white men) attacked a party of nine 
 Indians, who were on the war path, and killed seven of their 
 number, only one white man being wounded. This occurred in 
 Monroe county. He was a zealous member of the Methodist 
 church. Though a man of but little book learning, he possessed a 
 large practical knowledge, and was a brave and skillful leader in 
 early Illinois. He owned several slaves when he came to Illinois, 
 and liberated them. The Captain died on his farm Feb., 1821. 
 
 His son, Joseph Ogle, was born June 11, 1777, and came with 
 his parents to this state. Married Lucinda Pulliam, July 12, 
 1804, soon after he located in this precinct. He had no chil- 
 dren. Was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. He was a 
 good farmer, and a man of considerable information and influence. 
 Died at his residence, September 14, 1846, aged sixty-nine years. 
 His wife, the daughter of John and Margaret Pulliam, came 
 from near Richmond, Va., and settled in Illinois in 1795, was a 
 devoted wife and Christian — a member of the Methodist church. 
 She died at their farm near O'Fallon, January 15, 1862, seventy- 
 eight years of age. 
 
 Jacob Ogle, son of Captain Ogle, also came with his parents to 
 Illinois in 1785, and married Elizabeth Teter, and settled about 
 two miles west of O'Fallon at an early date. He was a member 
 of the Methodist church, a Justice of the Peace for many years, 
 and a man of considerable knowledge, and very popular in the 
 community. His principal occupation was that of a farmer, in 
 which he acquired a good competence. In company with Rev. 
 
282 
 
 EISTOEY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 James Lemen, he built and operated a -water-mill on Ogle's creek, 
 three miles north of O Fallon. This was a rude afiair, and an in- 
 sufficiency of water prevented much success in this enterprise. 
 Mr. Ogle built a horse-mill on his place, with which he ground 
 most of the flour for the settlement for several years. He was an 
 enterprising and valuable man in his day, and much esteemed by 
 all who knew him. He died at his residence. Two of his sons, 
 George and Jacob Ogle, farmers, now living near O'Fallon, are 
 among the esteemed and useful citizens of the county. 
 
 Some of the daughters of Capt. Joseph Ogle were married in 
 Virginia, and the others who came to Illinois with him were mar- 
 ried here. Nancy married L. Rutherford, in Virginia, and came to 
 this state with her husband and the Ogle family in 1785. She 
 died without issue. Catharine became the wife of Rev. James 
 Lemen, Sr., in Virginia, and emigrated to Illinois, in 1786, and 
 reared a large family. Prudence married Peter Casterliue, in Illi- 
 nois ; Drufeilla married William Porter, in this state, and raised a 
 family ; Polly, the wife of Gen. James Moore, married in this state, 
 but left no children ; Jemima married Charles Matheny, who was 
 an early resident of St. Clair county, and a pioneer Methodist min- 
 ister in Illinois. She died in Springfield, Illinois, in 1858. Her 
 husband moved to Springfield at an early day, where he filled some 
 responsible positions, and died, much respected, before reaching a 
 very old age. His son, James Matheny, of Springfield, who by mar- 
 riage is related to Abraham Lincoln, is a prominent and able 
 attorney-at-law. All of Mr. Ogle's daughters were members of the 
 Methodist church. 
 
 Rev. David Badgley, a pioneer Baptist minister, was born in 
 New Jersey in 1786, came in company with his brother, Anthony 
 Badgley, to Illinois in 1796, and settled at New Design. In the 
 spring of 1804 they settled in St. Clair county. Rev. David 
 Badgley located on a three hundred acre " head right," occupying 
 a part of Sec. 3, Tp. 1 N., R. 8 W., just south of the southern line 
 of this precinct. With the assistance of Rev. Joseph Chance, he 
 organized the first Protestant church in the territory of Illinois. He 
 aided in forming a number of churches in the West, and died De- 
 cember 16, 1824. His descendants are numerous in this county. 
 His children were — David, Ichabod, Job, Abraham, Rachel, Mary 
 and Elizabeth, all of whom left large families. His brother An- 
 thony settled on Sec. 34, Tp. 2 N., R. 8 AV. in this precinct. He 
 had a family of eight children when he came here, viz. : Hiram, 
 Butler, Diademia, who married David Aikman ; Nancy married 
 Joseph Beer, an old settler ; Elizabeth became the wife of Thomas 
 Beer, a brother of Joseph Beer. He moved to Iowa in ,1830. 
 Adelina married William Abbott. These are dead, but all left 
 descendants, many of whom are residing in this county. Eliza, re- 
 sides with her husband, G W. Dixon, on Sec. 33, Tp. 2 N., R. 8 
 W. They have in their possession a powder-horn carried by An- 
 thony Badgley, the father of Rev. David and Anthony Badgley, 
 in the Revolutionary war. It has been in the family more than 
 a hundred years, and is greatly prized by them. Simeon, the only 
 son of Anthony Badgley now living, was born in this county iu 
 1805, and resides on the old homestead. He is possessed of a good 
 memory, and delights in telling stories of the olden times. Having 
 seen this country develop from a wilderness into one of the wealthiest 
 and most influential states in the Union, he is naturally well-informed 
 on its history, and has materially aided us iu the preparation of this 
 work. 
 
 The first settlements in what is now O'Fallon precinct were 
 known as the Ogle settlement, the Badgley settlement and the 
 Lemen settlement. 
 
 The Lemeus are as prominent and well known to the citizens of 
 
 St. Clair county as any family that ever settled within its borders. 
 Rev. James Lemen, Sr., who emigrated from Virginia to Illinois in 
 1786, settled and always resided in Monroe county, where he died. 
 An extended sketch of his life is given in the Baptist Church His- 
 tory in this volume. His three eldest sons, Robert, Joseph and 
 James, who settled here at an early day, were the founders of the 
 Lemen families now residing in St. Clair county. 
 
 Robert Lemen, the eldest son, was born in Berkeley county, Vir- 
 ginia, September 25, 1783, and was brought with his parents to this 
 state in 1786. He came near being drowned the second night after 
 leaving Wheeling by flat-boat, down the Ohio river. Having tied 
 up for the night, the water fell, and the boat being tipped by a 
 stump, they lost most of their provisions and chattels. He was 
 saved by a floating bed-tick upon which he was sleeping. The loss 
 of nearly all their goods caused much inconvenience, but they pur- 
 sued their journey regardless of the hardships and dangers incident 
 to emigration in that early day, and landed at Kaskaskia July 10, 
 1786. They remained here a short time and moved to New Design, 
 where they were among the first American settlers. Here Robert 
 grew to manhood and married Hester Tolin, in 1805, and the same 
 year moved and settled on Sec. 1, Tp. 2 N., R. 8 W-, where he re- 
 sided until his death, August 24, 1860, aged seventy-seven years. 
 He lived in the genuine pioneer days, and experienced the trials 
 and privations of a pioneer life. He was a man possessed of an 
 undaunted will, honest, active hands, clear judgment, an unceasing 
 energy, and was regarded as a good citizen and firm Christian. 
 His principal occupation was that of farming, though for many 
 years he was a justice of the peace, and under the administration 
 of John Quincy Adams, was appointed U. S. Marshal of Illinois; 
 was a faithful officer and deservedly popular. He united with the 
 Baptist church in early life, and was clerk of the Richland Baptist 
 church for some time. When the Bethel Church, of which he was 
 a constituent member, was organized in 1809, he was made Clerk, 
 and served until 1845. He and his estimable wife were buried side 
 by side in the Bethel cemetery. They had a family of fifteen chil- 
 dren, only three of whom are now living, viz : — Gideon, Hester 
 Bowler, and Emma Beedle. Gideon Lemen is a successful farmer, 
 and resides just over the line, in Madison county, three miles south- 
 east of Collinsville. Hester is the widow of B. F. Bowler, and lives 
 near Alma. Emma is the wife of Joseph Beedle, a farmer, in 
 Christian county, Illinois. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Lemen, son of Rev. James Lemen, Sen., was born 
 in Berkeley county, Va., September 8th, 1785, and came with his 
 father to this state, and grew up under the parental roof at New 
 Design. He received a liberal education, for that early period. 
 He united with the Baptist church in early life, and subsequently 
 became a minister oi that faith. Was married to Mary Kinney, 
 and settled at an early period on section one, T. 2, R. 8 W., in this 
 precinct, where he purchased and made a fine farm. He had a 
 family of foarteaa ciildrjii, all of whom, that reached maturity, 
 became members of the Baptist church. Rev. Joseph Lemen was 
 a devoted and active minister of the gospel. He preached for nearly 
 a half century, and his field of labor extended from Iowa to Ken- 
 tucky. In this long career he organized many churches, and won 
 thousands to the cause of Christ. He was an able and vigorous 
 pioneer-preacher, and did much to advance the cause of religion in 
 Illinois. His death occurred at his residence, June 29th, 1861, 
 aged nearly 76 years, and his well-worn frame was interred in the 
 family cemetery, near their residence. A few years later his faith- 
 ful and loving wife, Polly K. Lemen, was laid beside him. 
 
 Six of their children are yet living. James resides in Bond 
 county, Illinois ; Joseph, who was a captain in the Mexican war. 
 
HI8T0R YOF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 253 
 
 and a Major in the late rebellion, is living at Odin, Illinois ; Isaac 
 W., in this precinct; Eobert, in Collinsville ; "William, residlDg in 
 this precinct, and Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Leslie, resides in 
 Kansas. 
 
 Rev. James Lemen, son of Rev. James Lemen, Sen., was born at 
 New Design, October 8th, 1787, and it is related from good au- 
 thority, that he was the second white child born of American pa- 
 rents in the territory of Illinois ; Enoch Moore, being the first. He 
 grew to manhood on a farm, a portion of the time, being applied to 
 study under the instruction of Rev. John Clark, who was a liberal 
 scholar. Mathematics and the higher sciences, including a course 
 in theology, composed the curriculum. He professed religion in 
 early life, and was ordained a Baptist minister about the time he 
 arrived at manhood. He was the first ordained native preacher in 
 Illinois. December 8th, 1813, he married Mary Pulliam, and the 
 same year settled on section one, T. 2 N., R. 8 W., in this precinct. 
 They had a family of eleven children born to them. For a little 
 more than half a century he devoted himself to the ministry, and 
 during that time he and his brother, Rev. Joseph Lemen, supplied 
 Bethel church with pastoral services. He also traveled considera- 
 bly, and organized several early churches in the west, and assisted 
 in ordaining his father, and many others as ministers. He was a 
 very liberal man, and besides gratuitous labor for the church, he 
 gave of his own means fifty dollars annually, to religious and char- 
 itable purposes. Rev. James Lemen occupied several public 
 positions, with honor to himself and satisfaction to the people. He 
 was a member of the legislature under the territorial government 
 when it met at Kaskaskia, and in the state legislature when the 
 seat of government was at Vandalia, and state senator for two 
 terms after the capital was removed to Springfield. He also served 
 as a member of the constitutional convention, which framed the 
 state constitution of 1818 ; and at a later day was chosen by 
 informal ballot for United States Senator, but declined. In poli- 
 tics he was a Whig. As it was his desire to devote his time largely 
 to the ministry, he finally withdrew from polities. He accumu- 
 lated a fine property, on Ridge Prairie, where he died February 
 8th, 1870, aged 82 years, and was buried in Bethel cemetery, where 
 £ve years later his wife, Mary, was laid by his side. Of his chil- 
 dren now living are James Lemen and Mary Stebbins, residing at 
 Hastings, Minn., Robert, at Cairo, 111., and Joseph B., on the old 
 homestead in this precinct. 
 
 John Porter, a native of Ireland, came to Illinois late in the 
 last century, and first settled at Cahokia. He afterwards located 
 in the Ogle settlement, where he resided until death. William, 
 David, Andrew and John were sons of his, and left a large pos- 
 terity. He also had daughters, who married and had families. 
 Dr. Joseph Oglesby was a Methodist preacher, and settled near 
 the Badgleys in 1805. He was a man of vigorous mind, and a 
 successful laborer in the cause. He subsequently moved to In- 
 diana. Rev. Charles R. Matheny, who married a daughter of 
 Captain Joseph Ogle, settled near his father-in-law in 1806. He 
 was also a Methodist minister, a lawyer and politician. He moved 
 to Springfield, and was appointed clerk of Sangamon county. Rev. 
 Matheny was a faithful and devout Christian, and died at Spring- 
 field several years ago. Henry Mace was another prominent and 
 well-known pioneer. He was born in Shanandoah Valley, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1776, and came at a very early date to Illinois, and 
 located at Kaskaskia. He was a tailor, and followed his trade in 
 that place. He married Drucilla Andrews, a daughter of James 
 Andrews, who, with all his family, except Drucilla, were killed by 
 the Indians. She was taken captive, and remained with them for 
 over two years, when she was ransomed by the French at Kaskas- 
 
 kia. By this union there was one child, Elizabeth. She 
 was married to James Tolly. After the death of his first wife, 
 he was again married and had nine children, seven of whom 
 grew to maturity. They are as follows: Susan, who married 
 William Hilt, a patriot of the war of 1812, and an old settler 
 in the county ; James, John ; Catherine married John Stites ; 
 Sarah, the wife of Andrew Umbarger ; Lucy, who became the wife 
 of George Hart ; Christena, the widow of J. B. Needles, a soldier 
 of the Black Hawk war. Susan, Catherine, Sarah and Christena 
 are all of this family now living, but they were all married and 
 have left descendants. 
 
 Mr. Mace was also a soldier in the war of 1812. He lived for a 
 time at Whiteside's Station, in Monroe county, and settled as early 
 as 1810 in this precinct, on section 19, T. 2 N. R. 7 W., where he 
 resided until a few years before his death. He died in O'Fallon. 
 The Simpson family were also very early settlers. Rev. John 
 Simpson was born near London, England, where he grew to man- 
 hood, and married Nancy Ann Ryder. He was educated a Baptist 
 minister, and came as a missionary to America in 1780, and settled 
 in Kentucky. At a later period he moved, and located in Monroe 
 county, Illinois, where he engaged in the ministry. He reared a 
 family, some of whom became residents of St. Clair county. Mrs. 
 Nancy Hogan, who resided near Bethel church in this precinct, 
 was a daughter of Rev. John Simpson. She was twice married. 
 The first time to John Best, an old settler in the county. After 
 his death she became the wife of Patrick Hogan, and raised a 
 family. She died a few years ago at her residence, where she had 
 lived for more than half a century. Rev. Gideon Simpson, a son 
 of Rev. John Simpson, settled about three miles north of Alma, at 
 a very early date, and raised a large family. He was a Baptist 
 minister, and served as captain in the Black Hawk war. Rev. 
 Joseph Chance, another Baptist minister, settled in th^ northern 
 part of the precinct in 1807. He was born in Delaware in 1765. 
 He married Jemima Morris and moved to Kentucky, where he 
 professed religion and began preaching. He moved his family to 
 Illinois, and located at New Design, in 1794, and then he came 
 to this county. He raised a large family. 
 
 William Penn was another early settler in the vicinity of the 
 village of O'Fallon. Some of his descendants are living, at this 
 writing, in the county. David Sparks, David McFarland and Isaac 
 Forman were also early settlers. Samuel Redman located on sec- 
 tion 35 of T. 2 N. R. 8 W., where he resided until his death, and 
 left a large posterity. Abraham Clark, who served in the war of 
 1812, settled the William Forquer place, very early. He after- 
 wards removed to New Design. Samuel Dorris and Samuel Caru- 
 thers came in 1811. John Hendricks located in the south-western 
 corner of T. 2-8 in 1812. The Stites family were early settlers in 
 the vicinity of Alma. 
 
 About 1811, the settlers erected a block house for protection 
 against the Indians, near the present site of Alma. Although there 
 were frequent alarms in this section, the Indians never committed 
 any serious depredations. 
 
 The first settlers in this precinct were a noble class of pioneers, 
 and their families have always been among the honored and most 
 respected citizens in this part of the state. The Ogles, the Bad- 
 gleys, the Lemens and many others, brought with them the cheer- 
 ing ceremonies of a pure religion, and with prayer and religious 
 worship they laid the foundation in the fear of God. The privations 
 and hardships of pioneer life are fully detailed in the chapter on old 
 settlers in the first part of this work. 
 
 We give below the names of these who entered land in this pre- 
 cinct in 1814, as taken from the county records. In T. 2 N., R. 7 
 
284 
 
 mSTOBY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 "W., they are as follows : James Lemen, Jr., S. E. \ sec. 7, 160 acres, 
 Dec. 3 ; Daniel White, S. i, sec. 8, 320 acres, Dec 3 ; Charles R. 
 Matheny, 250.87 acres in sec. 19, Sept. 30 ; Henry Mace, S. E. i 
 sec. 19, 1 BO acres, Dec. 21; Joseph Dixon, S. E. i, sec. 31, 160 
 acres, Sept. 16 ; Joseph Ogle, S. i, sec. 18, 263.74 acres, March 7. 
 In T. 2 N., R. 8 W— Robert Lemen, 441.63 acres in sec. 1, Aug. 
 12; William Phillips, S. E i, sec 1, 160 acres, Sept. 29; Samuel 
 Kinney, N. E J, sec. 11, 127 acres, Aug, 28 ; J. Enochs and J. 
 Waddle, S. E. J, sec. 11, 160 acres, Sept. 29 ; Jacob Ogle, N. E. 
 k, sec. 12, 160 acres, Sept. 29; Joseph Chance, 160 acres, 
 Aug. 2; George Dixon, S. W. i, sec. 22, 160 acres, Aug. 13 ; 
 Charles R. Matheny, N. E. i, sec. 25, 158.38 acres, Sept. 30 ; 
 Jofchua Oglesby, S E. J, sec. 58, 149 acres, Sept. 13; John Mes- 
 singer, N. W. J, sec. 29, 160 acres, Dec. 24 ; David Badgley, N. 
 E, i, sec. 34, 160 acres, Sept. 10 ; Anthony Badgley, S. W. \, sec. 
 34, 160 acres, Aug. 13 ; Samuel Redman, S. i, sec. 35, 320 acres, 
 Sept. 16. 
 
 Among some of the settlers of a later date may be, mentioned 
 Merlin Jones, Sen, He settled on a farm two and a half miles 
 south-west from Bethel church. He ^as an active member of the 
 Baptist church, a man of liberal education, and became quite a 
 prominent citizen. H e subsequently removed to Washington county, 
 where he died in 1868. iJenjamin and Harrison Scott, brothers, 
 and John and Paul Kingston, settled very early, just south of the 
 present site of OTallon. They all left descendants here. The Be- 
 gole family, residing in this vicinity, are descendants of Josiah Be- 
 gole. He was born of Huguenot parents in Washington county, 
 Maryland, March 25, 1792. In the the year 1805, he emigrated 
 with his father to the state of New York, where he resided until 
 the spring of 1819. In 1820, he came, via Detroit, Cincinnati, and 
 the Ohio river, to this state, and from that year until his death he 
 was a resident of St. Clair county. He died March 2, 1874. He 
 was married March 2, 1824, to Mary Terry. The ceremony was 
 performed by Rev. John M. Peck. Thus the day he would 
 have celebrated as his golden wedding was the day he died. He 
 lift a widow and nine children, six sons and three daughters. 
 When he crossed the Ohio river into Illinois, he paid the last piece 
 of money in his possession, a shilling, to ferry him across, but by 
 industry and energy he became independent, gave all his children 
 a good education, and settled them comfortably around him. Isaac 
 Nearen, an old pioneer and soldier of 1812, was born in Maryland, 
 and came to this state about the year 1800. He first resided in 
 Monroe county, for a short time, and then became a resident of 
 Turkey Hill. About 1807, he removed to Ridge Prairie, where he 
 remained until about 1840, when he removed with his family, all 
 but James, to Iowa. James Nearen is in his 77th year, and 
 resides on section 11, T. 2, N.j R. 8 W. His wife, Nicene Gaskill, 
 is a daughter of Jonathan Gaskill, a native of Vermont, who settled 
 about seven miles south of Lebanon in 1810. They had three 
 children, married and settled around them. George Pousch, a 
 prominent early German settler in this precinct, is residing on sec- 
 tion 11, He has raised a good-sized family, all of whom have 
 settled around him. 
 
 Among the prominent and successful settlers of a later date may 
 be mentioned Peter Bowler, who with his wife and family settled 
 four miles north and one mile east of Q'Fallon. He was an active 
 member of the Baptist church, and it was largely owing to his ef- 
 forts that the Bethel church, in that day a costly one, was erected. 
 He was an industrious and enterprising farmer, and an influential 
 member in society. He died at a ripe old age on his farm on Ridge 
 Prairie, esteemed by all who knew him. His wife, who was a de- 
 voted Christian woman, died a few years previously at the family 
 
 residence. They had four sons— Benjamin F., George W., Wil- 
 liam P., and John 0. F. Bowler. They all united with the Bap- 
 tist church, and were all farmers. Beujamin F. died at his resi- 
 dence, three miles north of Alma, in 1872, leaving a widow and se- 
 veral children, well provided for. George W. and family reside in 
 O'Fallon, where he is a Justice of the Peace, which office he has 
 faithfully filled for many years. The two brothers, John O. F., 
 and Wm. P. reside in Madison county. 
 
 We give a few names of the parties now living, who became 
 early residents, that are not mentioned above : S. S. Kirger, a 
 blacksmith in O'Fallon, came here in 1821 ; John Eckertj residing 
 on Sec. 32, is a native of Penna , and located here in 1839 ; W- S. 
 Scott, was born in this county in 1836, and resides on Sec. 36 ; G. 
 W. Darrow, born in the county in 1831 ; George W. Ogle, born 
 herein 1818, and his wife in 1828, reside on Sec. 30; William 
 Simmons, lives on Sec. 19, and was born in this county in 1834. 
 J. M. Ogle, on bee. 18, was born in the county in 1834 ; B. F. 
 Begole, was born here in 1828, and his brother who resides on Sec. 
 24, was born in 1825 ; Mary Smiley, widow of Matthew Smiley, is 
 a native of Ohio, and came here in 1830 ; A. J. Cooper, was born 
 in St. Clair in 1829, and resides on Sec. 1:3; Rebecca Forman, re- 
 siding on Sec. 22, is the widow of the late Isaac Forman, who came 
 here from Kentucky in 1820 — she became a resident of St. Clair 
 in 1818 ; Warren Beadle, residing on Sec. 22, is a native of Ohio, 
 and came here in 1818 ; Levi Piggott, a St. Louisian^by birth, came 
 to this county in 1836 ; Amos Stites, whose father was a very early 
 settler, was born here in 1830, and resides with his family on Sec. 
 33 ; Jackson Brake, of Greene county, Ohio, settled here in 1 818, 
 and resides on Sec. 33. His widow, Mary Oglesby, was born in 
 St. Clair county in 1817, and died in 1879; William J. Ritten- 
 house, also a native of the county, born in 1833, resides on Sec. 34 ; 
 Thomas P. Owings, was born in 18.30, and lives on Sec. 25. 
 
 Thus we have given a brief history of some of the earliest and 
 most prominent settlers. A full history of the churches and schools 
 may be found in their respective chapters. The pioneer chapter 
 fully details the trials and hardships of the early settlers, and much 
 other matter of general interest may be seen in it. The census of 
 1880 gives the precinct a population of 3042, including the 
 villages. 
 
 THE VILLAOE OF o'FALLON 
 
 received its name in honor of John O'Fallon, a prominent and 
 wealthy gentleman of St. L )uis, and at that time an officer of 
 the Ohio «& Mississippi Railroad company. It is located on the 
 W. i of Sec. 29 and the E i of Sec. 30, T. 2 N., R. 7 W., em- 
 bracing one mile square. The first improvements were made by 
 the O. & M. company, in 1854, and consisted of a depot and water 
 tank. The first sale of lots was made at public auction May •13th, 
 1854. There were but few disposed of in this way, and they were 
 divided among Frederick A. Carpenter, Hugo O. Sheerbanh, and 
 two or three others, Anderson llmbarger erected the first dwel- 
 ling, in the place, in the fall of 1855. It was a small frame build- 
 ing located on the corner of Main and Cherry streets, aud now 
 forms the front part of the neat residence still occupied by Mr. 
 Umbarger. The post-office was established the same year, and Mr. 
 Urabarger was the first post-master. He was also the agent for the 
 R. R. company. The second building was a residence and store 
 room, erected by Henry S. Gordon, of Randolph county, in the 
 fall of 1856. It was a frame structure, ihe main part about 18 x 
 30 feet, one story high, with an L, and kitchen in the rear. The 
 front room was used as a store in which he placed the first stock of 
 goods. Mr. Gordon soon sold out to his son-in law, S. Mace, who 
 
EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 285 
 
 ran the business. The next house, erected by Walter Westfield 
 in 1856, is still standing, where it was built, nearly opposite the 
 depot. William Peach built a residence, one block north of the 
 depot, in the same year. In 1857 Peach & Simmons erected the 
 next (fifth) building. It was constructed of brick, about 30 x 40 
 feet, two stories high, and stood on the lot where John Shinton's 
 saloon now stands. On the night of June 3d, 1863, it was destroy- 
 ed by fire, and Levi Simmons built another brick, which is still 
 standing. Peach & Simmons placed a complete stock of general 
 goods in it as soon as completed. John and Robert R. Salter 
 erected the store and residence now occupied by R. Kampmeyer, in 
 1867, in which they resided and kept store. 
 
 The next store was kept in the room of what is now Fischer's 
 saloon, by Herman J. Blanck, in the spring of 1859. The building 
 was erected the year before by Henry Stocker, for a hotel, and has 
 always been kept as a public house. Henry Stocker, Phillip 
 Schildknecht and John Distler, who located here in 1859, were the 
 first German residents of the village. 
 
 In July of that year Dr. Columbus Hixson, became the first 
 resident physician, and is still engaged ito practice here. In 1859 
 the following families were the only residents of the place : Ander- 
 son Umbarger, Wm. Peach, Mrs. C. Kolowlton, John Daily, John 
 Salter, Dr. C. Hixson, Henry Stocker, Phillip Schildknecht, Cor- 
 nelius Neville, Henry Farr, John Disler, C. Powell, Benjamin 
 Orcutt, Henry Mace, and G. W. Rawson. From this date the 
 village has grown gradually, and the population, as taken in 1880, 
 was 960. About two-thirds are Germans, and they control the 
 place. 
 
 Schools. — At the laying out of the village there was a small 
 frame, district school-house, within its limits, where the children 
 first attended school. The first school-building, erected in the vil- 
 lage, was in 1861, when the main part of the present house was 
 built. Since then an addition has been made to it. It is a brick 
 structure. There are also two German parochial schools, both well 
 attended. 
 
 Incorporation. — It was incorporated under the general law as a 
 village January 27, 1874, and the first election for oflBcers held 
 April 21, of the same year. The following were elected : Frank 
 Poigne^, President ; Charles Tiedemann, Daniel Schafer, Thomas 
 Mackin, John Feder, and John Powell, Trustees. The present 
 board are Ertst Tiedemann, President; Evan Davis, Thomas 
 Mackin, Joseph Landgraf, William Wittig, D. D. Gartside; Henry 
 A. Schildknecht, Clerk; Herman Obst, village Constable. The 
 Justices of the Peace are Philip Schildknecht, James Owens, and 
 G. W. Bowler. 
 
 Cliurches. — The village is supplied with four churches. The Bap- 
 tist church was organized in 1865, and their house of worship was 
 erected the same year. The Methodist church was built in 1866. 
 The Catholic in 1867, and the German Lutheran in 1879. They 
 are all neat and commodious edifices. 
 
 Lodges. — The Royal Templars of Temperance was organized in 
 February 1880. The Independent Order of Good Templers in 
 February, 1881. The O'Fallon Lodge, No. 576, A F. and A. M., 
 was chartered Oct. 6, 1868. Treu Bund, W. O. T. B., was organ- 
 ized May 6, 1871. The German Lodge No. 463, L O. O. F., or- 
 ganized in 1872. The Fallon Lodge No. 431, I. 0. O. F., was 
 chartered in 1869. St. Clair Lodge, K. of P. No. 40, chartered 
 in 1875. German Lodge, K. of H. No. 878, chartered February 4, 
 1878. They are all well attended, and have a good membership. 
 
 BUSINESS TRADE OF 1881. 
 
 The Richland Mills were erected in 1861, by Tiedemann & Raith, 
 and now owned and operated by Charles A. Tiedemann. The 
 
 building was then only a small one, with but two run of burrs. It 
 has since been enlarged to 65x75 feet, three stories high. The 
 building is brick. It contains eleven run of burrs, with a capacity 
 of 400 barrels per day. Mr. Tiedemann intends changing the mill 
 to the Roller process this spring, which will enable him to compete 
 with the best mills in the country. He also has in connection with 
 the mill an elevator with a capacity of 60,000 bushels storage. 
 The cooper-shop is 24x140 feet, frame. He employs in all about 
 forty men. The mill is connected with two railroads, and with 
 Belleville by telephone. 
 
 Brick Yards. — There are two of these in the village, which man- 
 ufacture a good article. They are operated by M. Wachter, and 
 Jacob Brewer. 
 
 Physicians.— G. Hixson, H. Bechthold, 0. C. Bates, D. C. Dunn, 
 Ed. Oatman, B. Krause, James McGeehan, 
 
 Dentist— K H. Mace. 
 
 General Stores. — B. W. Muelhausen, Ernst Tiedemann, Charles 
 Hofi'maun. 
 
 Grocery. — D. D. Gartside. 
 
 Drug Stores. — L. Hibbard, B. Krause. 
 
 Stoves, Tin-ware and Agricultural Implements. — Rudolph Kamp- 
 meyer. 
 
 Agricultural Implements and Hardware. — Richard Remelius. 
 
 Millinery. — Miss Annie Schneider. 
 
 Bakery and Confectionery.— YieA. Kunzmann, Jacob Hammer. 
 
 Furniture Store.— C Ruedlin. 
 
 Lumber Yard. — C Huelsman & Co. 
 
 Lime, Cement and Tile. — C. F. Fischer. 
 
 Blacksmith Shops.— Herman Gross, A. Bequeret, August Behrens, 
 S 8. Kirger, Christ. Jacobs. 
 
 Shoe Shops.— Christ Obst, P. Yungblut. 
 
 Harness Shops. — Henry Schildknecht, David McFarland. 
 
 Livery Stables. — John Gibson, Charles F. Fischer. 
 
 Wagon Shops. — Andrew Molles, John Bernum. 
 
 Butcher Shops. — John Hofimann, Reinhard Strub, Arnold Simon. 
 
 Hotels. — " O'Fallon House," Charles F. Fischer, proprietor. It 
 is a neat frame building, near the depot, and is well conducted. 
 "St. Clair House," Michael Bernhard, proprietor. "Farmer's 
 Home," C. Link, proprietor. 
 
 Saloons. — Charles F. Fischer, Tom Mackin, George Daumling, 
 George Poignee, Charles Link, Henry Ruester, Michael Wachter, 
 Jack Shinton, Levi Beaumont, Michael Bernhard, Joseph Land- 
 graf. 
 
 ALMA 
 
 Is a coalmining village, situated in section 25, T. 2 N., R. 8 W., on 
 the line of the O. & M. railroad,and contains about 100 houses belong- 
 ing to the Gartside Coal Company. The first shaft was sunk here by 
 the above company in 1851. They now have three shafts. The 
 average depth of the mines is a little over two hundred feet, and 
 the vein is full seven feet. The coal is of an excellent quality. 
 They employ in the operation of the mines about two hundred men. 
 The company have a machine shop, a blacksmith shop and a car- 
 penter's shop, and there is one general store, kept by Joseph Taylor, 
 which constitutes the business. Ridge Prairie post-office is also 
 located here. 
 
 forman's 
 
 Is a flag station on the 0. & M. railroad, only a short distance west 
 of Alma. 
 
 There are also two more coal mines in this precinct, east of 
 O'Fallon, the Van Court mine, and the Nicholas mine. The former 
 was sunk in 1863 by Sharp and Thompson. It is now owned by B. 
 J. Van Court, and operated by Savitz Brothers, of St. Louis. The 
 mine is 207 feet deep, with a seven foot vein. The Nicholas mine 
 was sunk about 1870, by Nicholas and McCoy. It is now owned 
 and operated by Joseph Morris. The shaft is 212 feet deep, and 
 the vein the same thickness of the above. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 r-^w^i^^sfl/Wf- 
 
 JOSEPH B. LEMEIf. 
 
 Joseph B. Lemen, sixth son and tenth child of Rev. James 
 Lemen and Mary nee PuUiam, was born at the residence of his 
 "parents in St. Clair county, Illinois, August 6th, 1836. His father's 
 parents, Rev. James Lemen, Sen., and Catharine nee Ogle, in 1786 
 moved from Berkeley county Virginia, and settled in Illinois- They 
 ■were among the first settlers at New Design, Monroe county. Catha- 
 rine Lemen was a daughter of Captain Joseph Ogle, who, with his 
 •wife and some members of his family, had moved from Virginia to 
 Illinois in 1785. Mr. Lemen and Mr. Ogle were both soldiers 
 under Washington in the war for Independence. Joseph B. Le- 
 men's mother was a daughter of John Pulliam and Margaret nee 
 Stockton. They moved from near Richmond, Virginia, aad settled 
 in Illinois in 1795. 
 
 The subject of this sketch grew up to the occupation of farming ; 
 and received a common school education, and studied some of the 
 higher branches when a boy. He taught school at eighteen years 
 of age ; and afterward attended school at Shurtleff College, where 
 he graduated in June, 1857. During the vacation following his 
 first year at College he completed the studies included in the next 
 year's course of study, and, after examination by the faculty, was 
 promoted accordingly. While at Shurtlefi" College he assisted to 
 organize one of the present literary societies of that school ; it was 
 called the Philomathean Society at its organization. After com- 
 pleting his course at College he studied medicine, but only with the 
 view to his own instruction, and not with a design to practice that 
 profession. He also completed a course in the law with the view 
 to practice that profession ; but circumstances eventually prevented 
 him from pursuing the profession of his choice. 
 
 When the war for the Union began, he enlisted some two hun- 
 dred soldiers, and purposed to enter the service himself, but his 
 aged and afflicted parents, whose care fortune or Providence 
 seemed to have devolved upon him in an especial manner, were 
 objects of affection which made it difficult for a dutiful child 
 to choose between duty to aged and infirm parents, and devotion to 
 the demands of the country and flag. From this cause Mr. Lemen 
 did not enlist in the service. He was, however, the soldiers' friend ; 
 and on several occasions when young men, who wished to enlist in 
 the army, but were owing small debts which they did not wish 
 to leave unpaid, he settle! these debts out of his own funds, and 
 never demanded any remuneration from these defenders of the old 
 flag. This outlay amounted to several hundred dollars ; and in 
 various ways, in contributions to our soldiers' needs, in the way of 
 sending them special articles of food and comfort, he always gave 
 .freely. 
 
 286 
 
 The same causes which prevented Mr. Lemen from entering the 
 army during the war — namely, the care of his aged and infirm 
 parents — were also those which prevented him from practicing the 
 profession of the law, after he had qualified himself for that calling. 
 They were living on their farm in the country, and desired that he 
 should remain with them— a request he cheerfully complied with 
 until their death. During this period he conducted the farm, and 
 at intervals devoted some time to writing for newspapers and 
 periodicals, and in other literary pursuits. 
 
 On November 23d, 1864, Mr. Lemen was married to Miss Nancie 
 C. Scott, a daughter of Isaac Scott, who then resided on his farm 
 5 J miles north-east of Belleville. This union resulted in one child, 
 Elmer S., an interesting bright boy, who died at a little past two 
 years of age. For ten years Mr. Lemen has suflTered at brief inter- 
 vals from malarial fever and its effects ; and for some years has 
 experienced considerable trouble from a disordered condition of the 
 stomach ; the combined effects of which confine him at home the 
 most of the time- He has had the best medical aid, and while the 
 treatment has been beneficial, he is yet laboring under a condition 
 which causes any exposure or any degree of physical exercise to 
 give much suffering. He has experienced large losses, to the 
 extent of several thousand dollars, by becoming security for 
 friends, and in other ways endeavoring to accommodate them : 
 but from the rents from his farm and proceeds of his pen, together 
 with the income from his wife's lands, he and his wife live in com- 
 forta,ble circumstances. 
 
 Mr. Lemen possesses studious habits ; and when able, he spends 
 his time mostly at his library, or in writing for the papers and pe- 
 riodicals. His contributions are generally editorial matter. He is 
 a republican, and in the election campaigns always assists his 
 party and candidates through the press. He sometimes contributes 
 a few articles on general topics to the newspapers of his personal 
 democratic friends ; and among tlie newspapers he takes are always 
 two or three Democratic journals. In 1872 some of his wealthy 
 republican friends who endorsed the Greeley movement, tendered 
 him a large salary to conduct a newspaper devoted to that cause, 
 but he preferred the service of the party he had always supported ; 
 and he has since been offered liberal salaries by some of the larger 
 newspapers, to take control of their editorial departments, but de- 
 clined on account of ill health. 
 
 From testimonials from some of the leading republicans of the 
 state, his services as a writer, pending political campaigns, have 
 been acknowledged as largely advantageous to the cause, as it is 
 not unusual for these contributions to be copied from the papers 
 in which they first appear into many other papers throughout the 
 
Resioenceof Mrs. ELIZABETH SCOTT j E^llon, St. Clair Co. Illinois 
 
 Hesidence&Mines OF B.J. VAN COURT Esq.-I^ Mile east of Eallon,0. d: M.Hi \/. 
 
HISTORY 01 ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 287 
 
 state, and to thus reach a large number of readers. For these ser- 
 vices the leaders of his party ia St. Clair county, as well as many 
 of his democratic friends, have several times tendered their support 
 for local and legislative offices, but he prefers the disinterested po- 
 sition of a private citizen, where he can employ his time in more 
 congenial pursuits ; and his pen, if necessary, in measures of public 
 concern, untrammeled by the responsibilities of office. He is now, 
 ■with a few others, working through the press in the interest of leg. 
 islative reform — to discourage the practice of too much law-making 
 — with the view that if our laws could obtain permanency, the body 
 of the people would soon come to understand them, and that causes 
 for litigation would eventually become less frequent, which would 
 give the courts more leisure for thought and accuracy in their de- 
 cisions. 
 
 In the preliminary presidential contest of 1880, Mr. Lemen's 
 editorial articles in the newspapers favored Gen. Grant for the re- 
 publican candidate ; and his friends rallied at Chicago with " the 
 guard for the old commander," but when Gen. Garfield was nomi- 
 nated, he supported him quite as loyally as he should have done 
 had Gen. Grant been the nominee. He also supported every nomi- 
 nee on the state, congressional, legislative and county tickets ; and 
 eirnestly urged the cause of each in the press, as worthy men to 
 fill their several proposed offices : and this without personal dero- 
 gation or a single ill-remark towards any of the opposition candi- 
 dates.- In the local offices he frequently supports worthy demo- 
 cratic candidates, but on the occasion referred to, he supported the 
 full tickets of his several party conventions from consistency, hav. 
 ing urged that, as it was the presidential year, his party, for good 
 efiect in organization and moral force, should make a full list of 
 nominations. As to the general ticket of the opposition, Mr. Lem- 
 en held that the democrats committed a mistake in nominating a 
 purely military candidate — Gen. Hancock — and that Hon. W. R. 
 Morrison would have been a better selection for that party's stan- 
 dard-bearer. He had predicted in several of the journals of Illi- 
 nois and elsewhere, that Mr. Morrison would be the democratic 
 nominee; and, while that gentleman had a very respectable in- 
 dorsement at Cincinnati, he is still of the opinion that if some of 
 the opposition leaders of the west-had not made some very palpa- 
 ble mistakes in the preliminary canvass, that Mr. Morrison would 
 have received the Cincinnati nomination. 
 
 On the question of labor and capital, Mr. Lemen holds there is no 
 real conflict, and that there should be no friction. He always, in 
 his own department of business, endeavors to pay his laboring men 
 the best wages customary in such vocations, as he wishes to see the 
 workingmen well rewarded for their toil. He also holds it as fal- 
 lacious reasoning to assume that there- is ultimately any conflict be- 
 tween the intelligent labor of our hands; because such assumptions 
 pre-suppose that the Creator made the brain the enemy of the hand, 
 instead of its faithful ally— a theory evidently hostile to the unity 
 and harmony of nature. On the question of temperance, he be- 
 lieve* this noble virtue must be enforced by self-government, and 
 he does not favor sumptuary legislation as calculated to reach the 
 evil it proposes to cure. He believes there is nothing lost by the 
 practice of systematic benevolence;, and, since he commenced busi- 
 ness, his contributions for eleemosynary and religious uses, including 
 what assistance he gave to some of the soldiers, who were poor and 
 in debt, amount to something over two thousand dollars. He is a 
 member of the Bethel Baptist church, to maintain the expenses of 
 which, he contributes in proportion to his means. He has, on va- 
 rious occasions, been elected as trustee in colleges and director in 
 corporations; but has uniformly declined serving, as he was un- 
 willing to assume the responsibilities which such trusts imply before 
 
 the public, when he had neither the time nor inclination to look af- 
 ter the internal management of these enterprises. 
 
 Usually, in addition to his literary pursuits, he has looked after 
 the management of his farm in Ridge Prairie, some four miles north- 
 of Alma, where he and his wife now reside. 
 
 BENJAMIN J. VAN COURT 
 Was born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1820.' 
 The ancestors of his father, Benjamin Van Court, came from Hol- 
 land. His mother, Mary Lindsey, belonged to an Irish family. 
 In the spring of 1839 the family removed from Pennsylvania to 
 the West. A boat was constructed at Johnstown, Pennsylvania,'^ 
 in which they journeyed by canal to the Ohio river, and thence 
 down that stream to the Mississippi. At Cairo a contract was made 
 with a steamer to tow their boat to St. Louis. Having mide their 
 boat fast the steamer started up stream. Unfortunately, it proved 
 too frail a structure for the strong current of the Mississippi, which 
 it had but fairly struck, when it began to sink, the family barely 
 escaping with their lives. All on board was gone in less than 
 twenty minutes, the loss not being less than ten thousand dollars 
 and no insurance. One trunk, containing three thousand dollars, 
 in gold and silver went down with the wreck, and also a stock of 
 groceries and liquors purchased six weeks previously in Philadel- 
 phia, at a cost of thirty-flve hundred dollars. 
 
 From St. Louis they proceeded to Rock Island and from that 
 place to Prophetstown where their father had previously purchased 
 a claim, and was there living. Finding no opportunity for busi- 
 ness in that frontier town he returned to Rock Island, and in com- 
 pany with his brother, in July, 1839, with scant capital, took; 
 charge of the Rock Island House. By the succeeding first of 
 January their business had netted them three thousand dollars. 
 Quitting Rock Island, from 1841 to 1843, they carried on the 
 America House at Portsmouth, Ohio ; and in November, 1843, 
 coming to St. Louis, Mr. Van Court opened the National Hotel at 
 the corner of Third and Market Streets. Finding this house too- 
 small he, with his brother, leased the Missouri Hotel. The hotel 
 business becoming unprofitable on account of the prevalence of the 
 cholera, in 1850 he sold out the hotel and for the next two years 
 was engaged, with great profit to himself, in the real estate busi- 
 ness. 
 
 In 18-32 he undertook, with his brother, the business of trans-, 
 porting passengers, bound for California, across the plains. They 
 proposed, on reaching California, to put in about five hundred 
 acres of wheat. A McCormick reaper, seed drills, plows, harrows,; 
 a threshing machine, and machinery necessary to complete a 
 flouring mill of two run of stones, were shipped from New York, 
 via Cape Horn. On the 17th of January, 1853, he married Miss 
 Amelia Midtnacht of Baltimore, and immediately afterward sailed, 
 for California. He was one of nine hundred passengers on the 
 steamer Winfield Scott, from Panama. Cholera and ship fever 
 broke out, and one hundred and forty deaths occurred before arriv- 
 ing at San Franciso. He purchased a saw mill and engaged in 
 the lumber business, while his brother attended to their stock and 
 ranch. They had only been able to get in two hundred acres of 
 wheat and barley which was cut with their McCormick reaper (the 
 first in that part of Calfornia). Nine Indians formed the force for 
 binding the grain. They worked for one dollar per day, while 
 white laborers commanded four or five dollars. Their crop, which 
 yielded thirty-five bushels to the acre, was hauled to Nevada, 28 
 miles, and the wheat sold for three dollars and a half and the barley 
 for two dollars and a half a bushel. 
 
288 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 He returned to St. Louis in 1855, and was elected a member of the 
 City Council. He was one of the charter members of the Lumber- 
 man's and Mechanics' Insurance Company, and of the Merchants 
 and Manufacturers' Saving Institution. He was an active member 
 of the Masonic Order, and in 1850' when the various Masonic 
 bodies of the city became incorporated in a Board of Trustees, he 
 was elected the first president. 
 
 In 1856 or 57 he removed to his present home in Illinois. He 
 assisted in the organization of O'Fallon Masonic Lodge, of which 
 he was master for the first seven years of its existence. 
 
 He served as District Deputy Grand Master for five years, and 
 at the present writing is one of the ofiicers of the Grand Lodge of 
 Illinois, and Master of O'Fallon Lodge. 
 
 He is now engaged in farming and the business of mining coal. 
 He has three children living, all daughters. A view of his resi- 
 dence, east of O'Fallon, appears on another page. 
 
 BENJAMIN SCOTT (deceased).. 
 
 Among the early settlers of Ridge Prairie was Benjamin Scott 
 who in the spring of the year 1828 took up his residence in section 
 thirty-two of township two north, range seven west, where he lived 
 until his death. He belonged to one of the pioneer American families 
 to settle in Illinois, his father, Jehu Scott, having made an early 
 settlement in the American Bottom, within the limits of what was 
 then St. Clair, but is now Monroe County. 
 
 Jehu Scott was born in Maryland, and was raised at the town of 
 Washington, Washington county, Pennsylvania. He learned the 
 blacksmith trade in Pennsylvania, and afterward moved to Ken- 
 tucky, and settled near Licking on the Ohio River. He there 
 married a Miss Wilson. From Kentucky he came to Illinois. 
 He reached Kaskaskia about the year 1797. He afterward settled 
 near the farm of Judge Bond in the American Bottom, in the pre- 
 sent county of Monroe, and there married in the year 1798 t^his 
 first wife having died) Polly Kinkead, who was a native of Penn- 
 sylvania. She came to Illinois with her parents in 1786, then ten 
 years of age. They came in company with the Ogles and Lemens, 
 and other pioneer families. They descended the Ohio to Fort 
 Massacre, and from there struck across by land to Kaskaskia, driv- 
 ing their stock with them. On this journey her father, James 
 Kinkead, became separated from the company and was lost. 
 Reaching Kaskaskia, and he not having made an appearance, his 
 comrades started back to look for him. He was discovered on 
 what was named from this circumstance, Kinkead's creek. He 
 had been twenty-two or twenty-three days without any food except 
 roots, leaves, and bark. He was in a famished and emaciated 
 condition, and never recovered from the efiects of the exposure and 
 lack of food. The Kinkead family first settled at the New Design 
 and then located at Piggot's fort, in the American Bottom, a mile 
 and a half west of the present town of Columbia, and lived within 
 that fort seven years. 
 
 Jehu Scott moved afterward to the Teeger prairie in the Bottom, 
 four miles north of Judge Bond's, and there established a black- 
 smith shop. He carried on that business for a number of years, 
 and his services were brought into requisition for a considerable 
 distance. It is said that he made the nails for all the cofiias in 
 which the dead were buried for fifteen miles around. From Teeger 
 prairie he moved to Harrisonville, and for seven years carried on 
 his trade at that place. From Harrisonville he moved to a farm 
 
 four miles and a half north of that town and lived there about 
 twenty years. He subsequently lived with his children for a num- 
 ber of years, residing at Alton, near Freeburg, on the Ridge 
 prairie, and died at the house of his son, Harrison Scott, in 
 January, 1840. He was in the ranging service in the war of 
 1812-14. 
 
 Benjamin Scott was the oldest of a family of eleven children. 
 He was born in the Teeger prairie, Monroe county, on the 23d of 
 January, 1799. He was raised in the same neighborhood. He 
 only had ordinary advantages for obtaining an education. The 
 school facilities of that day were not of the best description. The 
 schools were subscription schools, held for three months during the 
 winter season in log school-houses with puncheon floors and slab 
 benches. Greased paper pasted over an aperture made by leaving 
 out a couple of logs, furnished the only excuse for a window. On 
 the 27th of September, 1824, he married Clarissa Garretson, daugh- 
 ter of James Garretson, one of the pioneer American settlers of 
 Illinois. 
 
 James Garretson came to Illinois in the year 1781 and settled 
 within the present limits of Monroe county. He came with the 
 first American immigration to the Far West, and is one of the men 
 to whom credit should be given for founding the present great 
 commonwealth of Illinois. Samuel Garretson, a brother of James 
 Garretson, wa^ killed by the Indians during the border troubles in 
 the early history of the territory. The family, for several years, 
 lived near Piggot's fort, to which they were often obliged to resort 
 to protect themselves against the savages. John Moredock, one of 
 the pioneer settlers of Illinois who was noted as an Indian fighter, 
 married a sister of Jacob Garretson. Mrs. Scott's mother's name 
 was Mary Carr, daughter of Joseph Carr. The Carrs came from 
 Virginia, first settled at the New Design, and from there removed 
 to the American Bottom. Mrs. Scott was the fourth of a family of 
 nine children. She was born on the 16th of February, 1806, in the 
 American Bottom, seven (7) miles north of Harrisonville, in which 
 locality she lived till her marriage. 
 
 After Benjamin Scott was married he settled in the American 
 Bottom, on Moredock Lake. His farm sufiering much damage 
 from high water during the years 1824, 1825, and 1826, he de- 
 termined to abandon the Bottom and settle in a safer locality. In 
 company with his brother, William Henry Harrison Scott, he came 
 to Ridge Prairie, and purchased four hundred and eighty 
 acres of land, for which twelve hundred dollars was paid. In the 
 year 1828 he settled on this land. He improved a valuable farm, 
 and lived there till his death. He was a man held in high estima- 
 tion as a neighbor and a citizen, and he commanded the respect of 
 the entire community. In his political opinions he was first a whig, 
 and in the later years of his life, after the dissolution of the whig 
 party, he acted with the democrats. He united with the old Bethel 
 Baptist Church, of which he was a member for many years. He 
 died on the 1st of September, 1877, at the age of nearly seventy- 
 nine. 
 
 He was the father of eight children, of whom five are now living. 
 The oldest daughter, Dilyou, married David Moore, and lives at 
 Knob Knoster, Missouri ; the next child is Mary ; Sallie died in 
 January, 1842, at the age of twelve ; John is now farming in 
 Fayette county of this state; William S. lives on the old home- 
 stead ; James Wilson resides on a farm near O'Fallon ; Micha Ann 
 died October 20, 1875, at the age of thirty-two; Lyman, the 
 youngest, died in 1851, in infancy. 
 
.;:;-Vffl 
 
 
 Old Home Farm or EU AS 8c ELIZA HOUdERfRoPERjy now or ELIAS HOUSER,Jr. 
 
 ZMILES S.E.pr o'rALLON^ST.CLAJH CO.ILL. ^ 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 289 
 
 (Q/hLo^ //^-(yvujJly'Kr (1/L 
 
 Elias Housee was boru in Washington county, Maryland, eight 
 miles from Hagerstown, on the 29th of April, 1810. His father, 
 Isaac Houser, was, on his father's side, of German descent, and was 
 born in Washington county, Maryland, and married Barbara 
 Mumma. Elias Houser was raised in Washington county, Mary- 
 land, on a farm. He had ordinary advantages for obtaining an 
 education. His father carried on the distilling business, a highly 
 respectable occupation in those days, and also owned a large mill, 
 which may still be seen standing south-west of Hagerstown, not far 
 from the battle-field of Antietam. Elias Houser learned both the 
 milling business and that of a distiller, which he followed for some 
 time previous to his marriage. He was married on the 12th of 
 November, 18o3, to Eliza Malott, daughter of Col. Daniel Malott, 
 who lived on an adjoining farm in the same neighborhood, eight 
 miles south-west of Hagerstown. Col. Malott was of French de- 
 scent. He derved in the war of 1812-14, and there gained his 
 military title. He was a man of superior education, and occupied 
 a prominent and influential position in the community. In early 
 life he became profieient in surveying, and for a number of years was 
 employed in surveying government lands in Ohio. He surveyed 
 the lands on which now stand the cities of Chillicothe and Colum- 
 bus in that state. He took an active part in public life, was a 
 whig in politics, and held several public positions. He was twice 
 sheriff of Washington county, Maryland, and held that office at 
 the time of his death. He 'was a prominent Mason, and an officer 
 of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Maryland. 
 
 After his marriage Mr. Houser lived in Maryland, following the 
 occupation of a farmer till 1839, when he removed to the west. He 
 37 
 
 first settled in Clark county, in north-we.st Missouri, making his 
 home there when it was a rough, wild country, and the settlors were 
 few in number. The conveuiencjs of civilization were scarce. The 
 nearest mill was twenty-five miles distant. After living seven years 
 in Clark county, in December, 1846, the family became residents 
 of St. Louis. Mr. Houser was there employed most of the time in 
 dealing iu wood, having a wood yard on Cass avenue. In 1854 he 
 moved to Illinois and settled on a farm two miles south-east of 
 O'Fallon. He has since lived in St. Clair county, and in 1872 
 became a resident of the town of O'Fallon. Mrs. Houser died on 
 the 12th of September, 1880, at the house of her son, in St. Louis, 
 at the age of sixty-five years, seven months and one day. She was 
 a woman of good education and of an energetic and persevering dis- 
 position. She exercised more than usual care over her children, 
 and was anxious that they should succeed well iu the world and 
 reach positions of respectability and usefulness in society. At, 
 however, much inconvenience and trouble to herself, she saw that 
 they attended school and had opportunities for obtaining an edu- 
 cation. She possessed many praiseworthy womanly qualities and 
 Christian virtues. In early life she had united with the Lutheran 
 church, but after coming to St. Louis became a member of the Me- 
 thodist church, with which she was connected till her death. 
 
 There are now eight children living. The oldest, Daniel Malott 
 Houser, is one of the proprietors of the St. Louis Glohe Democrat ; 
 B. Cornelia, the oldest daughter, is the wife of Alfred C. Jones, of 
 O'Fallon ; Sarah A. is the wdfe of Levi Simmons, who formerly 
 lived iu ,0'Fallon, but now resides in St. Louis ; Claggett L. Houser 
 is engaged in farming near Carlyle. in Clinton county ; Angelica 
 
290 
 
 EI8T0BY OF ST. CLAIR COVNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 E., is the wife of John M. Houser, formerly of Bloomington, in this 
 state, and now residing near Russell, Kansas ; Caroline M. marrried 
 James M. McFarland, now a resident of Butler, Bates county 
 Missouri ; Elias Houser, Jr., is engaged in farming near O'Fallon, 
 and the youngest of the family. Ida Houser lives in St. Louis. 
 Four besides are dead ; two died in infancy, one of whom, Medora 
 M. was two years and a half of age. Franklin "Wesley, the sixth 
 of the family, died in December, 1858, in his sixteenth year. Isaac 
 Calvin, the third child, was a young man of energetic disposition. 
 He served nine months with the 30th Illinois regiment during part 
 of the years 1862 and 1863 in the war of the rebellion. 
 
 ICLIAS HOUSER, JR., 
 
 an illustration of whose farm, two miles south-east of O'Fallon, ap- 
 pears on another page, and whose portrait heads this sketch, is one 
 of the enterprising young men of St. Clair county. He was born 
 in the city of St. Louis on the 12th of February, 1853, and was 
 next to the youngest of a family of twelve children. He was a 
 year old at the time of the removal of his parents from St. Louis 
 to the neighborhood of O'Fallon. He was raised in this county 
 and obtai.ied his education in the public schools in the vicinity of 
 his home, attending school at the old town of Shiloh and afterward 
 at O'Fallon. For a short time also he was a student in McKen- 
 dree college. After leaving school he went to work on the farm 
 where he now lives. This farm, of which he is now the owner, is 
 composed of two hundred and twenty acres of the valuable land 
 characteiistic of that portion of the county. Mr. Houser is a gentle- 
 man of liberal ideas and progressive disposition, and though young 
 in years is still known to many of the citizens of the county. He 
 possesses an active mind and good business capacity, and in the 
 opinion of his friends has those qualities which fit him to make his 
 way successfully through the world. In his political viewls he is an 
 earnest republican. 
 
 JAMES NEAREN 
 
 Was born in Monroe county, January 31, 1805. When two years 
 old he came with his step-father, Isaac Basey, to the Ogle settle- 
 ment on the Ridge Prairie, in St. Clair county. The first school he 
 attended was on Ridge Prairie, in section eleven of township two 
 north, range eight west, when he was about ten years old. The 
 teacher was Isaac Enochs. At eighteen he hired out, receiving ten 
 dollars a month wages, and getting his pay in State paper worth 
 fifty cents on the dollar. He then learned the cooper's trade. Dur- 
 ing the winter of 1826-7 he was at Vandalia, where the last session 
 of the legislature met, previous to the removal of the capital to 
 Springfield. March 13, 1827, he married Nicene Gaskili, who 
 was born near Owego, New York, Sept. 12, 1807, and was the 
 daughter of Jonathan Gaskili and Elizabeth Allen. Her parents 
 settled in this county, a mile and a-half from Mascoutah, in- October 
 1810. In May, 1827, Mr. Nearen went to Galena, where he worked 
 six months as a carpenter. He came home with one hundred and 
 thirty dollars in money, and bought eighty acres of land in section 
 eleven of township two north, range eight west, where he now lives. 
 The price was two dollars and a-half an acre, and he had to resort 
 to the courts to get a good title. He paid fifty dollars on the land. 
 The first crop of corn he raised he hauled to St. Louis with an ox 
 cart, and sold for eighteen cents a bushel. It was fifteen years — 
 though he worked hard and was as economical as possible — before 
 the land was all paid for. He paid eight dollars an acre for the next 
 forty acres he purchased. He now owns five hundred acres. He has 
 had twelve children. The three living are Allen Alonzo Nearen, 
 Caroline, the wife of B. G. Markham, and John C. Nearen. He 
 
 voted for Andrew Jackson in 1824, and has been a democrat ever 
 since. In 1832 he served in the "Black Hawk" war. His com- 
 pany was commanded by Capt. Simpson, and his regiment by Col. 
 Thomas. After sixty days service he was discharged at Ottawa, on 
 the Illinois river. He is now one of the oldest settlers of the 
 county, and, with the exception of one year, has lived on his pres- 
 ent farm since 1828. He owns the old place on which his step- 
 father, Isaac Basey, settled in 1807. He and his wife have lived 
 together a longer period than usually falls to the lot of married 
 couples. It is now fifty-four years since their marriage. 
 
 JOSHUA BEGOLE, (deceased.) 
 
 Joshua Begole, formerly one of the old residents of St. Clair 
 county, was born near Hagerstown, Washington county, Maryland, 
 on the 25th of March, 1792. The family was of French origin 
 and belonged to the Huguenots, who were driven from France by 
 the edict of Nantes, in 1685, and from that country emigrated to 
 America. In the year 1805, Mr. Begole's father removed with the 
 family from Maryland to New York, and in the latter state he re- 
 sided till the spring of 1819, when he went to Detroit, Michigan, 
 where, for a time, he was in the employment of Gen. Lewis Cass. 
 In 1820 he went to Cincinnati, and from there came down the 
 Ohio to Shawneetown, from which place he made his way to Kas- 
 kaskia. He found work on a flat-boat which navigated the Okaw 
 river. He was at Carlyle when the company who owned the boat 
 failed and suspended payment, leaving him entirely without means. 
 He went to St. Louis in the hope of collecting the debt, and, while 
 there, was employed by Gov. William Kinney, and came with him 
 to St. Clair county. He worked on Kinney's farm one season, and 
 afterward leased land and raised crops on shares. In 1826 he pur- 
 chased eighty acres of land in section twenty-two of township two 
 north, range eight west, paying for the improved land fifteen dollars 
 an acre, and ten dollars for the unimproved, and having ten years' 
 time in which to make the payment. He was married on the 2d of 
 March, 1824, to Mary Terry. The marriage ceremony was per- 
 formed by the Rev. John M. Peck. Mrs. Begole's father, George 
 Terry, was born in Virginia. Her mother, whose maiden name 
 was Sallie Linton, was also born in "Virginia, on the south branch 
 of the Potomac. Her parents started for Illinois immediately after 
 their marriage, and settled in the American Bottom. Mrs. Begole 
 was born in May, 1808. When she was three years old, her 
 mother, who, after her first husband's death, married Elder Joseph 
 Chance, moved to Ridge Prairie, (section fifteen of township two 
 north, range eight west) where Mrs. Begole was raised. 
 
 Mr. Begole served eight years as justice of the peace. He made 
 a good magistrate and married over forty couples. In 1857 he 
 bought land in sections two and three of township two north, range 
 eight west, and moved to that locality, where he lived till his death, 
 which took place on the 2d of March, 1874, just fifty years from 
 the date of his marriage. He was a member of the Bethel Baptist 
 church, and was baptized by the Rev. Joseph Lemen, on the first 
 Saturday in August, 1827. In politics he was, for many years, 
 a member of the old Whig party, with which he acted till its disso- 
 lution. He was one of the early members of the republican party, 
 in St. Clair county. During the war he was a strong Union man, 
 and did all in his power to support the government in its efforts to 
 destroy the rebellion. He was industrious and energetic, and suc- 
 ceeded in securing a comfortable portion of this world's goods. He 
 was a useful citizen, a good neighbor, and a man whose private life 
 was adorned with many Christian virtues. He had twelve children , 
 of whom eight are now living. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 291 
 
 B. F. BEGOLE, 
 
 The third child of Joshua and Mary Begole, was born in the 
 Ridge Prairie, November 30th, 1828. He secured his education 
 in the ordinary district schools, and lived with his father till his 
 marriage, which occurred January 18th, 1859, to Huldah Price, 
 who was born in Johnson county, Missouri, October 18th, 1838, and 
 was the daughter of John Price and Miriam Lemen. Her mother 
 was a daughter of Robert Lemen, one of the early settlers of the 
 county. After his marriage he went to farming for himself. Af- 
 ter living on the old homestead a couple of years, he moved to his 
 present farm, in section twenty-six of township two north, range 
 eight. He has six children : Mary Theodosia, Ida Cornelia, John 
 Franklin, Cyrus Edgar, Bessie and Ford. Mr. Begole voted for 
 Scott, the whig candidate for president, in 1852, and has been a re- 
 publican since the formation of that party. He is a member of the 
 Bethel Baptist church. 
 
 CYRUS 8. BEGOLE, 
 
 The youngest son now living of Joshua Begole, was born Feb- 
 ruary 28th, 1842. He attended the district schools in Ridge Prai- 
 rie, and in 1863 and 1864, was a student at Shurtleff College, Up- 
 per Alton. He was married May 12th, 1875, to Laura Begole, who 
 was born in the city of Chicago. Her father, Bradley Begole, was 
 descended from the old French Huguenot stock, and was a native 
 of Mt. Morris, Livingston county. New York, and in 1849, became 
 a resident of Chicago. Mrs. Begole's mother was Mary A. Cassidy. 
 She was born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. In 1836, when she 
 was sixteen, her father, James Cassidy, settled where the city of 
 Chicago now stands. That place was then inhabited by Indians 
 only, and a few white settlers, and no one then supposed that it would 
 become the site of a great commercial city, and thus Mr. Begole's 
 father and grandfather lost the opportunity of making investments 
 which would now return fabulous amounts of money. After his 
 marriage, Mr. Begole went to farming on his father's old place, in 
 section twenty-two, where he has since lived. He has two children, 
 named Lemuel- Theodore and Archie Roland. He is a member of 
 the Bethel Baptist church ; cast his first vote for President for 
 Lincoln in 1864, and has since been a staunch republican. 
 
 ISAAC FORMAN, (deceased). 
 
 Isaac Fokman, who died on the 29th of October, 1878, was one 
 of the leading farmers of the Ridge Prairie. He settled there at 
 an early day, and by industry and good business management, 
 secured an ample fortune. Like many of the early settlers of 
 Illinois, he was a Kentuckian by birth. He was born near Paris, 
 Bourbon county, Kentucky, on the 2d day of November, 1800. 
 His father, Joseph Forman, was born in the year 1775, and his 
 mother, whose maiden name was Mary Landers, was born on the 
 12th of February, 1782. The subject of this sketch was the oldest 
 of a family of several children. His early life was spent in Ken- 
 tucky. The locality in which he was raised, ofiered not the best 
 advantages for obtaining an education. The schools were usually 
 of an inferior character, held in log school-houses, with puncheon 
 flioors and slab benches, while a strip of greased paper pasted over 
 an aperture made by leaving out a log on the side of the building 
 furnished the only substitute for a window. In these rude schools 
 the boys of that day acquired the elements of an education, and 
 fitted themselves for the future duties of life. Mr. Forman suc- 
 ceeded in acquiring a good English education, and after coming to 
 Illinois, for some time previous to his marriage, taught school. 
 
 In the year 1819, his father moved with the family from Ken- 
 tucky to Illinois, and settled on Ridge Prairie, on section fifteen 
 of township two north, range eight west. This is the location 
 where Mr. Forman afterwards lived, and where his widow, Mrs. 
 Rebecca Forman, now resides. At the time the family settled here, 
 the land was wild and uncultivated. The older settlers had mostly 
 confined their improvements to the edges of the timber, thinking 
 the open prairie to be an undesirable place of residence. A num- 
 ber of negroes were brought along from Kentucky, and the work 
 of improving a farm was vigorously commenced. After living 
 here a year or two, Mr. Forman's father died, and the rest of the 
 family, becoming dissatisfied with life on an Illinois prairie, moved 
 back to Kentucky. Mr. Forman was about nineteen when he first 
 came to this state. He returned with the other members of the 
 family to Kentucky. After remaining there for some time, he went 
 to Missouri and purchased a farm, on which he lived some years. 
 He then purchased the interest of the other heirs in the laud on 
 Ridge Prairie, on which he, with a younger brother, settled, and 
 where he afterwards lived till his death. 
 
 He was married on the 22d of Dec. 1836, to Mrs. Rebecca Har- 
 desty. Her maiden name was Beedle, and she was the daughter of 
 Samuel Beedle, and Sarah Benham. She was born near Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, on the 2d of July, 1812. Her father was an early settler of that 
 part of Ohio. She was five or six years of age when her father 
 moved from Ohio to Illinois. The family settled in this county on 
 section twenty-eight of township two north, range eight west, and 
 Mrs. Forman was raised in that vicinity. When she was twenty- 
 one she married Richard Hardesty, who was also born in Ohio, 
 and who died within a few years after their marriage. 
 
 Mr. Forman was a man of great energy and industry, and of a 
 persevering disposition, which- enabled him to carry out his plans, 
 and overcome all ordinary obstacles. He threw his energy into 
 the work of improving a farm, and soon had a fine body of land 
 under cultivation. He hadgiod bujiuess qualifications, and stead- 
 ily accumulated property. He had been brought up on a large 
 farm in Kentucky, in the midst of a fine stock country, and was 
 early accustomed to the care and management of stock. As soon 
 as he got his farm into the proper condition, and had sufficient 
 means he turned his attention toward raising cattle and sheep, and 
 up to a late period of his life ; when he became too feeble to give 
 his active attention to the business, he was engaged, more or less, 
 in raising and fattening stock. At the time of his death he owned 
 large quantities of valuable land, and was one of the wealthiest 
 farmers of that part of St. Clair county. On part of his farm he 
 laid out the town of Forman, on the line of the Ohio and Mis- 
 sissippi railroad, though on account of the proximity of other towns, 
 the place never secured a vigorous growth. His death in Octo- 
 ber, 1878, was caused by a cold caught while in attendance at a 
 camp-meeting. 
 
 Previous to his marriage he became a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church ; first uniting with old Shiloh church, and 
 afterward joining the Methodist church at O'Fallon, when one 
 came to be established in that town. He was devoted to the inter- 
 ests of the church, and was licensed as a local preacher. He was 
 a man of earnest piety, and was a warm friend of the different 
 evangelizing institutions of his denomination, especially the Mis- 
 sionary and Church Extension Societies. He recognized the im- 
 portance of Sabbath-school work, and taught and superintended a 
 school on the Sabbath in the school-house in the vicinity of his 
 home. Throughout life bis habits were temperate, and he did all 
 he could to encourage the principles of temperance in others One 
 of his peculiar characteristics was his strong opposition to secret 
 
292 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 societies, which he believed often interfered with the interests of 
 the church, and hindered the advancement of religion. He believed 
 that nothing good should be kept secret, and that the spirit of the 
 Bible was opposed to secret organizations. 
 
 In his politics he was a republican. Though raised in a slave 
 state, he had no sympathy with slave institutions. He considered 
 that the slave system was both unjust to those so unfortunate as to 
 be held in slavery, and hurtful to the white population. These 
 sentiments were imbibed in his early youth. His father entertained 
 the same opinions, and this was one of the sources of the removal of 
 the family from a slave to a free state. In his early life Mr. For- 
 man owned slaves, but gave them their liberty. He thought it best 
 for both the white and black race, that the negroes should be colo- 
 nized in Liberia, or some other country where the climate suited 
 their physical characteristics, and ample opportunity might be 
 afforded for their education and development. He was a strong 
 supporter of the republican party from its first organization till 
 his death. During the war of the rebellion he was an ardent 
 Union man, and his sympathies were warmly enlisted in the work 
 of destroying the rebellion, and securing the perpetuation of free 
 institutions. 
 
 He had three children, whose names are as follows : Mrs. Mary 
 Price ; Eliza J., who was, born on the 2d of April, 1840, married 
 Eobert James, and died on the 17th of April, 1867 ; and Catha- 
 rine, who was born on the 16th of February, 1848, was married'*to 
 Cornelius Colgan, and died on the 6th of April, 1870. A grand- 
 daughter, Ida May Price, also makes her home with Mrs. Forman. 
 Mrs. Forman had three children by her first marriage. The oldest, 
 Sarah Hardesty, died at the age of thirteen. The next, Lucy Har- 
 desty, lived till the age of seven ; and the third, John Hardesty, 
 was one year and six months of age at the time of his death. 
 
 A picture of the residence of Mrs. Forman appears among our 
 illustrations. The farm is one of the best to be found in that favored 
 portion of the county known as the Eidge Prairie, and does credit 
 to Mr. Forman's judgment in selecting such a locality as the place 
 of bis fiiture residence, and to his industry and taste in bringing it 
 into a state of superior cultivation. As one of the old residents of 
 the county, and a man whose energies were devoted to_ the develop- 
 ment of its agricultural resources, his name well deserves mention 
 in this work. In some respects he was a man of decided and in- 
 flexible traits of mind, but no man questioned his honesty or sin- 
 cerity. He possessed a strong mind, a determined will, and a firm 
 perseverance which well fitted him for life in a new country, and 
 the labors of the hardy pioneer. 
 
 CHARLES B. DARROW, (deceased.) 
 
 Chaeles B. Daeeow was born in the State of New York, 
 September 19th, 1806. He was the son of Rev. Zadok Darrow, a 
 Baptist preacher, who came to Illinois at an early date, and settled 
 east of the present town of O'Fallon, where he had a farm, and 
 also followed his trade of a carpenter. He was zealously devoted 
 to the interests of the Baptist church, and preached somewhere 
 every Sabbath. He frequently held service at the Rock Spring 
 Seminary, founded by the Rev. John M. Peck, and also at the 
 Richland Baptist church. He was pastor for one year of a Baptist 
 church on the Horse Prairie in Randolph county. After becom- 
 ing incapacitated from labor, and unable to preach, he moved to 
 Collinsville, where his daughter lived, and died there of the cholera 
 in the year 1849. 
 
 Charles B- Darrow was married on the 12th of February, 1826, 
 
 to Sarah Peach, daughter of William Peach. She was born in the 
 State of Vermont, on the 27th of December, 1804. Her father 
 moved with the family to Ohio when she was ten years old, and 
 four years afterwards, about the year 1818, settled on the Horse 
 Prairie, about four miles from the town of Red Bud, Randolph' 
 county. After his marriage, Mr. Darrow settled a mile and a half 
 east of O'Fallon. He died from a fever on the 28th of October, 
 1839. For a number of years he had been connected with the 
 Baptist church, first with the Bethel church, and afterwards with 
 the Rock Spring church, in which he was deacon. He was a whig 
 in politics and a good citizen of the county, who lived a peaceful and 
 honest life. He had six children. Lucinda, the oldest, is the wife 
 of Charles Bridges. George Washington Darrow is engaged in 
 farming in O'Fallon precinct. Lucy Lord married Daniel Duna- 
 vant, and is now decea3ed. Mary Amanda died in 1853, in the 
 twentieth year of her age. William Augustus Darrow is farming 
 in Lebanon precinct, and the youngest, Charles Brown Darrow, is 
 farming east of O'Fallon. Mrs. Darrow is still living, and in the 
 enjoyment of good health, at the age of seventy-seven. 
 
 DR. O. C. BATES, 
 
 O.VE of the enterprising physicians of St. Clair county, is a native 
 of Belleville, and was born April, 1844. His father, Henry Bates, 
 was a native of Pennsylvania. When a boy he went to Ohio, and, 
 after reaching manhood, to Mobile, Ala., and from that place, 
 about the year 1835, came to Belleville. He bought land 
 and settled east of the town, where Jacob Brosius now lives. He 
 secured considerable property and laid out an addition to Belle- 
 ville, which bears his name. He was a carpenter by trade, and 
 assisted in the erection of many buildings in Belleville, among 
 which was the First Presbyterian church. He was married about 
 the year 1840 to Catharine Heckber, daughter of John Heckber, 
 of Dayton, Ohio. Her mother was connected with a family by the 
 name of Young, who resided in Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. 
 Henry Bates was among the active business men of Belleville till 
 1849, when his death occurred from the cholera, which that year 
 carried off many of the inhabitants. During its prevalence he had 
 been very energetic in caring for the sick, and was much exposed 
 to the disease. After its ravages were nearly spent, he was seized 
 with the epidemic, and his weakened constitution rendered him an 
 easy victim. He was a member of the Presbyterian church, and at 
 the time of his death was a deacon in the church at Belleville. He 
 started the first nursery in Belleville, the cuttings for which he 
 brought from New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
 From this nursery many of the orchards of the county had their 
 origin. His widow resided in Belleville till 1856, and then re- 
 moved to Dayton, Ohio, where she died in October, 1862. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was the second of three children. He 
 has one older brother and a sister now living in Ohio. He was 
 five years old at the time of his father's death. The first twelve 
 years of his life were spent in Belleville, during which time he at- 
 tended the public schools. After the removal of the family to 
 Ohio he went to school at Dayton, and was a student at Antioch 
 College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. He began the study of medicine at 
 Dayton, Ohio, and after some experience in the army during the 
 war, he entered the St. Louis Medical College, from which he gra- 
 duated in 1864. In 1865 he began practice at O'Fallon. He was 
 married in October, 1867, to Anna Stuart, daughter of William H. 
 Stuart, an old resident of Belleville. By this marriage he lias five 
 children. He is a democrat, and has taken an active part in the 
 
-i 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 293 
 
 local politics of St. Clair county. He has achieved much success 
 as a physician. He was one of the organizers of the St. Clair 
 County Medical Society, founded in 1866, is a member of the 
 Illinois Southern Medical Association, and an associate member of 
 the St. Louis Academy of Science. He opened the first prescrip- 
 tion drug store in O'Fallon ; he is a physician of liberal ideas, and 
 has been among the first to take advantage of the latest develop- 
 ments of medical science. Although his time has been closely 
 taken up by his professional labors, he has given his attention to 
 scientific research and outside study, and has collected a fine 
 archaeological cabinet from the mounds of St. Clair and Madison 
 counties. He has given much attention to surgical operations, and 
 is recognized as the foremost physician in this department of medi- 
 cine in that portion of St. Clair county. 
 
 JAMES WARD. 
 
 James Ward, who is now filling the office of inspector of coal 
 mines for St. Clair county, was born at Poynton, near Stockport, 
 in Cheshire, England, on the 20th of October, 1848. His parents 
 were James Ward and Margaret Swan. His father was brought 
 up as a miner, and followed that occupation for a period of fifty 
 years. The subject of this sketch was the fourteenth of a family of 
 seventeen children, of whom twelve were sons and five daughters. 
 Of these, thirteen grew to manhood and womanhood. The others 
 died in infancy. When Mr. Ward was seven years old, the family 
 removed to the neighborhood of Barnsley in Yorkshire. He went 
 to school there three years, and then, at the age of ten, began work- 
 ing in the mines. He never went to school subsequently except to 
 night school. When he was fifteen, his father emigrated with the 
 family to America. After living a year at Washington, Indiana, 
 the family came to St. Clair county, and the father and all the 
 sons entered the employment of the Gartside Coal Company, with 
 which Mr. Ward was connected up to the time he was appointed 
 coal inspector. 
 
 From the time he came to the county in 1866, he has been living 
 near Alma. He procured books on the subject of coal mining, and 
 acquired a thorough knowledge, both theoretical and practical, of 
 the business. He was appointed by the county commissioners in- 
 spector of coal mines for St. Clair county, March, 1880. He was 
 married in August, 1873, to Jane Hunter. His residence is Alma. 
 He has had five children, of whom two are now living. He is con- 
 nected with the order of Odd Fellows, and was a charter member 
 of the first lodge of Knights of Pythias in St. Clair county. 
 
 DR. B. KRAUSE. 
 
 Dr. B. Kbause, now one of the oldest physicians at O'Fallon, 
 was born in Wuertemberg, Germany, August 29th, 1834. His pa- 
 rents were Joseph and Mary (Maurer) Krause. After attending 
 the public schools he was a student in the gymnasium of Gmuend, 
 from 1847 to 1851. From 1851 to 1854, he was an apprentice in 
 the pharmacie at Lorch. He passed an examination as druggist, 
 and was subsequently assistant in drug stores at Eeuthingen, Geis- 
 lingen, Threngen and Freiburg. He studied medicine and phar_ 
 macy in the University of Tuebingen, and graduated in August^ 
 1859. He came to this country in October, 1859, and in 1860, lo- 
 cated at Lebanon, where, on the 20th of April, 1861, he married 
 Henrietta Blank. He moved to Centerville in 1862, and from 
 there to O'Fallon, in May, 1863. In these places he followed hig 
 
 profession as a physician. When the Dr. came to O'Fallon, he had 
 to keep a supply of medicines on hand to make his own prescrip- 
 tions. The town was growing fast, a drug store soon became a ne- 
 cessity, and he accordingly started one, increasing his stock as cir- 
 cumstances demanded. Till 1878 he practiced medicine in town 
 and country. That year he visited Europe, and after his return 
 quit country practice, and now spends most of his time in tiis large 
 drug store, which is as well stocked with first-class drugs, medicines, 
 and chemicals as any drug store of any town of the same size. 
 He was admitted a member of the St. Clair County Medical Socie- 
 ty in 1867, and of the Pharmaceutical Association, of Illinois, in 
 1880. He is P. G. of O'Fallon Lodge, I. O. 0. F., and P. C. P. of 
 the Encampment. His first wife having died, he was married to 
 Miss Mary Henkel, of St. Louis, on the 20th of April, 1880. He 
 has a son aged twelve years, and a daughter six, by his first wife. 
 
 FRANK POIGNEfi, 
 
 Who is now serving his second term as county commissioner, is — 
 although born in Germany — partly of French descent. His great- 
 grandfather, Iguatz Poignee, was a native of France, and a soldier 
 in the French army. During one of the wars waged by France he 
 was stationed at Oggersheim, in Bavaria, and, while there — being a 
 landscape gardener by occupation — had charge of a fine garden at 
 that place. After the war he returned to Bavaria, settled at Og- 
 gersheim, married, and died there. Both the father and grand- 
 father of Mr. Poignee were born at Oggersheim. His grandfather 
 was named Ignatz Poignee, and his father Frank Poignee. His 
 mother's name before marriage was Anna Maria Kempf. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch was the oldest of a family of seven children. He 
 was born at Oggersheim, Bavaria, on the 27th of March, 1831. He 
 was raised in his native town, where he lived till sixteen, when his 
 father emigrated with the family to America. After the age of 
 thirteen he had no opportunity to attend school. He, however, 
 made the best use of his opportunities ; obtained a good German 
 education, and, after coming to this country, became well acquainted 
 with the English. The family left Germany in April, 1847, and, 
 landing at New Orleans, came up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and, 
 after remaining in that city about a week, came to the neighbor- 
 hood of O'Fallon, where his father purchased a small farm, on 
 which he died in February, 1855. Mr. Poignee's mother died in 
 April, 1868 After coming to St. Clair county, Mr. Poignee was 
 employed by the month on a farm. Part of his earnings were ap- 
 plied to the support of the family, who had settled on a farm, of 
 which only five or six acres were under cultivation. His father 
 afterward bought more land, and, when twenty-one, Mr. PoigneS 
 went home and assisted in improving it. He lived at home till his 
 marriage, which occurred on the 14th of August, 1854, to Salome 
 Daehn, who was born of French descent, at Hattmatt, in Alsace, 
 then in France, now a part of the German empire. Her father, 
 Jacob Daehn, still resides at Alsace. Her mother having died, she 
 came to America with her grandmother when she was nine years 
 old. After his marriage Mr. Poignee went to farming for himself 
 three miles north-east of O'Fallon. He was engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits till 1869, and then became a resident of O'Fallon, where 
 he has since lived. He has had eight children, of whom four are 
 now living. The names of those living are John C. Poigne^, Mary 
 Poio'ne^, George Poigne6, and Frank P. Poigne6. In his political 
 views Mr. PoigneS has always been a member of the democratic 
 party, which he has supported with consistency ever since he was 
 capable of exercising the right of sufirage. He cast his first vote 
 
294 
 
 EISTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 for president for Franklin Pierce in 1852, and has voted for every 
 democratic candidate for president since. He has enjoyed the con- 
 fidence of the people of his part of the county, and has creditably 
 filled several public positions. In 1865 he was appointed deputy 
 assessor, and re-appointed every year, until elected county commis- 
 fioner. On his removal to O'Fallon he was elected constable. In 
 1871 he was chosen justice of the peace, and in February, 1874, was 
 elected one of the trustees of the village of O'Fallon, and made 
 president of the board. In April, 1874, he was elected to the office 
 of police magistrate. In 1878 he was again elected village trustee 
 of O'Fallon and served as president of the board. In 1875 he was 
 elected county commissioner, and was re-elected to this position in 
 1879. At his first election he ran as an independent candidate, ob- 
 taining a thousand majority. At his second election, in 1879, he 
 vras made the democratic nominee, but, receiving a number of re- 
 publican votes, was elected by a majority of seventeen hundred. 
 This record abundantly testifies to his popularity among the citizens 
 of St. Clair county. 
 
 A. J. WASTFIELD, (deceased.) 
 
 A. J. Wastfield, whose death occurred on the 15th of Novem- 
 ber, 1866, was one of the representative men in the neighborhood 
 of O'Fallon. His father, Walter "Wastfield, was born in the city 
 of Bath, England. Part of his early life was spent in Ireland 
 and he was married at Fermoy, to Mary Ann Shannon, a young 
 lady of much intelligence, who belonged to an Irish family. 
 Walter Wastfield emigrated to America in the year 1819, and, 
 after spending a few weeks in the city of Baltimore, came to St. 
 Clair county and settled in section thirty-three of township two 
 north, range seven, about two miles south-east of O'Fallon. The 
 journey from Baltimore to St. Louis was made by wagon. He was 
 in comfortable circumstances, and he and his wife brought with 
 them to this country ample supplies of money, and every con. 
 venience that could make their life in the new country comfortable. 
 Walter Wastfield died on the 26th of November, 1866. His wife 
 died four days afterwards, on the 30th of November, Their 
 deaths undoubtedly resulted from the shock occasioned by the 
 sudden death of their son, A. J. Wastfield. They were advanced 
 in years, and after the sad accident they sank into a nervous fever, 
 from which they never recovered. 
 
 A. J. Wastfield was born on the old place, north-east of O'Fallon, 
 where his father settled on coming to the county, on the 6th of 
 September, 1829. He was the youngest son, and the next to the 
 youngest child, of a family of nine children, composed of five 
 daughters and four sons. He was raised in the same part of the 
 county. He attended the public schools at Belleville, and also for 
 a time was a student at the old Bock Spring Seminary. He was 
 married on the 12th of June, 1860, to Miss Elisie Osburn, who 
 was born at Lebanon. Her father, Daniel S. Osburn, was of 
 Scotch descent, and was born and raised in Fredericktown, 
 Frederick county, Maryland. He came to St. Clair county, and 
 settled at Lebanon in 1833 or 1834. He married Emily J. Pierce, 
 daughter of Daniel Pierce, one of the earliest settlers of the 
 county in the neighborhood of Shiloh, a sketch of whose history 
 is given in another part of this work. Mrs. Wastfield's parents, 
 alter their marriage, (which took place on the 8th of October, 
 1835;) took up their residence at Lebanon, in a house in which 
 they lived till their deaths, and in which also their nine children 
 were born. Mr. Osburn died on the 24th of December, 1864, and 
 his wife on the 26th of March, 1857. 
 
 Previous to his marriage, Mr. Wastfield had been engaged for 
 some time in dealing in wheat in O'Fallon, and subsequently he 
 followed farming. His , death was caused by an accident in a 
 threshing machine. He was then thirty-seven years of age, and 
 in the prime of life. He was a man of many strong traits of 
 character. He was energetic and ambitious, and possessed good 
 business capacity. He had been a strong and active republican in 
 politics from the first organization of that party. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Shiloh Methodist Episcopal church. Had he lived he 
 would doubtless have reached a position of prominence and in- 
 fluence in the community. He left two children, Walter Daniel 
 and Julia Emily Wastfield. Mrs. Wastfield has since resided on 
 the farm south-east of O'Fallon, in the -house which her husband 
 built just previous to their marriage, and in which they began 
 their wedded life. 
 
 CHARLES F. FISCHER. 
 
 Charles F. Fischer, proprietor of the hotel at O'Fallon, is a 
 native of Holstein am Loerrach, B«den, Germany, and was born 
 March 20th, 1824. He was raised in that part of Germany. He 
 attended the ordinary schools and was then a student at a college 
 at Dawance, in French Switzerland. After leaving school he was 
 apprenticed to the mercantile business, at Steinau, Baden, and fol- 
 lowed that occupation as long as he lived in Germany. He was 
 married in Germany to Maria Magdalena Gutmuller. She died in 
 Germany in 1865. He had by her five children. In 1865 became 
 to America, and from New York city came at once to Belleville, 
 where he had some friends living. For two years he was a clerk 
 in a store at that place. December, 1867, he came to O'Fallon, of 
 which place he has since been a resident. He was clerk in Mr. 
 Tiedemann's store, at OTallon, for two years, and in December, 
 
 1869, he engaged in the hotel business. In 1870 he purchased the 
 hotel property. He is also the proprietor of a livery stable, and a 
 dealer in lime, cement and sand, and is well-known as an active 
 and energetic business man. His present wife, whom he married in 
 1871, was Ernestine Hirschfeld, who was born at BoUstadt, Prussia, 
 and came to America in 1845, when twelve years of age. He has 
 two children by hia second marriage. The oldest of his children is 
 Mrs. Luia Kraft, of Columbus, Ohio. Mary is the wife of B. W. 
 Muehlhausen, who is a merchant and postmaster at O'Fallon. The 
 other children are Mrs. Emilie Schmitt, of Columbus, Ohio ; Mrs. 
 Rosalie Ruester, of O'Fallon ; Otto Fischer and Carolina Ch 
 lotte Fischer. Another son, Charles Fischer, died in Belleville __ 
 
 1870, at the age of twenty-two. In politics Mr. Fischer has al 
 ways been a republican. He was in favor of free institutions in 
 Germany, and coming to this country, joined the party which he 
 thought best represented his views. 
 
 ar- 
 in 
 
 CHARLE3 A. TIEDEMANN. 
 
 Charles A. Tiedemann was born at Bremervoerde, Hanover, 
 Geroiany, on the 8th of D.ceinbsr, 1833. His parents were Henry 
 Tiedemann and Louisa Von Hartz. His grandfather, Dietrich 
 liedemann, was professor of philosophy at Marburg in Hessen. 
 Of his three sons, one, Dr. Frederick D. Tiedemann. became pro- 
 fessor of anatomy and physiology in the Heidelberg Medical Col- 
 lege. Another, Justus Tiedemann, was a wholesale merchant and 
 importer in the free city of Bremen. The remaining son, Henry 
 Tiedemann, father of Charles A., whose name heads this sketch, 
 was au officer in the array of Jerome Bonaparte, King of West- 
 
Hotel, Residence & Property of CHA§ r.nSGHEP,Ea9,oYALLON St Clair Co III. 
 
 ""^"^^'^^F^^^YW 
 
 
 Richland Mi ll,( with proposed alterations,) the Property of CM A? AT/ ED EM ANN, 
 
 ON THE 0.8c M.&. BELLEVILLE & O'FALLON.R.R.AT o'fALLON,! LLINOIS. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 295 
 
 phalia, in the war against Russia, in 1812, and received from Na- 
 poleon I, the cross of the legion of honor. At the battle of 
 Leipzig, in 1813, he fought against Napoleon. He held a financial 
 office in the town of Bremervoerde for fifty years in succession. In 
 1860 he came- to America, settled at O'Fallon, and died September 
 5th, 1875, at the age of eighty-eight. Charles A. Tiedemann, 
 when fifteen, came to America in company with his cousin, Freder- 
 ick Tiedemann. He reached Belleville in October, 1849. He was 
 employed in farming one year, and then apprenticed himself to 
 Capt. Julius Raith, then a wheelwright in Belleville. After serv- 
 ing an apprenticeship of three years he went into partnership with 
 his employer. They erected a number of mills, breweries, and dis- 
 tilleries in St. Louis and vicinity. 
 
 In 1859 Mr. Tiedemann visited his native country, and travelled 
 through Switzerland, France, and England, studying the latest im- 
 provements in mills and manufacturing establishments of a similar 
 character. Returning to America he resumed his business with 
 his partner, and in 1860 they began the erection at O'Fallon of the 
 mill at present owned by Mr. Tiedemann. This mill was finished 
 in 1861, about the time of the commencement of the war of the re- 
 bellion. His partner was commissioned colonel of the 43d Illinois 
 regiment, and died in 1862, from wounds received at the battle of 
 Pittsburg Landing. After his death Mr. Tiedemann settled the af- 
 fairs of the firm, and in 1863 associated with himself Philip Postel, 
 of Mascoutah. In 1873 the mill was remodeled and enlarged. 
 Since 1876 the business has been in his own hands. A large ad- 
 dition to the mill was made in 1881, and machinery procured of 
 the latest and most improved description. Flour is now manu- 
 factured by the roller process, and the products of the mill, the 
 Richland Mills and Shiloh Valley Mills brands, have a deserved 
 reputation for excellence, and are well-known in Glasgow and 
 Liverpool. -The mill turns out about sixty thousand barrels each 
 year, and is run by a Wheelock engine of two hundred horse 
 power. 
 
 Mr. Tiedemann commenced his career in this county without 
 means. The mill at O'Fallon was built under considerable diffi- 
 culties, and after Capt. Raith 's death he was obliged to see it sold. 
 He bought it back again, and by successful business management 
 
 was soon out of debt and established on a sound financial basis. 
 He has been closely identified with the prosperity and growth of 
 the town of O'Fallon. In 1860, when he began building the mill, 
 there were only a few houses in the place. He is independent in 
 his political views. 
 
 ERNST J. TIEDEMANN. 
 
 This gentleman who has been a resident of O'Fallon since 
 1865, is a native of Bremervoerde, Hanover, and was born Septem- 
 ber 7th, 1831. He was the sixth of a family of eight children. 
 'His father was Henry Tiedemann, and his mother's maiden name 
 Louisa von Hortz. In the biographical sketch of Charles A. Tie- 
 demann will be found an account of the early history of the family 
 in Germany. The first twenty-one years of Mr. Tiedemann's life 
 were spent in Germany. He went to school till fifteen years of age, 
 and then served an apprenticeship of three years in the mercantile 
 business at Bremen. He then went to Hamburg, where he at- 
 tended a commercial institute, and thoroughly prepared himself for 
 a business career. He came to America in the spring of 1852, 
 landing at New Orleans. He came at once to St. Louis and St. 
 Clair county. He made his home in Belleville, and in 1853, was 
 appointed by William L. Deneen, then surveyor of the county, de- 
 puty surveyor, in which capacity he served about two years. He 
 was subsequently employed by the government in subdividing town- 
 ships of land in Nebraska. He settled on a tract of land in Ne- 
 braska, and was farming there till 1859, when gold having been 
 discovered at Pike's Peak, he went to Colorado. He traveled 
 over all the then explored parts of Colorado, and for some years 
 lived at a ranch on the Platte river, twenty miles below Denver. 
 He was engaged in the stock business, which proved profitable. He 
 came back to Illinois in 1865, and engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness at O'Fallon. He was married at Belle vue, Nebraska, in 1863, 
 to Mary Baumann. He has five children . He has been a re- 
 publican from the first organization of that party. He has served 
 several times as president of the Board of Trustees of the town qf 
 O'Fallon, and is a business man of enterprise and liberality. 
 
PRAIRIE DU PONT PRECINCT. 
 
 ^RAIEIE DU PONT was, untU 1871, a part of 
 Caliokia, but at that time the county commis- 
 sioners cut it off into a separate precinct. It is 
 nearly enclosed ■within the boundaries of Caho- 
 kia outlined on the east, and the Mississippi on 
 the west. Monroe county and Centerville pre. 
 cinct bound a small portion of the southern 
 border. It is the extreme western point of St. 
 Clair county, and contains about 15,000 acres. 
 It is wholly situated in the Bottom, extending from the river 
 to the bluff. It received its name from the ancient village 
 which is situated in this precinct. The soil is the same as the 
 rest of the American Bottom, unexcelled for fertility and pro- 
 ductiveness. It is drained- by Prairie du Pont creek, which, 
 enters the extreme eastern portion of the precinct, and flows 
 west and south, when it empties into the Mississippi a little south 
 and west of East Carondelet. The southern portion of the precinct 
 is drained by the " big ditch," or canal, that extends from Bluff 
 and Fish lakes to the river. 
 
 The East St. Louis & East Carondelet, or, what is better known, 
 as the Conlogue Railway, and the Narrow Gauge road, pass through 
 the precinct on the west side from north to south. The Conlogue 
 has a branch track extending south-east across the precinct to the 
 quarries, situated at Falling Spring. 
 
 The general history, customs, etc., of the people of Prairie du 
 Pont, are similar to those of Cahokia. They have their common 
 fields, containing their farms or arpents of land, and adjacent to 
 these the open territory, called commons. The arpents, with few 
 exceptions, extended from the river to the bluff. In early times, 
 spring wheat was the principal product, but, for many years, fall or 
 winter wheat has been the staple. The main history of this pre- 
 cinct lies in 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF PRAIRIE DU PONT. 
 
 The village received its name from the following circumstance : 
 The first settlement was made on the present site, which is on the 
 south bank of the creek, and about one mile south of the village of 
 Cahokia. At this point a rude bridge, constructed of logs, was 
 built across the stream. An open prairie extended from the bridge 
 south to the bluff. Pont is a French word, and means bridge in 
 English. Hence the name, Prairie du Pont, or, Prairie Bridge. 
 It was settled about 1750, by people from Cahokia. The origin. of 
 its settlement is undoubtedly due to the inundations to which the 
 bottom .was subject during high waters. Prairie du Pont is about 
 ten or twelve feet higher than Cahokia, aud in the time of the 
 296 
 
 floods, the people of the latter village were obliged to flee to the 
 bluffs and higher grouads for sifety. Traditioa, itt Prairie du Poat, 
 substantiates the above theory. 
 
 According to Reynolds, the village contained fourteen families in 
 1765. Among the early settlers was Jean Francois Perry, who was 
 a native of France, and emigrated to this country in 1792. He 
 was a classical scholar, and was a descendant of one of the first 
 families in France. He and a Frenchman by the name of Clau- 
 dius, first established themsalves as partners in a small store in Ca- 
 hokia, but soon after removed to Prairie du Pont, where they con- 
 tinued in the mercantile business. Claudius was killed a few years 
 afterwards by being thrown from a horse. Perry coi tinned the 
 business, also purchased the old mill site oa the creek, where the 
 Mission of St. Sulpice first erected a mill. Here he built a new 
 mill of considerable pretensions for those days, and conducted it in 
 conjunction with his store until his death, which occurred ia 1812. 
 He amassed quite a fortune, and died regretted by all who knew 
 him. 
 
 Philip Creamer, a native of Maryland, cime to the American 
 Bottom in 1805, and settled a little east of the village. He was 
 skilled in mechanics, but his special forte was the manufacture of 
 fire-arms. He was employed by the government ia 1812, to make 
 and repair the guns of the troops stationed on the frontier. He 
 lived to an old age, and died about 1845. J. B. Chartrand, John 
 Baptiste AUary and Joseph Deloge, were also pioneers of the vil- 
 lage. 
 
 The First Water Mill erected in this part of the country, was built 
 on the creek, close to the village, by the Mission of St. Sulpice, in 
 the year 1754 or '55. This mill really formed the nucleus from 
 which Prairie du Pout finally developed. 
 
 The oldest house now standing in the village, is owned by John 
 B. Lapage, and is situated on lot No. 58. It is a small, one story 
 log house, and was one of the first built in the village. A red ce- 
 dar, two feet in diameter, and about thirty iu height, stands ia the 
 rear of the house, and ante-dates the building. Locust trees, three 
 feet in diameter, also adorn the premises. 
 
 The First School taught in Prairie du Pont was in 1861, by Wm. 
 Williamson ; and the school-house was erected the same year, at a 
 cost of 1500. It is a small frame building, 1 8x30 feet, and is supplied 
 with the improved style of furniture. The village was incor- 
 porated for school purposes by an act of the legislature February 
 20, 1847 ; but no school was taught for twenty years, for the reason 
 that the revenue from the leases of the commons was not able to 
 support one. By an act of the legislature of 1875, the commis- 
 sioner of the commons is authorized to convey the lands of the 
 
M ETHOPI3T Episcopal Church,Shhoh, St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 297 
 
 commons, in fee simple, and place the proceeds at interest. The 
 principal is to be perpetual, while the interest is to be devoted en- 
 tirely to a common school fund for the use of the villagers. 
 
 The first and only justice of the peace in the precinct, or village, 
 was J. B. Vien, who at this writing is serving in the same office. 
 He was elected in 1869, and has served now twelve years. Mr. 
 Vien informed us that in all that time he had not issued to exceed 
 half-a-dozen warrants against the native French citizens of Prairie 
 du Pont. 
 
 One of the oldest roads in the state of Illinois passes through 
 the village, being the old highway between Kaskaskia and 
 Cahokia. 
 
 There are standing in the village four pear-trees, the largest of 
 which is upwards of three feet in diameter at the base. It is said 
 that they are as old as the village, and are still in good bearing 
 order. The largest has borne as high as sixty bushel of fruit in 
 one year. Tiie casual observer, in passing Mr. Peter Coding's 
 premises, where these trees are situated, would at once conclude 
 they were forest trees. The writer was shown an elm that took 
 root and grew under the following circumstances: On lot No. 14^ 
 many years ago, a log house was built, which had for a chimney 
 one of the old-fashioned mud and stick contrivances, which was 
 constructed entirely on the exterior of the building. In order to 
 keep this ungainly flue from toppling over, green elm poles were 
 thrust into the ground at the corners of the chimney. One of these, 
 from the fresh buds of the stick, took root, lived and grew, and is 
 at this writing live feet in diameter. Esquire Vien has in his pos- 
 session what is undoubtedly the stump of the flag-pole that floated 
 to the breeze the French flag when Prairie du Pont was under the 
 dominion of France. It was excavated on the ground where the 
 old fort ■ stood, on a rise overlooking the creek. The stump is of 
 red cedar, about six inches in diameter, and in a good state of pre- 
 servation. 
 
 In the south-western part of the precinct there are several Indian 
 mounds. In 1874 John Eisentrout, when plowing over one of 
 these, near Falling Spring, struck a pile of stones, and on exca- 
 vating, came across a peculiar relic. It is constructed of a hard 
 cement, and is about eighteen inches in height. The upper portion 
 represents the head of a baboon, and the body or base is in the 
 form of an ordinary bust. The vessel is hollow, with an aperture 
 at the top the size of a silver dollar. It is supposed to have been 
 constructed for a drinking jug in the days of of the mound-builders. 
 A photograph of it was put on exhibition at the Centennial in 
 Philadelphia in 1876. The relic is now in the possession of a party 
 at Belleville. 
 
 Within the memory of the oldest inhabitant the village of Prairie 
 du Pont never had a resident physician or lawyer, nor has it con- 
 tained a post-office. It now comprises about fifty inhabitants— one- 
 fifth colored population. The present business — Groceries, Provi- 
 sions and Saloon, Peter Godin; Justices of the Peace, J. B. Vien; 
 Treasurer and ex-offido- Commissioner, Peter Godln; Trustees, J oha 
 Touranjon, J. B. Lapage and Joseph Chartrand. 
 
 EAST CAEONDELET. 
 
 The village of East Carondelet is situated in the central western 
 
 part of Prairie du Pont precinct, on the line of the narrow guage 
 
 and the East St. Louis and East Carondelet railoads, and about a 
 
 quarter of a mile east of the Mississippi. The plat is in the form 
 
 of a rectangle, and lies on both sides of Prairie du Pont creek. It 
 
 was established on the Prairie du Pont common fields, in the year 
 
 1872. Andrew Donnan platted the first village lots. The same 
 
 year (1872) two additions were made to the town, onp by Donnan 
 38 . ., . . 
 
 and Henderson, the other by Christian Keoln. In 1876 another 
 addition was made by Frank Ricker. 
 
 The first house was built by J. L. Strider in 1872. It was a 
 frame building, story and a half, and used for a dwelling. The 
 first store was kept by Messrs. Green & Jackson, and was situated 
 on State Avenue, south-east of the Narrow Gauge railroad. L. G. 
 Cross was the first to establish a wagon manufactory and black- 
 smith shop. It was built in 1873, and is situated on State street, 
 near Prairie du Pont creek. Mr. Cross is still doing business on 
 the old site. The first hotel was built by Volantine Eustch, in 
 1872, and was conducted by him with satisfaction to the public 
 until 1875, when, it was destroyed by fire. F. S. Mack & Co. 
 erected the first flouring mill in 1876. It was a steam mill, four 
 story frame with stone foundation, and cost $10,000. It had three 
 run of burrs, and a capacity for grinding seventy-five barrels per 
 day. It was situated on State avenue, near the Narrow Gauge 
 railroad depot, and was destroyed by fire in 1880. The first post- 
 office was kept by S. H. Parker, in the Narrow Gauge railroad de- 
 pot. The first church was built by the Catholics in 1873. It was 
 a frame building, 40x60, and cost $3000. It was completely 
 destroyed by a wind storm, which occurred in 1876. The school- 
 house was built in 1876, at^ a cost of upwards of $1200. It is a 
 frame house, and seated with the latest improved furniture. Prior 
 to the building of this house, the school was taught in the colored 
 log church, north of the creek, not far from the Conlogue railroad ; 
 J. W. McCormic was the first teacher. James N. Carlton was elect- 
 ed first Justice of the Peace, and heard his first case in the de^jot 
 of the Narrow Gauge railway. 
 
 MEIER & CO.'S BLAST FURNACES. 
 
 The village of East Carondelet can boast of one of the largest and 
 most complete Blast Furnaces in the West, and is owned by Meier 
 & Co. of St. Louis. It is situated a little north of the village, and oc- 
 cupies one hundred acres of ground, including buildings, railway, and 
 switches. The works contain three engiues of one hundred tons weight 
 each ; two furnaces with four large Whitehall hot-air blasts to each 
 furnace. The chimney is two hundred and three and a half feet 
 high, and is said to be the tallest chimney in the United States. 
 It is twenty-eight feet in diameter at the base, and octagonal in 
 foim to the height of about twenty-five feet, where it assumes a 
 rotund shape, and gently tapers to the summit. It took nearly one 
 million bricks to complete it. The works cost upwards of two mil- 
 lion dollars, and give employment to more than three hundred 
 hands. Several car-loads of pigs are cast daily, and shipped to St. 
 L mis and other cities. The company has constructed its own stock 
 railroads to connect the works with the Mississippi river, on the 
 one side, and the C. & St. L. Narrow Gauge, and the E. St. L. & 
 E. Carondelet railways on the other. 
 
 smith's ice HOUSES. 
 
 These houses were constructed in 1880-1, and are situated on the 
 river bank, about half a mile north-west of the village. The build- 
 ing is one hundred and sixty feet square, covered with a double 
 roof, and is thirty-six feet in height. It cost $25,000, and will Jiold 
 twenty-five thousand tons of ice. 
 
 PRESENT BUSINESS. 
 
 General Merchandise.— Mchael & Son ; Henry Sopp. Clothing. 
 — Victor Sherman. 
 
 Bakery— K. Wenkler. Merchant Tailor— A. S. Jordi. Wagon 
 Maker and Blacksmith— h. G. Cross. Butcher—Fred Schwartztrau-r 
 ber. J^ysioiati—Iir. W. M, Carter. 
 
293 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Besides the above, there is a boarding house and seven saloons. 
 The village was incorporated in 1876, and the following are the 
 first officers elected : — President— Walter Murray ; Trudees — J. C. 
 Sinclair, S. H. Parker, E. D. Ankeny, J. J. Schumaker, and John 
 Ortgier. Thomas Jamison was appointed clerk. The present offi- 
 cers are — L. G. Cross, pres. ; Fred Luce, John Simons, A. Murphy, 
 B. H. Parker, and John Schumaker, trustees. J. W. McCormic, 
 clerk and police magistrate, and Samuel McGregor, marshal. 
 
 The present population of the village is about 400, and bids fair 
 some day to be one among the busy towns that shall dot the banks 
 of the Misssissippi. 
 
 FALLING SPRING. 
 
 This is one of the romantic spots in Illinois. It is situated at the 
 bluff, one mile south-east of Prairie du Pont village. It derives its 
 name from a spring that gushes out of a perpendicular rock of the 
 bluif, with a fall of sixty or seventy feet. The bluif at this point is 
 a solid wall of limestone, about one hundred and .thirty feet in 
 height. The spring flows from an orifice situated midway between 
 
 the top of the blufi" and the rocky bottom beneath. Many years 
 ago a grist mill was constructed at this point, and the water utilized 
 for a power, but no trace of it remains at this time to be seen. 
 Several years ago a hotel was built near the spring, and the place 
 was made a summer resort by the people of East St. Louis and 
 other towns. The hotel is yet standing, and is now converted into 
 a saloon. There are three fctone quariics in full blast not far 
 from the spring, and owned by the following companies:— Otto & 
 Parent, William Richards, and Henry Deering. They employ in 
 all about seventy-five men, and load on an average twenty cars per 
 day. A branch of the Conlogue railway runs to the quarries. A 
 stone-crusher dump is in process of erection here by the Vandalia 
 railroad company. We were informed by the foreman that it 
 would take about 200,000 feet of lumber to construct it, and will 
 cost, including machinery, upwards of $50,000. When in running 
 order it will employ about fifty hands, and will have the capacity to 
 crush fifty car-loads of stone per day. Although there is no town 
 here — ^nothing but boarding houses for the men — yet it presents the 
 appearance of life and business. 
 
 -tJ-B!^- 
 
 PRECINCT AND CITY OF EAST ST. LOUIS. 
 
 AST ST. LOUIS, precinct, formerly called Illi- 
 uoistown, occupies the extreme north-western 
 corner of St. Clair county, and was organized 
 as a township the 6th day of June, 1820, the 
 boundaries being as follows : Beginning at the 
 bluff on the Madison county line ; thence west 
 on said line to the Mississippi river : thence with 
 the Mississippi to the Cahokialineon the same ; 
 thence with said line eastward to the bluff; 
 thence along the bluff northward to the place of beginning. By 
 order of the county commissioners' court, September 14th, 1821, 
 Illinoistown and Cahokia were made one election precinct, with the 
 voting place at Augustus Pensoneau's residence in Cahokia. In 
 1851, Illinoistown became a separate voting precinct, and French 
 Village was named as the place of holding the election. Again, in 
 1857, it was divided into two separate parts, rtspectively called 
 Illinoistown and French Village precincts, the division line running 
 due west from south-west corner of section 15, in township No. 2, 
 north range. No. 9 west, to the north-west corner of section 21, 
 same township, thence south on the west line of section 21, to the 
 south west corner thereof, thence west on the section line to the 
 Mississippi through Cahokia precinct, from which a strip of about 
 one-half a mile in breadth is taken from the northern part and 
 annexed to Illinoistown precinct. The foregoing are the boundaries 
 that the precinct embraces at this time. In 1866, the precinct ap- 
 pears under the name of East St. Louis, and that of Illinoistown 
 
 dropped. This change of name is not made a matter of record, 
 and the presumption is that by common consent, or usage, it as- 
 sumed the name of its leading town, East St. Louis, which by a 
 vote of the people of the corporation in 1861, gave it its present 
 title At the time of its organization, a strip of heavy timber about 
 half a mile wide, extended south from the present town of Brook- 
 lyn to the village of Cahokia. What is now the city of East St. 
 Louis was mainly covered with heavy timbers of oak, walnut, elm, 
 etc., and was a favorite stamping ground for the hunter and the 
 trapper. 
 
 The first blow struck toward civilization in this vast solitude, was 
 in the year 1770, by one Richard MuCarty, familiary known in 
 those days as English McCarty. He obtained an improvement 
 right or title, to four hundred acres of land, extending on both 
 sides of Cahokia creek, and now included within the present limits 
 of East St. Louis. Here he erected a grist mill on the bank of the 
 creek, and for a time it did quite a fiourishing business, but on ac- 
 count of the banks being so easily washed away, a permanent dam 
 could not be constructed. He left the country for Canada in 1787, 
 where he died, leaving heirs to this property. The United States 
 Commissioners appointed by Congress in 1805, to pass upon claims 
 to ancient titles in Cahokia and other French villages, confirmed 
 this tract to the hoirs of McCarty. No vestige of the old mill site 
 exists at this time. Another mill was constructed in 1805, by 
 Nicholas Jarrot on the creek not far from where McCarty'a 
 mill was located. It has long since disappeared As late as 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 299 
 
 1855, the machinery was utilized in a mill at Brooklyn by Morris 
 &Son. 
 
 The oldest house, now standing in the precinct, was built by 
 Nicholas Boismeuue in 1817, and is situated about one mile south 
 of the city limits, on the road leading from what was formerly 
 called Papstown, to the village of Cahokia. It is built after the 
 old French style, with upright hewed walnut logs, and weather- 
 boarded, with porch extending around the entire building. It is 
 occupied by Joseph Boismenue, and is the oldest house in St. Clair 
 county, outside the village of Cahokia and Prairie du Pont. 
 
 The founding of the present city of East St. Louis, is due to the 
 foresight of the pioneer, Capt. James Piggott. He was an officer 
 under General Clark, who had command of the Virginia militia 
 stationed on the frontier. Capt. Piggott was one of those who 
 remained after the treaty was made in 178.3, and cast his lot with 
 the hardy pioneers of the west. At this time St. Louis was but a 
 small trading port, and Cahokia the metropolis. 
 
 No doubt Capt. Piggott's keen business perceptions led him to 
 believe, from the natural surroundings, and other advantages, that 
 in future time the little village of St. Louis would some day take 
 the lead among the few towns then settled along the Mississippi. 
 Accordingly he located a militia claim of a hundred acres on the 
 east sideof the river opposite the village of St. Louis, and by his own 
 exertions succeeded in constructing a bridge across Cahokia creek, 
 near the road leading to that village. This was in 1795. In 1797, 
 he had erected two small log cabins near the shore, where he had 
 established a rude ferry system across the river, by the consent of 
 the Spanish Commandant at St. Louis. Thus the firot ferry was 
 established, out of which grew one of the wealthiest monopolies of 
 the west. Capt. Piggott died in 1799, scarcely dreaming of the 
 magnitude his enterprise in after years would assume. 
 
 The first house of any pretensions built on the present site of 
 East St. Liuis, was erected by Etienne Pensoneau, in the year 
 1810. It was a two-story brick building, and situated on what is 
 now the corner of Main and Menard streets, in the first ward. It 
 was constructed for a dwelling, but was afterwards utilized for a 
 hotel, to afford accommodations to the immigrants, who were then 
 rapidly pushing to the frontier. It has long since passed away with 
 the things that were. 
 
 The oldest house now standing within the city limits is situated 
 in the First ward, near the corner of Second and Market streets, 
 and was built about 1818, by the " Old Man " Rail, for a dwell- 
 ing, and is still used as such. Its structure is of the primitive 
 style, with hewed logs placed upright a few inches apart, and filled 
 between with cement or mortar. The outside is weather-boarded 
 for the better protection from the winter blasts. 
 
 The following, relating to the first laid-out town in East St. 
 Louis, we gleau from Reavis' history of" The Future Great City:" 
 
 " In 1816, Etienne Pinconeau (now spelled Pensoneau), ventured 
 to lay out a town on his adjoining land, with his brick tavern on 
 the road to the ferry, thence occupied by one Simon Vanorsdal, as 
 a nucleus. He called it 'Jacksonville.' The plat of the town 
 cannot be found ; but there is a deed of record for a lot in it. It 
 bears the date 17th of March, 1815. Etienne Pinconeau and Eliza- 
 beth, his wife, by it convey to Moses Scott, merchant of St. Louis, 
 in the Missouri territory, for $150, 'all that certain tract, parcel, 
 or lot of land, being, lying, and situated in the said county of St. 
 Clair, at a place, or new town called Jacksonville, containing in 
 depth one hundred feet, and in breadth sixty feet, joining north- 
 wardly to Carroll street, facing the public square, and southwardly 
 to Coffee street.' 
 
 "Later conveyances by McKnight & Brady, merchants and land 
 
 operators at that time in St. Louis, referring to this lot of Moses 
 Scott, locate it as lot 5, in block 8, of the town of Illinois, at the 
 south-east corner of Market and Main streets. Scott at once erected 
 a store upon the lot, and at that corner conducted the first mercan- 
 tile establishment in this city. This was the only sale made of lots 
 in this ' Jacksonville.' On the 20th of January, 1816, Pinconeau 
 sold the entire tract of land he had on Cahokia creek (including 
 Jacksonville), extending in breadth from near Railroad street to 
 Piggott street, to McKnight & Brady. 
 
 "The immediate result was the consummation, by McKnight & 
 Brady, of Pinconeau's project of a new town. They platted the 
 ' Town of Illinois' upon the site of Pinconeau' s Jacksonville. They 
 re-located the public square, widened the streets and enlarged the 
 lots, and put the plat on record. They advertised and held a great 
 sale of lots in the town of Illinois. The sale took place at the auc- 
 tion-room of Thomas T. Reddick, in St. Louis, November 3d, 1817. 
 Thus was made the first record evidence of a town-plat in East 
 St. Louis." 
 
 The first railroad constructed in the state was built from Illinois- 
 town to the bluff, a distance of about six miles. It was constructed 
 in 1836, under the personal supervision and efforts of Governor 
 Reynolds, Vital Jarrot and a few others. It was expressly built 
 for the purpose of transporting coal from where it cropped out at 
 the bluff (now Pittsburg) to the St. Louis market. This was an 
 enterprise of no small dimensions at that day. They were obliged 
 to bridge over two thousand feet across Big Lake, which was per- 
 formed by driving down piles spliced together to the length of 
 eighty feet, upon which the track rested. At times they employed 
 one hundred hands, and so vigorously was the undertaking prose- 
 cuted that it was completed in one year. Thomas Winstanley was 
 the first engineer and conductor of the road ; that is, he drove the 
 mules that hauled the cars over the route. It proved a non-paying 
 investment, and in 1841 they sold out the concern to the St. Clair 
 Railroad Company. 
 
 Captain Trendley built the first school-house in 1840, and the cost 
 was $240. It was a small frame building, 14x16, and was situated 
 on the public square.' William Singleton established the first 
 church in 1845. It was of the Methodist denomination, and located 
 on Brundy street, between Second and Third. It is yet standing, 
 and is owned by the colored Baptists. The first blacksmith-shop 
 was built by Francis Delorem in 1826, and was situated on what is 
 now known as the Rock road. It was a very meagre and unpre- 
 tentious affair, but answered the wants of the people at that time. 
 
 BLOODY ISLAND. 
 
 This island was made in about 1800. Its first appearance was a 
 small sand-barj below Bissel's Point, near the Illinois shore. At 
 this angle in the course of the Mississippi, the force of the current 
 gradually wore into the mainland, and left a corresponding deposit 
 upon the bar extending southward. In course of time this bar 
 developed into a considerable island, with half the river flowing 
 between it and the Illinois shore. The first to inhabit it was a man 
 by the name of Duncan, who built a small log house within its soli- 
 tude, and lived there for some time afterwards. The exact date of 
 his location is not known. The next to settle here was a Mr. 
 Lindsey, in 1842,- who built two or three little shanties, and kept a 
 small dairy and garden. He named his place " Hoboken Garden." 
 The island now constitutes the Third ward of the city. The early 
 history of the island is stained with human blood ; hence the name. 
 Bloody Island. I^or several years it was not definitely established 
 to which shore the island belonged. It was therefore considered 
 neutral gtoundj and was the favorite resort for settling differences 
 
300 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 by mortal combat, according to the then prevailing code of honor. 
 The first duel fought here was in 1817, between Col. Thomas H. 
 Benton and Judge Charles Lucas. Col. Benton was the challeng- 
 ing party. Their differences grew out of harsh invectives employed 
 by them in the trial of a case in which they were opposing attorneys. 
 This challenge Judge Lucas declined, on the plea that he would 
 not respond in deadly combat for words uttered in a professional 
 capacity. They, however, met afterwards, in the same year, when 
 the duel was fought, and Lucas was the unfortunate victim. 
 
 In 1823, another duel occurred, between Thomas C. Rector and 
 Joshua Barton, United States District Attorney. The trouble 
 grew out of a newspaper attack made by Barton against Gen. Wm. 
 E-ector, brother of Thomas C. Rector. They met June 30th, in the 
 above-named year, when Barton fell and died shortly afterward. 
 The most disastrous meeting was between Maj. Thomas Biddle and 
 Hon. Spencer Pettis, both of St. Louis, and ^occurred the 27th of 
 Aug., 1830. The trouble was engendered in the heated political can- 
 vass of that year. Maj. Biddle was the challenged party, and hav- 
 ing the choice of distance, named five paces, on account of his being 
 shortsighted. At the giving of the word, they wheeled and fired 
 simultaneously. They both fell mortally wounded. Capt. Trendley 
 was an eye-witness to this sad affair, and helped to convey the body 
 of Pettis to St. Charles county. Mo., where it was buried. The 
 name. Bloody Island, having many unpleasant recollections con- 
 nected with its memory, has long since been dropped, and is now 
 simply known as "The Island." 
 
 THE FLOODS. 
 
 No place in the United States has had more to contend with to 
 prevent its growth and prosperity than the city of East St. Louis. 
 Nothing but the natural advantages of being situated opposite the 
 great city of St. Louis, and the indomitable perseverance of its inha- 
 bitants, have kept it from perishing from the earth long ago. What 
 with numerous floods and the encroachment of the river upon the 
 banks, it has nearly yielded up its existence several times to the 
 fates that be. The first flood that did damage to the little hamlet 
 of Illinoistown occurred in 1826. The town was inundated to the 
 depth of several feet, and the malarial fevers that followed nearly 
 depopulated the village. It, however, struggled ibr txisteiice, and 
 up to 1844 had gradually increased to a town of cons'derable 
 thrift and importance, when the most vital stroke it ever received 
 almost blotted it from existence. The flood which occurred in 
 June of that year inundated the American Bottoms so that large 
 steamers plied from bluff to bluff. But few of the houses of Illi- 
 noistown were to be seen above the water, while no dry land was 
 observable for miles toward the eastern bluff, except a few mounds 
 and high knolls to the east and south of the village. So complete 
 was the destruction that the town never recoverd from it until the 
 general centralizing of the railroads at this point about fifteen years 
 ago. It is said at the time of this flood that the fcteanier, called 
 " Little Bee," plied between the city of St. Louis and the coal mines 
 on the bluffs at Pittsburg, the captain of which, if living at this 
 time, would be presented with a medal from the " Humane Society," 
 for being the most tender-hearted man on the continent. When 
 the rush of waters came, a sow and her brood took refuge on the 
 top of a mound, situated not far from the farm now owned by Abra- 
 ham Jones, south-east of the city. The captain of the Little Bee 
 stopped his steamer at this point every day, and gave the refugees 
 a bountiful supply of food for their wants. Thus were the lives of 
 the porkers preserved until the flood receded. Mr Abraham Jones 
 tells us of keeping a dairy at this time of eighty cows on Gov. Rey- 
 nolds* farm, near the bluff, and marketing the milk in the city of 
 
 St. Louis. The flood came and he was cut off from his customers. 
 He remedied this, however, by loading his cows on a flat boat, and 
 conveying them to St. Louis, where he remained until the river was 
 again witliin its banks. The floods of 1851-8, and 1862, did much 
 demage to the town, and for a time nearly disheartened the people, 
 the details of which would fill a volume. The erection of the dikes, 
 which will be noticed in the proper place, have been auxiliary in 
 protecting the city from subsequent overflows. 
 
 The outline of the city of East St. Louis is in the form of an ir- 
 regular pentagon, and acquired its present limits in time and man- 
 ner as follows : Illinoistown was laid out by McKnight and Brady, 
 May 14, 1818. Rsavis, in his history of "The Future Great 
 City," places the date as 1817 ; but the records at Belleville show 
 that the former is the correct date. Illinois City was formerly a 
 part of the Cahokia Commons, and was laid out by the Cahokians 
 in the fall of 1818. John Hays, John Hay, and Francois Turcott 
 were appointed commissioners to plat and name the new town by 
 the inhabitants of Cahokia, which proceedings were legalized and 
 confirmed by a special act of Congress in 1820. It became a part 
 ofthecity in May, 1875. The towns of St. Clair and East St. 
 Louis, the Ferry divisions, the Oebike and Kase addition, are also 
 included within the city limits. The city obtained its charter by a 
 special act of the Legislature in the spring of 1865. The charter 
 was prepared by J. B. Bowman and S. M. Lount, under the direc- 
 tion of a committee of the town council. At the first election Hon. 
 J. B. Bowman was elected Mayor. The following named officers 
 were elected aldermen : First ward, Michael Murphy and John 
 O'Connell ; Second ward, James S. Hazen and Henry Schall ; 
 Third ward, Capt. John Trendley and J. B- Lovingston. Wm. G. 
 Kase was elected City judge. 
 
 As will be seen from the above, the city was divided into three 
 wards. It is now divided into four wards, bounded as follows : The 
 first ward includes all the territory extending east from Cahokia 
 creek to the city limits, and south of Broadway. TheSecf^nd ward 
 lies between Broadway and Illinois avenue, and extends from Ca- 
 hokia creek east to Tenth street. The Third ward includes all the 
 territory lying between Cahokia creek and the middle of the Mis- 
 sissippi, and the city limits north and south. The Fourth ward em- 
 braces all the territory lying north of Illinois avenue and east of 
 Cahokia creek to the city limits including Illinois City. 
 
 At this writing, March 21, 1881, the following are the city 
 officers : 
 
 Maurice Joyce, mayor ; James Shanon, clerk ; John W. Ren- 
 shaw, marshal. Aldermen : First Ward — John C. Prottsraan and 
 Earnest W. Wider. Second Ward— Thomas Hanifan and John J. 
 McLean. Third Ward— Patrick H. O'Brien and Henry Sackmann. 
 Fourth Ward— Levi Baugh, Jr., and James J. Rafter. These 
 constitute the officers and members of the sixteenth Board of Al- 
 dermen of the city since its incorporation. 
 
 There is no city of its size in the United States that has the rail- 
 road facilities of East St. Louis. No less than eleven roads, by 
 the conditions of their charters, terminate here, which are as 
 follows: The Chicago and Alton; Indianapolis and St. Louis; 
 Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific ; Rockford, Rock Island and St. 
 Louis, now known as the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road: 
 St. Louis. Vandalia and Terre Haute (Vandalia Line) ; Ohio and 
 Mississippi; St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute; (Cairo Short Line) ; 
 Louisville and Nashville, f rmerly St. Louis and South Eastern 
 railway; Cairo and St. Louis; East St. Louis and Carondelet; 
 Illinois and St. Louis; Union Railway and Transit Company. 
 The latter was organized in East St. Louis in 1874, and a like 
 organization was also effected in St. Louis under the laws of Mis- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 301 
 
 souri. These, united, act as agents for the Illinois and St. Louis 
 Bridge Company in transferring cars and merchandise from city to 
 city. All of the above roads centre at the Relay depot, except the 
 Cairo and St. Louis railway. 
 
 The city contains several miles of excellent paved streets; the 
 following are macadamized entire: Dyke avenue, Front street, 
 Broadway and Main streets, CoUinsville, Missouri and Illi- 
 nois avenues, and Market street. Fourth and Summit streets and 
 St. Clair avenue are partly graded and macadamized. There 
 has been some agitation upon the question of adopting a 
 high-grade system of building and paving the city. The cost 
 would necessarily place a heavy indebtedness upon the people, but 
 the reward would undoubtedly more than recompense them for the 
 outlay. The health and future prosperity of the city hang upon 
 this improvement. We predict that it is only a question of time 
 when the people will with one accord act upon this line of policy. 
 
 WIGGINS* FERRY AND THE BRIDGE. 
 
 Believing that no more complete history of the above could 
 be given than that rendered by Dr. Isaac N. Piggott before the 
 Literary and Historical Society of East St. Louis, in August, 1871, 
 ■we take the liberty to give our readers an extract : 
 
 " From the commencement of the ferry, it was carried on under 
 the immediate supervision of Piggott, until the 20th of February, 
 1799, when he died, leaving his wife the executrix of his will. She 
 first rented the ferry to Dr. Wallis for the year 1801-2 ; then to 
 
 Adams for the year 1803-4. This Adams was the husband 
 
 of the distinguished Sarah Adams, of Duncan's Island notoriety. 
 About this time the widow of Piggott married Jacob Collard, and 
 removed from Illinois to St. Louis. Before leaving she leased the 
 ferry to John Campbell, for ten years. This Campbell proved 
 treacherous, and procured a license for a ferry in his own name 
 during the time of the lease ; and hence, for a short, time, it was 
 called " Campbell's Ferry." But after a lawsuit, Campbell and 
 confederates were beaten, and the ferry re-established to the Piggott 
 heirs, one of whom, assisted by men named Solomon, Blundy and 
 Porter, operated the ferry until part of the heirs sold out to 
 McKnight & Brady. The other heirs of Piggott conveyed to 
 Samuel Wiggins their share of the ferry. He soon succeeded in 
 buying out his competitors, and thus obtained the whole ferry, which 
 he afterwards superintended in person." 
 
 This was in 1818. The following spring Mr. Wiggins was 
 authorized by an act of the legislature to establish a ferry on the 
 Mississippi adjacent to his lands, near the town of Illinois. This 
 act also provided that Samuel Wiggins should have the right to 
 one mile of the shore extending along the river bank at this point. 
 Capt. Piggott's means of transportation was a rude aifair, com- 
 posed of canoes or " dug-outs," lashed together, over which was 
 constructed a platform convenient for storage. The propelling 
 power was by means of paddles or sweeps. Wiggins, however, 
 soon improved upon this mode of conveyance, by building a fair- 
 sized ferry-boat, and propelling it by horse-power, until 1828, when 
 the first steam terry-boat was launched upon the river, and called 
 the "St. Clair." In 1832 another boat, the "Ibex," was put on 
 the line," and on account of the increase of business, and therefore 
 a demand for capital, Mr. Wiggins sold an interest in the ferry to 
 several parties, thus forming a joint-stock company. In 1853 they 
 obtained further privileges by an act of the legislature, and the 
 business grew and prospered beyond the most sanguine expectation. 
 To this enterprise is largely due the growth and prosperity of East 
 St. Louis. Since the completion of the St. Louis and Illinois 
 bridges the business of the ferry has necessarily diminished to some 
 
 extent, but at this time the possession of ferry stock is by no means 
 a poor investment. 
 
 The construction of the bridge was commenced in the spring of 
 1869, and was completed in June, 1874. It was formally dedi- 
 cated to the public on the 4th of July following. Its total length, 
 including arches and abutments, is 2,046 feet, and is connected with 
 the Union depot in St. Louis by means of a tunnel, 4,866 feet in 
 length. The cost of the bridge and tunnel was nearly $13,000,000. 
 The sura total of the weight of metal in its construction is upwards 
 of 5,000 tons. On the top of the arches is a roadway for the con- 
 venience of vehicles and foot-passengers, while underneath rolls 
 the merchandise and human freight from the Atlantic and Pacific 
 coasts. For a more complete history of the bridge and the railroads 
 see chapter on Internal improvements. 
 
 We glean the following history relating to the construction of 
 
 THE DIKES 
 
 from Reavis' History of East St. Louis : Before the advent of the 
 great flood of 1844, the channel of the Mississippi opposite the 
 city of St. Louis, though uncertain and troubled with shifting bars, 
 was never seriously threatened with destruction. Thereafter bars 
 formed from the head of Bloody Island, then a little further north 
 than now, to the Missouri shore, almost entirely closing the channel 
 washing the St. Louis shore. The whole current of the river, and 
 the only available and safe channel betvveen St. Louis and the 
 town of Illinois, was between the Island and the town of Illinois, 
 Under the greatest of difficulties only, and by circuitous routes, 
 could boats at all land at the St. Louis levee. Navigation then 
 being the chief, if not the only means of communication between 
 commercial points and from a common centre, as St. Louis then 
 was growing to be, was the mainstay of the importance, present 
 and prospective, of that city. Realizing this fact, public meetings 
 were held, at which the terrible fate of St. Louis was the subject of 
 consideration. 
 
 In 1847 ordinances were passed by the city council of St. Louis, 
 appropriating money, and directing work to be undertaken on the 
 Illinois shore, as the only means of salvation. Nothing less than a 
 permanent dike across the then principal channel of the Missis- 
 sippi to the east of Bloody Island, promised sure relief. This, of 
 course, meant destruction to the harbor of the town of Illinois, and 
 its ferry landings on the main shore. Alton, then a rival of St. 
 Louis, calculated that what was to the disadvantage of St. Louis 
 was ipso facto a benefit to Alton. The feeble complaints of the 
 Town of Illinois were fanned into a flame of fearful excitemeut. 
 The laborers upon the dike about being built by St. Louis across the 
 eastern channel of the river, were driven away by force. Cannons 
 were planted upon the banks, the state militia turued out, and thus 
 state sovereignty and Alton policy were victorious, for a time, 
 at least. 
 
 In 1848, an injunction was sworn out in the St. Clair Circuit 
 Court, enjoining the authorities of St. Louis against any attempt to 
 re-open like projects. Early in 1849, the legislature of Illinois 
 was waited upon by a large delegation from St. Louis, and after 
 due consideration, becoming a question of such magnitude and im- 
 portance, by a joint resolution, it granted to the city of St. Louis 
 for the fullest possible relief, all the authority necessary for the 
 construction of cross and wing-dikes upon the Illinois shore oppo- 
 site, so as to thoroughly protect and secure its harbor, with this 
 provise, that St. Louis should construct upan some of these dikes, 
 roadways, especially upon the main dike aero s to the to-be-closed 
 channel of the Mississippi from the Illinois main shore to and across 
 Bloody Island. 
 
302 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLII^OIS. 
 
 Under this enactmeat, the work pushed rapidly to completion, 
 so that in the spring of 1851, the main dike was finished except 
 the road upon the embankment. It was built of rock throughout, 
 and for a large part of the way, in the channel to be closed, in 
 more than forty feet of water ; but strong as it was, the fearful 
 flood of that year swept the most of it away In the fall, however, 
 another dike was projected which was situated a fourth of a mile 
 north and nearly parallel with the former dike. This was finished 
 in 1856, and cost $175,000. It is still standing as a monument to 
 the perseverance and genius of its builders. Thus the channel on 
 the east side of the river was diverted from it course, and the pier 
 of St. Louis re-established. Other dikes have since been con- 
 structed, and the city is now comparatively safe from future inun- 
 dations. 
 
 FIEE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Ead St. Louis Fire Company, No. 1, was organized in 
 December 1872. Its first oiBcers were as follows : William O'Neill, 
 president ; Charles Hauss, vice-president ; James W. Kirk, secre- 
 tary ; John V. Tefft, treasurer ; Benedict Franz, captain ; Adolphe 
 Donard, first engineer ; John Easton, second engineer. The com- 
 pany was furnished with the largest kind of Babcock engine, on 
 trucks, and was supplied with 500 feet of hose. 
 
 Island Fire Company, No. 1, was organized November 25th, 
 1874. The officers elected in 1875 were : Nicolas Colgan, presi- 
 dent ; Wm. L. Johnson, vice-president ; Maurice F. Tissier, secre- 
 tary ; Geo. W. Shields, assistant-secretary ; Adolphus Lovingston, 
 treasurer ; Henry Sackmann, captain ; John Keiflin, lieutenant. 
 We are informed that since 1878, these companies have partially 
 disbanded. 
 
 PEIZE-FIGHTING. 
 
 This was quelled in 1873, through the united efforts of the city 
 and county authorities. Much is due to the prompt efforts of 
 Captain Kenshaw, chief of police, Ex-Mayor Bowman, Michael 
 Walsh, and the then sheriff of the county. The warrants were 
 sworn out by Captain Renshaw, the ringleaders were arrested, and 
 the whole gang bound over to await the action of the Grand Jury. 
 This wholesale onslaught and determined action on the part of the 
 authorities, had the effect of breaking up the clan, since which 
 time there have been no attempts to revive the prize-ring once so 
 formidable in this part of the West. 
 
 STREET RAILWAY. 
 
 The permit for the construction of this railway was obtained by 
 city ordinance in 1872. The company was duly organized with 
 Harry Elliott as president, and Thomas AVinstanley, manager. 
 By the conditions of the charter the company was authorized to 
 build the road with single or double tracks, and all necessary 
 switches for the convenience of the road. The first line of rail 
 extended from Bowman's Dike, near the levee, to the corner of 
 Missouri and Collinsville Avenues. Its terminus is now at the 
 approach of the National Stock Yards on St. Clair Avenue. It 
 contains upwards of two miles of track, and cost, including rolling 
 stock, etc , about $20,000. It is at this writing under the special 
 management of Mr. Winstanley, who, by giving the enterprise his 
 main attention, is labouring to make it a convenience to the public 
 and a profit to the company. 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 This noble enterprise was created under a city ordinance. July 
 16, 1872. It was organized August 13, 1872, and opened to the 
 public February 5, 1874. 
 
 The following is gleaned from the publithed report, made by 
 
 R. Lee Barrowman in 1876: The total number of persons enrolled 
 and furnished with cards is 495, which are in constant daily use. 
 The total number of volumes on hands are 4,437 ; of this number 
 433 are in the German language, 3 in the French, 9 in the Spanish, 
 and 1 in the Hebrew. The number purchased was 1,409. The 
 number of books donated was 67, pamphlets, 37. The percentage 
 of the circulation is as follows : Novels, 69 ; historical and miscel- 
 laneous, 20 ; juveniles, 11. 
 
 The library also contains eighty-nine American newspapers and pe- 
 riodicals, among which are (dailies) Philadelphia, Times, Baltimore 
 Sun, [Boston Post, Chicago Times, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 
 New York Herald, Cincinnati Enquirer, etc. ; (weeklies) Apple- 
 ton's Journal, Irish World, Danbury News, and many others ; 
 (monthlies) Aldine, Atlantic Monthly, Harper's and Scribner's 
 Magazines, and twenty-seven other first-class journals. 
 
 There are fourteen British publications, and nine German, 
 among which we find the following : London Times (daily), Dublin 
 Nation, Blackwood's Magazine, London Quarterly Review, Edin- 
 burgh Review, St. Louis Westliche Daily Post, Berliner 
 Kladderadatsch, and the Ueber Land und Meer. 
 
 The whole number of visitors attending the rooms were 30,954, 
 making an average daily attendance of 86. The attendance on 
 Sunday was upon an average twenty-five per cent, more than 
 upon other days of the week, although open only from 2 p.m. 
 to 10 P.M. The number of books loaned out in the time was 
 12,924 volumes, making a daily average of 36 volumes. 
 
 Mr. Barrowman in the closing of his report gives the following 
 gratifying information : " An extra and successful effort has been 
 made to bring within the influence of the Library, the many boys 
 and youth who stroll about our streets during evening hours. Let 
 me here state the result. They were first kindly invited to come to 
 the Library, and by supplying them with such books and papers as 
 they took an interest in, they were thus induced to continue and 
 renew their visits. There were some unruly ones among them, but 
 by reproof, and expelling some of the worst, the others have re- 
 mained, and at present are as well behaved as any that attend the 
 library and give promise of becoming useful and bright members 
 of society." And we will add, may the Reading Rooms of East 
 St. Louis ever exist and grow in importance and influence to the 
 last generation. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The first interment made within what is now the city limits, was 
 on survey No. 116, in the First ward, where the Pittsburg railway 
 crosses said survey. This was abandoned after the flood of 1844, 
 on account of the liability to overflow. Many a ghastly skeleton, 
 by that flood, was washed from its resting place, to meet the gaze, 
 perhaps, of the friends that had but a short time ago followed it to 
 its lonely abode. To make secure from further disasters of the kind 
 the inhabitants selected for their burial place the old Indian mound, 
 then situated between what is now Collinsville avenue and Fourth 
 street, and at the foot of Ohio avenue. It is said that the Indians 
 had used it for centuries, so far as any one knew to the contrary, for 
 a place of burying their dead. The mound was about four hundred 
 feet in diameter at the base, and forty feet in altitude from summit 
 to base. At that time (1844) and for years afterward it was covered 
 mostly with heavy oak timber. In 1871-2, it was removed and the 
 earth utilized to fill up a slough in the Second ward, and to make 
 the ground at the south-east round-house. Nothing but a vacant 
 lot now marks the spot. When the earth was removed, human 
 bones and many kinds of shells were found to the depth of thirty 
 feet. These were no doubt the remains and trinkets ofapre-historic 
 
HISTORY 01 ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 303 
 
 race, called mound builders. The most of the remains of those who 
 had beeu buried in our own times, were cared for by their friends 
 and conveyed to the new cemetery. For mouths, however, a grin- 
 ning sliull might have been seen peering from the fresh cut bank of 
 the mound at the passer-by, and so close to the street that the iiand 
 of the pedestrian could touch it as he passed. 
 
 The city at this time contains two cemeteries, both situated in 
 Fourth ward, not far from the National Stock Yards. These were 
 laid off for grave-yard?, when the Cahokians first established Illinois 
 city ; but were not used as such until about fifteen years ago. 
 
 THE NATIONAL STOCK YARDS. 
 
 Prior to 1845, the live stock trade of St. Louis was carried on at 
 what was formerly known as Papstown or New Brighton, and sit- 
 uated in the south-eastern portion of the present city of East St. 
 Louis. About this time yards were established on the west bide of 
 the river at St. Louis. Here the business was conducted until the 
 opening of the National Stock Yards on the east side of the 
 river in 1873. The subject of constructing these yards was mooted as 
 early as 1871. The agitation of the question culminated by the united 
 efiTorts of several prominent Eastern and Western capitalists, who 
 proceeded at once to purchase six hundred and fifty acres of land 
 on the east side of the river near the city limits of East St. Louis. 
 In July, 1872, mutual covenants were entered into between the 
 company and the city authorities. The former were to construct a 
 hotel to cost not less than $100,000, and to contain commission 
 offices, brokers' offices, telegraph and post-offices, with all modern 
 conveniences for transacting business. The stock yards were to ex- 
 ceed in completeness and magnitude any institution of the kind in 
 the United States. 
 
 The city on its part covenanted to refrain from infringing, by 
 constructing streets, or any city improvements whatsoever upon the 
 survey, No. 627, and owned by said company. To all of which 
 was attached the city seal and signature of A. M. Allerton, 
 manager and attorney of the company. The yards were 
 opened for business- in the fall of 1873. One hundred out of six 
 hundred and fifty acres purchased, are enclosed and laid out with 
 all the convenient appurtenances of a first-class live stock market. 
 The form of the enclosure is a rectangle and describes nearly a 
 square. It is laid by avenues which intersect each other at right 
 angles. Four of these avenues extend entirely through the enclo- 
 sure from east to west. The floors of the yard are paved with stone, 
 and the sheds are comfortable and well arranged for the conve- 
 nience of stock. The arrangements for receiving and shipping the 
 same are complete. No less than seventy cars can be loaded and un- 
 loaded at the same time. It contains one mile of cattle pens, which 
 can accommodate upwards of 10,000 head of cattle. The hog and 
 sheep houses are models of convenience and cleanliness. Over the 
 entrance to the hog-house is inscribed the words, " Hotel de Hog,'' 
 and of the sheep house, " Hotel de Sheep." The hog-house is eleven 
 hundred and twenty-two feet in length, and capable of accommo- 
 dating upwards of 20,000 head. The sheep-house is upwards of 
 five hundred feet in length, by a hundred in width, and has the ca- 
 pacity of holding, if necessary, 10,000 head. The stable is a fine 
 building, two hundred and eighty-five feet long, by eighty wide, 
 and fitted with stalls for the accommodation of three hundred head 
 of horses. The racks and mangers are constructed of iron ; the 
 former are supplied with hay by wooden cylinders, and the stalls 
 are well arranged for drainage. There are two hog barns, and each 
 has a capacity to hold eleven hundred tons of hay and fifteen 
 thousand bushels of corn. At the approach of the yards from the 
 south-east, on St. Clair avenue, is situated the " Allerton House," 
 
 a magnificent building of brick with free-stone facings, and all the 
 belongings of first-class material. It is two hundred and fifty feet 
 in length, by one hundred and forty in breadth, and has one hundred 
 rooms for the accommodation of guests. Tliere is a telegraph com- 
 munication with the exchange building, and every other conve- 
 nience to the drovers or traders. Itscost, including furniture, was 
 upwards of $150,000. 
 
 The Exchange Building is centrally situated, and conveniently 
 arranged for the transaction of all business connected with the 
 yards. It is a large brick building, plain in architecture, and three 
 stories in height, including basement. In the north wing of the 
 latter are the offices of the railroad stock agents, and in the center 
 and south wing are a bar, billiard hall and refreshment room. 
 The first floor is occupied by the officers of the yard company, 
 bank and commission firms. On the second floor is situated the 
 telegraph office, printing office, etc. 
 
 The Stock Yards Bank, situated in this building, is one of the 
 important features of the concern. It materially facilitates the 
 business of all who have transactions at the yards, its daily business 
 aggregating upwards of $300,000. 
 
 The water-works of the yards are situated on the east bank of 
 Cahokia creek, near the packing houses. Along the avenues are 
 placed watch-boxes, each containing a hydrant and fire-hose, and so 
 arranged as to cover any fire with one or two hydrants. The tank- 
 house is a substantial building seventy feet in height, and contains 
 three tubs, each thirty-two feet in diameter by thirty feet deep, and 
 capable of holding 600,000 gallons of water. The total expendi- 
 ture in establishing the yards, including lands, buildings, etc., is 
 upwards of a million and a half dollars. They are complete in 
 every arrangement, and the rapidity with which stock can be trans- 
 ferred from the Missouri side to the yards, or from point to point, is 
 a matter that every shipper is interested in, as "time is money * 
 to the live business men. Hon. Isaac H. Knox, vice-president and 
 manager for the company, is the right man in the right place. He 
 is a clear-headed business man, combined with affableness and rare 
 executive ability. Under his management the business has mate- 
 rially increased, and become one of the most important stock mark- 
 ets in the country. The following is a table showing the receipts of 
 the yards since their opening : 
 
 
 Cars. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Horses. 
 
 1874- 
 
 -17,264 
 
 234,002 
 
 498,840 
 
 41,407 
 
 2,235 
 
 1875- 
 
 -13,938 
 
 232,183 
 
 181,708 
 
 46,316 
 
 2,385 
 
 1876- 
 
 -18,052 
 
 234,671 
 
 333,560 
 
 84,034 
 
 2,616 
 
 1877- 
 
 -24,342 
 
 322,571 
 
 425,389 
 
 119,165 
 
 2,366 
 
 1878- 
 
 -31,003 
 
 317,830 
 
 833,446 
 
 82,549 
 
 2,534 
 
 1879- 
 
 -85,641 
 
 333,155 
 
 1,163,748 
 
 99,951 
 
 4,338 
 
 1880- 
 
 -38,294 
 
 346,533 
 
 1,262,234 
 
 129,611 
 
 5,963 
 
 OTHER BUSINESS AT THE YARDS. 
 
 St. Louis Beef Canning Company.— Th\s company was organized 
 in the fall of 1876, with a capital of $200,000, and promises to be 
 in time the largest establishment of the kind on either continent. 
 It is situated on St. Clair avenue, and occupies eight acres of ground. 
 The main building is 324x100 feet, and four stories high. The 
 slaughter house is 240x76 feet, two stories high, and is adjoined to 
 the main building. The warehouse is also two stories in height, 
 and 176x100 feet on the ground. In addition to these there is an 
 engine room 60x61, tank-house 76x.30, and smoke-house 24x60. 
 The establishment furnishes employment to nearly one thousand 
 persons, two-fifths of whom are boys and girls. One thousand head 
 of cattle are slaughtered daily, and the annual value of manufac- 
 tured products is between four and five millions of dollars. Hon. 
 Isaac H. Knox is president of the company, but the establishment 
 
304 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 is under the immediate supervision of Mr. Patterson, secretary and 
 treasurer. 
 
 Eiist St. Louis Packing and Provigion Company. — This enterprise 
 ■was established in 1873, under the firm name of W. E. Richardson 
 & Co , and merged into a stock company in 1875. The grounds, 
 on which this packing house stands, contain ten acres, seven of 
 which are covered with the buildings. They are mainly three 
 stories in height, and all of them are constructed of brick. It is 
 one of the most extensive packing houses in the West, and when 
 worked to its full capacity, gives employment to seven hundred 
 men. The nominal capacity of the works is 8,000 hogs per day, 
 and the value of its annual shipments is from three to five millions 
 of dollars. It is under the efficient management of D. L. Quirk, 
 president, and VV. E. Richardson, vice-president. 
 
 FrawAs Whitaker & Sons. — This packing house was erected in 
 1877, at the expense of upwards of $100,000. The main building 
 is 185x185 feet, and is three and a half stories high, with a cellar 
 under the entire building. A tank-house 80x90 feet joins the main 
 building, and adjacent to the former is the slaughter-house, 30x60 
 feet. Beijides these there are eight pen-houses, all under one roof, 
 120x120 feet, and a platform packing apartment 40x185 feet The 
 average capacity of the house is 3,000 hogs per day, and employs 
 about three hundred hands. 
 
 North- Western Fertilizing Company. — This is a branch establish- 
 ment of a well-known Chicago firm. The works commenced ope- 
 rations here in the fall of 1877. The building is a frame structure, 
 and covers one acre of ground. The machinery of the factory is 
 run by a one hundred-horse power engine. Fifty hands are em- 
 ployed daily to conduct the works. It has the capacity of manu- 
 iacturing, annually, 15,000 tons of fertilizer, which, when thrown 
 upon the market, will bring upwards of $400,000. Within the 
 last year the company has added machinery for the purpose of 
 manufacturing " Plant-Food," specially adapted for house plants 
 and lawn use, on account of its being entirely odorless. Large 
 quantities of both the Fertilizer and Plant- Food find a demand in 
 the eastern markets- 
 
 McCarthy Live Stock and Packing Company, situated on the cor- 
 ner of Provision street and the plank road. The building was 
 erected in 1877-8, by Arch. Allen, but is now owned by F. G. 
 Rowe, and the business is conducted by John McCarthy. The 
 building is a snug two-story brick, and with the attachments, covers 
 nearly an acre of ground. It has the capacity of slaughtering and 
 packing daily 1000 head of hogs and fifty head of cattle. It gives 
 employment to twenty men. 
 
 St. Louis Carbon Works. — These works were established in 1875 
 at a cost of $40,000, and are situated on the National Stock Yards 
 railroad. They were first known as the " Western Fertilizing and 
 Chemical Works," and in 1878 again changed the name to 
 " Keeler's Carbon Works." They afterwards assumed the former 
 title, and are so-called at this time. The company owns three acres 
 of ground, upon which the factory is situated. The building is a 
 frame, 150 by 300 feet, the main portion of which is two stories 
 high. The machinery consists of a fifty horse power engine, a bone 
 mill and bone kiln. It manufactures from five to six thousand tons 
 of bone yearly, and employs from thirty to forty hands. The an- 
 nual manufactured product is upwards of $600,000. Max Dittrich 
 is the superintendent of the works. 
 
 Carey's Beef and Pork Packing House is situated on Provision 
 street, and north of McCarthy's packing house. It was established 
 by Richard Carey, sole owner and proprietor, in the year 1880, at 
 a cost of $10,000. The building is a snug two-story house, with 
 
 stone basement, the upper portion being bailt of brick, and in size 
 is 48 by 55 feet. There is also a boiler and tank-house, 30 by 40 
 feet, which is detached from the main building. This is also built 
 of brick, and is two stories in height. When worked to its full ca- 
 pacity, it can pack 600 hogs and 100 beeves daily, and gives em- 
 ployment to forty persons. 
 
 St. Lo.is Rendering Works. Levi Baugh, jr., proprietor. These 
 were established in 1872, and located on the east side of Provision 
 street and the Stock Yards railway. The building is a frame two- 
 story strucfure, 68 by 80 feet on the ground floor, with a side room 
 for cooling purposes 16 by 30 feet. The engine-room, attached to 
 the main building on the north, is 30 by 30 feet. The cost of the 
 works was $2,500, and they give employment to about twelve men. 
 The establishment, under the eflScient management of Mr. Baugh, 
 is capable of rendering 150 hogs and 50 beeves per day. 
 
 George Mulrow & Company, Pork Packers. — This institution is 
 situated between the East St. Louis Packing House and the Na- 
 tional Stock Yards enclosure, and was established in 1880. The 
 building is a frame, two stories, and 50 by 150 feet in size, and cost, 
 including machinery, etc., $3,000. It has the capacity of slaughter- 
 ing and packing 303 hogs per day, and employs on an average 
 fourteen hands. James Lillay, foreman. 
 
 Baugh's Catch Basin, is situated just across Cahokia creek, out- 
 side of the limits of the Stock Yards. It was constructed in 1880, 
 at an expense of about $600, and is utilized to catch the superfluous 
 grease that escapes through the sewer from the packing houses. 
 Formerly the sewer opened into Cahokia creek, but the city authori- 
 ties made complaint ; hence at this point a flume was built across 
 the creek, and Mr. Baugh erected this basin. It is 30 by 40 feet in 
 size, and contains eight vats, four on each side. Here the water is 
 retained and cooled, when the grease floats, it is skimmed from 
 the surface and deposited in barrels arranged for that purpose. 
 When the packing houses are all in full blast, from fifteen to 
 twenty barrels of grease are caught daily. 
 
 St. Clair Rendering Company. — This institution is owned and 
 operated by M. E. Richardson and Capt. Clubb, and is situated on 
 St. Clair avenue, between the National Stock Yards and the town 
 of Brooklyn. It was established in the spring of 1880 by Rogers 
 & MuUholl, and passed into the hands of the present proprietors 
 the fall following. The main building is two stories high, frame, 
 and in size 76 by 76 feet, and cost, including necessary machinery, 
 $5,000. It has the capacity of pressing ten tons of tank stuflT, and 
 drying one ton of blood daily, besides rendering three hundred and 
 fifty hogs per week. It employs on an average fifteen hands, and 
 manufactures $100,000 worth of products annually. Foreman, 
 Wm. H. Courtney. 
 
 CITY MANUFACTURES. 
 
 St. Louis Bolt and Iron Company. — This is the largest manufac- 
 turing establishment in the city, and is situated near the Cairo 
 Short Line railroad. The oflScers of the company are T. A. Mey.-en- 
 burg, president; O. W. Meysenburg, superintendent; Geo. S. Ed- 
 gell, treasurer. The works contain six puddling furnaces, three 
 heating, six spike, and two bolt furnaces. Besides all the necessary 
 machinery peculiar to the works, such as planers, lathes, etc. 
 Street rails, T rails, bolts and spikes are made a specialty of manu- 
 facture by the company. The works are in operation day and 
 night, the laborers being divided into two sets or watches. These 
 works employ about one hundred and fifty men, and have the ca- 
 pacity of manufacturing daily forty tons of finished iron, ten tons of 
 railroad spikes, and several thousand strap or trace bolts. From 
 three to four thousand dollars are paid to the employees every two 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 305 
 
 weeks. The company own two and-a-half acres of ground and two 
 railroad switches where the works are situated. The products are 
 shipped to points both east and west. 
 
 Grape, Sugar, and Glucose Works, 0. W. Heyer & Co., proprie- 
 tors. These works are situated in the Third ward, on the river 
 front, and were erected in 1869 by Brotherton & Morse for milling 
 purposes. The present company purchased the property and re- 
 modelled the building suitable to their wants. They commenced 
 operations of manufacture in the spring of 1875. The present fac- 
 tory, as remodelled, is made up of three departments or buildings. 
 The main building, or manufactory proper, is four stories high, and 
 45 feet square. The engine house is 20 by 36 feet, besides a starch 
 room, used exclusively for the manufacture of starch. The whole 
 structure on the ground covers 50,000 square feet. The cost of the 
 building and appurtenances thereto was $150,000. It has the ca- 
 pacity of grinding 3,000 bushels of corn daily, and can manufac- 
 ture in the same time one hundred and fifty barrels of syrup. From 
 seventy-five to one hundred persons are constantly employed in the 
 works. The approximate value of manufactured product is 
 $100,000 annually. The business is under the immediate super- 
 vision of Louis Strehl. 
 
 Bailroad Frog Works. — This establishment dates from 1874, then 
 under the sole supervision and management of George and Henry 
 Elliot. In 1875, Mr. George Elliot died, and the institution passed 
 into the hands of the present owners, H. & H. Elliot. The works 
 were established for the purpose of manufacturing railway cross- 
 ings, frogs, switches, and track tools, and are located on Main and 
 Broad streets, near the East St. Louis and Carondelet railway. 
 The main building, or machine shop, is '69 by 90 feet, with other 
 convenient attachments. The works were constructed at a cost of 
 $10,000, and give employment to about sixty men, who receive for 
 their labor from $1.75 to $3 per day. The capacity of manufacture 
 is about 4,500 frogs and 100 crossings per annum. Value of pro- 
 ducts, $150,000. 
 
 Heim's Brewing Company. — This is the only Brewing Company in 
 East St. Louis. It was established by Nick Spannagel in 1856, and 
 was afterwards purchased by the present company. It is situated 
 on the corner of Tenth street and Belleville Turnpike. The build- 
 ings occupy the identical site of the old hotel, built and kept in 
 an early day by Mr. Condit, and the place known as Paps- 
 town. The main building is a splendid three story brick struc- 
 ture, and with the attachments covers nearly an acre of ground. 
 The coat of the building and machinery aggregates $150,000. Its 
 capacity is from fifty to sixty thousand barrels annually, and gives 
 employment to about forty persons. The annual value of manufac- 
 tured goods is over $500,000. The company is attaching an ice 
 machine for the purpose of cooling the cellars, which is an entirely 
 new departure in the brewing business. 
 
 East St. Louis Gaslight Company was established in 1874, and 
 situated at the junction of the Illinois and St. Louis railroad, near 
 Cahokia creek. The size of the tank is sixty feet in diameter and 
 twenty feet in depth. It has the capacity of supplying 58,000 feet 
 of gas, and is supplied with seven-and a-half miles of pipe. The 
 capital invested is about $125,000, and at present receives an in- 
 come of upwards of $7,000 from the annual manufactured material. 
 Wm. H. Watts is the efficient superintendent of the works, and has 
 under his supervision the employment of eleven men. 
 
 East St. Louis Flouring Mills.— St. Louis has been one of the most 
 unfortunate cities in the country with regard to the destruction by 
 fire of her flouring mills. Many have been built, and but one is 
 now standing. This was first constructed in 1855, by F. H. Krite 
 
 and A. De Clansel for a saw-mill near the old Belleville depot. In 
 1861 it was sold to a company who transformed it into a grist-mill ; 
 this was torn down in 1865, and a large four-story brick erected 
 in its place. The latter was a first-class mill in every respect, and 
 was built and operated by Notley, Krite & Co. In the fall of 
 1866, it was destroyed by fire, involving a heavy loss to the owners. 
 The present building was erected in 1868-69, on the old site, and 
 is the only flouring mill in the city. It is a four-story brick build- 
 ing with basement, and in size 40x80 feet. The cost of construc- 
 tion exceeded $80,000, having all the modern machinery and 
 improvements for manufacturing flour. The mill has the capacity 
 of making four hundred barrels of flour per day, containiug seven 
 run of stones, three for meal and four for flour. It employs about 
 twenty-five hands, and handles annually nearly $500,000 of manu- 
 factured material. Mr. F. H. Krite is the secretary of the firjn, 
 and has the general supervision of the mill. 
 
 City Planing Mill. — This factory was originally located at Litch- 
 field, 111., and was removed to this city in 1877. It is now owned 
 by Theodore Wiegrefie, and situated on Fourth street, between Mis- 
 souri and St. Louis avenues. It is a frame building, mainly two 
 stories high, and 86x112 feet, on the ground. The cost of the 
 factory, including all the appurtenances, was upwards of $6,000. 
 From twelve to fifteen hands are constantly employed, and 
 manufacture over 8,000 pork-packing boxes annually, beside mak- 
 ing a large quantity of doors, sash, blinds, etc. The amount of 
 manufactured goods is $15,000. 
 
 East St. Louis Elevator Company. — This institution is one of the 
 leading industries of the city, and was established in 1867, by an 
 act of the legislature, approved March 6th of that year. It is situa- 
 ted on the river front below the bridge, and occupies the ground on 
 the line of the dike, which was built to improve the harbor in 
 1842, by Capt. Eobert E. Lee, then Chief Engineer of the United 
 States army. The company owns five hundred feet front on the 
 river, by four hundred feet deep, and by the conditions of the 
 charter it may extend these boundaries to one thousand feet front 
 by the same in depth, and occupy by purchase any other lands 
 within three miles of Bloody Island. The capacity for storing 
 grain is upwards of one million bushels. The cost of the grounds, 
 building, machinery, etc., was nearly $1,000,000. 
 
 The Advance Elevator and Warehouse is situated on the island, 
 near Front street, between the Chicago and Alton, and Ohio and 
 Mississippi railways. It was established in 1872, by Messrs. Mc- 
 Cormic, Adams and Armington, at a cost of $125,000. In 1880 
 it passed into the hands of the present company. The elevator and 
 warerooms covered 20,400 square feet of ground. The elevator 
 proper is 50x60 feet, 130 feet high, and has convenient connections 
 with the river and all the roads leading into East St. Louis. It has 
 an engine of eighty horse-power, and all necessary machinery for 
 handling grain. From twelve to fifteen men are employed daily, 
 and seventy car-loads of grain can be elevated in one day. Three 
 tracks pass through the entire building. It has the capacity of 
 storing 400,000 bushels of grain. The present company are R. S. 
 McCormic, C. W. Isaacs, D. P. Slatery, Jno. Jackson, and H. 
 Rogers. 
 
 Pioneer Warehouse. — This was established by Benj. F. Horn in 
 the spring of 1880, and is situated east of the East St. Louis Flour- 
 ing Mills, and south of the Illinois and St. Louis railway track. 
 The building is a frame, one-story, and 20x60 feet. It has the 
 capacity of manufacturing 270 flour barrels per day, and gives 
 employment to twenty men. Richard Zimmerman, foreman. 
 
50(3 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COVNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 hall's patent dry peecious metal separator, east st. Loris, ill. 
 
 Hall & Cos. Manujadmy was established in the spring of 1880, with the following officers repre- 
 scntioo- the company : Giles Hall, President ; J. M. Macdonald, Vice-President; Ferdinand Helm, 
 Treasurer; Wni. P. Launtz, Secretary. The machines manufiictured by this company are for the 
 purpose of separating or extracting gold and other precious metal from auriferous deposits. This 
 process is inceniously effected by means of corajiressed air in connection with chemicals (see cut 
 above). It is entirely a new invention, and if it succeeds in perf)rming what the inventor claims for it, 
 the company has certainly struck a bonanza. The capital stock is $12,000. The factory is situated 
 on Collinsville avenue, between 15roadway and Missoui'i aveunes. 
 
 C. B. & Q Elevator Compaiuj.— Tins is a new enteri)rise, and the 
 elevator is now in process of construction. It is owned by, and will 
 be conducted in the interest of the Chicago, Burlington and Ciuiu- 
 cy Kailway Company. It is situated at the terndnus of the road, 
 and a little north of the company's freight-house. The foundation 
 is composed of seventeen piers besides the outer walls, and the size of 
 the main building is to be 87x177 feet, and 118 feet in height. The 
 cost of its construction, machinery, etc., will exceed half a million 
 dollars, and it will have the capacity of storing 750,000 bushels of 
 grain. ' Four tracks are to be laid through the building. 
 
 Tiirning Factory, Henry Sternkopf, proprietor. This factory was 
 established in 1876, and is located on Brady street, between Main 
 street and Cairo Short Line railway track. The building is a 
 
 frame structure 24x.']0 feet, and cost, including machinery, $1,500. 
 Mr. Sternkopf has in his employ from four to six men, and manu- 
 factures all articles in wood work. Wooden faucets are made a 
 specialty, turning out from fifteen to twenty gross per week. The 
 annual sales of manufactured goods are from two to three thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 Sola Factor I/. — This enterprise was established in 1870, by C. 
 Lutt & Co. The business is carried on in a fine two-story brick 
 building, 40x80 feet in diineniions, and it is located on Main street, 
 between Broadway and Railroad street. The cost of construction, 
 with the necessary appliances, was $4,500. The factory is capable 
 of manufacturing three hundred boxes of soda-water per day. It 
 gives employment to four persons, and handles a manufactured 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 307 
 
 product of $25,000 per annum. Seltzer-water is also mauufactured 
 to some extent by this firm. 
 
 Lumber Mill IS situated south of the Cairo Short Liue Round- 
 house, and was built in 1878, by J. H. Modrell, owner and pro- 
 prietor. It is driven by an engine of thirty horse-power, and is 
 capable of sawing $75,000 worth of lumber annually. Its construc- 
 tion cost the proprietor $3,000. Six hands are kept in employ- 
 ment the greater portion of the year. There are two circular saws, 
 one arranged above the other, for the purpose of handling, properly, 
 the largest sized logs. The timber for sawing is mostly shipped 
 frcm Tennessee, and is macufactuicd into lumber suitable for 
 bridge building. 
 
 Schroeders Soda Factory.— Ihese works were established by 
 John Kerns in 1862, and became the property of Edward Schroeder 
 in 1864. It was the first establishment of the kind built in East 
 St. Louis, and is located on Illinois avenue, between Ninth and 
 Tenth streets, and west of Heim's Brewery. Both soda and Seltzer 
 are manufactured, having the capacity of n;akirg daily upwards of 
 four hundrtd boxes of the former. The building is a substantial 
 brick structure, and is supplied with all the necessary machinery 
 and apparatus peculiar to the business. 
 
 Ice Bouses.— Smith & Sons own three of the largest houses in the 
 city. They are situated just south of the river bridge. They each 
 have room to stow upwards of 7,000 tons of ice. 
 
 C. Lutt & Co., have four ice houses near the Eelay Depot. They 
 have the capacity of 4,000 tons each. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 There are two banking institutions in the city, besides the one in 
 the Exchange building at the Stock Yards, which has already been 
 mentio&ed. 
 
 Working Men's Banking Company. — This Bank was organized 
 August 15th, 1870, by John McMullin, George W. Davis, Henry 
 Schell, E. W. Wider and others, and has a capital stock of $50,000. 
 It is located on the corner of Broadway and Fourth street, and is 
 one of the finest buildings in the city, and is the only house in 
 East St. Louis built above high-water mark. President, E. J. 
 Whitney; Cashier, Geo. W. Dausch. 
 
 East St. Louis Bank was established iu 1865, and has a capital 
 stock of $100,000 ; surplus, $26,000. The bank is situated on the 
 corner of Missouri and Collinsville avtLues. Thcn:as Witstanley, 
 President ; Henry Jackiesch, Vice-President ; Theodore Meumann, 
 Cashier, 
 
 Besides the foregoing, the city contains nine round-houses, some 
 of which are equal to any institutions of the kind in the state ; five 
 large warehouses, with several others of smaller dimensions. The 
 following is a condensed showing of other industries represented in 
 the city : Bakeries, 6 ; cigar manufactories, 5 ; harness, 2 ; wagons, 
 1 ; blacksmiths, 5 ; tinners, 4 ; tailors, 2 ; jewelers, 2 ; carpenters, 
 44 ; printing offices, 2 ; shoemakers, 15 ; butchers, 9 ; undertakers, 
 1 ; dentists, 1 ; painters and glazers, 2. There are upwards of 
 thirty hotels, and over seventy-five places where liquors are sold. 
 There are three wholesale grocery houses, two dry-goods, two 
 hardware establishments, and one wholesale liquor house. The re- 
 tail business of every kind is well represented. The various 
 churches are also numerous, there being two Catholic (Irish, and 
 German), one Methodist, one Presbyterian, one Lutheran, and two 
 Colored churches. There are eight distinct schools in the city as 
 follows : First ward, two ; Second ward, three ; Third ward, one ; 
 Fourth ward, two. For further information on schools, churches, 
 ai)d printing offices, see special chapters relating to the same. 
 
 The following is a tabular showing of the number of inhabitants, 
 families, and buildings that the city contained (with a slight dis- 
 crepancy) in 1880 : 
 
 Inhabitants. Familiee. Building?. 
 
 1st Ward 2,047 451 ... . 880. 
 
 2d Ward 2,930 .... 
 
 3d Ward 1,959 380 ... . 350. 
 
 4th Ward 2,263 . ... 457 ... . 383. 
 
 SECEET SOCIETIES. 
 
 East St. Louis Lodge, No. 504, A. F. & A. M-, was organized in 
 October, 1866, with 28 charter members. Its place of meeting is 
 in Masonic Hall, over Schaub's hardware store, and meets the first 
 and third Thursday evenings in each month. The Lodge has a 
 fine hall and is in a prosperous condition. 
 
 East St. Louis Chapter M. 156, R. A. M., was chartered in Octo- 
 ber, 1873, with a membership of 31, since which time it has m&ie- 
 rially increased. Meets in Masonic Hall every second Thursday 
 night in each month. 
 
 Golden Rule Lodge, No. 374 /. 0. 0. J'.— This Lodge was in- 
 stituted June 16th, 1868, and chartered October 13th, 1868. The 
 number of charter members were 8, and the present membership is 
 55. Meets in Odd Fellows' Hall every Thursday evening in each 
 week. The Lodge is in a prosperous condition and good working 
 order. 
 
 Pride of the Valley Lodge, No. 435, I. 0. 0. F, was chartered 
 the 1 1th of October, 1870. Number of charter members, 10, present 
 membership, 51. Meets every Monday night. 
 
 Harmony Encampment, No. 102.— This institution was chartered 
 the 12th of October, 1869, with a membership of 12. It meets in 
 Odd Fellows' Hall the second and fourth Thursday nights in each 
 month. 
 
 Helvetia Lodge {German'), No. 480, L 0. 0. F, was instituted 
 February 22d,'1872, and chartered October 8th, 1872. Charter 
 membership, 11 ; present number of members, 55. Meets every 
 Friday night. 
 
 Naomi Rebecca Degree Lodge, No. 5.— Chartered October 11th, 
 1870, with a membership of 27, since which time it has largely in- 
 creased. Meets in Odd Fellows' Hall the first and third Thursday 
 evenings in each month. 
 
 Eureka Lodge, No. 81, If. of F, was organized December 26, 
 1878, and chartered October 23d, 1879. Number of charter mem- 
 bers, 24 ; present membership, 55. The Lodge is in a flourishing 
 condition. Meets in Schaub's Hall every Monday evening. 
 
 Illinois Lodge, No. 268, K of ^.— This Lodge received its char- 
 ter Dec. 5th, 1876, with the names of nineteen members. It has 
 had an unprecedented growth, having a present membership of 160. 
 Convenes in Odd Fellows' Hall every Wednesday evening. 
 
 Catholic Knights of America.— This institution was organized 
 March 19th, 1880, with a membership of 8 Knights; present mem- 
 bership, 53. They meet the first and third Sundays of each month 
 in St. Patrick's Church Hall. This is a wide-awake and prosperous 
 organization. 
 
 Olive Branch Lodge, No. 335, K. & L. of H, is under dispensation, 
 granted May 28th, 1880. Charter membership, 46; present mem- 
 bership, 54. The Lodge meets at Fink's Hall the first and third 
 Mondays in each month. 
 
 F. W. Arnold, No. 44, B. of L. & F, was chartered May 2d, 1880. 
 Number of charter members, 18 ; present membership, 23. Meets 
 the first and third Tuesday nights of each month in ^'^k's Hall. 
 
 East St. Louis Scengerbund was instituted March 23d, 187^, witU 
 25 members ; present membership, 50. The organization meets at 
 Jackiesh Hall every Wednesday night. 
 
308 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 There have also been organized in times past the following orders : 
 Knights of St. Patrick, Independent Order of Foresters, Brother- 
 hood of Locomotive Engineers, St. Clair Gun Club, and Working- 
 men's Party. 
 
 First Land Entries. — Joseph Pepin entered the south-east quar- 
 ter of sec. 4, 160 acres, Sept. 16th, 1814. Joseph Gonville entered, 
 September 28th, 1814, 320 acres of the west half of the same sec- 
 tion. Dec. 15th, 1814, William Russell entered 131.92 acres on 
 section 6. 
 
 The city of East St. Louis has made an eventful history. From 
 its infancy it has withstood many reverses that would have totally 
 discouraged a less enterprising and plucky people. Five times has 
 it been washed by the floods and barely escaped annihilation. The 
 fire fiend has likewise been a frequent and destructive visitor, hav- 
 ing once — 1872 — wiped out a considerable portion of the business 
 part of the city. Political convulsions have also swept through its 
 midst and shaken the municipal fabric to its foundation. Yet, with 
 all these misfortunes to retard its progress, it lives and grows and 
 prospers. The manufacturing facilities of the city are unsur- 
 passed ; it has the coal, the water, the advantages of cheap labor, 
 and last, but not least, the ready capitalist, who is shrewd enough 
 to comprehend the advantages of the situation and to invest ac- 
 cordingly. With future peace and harmony among the citizens 
 of East St. Louis, it can be but a question of time when it will take 
 rank among the first cities of the west. 
 
 TOWN OF BROOKLYN. 
 
 This village is situated in the extreme north-western part of East 
 St. Louis precinct; the northern boundary being the, Madison 
 county line, and the Mississippi river forming the western limits. 
 It was laid out March 17th, 1837, by the following parties : Thos. 
 
 Osburn, James P. Morris, Charles Collins, Joseph Tabor, and W. 
 J. Austin. The town plat was placed on record the 1st day of May 
 following. July 14th, 1874, it was incorporated under the general 
 law, when it established village ordinances and prepared to govern 
 its own municipal affairs. The first house built within the limits 
 was a small log dwelling, but has long since given place to later 
 improvements. Among the first inhabitants were J. R. Stites, Thos. 
 Osburn, Daniel Wilson, Geo. H. Lewis, John Baltimore, Charles 
 Woodworth, Hardy Roberts, Alfred Sparks, Nicholas Carper, Mrs. 
 Newell, and Mrs. Wyatt, some of whom are still residents of the 
 village. 
 
 The town, at this writing, contains between five and six hundred 
 inhabitants, seven-eighths of whom are colored people. There are 
 four small grocery stores, the most extensive of which is kept by 
 Frederick Archer. This store is a snug two story frame building, 
 and is situated on Fourth street. The village contains a fine two- 
 story brick school-house, so arranged as to employ two teachers, 
 and is thus partially graded. It was built in 1879, at an expense 
 of three thousand dollars. It is exclusively a colored school. 
 There are also two churches, both colored, one Methodist, the other 
 Baptist. The former was built in 1879, and cost $2,500; the latter 
 was constructed at an earlier period, and cost $1,500. 
 
 Brooklyn is so closely situated to the city of East St. Louis, on 
 the south, with Venice almost touching it on the north, that it has 
 but little chance for its life, so far as a trading point is concerned. 
 Indeed it might be considered as a suburb of East St. Louis ; and 
 the time is not far distant when it will be such in fact. 
 
 The following are the present officers of the village : President, 
 J. R. Stites ; Trustees, James Maffit, William Weyh, George Bache- 
 lor, Charles Jennings and Frederick Archer. Clerk, Henry Roun- 
 tree; Treasurer, Joseph Archer; Marshal, James A. Pettiford. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 — ->-^g;^^ 
 
 The present mayor of the city of East St. Louis, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Oliio, January 4tli, 1841. His fatlier, Milton M. McLean, 
 a lawyer by profession, had acquired considerable property interests 
 in the west, especially in and around East St. Louis, among others, 
 a distillery in 1840. After ten years' management of this property 
 he concluded on changing his residence from his Cincinnati home, 
 to enable him to personally care for his rapidly growing interests 
 here. Hence, in 1850 he took up his abode in East St. Louis. In 
 1851 he disposed of the distillery and moved to St. Louis, where he 
 continued the practice of his profession until the time of his death, 
 July 4th, 1855. He was one of the largest land owners on this side 
 of the river. For a time he was a partner of Church Blackburn, 
 one of the most eminent criminal lawyers of his day. He had re- 
 ceived his education in the Miami University. He ranked with 
 the first young men of the west in point of talent, integrity, and 
 309 
 
 all the virtues that tend to constitute the highest degree of moral 
 worth. At the time of his death the members of the St. Louis bar 
 paid the highest honors to his memory, and he was followed to his 
 grave by hundreds of true and sincere friends as mourners. He 
 was a nephew of Justice McLean, whose worth is known to all. 
 
 The mother of John J. McLean was Mary W. Johnson, a daugh- 
 ter of the first Indian Agent ever appointed in Ohio. 
 
 A brief and interesting sketch of his life is retained by the fam- 
 ily, from which we glean the following :— He was born near Bally- 
 shannon, Ireland, March 3d, 1775. At an early age, soon after the 
 termination of the revolutionary war, he was brought to the Uni- 
 ted States, locating in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. He was 
 with Gen. Wayne on the Ohio, in 1793-4 ; was a captain in Phila- 
 delphia in 1798 ; clerk in the War Department and Indian Bureau, 
 in all thirtv-one years. In the war of 1812 he was a pay-master 
 
310 
 
 EISTORY OF ST. 'CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 and quartermaster ty turns. In 1841-2 he was "U. S. Ccmmis- 
 sioner for treating with the Indians. In all these positions he 
 acquitted himself honorably. In a letter yet extant written by him 
 in his old age, he said " he had suffered political martyrdom thrice 
 for adherence to Whig principles ; once by the tyrant Jackscn 
 once by the nondescript Tyler, and on<^e by the democratic legisla- 
 ture of Ohio." 
 
 Of these families came John J. McLean, the subject of this 
 sketch, a man who has inherited many of their good qualities ; a 
 man of energy, of generous impulses, and who is held in high es- 
 teem. He received a common school education in the public 
 schools of St. Louis, Missouri, and subsequently attended the Meth- 
 odist College at St. Charles, in the same state about a year. As a 
 youth in school he exhibited those traits of character, — that same 
 restlessness of disposition that has prompted him to dare and to do 
 whatever he conceived to be right. 
 
 He was married to Eliza Griffith, a most estimable lady, in June, 
 18 — . By this marriage there have been born the following chil- 
 dren : John Joseph, Clara Belle, Nathaniel Charles, Eliza Laurence, 
 Ealph Edwin, Gertrude Bertha, and Estelle May ; all living, and 
 constituting a happy family. 
 
 His mother died in Shiloh, this county, Feb. 9th, 1877, in the 
 sixty-third year of her life. To resume his personal history : at the 
 age of seventeen telegraphy possessed for him its charms. He ra- 
 pidly acquired a knowledge of its mysteries, and for a year 
 remained at this work as operator in the employ of the Ohio and 
 Mississippi railroad. He next learned the trade of machinist, at 
 which he worked for a period of nine years, in the locomotive shops 
 of the same railway company for which he had served as telegraph 
 operator. In 1870 he took charge of one of the boats of the Wig- 
 gins Ferry Company, as captain, which position he held for about 
 ten years. From 1867 to 1870 he served as chief of the Metro- 
 politan Police force of East St. Louis. His quickness of perception 
 and promptness of action served him well here, and doubtless at 
 different times saved bloodshed and riot. Possessed of a clear in- 
 sight into the motives of men, coupled with the nerve to do what he 
 deemed to be right, he never halted until proposed mischief was 
 effected, but before it got under full headway lie was on hand to 
 check its tide. This promptitude together with his generous treat- 
 ment of associates, gave him a strong hold upon the affections of 
 his fellows, and rendered him personally popular with all. He 
 served his constituency in the ward for two terms, of two years each, 
 as member of the City Council, with credit to himself and honor 
 to his supporters. In April, 1881, as a just recognition of his 
 worth, he was elected mayor without opposition ; this too, in the face 
 of the fact that he is an ardent republican, whilst his city is strong- 
 ly democratic. His first presidential vote was cast for Abraham 
 Lincoln. Possessed of sound judgment, of excellent social quali- 
 ties, of fine executive ability, he is filling his position to the satis- 
 faction of all citizens. 
 
 JOHN 0. BUTLER 
 
 Was born in St. Louis, Missouri, March 10th, 1827. His father 
 was Armstead 0. Butler, a physician of large reputation and ex- 
 tensive practice, was born in Mecklenburg county, Virginia, studied 
 medicine in Philadelphia, Pa., and located in Cahokia. His circle 
 of practice embraced a radius of forty miles, throughout which he 
 was recognized as a skilled and erudite physician. The memory 
 of few men is treasured up by the old pioneers of this part of the 
 county more sacredly than that of their old family physician. Dr. 
 
 Butler. The mother of the subject cf this sketch was Jane Tour- 
 not, of the old family of that name known to Cahokia records for 
 perhaps a century. When he reached the age of fifteen years bis 
 father died. His widowed mother subsequently became the wife 
 of Dr. A. H. Illinski. He received a fair business education, at- 
 tending the schools of the day in Caho liia ard ft. Lcuis, and after 
 wards St. Vincent's College at St. Mary's. This institution of 
 learning was moved, whilst he was a student, to Cape Girardeau ; 
 thither he went, but did not complete the prescribed course of study. 
 For a time he pursued farming near Cahokia. He was united in 
 marriage to Miss Julia C. Brackett, daughter of Dr. James Brack- 
 ett, April 25lh, 1853. He commenced mercantile pursuits as a 
 clerk in a dry goods establishment in St. Louis. In 1849 he went to 
 California, making it a trans-continental trip, as he was visiting 
 friends on the Atlantic seaboard immediately before starting for the 
 land of gold. In California he was engaged in a variety of pur- 
 suits; as mining, keeping a hotel and livery. Returned in 1853, 
 farmed for a time, and then commenced merchandizing in 1856 
 in Warren, Hancock county, where he was made post-master. In 
 1863 he went to Montana, where for about eight months he sold 
 goods. He bought out the lumber yards of General Jarrot, in 
 May, 1876, in which business he is yet engaged, in connection with 
 Nicholas McCracken. Last year their sales amounted to over 
 4,000,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 GEORGE W. DAUSCH. 
 The hope of the country is vested in her young men. If they 
 be possessed of energy, good practical business ideas, and are 
 .directed by strong common sense then all is well. Belonging to 
 this class no better representative can be found in East St. Louis 
 than the subject of this sketch. He was born here Oct. 2d, 1855, 
 hence is but twenty-six years of age, although occupying various 
 positions of profit and trust. His parents, George and Julia Ann 
 Dausch,- came from Germany to this county during the revolution 
 of 1848. His father was by trade a broker. He died here in 
 1846, leaving a widow, a son and daughter. His wife, who is yet 
 living, subsequently married Louis Weris, by whom she has a large 
 family of children. George W. Dausch attended the East St. 
 Louis public schools, and afterwards, desirous of perfecting himself 
 in a business education, attended Jones' Commercial College, St. 
 Louis, Mo., where he graduated in 1869, at the early age of fourteen 
 years, among, if not, the youngest graduate ever sent forth from 
 that institution. He also attended a German institution, acquiring 
 there a fair education. In 1846 he engaged in the service of the 
 "Workingmen's Banking company as a messenger. Step by step he 
 has worked his way up, filling the various positions of book-keeper, 
 teller and cashier, to which position he was chosen in 1878, and 
 which he fills with great credit to himself. In 1880 he was appointed 
 by the City Council of East St. Louis as City Treasurer, a just 
 recognition of his genuine business worth and compliment to his 
 attainments and integrity. He is a member of the order of Knights 
 of Pythias, in whose working and advancement he takes deep 
 interest. Politically, he is an avowed Republican, having cast his 
 first vote for Rutherford B. Hayes, and last for James A. Garfield. 
 He allies himself with the stalwarts, finding in their leader his beau 
 ideal of manhood. Generous almost to a fault; of an eminently 
 social turn of mind, he is recognized as a hale fellow, well met by 
 all who know him. Guided by strict business principles in all his 
 transactions, his future is full of promise. Few men have battled 
 more successfully for position than he, and few are more esteemed 
 by their fellows. 
 
fouRTH Ward House, CoR.CoLLiNsviLL£ & Summit Ave:. East St.LouisJll . M.M. STEPHENS, Proprietor. 
 
 SCtK&TELT HAT MANIIE^^gTUKm 
 
 I^ JHATTERSX ? JIEOG GfUERDAFBAT GOME^LNr KhATTCRS 
 
 S V'CUFRDAN HAT COMPANY |^HIto&' 
 
 TncBUERDkN HAT Do. S.ECor. Market & SecoNo Str.St.Louis.Mo 
 Nats, Caps & Straw Goods.W holes ale &.Re:tail . 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 ;u 
 
 c^. 
 
 /dl^. 
 
 ERNEST W. WIDER, (deceased). 
 
 Few men have been more prominently before the attention of 
 the public in East St. Louis than he whose portrait and autograph 
 appear on this page. Fewer yet have contributed more to pro- 
 mote the general good than he. He may have made mistakes, 
 doubtless did, but they were errors of the head, not of the heart. 
 Many of his public acts may have been prom[)ted by a spirit of 
 rivalry, but most were certainly intended for the promotion of 
 local enterprises. Ernest W. Wider was born on the 7th of May, 
 1835, at Beerfelden, Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany. He was edu- 
 cated at the University of Heidelberg, served his apprenticeship as 
 a druggist at Erbach, emigrated to America in 1851, and settled in 
 East St. Louis in 1855. His father, Carl Frederick Wider, was 
 born March 23d, 1792. Was for a time chaplain at Reicthclden- 
 heim von Kahn. In 1812 was installed as Lutheran preacher at 
 Beerfelden, and in 1820 was installed as Oberpfarrer (orchief priest.) 
 He was married to Louisa Maria Flach, May 24th, 1832. Of this 
 union came the subject of this sketch. In 1856 Ernest W. Wider 
 engaged in the drug business here, for which his education and 
 pronounced ability as a chemist pre-eminently fitted him. In fact 
 he was regarded as among the best in the state. His working 
 laboratory was one of interest, and betokened his enthusiasm in 
 chemical pursuits. 
 
 In 1858 he received the appointment as Postmaster for East St. 
 Louis, under Buchanan's administration. The f illowing year he 
 was removed for political reasons, he having identified himself 
 with the republican party, in the advocacy of whose principles he 
 
 was earnest and enthusiastic. In 1861 those principles having 
 been sustained in the election of Abraham Lineolu t) the Presi- 
 dency, he was again appointed in April of that year, and held the 
 office for a period of eight years. Ever since his advent in East 
 St Louis he has taken an active part in politics. Few republican 
 conventions have been held in which he has not been a conspicuous 
 figure. In state, congressional, district and county conventions 
 he has represented his fellow citizens, and been most persistent in 
 advancing men and measures pleasing to himself. In national 
 politico he was a republican of the most pronounced type — one 
 who delighted in the name of Radical with all the party zeal that 
 the name implied. Every city election found him a worker, 
 usually in the interest of others. The only elective office he ev^er 
 h Id was that of member of the city council, to which he was 
 chosen from the first ward, first in 1876, and re-elected in 1878 
 and 1880. He was a member of this body during the excited 
 times that East St. Louis politics passed through, and was, by 
 common consent, the recognized leader of the anti-Bowman party. 
 For a time the city had two sets of officers, or, in other words, a 
 dual government, growing out of what was popularly denominated 
 the metropolitan police fight. Since 1867 Mr. Wider had been 
 the champion of the metropolitan police system, deeming it to be 
 the interest of the city to have such a system. Throughout it all 
 Mr. Wider acted the part of a man, sincere in his convictions, and 
 determined in carrying out his policy. He was several times 
 honored by appointments, such as being a delegate to the third 
 annual meeting of the Araericau Board of Trau-sportation and 
 
312 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Commerce at Chicago in 1875, as Notary Public, by Governor 
 Richard J. Oglesby, and as member of the State Central Republi- 
 can Committee in 1876. It was his nature to be active, and what- 
 ever he took hold of he did it with his might. True to his friends, 
 a man of broad culture, of goodness of heart ; his demise was 
 mourned by many. A friend of the poor; he never turned them 
 from his door, but attended to their wants with cheerfulness. 
 Many prescriptions were filled by him, free of charge, when brought 
 to him by those who were needy. He was married to Dora Sik- 
 king, March 21st, 1859, by whom he has had four children, only 
 one of whom is living, Miss Emma, a beautiful and accomplished 
 young lady of fifteen. His death, which occurred July 7th, 1881, 
 was a shock to his family and fellow-citizens. In the full vigor of 
 health but a few short hours before, doing business with his accus- 
 tomed energy, its suddenness created excitement and surprise. He 
 had returned, the night before, from his farm near Pevely, Mis- 
 souri, quite exhausted. The morning found him asleep in death. 
 The coroner was summoned, and pronounced tlie cause to have 
 been congestion of the brain. Thus passed from earth one of East 
 St. Louis' most active citizens, when apparently in the full vigor 
 of manhood. 
 
 THOMAS GRANEY 
 
 Was born in the county of Kerry, Ireland, September 29, 1839. 
 His father, Edward Graney, a farmer, died when he was but six 
 months of age. He was taken care of by an uncle, Patrick McElli- 
 gott, also a farmer. During the prevalence of the famine of 1848 
 throughout Ireland, his uncle and mother, Ellen McElligott, deter- 
 mined on leaving the ill-fated island, and moved to Canada, locating 
 in Guelph, Wellington county, Canada West. Here they remained 
 until 1858, when Thomas Graney enlisted in the 100th, or, as it was 
 popularly known, the Prince of Wales Royal Canadian Regiment, 
 organized for the purpose of going to the East Indies to suppress the 
 war being waged by Nena Sahib. The regiment remained under 
 instruction and drill in England neariy a year, when they were 
 ordered out, and went as far as the heights of Gibraltar, whence 
 they returned to England. As a soldier he stood high in favor, 
 having been one of the thirty chosen from his regiment as a mem- 
 ber of the Guard of Honor to the Queen, when she reviewed the 
 troops in Aldershot Camp ; was also lance corporal nine months, and 
 lance sergeant eighteen months. He received a good-conduct badge 
 which entitled him to a small pittance extra pay, and a badgt for 
 superior sharp-shooting. After three and a-half years' service, he 
 bought his discharge, and in 1865 returned to Canada. In May of 
 the same year he took up his abode in the United Stales, locating 
 first in Chicago, where he helped in the erection of the Soldiers' 
 Home, thence to Oil City, Pennsylvania, and thence to East St. 
 Louis, where he entered the employ of the O. & M. railway compa- 
 ny as blacksmith helper. In this employ he remained until 1874, 
 when he was elected Constable. In 1877 he was elected Justice of 
 the Peace, an office for which he is well fitted, and which he has 
 since held. But one decision made by him among the many cases 
 carried to higher courts has been reversed, and that was on techni- 
 cal grounds. Politically he is a pronounced democrat. He was 
 married to Miss Elizabeth Sheridan, July 4, 1866, by whom he has 
 two children living, Edward John and Ellen. In 1866 a compa- 
 ny of Fenians was organized in East St. Louis for the invasion of 
 Canada, in which he was a sergeant. They went as far as Chicago, 
 remained two weeks, and were ordered home. He is at present As- 
 sistant Coroner for St. Clair county. 
 
 A. M. MEINTS. 
 When we trace the history of our successful men, and search for 
 the secret of that success, we find as a rule that they were men who 
 were early thrown upon their own resources. A. M. Meints fur- 
 nishes an apt illustiation of this rule. He was born in Hanover, 
 Germany, March 8th, 1844. His father, J. R. Meints, came to 
 America in 1847, leaving his family behind. They followed in 
 1848, and the same year Mrs. Meints died of cholera in St. Louis, 
 Missouri, so that Mr. Meints was left with two motherless children. 
 Sickness overtook him, and distress to self and family with it. A. 
 M. Meints, the subject of this sketch, when but eight years of age, 
 together with his sister, gathered drift wood from the river to sell, 
 and thus aid in the family support. At the age of nine he obtained 
 employment as a boy in the grocery of H. Household, known as 
 the three mile house on Broadway. Here he remained a year and 
 a half; then was engaged by Edward Beckmann & Bro.two years; 
 next by Rabenbury, with whom he remained a year and a half. 
 During all this time Albert gave his earnings to his father. For 
 two seasons he attended the public night school where he received 
 all the education he ever acquired. In the mean time his father, 
 who was a man of great energy, had saved suflBcient means with 
 which to purchase a stock of groceries, which he did by opening a 
 store on Market, between 9th and 10th streets, in the year 1861, 
 taking Albert with him. For five years he remained with his 
 father, during which time he formed habits of industry, economy 
 and honesty, that have ever characterized him, and which have • 
 crowned his labors with success. His father taught him the value 
 of money, and counseled him to save the quarters which he now 
 and then gave him. With the first twenty dollars he succeeded in 
 saving he purchased a gun. Hunting and fishing were his means of 
 recreation. 
 
 At the age of twenty-two he left St. Louis, for the first time since 
 his advent there, for a journey any distance from home. Went as 
 far as Fayette, Missouri, where he passed two pleasant weeks in the 
 society of S. Baumann, a former playmate, and returned home, but 
 not to re-engage his services to his father, who although kind, he 
 thought too rigorous in his dealings with him. Seeing an adver- 
 tisement. Grocery clerk wanted by H. Jackeisch, East St. Louis ; 
 he responded and his services were accepted. He entered this ser- 
 vice June 30th, 1866 ; remained in this employ until April Itt, 
 1868, when having accumulated about sixteen hundred dollars, he 
 commenced business for himself, first in a building owned by Daniel 
 McGowen, a place quite out of the way of trade, yet the only avail- 
 able place he could secure. In 1869 he purchased the lot he now 
 occupies, and built a store-room 22 x 50, which he opened to the 
 trade in September, 1869. His business has constantly increased, 
 compelling him to erect additional buildings, until now he occupies 
 a building with a frontage of seventy-five feet, and even that does 
 not accommodate his trade. Since commencing business for himself 
 he has been fortunate in every step. His real estate speculations 
 have added largely to his wealth, and now he is the possessor of 
 over twenty tenement houses, and three fine farms in St. Louis 
 county, Missouri. August 30th, 1870, he married a most esti- 
 mable lady. Miss Sophia E. Hauss, of Louisville, Kentuckj'. Mr. 
 Meints owes his success to strict attention to business. For eight 
 years, whilst he was laboring earnestly to gain a footing in the 
 world, he availed himself of no species of enjoyment. Once com- 
 paratively independent he re-engaged with genuine boyish zest in 
 his old sport of hunting, and is known to-day as one of the Nim- 
 rods of East St. Louis. In his career we have exemplified, in the 
 truest sense, a self-made man. 
 
HISTORY 01 ST. CLAIR COUNTY, IILINOIS 
 
 01 
 
 ^^^r^-^^-y 
 
 /^-?^ 
 
 Among physicians and surgeons of this part of the state, who 
 have attained distinction in their profession, Dr. T. C. Jennings 
 takes rank with the foremost. He was born in Bloomfield, Cha- 
 tauqua county, New York, May 8th, 1836. His father, Rev. Tho- 
 mas J. Jennings, was a Methodist preacher. His mother's maiden 
 name was Catharine Ditraars. "When he was about six years of 
 age, his father removed to Ohio, and because of failing health 
 changed his vocation to that of farming. After living about four 
 years in the Buckeye state, he removed to Wisconsin. Here, avail- 
 ing himself of the facilities afforded by the state, the subject of 
 this sketch attended West Bend Academy, a school in charge of 
 Dr. A- H. Hayes, a physician and teacher of rare abilities and high 
 attainments. To him, more than any one else, is the doctor in- 
 debted for his aspirations in life, and for his determination to be- 
 come a physician. Taking him as his model, he commenced the 
 study of medicine under his instruction after he had acquired con- 
 siderable proficiency in the classics, mathematics and natural 
 sciences, preparatory to admission into Rush Medical College at 
 Chicago. In 1856, he entered this institution, from \\hich he gra- 
 duated February 17, 1858. Returning to Wisconsin, he located in 
 Mayville, where he prosecuted the practice of his profession a year, 
 and in 1860 determined on finding a southern home, he came as far 
 as St. Louis ; at the time mutterings were heard all over the south 
 which grew into threats of rebellion. He concluded to wait until 
 the state of affairs had become more settled, and not desiring to re- 
 sume the practice of medicine until he had found a congenial home, 
 
 he enlisted himself among the pedagogues of St. Clair county by 
 40 
 
 taking charge of the school at French Village, where for two years 
 he successfully engaged in this work. The threatenings of seces- 
 sion had become a dread reality ; red battle had stamped 
 her thundering feet all along Mason and Dixon's line; his country 
 had become involved in the mighty throes of fratricidal strife : his 
 patriotic heart beat responsive to his country's call for aid, and for- 
 saking the school-room, he promptly offered his services and was 
 accepted as assistant surgeon of the 117tli regiment, Illinois Volun- 
 teers, November 15th, 1862. With this command he remaioed un- 
 til August 5th, 1865, when with the regiment he was discharged 
 with honors. He took part in the Meridian, (Mississippi) the Red 
 River, the Tupelo and Oxford campaigns, (Mississippi) the Price 
 campaign in Missouri, the campaign after General Hood in Middle 
 Tennessee, and in the years 1864 and 1865, in the Mobile campaign. 
 He was engaged in the battles of Fort De Russey and Pleasant Hill, 
 Louisiana, Tupelo, Mississippi, Nashville, Tennessee, and Fort 
 Blakely, Alabama. It is related of him, by his comrades, that his 
 impatience was often such as to impel him to the very front of 
 battle with patriotic cheer to urge on his fellows, when officers in 
 his position were expected to take position in the rear, ready to re- 
 ceire any wounded that might have to be borne from the field of 
 battle. Immediately after the war he located in East St. Louis, 
 Avhere he has ever since prosecuted bis life work of jwacticing his 
 profession. He v/as united in marriage to Miss Clementine Illins- 
 ki, daughter of Dr. A. X. Illinski, June 24th, 1867. By this union 
 there have been born four children, three of whom are living, 
 Anna Belle, Clementine and Dio Illinski. Thomas Francis, the 
 
314 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIECOUNTY, ILLINOIS.. 
 
 third in order of birth, died in childhood. The doctor's pre-emi- 
 nent fitness for the position caused his friends to single him out as the 
 republican candidate for the legislature from the 49th district in 1878, 
 and most gallantly did he lead on to victory. As a representative, he 
 was active, fearless in his advocacy of the right, gave close and constant 
 attention to the business before the legislature and made an efficient 
 member. In manners and deportment Dr. Jennings is a sociable 
 and agreeable gentleman ; as a physician prompt and methodical : 
 and as a man his reputation for integrity of character, and for 
 earnestness of purpose is as -vside as the circle of his acquaintance. 
 
 D. D. ANTHCmY. 
 
 Among the promising young men of East St. Louis few are more 
 deserving of honorable mention than D. D. Anthony, who was born 
 in Ripley county, Indiana, November 18, 1843. His father, Philip 
 Anthony, was of the good old Puritan stuck of New England, a 
 farmer by occupation, and for fifteen years a justice of the peace in 
 his adopted state. His mother, Mary Ann Anthony, was an Ohioan 
 by birth. The subject of this sketch followed farming until the 
 year 1859, when he came to Illinois, locating in Kankakee county. 
 He received a common school education. At the time of the break 
 ing out of the war he returned to Indiana, and on June 16, 1861 
 volunteered in Co. I, 13th Regiment Indiana Volunteers. Served 
 in the campaign in "West Virginia, under General McClellan ; then 
 under his successor. General Rosecrans. Was in the various battles 
 and skirmishes throughout West Virginia, among them that at 
 Rich Mountain, Cheat Mountain, Summit and Green Briar. With 
 his command he went to the valley of Virginia and took part in the 
 fight at Winchester, under General Shields In 1862 his regiment 
 was transferred to the army of the Potomac, with quarters at Suf- 
 folk, whose siege — at the hands of Longstreet — they gallantly with- 
 stood; left Suifolk for Charleston, with General Gillmore, where 
 they took part in the siege of Sumter; thence to Florida; 
 they were then ordered north, to join Butler's fleet at Yorktown, 
 preparatory to ascending James river; took part in the Petersburg 
 fight, where, on the 10th of May, 1863, he was taken prisoner. His 
 prison life, extended as it was over a space of nine months and 
 eighteen days, and divided between various Southern prison pens, 
 is of great interest. First he was taken to Libby prison, at Rich- 
 mond, where he was kept about a month ; thence taken to Ander- 
 sonville, where he was subjected to the gross neglect and hard usage 
 for which that prison is so noted. He was an eyewitness to the 
 bursting forth of the spring of water in the beaten path within the 
 pen, spoken of by many prisoners, who-famishing with thirst-looked 
 upon it as God's deliverance. After three months he was taken to 
 Savannah, thence to Charleston, under guns he had himself helped 
 to set months before ;Jhence to Florence, where he suffered terribly. 
 During his four months' imprisonment here he had not to exceed 
 four ounces of salt with his ration of one pint of corn meal per diem, 
 perhaps a half-dozen rations of meat, and a spoonful of molasses 
 per week, during the time. At Goldsborough, North Carolina, he 
 was exchanged for a well-fed Southern soldier, February 28, 1864 
 Being sick— scarcely able, in fact, to walk at all— he was taken to 
 the hospital on David's Island, New York harbor, where for months 
 he was treated with all the skill of army surgeons. His eyesight 
 . was almost gone— so far that its recovery was long thought doubt- 
 ful. He was discharged from the TJ. S. service June 14, 1865 ; re- 
 
 turned to Indiana, where he was married to Sarah Belle Payton, 
 April, 1866, by whom he has one child. After marriage he went 
 South to Choctaw county, Alabama, where his wife was engaged in 
 teaching a Freedmen's school for one year. During this time he 
 was appointed by General Pope, commanding the Southern division, 
 as re-constructing officer for registration of voters, administering 
 the so-called " iron-clad oath," &c. Was taken sick, and returned 
 to Indiana, where he remained only six months, returning to Ala- 
 bama to engage in general merchandizing. In 1870 he was appoint- 
 ed assistant U. S. marshal in the Alabama district, during which 
 service he enumerated the census of Choctaw county. When Ala- 
 bama became democratic, and it was no longer safe for Northern 
 men to express their sentiments in the South, he returned to In- 
 diana, where he was employed by the Ohio and Mississippi railroad 
 company. After remaining a year in their employ he went to Kan- 
 sas, where he invested in a stock ranche, which he still owns. 
 After a few months " roughing it," he returned to East St. Louis, 
 where he was engaged in the erection of water works at the National 
 Stock Yards. Here he remained several years as an engineer and 
 water supply superintendent. In December, 1880, he was appointed 
 deputy sherifi" of St. Clair county by Frederick Ropiequet, a just 
 recognition of his public services in behalf of the success of the re- 
 publican party and of his worth as a man. Mr. Anthony is a mem- 
 ber of the I. O. O. F., being a P. G , Golden Rule Lodge of E. St. 
 Louis. Politically he is a stalwart, out-spoken, fearless republican. 
 During the last campaign he made some very eflTective speeches in 
 behalf of republican principles, reciting — as his experience enabled 
 him to do — many instances of cruelty in the South. His republic- 
 anism was learned in very early years when his father kept an 
 underground railway station on the Polar Star route from Slavery 
 to Freedom. Efficient as an oflScer, true to all trusts reposed in 
 him, genuine by nature — Mr. Anthony deserves well of his fellow- 
 
 men. 
 
 JOHN B. SIKKING, 
 
 The present efficient post-master of the city of East St. Louis, was 
 born in Wenterswyke, Holland, August 16th, 1836. His father, 
 John B. Sikking, was a carpenter, and emigrated from the land be- 
 yond the sea to America in 1844, locating in the city of St. Louis, 
 Missouri. There were in all seven children in the family, of whom 
 John B. Sikking was the fourth in order of birth. He received a 
 common school education, and became a machinist. For thirteen 
 years he engaged his services to the Ohio and Mississippi railway 
 company. He was appointed post-master under Gen. Grant's ad- 
 ministration, in 1869. Had officiated in this capacity for about 
 two years prior, during Johnson's administration, as he served out 
 the term of his predecessor and brother-in-law, .E. W. Wider. As 
 post-master he has proved faithful and capable, and has won uni- 
 versal esteem. He was married to Sarah E. Cunningham, a most 
 estimable lady from Ohio, on the 24th of December, 1863. By 
 this union there are six children. In politics Mr. Sikking is an 
 ardent, outspoken republican, who has the honor of having°always 
 been true to his party, and party friends. Takes an active part in 
 both local and national affiilrs. He and his wife are members of 
 the M. E. church. He is also a member of the Masonic order. As 
 a citizen he is quiet, unassuming, straightforward, and one that can- 
 not be swerved from the path of duty. 
 
ij.«iii J jmj..^^ y i^Jl " i.si 
 
 
 Wo RKI NGM £ n's BaNKING Co . EaST St . Lq U I S , I LL. 
 
 iU'' 
 
 ','j,".j,;fl'?';,'.ty-;/^_^ 
 
 ^^■fe^^Mfe^^ 
 
 Pesioence or Capt. JOHN TREND LEY, EastSt Lnuis , III. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 315 
 
 -h'^^^ Of-^lM^ 
 
 Identified with the interests of East St. Louis for the last fifty- 
 five years, during which time nothicg of public moment has been 
 started but that has had a share of his attention, Capt. John 
 Trendley is looked upon as one of the fathers of the city. To adopt 
 his language, " he wore out in the service as ferryman five horse- 
 boats," and the company are now using the twenty-fifth steam ferry 
 boat, whilst he yet lives to take an active interest in the work. He 
 was born in the Black Forest, Germany, June 20, 1804. Came to 
 America in 1817, landing first at Alexandria, Virginia. Two years 
 after he came up the Mississippi from New Orleans, and located 
 
 here. He was married to Harriett Aberle, a Swiss lady, March 28, 
 1828, who died March 21, 1869. Capt. Trendley preserves his 
 faculties in a remarkable degree, and delights in living in the past, 
 recounting the incidents of an active and well-spent life. His con- 
 tributions to the upbuilding of his adopted city have perhaps been 
 more notable than those of any other one man. He is prepared to 
 spend the evening of life in the enjoyment of comforts, the fruitage 
 of a life of economy and industry. As one of the pioneers, a sketch 
 of his life's work will be found in its appropriate place in this 
 work. 
 
316 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 '^- ^"t^\fl 
 
 The Messiok family, as the name indicates, ivere of GermaD ori- 
 gin. When they first came to Aroerica is unknown. That they 
 first settled in Virginia has been fairly established. Joseph W. 
 Mesfick, the father of the subject of this tketch, ami his wife, Sa- 
 rah Me.-sick, nee Kittinger, were natives of Kentucky. The an- 
 cestors of the Kitlingers were Pennsylvanians. Joseph B. Messick 
 was born in Macoupin county, in this state, January 29tb,1847. As 
 a youth he followed the plow, cared for &tock, and such other work 
 as is incident to the life of a farmer lad. Here he formed habits of 
 industry and honesty that have ever prompted him in his associa- 
 tions with his fellow-men. Full of hop)e, he has ever looked on the 
 bright tide of life ; fond of jokej and joking, his eompuiiioiiship has 
 always been sought. His elementary education, ac(]uircd in the 
 rural district school, was su])plementcd by attendance, during the 
 years 18G6 and 18G7, at Shuitlcff College, Upper Alton. ] laving 
 thus fitted himself for the work, he engaged in teaching, that uni- 
 versal stepping-stone to the higher profci-sional life — and, as he 
 taught, he studied law. As a teacher, he succeeded, and after his 
 admission to the bar in 1871, continued iu the work. He was ad- 
 mitted to practice in Carlinville, and, at first, thought to locate at 
 that point, but, after his school closed, determined on seeking a new 
 field, and did so, locating in East St. Louis. Here he rapidly 
 gained friends, acquired practice, and received recognition as a 
 lawyer of promise. In 1875 he was elected judge of the city court 
 of East St. Louis. As a judge he presided with dignity, and with 
 satisfaction to the bar. Political life possesses a strong attrwction 
 for hin], hence with each campaign he is found an ardent advocate 
 
 for his political preferences, both upon the stump and in social con- 
 ver e. A pronounced and uncompromising republican, his voice 
 and vote were employed to aid in the election of the captain of the 
 age, General Grant, to the Presidency. During the campaigns of 
 1876 and 1880, he made telling speeches iu behalf of republican 
 princi])lcs. His patriotism wa^ taught him at his father's fireside 
 When hut seventeen years of age, he volunteered as a private iu 
 company "'I," 144th Pegiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and 
 served until the end of the war. On February 1st, 1881, he was 
 appointed U. S. Deputy Collector Internal Revenue, for the 4th 
 Division, 13th District Illinois. A posititui for which his attain- 
 ments well adaj)! him. The annual collections for the division 
 amount to an aggregate of about a million dollars. As a speaker, 
 Judge Messick is earnest and impressive. Varying his eflTorts with 
 ilaslus of wit anil sarcasm, he does not fail to impress the minds of 
 his hearers. His language, wdiile it is chaste and appropriate, de- 
 rives additional force from his tall and commandins; figure. He 
 has admirable conversational powers, and, with his inexhaustible 
 fund of anecdotes and large amount of good humor, he never fails 
 to amuse and entertain his friends. Physically, he is six feet two 
 inches iu height, erect and well-proportioned. Personally, he has 
 fine <iualities ; generous and frank ; he is strongly attached to his 
 friends and preserves that same familiarity that characterized his 
 youth. Tender-hearted and benevolent, he is always ready to assk-t 
 the needy. In his character he combines those qualities of mind 
 and heart that render him deservedly popular, and secure to him 
 the warm friendship of all who know hiiu. 
 
EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 317 
 
 MAURICE E. TISSIER. 
 
 The able editor of the East St. Louis Herald, was born in Florisant, 
 St. Louis county, Missouri, December 25, 1853. His parents are 
 both living. His father is a grocer by occupation. His mother's 
 maiden name was Mary Formaz. The Tissiers came to America in 
 1849, from Switzerland. They located first in Wisconsin, thence 
 went to Chicago, and last to St. Louis. Maurice F. Tissier 
 attended the college of the Christian Brothers in 1865 and 
 1866 ; then St. Vincent's College, at Cape Girardeau three years, 
 and last St. Vincent's Seminary, in Germantown, Pennsylvania, 
 where he graduated in 1873, after which he returned to St. Louis 
 and commenced commercial life, clerking for his father, who was 
 then in the clothier's trade. On the 18th of August, 1875, he was 
 married to Miss Catharine Myers, of Carondelet. This was notable 
 as having been the first solemn nuptial High Mass wedding in East 
 St. Louis. By this marriage there have been born three children ; 
 Louis, who was born on the first anniversary of the wedding day, 
 Mary, and Maurice Nicholas. In 1875 Mr. Tissier went into the 
 grocery business on the Island, where he remained two years, vaca- 
 ting in favor of his father, whose store had been destroyed by the 
 bridge fire in February. In May, 1877, he was appointed city 
 
 clerk by Mayor Bowman, which position he held until discharged 
 in December. In March of the following year he was reinstated in 
 this position by vote of the city council, and held it two years. His 
 first writing for the press was in 1874, at which time he averred the 
 time would come when he would own and edit a newspaper. In 
 1878 he started the East St. Louis Herald as an opposition paper — 
 that is, opposition to the Bowman rule in the city. This paper has 
 met the approval of the people, and, being well conducted, is a 
 recognized power in local jiolitics. Mr. Tissier is a member of the 
 Board of Education, in whose work he takes a lively interest. He 
 is a member of the order of Catholic Knights of America, and is at 
 present the recording secretary of his branch, and was a delegate to 
 their last national convention. He was appointed a Notary Public 
 July 4, 1877, by Gov. Cullom, to which position he was re-appoint- 
 ed in 1881. As a business man he is prompt and energetic ; as a 
 citizen, alive to the best interests of his community. A true friend 
 himself, he lacks not for friendship ; gentlemanly and courteous in 
 manner, he and his paper, which reflects his sentiments, are grow- 
 ing in popular favor. 
 
318 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLIAOIS. 
 
 Sir" ^W^^^-" 
 
 Few firms are bolder in the execution of their plans or are pos- 
 sessed of greater courage in experimenting where grand aims are 
 to be attained or much means lost than the Heim Brothers, an en- 
 graving of whose buildings adorn this work. Ferdinand Heim, 
 the elder of the brothers, was born in Wolfert, Austria, February 
 27th, 1830, and came to America in 1851. His fiithcr, Wuunibalil 
 Heim, a rope-maker and farmer, died in Austria, in 1857. Fi'rdi- 
 nand, after reaching this country, located in Utica, New Y(u-k, 
 where he engaged in his father's occupation of rope-iiiaking, in 
 which industry he continued for two years. The great west was at 
 that time the magnet of attraction, so he moved to ])ul)U(|ue, Iowa, 
 where after a short sojourn he again moved to St. Louis, Missouri, 
 where he pursued his trade until the time of the arrival of his 
 brother, Michael Heim, whereupon they embarked in the dairying 
 industry, which they successfully prosecuted for about five years. 
 
 They next engaged in the cattle trade, an easy transition from their 
 former pursuit, which they followed about six years. In 1869 they 
 commenced operations as brewers, in which industry they have 
 been eminently successful, having perhaps the best equipped estab- 
 lishment in the state of Illinois. Every modern improvement, calcu- 
 lated to advance their industry, is at once adopted. At great 
 expense, they have introduced an ice manufacturing machine, 
 which works like a charm. By its aid the pillars and walls of their 
 cellars— if cellars, a large building might be termed — are enc«sed 
 in jierpctual ice. A full description of their brewery may be found 
 elsewhere in this work. As illustrative of the magnitude of their 
 trade, it may be cited that they purchase about $3000 worth of 
 revenue stamps per month, and the business is rapidly increasing. 
 Ferdinand Heim was married to Elizabeth Beil, Feb. 15th, 1855, 
 by whom he has three sons, Joseph J., Ferdinand F., and Michael. 
 
FERDINAND H EIM ,PRES?T M ICHAEL H El M ,S ECY. & TR EAS . J OS. J . H E I M ,\/ICE PRES ?T 
 
 he/m's brewing company, east ST. lo U / S . I l l . 
 
EISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 no 
 
 'Coao^^ ^^^e^^^T-^^i^^ 
 
 So closely interwoven is the history of Michael Heim with that of 
 his elder brother, Ferdinand — whose biography appears on the oppo- 
 site page — that it is difficult to write of them separately. He was 
 born in Wolfert, Austria, February 12th, 1839, and came to Amer- 
 ica in 1854 to join his brother, which he did in St. Louis, Missouri, 
 embarking in different enterprises with him. He was married to 
 Anna Beil in October, 1862, by whom he has two children, Ferdi- 
 nand and John George by name. His wife is a niece of the wife 
 of his brother, so that the relationship between their children is a 
 
 pleasant conundrum of his joking brother. Fie is a member of the 
 order of I. 0. 0. F., also of the Knights of Honor. The firm of 
 which he is a member have been successful in the prosecution of 
 their business, and far-sighted in its management. It is one of the 
 most pop)ular in East St. Louis, as it deserves to be. Never dis- 
 couraged, ever hopeful, they press on with energy to accomplish 
 their ends. The destruction of their brewery by fire, a few years 
 ago, daunted them not, but pha?nix-like, it was caused to spring 
 from the flames better and larger than before. 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 A MEMBER of the City Council of East St. Louis, was born in 
 Staffordshire, England, October 22d, 184G. His father, who bore 
 the same name, was a worker in iron. lie made the first wrought 
 iron twine for blasting purposes ever invented. He came to America 
 in 1858, and at once made his way to East St. Louis via Siiringfield 
 and Alton, Illinois. It was during the prevalence of higli waters 
 of that year. Several bridges had been washed away, so tliat pas- 
 sengers on the C. and A. railroad had to be transferred to waiting 
 cars across streams which the subject of this sketch swam in making 
 his way here. As a result the family lost all their baggage and 
 found themselves on the dyke at East St. Louis quite destitute. They 
 next went to Urbana or Freeburg, as it is now called, where they 
 
 pursued the work of blacksmithing. Returning to East St. Louis 
 they engaged their services to the rolling mills. At present Levi 
 Baugh, Jr., is Superintendent of the East St. Louis Rendering 
 Works, in which he is a stockholder, and which position he has 
 held since 1873. Tolitically he is a conservative democrat. Is not 
 active in politics, caring more for business. He is a member of the 
 Knights of Pythias, of which order he is a charter member, and at 
 present Master of Exchequer ; also of the Knights of Honor. He 
 was married to Margaret M. Mayerhofer, July 26, 1866, by whom 
 he has had four children, three of whom are living. He is a man 
 of excellent social qualities, fine business tact, and sound judgment. 
 
HISTOBY 01 ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 321 
 
 The present efficient Police Magistrate of the city of East St. 
 Louis, was born in Madison county, Indiana, August 24tb, 1836. 
 His father, John Renshaw, was a farmer. His mother's maiden 
 name was Malinda Cissna. They were married in Chillicothe, 
 Ohio, in 1820. In the family were two sons and four daughters. 
 When John was about eight years of age his parents moved to 
 Belleville, this county. His earlier years were passed in discharg- 
 ing the duties of a farmer lad and attending school. At about the 
 age of ten years his father took him iri company, on a trip to Nau- 
 voo, which at the time was in the height of Mormon glory. The 
 trip was made by ox-team. The stone oxen which supported an 
 altar in the temple struck his boyish fancy, and left an impression 
 upon his memory not to be effaced. At Belleville his school-fellows 
 were Charles P. Johnson, Wesley Merritt, John B. Hay, James 
 Hay and William Orr, several of whom have attained to consider- 
 able distinction in life. In 1856 the Captain left Belleville to make 
 his home iu Warrenton, Mississippi, where he engaged in mercan- 
 tile pursuits, in partnership with a cousin. Here he remained until 
 the breaking out of the war. Warrenton was in Jefferson Davis' 
 precinct, and in 1860 the Captain served as a judge in the presi- 
 dential election. Being a northern or union democrat, his first vote 
 for President, which was cast at this election, was given for the 
 "Little Giant," Stephen A. Douglas. When war-clouds grew 
 threatening, and the call for troops in behalf of southern independ- 
 ence was sent forth in the spring of 1861, he quietly took his de- 
 parture for his old home at Belleville, where he worked for a time 
 at his trade, that of a plasterer. In 1864 he volunteered in the 
 41 
 
 149th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and was at once elected Cap- 
 tain of Co. C. This regiment was marched through Georgia in the 
 wake of Sherman's armj', in their memorable march to the sea, en- 
 gaged in garrisoning railroads. Halts were made at Atlanta, 
 Chattanooga, Dal ton and Cleveland, where supplies were to be 
 guarded. After the war was practically ended, the Captain's com- 
 pany was detailed to aid in enforcing measures of reconstruction, 
 in which service they continued until discharged, June 27th, 1866, 
 at Alton. 
 
 He returned home to Belleville, but soon after concluded to 
 locate in East St. Louis, which he did in 1868. Here he went 
 into the coal business, in which he was quite successful. In 1872 
 he was appointed Chief of Police, which position he has retained 
 ever since. As Chief of Police he has had much to contend with — 
 has witnessed threatened riots, which, but for his courage and 
 promptitude, might have resulted in much bloodshed. His name 
 is a terror to evil-doers. Perhaj^s no man deserves as much credit 
 for breaking up prize-fighting in this vicinity as he. In the face of 
 great opposition, and when begged by friends not to take the step, 
 he swore out the first warrants against prize-fighters, boarded the 
 boat Continental, on which the roughs were taking passage to the 
 head of the island, and by the aid of a few friends checked the fray. 
 The step was a bold one, and boldly was it executed. Prosecutions 
 followed, which were successful. He was married to Caroline 
 Trendley, daughter of Capt. John Trendley of the Wiggins' Ferry 
 Company, May 13, 1873. By this marriage there have been born 
 three children : Henry T., John W., and Eugene. Politically, the 
 
322 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Captain is a democrat. Has held the position of school treasurer 
 for a term of three years, during which service he had to give a 
 bond for $100,000. So faithfully has he discharged his duties as 
 Chief of Police ; so unrelenting has been his warfare against crooks 
 and evil-doers; so earnest his endeavors to maintain the peace, that 
 he is continued in the position for which nature seems especially to 
 have fitted him. 
 
 P. H. STACK. 
 
 East St. Louis is eminently a cosmopolitan city. Here are 
 gathered representatives of all nationalities. Unlike many cities of 
 like size, no one nation is represented among her people in numerical 
 strength sufficient to control her polities or local government. 
 Among those hailing from the Emerald Isle no one deserves more 
 prominent mention, or is held in higher esteem for his talents and 
 worth as a citizen and man, than he whose name heads this article. 
 A recognized leader among not only his people, but among the 
 people generally, P. H. Stack is an honored name. He was 
 born in Tullihinell, Barrylongford parish", Kerry county, Ireland, 
 May 11, 1828. His father was a farmer of the better class, being 
 a landed proprietor ; but reverses came, as come they will, in this 
 instance, growing out of the famine which visited his native island 
 in 1849, by which he lost much property. Gathering together the 
 fragments of his wealth, he determined on seeking a new home 
 across the ocean, and accordingly landed in New York in February, 
 1849. He brought with him a large family, — eleven in all, to 
 ■ which one was added here, and one was left behind in Ireland, a 
 daughter who had married there. Of this family, six were boys, 
 and eight were girls. Garrett Stack, for that was bis name, bought 
 a farm of two hundred and forty acres in Canada. A few years 
 after, he returned to the United States, and died in New York in 
 1857. P. H. Stack did not remain with his father, but struck out for 
 himself, locating first in Cleveland, Ohio, where he laid the founda- 
 tion for a liberal education with which he is blessed. From here he 
 went to Nashville, Tennessee, where he became the student of Bishop 
 Miles, then to Carondelet, where he studied with Bishop Kendrick. 
 His wanderings were those of a student ; his ambition was to pre- 
 pare himself for the priesthood. During intermissions from study 
 he engaged his services in several capacities to railroad companies 
 at times, as foreman on works or as sub-contractor. He built 
 three miles of the Chicago and Alton railroad. This business car- 
 ried him from place to place ; thus we find him at Chicago, Natchez, 
 Memphis and at other places. At Chicago he was married to Mar- 
 garet Sellis, on the 4th of November, 1855. By this marriage he 
 has four children— Johanna, now the wife of Frank Healey, bridge 
 collector ; Garrett J., assistant cashier 0. & M. E. K. ; John J. 
 student in Jones' commercial college, St. Louis, and Margaret F. 
 The breaking out of the war found him located in Natchez, Missis- 
 sipi, where he was foreman and paymaster on leveeing. From 
 thence he came north, and was employed by the Missouri <fe Pacific 
 railroad company, but bushwhackers along the route determined 
 him on finding a safer place ; hence he came to East St. Louis, 
 
 where he has since resided. Here he has kept a boarding-house, and 
 attended to his growing real estate interests. He owns ten or 
 twelve residences here and a fine farm of one hundred and forty 
 acres near Carlyle, Clinton county, Illinois, together with much 
 other property, the accumulation of a life of energy and pluck. 
 He has held various positions to which his fellow citizens have 
 chosen ,him, as justice of the peace, for a period of eight years ; 
 school director, one term ; member of the board of health, one 
 term. He was at one {ime a defeated candidate for the mayoralty ; 
 he is politically a democtat, opposed to monopolies and all grabbing 
 schemes, and refuses to become the tool of corporations. He and his 
 family are members of the Koman Catholic church. 
 
 HENRY D. O'BRIEN. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Calais, Maine, on the 21st 
 day of January, 1843, and is the son of Wetmore O'Brien and 
 Sarah M., nee Smith. 
 
 When seven years of age his parents rnoved to Detroit, Michi- 
 gan, where he attended school. In 1855 they moved to Min- 
 neapolis, Mianesjta. After remaining here a short time, he 
 returned to Detroit, where he learned the watch-making and 
 jeweler's trade. Thence he went to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to attend 
 school, then to his home in Minneapolis. 
 
 • At the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the 1st regiment, 
 Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Was wounded at the battle of 
 Gettysburg'in the head, hand and side, and while carrying the 
 regimental flag, the staff was shot from his hands. At the battle of 
 Deep Bottom, or Strawberry plains, which was fought on Sunday, 
 August 14th, 1864, he was, whilst making a charge, shot through 
 the right shoulder and lung. After being absent a short time he 
 returned to the regiment, and was present on the field when Lse 
 surrendered. He passed through nearly all the battles in which 
 the army of the Potomac was engaged, and served in every posi- 
 tion from that of private to Lieut. Colonel. At the close of the 
 war he was Major of the regiment, and Adjutant General of Mor- 
 row's Division, Army of the Tennessee. 
 
 Returning to Minnesota, he received the appointment as post- 
 master of East Minneapolis from President Johnson, and at the 
 expiration of his commission was re-appointed by President Grant, 
 and held the position for nearly seven years. Through the advice 
 of physicians he came to St. Louis in 1873, for treatment of the 
 wound in his shoulder, but notwithstanding the efforts of the best 
 surgeons in the city, is still troubled with it. Mr. O'Brien has been 
 editor and publisher of the Gazette for the past four years, and 
 previous to that served in a similar capacity on the Press. He is a 
 republican in politics, a liberal in his religious views, a member of 
 the Masonic order, and the Knights of Pythian, having been Past 
 Chancellor in the latter order, and for several years has been a mem- 
 ber of the G. A- R- He was married in 1867 to Miss Emma S. Sin- 
 clair. She died in February, 1873. He is still a widower. 
 
Farm Residence or CLEMENT BEVELOT, Esq. Centreville Road, East st.louis, ill . 
 
 OLDHoMEScPRESEtrrFARMREsmENCEOF AMBROSE J0NES,SRiSecJ7J.Z^R.aW/ASTSrLouiaPR.STGLM^ 
 
FRENCH VILLAGE PRECINCT. 
 
 [his precinct was settled by CahokiaDs about th® 
 year 1800, and the first settlement was known 
 as Little French Village. In 1837 it contained 
 only fifteen or twenty families, but it now com- 
 prises at least one hundred and twenty fami- 
 lies, nearly all of whom are of French descent. 
 It lies in the north-western part of the county, 
 and is bounded on the north by the precincts of 
 East St. Louis and Casey ville ; on the east by 
 Casey ville and O'Fallon ; on the south by Belle- 
 ville and Cahokia ; on the west by Cahokia 
 and East St. Louis, and contains about 7,700 acres. It extends 
 nearly a mile into the bluflf, which comprises about one-fifth of the 
 precinct. There are nearly seven hundred acres of the bottom land 
 that are included in the ponds or lakes. In extreme dry seasons, a 
 portion of this is susceptible of cultivation, and is the best land for 
 corn that the Bottoms contain. These lakes are fed, during high 
 water, from the Mississippi through the bayous, and are, therefore, 
 well supplied with an abundance of the finny tribe, such as buffalo, 
 cat, bass, etc. It Ls said that in an early day the wild swans, ducks, 
 and geese were so numerous on these lakes, that it was almost im- 
 possible for the people living near them to sleep nights, on account 
 of the quacking and confubion caused by the wild fowls. One old 
 gentleman gives an account of killing twenty-two ducks at one shot, 
 and that it was no uncommon occurrence for a good sportsman to 
 kill and bring home in one day, a French cart-load of wild 
 game. 
 
 Like the rest of the American Bottom, the most of the precinct 
 has very meagre drainage. An attempt was made about ten years 
 ago to drain it by means of a big ditch cut through from Spring 
 Lake to Big Lake, and thence into Prairie du Pont creek. The 
 ditch was dug, but it proved of little or no value on account of a 
 lack of fall. Schoenberger creek heads in the bluff and winds 
 around for several miles in the north-eastern part of the precinct, 
 but the people here say that it is so contrary that it runs up stream 
 instead of down. 
 
 The first farm was improved by Laurence Schoenberger, who had 
 come to this country in the year 1789. He settled here about the 
 year 1800, and entered his first land on section twenty-five in 1814. 
 He became the largest land-owner in this part of the county ; his 
 possessions extended from section twenty-five east, to some distance 
 into the bluff. Laurence Pensoneau settled here about the same 
 time as the above, and located oa section twenty-three. His wife's 
 name was Odele Galliot. They brought up quite a family of chil- 
 dren, one of whom, Stephen, is now living near the old homestead, 
 
 and is one of the oldest citizens. He has been twice married. His 
 first wife's name was Adeline Belange, who died in 1848, leaving 
 two children. Mr. Pensoneau afterwards married Miss Barbara 
 Eckman, who is still living. There have been six children born 
 from this union, the most of whom are of mature age. Among 
 other old settlers are, August Trotier, settled on section twenty-,-ix; 
 Nicholas Tourjeant, located on the same section ; Joseph Boneau, 
 settled on the Surveys ; Baptiste Chartr^nd, located on section 
 twenty-six ; Laurence Gunville, same section ; Louis Roulard, Pe- 
 ter Garah, Baptiste Graundine, Baptiste Gainard and Jerry Sulli- 
 van, all located on section twenty-three; Joseph Lepage and Jo- 
 seph Valentine, on the Surveys. The above persons settled in the 
 precinct about the same time, to wit : 1800. 
 
 The first mill was built by John Derosch, about 1820, and was 
 owned by Joseph Boneau. It was situated on the old Vincennes 
 stite road, now rock-road, and opposite Mrs. Amelia Boneau's pres- 
 ent brick residence. It was a two-story frame building, with one 
 run of stone, and was propelled by oxen on the old tread-wheel 
 principle of action. The mill has long since disappeared, and a 
 flourishing orchard is now growing on the old site. The first store 
 was built in 1838, and was situated oa what is now the rock-road, 
 not far from ihe mill. It was a frame building, two stories, and 
 owned and operated by Glode C. Belange. 
 
 Joseph Boneau established the first blacksmith shop in 1838. 
 It was a log structure, 14x14, and situated on Mr. Boneau's land 
 in the Surveys, on the Belleville rock-road. The first post-office 
 was establi-hed in 1849, on the rock-road, and was called French 
 Village. The first postmaster was John Penn. Glode C. Belange 
 kept the first hotel, and run it in coaneciion with his store. 
 
 For the benefit of future generations, we will state here that all 
 there is, or ever haa been, of what is known as French Village, (not 
 referring to the precinct) is, in fact, no village at all, but a few 
 houses scattered along for some distance on the Belleville rock-road, 
 and has been, for euphony or convenience, called a village. The 
 most of these are farm houses, interspersed with two or three small 
 shops or country business houses. 
 
 The first church was built by the Catholic denomination in 1842, 
 and situated on section twenty-six. It is a fram e building, and was 
 constructed under the supervision of Rev. Peter Deturlin, who was 
 its first pastor. The cemetery is situated on the same lot, just east 
 of the church. It is kept in excellent order, as everything in or 
 about it show the marks of thoughtful and careful attention. 
 The first school-house was built in 1829, and situated on the old 
 Vinceunes state road, in section twenty-five. John Robinson was 
 the first teacher. A fine brick school-house was built in 1869, and 
 
 323 
 
324 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 situated in section twenty-six, near the Catholic church. The cost 
 of construction was $2500, and it is so arranged that two teachers 
 are employed, and is conveniently operated as a semi-graded 
 school. 
 
 There are two coal mines in operation in the precinct at this 
 writing. The first was owned and operated by Joseph Boneau, in 
 an early day, and was situated about a half mile south of French 
 Village. Mr. Boneau was also the first to introduce blooded stock 
 into this part of the county, which was in 1832. Among the early 
 justices of the peace, we find the names of Lambert Boneau, Ama- 
 nial Trotier and Deno Pellitier. The former was probably the first 
 justice in the precinct. 
 
 In early days the people underwent many privations and hard- 
 shipsi but were contented and happy ; indeed, to converse with the 
 old settlers, one would feel convinced that their pleasures of long 
 ago, exceeded those of to-day. They manufactured everything 
 they wore from cap to shoes. The women wore home-made dresses, 
 colored with sumac bark, and the bonnet was simj)ly a blue hand- 
 kerchief wrapped carelessly around the head. Before the church 
 was built in this precinct, the people attended church services in 
 Cahokia. Their mode of conveyance was the French cart, usually 
 drawn by oxen, but a few of the more aristocratic were supplied 
 with horses. The cart would take the premium as a first-class cu- 
 riosity, if placed on exhibition at the present time. It was wholly 
 constructed of wood, the wheels not even being bound with a tire. 
 The axle, where it entered the hub, was six inches in diameter, 
 while the hub was about six feet in circumference. The body or 
 bed was a frame resting on the axle and pole, with six standards 
 placed upright in the frame, and interwoven, wicker fashion, with 
 hazel brush or willows. The horses were harnessed to pull from 
 the haunches instead of the shoulders ; while the oxen were yoked 
 at the head as we see in pictures of the olden times. The greasing 
 process was as unique as the vehicle itself. This was done with a 
 bountiful supply of soft-soap. 
 
 Land Entries. — The first land entered was by Furgeson & Trot- 
 ier, September 27th, 1814, in section 26, south-east quarter, contain- 
 ing one hundred and sixty acres. Gabriel Marlot entered Septem- 
 ber 29th, 1814, all of section 24, being six hundred and forty acres. 
 October 1st, 1814, John Hendricks entered one hundred and sixty 
 acres of the north-east quarter of section 36. J. L. Schoneberger, 
 December 23d, 1814, entered the north-west quarter in section 25, 
 being one hundred and sixty acres. One hundred and fifty-five 
 acres in the north-east quarter of section 21, was entered by Louis 
 Jarvis the 24th of December, 1814. 
 
 Transportation Facilities. — One of the best wagon roads in the 
 state passes through this precinct, and is known as the rock road. 
 It extends from Belleville to East St. Louis, and is in excellent 
 condition, being macadamized with lime stone. The Illinois and St. 
 Louis railroad cuts across the south-western part of the precinct, 
 and takes a north-westerly direction, extending along near the line to 
 East St. Louis. The South Eastern railway passes entirely 
 through the precinct from the north-west to the south-east, entering 
 on section 21, and passes out near the south-east corner of sec- 
 tion 36. 
 
 Situated on the rock road, after leaving the blufi" going west, for 
 perhaps three-fourths of a mile, is what is called French Village 
 proper, and has already been described. At this writing there are 
 the following business houses scattered along the road : A frame 
 two-story hotel, kept by John Borgmeyr ; one general store, with 
 H. Kaune as proprietor ; two blacksmith shops, one of which car- 
 ries on carriage making in connection with the shop, and is con- 
 ducted by Louis Fetterer. The other is owned and operated by 
 Augustus Kehr. George Hollinger keeps a boot and shoe shop, 
 and there are also three saloons sprinkled along the line. About 
 half a mile north of the rock road, and situated on what is known 
 as the Blufi" road, is quite an extensive malt house. It was erected 
 in 1867, by Thomas Frick, who conducted it for about three years, 
 when it passed into the hands of H. A. Steinnecke, the present pro- 
 prietor. It is three stories, including basement, and is constructed 
 of brick with stone foundation. Its size on the ground is 40x100 
 feet, and cost $8000. It is supplied with two tanks, the larger of 
 which is capable of holding three hundred bushels of barley, and 
 the smaller, one hundred and fifty bushels. Its capacity is 15,000 
 bushels of malt per annum, and gives employment to four hands. 
 The annual value of manufactured material is $15,000. The bu- 
 siness is under the immediate supervision of August Frank, fore- 
 man. An ice house belongs to the same firm, and is constructed 
 in the blufi" near the malt-building. It is about ten feet high by 
 ten in width, and extends into the blufi" upwards of twenty feet, and 
 will store thirty tons of ice. A small saloon is situated a little north 
 of the malt house. There is but one physician in the precinct, Dr. 
 Chas. H. Christoflfe. James Lepage and Nicholas Boul are the pre- 
 sent justices of the peace. 
 
 The people of French Village are an industrious and hard-work- 
 ing class, and if they could succeed in obtaining adequate drainage 
 to their farms, they have lands so fertile that they could challenge 
 the world to compete with them in their productions. 
 
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CAHOKIA PRECINCT. 
 
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 "%-»- 
 
 [HIS is indeed historic ground, its settlement be- 
 ginning just about midway between the land 
 ing of Columbus upon American shores and 
 the present time. It is situated in the western 
 part of the county, and bounded on the north 
 by the precincts of East St. Louis and French 
 Village, on the east by French Village and 
 Belleville, on the south by Centerville, and west 
 by Prairie du Pont and Mississippi river, and 
 contains upwards of 22,000 acres of rich alluvial soil of the 
 American Bottom, except a portion of the south and south-east, 
 which extends into the bluff for some distance. The drainage 
 of the bottom land is necessarily poor, on account of being so 
 nearly on a plane with the Mississippi. The few streams empty 
 into the sloughs or Big Lake, and thence through a large artificial 
 ditch to Prairie du Pont creek, and into the Mississippi. It is said, 
 and is probably true, that the American Bottoms can never have 
 an adequate system of drainage without lowering the bed of the 
 Mississippi. The drainage question of the Bottoms has for many 
 years been an unsolved problem, and will probably remain so until 
 some freak of nature shall settle the vexed questio n . 
 
 The soil of the Bottoms is not surpassed in fertility anywhere on 
 the globe. That it is inexhaustible has been proved by over a cen- 
 tury and a half's tillage. This is largely due to the deposits of silt 
 left after the overflowing of the Bottoms by the river. There have 
 been several of these inundations within the last century, some of 
 which have proved very disastrous to the villages and productions 
 of the farmers. These occur usually in June, when the snow and 
 ice of the mountain regions melt and flow back to the gulf. The 
 first great rise in the river of which history gives any account, 
 occurred in 1770 ; and in 1772 the whole bottom was under water. 
 Again, in 1784, a deep inundation took place. Cahokia was several 
 feet under water, and the inhabitants fled to the bluff south-east of 
 the village for safety during the flood. A considerable inundation 
 occurred in 1826, but no very great damage was done. The deepest 
 and most destructive overflow was in 1844. Large steamers plied 
 from bluff" to bluff". Villages, orchards, fences and nearly every 
 improvement made was swallowed up and swept away by this flood. 
 The villages of Cahokia, Prairie du Pont and Illinoistown (now 
 East St. Louis), were almost destroyed, from the effects of which 
 the former two have never recovered. In 1851 and 1858 there were 
 very destructive floods, doing much damage to real and personal 
 property. The dikes at East St. Louis and the government dil!;es 
 midway between the above city and East Carondelet have been 
 auxiliary in preserving what is left of Cahokia village. 
 
 Many years ago, Cahokia creek emptied into the river just north 
 of the village ; its old bed is plainly visible to this day. Peck says, 
 in his Gazetteer, that " Cahokia creek formerly passed the village of 
 Cahokia and entered the Mississippi further down, but a mischievous 
 Frenchman, having a pique against the village, cut a channel from 
 the creek to the river, and formed its present outlet." But there is 
 no evidence to sustain the theory that the creek ever emptied into 
 the river below the village. No sign of a channel or creek-bed can 
 be discovered south of the village, and the oldest inhabitants 
 informed us that there had been no history or tradition among 
 them to sustain Mr. Peck's theory. It is true that a Frenchman 
 turned the course of the stream at a point about midway between 
 Cahokia and East St. Louis. This was done by cutting a ditch 
 through a rise of ground that lay between the creek and a slough 
 not far from the river. The stream wore its way through the high 
 ground into the depression or slough, and thence into the river. 
 This was its course until the construction of the Pittsburg dike at 
 East St. Louis, when its course was diverted to its present mouth, 
 just north of the dike. 
 
 Portions of the Bottom, especially along the creeks, Cahokia and 
 Prairie du Pont, were formerly covered with heavy timber, such as 
 black walnut, Cottonwood, elm, oak and other varieties; but the 
 most of it has been cleared away to give room to civilization. Many 
 ■ ancient mounds were, and a few may yet be seen near the borders 
 of these craeks. In these as in all others, when excavated, arefound 
 human bones, shells and pottery that were deposited at some period 
 by a pre-historic race. 
 
 Wheat is the chief product of the farmers, though much corn is 
 cultivated, and with excellent success. There are many fine or- 
 chards, but mainly confined to apples. Cabbage and other vegeta- 
 bles are cultivated quite extensively and marketed at St. Louis. 
 
 The exact date of the first settlement at Cahokia seems to be an 
 unsettled question among historians. According to Peck, the vil- 
 lage of Cahokia was founded in 1683, by members of La [Salle's 
 party who were left behind on his return to France. Reynolds 
 says, " That in the year 1686, Tonti, then chief and captain-general, 
 in conducting the war against the British and Iroquois, heard of his 
 friend La Salle being in the West Indies, and descended to the 
 mouth of the Mississippi in search of him, but returned without 
 him.- On the route he established the post of Arkansas, and I pre- 
 sume the settlements of Illinois, Peoria, Cahokia, and Kaskaskia 
 may date their existence from the same period, 1686, or before." 
 Another author s^ys, " Cahokia, first called Notre Dame des Kaho- 
 Uas, from good authority appears to have been a trading post and 
 mission station earlier than Kaskaskia, and that both were settled 
 
 325 
 
32G 
 
 EISTOBT OF ST. CLAIE COV^'TY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 by missionaries as early and perhaps before 1690." He further 
 says, " That it is stated on good authority that a missionary known 
 as Father Pinnet, founded Cahokia, and was successful in convert- 
 ing many of the Indians to Christianity." Let it be as it may, not 
 far from two centuries ago a few zealous French missionaries estab- 
 lished themselves among the savage Kahokians for the pure pur- 
 pose of teaching them the doctrines of Christianity. These formed 
 the nucleus from which Cahokia grew and became the first settle- 
 ment on the Mississippi. 
 
 The Indian traders soon followed the missionaries, and built 
 stone houses, and commenced traffic with the natives. The emigra- 
 tion excitement grew in intensity, and in a few years Cahokia be- 
 came a place of thrift and civilization Jby a white population mostly 
 emigrants from Canada. Their style of living at that early period 
 was but little better than that of the natives ; but about 1700 they 
 commenced to cultivate the rich bottom land around the village, 
 and to erect buildings suitable for white habitation. A church 
 was built by the missionaries, and located on the very spot where 
 the church now stands ; indeed, it is said that a part of the old 
 structure composes a portion of the frame of the present house. 
 They had no organized government until the establishment of the 
 Company of the West. Reynolds in his pioneer history says "that 
 the small number of inhabitants, and their destitution of wealth, 
 made a government entirely- useless. The leaders of the first 
 French settlements of Illinois were men of talent, and for the most 
 part of classic education, while the common classes were innocent, 
 honest and kind, and obedient to their commanders or leaders. 
 They had no itching for wealth, and if provided with a scanty sup- 
 ply of clothes, corn and deer's tallow, or meat to eat, they would 
 sing and dance, and were in fact happy, whether they were in the 
 snows of the Rocky Mountains or in the dancing saloons of Quebec. 
 " The community thus constituted needed little or no government: 
 in fact they had none until the Company of the West was estab- 
 lished in the country." 
 
 The early settlements of these people were usually in the form of 
 small, compact, patriarchal villages, living as one great family as- 
 sembled around their old men and patriarchs. The houses were 
 plain and uniform in style. Usually each homestead was surrounded 
 by its own separate inclosure of a rude picket fence. The lots of 
 Cahokia were laid out uniform in size, being 300 feet square. For 
 many years, on account of mutual protection from the Indians, the • 
 people did not live on the lands they cultivated, but had their abode 
 in the village, and went forth from day to day to perform their 
 farm labor. In order that the reader may more fully understand 
 the customs and rights of the early settlers of Cahokia, we quote 
 from Judge Breese's decision, found in the Report of 27 Illinois, 
 which relates to the inhabitanti of Cahokia and the Cahokia Com- 
 mons : 
 
 " The villagers were granted two tracts of land at convenient dis- 
 tances, for 'common fields' and 'commons.' The former was a 
 tract of laud containing several huudr ed acres, enclosed under one 
 fence, each family possessing an individual interest in a portion of 
 the field bounded from the rest. These lands were owned in fee 
 simple, and could be conveyed like any other landed property. 
 The 'commons' was situated outside and around the 'common 
 fields.' It was a tract of land granted to the town for wood, pastur- 
 age, etc. In this each had a right in common, not an individual 
 right." This tract sometimes embraced several thousand acres. 
 
 By an Act of Congress dated March 3d, 1791, a tract of land in- 
 cluding the villages of Cahokia and Prairie du Pont, and used by 
 the inhabitants as a common, was appropriated to their use as such, 
 until otherwise disposed of by law. It will be seen from the above, 
 
 that the limits of the commons were left undefined by the Act of 
 Congress of 1791. This, and subsequent questions relating thereto, 
 induced congress to appoint commissioners to inquire into and ad- 
 just the same. The following is a synopsis of their report, which 
 was made Dec. 3, 1809: 
 
 On examination, they find that a tract of land four leagues 
 square was granted to said villagers with title, etc., as above de- 
 scribed ; but as the limits of the commons were left undefined by 
 the act of 1791, it became a subject of compromise between the vil- 
 lagers and the acting governor (St. Clair) of the territory, about 
 1797, and by their consent two tracts, in all 5,400 acres, were or- 
 dered to be laid oif for this purpose. Accordingly, Gov. St. Clair 
 appointed a surveyor, and the land was located. 
 
 On examination the commissioners discovered that the surveys 
 were inaccurately made, that of Cahokia in particular. Instead of 
 4,000 acres, it ought to have contained 20,000 acres. An account 
 of the situation and circumstances of the said tracts not accommo- 
 dating the inhabitants, the board thought it best to permit a new 
 location- to be made for commons for each of the said villages, on 
 lands more conveniently situated for them. The action of the 
 commissioners was acceptable both to the people and congress. 
 Accordingly congress, on the 1st of March, 1810, passed an act 
 confirming the decisions made by the board of commissioners. The 
 lands included in the common fields retain their former boundaries, 
 the board not having them under consideration. And thus stands 
 the status of the commons at this time. 
 
 Prior to 1841 the commons of Cahokia were used by the inhabi- 
 tants only for the coumon purpose of pasturage, fuel, etc. Here 
 was a large and valuable tract of land, from which the villagers 
 were reaping but a small advantage. Accordingly they appealed 
 to the state to legalize by act of the legislature the leasing of the 
 common, or so much as should be deemed expedient, the proceeds 
 to be devoted to a common school fund for the use of the 
 villagers. 
 
 An act was passed, in accordance with their expressed desire, 
 dated Feb. 17th, 1841. This act empowers the supervisor elected 
 by the inhabitants of the village, to cause lots to be surveyed out of 
 the commons, and to lease the same for a term not to exceed one 
 hundred years. From this fund school-houses have been built, • 
 teachers employed, and all other expenses defrayed appertaining to 
 a free school system. They do not draw any of the state fund, nor 
 do they need it, as the income from the commons is more than ade- 
 quate to their wants. 
 
 Families moving from the village to the common fields, or else- 
 where, forfeit their rights to this common fund. On the other hand., 
 parties moving into the village, and becoming citizens, in accord- 
 ance with the customs of the inhabitants, acquire an equal right to the 
 benefits of said fund, the same as those who may have always Taeen 
 natives of the village. 
 
 The first house built in the precinct outside of Cahokia village 
 was erected about 1834, by Louis Pensoueau. It was a small log 
 structure, a story and a half in height, and situated near where the 
 Illinois and St. Louis railroad crosses the highway leading to Paps- 
 town ; and a mile and a half south-east of Jarrot's station. The 
 old stone chimney still stands as a landmark to inform the passer- 
 by that this is the oldest relic of its kind belonging to the common 
 fields of Cahokia. 
 
 From the date of the foregoing, and what has already been stated 
 with regard to the customs of the first settlers, relative to their 
 clustering together in villages for mutual protection, etc., it will 
 readily be seen that this chapter's history is confined almost entirely 
 to the ancient. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 327 
 
 VILLAGE OF CAHOKIA. 
 
 That it is nearly two centuries old, and the first built on the banks 
 of the Father of Waters, as well as the first in the Mississippi valley, 
 has already been established. The village lies entirely within what is 
 known as survey No. 759, which was originally a part of the com- 
 mons. The plat is very nearly in the form of the outline of the 
 boundaries of the State of New York. The larger portion of the 
 site of the old village is now contained in the river slough, west of 
 the present village. At the time of its settlement it was a perfect 
 wilderness. Heavy timber of oak, elm, sycamore, and walnut 
 covered the entire tract. New-comers were hailed with warmth, and 
 the custom was to measure them off 300 feet square for a house, 
 garden and stable-lot. This of course had to be cleared of the tim- 
 ber before it could be occupied. Parties were appointed by the 
 citizens to perform the work of laying off the lots. The chain was 
 constructed from strips of paw-paw bark, knotted together to the de- 
 sired length. Early deeds were made by giving boundaries from point 
 to point, naming the persons who lived adjacent to the property sur- 
 veyed. In fact, lots were not numbered until about 1850, when 
 the people of the village, for the convenience of making deeds and 
 recording the same, employed the county surveyor to make a plat 
 of the town and number the lots! No changes, however, were made 
 in the former location and direction of the streets. The deeds all 
 read : " Three hundred feet square, more or less." Prior to 1850, 
 but few deeds were made, and then rarely ever put on record. The 
 villagers frequently bought or traded property, but it was merely 
 a verbal swap, after the manner of trading chattels. The custom 
 was the same relative to exchanging, or selling arpents of land in 
 the common fields. At that time there was no bickering, no feel- 
 ings of distrust between neighbors, their word was equivalent to 
 their bond. The same spirit prevailed toward one another in their 
 farm labors. Their arpents or farms lay side by side, and any friend- 
 ly assistance that was needed by a neighbor, was always cheerfully 
 given. This spirit of unselfishness will be better understood when it 
 is explained that these farms were, in the main, but eleven and 
 sixty-seven hundredths rods wide, and from three to four miles in 
 length. No division fence separated them, they lay side by side, 
 enclosed by one fence, in one common field ; and yet, for more than 
 a hundred years, they cultiva ted their arpents in harmony, and with- 
 out the aid of the courts to settle any difficulties. For several 
 years, however, they have been pretty well Americanized, and suits 
 at law are no rarity among the Cahokians. 
 
 In speaking of Cahokia as it was in 1765, Captain Pitman, who 
 was officially employed by Great Britain to survey the forts and 
 villages in the English territories, after it had passed from the 
 French dominion, says : " It is long and straggling, being three- 
 fourths of a mile from one end to the other. It contains forty-five 
 dwellings, and a church near its centre. The situation is not well 
 chosen, as in the floods it is generally overflowed two or three feet. 
 This was the first settlement on the Mississippi. ThtJ land was 
 purchased of the savages by a few Canadians, some of whom married 
 women, of the Kaoquias nation, and others brought wives from 
 Canada, and then resided there, leaving their children to succeed 
 them. The inhabitants of the place depend more on hunting and 
 their Indian trade, than on agriculture. They have plenty of poultry 
 and good stocks of horned cattle. What is called the fort is a small 
 house standing in the centre of the village. It differs nothing 
 from the other houses, exeept being one of the poorest. It was for- 
 merly closed with high palisades, but these were torn down and 
 burnt." 
 
 The old fort has long since disappeared ; no vestige of it can now 
 
 be seen. The church still stands, and is probably the oldest house 
 of worship west of the Alleghany mountains. The village, instead 
 of being " near the side of the Mississippi," is nearly a mile to the 
 east of it. This change was mainly wrought by the general flood 
 of 18 14. 
 
 Early Settl-rs.—Ftom the fact of the antiquity of Cahokia, but 
 few of the names of the earliest settlers have been preserved. From 
 the early marriage records, we are able to glean a few names, but 
 nothing relating to their character or calling ; they could be of but 
 little interest to the reader. We shall, therefore, only mention 
 those who have figured more prominently in the history of the vil- 
 lage. 
 
 Among the early immigrants was the famous Mrs. La Compt, 
 who came to Cahokia about the year 1770. She was of French 
 birth, the family name being La Flamme. She was born at St. 
 Joseph, on Lake Michigan, in 1734. She was a widow when she 
 married M. La Compt of Cahokia, from which marriage proceeded 
 one of the largest French families in the state. She was a great 
 favorite among the friendly Indians, and through their aid and in- 
 formation, she succeeded in saving the early settlers from many a 
 bloody massacre at the hands of the hostile savages. After the 
 death of her second husband. La Compt, she married the celebrated 
 Thomas Brady, who was also a citizen of Cahokia. She outlived 
 Brady, and died in Cahokia in 1843, at the advanced age of one 
 hundred and nine years. 
 
 Thomas Brady, third husband of Mrs. La Compt, was a native 
 of Pennsylvania, and came to Cahokia in a very early day. He 
 was a brave and daring man, as many of his exploits in history at- 
 test. He was among the first to offer his services in the war of the 
 Revolution. As early as 1777 he raised a small company of men 
 from the villages of Cahokia and Prairie du Pont, marched through 
 the wilderness to the fort at St. Joseph, Michigan, then called the 
 Cow Pens, and captured the fort with the loss of but one man. 
 After the organization of St. Clair county by Gov. St. Clair, in 
 1790, known as a partof the Northwest Territory, he was appointed 
 the first sheriff of the county. He died in Cahokia several years 
 afterward, lamented by many warm friends. 
 
 Another pioneer and patriot was Charles Gratiot, who established 
 an Indian trading store in Cahokia as early as 1774. He carried 
 on an extensive trade with the Indians, so that hij business opera- 
 tions embraced several of the present western States, but his grand 
 depot for supplies was located at Cahokia for many years. AU 
 though educated in England, at the commencement of the Revolu- 
 tion he embarked his all in the cause. He lived to see his country 
 free, when he retired to private life. In 1781 he married a M'^ 
 Cheauteau, a sister of Pierre Cheauteau, of St. Louis. Members of 
 this family were the founders of St. Louis, which occurred in 1764. 
 Mr. Gratiot lived to a good old age, and died in St. Louis iji 
 1817. 
 
 Capt. McCarty was one of the old pioneers of the village. He 
 headed a company of the French in the Revolution, and did good 
 service at the conquest of Fort Sackville and Vincennes, and per- 
 formed his duty to the satisfaction of his commanders. History 
 does not give any account of when he died. 
 
 One of the most prominent settlers of Cahokia was Nicholas Jar- 
 rot. He probably did more to build up and perpetuate the village 
 than any of his day. He was a native of France, but the troubles 
 of that country in 1790 induced him to emigrate to this country. 
 He reached Cahokia in 1794, and prepared to make it his residence 
 for life. His means were limited when he came to this country, 
 but through his indomitable energy and perseverance he soon ac- 
 quired a large fortune. At an early day he was elected major in a 
 
328 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS.' 
 
 battalion of the St. Clair militia, and was known until his death 
 as Major Jarrot. His first operations were as a partial Indian 
 trader ; he also kept a retail store of goods suitable to the market 
 of the village. He afterwards became possessed of a large landed 
 estate, wrought out by his own energy and foresight ; also, at one 
 time, owned the greater portion of the Wiggin's Ferry Landing, op- 
 posite St. Louis. His life was an eventful one, the history of which 
 would fill a large volume. Major Jarrot brought up a large and 
 respectable family, one of whom is still living in the village of Ca- 
 hokia— Mrs. Ortance Brackett, at the advanced age of eighty- 
 three years. Mrs. Brackett is a native of the village, and the old- 
 est person in Cahokia. She is very active, notwithstanding her 
 extreme age. Two of her sons are living at the old homestead with 
 her, Nicholas McCracken and James Brackett. Another son, 
 George Brackett, attorney-at-Jaw, resides in St. Louis, and a daugh- 
 ter, wife of Jno. 0. Butler, lives in East St. Louis. 
 
 Major Jarrot died in Cahokia in 1823, lamented by a large circle 
 of friends. His remains repose in the old cemetary, just under the 
 shadow of the ancient church building. 
 
 Among other pioneers are Jean Francais Perry, who settled in 
 the village in 1792 ; John de Moulin, in 1790 ; John Hays, in 1793 ; 
 John Hay, same date ; Julien Dubuque, founder of Dubuque, Iowa, 
 in 1783 ; William Arundel, the same date ; and William Morrison, 
 in 1800. Isaac Darnielle was the first resident lawyer, and came 
 to Cahokia in 1794. He was the second profess ed lawyer that emi- 
 grated to Illinois, John Rice Jones being the first. Jones also 
 practiced law in Cahokia, but resided at Kaskaskia. 
 
 Dr. Lyle was probably the first regular physician who practiced 
 medicine in the village. He came to Cahokia in an early day, and 
 was considered a very good physician, but was unpopular on account 
 of his exceeding ill-nature. 
 
 Gov. Reynolds first tried the mettle of his legal bow and spear 
 in Cahokia in 1814. How well he succeeded every citizen of Illi- 
 nois is abundantly able to answer. 
 
 In 1809 Samuel D. Davidson, a lawyer, and native of Kentucky, 
 settled in the village. His talent did not run in the direction of 
 the law, and he abandoned the practice and taught school. He 
 was the first teacher, and taught in one of the rooms of Maj. Jar- 
 rot's house, and was paid $400 a year. This salary was paid from 
 the private purse of Maj. Jarrot. Davidson entered the military 
 service in 1812. Some time after the war he left the village, and 
 drifted to parts unknown. 
 
 Among other historic events of this ancient village was the assas- 
 sination of the Napoleonic Indian chief, Pontiac. He was stabbed 
 by a Peoria Indian in the streets of Cahokia in the year 1765, and 
 was buried within the limits of the village. The spot where tradi- 
 tion says he was buried is still pointed out by the oldest citizens. 
 The place indicated is about sixty feet south-east of the lots owned 
 and occupied by Dr. Illinski, upon which is situated the oldest 
 house in the village. His body was subsequently buried in St. 
 Louis by St. Auge, then commandant of that place, who had been 
 a warm friend of the Indian chieftain. 
 
 The following inventory gives some interesting information rela- 
 tive to the articles in use among the early French at Cahokia and the 
 prices which they commanded. It will be seen that tliey are pos- 
 sessed of many of the conveniences, and even the luxuries, of life ; 
 while the sums obtained for the goods, at a forced sale, show that 
 there must have been considerable ready money in the com- 
 munity. 
 
 Inventory of the goods and chattels of J. J. R. Hanson, sold in 
 pursuance of an order of the court of committees of Cah6s, made on 
 the 20th of November, 1778, for the sum of 2,232 livres in silver. 
 
 due to the minor children Panerasse, payable in May next, and to 
 satisfy a judgment in favor of Jean B. De Corte, payable in March 
 next. Sale took place at Cahds, November 23, 1778, three days 
 after the order was given : 
 
 A tract of land, 2 arpents front (this may have been 
 
 200 acres) 400 livres ?30 00 
 
 1 plow with a plow share ,-41 " 8 20 . 
 
 1 oxcart 101 " 20 20 
 
 1 milch cow and calf 148 " 29 60 
 
 1 cow apd yearling calf 133 " 26 60 
 
 2 yearling calves ' ^^ 
 
 9 tablecloths 1^ 00 
 
 6 napkins ^ ^0 
 
 1 pair of boots of Eussia leather 8 00 
 
 1 feather bed 34 10 
 
 8 earthen pots 1 60 
 
 9tin plates 5 40 
 
 1 dozen hens and a cock 6 80 
 
 2 china dishes - 1 80 
 
 1 dozen small china plates 2 80 
 
 1 table deal 1 00 
 
 5 cups 1 40 
 
 2 copper chandeliers 9 40 
 
 1 fryingpan j 1 20 
 
 1 large iron kettle 5 20 
 
 1 small iron kettle 2 80 
 
 1 set of shovel, tongs and poker 7 00 
 
 2 old cauldrons 1 10 
 
 1 old harness 16 20 
 
 1 cupboard 42 25 
 
 13spoonsand2 ladles 1 85 
 
 13 forks 2 00 
 
 6 knives 1 20 
 
 1 couch, featherbed and 2 straw pillows 27 60 
 
 3 bed sheets of Russia linen 8 80 
 
 1 bed spread, 5ft. wide, and 1, 2\ ft. wide 7 10 
 
 1 coffeemill 6 20 
 
 3 tubs 1 80 
 
 1 tablecloth 1 20 
 
 1 horse cart 4 80 
 
 Igun „ 4 40 
 
 1 silver mounted pistol 5 60 
 
 1 saddle 6 20 
 
 65 empty bottles 2 80 
 
 1 empty barrel gO 
 
 2 cotton shirts 3 gg 
 
 1 pair cotton pants x 50 
 
 1 pair of velveteen pants 6 15 
 
 1 red silk handkerchief 3 00 
 
 1 scarlet waistcoat 9 qo 
 
 1 cocked hat y qq 
 
 Gunpowder, per lb \ 40 
 
 1 yoke of steers, 3 years old 5g oq 
 
 1 carrot of tobacco, 100 
 
 4 sailing crafts 428 00 
 
 $928 40 
 
 The above is a translation of one of the 1,300 French salebills 
 which were turned over to W. St. Clair, and are now on file in the 
 court house. The Hanson sale was, however a forced one and may 
 therefore, not be a proper criterion of prices. We shall quote now, 
 prices obtained at an administrator's sale held in February, 1791. 
 
 Household and kitchen articles:— China plates, $6.40 per dozen; cream 
 pots, 80c. ; soap dish and cover, $7.20 ; 30 picture frames at 8O0. each ; coflFee 
 kettle, $2.20 ; common cupboard, (larder) $9.60; milk-board, $14.50; pewter 
 plates, 80c. each; tin pans, 60c. each; silver candlesticks, $9.00 each; coffee 
 mill, $4.40; sad irons, 90c. each; iron stove, $4.20; a fine mirror, $28.50; 1 
 clock, $55.00 ; 1 complete bed and bedstead, $76.00 ; 1 folding table, $4.00 ; 
 chairs, common, $1.40; 1 candle mould, 50c. ; 1 grand sideboard, $151.00. 
 
CityHallScCentral MARf<E:T,£:AsrSrLou/s. Old Court HousE^ArCAHOKiA St.Clair Co.Ill. 
 
 ■>wj*» 
 
 f^AYo R3 rF I c£8c Police: HEAD (puARrERa,EA3TST.Lou/s-Ornc£: or Doctor O.CBATES .OTallonStClairCoJ ll 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 329 
 
 Tools:— An axe, new, |2.95 ; old axe, used, 70c.; pickaxes, |1.90; 
 hatchets, $2.10; iron to toast bread on, |l-90 ; a scythe, $2.95 ; a, saw, $1.90 ; 
 1 hammer, 85c. ; 1 faucet, |1.40. 
 
 Farming articles and stock : — 1 plow, complete, |14,80 ; saddle and bi idle, 
 $17.40; horse cart, $10.00 ; ox cart, $19.00; 1 chain and rigging, $31.90; 1 
 set of harness, ^18.40 ; a IJ bushel measure, iron hoops, $1.60; 1 wheat fan, 
 $22.00 ; 17 large hogs, averaging $10.10 ; 27 small hogs, averaging $2.00 each; 
 30 head of cattle of various ages brought $644,55 ; prices of cows (10 were sold) 
 range between $23.00 and $38.00 each ; bulls, and there were 18 of them, 
 brought frcm $6.00 to 26.00 each ; steers broken to the yoke, were sold for 
 $79.00 per pair ; there was only one horse sold, it brought $54.00 ; chickens 
 sold for $5.00 and $6.00 per dozen ; corn brought 19c. per bushel ; corn meal, 
 3c. per lb. ; wheat brought 42c. ; lard, of which 95 lbs. were sold, is quoted at 
 19c. per lb., an enormous price; 9 bushels of peas are sold at 98c. per bushel ; 
 and 47J bushels of wheat, sown in autumn previous, bringing $1 . 30 per bushel, 
 or $1.65 per acre. 
 
 Louison, Etienne and Louie Pensoneau, three brothers, emigrated 
 from Canada, and settled in Cahokia in 1798. They all married in 
 the village, and stood high in the estimation of their neighbors. 
 Louis conducted the first ferry established between Cahokia and 
 St. Louis. The landing was situated west of the village, and a lit- 
 tle below where Cahokia creek formerly emptied into the river. It 
 nr.ust be remembered that at that time, Cahokia was the metropolis 
 aud that St. Louis was but a young and sparsely settled village. 
 The oldest person now living in Cahokia, Mrs. Brackett, informed 
 us that she can remember well when the village of Cahokia con- 
 tained twenty-four stores, and upwards of three thousand inhabi- 
 tants, and that the people of St. Louis made it their principal trad- 
 mg place. Verily, time works wonders in this wodd of ours; only 
 little more than half a century has passed, and St Louis is the sixth 
 city in the United States, while Cahokia contains not more than 
 three hundred inhabitants. 
 
 The first mill constructed in Cahokia was built by Nicholas 
 Boismei.ue about 177L It was a horse grist mill, of the primi- 
 tive style, and located on the village lot now owned by Dr. Illinski, 
 just south of his dwelling. Some years after the construction of the 
 mill, a man by the name of Peyrot was engaged in building a fence 
 close by the mill. In sinking a post hole he struck a bucket that 
 had been buried there. On examining it, what was his surprise to 
 find it contained $800 in Spanish gold sovereigns. There were none 
 to claim it, neither could the oldest inhabitant throw any light upon 
 the circumstance of the hidden treasure. 
 
 There are three houses yet standing in the village, that are built 
 after the old, primitive French style : Dr. Illinski's dwelling, the 
 church, and the old court-house. These are the oldest houses in 
 the village, and probably the oldest in the west. They are con- 
 structed from cedar and walnut logs, placed upright with a space 
 of a few inches between, which is filled in with a kind of cement 
 or mortar. The inside is plastered with cement, and the outside is 
 weather-boarded. The dwelling-houses are supplied with a veran- 
 dah, extending around the entire building. It is said among the 
 villagers that Dr. Illinski's house is the oldest, and was built about 
 the year 1700. The church is not far from the above in antiquity. 
 It has a small cupola and bell. The earthquake of 1811 so rocked 
 the church that the bell gave forth several distinct taps. 
 
 The. old court-house was built in 1795, or thereabouts in that 
 year Bandolph County was formed by taking off the southern por- 
 tion of St. Clair, and at which time Cahokia became the county 
 seat. In 1814, the county seat was removed to Belleville. Many 
 years ago, the village extended more than half a mile west of the 
 court-house ; but at this time, the ' old court," as it is called, occu. 
 pies the extreme north-western part of the village proper. For 
 several years past, it has been utilized for a saloon. 
 42 
 
 The first marriage on record in Cahokia, was performed by L. 
 Gibault, missionary, on the 10th of June, 1790. The contracting 
 parties were Jean Baptiste Chartran, and Marie Eocheleau, widow 
 of Michael Girardin. 
 
 The first brick house built in the Mississippi Valley, except one 
 at Kaskaskia, was constructed by Nicholas Jarrot, and situated in 
 the eastern limits of Cahokia village. We are informed that it was 
 commenced prior to 1800, and completed in 1805. It is a two-story 
 building with attic, and 38 by 50 feet on the ground. It rests on 
 timbers of black walnut with about two feet face, imbedded several 
 feet under ground. These timbers rest on beds of charcoal, which 
 are separated from the earth beneath by a layer of sand and gravel. 
 The partition walls of the house are sixteen inches thick, and com- 
 posed t)f solid brick masonry. The outer walls are eighteen inches 
 in thickness, and are also solid brick. The hall of this mansion is 
 sixteen feet in width, and all of the belongings are of the quaint, 
 aristocratic style of long ago. It has withstood the elements of 
 three-quarters of a century. The earthquake of 1811, only shook 
 down two of the chimneys, and produced two small seams in the 
 rear wall. In the flood of 1844, water stood ten feet in depth 
 around the house ; ingress to the building could only be efiected 
 through the upper portion of the high door by means of a canoe. 
 It has withstood four other floods besides the one mentioned, but 
 none were so disastrous to the country and village as this. 
 
 It may sound strange, but this house was completed sometime 
 before a brick building was constructed in St. Louis. It is to-day 
 a good house, and looks as though it might last for centuries; 
 
 The first school-house in the village was built in 1841, and was 
 situated on the site of the present brick school-house, near the 
 center of the village. It was destroyed by fire some years ago, and 
 the present house erected in its place. 
 
 There are two schools in the village, the white and the colored. 
 The former is a fine brick house, and cost about $5000. But one 
 teacher is employed, and there is an attendance of from 25 to 30 
 pupils. The latter is a small frame, and cost $800. The average 
 .attendance is about 12 pupils. 
 
 Cemeteries. — Cahokia has two cemeteries, but only one of them 
 is now used for burial purposes, as the old one has been full these 
 many years. Indeed, it is said that the bodies were buried one 
 above another, until the villagers were obliged to abandon it for 
 lack of depth. With the exception of the one at Kaskaskia, it is 
 the oldest in the West. It is situated around and in the rear of 
 the old church, after the custom of the Catholics. The new cemetery 
 is situated about half a mile east of the village, and contains nearly 
 two acres ; or, in French parlance, is one arpent wide, and two in 
 length. It has been occupied about thirty-seven years. 
 
 The ground was donated to the Cahokians for burial purposes, 
 by Colonel Vital Jarrot, son of Nicholas Jarrot. Mr. Nicholas Mc- 
 Cracken has in his possession a head-stone that he ploughed to the 
 surface, in his field a little south of the Jarrot homestead, that bore 
 the date of 1770. It was cut from a soft lime-stone, and was in size 
 about twenty inches in length, by eight in width, and two in thick- 
 ness. The following is a fac-simile of the inscription : 
 
330 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 It is said that the " Aut" is the French abbreviation for August. 
 We present it, and will leave it for future generations to decipher.* 
 
 The present business of Cahokia is almost a dead letter. That 
 which was once the metropolis of the West, now contains scarcely 
 three hundred inhabit ints, about one-fourth of whom are negroes. 
 Not even a post-office exists in the village. The following is the 
 extent of the business : — 
 
 Groceries. — Peter Godin ; Mrs. Melina Ebermann. 
 
 Wagon-maher and Blacksmith. — Peter Nadeau. 
 
 Saloon. — Peter Godin. 
 
 Physicians. — A. X. Illinski ; W. H. Eenois. 
 
 Supervisor.— Q\ov\s Saucey. 
 
 2Vu«<ees.— Christian Gerber ; W. H. Esnois ; Louis Lobenhofer. 
 
 Land Entries.— The following is a list of the first land entered in 
 the Precinct :— Adelaid Perry, March 22, 1815, entered 85.15 acres 
 in sec. 19. Josiah Blakely entered April 26th 1815, the south 
 half of sec. 3, containing 320 acres. On the 27th of April, 1815 
 Nicholas Jairrot entered 140.38 acres on sec. 3. TKe heirs of J. B-' 
 Jourdin and F. Langloise entered May 1st, 1815, 36.81 acres on 
 sec. 18 ; December 23d, 1816, George Blair entered the north-east 
 quarter of see. 15, containing 160 acres. Philip Creamer, Nov. 15, 
 1817, entered 83.91 acres in sec. 24. 
 
 Cahokia Precinct is well supplied with railroads. Four roads 
 
 * Many other interesting facts, pertaining to the early history of Cahokia' 
 may be found in the Pioneer and Civil chapters and history of the Catholic 
 church in the former pages of this volume. 
 
 pass through a portion of its territory. The Illinois and St. Louis, 
 and the Cairo Short Line on the north and east, and the East St. 
 Louis and East Carondelet, and the Narrow Gauge on the west. 
 
 The Narrow Gauge runs for some distance beyond Cahokia with 
 a third rail, on the track of the East St. Louis and East Carondelet 
 railway. 
 
 CENTEEVILLE STATION. 
 
 This is a small way station, situated on the Cairo Short Line 
 railroad, and about midway between the northern and southern 
 boundaries of Cahokia Precinct. It contains but six houses, all 
 farm houses except two, one of which is a small country store kept 
 by Louis Plouder, who is also justice of the peace, and county com- 
 missioner. It has a post-office with Andrew Touchette as post- 
 master. The French Catholic church stands about a quarter of a 
 mile north of the station. It was built in 1863, and cost about 
 $4000. The first officiating priest was Father Douterligne. 
 
 PITTSBUEG. 
 
 Pittsburg is situated on the blufF, in the extreme eastern portion 
 of the precinct, in sec. 3. It was established in 1836, and at one 
 time had a population of upwards of 200 inhabitants, mostly coal 
 miners. Coal was obtained here by drifting into the blufij where 
 in places it cropped out to the surface. As many as seven drifts 
 have been in operation at one time, and from twenty to thirty cars 
 of coal mined in one day ; but for several years the mines have been 
 exhausted and abandoned. At this writing the place contains about 
 seventy persons, all miners, who are now employed in adjacent 
 mines. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 — J«3-ffi-Si-<— 
 
 BAPTISTE TOUCHETTE 
 
 Was born in St. Clair county, November 15th, 1843, near what was 
 ca,lled Big Lake by Americans, the Grand Mare by the more po- 
 etic French, and which, since the introduction of railroads and drain- 
 age of many lakes, has taken the name of Centerville Station. His 
 father, Andrew Touchette, was born in Cahokia in the year 1812. 
 His mother, whose maiden name was Sophia Dashney, was born at 
 Portage, Missouri, The father was in his time a great hunter and 
 trapper, and a,lso followed farming. Baptiste Touchette was married 
 to Judith Besson, March 1st, 1861, by Squire Edward Ploudre. 
 He followed shipping produce from East St. Louis to Chicago and 
 •New Orleans, during the years 1864, '65 and '66, then farmed until 
 1874, when he opened a stock of merchandize adapted to rural 
 
 wants at Centerville Station, which business he followed for three 
 years, whereupon he resumed farming, in which he is still en- 
 gaged. In 1878 he was chosen a Justice of the Peace by his fel- 
 low-citizens, a position he yet holds. In politics he is a democrat, 
 and cast his first vote for Gen. George B. McClellan for President. 
 He IS the father of five children: Ursula, Baptiste, Jr., CamiUe, 
 Judith and Mary. In his father's family were five brothers, chiefly 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits in the American Bottom. Squire 
 Touchette is progressive in spirit, determined in the prosecution of 
 his aims, and possessed of excellent qualities of head and heart. 
 Was raised a Catholic in faith. He is devoted to his family, and 
 labors faithfully in their interest. Few men are more respected in 
 the commupity in which he lives, and the judgment of few is 
 oftener appealed to by neighbors than that of Baptiste Touchette. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 331 
 
 ^/ryjH^n^o,c^Mt^ 
 
 <yr\,c^ ^tj^^ai 
 
 Perhaps there are no families having representatives yet living 
 in Cahokia, deserving more honorable historical mention than the 
 ancestors of the subject of this sketch. Among the early settlers 
 they were foremost in every enterprise, and contributed no little 
 to making the Cahokia of old a center of trade, a village of attrac- 
 tion. Kobert McCracken, the father, came here from Kaskaskia, 
 where he had been a distiller, in 1826 Here he followed the 
 peaceful avocation of a farmer, and married Ortance Jarrot, who 
 was born in Cahokia May 29th, 1799, and now at the age of more 
 than fourscore years can read large print and sew without spectacles. 
 Her portrait adorns the head of this page. Her family history is 
 largely interwoven with that of the village in which she lives, and 
 may be found in its appropriate place. Her mother, in turn, Julia 
 Jarrot, wife of Nicholas Jarrot, a prominent character in early 
 days, died in 1875, having attained the remarkable age of ninety- 
 seven years. Nicholas McCracken, named for his grandfather, 
 attended school in company with Judge William H. Snyder, in 
 Belleville, during the years 1837 and 1838. Thence he sought 
 employment in Edwardsville, Madison county, and found it at the 
 hands of E. M. West, for whom he clerked in a store. In 1834 he 
 changed his location by going to what was then known as Illinois- 
 town, which was, at the time, the name of the post-office as well, 
 (now East St. Louis,) where he engaged his services to Jarrot & 
 
 Carr, who kept a stock of merchandise near the landing of the 
 Wiggins' ferry company. Changed places again shortly thereafter, 
 entering the employ of David F. Brigham, with whom he remained 
 until the year 1844, the year remarkable for the big flood, which 
 completely destroyed the store by washing it away. He thereupon 
 returned to his old home in Cahokia, where he followed farming 
 until the breaking out of the gold fever in 1850, when, in company 
 with seven others, he made his way to the western slopes, which 
 they reached in ninety-four days' travel after leaving the Missouri 
 river. After three years' life in the gold fields he returned via the 
 Nicaragua route to New York city. What is remarkable, is the 
 fact, that although there were eight hundred persons aboard the 
 vessel which carried them, and absolutely hundreds were losing 
 their lives by other vessels, not a life was lost en route Returning 
 to Cahokia he followed farming until 1857, when he opened a 
 mercantile establishment, which business he followed until 1876, 
 when he retired from active pursuits, although his nature scarce 
 permits him to live in idleness. He pays more or less attention to 
 the lumber interests of the firm, McCracken & Butler. He has 
 one full and two half sisters and three half brothers, his mother 
 having married Mr. Brackett. Politically he afiiliates with the 
 democratic party. Is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
332 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Was born February 3d, 1817, in Wollhynia, apart of Poland that 
 was annexed to Russia during the tripartite theft made by Russia, 
 Austria and Prussia, iu 1833. He received a classical education 
 in the Gymnasium at Krzensieuiec, where he remained five years. 
 At this institution the study of the Latin, Greek, French, Russian, 
 German and Polish languages, mathematics, and the natural 
 sciences were obligatory. The school was maintained on the high 
 pressure principle — studies were crowded too rapidly one after the 
 other — youths were expected to accomplisli the work of adults. 
 Those who possessed strong constitutions stood the ordeal, whilst 
 others failed. The doctor stood well in his classes. Prompted by 
 patriotism, at the age of fourteen he joined the insurgent army as 
 a lancer. After the capture of Warsaw the command to which he 
 was attached retreated to Galicia, a part of Austria, for refuge, 
 where they remained abr)ut a year, when in 1834 a peremptory 
 order was issued exiling all insurgents either to Russia or France. 
 After a start was made, each one selecting one or the other of tlieso 
 countries to be his future abode — the order was changed, Anu'rica 
 being substituted for France. At the time of the issuance of the 
 order the subject of this sketch was confined in a prison at Olmutz, 
 where he lay for six weeks without knowing why or wheref ire. lie 
 believes that a mistake had been made, tlie authorities intending 
 the incarceration and punishment of an older brother Anthony 
 Illinski, who was a leader amongst the insurgent soldiers, and as 
 such was thought to merit greater punishment than sim|ilytol)e 
 exiled. UpDii being liberated he chose Am 'rica as his future 
 home, and reached Castle Garden, New York city, March 28tli, 
 1834. His brother, for whom he was made to sufi^er a brief im- 
 l)risoument, made good his escape, and true to his military instincts 
 joined the French in the Algerian war, then served as a Turk, 
 joining the regular army of that people. The love of Poland, as a 
 dear dream yet lingered with him, hence he obtained leave of ab- 
 sence from his command and joined Kossuth in his vain endeavor 
 to redeem his fiiir land. He was every inch a soldiei-; and life 
 
 presented no charm for him, so that no s )oner were Kossuth's hopes 
 crushed, and his armies disbanded, than he joined the Turks again, 
 bscoming a general in their armies. In the memorable charge of 
 Balaklava he received a wound from which he soon after died in 
 18-36. The doctor, once in America, cast about him for something 
 to do, and after a year's wanderings brought up in Hivana, the 
 capital city of the (^ueen of the Antilles, where he obtained em- 
 ployment in the government hospital. This employment engen- 
 dered in him a taste for the practice of medicine and surgery, and 
 eagerly did he pursue its study. From Havana he came to St. 
 Louis, INIissouri, where he eutered the newly opaned medical school 
 known as IMcDj.vell's College, and graduated in the first 
 class sent forth from that famed institution. It is believed that but 
 one other member of the class (T)r. Frazier) now survives. Imme- 
 diately after gra luation the doctor c imaienced the practice of his 
 profession in the then thriving village of Cahokia, where he has 
 since remained with the exception of a three years' sojourn in Cali- 
 f )rnia, from 1849 to 18o2. Here he combined with the practice of 
 his profession merchan lizing and keeping a public house. At Ca- 
 ll nkia his practice lias always been extensive, reaching over a wide 
 seop3 of cmmtry, embracing that part of St. Clair cjunty 
 known as the American Bottom. His professional skill has re- 
 ceived full recognition, and his services have been much sought. He 
 was married to Mrs. Jane Butler in August, 1843, by whom he 
 had two children — daughters. She died in 18-52 He was mar- 
 ried to Virginia Black in August 19th, 1870, by whom he has three 
 children living. Politically the doctor is a democrat. He voted 
 fjr every democratic }u-esidential candidate since the time of Har- 
 rison. He is much interested in bee culture, in which business he 
 excels. Active, energetic, possessed of a strong constitution and 
 great will power, he hesitates in no undertaking calculated to 
 benefit himself or his fellows. Social, generous-hearted, scholarly 
 in his attainments, his society is courted by men of letters, aud en- 
 joyed by all. 
 
HISTOB V OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 LOUIS PLOUDRE, 
 
 At present a member of the boanl of county commissioners, was 
 born ia Cahokia, Sept^ 2'2d, 1846. His ancestry are of Canadian 
 French extraction, and were among the early settlers of St. Clair 
 county. His father, Calvert Ploudre, was bora in the St. Francis 
 district of the Three Rivers, Canada, came to this county about 
 1840, where he died April 7th, 1880, at the age of sixty-seven years. 
 His father's brothers, Edward and Peter, both came with him here. 
 One of them is now living in St. Paul, Minn., whilst the other is 
 among the dead. His mother, whose maiden name was Catharine 
 Paridy, was a daughter of Julia Paridy, nee Lepance, who was born 
 in Cahokia in 1783, and died there Sept. 25th, 1809, at the age of 
 (ighty-six years. When her people came to Cahokia we have no 
 means of knowing. The Paridys, of whom there are numerous rep- 
 resentatives in this county, came about the year 1812, ju,=t preced- 
 ing the breaking out of the war. They too were Canadians. His 
 parents were married during the year 1839. His mother died, 
 October 11th, 1866. He received a common school education, such 
 as was afforded thirty years ago in the rural districts. Althougli 
 meagre he has made the best possible use of it, having read liber- 
 ally and built well upon the foundation laid in the old school-room. 
 On the twenty-fifth of April, 1865, he was united in the bonds of 
 wedlock, to Elmira Geurard, the Rev. Father Azbell officiating. 
 By this union there have been six children born, five of whom are 
 living. His wife was born in St Joseph, Mo. Her parents were 
 likewise Canadian French, her father having lived in Montreal, 
 where he followed carpentering and building for a livelihood. Their 
 children are named respectively, Mary Elmira, Clementine Jo.se- 
 phine, Louis Theodore, Esther Elizabeth, Loviua Curtis and Emily 
 Lothe. Louis Ploudre followed farming, but his talents have led 
 
 his fellow-citizens to repeatedly place him in office. Was chcseu 
 road supervisor in 1868-9 and 70; constable in 1869, which office 
 he held but eight months, upon being elected as Justice of the Peace 
 which position he has held continuously since. He has been chosen 
 as deputy Assessor for nine years in succession. Was elected in 
 1879 as County Commissioner. Owing to some irregularities in the 
 count his competitor was at first declared elected by a majority of 
 fourteen, and served f jr several months until a recount established 
 Louis' rights to the position by a majority of forty votes, this too 
 when his politics were at variance to those of a majority through- 
 out the county. He has served his neighbors, too, as township 
 Trustee for a period of six years. In each and every office he has 
 held, he has sjiared no pains to do the work set before him to the 
 best of his ability. His eff()rts in behalf of a thorough drainage 
 of the American Bottom which he believes ought, and will be, the 
 garden spot of the great city of St. Louis, have been cordially 
 seconded, and he entertains strimg hopes of aecomplifhiug, by the 
 co-uperatiun of cntcr])rising men, his aim in this direction. As, & 
 commissioner he has proved himself, prudent, painstaking and com- 
 petent. Politically he is an active republican, and has served as a 
 member of the republican ciiitral county committee for a period of 
 ei'dit years. His fir^t presidential vote was cast for the suhliir 
 General, U. S. Grant. As a business man he has been active and 
 persevering. He engaged in merchandizing in 1879, followed it for 
 a year, and sold out to re-engage in the same calling again in 1878. 
 At present he is the proprietor of the store and gardens at Centerville 
 station. He adheres to the Catholic faith. Esteemed of all his 
 neighbor,-, tliort)Ughly alive to the best interests of his county, his is 
 a future bright with promise. 
 
LEBANON PRECINT 
 
 S indicated on the map, the main body of the pre- 
 cinct of Lebanon is nearly square, being five miles 
 ■wide and six miles long, with a strip one and one- 
 half miles in width, from the east line, west to 
 Silver creek, and contains in all about thirty-four 
 sections. It occupies portions of four 'congressional 
 townships, the greater part lying in Town 2 N., 
 Ranges 6 and 7 W. It is situated in the north- 
 eastern part of the county; to the north Madison county, to the 
 east Sun^merfield precinct, to the south Mascoutah and Shiloh, 
 and to the west O'Fallon. Silver creek enters near the north- 
 eastern corner of the precinct, and meandering in a southerly 
 direction it passes through the whole territory. This stream and 
 its tributaries drain the lands and furnish an abundant supply of 
 water fcr other purposes. The general surface is a rolling prairie. 
 The bottom lands along Silver creek, in many places, are very low, 
 and in the rainy seasons it overflows and thus prevents the culti- 
 vation of this rich soil. In the bottoms and along the various 
 water courses there are narrow belts of timber, embracing the 
 varieties that grow in this latitude. The soil compares well with 
 the richest and most productive of the uplands in this county, and 
 is particularly adapted to the growing of wheat, vegetables, and 
 Iruits of all kinds, which yield abundantly. The cultivation of 
 fruits and vegetables is being rapidly introduced, and its proximity 
 to St. Louis markets, renders this a very desirable location for 
 those wishing to engage in this delightful pursuit. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 There will always attach an interest to the history of the pioneer 
 families of the west, which can never properly belong to others 
 who came at a later date, as they have laid the foundation of our 
 social and material status, and coming generations can only modify 
 and develop that which was by their bravery, energy and perse- 
 verance at first established. By their strong arms the forests were 
 felled, the tangled undergrowth cleared away, the stubborn glebe 
 broken, and the primitive cabin, school-house and church erected. 
 To this class of pioneers the Bradsby family belonged, and to them 
 is properly due the honor of making the first settlement in what is 
 now Lebanon precinct. Early in the spring of 1804, William H. 
 Bradsby, the oldest son, and two other young men came from Ken- 
 tucky, and located on Silver creek, about three miles north of the 
 present site of Lebanon, where they made an improvement and 
 raised a crop. In the fall of the same year the elder Bradsby 
 brought the balance of the family from Kentucky and located them 
 on the farm, where he continued to reside. This settlement was 
 334 
 
 seven or eight miles in advance of the other inhabitants. Rey- 
 nolds, in his Pioneer history, says: "The Bradsby family were 
 brave and energetic pioneers. They possessed good talents, and 
 were fearless and intrepid. They were firm and decisive when they 
 took a stand ; and were also moral and correct, and made good 
 citizens. The old sire taught school in various neighborhoods. He 
 had a school, in the year 1806, in the American Bottom, almost 
 west of the present Collinsville, and the year after he taught 
 another in the Turkey Hill settlement " His sons, William H., and 
 James, were in the ranging service and made good soldiers. Wm. 
 H. Bradsby became a physician, and practiced in this locality for 
 some time. In 1814, he was elected from St. Clair county, a mem- 
 ber of the territorial legislature. He subsequently became a 
 resident of Washington county, Illinois, and first resided at Old 
 Covington. Here he held a number of offices, in the early history 
 of the county, and when the county seat was moved to Nashville, 
 he changed his residence to that place, where he soon afterwards 
 died. Some of the descendants of this family are still living in St. 
 Clair county. 
 
 Thomas Higgins was a native of Barren county, Ky. He was 
 a relative of the Bradsbys, and came to Illinois in 1807, and set- 
 tled near them in this precinct. Higgins was of a muscular and 
 compact build, medium in height, strong and active. He possessed 
 a quick and discerning judgment, and was without fear. In 1814 
 he was one of the party of eleven men, under the command of 
 Lieutenant John Journey, stationed at Hill's Fort, about eight 
 niile3 south-west of the present Greenville. Early on the morning 
 of the 21st of August, signs of Indians were discovered near the 
 fort, and the company started on the trail. They had proceeded 
 but a short distance when they were in an ambuscade of a large 
 party. At the first fire their commander. Journey, and three men 
 fell, and the remainder, all but Higgins, retreated to the fort. He 
 fctopped as he said, " to have another pull at the red skins, ' and, 
 taking deliberate aim, he brought one of their number to the 
 ground, and wheeled his horse to leave the scene, when the familiar 
 voice of Burgess hailed him, " Tom, don't leave me." He halted, 
 dismounted and attempted to raise him on his horse, when the 
 animal took fright and ran away. Higgins then directed Burgess 
 to limp oft' as best he could, and by crawling through the grass he 
 reached the fort in safety, while' the former loaded his gun and 
 remained behind to protect him against the pursuing Indians. 
 When Burgess had crawled beyond the reach of the enemy, Hig- 
 gins took another route, which led by a clump of timber. At this 
 point he was confronted by three savages, when he changed his 
 course in the direction of a small ravine, for shelter, and in the 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 
 effort discovered, for the first time, that he was wounded ia the leg. 
 The largest and most powerful of the Indians pursued him closely, 
 and lodged a ball in his thigh. He fell, but as quickly arose, only 
 to draw the fire of the other two, and again fell wounded. The 
 savages now advanced upon him with upraised tomahawks and 
 scalping knives, but as he presented his gun first at one, then at 
 another, from his place in the ravine, each wavered in his purpose. 
 Finally, supposing that Hlggins' gun was empty, neither party 
 having had time to reload, they rushed forward with a yell, and 
 one of their number was shot down. At this the others raised a 
 war-whoop and rushed upon the wounded Higgins, and a hand to 
 hand conflict ensued. Darting at him with their knives time and 
 again they inflicted many ghastly flesh wounds, which bled profusely. 
 One of the savages threw his tomahawk with such precision as to 
 sever his ear and lay bare his skull, knocking him down. They 
 now rushed upon him, but he kicked them off, and grasping one of 
 their spears thrust at him, was raised up by it, and quickly seizing 
 his gun, by a powerful blow crushed the skull of one, but broke 
 his rifle. His remaining antagonist still kept up the fight, making 
 thrusts with his knife at the bleeding and exhausted Higgins, 
 which he warded off with his broken gun. This desperate engage- 
 ment was in plain view of the fort, and the cowardly rangers re- 
 frained from giving him aid, until a Mrs. Pursely, residing at the 
 fort, no longer able to see so brave a man contend unaided for his 
 life, seized a gun, and mounting a brave horse, started to his res- 
 cue. At this the men took courage and hastened along. The In- 
 dian observing them, fled. Higgins, being nearly hacked to pieces, 
 fainted from loss of blood, and was carried to the fort, where his 
 comrades cut two balls from his flesh ; others remaining. For 
 weeks his life was despaired of, but by tender nursing he recovered, 
 badly crippled. This was undoubtedly the most desperate single- 
 handed combat with Indians ever fought on the soil of Illinois. 
 Mr. Higgins received a full pension, and pursued farming in Fay- 
 ette county, whence he moved, and at one time was door-keeper of 
 one of the houses of the General Assembly at Vaudalia. He 
 raised a large family, and died in 1829.* 
 
 It is said by the oldest residents that the Journeys lived in this 
 vicinity at an early date. They were genuine, resolute pioneers. 
 They were active men in the ranging service and great Indian 
 fighters. Among this class also belongs the Sheltons, — Thomas 
 and Josiah Shelton. They were brothers, and lived here prior to 
 1810. Julius and Pleasant Nichols, brothers, from Kentucky, 
 settled one and a half miles south-east of the present Lebanon, as 
 early as 1807. They had large families. Samuel and George 
 M'Donald, settled just south of Lebanon about the same date. It 
 was not far from this date that Wiley Lovings, David, Ezekiel, 
 Isaac and William Smith, brothers ; the Downings and Dunna- 
 vans located along Silver creek, near the Bradsby settle- 
 ment. 
 
 Austin Lyons, John Titus and John Shaves, negro slaves, who 
 had been brought here and freed by Governor Edwards, settled 
 and made improvements in the same neighborhood. Robert 
 McMahon located about two miles north-east of the present site of 
 Lebanon, probably as early as 1810, where he cultivated a large 
 plantation, and subsequently moved near Troy in Madison county, 
 where he resided until his death. He emigrated from Kentucky 
 and settled at New Design the spring of 1 795. In December of 
 the same year, his family was attacked by four Indians, in the day 
 time, and his wife and four children were killed, and he 'and his 
 two small daughters taken prisoners. The weather was cold and 
 severe, and the prisoners being on foot, suffered much from cold. 
 * This story is told by Reynolds, in his Pioneer History, p. 321. 
 
 The second night the party encamped above the present site of 
 Lebanon, on a small branch of Silver creek. McMahon was tied 
 down on his back, and most of his clothing taken off and placed 
 under the Indians to prevent him from escaping. That night it 
 snowed and was vefy cold, but McMahon had resolved to escape, 
 rather than be carried to the Indian town and, perhaps, burntd at 
 the stake. In the night when all were asleep, he quietly loosened 
 the cords that bound his hands and feet. As he was about to rise, 
 one of the large Indians raised his head and looked around, but not 
 noticing him, again laid down, when McMahon arose and walked 
 quietly from the camp. Without shoes and scarcely any clothing, 
 he traveled through the snow, in the direction of New Design. 
 He reached there after the settlers had buried his wife and child- 
 ren, and while they were assembled at the fort of James Lemen, 
 sen., holding a religious meeting. All were surprised at the return 
 of McMahon, and as he sat by the fireside and related the story of 
 the murder, to which he was an eye-witness, and his escape, the scene 
 was at once affecting and sorrowful. His friends informed him 
 that all his family that were killed, had been buried in one grave, 
 to which he answered — " They were lovely and pleasant in their 
 lives, and in their death they were not separated." His daughters 
 were afterwards ransomed, and McMahon was again married, and 
 lived a long and eventful life. 
 
 There were no doubt several other families within the limits now 
 embracing Lebanon precinct, prior to 1812, but at this late period 
 we are unabld to give their names. All of their number have gone 
 to the narrow house appointed for all the living, and the tomb 
 which received their worn frames, received also the host of recollec- 
 tions, anecdotes, and reminiscences which was of almost priceless 
 value. Hence we can give only a few of the more prominent set- 
 tlers of that early day. 
 
 Just after the war of 1812, Simon Lindley settled on the west 
 side of Silver creek, near the Madison county line. He was a 
 native of North Carolina, and emigrated from Kentucky to this 
 state, and first settled in what is now Bond county. He had a 
 family of three sons and four daughters, viz., John, Joseph, Simon, 
 Mary, Sarah, Anna, and Elizabeth. Mr. Lindley and his wife were 
 nearly fifty years old when they located here, and their children 
 were well grown. He was a well-educated man, and a pioneer Bap- 
 tist preacher, and surveyor. About 1820 he moved north and set- 
 tled in what is now Sangamon county, where he resided until his 
 death. His son John was a ranger in the war of 1812. The Lind- 
 leys of this family were also early residents of Madison county, 
 where they left a large posterity. 
 
 In the fall of 1814, Edmond and Whitfield Townsend, natives of 
 North Carolina, came from Tennessee, and located in the northern 
 part of the precinct. Edmond reared three children — Thoma.", 
 John and Nancy, but they have left no descendants. Whitfield 
 had eight children born to him, seven of whom grew up, viz., 
 Alfred, Adeline, Elizabeth, Edmond, Nancy, Whitfield, and 
 William. Elizabeth, Edmond, Whitfield and William are 
 living. 
 
 Here it is proper to mention the names of those who entered land 
 within the boundaries of this precinct in 1814, as taken from the 
 county records. This may also show the names of some who were 
 early settlers here In town, 2 N., E. 6 W., we find the following : 
 Jesse B. Thomas, N. i sec. 6, 320 acres, Dec. 26 ; William Brazel, 
 S. E. i sec. 6, 160 acrep, Sept. 10 ; William H. Bradsby, N. W. i 
 sec. 7, 192 acres, Dec. 7 ; Jacob Tetrick, S. W. i sec 7, 190 ^ acres, 
 Sept. 9; Abraham Baker, S. E. i and S. W. i sec. 19, 350 acres, 
 Sept. 15; Henry White, S. E. i sec. 19, 160 acres, Sept. 24; Joseph 
 Penn, N. W. i sec 10, 160 acres, Sept. 22 ; Richard Vanosdall, 
 
336 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 N. E. i sec. 29, 160 acres, Oct. 1 ; Gillis Maddeaux, 689 S) acres, 
 sec. 30, Sept. 30 ; William Biggs, S. W. \ sec. 31, 184 acres, Dec. 
 24; Heirs of J. Lunceford, S. E. J sec. 31, 160 acres, Dec. 24; 
 Charles Wakefitld, S. W. \ sec. 32, 160 acres, Sept. 15. Town 2 
 N. E. 7 W., Zachariah Hays, S. W. i sec. 23, 160 acres, Sept. 17 ; 
 Abraham Balder, S. E. \ sec. 24, 160 acres, Sept. 15; Leaven Mad- 
 deaux, N. E. } sec. 25, IGO acres, Sept. 10; Wingate Maddeaux, 
 S. E. \ sec. 25, 160 acres, Sept. 10; David S. White, S. W. \ sec. 
 11, 160 acres, Sept. 8; Robert Moore, S. E. \ sec. 5, 160 acres, 
 Sept. 10, and Miles Abernathy, N. E. J sec 7, 160 acres, Sept. 10, 
 are in that part of T. 1 N , R. 6 W., that belongs to Lebanon. The 
 above lands were all entered in 1814, as stated, and in the list are 
 recognized the names of parties who settled here prior to that date, 
 and no doubt but that many of ihem lived at tlie time, on the land 
 they entered, while others perhaps, never resided in the precinct. 
 John Thomas, a Virginian, emigrated here with his family, April 9, 
 1817, and settled on sec. 35, T. 2 N., R. 7 W. He had a family of 
 nine children, as follows : Mary, John, James, Catherine, Jacob, 
 Elizabeth, Abraham, Calvin W., and Emeline. * They all married 
 and had families and resided for a time in this county. Col. John 
 Thomas, has held several oiEces, and is now a representative from 
 this county in ihe State Legislature. James Thomas is living at a 
 good old age in Lebanon. These two are the only members of this 
 family now living in St. Clair. There was also another family of 
 Thomases who settled in the same neighborhood — Robert, James 
 D., John D., Anthony and David all brothers. 
 
 In December of the same year, 1817, Nicholas Horner, a native 
 of Maryland, came with his family and settled one and a half 
 miles north of Lebanon. He had two daughters and -three sons — 
 Rachel, the wife of Thomas Ray : Sarah, who married Rev. David 
 Chamberlain ; and Nathan, John and Charles-. Daniel Murry, 
 from Boston, with a large family and his sonin-law, Thomas Ray, 
 came with him to this country, and settled in this vicinity. Mr. 
 Horner was a wealthy and enterprising gentleman, and resided 
 here until his dtath. All his children left descendants. Nathan 
 Homer became an early resident of Lebanon. He was an active, 
 energetic man, an early merchant, and did much to build up and 
 advance the interests of the young place. He died in Lebanon, in 
 1869. 
 
 John M Peck, D. D., the distinguished Baptist divine, pioneer 
 and historian of Illinois, was born in Litchfield, Conn., Oct. 31st 
 1789, and emigrated to this country, as a missionary, in November, 
 1817. Until 1822 he resided in St. Louis and St. Charles, Mo., 
 from whence he traveled as a minister of the gospel, and established 
 many churches in both Missouri and Illinois. In the spring of that 
 year, 1822, he settled at his celebrated site. Rock Spring, on section 
 27, T. 2 N., R. 7, W., in this precinct. The name was suggested 
 from the fact of a stream of pure water gushing from the rocks 
 near where he erected his first double log-house, in the same year_ 
 In February, 1825, he went east and arranged for establishing a 
 Baptist Seminary in Illinois, and this site was selectt-d for the loca- 
 tion of the school. A two-story frame building, with two wings, 
 was completed in 1 827, and the " Rock Spring Theological Semi- 
 nary and High School " was opened. Rev. Joshua Bradly was 
 principal. Rev. John M. Peck Professor of Theology, and Rev. 
 John Messinger Professor of Mathematics. It opened with one 
 hundred students. This was the first literary institution in the 
 state higher than a common or primary school. In 1831 it was 
 transferred to Alton, and became the foundation for Shurlleff Col. 
 lege. 
 
 In the winter of 1828-9, the Rev. Peck established a printing 
 office and paper called The Pioneer. It was a religious paper. A 
 
 post office was also established at this place in 1829, and Rev. Peck 
 was post-master. He was a prolific writer. Among his works we 
 mention, without order, "The Emigrant's Guide," "Illinois Gazet- 
 teer, maps, etc ," " Life of Rev. John Clark, the Indian Captive," 
 " Life of Rev. John Tanner," " Moral Progress of the Mississippi 
 Valley," " Life of Rev. Jeremiah Vardeman," " The Memoirs of 
 Rev. John M. Peck," compiled by Rufus Babcock, " The Annals 
 of the West," etc. 
 
 Before his death John Reynolds wrote of him : " Nature has en- 
 dowed Mr. Peck with her choicest gifts, and he himself has been 
 indefatigable and energetic in his scientific and literary labors. He 
 possesses a strong, vigorous and discriminating intellect. He is also 
 blessed with an activity and energy that shrinks from no labor and 
 research that is within the compass of his power. With his effi- 
 ciency and energy of character he has accomplished much in the 
 west. Education has been a favorite pursuit with him during his 
 whole life in the western country." 
 
 He died at his Rock Spring residence, March 14th, 1857, and his 
 remains repose in the Bellefontaine cemeteryj at St. Louis, where a 
 fine monument is ere ted to his memory. 
 
 Rev. Peck raised a family of seven children, viz. — Hannah F., 
 the widow of Ashford Smith, resides in Iowa ; Harvey J., died in 
 Iowa ; Mary A., the wife of Samuel G. Smith, resides on the old 
 homestead ; William S., in Iowa ; John Q. A., deceased ; James A. 
 and Henry M. both reside in California. 
 
 William Nichols was born in Kentucky, and came to this county 
 and located a short distance south-east of Lebanon, in 1825. He 
 raised a large family, and several of his descendants are living 
 here. 
 
 Rev. William L. Deneen was a native of Penn. Born in 1798, 
 and settled in this county, about midway between Lebanon and 
 Belleville, in 1828, and subsequently became a resident of Lebanon. 
 He had but three children, — Sarah, the wife of A. W. Metcalf, a 
 prominent lawyer of Edwardsville, III. ; Risdon, who died in 1864, 
 and Samuel H., a professor in McKendree College. Rev. Deneen 
 was a Methodist minister, and surveyor. He was a man of con- 
 siderable talent, and as a civil engineer and mathematician he 
 ranked among the best He died, after a long and valuable life, at 
 Lebanon, in July, 1879. 
 
 Thus we have sketched some of the earliest and most prominent 
 settlers in Lebanon precinct. We have not mentioned all of them, 
 and if it were possible, it would not be necessary, nor perhaps in- 
 teresting. From the time the fear of Indian depredations ceased, 
 the settlements and population gradually increased. Schools and 
 churches were early established, and have been liberally maintained. 
 Fine steam flouring mills replace the rude ox and horse-mills of pi- 
 oneer days. Seventy years ago, this was comparatively an unin- 
 habited waste ; only here and there stood the lone cabin, as an 
 evidence of the more advanced pioneer of civilization ; while to-day 
 its broad acres are subdued and made to yield, and on every hand 
 may be seen well-made farms and houses teeming with life and ac- 
 tivity. The population of the precinct, including the city of Le- 
 banon, was 3,674, as taken from the census report of 1880. 
 
 We append the names of a few of the oldest citizens now resid- 
 ing in this precinct, who have not already been mentioned : H. H. 
 Horner was born in Lebanon in 1821 ; Joseph Hypes, a native of 
 Botetourt county, Virginia, came here in 1821 ; Dr. R. F. Cun- 
 ningham, born in Maryland, located here in 1834 ; J. L. Sar- 
 gent, nativity New York, settled in 1821 ; Thomas Moore, a native 
 of St. Clair county, born in 1825 ; W. E. Willoughby, of Kent 
 county, Delaware, settled here in 1835 ; Isaac Nichols, born in the 
 county, in 1816 ; A. G. Moore, who was born in the county in 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 337 
 
 the same year ; N. Perrin, nativity France, located here 
 in 1834 ; H. P. Miiuie, also a native of France, came in 1831 ; Wm. 
 A. Darrow, a native of St. Clair, born in 1837 ; Jeremiah Ben- 
 nett; a North Carolinian, came in 1835 ; and Edward Luckner, a 
 native of Germany, located here in 1838. 
 
 The reader is referred to the pioneer and ecclesiastical chapters 
 for further information on the early history of this locality. 
 
 In section 27, T. 2 N, R. 7 W. is located the nursery of George 
 Crosby. It contains thirty acres of fruit, shade, ornamental trees, 
 evergreens, berries, etc. They furnish stock in this neighborhood 
 and adjoining counties. The business was established by his father, 
 Thomas Crosby, deceased, about thirty years ago, and has been very 
 successfully managed. 
 
 Bennett's Coal Mine is also located in this precinct, two miles 
 west of Lebanon, on the O. and M. Railroad. The shaft was 
 sunk in 1873 by Jeremiah Bennett, and a five and one-half feet 
 vein was reached at a depth of 180 feet. It is now leased and 
 operated by Donnawold & Herring, who employ about thirty men. 
 
 The Lebanon Distillery was erected in 1856 by Gen. J. B. Oster- 
 haus, at a cost of about forty thousand dollars. It passed through 
 several hands, and was purchased in 1 873 by C. Pfeffer, who en- 
 larged and remodeled the building and apparatus. The capacity 
 is one thousand bushels per day, twenty four hours' run. High 
 Wines, Bourbon, French and Cologne Spirits, Whiskey, etc, are 
 principally made. The distillery is finely located on the banks of 
 Silver creek, near the O. and M. railroad, about one mile from 
 
 Lebanon. There are seventy-five acres of land in connection with 
 the property. 
 
 CITY OP LEBANON. 
 
 This beautiful and thriving little city is located on the Ohio and 
 Mississippi railroad, twenty-two miles east of St. Louis, and about 
 eleven miles north-east from Belleville, the county-seat. It is eli- 
 gibly situated, on a gracefully sloping hill, and commands a fine 
 view of the surrounding country. The city is nicely laid out, and 
 contains many elegant residences. The streets are broad, with good 
 side-walks, and well shaded. The south-east quarter of section 
 nineteen, upon which the original town was laid out, was entered by 
 Henry White, September 24, 1814. Thri first house was erected by 
 Gillis Maddeaux. It was constructed of logs, and was situated in 
 the south-eastern part of the town, but has long since disappeared. 
 The next was erected by Joseph Akin, and stood just south-east of 
 the present public square, on the lot now owned by Mrs. Flint. 
 Joseph Hathaway built a two-story log cabin on west Main street 
 where Neuman's saloon now stands. Thomas Ray, the proprietor 
 of the west end of the town, built the next, a little west on the same 
 block. Another log house was built just opposite these, on the sam 3 
 street by Nathan Horner. Adam Vinyard also built a house in the 
 east part of town. The first store was established as early as 1818, 
 by Gov. Kinney, and kept by his nephew, Abraham Kinney. 
 Thomas Ray, Nathan Horner, Mulligan & Sublett, Samuel and 
 Andrew Christy and James Riggin opened stores soon afterwards. 
 These and perhaps a few more log buildings were erected on the 
 present site of Lebanon prior to 1820- In that year Gov. Kinney 
 erected the hotel « Veranda," which is still standing and forms a 
 part of the Bishop House. It is brick, and in those days it was 
 considered a very handsome building. This, then, became a stage 
 stand, being located on the line of the Vincennes and St. Louis 
 stage route. A post-office was established and mails were received 
 by stage twice a day. About this time Gov. Kinney built an ox- 
 mill for grinding flour. In 1821 Col. E. B. Clempson erected the 
 first frame house. This now forms a part of H. H. Horner's resi- 
 43 ' 
 
 deuce. Dr. Addison Filleo erected a building in connection with a 
 Mr. Morse, and kept the first drug store. 
 
 The town was laid out by Gov. William Kinney and Thomas 
 Ray. It was surveyed and platted by Aaron Reed, Jr., and filed in 
 the office of county Recorder July 27, 1825. Since then there have 
 been twenty-one additions made to the original plat. In 1828 there 
 were not more than thirty cabins and houses in the place. There 
 were two stores, one kept by Nathan Horner and the other by James 
 Riggin, a grocery, or saloon, kept by Josiah Crocker, and a log 
 school-house with oiled paper for windows, where school and reli- 
 gious meetings were held. The Lebanon Seminary (McKendree 
 College) was also partially completed and the school established. 
 In the fall of 1832 a large store-house was erected and a complete 
 stock of general goods was opened by Horner and Hypes. Benja- 
 min Hypes, of this firm, was born in Virginia in 1810, and came 
 here from Ohio, and was an early and prominent business man from 
 1828 to 1863, and is still living here much esteemed by the commu- 
 nity. Joseph Hypes, his brother, was also born in Virginia, in 
 1798. He came here as early as 1821, and engaged in the milling 
 business, and subsequently in the manufacture of carriages and 
 wagons. He is yet living, hale and hearty, at his residence in this 
 city. James Riggin, a Tennesseean, was an early and enterprising 
 merchant, and died here in 1858. His excellent wife survived him 
 until a few years ago. Esquire Thomas Williams built a tannery 
 establishment here in 1829, and operated it successfully and profit- 
 ably for many years-. He died about 1865, and left a handsome 
 estate. Lyman Adams, an old sea captain, built a hotel here in 
 1830, known as the "Mermaid House." He was also an early 
 merchant, and an active business-man He died here in the decade 
 of 1850. The hotel " Veranda," mentioned above, was first occupied 
 by Jeremiah Johnson, a noted hotel-keeper. He was for many years 
 proprietor of the old Missouri Hotel in St. Louis, and opened the 
 " Veranda " in 1820, which he occupied until his death, about 1836. 
 Theodore W. Gray, a native of Maryland, located in Lebanon in 
 1824 and engaged in the tailoring business, at which he acquired a 
 competency, and is now enjoying a retired life, much respected by 
 the citizens. These are a few of the very earliest and most success- 
 ful business-men of the place. 
 
 The first steam flouring mill was erected in the north-east corner 
 of the place, in 18;J2, by Capt. Elbridge Potter & Sons. There was 
 also a distillery built in connection with the mill. 
 
 From the Illinois Oazeteer, published by Rev. John M. Peck 
 in 1837, we copy the following: "Lebanon has a steam-mill for 
 manufacturing grain, and an ox-mill for flouring, on an inclined 
 plane ; a post-office, two public houses, seven stores, one grocery ; 
 three physicians ; mechanics' shops of various kinds, and about sixty 
 families. The Methodist college is located in the immediate vicinity." 
 From this the town has grown, and now contains a population of 
 about two thousand, with fine residences, handsome business blocks, 
 good schools, churches, and various manufacturing institutions. 
 
 Incorporation. — Lebanon was incorporated as a town, under spcr 
 cial charter, in May, 1857. The first officers were : Joseph Ifypes, 
 president; Charles Blanck, register; Samuel Hypes, Treasurer; 
 H. H. Horner, assessor ; Adam H. Wise, constable ; J. L. Sargept 
 street inspector. Town Trustees were: Hugo Wangeljn, R. F. 
 Cunningham, James Radon and Thomas Jordan. 
 
 It was organized as a city, under the general law, August 18, 
 I874, and the following were elected the first officers: H. H. 
 Horner, Mayor ; Louis Zerweck, clerk ; D. R. Lasley, treasurer ; 
 J. F. Webb, attorney ; A- Pyle, street commissioner and city mar- 
 shal. The council is composed of nine aldermen, three elected \a 
 pach of the three city wards, 
 
338 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The present city officers are: J. Eaiikin, mayor; Louis Zerweck, 
 clerk ; C. H. Sager, treasurer ; J. Eckert, attorney ; Peter Brue- 
 cher, city marshal ; George Eiddle commissioner of streets. 
 
 Schools. — The first school was taught in a log cabin about 18x20 
 feet, that was erected just south-east of the square as early as 1818. 
 In this building Kev. John M. Peck organized the first Sunday- 
 school, in the summer of 1821. School was held in this cabin for 
 a period of three or four years, when a small frame school-house 
 was erected by the public, which was also used for religious meet- 
 ings by all denominations. The public schools were mostly held 
 in churches and halls, rented for that purpose, until 1866, when a 
 fine brick school-house was erected, that cost upwards of $40,000. 
 It stood on the same lot occupied by the present beautiful struc- 
 ture. February 28, 1873, this building was burned, and in the 
 same year the new one was completed, at about the same cost. It 
 is constructed of brick, three stories high, and contains ten 
 rooms, all furnished with the latest improved school furniture. The 
 school is graded and employs eight teachers. 
 
 MeKendree College was founded as an institution of learning 
 February 20, 1828. It received its first charter from the state in 
 1834. and a new charter was granted June 26, 1839. It is a 
 Methodist institution, and has always been largely patronized by 
 the Missouri and Illinois Conferences. On the roll of Alumni 
 there are the names of nearly four hundred persons, many of whom 
 are in high offices of trust both in church and state.* 
 
 Illinois Literary and Commercial Institute and School of Art was 
 founded September 20, 1880, by Prof. J. W. Whittlesey. This is 
 a new school, and judging from the patronage it has received, it will 
 be a successful one. Prof. Whittlesey is an energetic, enterprising 
 gentleman, and has an able faculty associated with hira. 
 
 Churches. —There are eight churches in the city, all neat and 
 comfortable buildings. — Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal, Free 
 Methodist, German Methodist, and Colored Methodist, German 
 Lutheran, Baptist and Eoman Catholic, 
 
 Manufacturing Industries — The Veranda Flouring Mill was 
 erected in 1856. It is built of brick, 50x60 feet, and four stories 
 high. It contains six run of burrs, with a capacity of 200 barrels 
 per day, and is now owned by Joseph Mueller & Co. It manu- 
 factures several brands of excellent flour, most of which is shipped 
 to eastern markets. The mill is valued at $50,000, and employs 
 thirteen men. 
 
 The St. Clair Flouring Mill was built by W. V. Keese & Son, 
 in 1880, at a cost of about $10,000. It is a frame building, three 
 stories high, and contains three run of burrs, with a capacity of 50 
 barrels per day. The Star Fancy brand of flour of their manufac- 
 ture is equal to that made by any of the larger mills, and finds 
 ready market at home and in St. Louis. 
 
 Hoyt's Steam Saw and Grist mill, has one set of burrs and a 
 circular saw. 
 
 The Carriage, Wagon and Agricultural Implement Manufactory 
 of J. H. Lehman's, was established in 1861. He has large and 
 commodious buildings, steam power, and all the modern improved 
 machinery for making the best class of work. Employs about ten men 
 The Lebanon Brewery was purchased by J. Hammel, in 1860, 
 who remodeled the building, and enlarged the capacity. This 
 brewery has all the most modern improvements for brewing, and 
 manufactures about six thousand barrels a year. It is sold at home 
 and in all the neighboring towns. Hammel's bottle beer is a good 
 article, and is gaining reputation. Mr. Hammel has a vineyard of 
 several acres, and manufactures considerable wine. He is also 
 engaged in the ice business. 
 
 * Amore extended history may be seen in the chapter on Schools. 
 
 Lebanon Soda and Mineral Water Factory was erected by 
 Charles J. Renter, in 1868. It is a frame building; steam power. 
 Soda and all the various kinds of mineral waters are made and sold 
 at home and in all the adjacent towns. Mr. Beuter has been 
 very successful in this enterprise. 
 
 The Great American Cigar Manufactory was established by 
 Julius Hofllnann in 1866. He employs about fifteen men in the 
 manufacture of cigars. They are tine brands, and he has a large 
 trade. 
 
 There are also two brick-yards — the Sager Brothers, — is located 
 in the east side of the city, and that of William Boyce's in the 
 northern part, both of which burn a good quality of brick. 
 
 Concord Park — is situated in the southern suburbs, and is the 
 property of F. Keitel. It contains several acres, with nicely ar- 
 ranged walks, well shaded with forest and ornamental trees. There 
 are music and speakers' stands, dancing hall and bar, on the 
 grounds. This is quite a popular resort for summer excursions 
 from St. Louis. 
 
 The Lebanon Journal is a weekly newspaper edited and published 
 by Jones & Metzgar, and is the i nly one in the city. 
 
 Bank. — The Banking House of Baker & Schaefer was commenced 
 in 1873, by Seiter & Ramsay. In 1876 it was changed to H. Sei- 
 ter & Co., and September 1st, 1880, to the present firm name. The 
 capital is upwards of $200,000, and it is considered a safe and re- 
 liable institution. 
 
 Lodges. — The secret societies are as follows : 
 
 Adelphic Lodge, No. 1 509, Knights of Honor ; Lebanon Lodge, 
 No. 108, J. O. M. A. ; Lebanon Lodge, No. 127, A. O. U. W. 
 Lebanon Lodge, No. 110, A. F. and A. M. ; Lebanon Chapter, No. 
 62, R. A. M. ; St. Clair,' No. 119, I. 0. O. F. ; Lebanon Limmon 
 of the Sons of Temperance, No. 262. 
 
 BUSINESS HOUSES, TRADE OF 1881. 
 
 General Stores. — Atwood & Chamberlain, Louis Niemeyer. 
 
 Dry Goods and Groceries — H. J. Blanck, H. W. Blanck, L. 
 Gerne, John W. Weigle, Mrs. Krause. 
 
 Groceries. — John Meinhardt. 
 
 Hardware, Stoves and Agricultural Implements. — C. H. Sager, 
 Henry Baum. 
 
 Drugs. — Lindley & Bridges, C. Fehringer, J. B. Benson. 
 
 Clothing and Tailoring.— ChsLilea Reinhardt, Thomas Wolf, Ja- 
 cob Schaefer, Jacob Buhr. 
 
 Jewelry. — F. Resold, Gus. HnflTmann. 
 
 Confectionery and Bakery. — ^August Deitz, August Kassebaum, 
 F. Campe. 
 
 Shoe Stores and Shops. — C. Haenel, George Breiding, Paul Der- 
 leth, J. Hausmano. 
 
 Furniture. — Henry Bachmann, Louis Reichenbecher, Jr. 
 
 Books and News. — ^Mbs Frank Risley. 
 
 Harness Store.— J. W. Hypes, William Scheibe. 
 
 Segar Stores.— J. Hofimann, Adam Traband. 
 
 Millinery and Dress Making.— E. Haase and M. Zerweck, Mis3 
 Lizzie Parker. 
 
 Hotels —Bishop House, Edward Ganunn, proprietor; Lebanon 
 House, Henry Heuer, proprietor ; aty Hotel, Mrs. T. Williams, 
 proprietress ; St. James House, Mrs. Smith, proprietress. 
 
 Livery Stables.-S. R. Morris, John Wallace. 
 
 Blacksmith and Wagon Shops.— Ad&m Blume, Robert Blume, 
 Martin Baum, F. Thome. 
 
 Barber Shops.— G. Graul, A. Doll, E. Graul & Son, Noblitt & 
 Lofiee. 
 
 Lumber Yard. — Gustavo Weisberger. 
 Marble Works.— August Kassebaum. 
 
 Physicians— F. A. Hamilton, R. F. Cunningham, F. W. Lytle, 
 A. Berger, C. N. Andrews, A. S. Griffith. 
 Dentists.— R. H. Mace, L. Ottofey. 
 
 Insurance Agents.— W. H. Hypes, Lewis Zerweck, A. Sanspeur, 
 J. N. Lindley, D. Hightower. 
 
 Photographer. — John Lupton. 
 
 Real Estate Agent.— M. A. Shepard. 
 
 Saloons and Billiard Halls.— John Rahner, Charles Neuman, 
 Gus. Hofimann, Cyrus Culver, Jule Gorla, Thomas Wakemann, E. 
 Krause, John Meinhardt, John Michel. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 — j=sS-Sss5_^— =s3g-gas^ 
 
 /f' A^^ /^ ^-^-M^^-p-- 
 
 Who is now one of the oldest members of the St. Clair cc.unty bar, 
 is a native of the county, and was born at Lebanon on the 22il of 
 February, 1821. His great-grandfather emigrated from England, 
 and settled near Baltimore. His grandfather, Nicholas Horner, in 
 the year 1812 removed from the neighborhood of Baltimore to the 
 State of Ohio, and, after living five years near Cincinnati, he came 
 to Illinois, and settled two miles north of Lebanon, where he made 
 a purchase of five hundred acres of land. For the improved part 
 te paid ten dollars an acre, a price which was made high by the 
 cost of labor and material. On this farm Nicholas Horner lived 
 till his death. 
 
 Nathan Horner, fiUher of the subject of this sketch, was born in 
 Maryland in the year 1790 He was united in marriage in Ohio to 
 Nancy Hypes, who was born near the James river, in Bottetourt 
 county, Virginia, within seven miles of Fincastle, the county seat. 
 
 Her father was Henry Hypes. She was a woman of much intelli- 
 gence and remarkable energy. After coming to Illiuoii Nathan 
 Horner engaged in farming, and in 1818 or 1819 undertook the 
 mercantile business, and opened the first store in the town of Le- 
 banon He carried on the mercantile business for many years, till 
 prevented from f)llowing it by the infirmities of old age. For a 
 long time he was in partnership with Benjamin Hypes. He died 
 in 1867. He had enjoyed only ordinary advantages for obtaining 
 an education, but was fond of reading, and by this means aci]uired 
 much valuable information. He was a warm friend of education, 
 and was one of those interested in establishing the seminary which 
 was the foundation of the present McKendree college. At a time 
 when this institution was involved in serious difficulties he expended 
 considerable means in assisting to place the college on a sound finan- 
 cial basis. He was one of the leading members and supporters of 
 
340 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 the Methodist church. His views coincided with those of the Whig 
 party, and he was especially a warm admirer of Henry Clay, but he 
 took no active or conspicuous part in politics. The subject of this 
 sketch was the oldest son and second child. He was brought up in 
 his native town of Lebanon, and obtained his education in McKen- 
 dree college, from which he graduated in 1841. Having designed 
 to enter the legal profession, he studied law in the office of Judge 
 William H. Underwood at Belleville, and was admitted to practice 
 in the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1847. He began practice at 
 Belleville, but, after residing a short time in that place, returned, 
 on account of his private interests, to Lebanon, where he has since 
 been occupied in the active practice of his profession. Few mem- 
 bers of the legal profession have been longer connected with the St. 
 Clair county bar, and he has lived in the county longer than any 
 other lawyer. Mr. Horner succeeded ex-governor A. C. French in 
 1865 as dean of the law department of McKendree college, which 
 position he now holds. He was married on the 19th of November, 
 1857, to Helen M. Danforth, who was born at St. Albans, Vermont. 
 By this marriage he has had six children, of whom four are now 
 living. Of these the oldest, Henry Koland Horner, now resides in 
 Colorado. Wilbur N. is fitting himself for the legal profession. 
 The two daughters are named Hattie H. and Bertha A. Horner. 
 Li his political views he was in early life connected with the demo- 
 cratic party. Like many in that organization, he was, however, op- 
 posed to slavery ; and, when the question of the extension of slavery 
 into the territories came to be conspicuously agitated, in common 
 with the free-soil democrats, he assisted to form the republican 
 party, cast his vote for president for Fremont in 1856, and has been 
 a republican from that date to the present. His time has been de- 
 voted to his profession and the management of his private business 
 affairs. He was the first mayor of Lebanon, on its organization 
 under a city charter, and held that office two terms. His portrait 
 appears at the head of this sketch. 
 
 HERMANN J. BLANCK. 
 This gentleman was born at Malchow, Mecklenburg Schwerin, 
 Germany, November 24th, 1835. The names of his parents were 
 Henry and Elizabeth Blanck. He was the second of a family of 
 six children, of whom four are now living. His father was a wea- 
 ver and manufacturer of cloths. In 1847 the family emigrated to 
 America, and after stopping a few weeks came to Lebanon late in 
 the fall of that year. His father purchased the woolen mill at Leba- 
 non, which had been standing idle for some time, and which he ran 
 successfully for twelve or thirteen years. He died at Lebanon in 
 1876. Hermann J Blanck, when about twenty, became clerk in 
 his brother's store. On the 17th of April, 1861, he enlisted for ser- 
 vice in the war of the rebaliiou, in Cj. B, of the Ninth Illinois 
 reo'iment. Djring the greater part of his three months' service he 
 was stationed at Cilro, aid from thare hU regimant made some ex- 
 cursions into Missouri. He was mastered out July 25th, 1861. 
 Shortly after his return he embarked in business on his own ac- 
 count. He now has the largest store in Lebanon, and carries on a 
 general merchandizing business. He Was married on the 23d of 
 November, 1865, to Mary E. Rankin. He has one child, Katie H 
 Blanck. In his political opinions he is a democrat, and has always 
 voted that ticket, except in 1864, during the war of the rebellion, 
 when he supported Lincoln for the presidency. His time has been 
 closely devoted to his business, and he has filled no public position 
 with the exception of acting as alderman. He is a member of 
 Lebanon Masonic Lodge, No. 110, and of St. Clair Lodge of Odd 
 Fellows, No. 119. 
 
 BENJAMIN HYPES. 
 
 Among those who have been intimately and honorably con- 
 nected with the history of Lebanon is Benjamin Hypes, who was 
 born near Fincastle, Bottetourt county, Virginia, February 10, 
 1805. His grandfather, Nicholas Hypes, emigrated from Ger- 
 many, lived for a time in Philadelphia, and from there moved to 
 Winchester, in the valley of Virginia, where be purchased seven or 
 eight hundred acres of land, on which the town of Winchester is 
 built. His land was lo3t t > tUs heirs of the family by reason of the 
 failure to make the fin.^1 payment of a few pounds. He then en- 
 gaged in the management of a large iron works in Virginia, and 
 afterward purchased a tract of a couple of thousand acres of land 
 in Bottetourt county. Henry Hypes, the father of the subject of this 
 sketch, was born in Bottetout county, and married Patience, daugh- 
 ter of John Reynolds. In 1811 he removed from Virginia to Xenia, 
 Greene county, Ohio. Part of his farm is now covered by the 
 town of Xenia. He came to Illinois in 1818, with a view of 
 securing a location for settlement in this state, but concluded to 
 remain in Ohio. His first wife died in that state in 1823. He died 
 in Ohio in 1851. 
 
 Benjamin Hypes was nearly six years old when the family made 
 their home in Ohio. School advantages were scarce in those days. 
 His mother was his only instructor till he was seventeen, when a 
 school was established at Xenia, which he attended nine months 
 previous to his reaching the age of twenty-one. In 1828 he became 
 a resident of Lebanon. For two years he carried on an ox-mill, 
 which was then the only means at Lebanon for grinding grain. 
 This mill had two run of burrs, and was considered a superior 
 mill, and manufactured considerable quantities of flour. In the 
 fall of 1831 he became a partner in the mercantile business 
 with Nathan Horner, with whom he was associated till 1840 ; from 
 1835 to 1837 H. K. Ashley also being a member of the firm. 
 After farming three years, in 1843 he opened a store of his own, 
 which he carried on till 1863. Soon after the inauguration of 
 President Lincoln he was appointed post-master at Lebanon, and 
 retained that ofiice during Lincoln's administration. He was mar- 
 ried in November, 1834, to Caroline, daughter of Daniel Murray. 
 She was born in Baltimore in 1814. Her father was one of the 
 early settlers of the county, becoming a resident of Belleville in 
 1812. His children are, Cornelia Maria ; Adelaide Victoria, wife 
 of Thomas Essex, of Little Rock, Arkansas; William Henry; 
 Mary Julia, wife of A. S. Maguire, a lawyer, of Chicago ; Benjamin 
 Murray, now practicing mtdicine in St. Louis, and Caroline Vir- 
 ginia, who married the Rev. William F. Swahlen, Professor in 
 McKendree college. 
 
 He formerly was a whig in politics, and cast his first vote for 
 president for Henry Clay. He has acted with the republican party 
 since its organization. Since 1831 he has been a member of the 
 Lebanon Methodist Episcopal church. He has been one of the pil- 
 lars of that denomination at Lebanon, and has contributed freely to 
 the support both of the church and the McKendree college. His 
 house has always been the home for the ministers, and nowhere 
 have they met with a heartier welcome or a more generous hospi- 
 tality. He was a class-leader in the church from 1834 to 1879. He 
 was a member in the first lay conference held at Cairo in 1871, 
 and a delegate to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church held at Brooklyn in 1872. He is the only one of the 
 charter trustees of McKendree college now living. He was 
 auditor of the college in 1835 and 1836, treasurer from 1836 to 
 1873 ; for two years he was president of the joint board of trustees 
 and visitors, and has always been among its warmest friends and 
 wisest supporters. 
 
HISTORY OF SI. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 341 
 
 M.cLoa 
 
 William Nichols, one of the old residents of St. Clair county, 
 was born in Hardin county,, Kentucky, on the 27th of August 1805. 
 His father, George Nichols, came to Kentucky from Georgia. He 
 married Mary Beard, whose birth-place was on the Eastern Shore 
 of Maryland. The subject of this sketch was the next to the oldest 
 of a family of seven children. He was raised in Kentucky. When 
 he was six months old his father moved from Hardin to Christian 
 county,' and there Mr. Nichols spent the early years of his life. He 
 had only ordinary advantages for obtaining an education, going to 
 Fchool in the winter season and on rainy days, when it was impossi- 
 ble to do any labor on the farm. At the age of twt nty-one he came 
 to this state, and settled in the neighborhood of Lebanon. For 
 several'years after coming to St. Clair county he employed part of 
 his time in making rails, and made as many as a hundred thousand 
 at the customary price of fifty cents a hundred. St. Louis was 
 then a place of small size and importance ; and where now is built 
 a portion of East St. Louis, Mr. Nichols w hen a young man split 
 rails and made hay. By means like these he secured enough money 
 to enter eighty acres of land south-east of Lebanon, on which he 
 lived till he removed to that town. He built on this farm a brick 
 house of small dimensions, which at the time of its erection, 
 was considered one of the handsomest residences in that part of the 
 county. His father had previously given him a quarter section of 
 land, unimproved and covered with brush, which was of no benefit 
 to him for many years. This land is still in his possession. He 
 paid taxes on it for fifty years before it brought him any return. 
 
 In the spring of 1831 he volunteered his services, and was engaged 
 m the Black Hawk war. He enlisted in a company commanded 
 by Capt. William Moore. He went through the campaign without 
 taking part in any engagement with the Indians. He was man led 
 on the 25th of March, 1833, to Delilah Moore, daughter of Robert 
 Moore, who was horn in St. Clair county, at the old settlement 
 known as Union Grove, three miles south of Lebanon. Her father 
 resided in the county during the war of 1812-14, when many of 
 the inhabitants were obliged to live in forts for protection against 
 the Indians. His first wife died on the 6th of February, 1849. His 
 
 second marriage occurred October 1st, 1854, to Caroline Virginia 
 Lingenfelter, who was born at Winchester, Clark county, Kentucky, 
 in 1822. Her father was David Lingenfelter, a Pennsylvania. Her 
 mother was Rebecca Hutchinson. In the year 1852 he became a 
 resident of Lebanon, and for some years was employed in the mer- 
 cantile business. After quitting the store he was engaged for a 
 time in land speculations whiili he made profitable to himself. 
 Various business enterprises at different times occupied his attention. 
 Till within a recent peiiod he has always been engaged, more or 
 less, in handling stock. In 1859 he purchased a saw mill on a 
 tract of laud west of the town of Lebanon, and was in the lumber 
 business until the close of the war. lu 1861 he ran a grist mill at 
 Lebanon. He owned at one time abnut twenty-two hundred acres 
 of land, a considerable part of which he has given to his children. 
 He had seven children by his first marriage, of whom three are 
 now living : Mary J., now the wife of Thomas Moore, of Lebanon ; 
 Mrs. Nancy C. Hendrickson ; and William Lee Nichols, of Leba- 
 non. Of the four children by his second marriage, three are now 
 living : Orrin Nichols, Julia Belle Nichols, and Louis H. Nichols. 
 In early life he was a member of the whig party. His first vote 
 for president was cast for Henry Clay, for whom he voted every 
 subsequent time he was a candidate as he did also for Harrison 
 and the other whig nominees. He was an early member of the 
 republican organization, and has been one of its warmest and 
 strongest supporters. He came to this county without any means, 
 and by his activity and industry, became one of the wealthiest men 
 in the vicinity of Lebanon. He was of an energetic and active 
 temperament ; in the early part of his life he worked hard ; and 
 was always a successful business man. His wealth has been secured 
 by economy and wise accumulation, and is not the result of any 
 sudden, successful stroke of speculation. He has always been 
 straightforward and honorable in his business dealings. He has 
 filled no political office with the exception of eight years as con- 
 stable, at a time when he was the only constable in the county 
 east of Silver Creek, and was also in 1849 elected justice of the 
 peace. 
 
342 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR GOUNLY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Michael Seiter, the father of the subject of this sketch, was 
 bom in Baden, Germany, September 17th, 1809, In 1817 the 
 family emigrated to America, and on the passage across the ocean 
 both his father and mother died, leaving him an orphan at the age 
 of eight years. This voyage was made in a sailing vessel, and oc- 
 cupied three months' time. The masters of the ship were hard- 
 hearted men, and furnished the passengers with insufficient food, so 
 that some of them landed in an almost famished condition. On 
 reaching Pennsylvania, Mr. Seiter went to live with a farmer in 
 Lancaster county, and was raised by him. Though he had an op- 
 portunity to go to school to some extent, it was not nearly as much 
 as had been promised. He would be sent to school one day, and 
 the next two or three kept at home to do some work on the farm. 
 After reaching the age of twenty one, he had better educational 
 advantages, working on a farm during the summer months, and in 
 the winter attending school. He was naturally ready with tools, 
 and learned the carpenter's trade with a man by whom he was em- 
 ployed in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Thinking he could get better wages in the west, he came to Illi- 
 nois in the year 1839. At Lebanon he found work with John 
 Stewart, and helped build a house in that town. In the year 1841 
 he returned to Pennsylvania, and married Elizabeth Knott, daugh- 
 ter of William Knott. She was born on the 22d of September, 
 1804. In 1846 he purchased eighty acres of land north-east of 
 Lebanon, on which he lived till he removed to the farm on which 
 he died. He was a man of energy and industry, and his indus- 
 trious and economical habits brought him success and enabled him 
 to accumulate a competence. At the time of his death he was the 
 owner of a large body of land, and was one of the wealthiest men 
 in the north-eastern part of the county. His farm, which was one 
 of the most beautiful locations in the state, consisted of three hun- 
 dred and fifty-three acres, and he owned beside in the county six 
 hundred acres. He was a democrat in politics. He was a man of 
 temperate habits, and in the whole course of his life was never 
 known to be under the influence of intoxicating liquors. He pos- 
 sessed a candid mind, and never hesitated to speak his opinion. 
 His wealth was the result of honest labor, in which he was assisted 
 
 by a persevering and sympathetic wife. The suspicion of dishonesly 
 never rested on his business- transactions, but he was in all things 
 an upright and honorable man and a good citizen. He had origi- 
 nally a good constitution, but through life performed much hard 
 labor and underwent much exposure. After a week's illness, he 
 died of pneumonia on the 8th of March, 1879. His remains now 
 repose in the College Hill cemetery at Lebanon. His two children 
 were both sons. The oldest, Hervey Seiter, was born Jan. 30, 1843, 
 and died on the 10th of August, la45. 
 
 Henry Seiter was born in the town of Lebanon, Sept. 22d, 1845. 
 After attending the district school in the neighborhood of his 
 father's farm, at the age of twenty-one he entered McKendree Col- 
 lege, from wnich he graduated in 1870. He also attended a com- 
 mercial college in Chicago. In March of the ^ame year in which 
 he graduated at McKendree, he also graduated at the law school 
 connected with the University of Michigan, the sessions of which he 
 had attended. In September, 1871, in partnership with Rufus 
 Ramsay, he engaged in the banking business at Carlyle. In Au- 
 gust, 1873, under the firm name of Seiter & Ramsay, he entered 
 also into the banking business at Lebanon. This bank was the 
 first ever started in that town. After dissolving his partnership 
 with Mr. Ramsay in 1877, he carried on the banking business at 
 Lebanon till 1880, when he disposed of the bank to the present 
 firm of Baker, Schaeffer & Co. In his politics Mr. Seiter is a warm 
 and active supporter of the principles of the democratic party. He 
 was elected a representative in the state legislature from St. Clair 
 county in 1878, and was one of that body serving on several impor- 
 tant committees. In 1873 he married Alice Radefelt of Lebanon, 
 who died May 9th, 1877. He had two children by this marriage, 
 of whom one, Victor M. Seiter, is living at the agOi^of five. His 
 present wife, whom he married Nov. 22d, 1879, was Mamie Badley 
 of Alton. Her father, William Badley, was a native of Dudley, 
 England. He has one child, Orval Roc Seiter, by this marriage. 
 A view of Mr. Seiter's residence. Emerald Mound, appears among 
 our illustrations. His name is worthy of a place in this work, as 
 one of the representative men of the county. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 345 
 
 PROF. SAMUEL H. DENEEN. 
 Samuel H. Deneen, Professor of Latin and History in McKen- 
 dree College, is a native of this county, and was born near Belle- 
 ville, December 20th, 1835. His father, the Eev. William L. 
 Deneen, was born near Bedford, Bedford county, Pennsylvania, on 
 the 30th of October, 1798. One of his ancestors was captain of a 
 ship which traded from a French port. The family name is of 
 French origin, and was originally spelled Denesne. When he was 
 two years and a half old the parents of the Rev. William L. De- 
 neen moved to Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio. Here he 
 grew to manhood. His opportunities for obtaining an education 
 were limited, but being gifted with a rare natural aptitude for math- 
 ematical studies he mastered all branches of the science of mathe- 
 matics from arithmetic to calculus, with but little help from others. 
 At the age of twenty he went to Vevay, Indiana, where he learned 
 the hatting business, at which he worked for the four following years. 
 Subsequently he taught school. In 1827 he was converted under 
 the ministry of the Rev. George Locke, and in October, 1828, he 
 was admitted to the Illinois conference. His jSrst appointment was 
 Shoal Creek circuit which included the counties of St. Clair, Monroe, 
 Clinton, Marion, Madison, Bond, Jersey, Fayette and Green. His 
 other appointments were Salt Creek circuit, Lebanon circuit, Kas- 
 kaskia circuit, Brownsville mission, Waterloo circuit, Edwardsville, 
 Belleville, Upper Alton, Alton, again at Belleville, Waterloo, and 
 Lebanon. 
 
 For nineteen years his cares and labors were those of an itiner- 
 ant minister of the M. E. Church. He had well nigh rounded out 
 his half century of years, when, in 1847, a severe and prolonged 
 attack upon his lungs compelled him to abandon public speaking 
 and to take a superannuated relation as a minister. As soon as his 
 health permitted he engaged in the business of surveying lands, into 
 which he was led by his strong predilection for the science of math- 
 ematics, which had grown with his advancing years. He was county 
 surveyor of St. Clair county from 1849 to 1851, and again from 
 1853 to 1855. His unusual proficiency in mathematics and the re- 
 markable accuracy of his work as a surveyor received the highest 
 testimonials from those most conversant with the business in which 
 he was employed. In repeated instances the decisions of the courts 
 were determined by the weight of his testimony and the reputation 
 of his work. His services were constantly in demand until he had 
 completed his four score years. He died in Lebanon, Illinois, July 
 11th, 1879. Mr. Deneen was an able preacher, a profound theolo- 
 gian, a true Christian. As a minister and as a surveyor he was 
 strictly conscientious in all his labors. His long life was char- 
 acterized by active service, eminent usefulness, and spotless integ- 
 rity. He was married in 1831 to Verlinder B. Moore, daughter of 
 Eisdon Moore. She was born on the 30th of June, 1802, and died 
 June 30th, 1855. Her father came to Illinois from Georgia. Refer- 
 ence to his history is made elsewhere*. The children of this mar- 
 riage were Eisdon Moore Deneen, bom July 25th, 1833 ; and died 
 December 25th, 1864 ; Samuel H. Deneen, and Sarah A, the wife 
 of the Hon. A. W. Metcalf, of Edwardsville. 
 
 The birthplace of Samuel H. Deneen was six miles east of Belle- 
 ville. He entered McKendree College in 1850, and graduated in 
 1854. The following year he was engaged in teaching school and 
 in prosecuting the study of the ancient languages. In 1855 he was 
 elected tutor in the classics in McKendree College, and in 1858 was 
 made Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages. His studies now 
 took a wide range over the field of ancient, and more especially, of 
 Roman literature and he read carefully and critically the entire re- 
 
 * See the sketch of Bisdon A. Moore. 
 
 maining works of the principal Latin authors. In 1862 he was 
 elected Professor of the Latin language and literature. In the sum- 
 mer of 1862 he enlisted in the Union army and was commissioned 
 adjutant of the 117th regiment, Illinois volunteers. When his 
 regiment entered the field he was appointed Acting Assistant Ad- 
 jutant-General of the third brigade, third division, sixteenth army 
 corps. This portion of the Union army saw service in the States 
 of Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Ala- 
 bama. He participated in the marches, skirmishes, and battles of 
 his brigade until thelatter part of November, 1864, when he received 
 an honorable discharge from the service on account of sickness. 
 
 In 1865 he resumed his labors in the college as Professor of Latin, 
 the duties of which position had been divided among other teachers 
 during his absence in the war. He engaged in his tasks with new 
 vigor. Through his agency another year of Latin was added to the 
 studies required in the classical course. He had sought in every 
 way to render this department of collegiate instruction as ample 
 and thorough as that found in the best American colleges. He has 
 shared in the interest awakened among scholars in the department 
 of comparative philology and has made a study of the modern 
 tongues yet derived from the Latin, viz : the French, Italian, 
 Spanish, and Portuguese. In recognition of his scholarly attain- 
 ments the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him 
 in 1876 by the Indiana Asbury University. 
 
 He was married in 1859 to Mary F. Ashley, daughter of Hiram 
 K. Ashley, who was born in Tennessee, April 12th, 1802, and died 
 at Lebanon, April 20th, 1865. Her mother, whose maiden name 
 was Sarah A. Horner, was born at Lebanon, May 17th, 1819, and 
 died September 5th, 1846, and was the daughter of Nathan Horner,f 
 one of the early settlers of Lebanon. Mrs. Deneen was educated 
 at the Illinois Female College, Jacksonville, Illinois, and the Wes- 
 leyan Female College, Cincinnati, Ohio, and is a graduate of the 
 latter institution. The children of Prof and Mrs. Deneen now liv- 
 ing are Edward Ashley, Charles Samuel, Sarah Alice, and Florence. 
 
 CAPT. LYMAN ADAMS, (ueceased) 
 
 Formerly a resident of Lebanon, was born at Hartf )rd, Con- 
 necticut, in February, 1779 He was connected with the celebra- 
 ted Adams family of New England. His father was a Presbyte- 
 rian minister. At the age of eleven Capt. Adams left home and 
 went on board a ship and became a sailor. He followed a sea -faring 
 life for many years, and became captain of a yessel. He was em- 
 ployed in the merchant trade. After quitting the sea he settled in 
 Baliimore, and, for a number of years, was recorder in the police 
 court of that city. During the war of 1S12-14, he commanded a 
 company of militia, raised for the defence of Baltimore, and was 
 present at the battle of Bladensburg. From Baltimore he went to 
 Louisville, Kentucky, and was there employed in the merchandiz- 
 ing and rectifying business. 
 
 He left Louisville in the year 1829, came to Illinois, and settled 
 in Lebanon. He opened a dry goods store, and also a hotel. He 
 carried on this hotel, which was called the "Mermaid," for some 
 years. The travel at that time through Lebanon was quite heavy, 
 the town being situated on the main stage line between Cincinnati and 
 St. Louis. His house was well known from Vincennes to St. Louis, 
 and many eminent men were entertained within its walls. At the 
 time Charles Dickens made his journey from St. Louis to the 
 Looking Glass prairie, he stopped over night at this hotel. Ben- 
 ton, and many other public men, were frequent guests. With 
 
 t See sketch of Henry H. Horner. 
 
344 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR CODNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 many of the prominent state politicians of that day, especially 
 those of the democratic school, Capt. Adam? was well acquainted. 
 He was himself an active politician, and a strong supporter of the 
 democratic faith. He served as post-master at Lebanon for many 
 years, was, for a long time, justice of the peace, and also acted as 
 Notary Public. He was a man of good business habits, was popu- 
 lar in the community, and well known throughout the county. He 
 died on the second of July, 1851. 
 
 His last wife, whom he married in Louisville, Kentucky, was 
 Matilda Glover. She was a native of Kentucky. Her mother, 
 Mrs. Prudence Glover, who formerly resided in Lebanon, is now 
 living in Cincinnati, and was one hundred and one years old on the 
 twenty-first of June, 1881. Capt. Adams had eleven children, all 
 by his last marriage. Of these three are now living The oldest, 
 Cecelia, is the wife of Dr. Adolph Berger, of Lebanon. The two 
 sons, Albert and Chester Adams, live at Moberly, Missouri, the 
 former a farmer and the latter a physician and druggist. 
 
 CHARLES H. SAGER. 
 
 Charles H. Sagee, dealer in hardware and agricultural im- 
 plements at Lebanon, is a native of Lancaster county, Ohio, and 
 was born on the 5th of November, 1838. His father, Col. Charles 
 Sager, was born in Hamburg, then belonging to Denmark, on the 
 10th of June, 1800. At the age of ten he left home, for six years 
 was in the AVest Indies, and when sixteen came to America. 
 From New York he went to Pittsburg, Pennsj Ivania, and was 
 there employed as clerk in a store, working in the day, and at 
 night attending school. He thus secured a good education, and 
 subsequently taught school. From Pittsburg he went to Mount 
 Vernon, Ohio, and at that place, on the 23d of September, 1823, 
 married Jane H, Smith. He afterwards lived in Lancaster, Ohio, 
 where he kept a hotel ; then moved to a little town named Oak- 
 land, twelve miles from Lancaster. In 1854 went to Washington, 
 Ohio, and in the fall of 1858 came to Lebanon, to which place he 
 brought his family the next year. He established the business at 
 Lebanon, which is still carried on by his son, C. H. Sager. He 
 died at Lebanon on the 2d of July, 1877. While a resident of 
 Mount Vernon, Ohio, he com manded a regiment of home guards, 
 and thus acquired the title of Colonel, which he carried through 
 life. As a business man he was exact, accommodating, honest and 
 reliable, and had the entire confidence of the community. He 
 was first a member of the Lutheran Church, but assisted in the 
 organization of the first Presbyterian Church of Lebanon, in which 
 he was made a ruling elder, and of which he was a strong sup- 
 porter. He was active in Sunday-school work. 
 
 C. H. Sager, the fifth of seven children, of whom four, two 
 brothers and two sisters, are now living, resided in Ohio till twenty 
 years of age. He then came to Lebanon with his father, with 
 whom he engaged in business. After his father's death he con- 
 tinued to carry on the store, and is known as an enterprising and 
 successful business man. He carries a full stock of hardware, and 
 deals largely in the latest and most improved kinds of agricultural 
 machinery. He was married in March, 1859, to Amelia Starkel, 
 daughter of Charles Starkel. His children by this marriage are — 
 Emile, C. M Sager, Francis, who died at the age of one year, 
 Edgar Grant, James Richard and Jesse Blanche. He has been a 
 republican in politics. He served one term as treasurer of the City 
 of Lebanon. He is connected with the Odd Fellows and order of 
 United Workmen, and is now a member of the School Board. 
 
 SAMUEL G. SMITH 
 Was born at Wilmington, Delaware, August 30th, 1809. His 
 father, John Smith, was born in Western Pennsylvania, learned the 
 trade of a tanner and currier, and at Wilmington married Gertrude 
 Gilpin, daughter of Abigail and Vincent Gilpin. The Gilpin fa- 
 mily were Quakers, and lived in Wilmington during the Revolu- 
 tionary war. Mr. Smith's mother was accustomed to relate how at 
 the approach of the British the Quaker families of Wilmington 
 buried their silver. After the battle of the Brandywine several 
 wounded British officers were brought to their house for treatment. 
 Mr. Smith's father had a large tannery in Wilmington, and built 
 the first steamboat (called the ^tna) which ran on the Delaware 
 as a packet between Wilmington and Philadelphia. He also 
 operated a large rolling mill, five miles from Wilmington. Having 
 lost a considerable part of his means by speculation in hides during 
 the war of 1812-14, he removed to the West in 1819, reaching 
 Carlyle in Clinton county July 5th. He built two large hewn log 
 •houses on the old Vincennes and St. Louis road, two miles east of 
 Shoal creek, and there kept a hotel for a number of years. In 
 1831, he settled in this county, near where the Pittsburg railroad 
 descends the blufi", opened two coal pits, and hauled the coal to St. 
 Louis. He subsequently moved to a farm in the Looking Glass 
 prairie, and afterward to Lebanon, where he died. 
 
 Samuel G. Smith was married in January, 1835, to Orinda Bank- 
 son. Her father. Col. Andrew Bankson, was in the ranging ser- 
 vice during the war of 1812-14. He was an old settler of St. 
 Clair county, and afterward removed to Clinton county, where he 
 died. Mr. Smith after his marriage was farming in Clinton county 
 till 1846, and then moved to Iowa and settled on the Mississippi, 
 fifteen miles below Dubuque. He there operated a ferry across the 
 river for about twelve years. His first wife died in 1848, 
 On the 2d of May, 1849, he married Mary Ann Peck, the fifth 
 child of Rev. John M. Peck, whose history is referred to elsewhere. 
 In 1858, Mr. Smith purchased the old place, known as Rock Spring, 
 on which Mr. Peck settled in coming to St. Clair county, and has 
 resided there since. Three or four remarkably fine springs on the 
 farm gave the place its name. Mr. Peck's house is still us^d by 
 Mr. Smith as a residence, and a building is also still standing, in 
 which was published the Western Pioneer, the first religious news- 
 paper in the West. This was one of the first printing offices in Il- 
 linois. Mr. Smith has eight children living : Mary, wife of Benja- 
 min Moore, now living in Kansas ; John F., who died at the age 
 of twenty-five ; Gertrude G., wife of Thomas Oliver of Chicago ; 
 Andrew Clark Smith, who died at the age of thirty-eight; George 
 W. Smith of Chicago ; William, James 0., De Witt Clinton, and 
 Chester P. Smith, who live in this county ; Sarah Ann, the next to 
 the youngest child, died at the age of eleven. Mr. Smith was first 
 a Whig in politics, voted for Clay in 1832, became a republican 
 when the party was first organized, and has belonged to that party 
 ever since. 
 
 OLIVER V. JONES. 
 This gentleman, editor and proprietor of the Lebanon Journal, 
 is a native of Kentucky, and was born in Caldwell county, in that 
 state, on the 28th of December, 1824. Both his paternal and ma- 
 ternal ancestors were from England. His grandfather, William 
 Jones, was a resident of North Carolina, and a soldier in the war of 
 the Revolution. His father. Fountain W. Jones, was born in Sum- 
 ner county, Tennessee, and at an early age accompanied his father 
 to Kentucky, and was raised in the latter state. He was married 
 at Dover, Tennessee, to Mary Ann Vanlandingham, who was a native 
 
HISTORY 01 ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 345 
 
 of Kentucky. Fountain W. Jones removed from Kentucky to Illi- 
 nois in 1830, and settled in Gallatin county, near Shawneetown. 
 He volunteered under Gen. Posey in the Black Hawk war, and 
 served in the campaign of 1832. His company was commanded by 
 Capt. Harrison Wilson, father of Gen. James H- Wilson. 
 
 The subject of this biographical sketch was the oldest of a family 
 of nine children. He was six years old at the time of the removal 
 of the family to this state. He was raised in Gallatin county, attend- 
 ing the ordinary common schools^ and having such opportunities for 
 instruction as were common at that day. He had determined, 
 however, to secure a good education, and by making rails obtained 
 sufficient means to enable him to enter McKendree College in the 
 spring of 1847. His studies were interrupted by his being obliged 
 to teach school to secure the necessary means to allow him to prose- 
 cute his studies, but he completed the course, and graduated in 
 1853. After his graduation he was made tutor in mathematics, 
 and was subsequently elected adjunct professor of mathematics and 
 English literature. Afterward, in 1866, he was made professor of 
 mathematics and astronomy. At the time of his resignation, in 
 1879, he had been connected with the college twenty-six years. 
 During part of the year 1880 he was engaged as a Methodist minis- 
 ter on the Wisetown circuit, in Clinton and Bond counties. For 
 some months subsequently he was a teacher in the Illinois Literary • 
 and Commercial Institute, at Lebanon. 
 
 On the 18th of February, 1881, he issued the first number of the 
 Lebanon Journal, which he is now publishing. A newspaper of 
 this name had previously been published in Lebanon. He was 
 married in 1858 to Miss Mary E. Crocker, a native of Lee, Massa- 
 chusetts. By this marriage he had two children living, one son and 
 one daughter. Since 1846 he has been a member of the Methodist 
 church, and since 1867 has been an ordained minister of that de- 
 nomination. He was first a democrat in politics, though in common 
 with a great portion of that party he entertained free-soil sentiments, , 
 and on the organization of the republican party he became a repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Kev. WILLIAM FLETCHER SWAHLEN, Ph. D. 
 
 Prop. William F. Swahlen, Ph. D. who occupies the chair of 
 the Greek and German Languages and Literature in McKen- 
 dree College, Lebanon, Illinois, was born at Wheeling, West Vir- 
 ginia, on the 19th of April, 1839. His father, the Rev. John 
 Swahlen, was a pioneer minister of the German Methodist Church, 
 and was born in Canton Berne, Switzerland, December 25th, 1808. 
 The family name is spelled in Switzerland, Zwahlen. John Swahlen 
 came to America in 1832, and the succeeding year made his home 
 in Cincinnati, where he was converted and joined the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. He was the first member of the German Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Society of Cincinnati — the first organization of the 
 kind in the world. In 1838 he was sent to Wheeling, West Vir- 
 ginia, as a missionary among the Germans, and established the first 
 German Methodist Episcopal Society in Wheeling. In 1839 he 
 built a substantial brick church for his congregation, which was 
 the first German Methodist Episcopal Church edifice ever erected 
 in the world. 
 
 From that time the active years of his life were devoted to 
 missionary efibrts among the German population. He founded 
 many churches, and was the means of doing much good. He was 
 subsequently stationed at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; was at War- 
 renton, Missouri, in 1842-43 ; Lawrenceburg, Indiana, 1843-44 ; 
 44 
 
 Sidney, Ohio, 1844-6 ; Baltimore, Maryland, 1846-8 ; Newark, 
 New Jersey, 1848-9; New York city, 1849-51; BuflTalo, New 
 York, 1861-3; Albany, New York, 1853-4; Baltimore, 1854-6; 
 Brooklyn, 1855-7 ; Poughkeepsie, New York, 1857-8 ; Troy, New 
 York, 1858-60; Philadelphia, 1860-2; Elizabeth, New Jersey, 
 1862-4; Poughkeepsie, New York, 1864-66; was presiding elder 
 of the Philadelphia district, 1866-70, and was stationed in Balti- 
 more in 1870-2. He has since occupied a superannuated relation, 
 except in the year 1876, when he was pastor of a churcli in Phila- 
 delphia. He is now living at Evansville, Indiana. His efibrts 
 were of great service to the cause of German Methodism. ' A cor- 
 rect estimate of his character and labors can, perhaps, be formed 
 from a remark of Bishop Simpson, in his Encyclopedia of Metho- 
 dism, that " long before the organization of the Church Extension 
 Si)ciety, John Swahlen was virtually such an organization in him- 
 self." 
 
 He was married in the year 1838 to Ann Taylor Gibbons, a na- 
 tive of Chester county, Pennsylvania, who was descended from one 
 of the early Quaker families, which made their home in Pennsyl- 
 vania shortly after the first settlement of the colony by Penn. Her 
 father was named John Gibbons. Her mother belonged to the 
 Cope family, also connected with the early Quaker settlement of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 William Fletcher Swahlen was the oldest of two children. He 
 has a sister who resides at Evansville, Indiana. During his early 
 life his changes of residence were frequent on account of the itine- 
 rant labors of his father, but in several eastern cities he had most 
 excellent educational advantages. At Buffalo his instructor was 
 N. P. Stanton, Jr., afterward Secretary of the State of New York. 
 At Albany he attended the Albany Academy, under the principal- 
 ship of George H. Cook and David Murray. At Baltimore he was 
 a student at the Light Street Institute, where he had the benefit of 
 two years' thorough instruction by Asbury J. Morgan. In 1856 
 and 1857, his teacher was Prof. Charles Anthon, of the Columbia 
 College Grammar School. In the fall of 1858 he entered the 
 Freshman class of the Troy University, of which the Rev. John 
 McClintock, D. D., was then president. In 1860 he became a 
 member of the Sophomore class of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 where he pursued the regular classical course, graduating in July, 
 1863. 
 
 Immediately after his graduation he was elected Adjunct Pro- 
 fessor of Greek and German in McKendree College, and took his 
 place among the regular corps of instructors, in October, 1863. 
 From that date to the present time, he has been uninterruptedly 
 connected with the college faculty. In 1867 he was elected to a 
 full professorship. ' He was married on the 29th of June, 1873, to 
 Miss Carrie V. Hypes, daughter of Benjamin Hypes, one of the 
 oldest residents of the town of Lebanon. There have been four 
 children by this marriage; Ella Blanche, Walter Gibbons, (now 
 deceased) ; Percy Hypes, and Arthur Essex. Prof. Swahlen, with 
 one exception, is now the oldest member of the college faculty, 
 and has assisted in giving McKendree its reputation for thorough- 
 ness of instruction. In 1870, at the annual session of the Southern 
 Illinois Conference held at Lebanon, he was ordained a deacon in 
 the Methodist Episcopal ministry, by Bishop Simpson, and in 1877 
 was ordained elder by Bishop Thomas Bowman. In 1866 he re- 
 ceived the degree of A. M., both from the McKendree College and 
 the University of Pennsylvania, his alma mater ; anti in 1877, the 
 degree of Ph. D., from the Iowa Wesleyan University. 
 
34G 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHARLES BLANCK, (i>eceased). 
 
 Among the former prominent business men of Lebanon the name 
 of Charles Blanck deserves to be perpetuated in the history of St. 
 Clair county. He was born at Mai chow, in Mecklenburg Schwerin, 
 on the 14th of December, 1833. The family had lived in the town 
 of Malchow for several generations, and there was born Henry 
 Blanck, the father of the subject of this sketch. He carried on the 
 business of a cloth manufacturer. The first thirteen years of Mr. 
 Blanck's life were spent in Germany. At the age of six he began 
 attending a school connected with the Lutheran church, the studies 
 in which he completed before leaving the old country. In 1846 
 the family emigrated from Germany to America, landing at New 
 Orleans on the loth of October, 1846. From that place they came 
 immediately to St. Louis, and after living two months in that city, 
 became residents of Lebanon. Here, in the spring of 1847, Henry 
 Blanck established a wool-carding machine, which he carried on for 
 a number of years. He died on the 8th of April, 1876. His 
 widow, whose name before marriage was Elizabeth Profke, is still 
 living at Lebanon, and was seventy years of age in April, 1881. 
 
 Soon after coming to Lebanon, Mr. Blanck went to live with 
 James M. Whittaker, with the object of learning the English lan- 
 guage. He made rapid progress, and in after life spoke the English 
 with so much correctness, and freedom from foreign accent, that it 
 could not be told that he was not a native of this country. After 
 remaining a few months at Judge Whittaker's he entered the store 
 of Col. Hugo Wangelin, then in the mercantile business at Leba- 
 non, and was employed by him two years. When sixteen he went 
 to St. Louis with a view of obtaining a situation in that city. He 
 was without friends, and remained at the hotel four weeks, some- 
 times lonesome and despondent, before he was able to secure any- 
 thing to do. He was then given employment in a dry goods store, 
 and remained four years in the same establishment. He was active 
 and industrious, and pleased his employers so well that they regret- 
 ted to dispense with his services, and offered him an increase of 
 salary if he would remain. He had made up his mind, however, 
 to go into business for himself, and in the spring of 1854 came to 
 Lebanon, and purchased, partly on time, a small stock of goods 
 from the firm of Sargeant & Wangelin, and embarked in business 
 on his own account. His only capital at that time was some money 
 which he had saved while in St. Louis. He kept this store in a 
 frame building at the corner of St. Louis and Mill streets, and was 
 afterward in business uninterruptedly at this location up to the 
 time of his death. 
 
 He went into business at the time of the building of the Ohio 
 
 and Mississippi railroad through St. Clair county. When he came 
 to Lebanon from St. Louis he was a passenger on the locomotive 
 which made the first trip over the road from East St. Louis to 
 Lebanon, then the eastern terminus. The building of the railroad, 
 and other circumstances, made business active in Lebanon, and Mr. 
 Blanck prospered from the start. He made the best of his oppor- 
 tunities, and rapidly accumulated money. In 1858 the old frame 
 structure in which he made his first attempt at a business career, 
 was supplanted by a substantial brick building, which is still stand- 
 ing, though it was partly destroyed by fire after Mr. Blanck's death, 
 and has since been rebuilt. He was married at Lebanon on the 
 1st day of January, 1855, to Miss Jennie Cape, who was born in 
 Washington county, Missouri. Her father, William B. Cape, was 
 a native of Virginia, and died in Washington county, Missouri. 
 Her mother, Amy Carty, was bom in Kentucky, and is still living 
 at Carrollton, in this state. The death of Mr. Blanck occurred on 
 the 15th of April, 1878. He was' then in the forty-fifth year of his 
 age, in the prime of life, and in the midst of a business career 
 which up to that time had been more than usually successful. 
 
 He was well known as an enterprising and active business man. 
 Though, with the exception of attending night-school in St. Louis, 
 he had no advantages for instruction in this country, yet he had 
 acquired by wide reading, a valuable stock of information, and was 
 a good English scholar. While living in St. Louis he had acquired 
 a thorough knowledge of the French language. He possessed re- 
 fined tastes, and was a lover of music and works of art. He was 
 identified in some capacity with the government of Lebanon for 
 many years ; first as city register, then as treasurer, and afterwards 
 as member of the board of aldermen, in which he served as chairr 
 man of the finance committee. He was especially interested in 
 the public schools, and was regarded as one of the most active 
 members of the board of education. He was an honest, upright, 
 and useful citizen, and a man who attached to himself many warm 
 personal friends. His death was a loss not only to his immediate 
 family, but to the community at large. He was generous in his 
 disposition, charitable to the poor, and will long be remembered for 
 his many good deeds. His grave in the cemetery at Lebanon is 
 marked by a handsome monument, erected to his memory by Mrs. 
 Blanck. He was a democrat, but took no active or conspicuous 
 part in politics. He had been brought up a member of the Lu- 
 theran church, but in Lebanon attended, with his family, the 
 Methodist church, from which he was buried. His oldest child, 
 Ida Belle, is now the wife of James D. Baker, who is engaged in 
 the banking business at Lebanon. The youngest, Amy Elizabeth, 
 married Charles W. Harrison, of Belleville. 
 
SUMMERFIELD PRECINCT. 
 
 -^ea-^®-Ss^ 
 
 I HIS precinct lies in the extreme north-east corner 
 of the county, the greater part being in T. 2 N., 
 R, 6 W., with a strip one and a half miles 
 wide and four long, from the north of T. 1 N., 
 R. 6 W. It is bounded on the north by Madi- 
 son county, east by Clinton county, south by 
 Mascoutah, and west by Lebanon precints. The 
 surface is a pleasantly undulating prairie, con- 
 taining numerous high and beautiful building 
 sites. The soil is rich and productive, and many fine, highly-im- 
 proved farms may be seen within its borders. Several small 
 streams, tributaries of Silver Creek, flow westwardly through the 
 precinct, and furnish drainage to the lands and a supply of water 
 for other purposes. There are several small patches of timber scat- 
 tered over the territory, which supply the demand for fencing, etc. 
 The Ohio and Mississippi railroad runs from east to west through 
 the precinct, entering it on section 24 and leaving on section 28. 
 The first settlements in this precinct were made prior to 1810, 
 one mile south of the present site of Summerfield, in what is known 
 as the Union Grove settlement. The earliest settler was Nathan 
 Chambers, who located on section 33, near a small branch of Silver 
 Creek, as early as 1806. Chambers was a man of some talent, and 
 well adapted for the hardships incident to a frontier life. In 1811- 
 12 he built a fort on his place, which was known as " Chambers' 
 Fort," where the neighboring families gathered for protection 
 against Indian depredations. Mr. Chambers held several minor 
 county offices in early times. We will mention the names of some 
 of the earliest settlers in this vicinity : — Robert and James Moore, 
 John Broom, William Padfield, Robert Farar, Samuel and Alfred 
 Ryle, Henry Button, John Dew, a Methodist minister ; Thornton 
 Peeples, also a Methodist minister ; Dr. Anthony W. Casad, Ed- 
 mond Randle, Malcom Johnson, Peter Wright, Wm. Lunceford and 
 Samuel H. Thompson — a noted Methodist minister. William Pad- 
 field was a native of Kentucky, and settled here in 1815. He had 
 quite a large family, mott of whom married and left descendants. 
 The sons were — Thomas, William R. (who lived in a fine residence 
 in the suburbs of Summerfield) ; Henry, James R., a farmer, resid- 
 ing on section 34; Joseph, Hiram, and several daughters. Wm R. 
 and James R. are the only sons now living. Mr. Padfield was a 
 zealous member of the M. E. Church, and for a number of years 
 had a camp-meeting ground on his farm. Joshua Barnes was an 
 early settler, and also an early Methodist preacher and school 
 teacher. Among the earliest settlers north of Union Grove may be 
 mentioned W. W. Roman, Wm. Frazier, Michael Keith, J. McKeg, 
 John Lord, Mr. Anderson, Joseph Schrougham, John Marney, 
 Capt. Morris, Preston Utley, James Paydon, and others. The fol- 
 
 lowing are the land entries in this precinct in 1814, as taken from 
 the county records : Daniel Simons, S. W. i sec. 33, 160 acres, 
 Sept. 26; George Nichols, N. E. i sec. 34, 160 acres, Sept. 15; 
 Pleasant Nichols, N. W. i sec. 34, 160 acres, Sept. 15 ; Nathan 
 Chambers, S. W. i sec. 34, 160 acres, Sept. 15; Francis Swan, 
 S. E. i sec. 34, 160 acres, Sept. 16. The above are in T. 2 N. R. 
 6 W. Francis Swan, N. E. i sec. 3, 153 im acres, Sept. 16 ; Nathan 
 Chambers, N. W. i sec. 3, 154 acres, Sept. 15 ; Robert Frazier, 
 N. E. i sec. 9, 160 acres, Sept. 10; John Brown, N. W. i sec. 10, 
 160 acres, Nov. 24; John Nichols, N. E. i sec. 4, 154 /oo acres, 
 Sept. 26; Henry Hutton, 8. W. i sec. 4, 160 acres, Sept. 10, are in 
 T. 1 N. R. 6 W. John Wordsworth, who resides on section 16, is 
 a native of Clinton county, Illinois, and settled in St. Clair in 1830. 
 G H. Appel, a farmer on section 35, was born in Germany, and 
 came to this county in 1834. John H. Calbreath, who resides on sec- 
 tion 11, is a son of William Calbreath, who settled in this county 
 about 1804^5. He was born here in 1825. Judge James Whitta- 
 ker, an honorable citizen who resides in the northern part of this 
 precinct, was an early associate judge, and has held other minor 
 offices. 
 
 The first school-house was erected of logs in Union Grove at a 
 very early date, and schools were held there for some time before 
 other school-houses were built in this precinct. A church was also 
 built in this settlement by the Methodist denomination about 1820 ; 
 but soon after it was completed it was set on fire by some evil-dis- 
 posed parties, and completely destroyed. It was soon replaced by 
 another, even larger and better than the one before. The first mill 
 was built by William Padfield in section 2 of T. 1 N., R. 6 W., 
 about 1826. It was an ox mill, and the largest of the kind at that 
 time in this part of the country. The building was about 60 x 80 
 feet, and five stories high. It was a grist and saw mill, propelled 
 by ten oxen. Padfield's mill was known and patronized by the set- 
 tlers for thirty miles around. Mr. Padfield also had a blacksmith's 
 shop and store at this point, and at that early day there was con- 
 siderable trading done here. The store was kept by Thomas Pad- 
 field, and was opened as early as 1818. 
 
 Frederick Hecker arrived in the United States in autumn, 1848, 
 a voluntary exile. Hecker was born in Eichtersheim, Baden, Sep- 
 tember 28th, 1811, had received a splendid education, became a 
 most distinguished jurisprudent and ardent politician. Hecker 
 was the acknowledged leader of republicanism in south Germany, 
 organized as such, an insurrection against the existing monarchy, 
 in the spring of 1848, was defeated at Kandern, and fled into 
 Switzerland. After a brief stay, he emigrated t ) America. 
 Another revolutionary attempt, promising a better success, re-called 
 Hecker to Europe, where he arrived in July, 1849, just in tinie to 
 
 347 
 
348 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIB COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 learn that his most cherished dreams of freedom and popular sov- 
 ereignty would have to remain dreams for ages yet. Hecker re- 
 turned the same year and settled in this township, near Summer- 
 field. His home was known as the most hospitable one far or near, 
 and of the thousands that came in the course of years to pay their 
 respects to the revolutionist and philosopher, not one departed but 
 was most favorably impressed with the amiability of host and hostess. 
 Hecker died on the 24th of March, 1881, and was buried on the 
 28th. His funeral was the largest ever witnessed in St. Clair 
 county. A dozen states sent delegations, and the friends that 
 participated in the solemnizing of the day, are to be numbered by 
 thousands. 
 
 VILLAGE OF SUMMERFIELD. 
 
 This place, like many others in the west, sprang into existence 
 with the building of the railroad through this part of the county. 
 It was laid out in the spring of 1854, by Thomas Casad and B. T. 
 Kavanaugh. At the time it was laid out, the site was covered with 
 a gr >wth of small timber and underbrush ; not a house was within 
 its limits. The first building was erected by Samuel S. Casad, soon 
 after the survey was made, in the spring of 1854. It was a small 
 one-story frame dwelling, situated on block eight, lot four, and is 
 still standing, and forms a part of. Peter KuUmann's store-house. 
 In one room of this building, Mr. Casad kept a small stock of 
 general store goods, and it was only a few months until a post-office 
 was ^tablished, and Mr. Casad was appointed post-master. 
 
 Samuel S. Casad was not only the first resident of the village, 
 but also the first merchant, and did much toward building up the 
 place. He soon erected a second house, on the lot just north of 
 the first, and the following fall, John Wakefield, Eev. Thornton 
 Peeples and Dr. Walker, each erected dwellings about the same 
 time. Dr. Walker was the first resident physician. The present 
 large steam flouring mill was being built in 1854, and a blacksmith 
 shop was also opened in the same year. In the spring of 1855, 
 Andrew Hall and Thomas Casad erected sevej-al tenement houses, 
 and this y&ir the population was considerably increased. A two- 
 story frime building was erected by H. Beetle, who opened a hotel, 
 the first in the place. Mr. Casad continued the only merchant un- 
 til the completion of a store-house by Rev. Thornton Peeples, in the 
 summer of 1856, when Bradford & Brother, of St Louis, laid in a 
 stock of clothing. The next store-house was built by John Wake- 
 field, early in 1857, and that spring Wakefield & Phillips opened 
 a general stock of goods. In the same year Eev. Thornton Peeples 
 erected another store, and a general stock of goods was opened in 
 it by the firm, Peeples & Dew.' This year a broom factory was 
 erected by a stock company, composed of enterprising men, and 
 operated successfully by Haven & White for several years. In a 
 severe storm the building was blown down, and was never rebuilt. 
 There were several stores and minor enterprises establi hed in 1 857 
 and '58, and since then the village has grown gradually, and like 
 all places, there have been numerous changes in the business circle. 
 S. P. Dew, Joseph R. Padfield, John M. Casad, Charles Wakefield, 
 Henry Ruth, George Bumb, John Schupp, Dr. A. W. Casad, Gar- 
 ret and Jacob Vogt, Charles L. Dew, Julius- Winkler, Joseph 
 Trenz, George Peters and Jacob Schuster, were among the early 
 residents, and business men not above mentioned. 
 
 The first school was a private one, taught in the rear of Rev. 
 Peeples' store-house, in the summer of 1856, by Miss Lucy E Dew. 
 It was a three-months' subscription school. , The first public school 
 building was erected in 1860. It is still standing near the new one, 
 and is now being used by the German parochial school. It is a 
 brick, one story high, 36x40 feet, with two rooms, and cost, when 
 
 built, $4,000. The present fine brick structure was erected in 1874, 
 at a cost of $10,500, including furniture. It is 40x60 feet, and 
 two stories high. The entrance projects from the main building 
 and runs above the roof, forming a tower, in which swings a bell. 
 It has four school-rooms and employs four teachers. 
 
 The Methodist denomination built the first church, which was 
 completed in 1857. It was constructed of brick, in size about 
 40x60 feet, with basement, where the public schools were first held. 
 This building was torn down in 1874, and their present fine brick 
 church was built on the same spot. 
 
 The Mennonite church is a one-story brick structure, about 
 30x45 feet, and was erected in 1858. 
 
 The German Methodist church was erected in 1864. It is a brick 
 building, about 24x36 feet. The Evangelical Lutherans have a 
 brick church about 30x40 feet, which was erected in 1865. 
 
 Summerfield was incorporated under the general law as a village 
 in 1866. 
 
 A coal-shaft was sunk at this point several years ago, but was never 
 successfully worked. Coal was discovered at a depth of three hun- 
 dred and eighty feet ; the vein, however, was but three and a half 
 feet in thickness, which was too small to be profitably worked, 
 Summerfield, situated as it is in the heart of a rich and populous 
 farming district, makes it a good point for shipping and general 
 mercantile business. The precinct and village together have a 
 population of 1 ,676, both well supplied with churches and schools, 
 which are liberally maintained. Summerfield has two secret socie- 
 ties ; the Summerfield Lodge, No. 342, A. F. & A. M., was chartered 
 in 1860, and has a membership of twenty-four. The Summerfield 
 Lodge, No. 163, A. O. W. M., was chartered March 12, 1880, and 
 has twenty-eight members. Both societies are in good working order. 
 
 The Summerfield Mills as stated above, was built in 1854, by 
 Casad, Wakefield & Co. In 1859 it was purchased by C. Eisen- 
 mayer, the present owner, who enlarged the building and capacity. 
 It is an excellent mill, and contains seven run of burrs and six 
 pairs of rolls, with a capacity of manufacturing two hundred and 
 fifty barrels of flour per day. Several fine brands of flour are 
 manufactured, most of which is shipped to the eastern states and 
 to various parts of Europe. The building is about half brick and 
 half frame, five stories high. Everything is well arranged, and it 
 is among the best mills in the county. A large cooper shop is car- 
 ried on in connection with the business. Employs in all about 
 thirty-five men 
 
 In 1880 Ruth & Whitaker erected an elevator on the railroad, 
 just east of the depot. It is constructed for handling all kinds of 
 grain, and haa a capacity of 5,000 bushels storage. 
 
 PRESENT BUSINESS FIRMS — TRABE OF 1881 : 
 
 General Stores— J Winkler, S R. Whitaker, E. Pauseh & Bro., 
 J. E. Kreihbiel and P. Kullman. 
 
 Drug Store— W. B. Taggert. 
 
 Physicians— J. H. Hewitt, J. A. Close. 
 
 .Baier^/— William Bloch. 
 
 Hardware and Stoves— Jacoh Braundel. 
 
 HotelsSewell House ; Prairie House, Joseph Trenz, proprietor ; 
 Tremont House, John Miller, proprietor. 
 
 Shoe Shops--Loms Tecklenburg, Jacob Seitz, Charles Antoine. 
 
 Blacksmith Shops - George Bumb, Frank Grimm, Sen., Frank 
 Grimm, Jr. 
 
 Wagon S^qps— Phillip Bauhenz, Louis Landwehr. 
 Larber Shop — Jacob Schuster, Jr. 
 Harness ^S/iop— Christian Trost. 
 
 FiSer^"^' ^^'*'''' ^' ^^^^'"' '^°*'° ^^^^^' '^' ^•'^onald, Phillip 
 

 
 
 '4 ^ f .^^^ 
 
 
 ■d^ 
 
 
 Farm Residence of JOSEPH P WHITAKER,S€cl6J2, R 6,(SuMMERFiELoPHmHCTjST QlairCoJll 
 
 Besidence of Wm.R.PADFIELD, Mof a Mile West of Sumnierfield, III. 
 
,'i 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 -Tss-'^-ejM- 
 
 <^^^c^.^M. 
 
 Mrs. W. R. PADFIELD, 
 
 One of the oldest residents of St. Clair county, was born two miles 
 and a half south of Summerfield, on the 30th of September, 1821. 
 His ancestors formerly lived in Maryland, and from there moved 
 to Kentucky. His great grandfather emigrated from England 
 and settled in Maryland. His grandfather, whose name was Wm. 
 Padfield, was born in Maryland, and during the Revolutionary war 
 served in the American army as the driver of a provision wagon. 
 His father, Thomas Padfield, was born in Maryland, in the year 
 1792. In 1793, when he was not yet a year old, the family moved 
 to Kentucky, and settled in Christian county, near Hopkinsville. 
 They were among the early residents of that part of the state. Thos. 
 Padfield was one of the Kentucky soldiers under Gen. Hopkins, in the 
 war of 1812-14. He took part in Harrison's campaign against the 
 Indians, and was present at the battle of Tippecanoe. He came 
 through Illinois as early as 1811, and that year also visited St. 
 Louis. 
 
 In 1815 Mr. Padfield's grandfather moved with the family from 
 Kentucky to Illinois, and settled about three miles south of the 
 present town of Summerfield, on the place which was afterwards 
 the residence of Col. Fred. Hecker. Mr. Padfield's grandfather 
 made the first improvements on the Hecker farm. He died at this 
 place at the age of seventy-five. The settlement in this neighbor- 
 hood, called Union Grove, was one of the earliest in that part of 
 the county. Mr. Padfield's father was twenty-three years old when 
 the family made their home in Illinois. Soon after his arrival he 
 opened a store at Carlyle — the first one ever in existence in that town. 
 After carrying on this store for three or four years, the goods were 
 moved to Union Grove, where Mr. Padfield's father continued the 
 business. Thomas Padfield was married at Carlyle to Temperance 
 Hill, daughter of Major Isaac Hill. She was born in Georgia. 
 Her father, Major Hill, was in the war of 1812, and during that 
 campaign commanded a fort near Greenville, in Bond county. 
 
 349 
 
350 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLmOIS. 
 
 This is the fort near which Tom. Higgins had his celebrated fight 
 with the Indians, and Mr. Padfield's mother was in the fort at the 
 time of the encounter, which was in plairf view of the garrison. 
 Major Hill also served in the Black Hawk war. 
 
 After his marriage, Thomas Padfield settled two miles and a half 
 south of Summerfield, on a farm now owned by W. R. Padfield. 
 He moved to Summerfield in 1869, and died in November, 1873. 
 His wife had died previously in 1863. He was a man of indus- 
 trious habits, and his time was constantly spent in some useful em- 
 ployment. He was first a member of the Whig party and after- 
 wards a Republican. 
 
 W. R. Padfield was raised in the country, and attended the old- 
 fashioned subscription schools, held in log school-houses with punch- 
 eon floors and slab benches. He went to school as much as he had op- 
 portunity, but most of his education was obtained at home, nights, 
 without instruction, by the light of a brushwood fire He was 
 married in June, 1853, to Miss Caroline Alexander, daughter of 
 John Alexander. The Alexander family came to Illinois from 
 Pennsylvania, and settled near Shiloh. She died of consumption 
 within a few months after her marriage. Mr. Padfield engaged in 
 farming on his father's old farm, two miles and a half south of 
 Summerfield, and lived there till he moved to his present residence 
 just west of Summerfield in 1880. A view of this place appears on 
 another page. He owns three hundred and fifty acres of land south 
 of Summerfield. Beside his residence adjoining Summerfield, he 
 is the owner of considerable property in that town. His second 
 marriage took place in the spring of 1863, to Anna Kleiu, a native 
 of Manheim, Germany. She died in the spring of 1874. His 
 present wife, to whom he was married in the spring of 1875, was 
 Elizabeth Klein, a sister of his second wife. She was born on the 
 ocean while her parents were coming to this country. Her father 
 is Powell Klein, of Mascoutah. He has two children by his last 
 marriage, whose names are Damon and Sideros, the former now 
 five and the latter less than a year old. Mr. Padfield has been a 
 member of the Republican party ever since it first started, and 
 voted for Fremont in 1856, the first Republican presidential candi- 
 date. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at Summerfield. He 
 was elected Justice of the Peace in 1874, and has filled that posi- 
 tion with satisfaction to the people. One of the characteristics of 
 his administration of this ofiice has been his desire to have parties 
 to a suit settle their disputes without litigation, and in this he has 
 been generally successful. 
 
 DR. EDWARD PARKS BLAND 
 Is a resident of Summerfield precinct, and was born in Amelia 
 county of the Old Dominion, on the 13th of December, 1813. The 
 family to which he belongs was of English origin, and occupied a 
 good position in that part of Virginia The subject of this sketch 
 was raised in Virginia. He acquired a liberal education, and for 
 a time was a student in William and Mary College. Soon after 
 leaving college he came west, and reaching the neighborhood of St. 
 Louis, took charge of a school at Bridgeton, St Louis county, Mis- 
 souri. He was only temporarily engaged in this occupation. Hav- 
 ing made up his mind to enter the medical profession, he entered 
 the old McDowell College in St. Louis, and attended lectures dur- 
 ing the winter of 1846-7. He began practice in St. Louis county, 
 Missouri, but in 1848 became a resident of St. Clair county; and 
 undertook the practice of his profession at Fayetteville. He was a 
 resident of that place for seven years, and then in the year 1855, 
 removed to Mascoutah, where he was engaged in the practice of 
 ■medicine till 1861. 
 
 While living at Mascoutah he married (on the 9th of April, 
 1856,) Julia Ann Padfield, daughter of Thomas Padfield. The 
 Padfield family was one of the earliest to settle in the north-eastern 
 part of St. Clair county. Mrs. Padfield's great-grandfather was 
 born in England, and on coming to America settled in Maryland. 
 In 1793 her grandfather, whose name was William Padfield, moved 
 from Maryland and settled in Christian county, Kentucky. Her 
 father was born in Maryland, and was not a year old when the family 
 moved to Kentucky. He was in the war of 1812-14, served in 
 General Harrison's campaign against the Indians, and was present 
 at the battle of Tippecanoe. He is said to have opened the first 
 store that was ever in the town of Carlyle. He married Temper- 
 ance Hill, daughter of Major Isaac Hill, who was one of the fir.-t 
 settlers of Carlyle, and a soldier both in the war of 1812-14 and the 
 Black Hawk war. 
 
 Dr. Bland, in 1861, became a resident of the town of Summer- 
 field, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1870 
 he moved to his present residence in section 35, T. 2 N., R. 6 W. 
 
 He has since retired from the practice of his profession, and has 
 been engaged in farming. Dr. Bland has taken an active interest 
 in politics. He was warmly attached to the democratic party. His 
 views have been thoroughly honest and sincere, and of that ad- 
 vanced and positive type which characterized all his mental con- 
 victions. During his active life he was a man of much mental 
 activity, and formed his views regardless of the opinions of others. 
 He possessed a mind of great candor, and was free, outspoken and 
 fearless in the expression of his sentiments. He cared little for 
 papular favor. As a physician, he had a good reputation, and was 
 regarded as a man of broad and liberal education. 
 
 His two children are — Edward Parks Bland, Jr., and Richard 
 Lee Bland, who are now living at home and employed in the man- 
 agement of the farm. The former received his early education 
 from his father, was for a time a student in McKendree College, 
 and graduated from a commercial institute in St. Louis. 
 
 JAMES M. WHITTAKER 
 
 Who has been a resident of St. Clair county since 1838, is a native 
 of Delaware, and was born November 20, 1816. The family is of 
 English descent. His great-grandfather, Henry Whittaker, emi- 
 grated from England to Delaware in 1640. His grandfather, 
 James Whittaker, and his father, Henry Whittaker, were born and 
 raised in Kent county, Delaware, near Dover. The Subject of this 
 sketch was the second of a family of six children. His mother, 
 whose maiden name was Sallie Miller, was a daughter of Conrad 
 Miller, and belonged to a German family which had lived in Dela- 
 ware for several genera tions. Judge Whittaker was raised in Dele- 
 ware. For a short time he attended school at Dover, the capital 
 of the state. In 1838, then in his twenty-second year, he came 
 West. In the winter of 1838-9 he taught school on Ridge Prairie. 
 In March, 1839, he married Mary Penn, daughter of William and 
 Rhuma Penn. He soon afterward went to farming on Ridge 
 prairie and in 1844 moved north-east of Lebanon. Since 1853 he 
 has resided on his present farm in section two of township two 
 north, range six west. He is the owner of about a thousand acres 
 of land, part of which lies in Madison county. He has eight child- 
 ren, six sons and two daughters. He has always been a democrat 
 in politics. In 1858, under the' old system of couuty judges, he was 
 elected associate judge, and filled that office four years. He was 
 elected as representative from St. Clair county in the Thirtieth 
 General Assembly in 1876, and served during the session of the 
 legislature in the winter of 1876-7. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIE COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 351 
 
 JOSEPH K PADFIELD. 
 
 One of the old citizens of the north-eastern part of the county, 
 is Joseph R. Padfield, who was born in St. Clair county, Illinois, 
 four miles and a half south of Summerfield, on the 24th of Sep- 
 tember, 1820. The Padfield family is of English descent, and at 
 an early date emigrated from England and settled in Maryland. 
 Particulars of the early family history may be found elsewhere in 
 the biographical sketch of W. R. Padfield. In 1793 Mr. Padfield's 
 grandfather moved from Maryland to Kentucky. William Pad- 
 field, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Ken- 
 tucky in the year 1796, was raised in that state, and obtained an 
 ordinary education in the common schools. In 1815 the family 
 moved to Illinois and settled at Union Grove, four miles and a half 
 south of Summerfield. William Padfield in 1818 married Mahala 
 Barnes, who was born in Christian county, Kentucky, whose 
 family came to Illinois at about the same time as the Padfields. 
 He lived on a farm south of Summerfield till his death in 
 1849, at the age of fifty-three. He had ten children, of whom 
 only three are now living. Of those living, Joseph R. Padfield is 
 the oldest. James R. Padfield, another son, r^ides in Mascoutah, 
 and John B. Padfield still lives on the old homestead farm. Joseph 
 R. Padfield, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, was 
 raised in the same part of the county in which he was born, and 
 
 obtained his education in the early schools of the neighborhood, 
 which, like all the country schools in the county at that time| 
 oflTered inferior educational advantages. 
 
 He was married on the 23d of April, 1844, to Susan Tipton, who 
 was born in Carter county, East Tennessee, and was the daughter 
 of James I. Tipton. After his marriage Mr. Padfield went to 
 farming for himself three miles north-east of Mascoutah, and then 
 moved to a farm two miles and a half south of Summerfield. From 
 1857 to 1864 he lived in the town of Summerfield, and while living 
 there filled the oiBce of constable. In 1864 he moved to his present 
 farm, a mile south of Summerfield. He is the owner of two hun- 
 dred and sixty acres of land. He has four children, whose names 
 are as follows : Martha, now the wife of Joseph Utly ; Matilda, 
 who married Nathan Fyke, and two sons, Crittenden and Lee, who 
 reside at home. He was first a whig in politics, but after the 
 breaking up of the whig party voted for Douglas for president in 
 1860, and has been a member of the democratic party ever since. 
 He is connected with the Masonic fraternity, and is a member of 
 Summerfield lodge, No. 342. He is now one of the oldest residents 
 of the county, and has always sustained the reputation of a peace- 
 able and law-abiding citizen, and a useful member of the commu- 
 nity. His name appropriately finds a place in this book as one of 
 the old settlers of the county. 
 
 MASCOUTAH PRECINCT. 
 
 »-»'^'»^g^^t/"^'-»-» 
 
 JHIS precinct is situated on the east side of 'the 
 county, and contains nearly seventy sections, 
 mostly fine agricultural lands, originally about 
 one third timber, but at present not over 
 one fifth of the area is timber. The land lays 
 rolling, and is considered the best of wheat 
 land, and that staple is the principal produc'C'. 
 The precinct is made out of part of four con- 
 gressional townships as follows : Town one south 
 SIX west, one south seven west, one north six west, and one north 
 seven west, and is bounded on the north by Summerfield, Lebanon, 
 and Shiloh, on the west by Shiloh, Belleville, and Fayetteville, on 
 the south by Fayetteville and St. Clair precincts, and on the east 
 by Clinton county. Silver Creek passes through the western part, 
 from north to south. The Kaskaskia river touches four sections, in 
 the south- east part. Jackson and Rayhill Sloughs drain the east 
 part of the precinct and empty into the Kaskaskia. Loup creek 
 is in the west part of the precinct, and empties into Silver C reek. The 
 first settlement's here were made along the timber edges near Silver 
 Creek, by settlers from Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia, 
 as early as 1810. It is said several of the first families came here 
 on horseback, and brought what little furniture and hoasehold 
 
 goods they possessed on pack horses, a few used the wagon of that 
 day, a description of which can be found in another part of this 
 work. On the east bank of Silver Creek, in the north-east quarter 
 of section 24 stood Fort Petersburg. It was here near the site of 
 this old Fort, where James Anderson, Sr., built his first cabin upon 
 coming to the territory of Illinois in 1810. Two years later he re- 
 moved upon the section east, being nineteen, where he lived a num- 
 ber of years ; his death occurred about forty -five years ago. He left 
 three sons : James, Martin, and Abraham ; the latter lived the life 
 of a bachelor. James and Martin improved farms in this vicinity. 
 James Anderson, Jr., was quite a prominent citizen in the county 
 for a number of years, filling the office of County Commissioner, 
 and for some time was a captain in the Black Hawk war. He re- 
 moved to Bates county, Missouri, a number of years ago, where he 
 died. Robert Abernathy settled in the north part of the precinct 
 on section nine, about 1810. Sept. 10, 1814, he entered 320 
 acres of land in this section. Miles Abernathy, son of Robert, 
 settled in the south-east part of section seven, one mile east of his 
 fathers in 1815. He put up a cotton gin here the following year, 
 the first in this part of the county, and the settlers for many miles 
 around came here to get their cottons ginned. It is said that some 
 of the larger farmers here raised as much as four and five acres of 
 
362 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 cotton every year. Job Vanwinkle settled in this neighborhood 
 about 1810 or 12. He entered the south-east quarter of section 
 eight, September 10, 1814. Jas. Bankson and Thomas Crocker 
 settled here about the same time. They entered one hundred and 
 sixty acres each, September 10, 1814. Bankson's was the south- 
 east quarter of section twelve, and his cabin stood near the bank of 
 Silver creek. Crocker entered the south-east quarter of section 
 eighteen. Thomas Kinghton was one of the early settlers on Sil- 
 ver Creek, he entered the north-east quarter of section twenty-five, 
 September 29th, 1814. 
 
 Jonathan Gaskill settled one-half mile east of Kinghton's, and 
 December 24, 1814, entered the north-east quarter of section 
 thirty. James Gilbreath settled one-half mile south of Kinghton's, 
 on Silver Creek, and December 29, 1814, he entered the northeast 
 quarter of section thirty-six. William Rittenhouse settled on the 
 west bank of Silver Creek, as early as 1810 ; he settled on section 
 twelve, in the south-western part of this precinct, September 12, 
 
 1814, and entered the south-west quarter in the above section. Rit- 
 tenhouse improved a farm here, where he resideS until his death. 
 His son. Darby Rittenhouse, well known to the old settlers of this 
 county, resided on this tract until about 1852, when he died. Isaac 
 Quick entered the north-west quarter of section seven, January 2, 
 
 1815, one-half mile north-east of where Rittenhouse settled. As 
 early as 1825 Moses Hering bought this tract of land, where he 
 lived until about 1837. He then joined the Mormons, and went to 
 Missouri. He afterwards returned to this precinct, where he died. 
 Paul Zugweiler bought out Hering about 1837, and settled on 
 the place. Joshua Clark entered eighty acres on the east side of 
 Silver creek, section twenty-four, extreme south-western part of the 
 precinct, September 17, 1814, where he improved a farm. John 
 Steel started an improvement near where Joshua Clark settled, 
 about the same time. Brice Virgin, a native of Kentucky, settled 
 on section six, a short distance south-west of the present town of 
 Mascoutah, in 1810. He resided here until his death. His sons, 
 William, Hiram and Brice, settled in the same vicinity, and raised 
 families. William Virgin served in the war of 1812, and was in 
 the government employ as a ranger until 1815, and was also in the 
 Black Hawk war. He died on the same section where his father 
 first settled, in 1855. He left his family in very good circum- 
 stances. Green Baker settled on section nine, west side of the 
 Jackson Slough, prior to 1824, where he resided until his death- 
 William McNail settled on the west side of Loup Creek, section 
 thirty-five, as early as 1818. He was a ranger here in the war of 
 1812. He lived here until after 1847, and then moved to Wash- 
 ington county, Illinois. His son, Washington McNail, settled on 
 section eight, south of Mascoutah, about 1832; he left the county 
 the same year his father did. James Reed and John Ward settled 
 on the north side of Hazel Creek, section two, as early as 1818. 
 Lemuel Dupuy located on section twelve, south-east part of the 
 precinct in 1817 or '18. He here improved a good farm, and was 
 one of the prominent farmers in this part of the county in the early 
 times. He was a zealous member of the M. E. Church, and the 
 itinerant preachers of that denomination held meetings at his house. 
 Before 1820 he fitted up a camp-ground here, and for many years 
 there were regular meetings held near his residence every year. 
 He was an honest and very conscientious man. It is said of him 
 that, in the early settlement of Illinois, the corn crop in the north- 
 ern part of the state was an entire failure ; and the settlers for sev- 
 enty and a hundred miles north came down into " Egypt " to buy 
 corn for seed, and while old man Dupuy could have received 40 
 and 50 cents per bushel for his corn on hand, he would not take 
 more than 25 cents per bushel, and would not sell to one man more 
 
 than four or or five bushels. Speculators could not buy corn of him 
 at any price. He died on the place he improved, and left many 
 friends and no enemies. Three sons of his, George, William and 
 Lemuel, improved farms in the same neighborhood as early as 1825. 
 Simeon Wakefield settled where F. Perring now lives, near Strass- 
 burg, as early as 1810. He moved to Iowa about twenty-five years 
 ago. 
 
 John Jackson, a native of St. Clair county, settled on section 
 seventeen, south of Mascoutah, about 1828, where he lived until 
 1835 ; he then moved to Missouri. 
 
 Major H. G. Brown, Jarvis Jackson, and George Rayhil) were 
 the only settlers on the Shawneetown road between Middleton's 
 ferry on the Kaskaskia and Silver Creek in 1830. Major Brown 
 served in the Black Hawk war. 
 
 Joseph Land settled on section 18, south-west of Mascoutah, as 
 early as 1825. He improved a farm here and afterwards moved 
 to Mascoutah, where he died. His father, Moses Land, was a 
 Revolutionary soldier, and pensioned ; and for a number of years 
 he made a trip to Kentucky once a year to draw his pension. He 
 always made this trip in a one-horse wagon. 
 
 William Padfield, jun., settled on section 9, in the north part of 
 the precinct where John B. Padfield now lives. In 1812 he came 
 from Kentucky with his father, who settled two miles south of 
 Summerfield. William Padfield resided on this place until his 
 death, which occurred August, 1849. He left a family of twelve 
 children to mourn his loss, seven sons and five daughters. Only 
 three of the children still survive, and they are residents of the 
 county. 
 
 Henry Hutton settled on the same section, just north of Pad- 
 fields, about 1810, and died on the old place. None of his de- 
 scendants now reside in the county. 
 
 There were no settlements made in the north-east part of 
 Mascoutah Precinct until after 1830. It is a fine rolling prairie, 
 and in the early times (so say the old settlers) could be seen deer, 
 fifty and seventy-five in a drove. 
 
 George Swaggard, a native of St. Clair county, was born at East 
 St. Louis in 1821. Has lived in this precinct since 1833, and fol- 
 lowed farming for the past twenty years. He has lived in the 
 village of Mascoutah. 
 
 Elisha Bagby came to Mascoutah precinct in 1831 with his 
 widowed mother, Nancy Bagby, who bought one hundred and 
 sixty acres of one Samuel Crane, situated three miles west of 
 Mascoutah. This tract of land is now owned by Henry Staub. 
 
 Among the first Germans that came to this precinct was John 
 Knobeloch now living on section 27, in the west part of the pre- 
 cinct. He came here in 1831, returned to Germany the same year, 
 and the year following came out with his father and father's family, 
 and settled on the above section. Balthasar Knobeloch, a brother 
 to John, lives in the same section. Thomas, another brother, who 
 came out in 1832, lives two miles west of the old homestead in 
 Belleville precinct. 
 
 Peter Fries, now keeping a hotel in Mascoutah, has lived in the 
 county since 1833, and was a great hunter in the early settlement 
 of this county, and now in the bar of his hotel can be seen nailed 
 to the wall, many deer heads that Peter, in his young days, laid 
 low. He is jovial and talkative, and loves to relate his experience 
 of the early times in this county, and of the exciting deer and wolf 
 chases. 
 
 John Barth, jun., came from Germany to this county in 1835. 
 He was accompanied by his wife and family of five children. He 
 settled two and a half miles south-west of the present town of Mas- 
 coutah. His son, John Barth, jun., now owns the old homestead. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 353 
 
 In 1837, Philip H. Eisenmayer came to Mechanicsburg, and in 
 1839 he returned to Germany, and in the same year returned with 
 his two brothers, Conrad and George C. Fritz Hilgard, Chris. 
 Heinberger Conradi, and the three Eisenmayer brothers were the 
 first Germans to settle in the village of Mascoutah. George C. 
 Eisenmayer; in 1839, bought sixty acres of land what now consti- 
 tutes his additions to Mascoutah, at six dollars per acre, and is now 
 the part of town that lies between the depot and the business part 
 of the place. The Eisenmayers have contributed their share to- 
 ward making Mascoutah what it is to-day, and are prominent in 
 the community. Philip H. is the present Mayor of the town. 
 
 MASCOUTAH. 
 
 The town was laid out by T. J. Krafft and John Flanagan 
 on the 6th of April, 1837, and under the name of Mechanicsburg. 
 It contained then two blocks of six lots each, and three blocks of 
 twelve lots each, and one -block not laid out in lots. It was called 
 then the mill lot. Samuel Dixon lived directly south of Postel's 
 mills, and built the first house or hut in the present limits of 
 Mascoutah. Dixon was a hunter. 
 
 After the town was laid out, Samuel Mitchell built the first house 
 a log cabin, and erected a saw mill here. F. Hilgard, T. J. Krafi't, 
 and Benjamin J. West laid out an addition to Mascoutah contain- 
 ing seventy-two lots March 29, 1839 ; here the name of Mascoutah 
 is made a matter of record, and is perhaps the date the name of the 
 town was changed. Other additions to the village are too numer- 
 ous to mention. West Mascoutah was laid out by H. F. Teichman, 
 36 lots January 28th, 1857. Dr. Brewington was first trader or 
 merchant at Mascoutah ; remained but a few months. Lewis Hauk, 
 a son of Hauk of the Belleville Zeitung, was the first child born in 
 Mascoutah. Hauk published a work on chancery and dedicated it 
 to Judge Sidney Breeze, at present a member of the bar at Cape 
 Girardeau, Missouri. 
 
 Dr. Smith, son-in-law of Major Brown, was the first practicing 
 physician in the precinct. First school-house and church was 
 erected at the site of the present town-hall, north of Postels mills. 
 Nathan Fike was the first postmaster : Brewington's store was pur- 
 chased by Fike & Crownover. E. Bagby took charge of said store 
 in 1842, and succeeded N. Fike as postmaster. Bagby was an ap- 
 pointee of President Harrison, and this accounts for the fact that 
 he remained in office but a few months. Hilgard, Couradi & Heini-i 
 berger bought the old Mitchell mill about the year 1835 ; they added 
 a flour bolt that was run by hand power and ground wheat on the 
 same stone they ground corn meal. They built a a^ond store 
 building corner of Main and Jefierson streets, some few years after- 
 wards. Conrad and Philip Eisenmayer purchased the mill property 
 in 1839. They soon afterwards took in as partner, Philip H. Postel, 
 and enlarged the mill to a great extent and became exporters of 
 flour ; this, mill stood about two hundred and fifty feet south-east of 
 where the Postel mills now stand. The old mill in about 1850 was 
 moved to Clinton county. The second mill erected near the old site 
 now known as the Postel mills was built by Andrew Eisenmayer 
 and Philip H Postel, in 1848 and 49 ; since then at different times 
 it has been added to and improved until now it is one of the largest 
 
 mills in this section of country, with a capacity of three hundred 
 45 
 
 and fifty barrels per day, now owned and run by Philip H. Postel. 
 There are two other large mills in Mascoutah with a capacity of 
 two hundred and two hundred and fifty barrels per day ; one run by 
 Sehlinger & Schubkegel, and the other by Kleekamp & Hussman. 
 August George has a small custom mill here, and Philip J. Postel 
 has a corn mill with a capacity of one hundred and fifty barrels 
 per day, he makes corn meal exclusively of an extra quality. The 
 shipments of flour from Mascoutah amount to fifty car loads per 
 week, a greater part of this flour is exported to Europe, different 
 parts of England, Germany and France. The growth of Mascou- 
 tah was slow until the German emigrants began to come in after 
 1840, from that time until 1860 its growth was steady ; the town is 
 substantially built, mostly of brick, the principal business being on 
 one long street ; it is the third town in size in the county, now hav- 
 ing a population of 2,576, with several first-class stores, a German 
 weekly paper, hotels, livery, with every convenience of a first-class 
 trading point, good schools, and six churches, some of which would 
 be a credit to a much larger place ; the denominations are as follows, 
 that have buildings : German Catholic, German Methodist, German 
 Lutheran, German Evangelical, Christian and Methodist. 
 
 The Masonic Douglas Lodge, No. 361, received its charter Octo- 
 ber 1st, 1861, and has a membership of fifty-five. 
 
 Humboldt Lodge, No. 286, The Independent order of Odd Fellows, 
 received their charter October 11th, 1860, membership seventy. 
 
 Mascoutah Encampment, No. 90, received their charter October 
 13th, 1868, membership thirty-six. 
 
 Knights of Honor, Mascoutah Lodge, No. 1927, received its 
 charter August 25th, 1880, and has a membership of forty-two. The 
 four lodges meet in one hall, a large, well arranged and well venti- 
 lated, and nicely furnished room, 45x50 feet. Mascoutah has one 
 railroad, the Louisville and Nashville, this road passes through 
 the center of the precinct, from east to west, and Mascoutah is situ- 
 ated in the exact center of the precinct, surrounded by a fine agri- 
 cultural country, and may be put down as one of the enterprising 
 towns of St. Clair county. 
 
 STRASSBUEG 
 
 Was laid out by Joseph Moll and others, March 19th, 1857, 
 and contains ten lots ; it is situated two and a half miles north 
 of Mascoutah, on sections eighteen and nineteen, on a small tribu- 
 tary of the Silver Creek ; its location was too near Mascoutah to ever 
 grow to much of a village without any railroad facilities. 
 
 Pensoneau is a flag station on the Louisville and Nashville 
 railroad, four miles south-east of Mascoutah. 
 
 High Bank was a paper town, laid ofi", by Edward Pensoneau, 
 June 3d, 1857, and embraces the south-west quarter of section 
 twenty-two, town one south, range six west ; it was beautifully situ- 
 ated on the north bank of the Kaskaskia river, and it is said by 
 some eastern capitalist to have looked well on paper, as Pensoneau 
 had a fine plat drawn oS" with steamboats plying on the river, and 
 the town shown up as one of much business and commercial impor- 
 tance'; with this plat and good talk it is said that NarcisseTensoneau 
 and George W. Pulliam, of this county, efiected the sale of many 
 lots in the east. The purchasers have never realized much on their 
 investment. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 !=33-®1-SeM- 
 
 Q, 
 
 r/ii/fk ^aot^ 
 
 Is a lineal descendant of a long line of derman farnicr.s, who i'or 
 several generations lived in the village of Hasshjcii, Kiiein Pl'altz 
 ■where he was born July 11, 1818, and which ground is distin- 
 guished as having been the scene of many battles waged lictween 
 the French and German people, dating as far back as 14G0. On 
 the old home place his father, Jacob Postel, killed a wolf in the 
 harvest field, with a grubbing hoe — a singular fact treasured 
 with other scraps of family recollections. His father, George 
 Postel, died June 10, 1836, so that much of the care of the family 
 devolved upon Philip H. In 1841 he determined on a visit to his 
 relatives, the Eisenmayers, who had several years before located in 
 Mascoutah, St. Clair county, 111 He landed in New York in 
 the latter part of June of that year, and made his way to Philadel- 
 phia, thence to Pittsburg, by canal and railroad, which place he 
 reached in July. Whilst on the way, a dam in the canal broke, and 
 
 tlius a holiday was given the passengers. Mr. Postel availed himself 
 of an opportunity oHLired of cutting clover, which he did on the 4th 
 of duly, receiving as pay the sum of twenty-five cents. From 
 I'ittsburg he went to St. Louis, by boat, theuce to the home of his 
 relatives. For a time he gave himself up to the enjoyment of 
 friendship, and on November 20, 1841, in connection with the 
 ]']iseumayers, he bought a saw-mill on Richland creek, two and a 
 half miles north-east of Red Bud. At the time the Eisenmayers 
 were owners of a saw- mill in Mascoutah. In the division of labor 
 which followed Mr. Postel was to take charge of the new acquisi- 
 tion, whilst the three parties, Conrad and Philip Eiseumayer and 
 himself, were to jointly own both mills This mill was patronized 
 by people from a distance of seventy-five miles. This arrangement 
 was soon changed by Conrad Eisenmayer taking full ownership of 
 the Richland creek property, whilst Philip Eisenmayer and Postel 
 
ViewoftheMASCOUTAH STAR FLOURING MILLS ano oTi^TTK^ 
 
MASCOUTAH STAR MILLS CAPACI TV 350 BAH RELS DAI LY 
 
 oP^mr BELONaiNCr TO PHI UP H POST EL, Mascout/\h, Illinois, 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 355 
 
 took hold of the Magcoutah mills, with Postel in charge of the 
 corn-mill. He has ever since been engaged in the milling busi- 
 ness, sometimes alone, at others, with different parties. From 1846 
 to 1850 he was in partnership with Philip and Andrew Eisenmayer, 
 as equal partners, under the firm name of Postel & Eisenmayer- 
 The corn-cracker was unequal to the demand made by an increasing 
 population ; so in 1850 this firm concluded to erect a more com- 
 modious and better mill, and at once set about the enterprise by 
 opening a brick -yard- on the site of the present home of Mr. Postel. 
 The mill was built during this and the following year. A year 
 after, the firm dissolved partnership, Philip Eisenmayer retiring 
 from the same. In 1856 the owners sold out to Fike, Land & Co., 
 because of the illness of Conrad Eisenmayer. Mr. Postel had ac- 
 quired a great taste for the business of milling, besides having been 
 in its pursuit quite successful ; hence in 1857 he built another mill 
 in the western part of the town, which was at the time of its com- 
 pletion justly styled the " Pride of Southern Illinois." Unluckily 
 for him, it was destroyed by fire, consequent upon an explosion of 
 the middlings, August 21, 1862 In October following he formed a 
 co-partnership with Mr. Tiedemann atO'Fallon, in the ownership of 
 the O Fallon mills, under the firm name of Tiedemann & Co., and 
 which arrangement existed to the entire satisfaction of all con- 
 cerned for a period of thirteen years. In 1867 Mr. Postel bought 
 the Mascoutah Star mills in connection with his brother-in-law, 
 Jacob Eisenmayer, who died August 19, 1873, thus leaving the 
 property to him. Since then he has, by aid of his sons, managed 
 these mammoth mills successfully. Thus, step by step, from humble 
 beginnings he has gained a firm financial footing and amassed a 
 reasonable share of property. Much of his success in life, after his 
 parents, he attributes to the salutary influence of a teacher, Jacob 
 Reither, whose school he attended in early youth. Reither was 
 quite distinguished in. his profession, and by the force of a strong 
 moral character, left his impress for good on many who attended 
 his instruction. His memory is revered by many who owe him 
 much for the measure of success which has attended them through 
 life. Mr. Postel's marriage to Miss Mary Eisenmayer, which took 
 place September 4, 1842, was not without its attendant romance. 
 He and his intended bride rode horseback from Mascoutah to the Rich- 
 land Creek mills, where the bride's brother lived, a distance of thirty 
 miles, to be united in the bonds of wedlock. In preparing himself 
 for the wedding, he took temporary possession of a black broad- 
 cloth cap of George Grasser's and a pair of boots of Andrew Eisen- 
 mayer's. His intended bride wore a fifty cent hickory bonnet, the 
 nicest he had ever seen. Thus attired, they crossed the inter- 
 vening valleys and prairies to her brother's, where the wedding 
 ceremony was performed by the Rev. Mr. Done. On their 
 return, Mrs. Postel fell from her horse, greatly alarming her ; but 
 fortunately she was not injured. Thus, their journey through life 
 together was commenced in a primitive way. In 1848, Mr. Postel, 
 attended by his wife, returned on a visit to Germany. They left 
 home February 4, 1848, attended by a brother-in-law, Lorenz 
 Leibroch, by wagon from St. Louis, thence by river to New Or- 
 leans, thence by a cotton ship, leaving New Orleans on St. Patrick's 
 day, for Germany. They reached their home, on the 14th of May, 
 
 quite unexpectedly to their parents, who hailed them gladly. Mrs. 
 Postel was looked upon as the first woman to re-cross the ocean from 
 among all those who had come to this country from the Rhein Pfaltz. 
 They returned here the same year, coming up the Mississippi by 
 the last boat to make the trip before the close of navigation for the 
 winter, December 16th. Fortunately, too, they left New Orleans, 
 just in time to escape the cholera which visited its ravages upon 
 that city. The year following Mascoutah was visited by the terrible 
 scourge of cholera, and amidst it all Mr. Postel kept on at his 
 work, only leaving it to attend to the wants of the dead and dying. 
 Of his relatives six succumbed to the fell destroyer, and were borne 
 to their last resting-place. He was taken down himself at last ; 
 but, thanks to a strong constitution, and, he thinks, to an exchange 
 of remedial agents largely employed at the time, he survived. 
 These were trying times in the vicinity of Mascoutah. There 
 were six funerals the first day of the scourge. The next year emi- 
 gration set in afresh, new industries were opened and a brighter 
 future opened her generous doors. Mr. Postel took out his na- 
 turalization papers in Belleville in 1846, when Theodore Engelmann 
 was clerk. He says he enjoyed the blessing of an American pass- 
 port to the fullest extent upon the occasion of his European visit 
 during which time the revolution was threatening trouble in Ger- 
 many. As he passed certain police ofiicers, he simply showed them 
 a note-book in which were American entries, and on the last page 
 of which was the signature of an American consul. His thought 
 was " How good it is to be an American citizen." Politically, Mr. 
 Postel is an ardent and representative republican ; he has affiliated 
 with the party constantly since its organization, with Gen. John C. 
 Fremont as its standard-bearer, in 1856. In 1880 he was elected 
 by a handsome vote as a representative in the 32d General As- 
 sembly, from the 49th or St. Clair county District. As a repre- 
 sentative he has proved himself worthy the votes given him, and 
 thoroughly competent to discharge the duties devolving upon the 
 position. He is an active and faithful member of the German 
 Methodist church. The credit of erecting the first altar in the 
 state of Illinois for that faith belongs to the Eisenmayer family 
 with himself A kind and indulgent father, a man of generous im- 
 pulses, he has the respect of all. Of his family seven children are 
 living — Elizabeth, Mary, Philip H., Jr., George, Anna, Louisa and 
 Julius. Philip H., the first, as he is called for distinction, and 
 Andrew, are numbered among the dead. Andrew died of small- 
 pox at the age of three years. 
 
 Having now passed the age of sixty-three, he has no desire for 
 public emoluments, and although surrounded by many of the luxu- 
 ries of life, he looks back on the years that were full of struggles 
 and hardships as the happiest in his life. The same cheerfulness of 
 disposition, which he possesses in an eminent degree, has always 
 sustained him, and he says he felt quite as contented when riding a 
 mule up the streets of Mascoutah, years ago, which had just been 
 attached by a creditor, (a wealthy citizen of Belleville) as he does 
 now when driving a fine carriage. A man of great integrity of 
 character, of marked executive ability, of generous impulses, Mr. 
 Postel has concributed much to the upbuilding of Mascoutah. 
 
356 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 About a mile east of Mascoutah, in the enjoymeut of a most 
 elegant country home, lives one whose life's labors have been 
 crowned with a success deserving more than a mere mention. One 
 who illustrates, in an eminent degree, what can be accomplished 
 by perseverance and an aim in life. James H. Richardson was 
 born in Staffordshire, in sunny England, on the 25th of June, 1825. 
 When about one year old, he was brought by a widowed mother 
 to America, who located in the city of Philadelphia, where she 
 married and remainsd until James was about six years of age, 
 when she removed to Westchester, a village in Cliester county, I'a. 
 Here it was that he gained a rudimentary education in a private 
 school, such as abounded in those days. His stepfather, a teaclicr 
 and surveyor by profession, after locating here liecame a merchant 
 in china and glassware. At the age of twelve bo engaged his ser- 
 vices to a farmer relative, who lived near the vilhigc This opciied 
 to his young mind a new field of usefulness, and determined liim 
 to become an agriculturist. He labored faitlifuliy, attended school 
 during the winter, and spent his .summers in the usual labor of a 
 farmer boy. He did not see that it would be possible to ever own a 
 farm if its purchase depended ujion such labor, hence he determined 
 on learning a trade, and apprenticed himself at eighteen years of 
 age to a carriage maker at Marshalltou, some four miles distant, 
 where he remained four years. v\.fter which he obtained em- 
 ployment in the machine shops of Pennock Brothers, Kennett 
 Square, where he aided in the construction of the first grain- 
 drill ever made in America. From here he went to Bridesburg, to 
 work in the machine shops, devoted chiefly to the manufacture of 
 cotton and woolen mill machinery. Was attracted thither by an 
 
 increase of wages offered. The work too required greater skill 
 than that in ordinary machine shops, and to it Mr. Richardson 
 proved himself fully equal. He remained here one year, and re- 
 turned again to his former place in the shops at Kennett square, at 
 the earnest solicitation of the proprietors. Having laid by some 
 money, and thinking to secure a farm, he made his way west in 
 18-18, wliere he purchased a beautiful tract of land about three 
 miles east of Mascoutah, which he yet owns. Nature has done 
 much for the place, and in its selection Mr. Richardson's love of 
 the beautiful is strikingly displayed. In 1849 golden visions came 
 from tlie Pacilic slope, the begira had set in, and Mr. Richardson, 
 in company with a party of about eighty persons, started on the 
 overland route to the fields of gold. The trip was replete with 
 interesting incidents. After keeping together for some time, twenty 
 of tlic number, more pushing than the rest, Richardson among 
 tliem,) left the larger party behind, and reached California a full 
 month in advance of their more plodding friends. They called 
 tlieir little company " Ben," and the subject of this sketch was 
 Captain of "the Bens;" in this capacity it was his place to ride 
 ahead and make selection of suitable camping grounds. Once, 
 when thus in advance of his companions, he came to Scott's bluffs, 
 great massive walls of rock, with a passage between, so narrow as 
 to prevent a horse, once started through, from turning around to 
 retrace his steps. Prompted by curiosity he determined to see 
 what was beyond, and rode through to an opening be could see 
 ahead of him. Here he found an encapment of .Pawnee Indians. 
 Some of their number, who were guarding their horses, scowled 
 ujiun him. With great presence of mind he boldly rode by them 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 35/ 
 
 to the tent of the chief, bade him " good cheer," but the chief 
 deigaed no reply to the salutation. He dismounted, and passed 
 into the tent where the chief's daughter was engaged upon some 
 bead-work She at once took an interest in him, and motioned to 
 him to follow, while she showed him trinkets of various kinds. On 
 the fire was a kettle, in which a dog was being prepared for dinner. 
 Richardson thought that should the chief conclude to treat him as 
 a friend he would ask him to dinner, and the prospect of having 
 to eat dog was n9 ways pleasing. The invitation was extended, 
 and Richardson bethought himself of some crackers he had with 
 him, which he shared with the daughter, and motioned his com- 
 pany was waiting for him, and left, greatly relieved. The long, 
 tedious trip ended, the party reached the El Dorado, and com- 
 menced mining operations. Here his skill as a mechanic was 
 illustrated in the mines by his making the first cradle for the wash- 
 ing of gold ever invented. This expedited the business of gold- 
 washing, enabling one man to do the work of ten as done by the 
 process then in vogue in the mines. The subject of this sketch 
 did well, but after getting cleverly started he concluded to return 
 to Illinois on a visic, fully determined that it should be only a visit. 
 At San Francisco, the company with which he started found pas- 
 sage by steamer risky, owing to the prevalence of cholera on board, 
 hence they took passage on a sail vessel, the " Powhatan." The 
 vessel was without sufficient ballast, and when a few days out was 
 at the mercy of trade winds, which drove her to sea a distance of a 
 thousand miles. Provisions grew scatce. The daily allowance 
 was made a biscuit and a pint of water. These failed, and the 
 passengers, in their extremity, determined on casting lots the fol. 
 lowing day as to which should become a sacrifice to satisfy the 
 hunger of the others, but before the plan was carried into execu- 
 tion land was espied. Once landed, they constructed rude carts, 
 on which to transport their eflfects across Central America, which 
 they accomplished after four weeks of suffering, reaching Gray- 
 town, where they took ship for Panama, thence across the gulf to 
 New Orleans. He reached St. Clair county in mid-winter, 1850. 
 Not wanting a repetition of his late experience, he engaged his 
 services to Jacob Rentchler, who was making drills, having bought 
 the right for the State of Illinois for the manufacture of the " Pen- 
 nock drill." On the 14th of February, 1851, he was married to 
 Miss Maria Rentchler, daughter of hid employer Jacob and wife, 
 Elizabeth Rentchler. By this union there have been eleven 
 children, seven of whom are living. In the spring after marriage 
 he moved to the farm, where he yet resides, and commenced those 
 improvements which have made it one of the best in St. Clair 
 county. His family are interesting and accomplished. All the 
 advantages of school, music, etc., have been bestowed upon them. 
 In politics Mr. Richardson has always been an uncompromising 
 democrat.. He makes no profession of religion, but in his daily 
 walk strives to live up to the golden rule of doing unto others as 
 he would be done by. His home, a view of which is elsewhere 
 given, is one of the most elegant in the county, and is a full realiza- 
 tion of his fond dreams of boyhood days, when he determined on 
 the life of an agriculturist. He is fond of agricultural literature, 
 and avails himself of every means for enhancing farming interests. 
 A kind and indulgent father, a loving husband, his home is one 
 filled with evidences of happiness. 
 
 CHARLES KARCH. 
 
 Living about five miles south of Mascoutah, in the centre of an 
 elegant and highly improved farm of two hundred acres, is Charles 
 Karch. He was born about two miles west of Mascoutah, June 2d, 
 
 1843. His parents, Ernst and Catharine Karch nee Catharine 
 Seip, came to America from Germany in 1833, among the early 
 emigrants who have done so much in behalf of the development of 
 St. Clair county's resources. They located on Dutch Hill ; thence 
 to what is now Shiloh precinct, where Charles was born ; thence 
 to the place where he now lives in 1850. His education was ac- 
 quired chiefly in private schools, having attended the public schools 
 in his neighborhood but six months. He was united in the bonds 
 of matrimony to Mary Heberer, October 17th, 1867, by Squire 
 Lischer. By this union there have been three children. H. Gus- 
 tavo, born Sept. 24th, 1868 ; Mary Laura C, born Aug. 6th, 1871 ; 
 and Charles Adam, born March 17th, 1875. Mr. Karch has always 
 followed his avocation of farming, in which he has met with de- 
 served success. His fellow-citizens have repeatedly made him 
 school director, a just recognition of his services in behalf of the 
 cause of popular education. He has also been elected township 
 treasurer, a position he now holds. Politically, he has always been 
 an ardent, uncompromising republican, having cast his first 
 presidential ballot for the martyred Lincoln, and his last for 
 Gen. James A. Garfield. Whatever Mr. Karch takes hold of, he 
 prosecutes with all his might. This earnestness and perseverance 
 compels success. A model farmer, he is surrounding himself with 
 all the comforts of rural life. A live, wide awake citizen, he is 
 respected of all, and deserving of all the honors they may confer 
 upon him. 
 
 J. J. RAYHILL. 
 
 In 1818 George Rayhill and wife Sarah, Virginians, the one a 
 native of Botetourt and theother of Hampshire county, Va., located 
 about two and a half miles of east Mascoutah, on an eminence over- 
 looking an extensive and beautiful prairie. Here it was that J. J. 
 Rayhill, who yet lives within a mile of the old homestead, was born 
 March 4, 1824. He had witnessed the tranformation of a wild prai- 
 rie into cultivated farming lands ; the influx of people, until neigh- 
 bors,once at great distances, are on every hand. The departure 
 of the Indians, the disappearance of deer and other game are things 
 within his recollection. His earlier education was limited, as was 
 the opportunity for acquiring an education. William B. Davis 
 was his first teacher. In 1850 his farm life was broken up by his 
 determination to try that of a miner in California. He left home 
 in company with about thirty others, April 9, 1850, and by ox 
 teams they made their way across the plains and Rocky Mountains 
 to the land of gold, consuming six months in making the trip; 
 here he remained for nearly four years. He returned home, by the 
 Nicaragua route taking passage on the steamer Pacific at San 
 Francisco and the Northern Light, after crossing the isthmus for 
 New York, thence to the old homestead, when he purchased, partly 
 with his earnings while absent, the farm which is now his home. 
 He was married to Adeline Pitts, May 7th, 1856, by Rev. Wm. W. 
 Mitchell. By this union there have been four childen born, as fol- 
 lows : Charles Edward, April 18, 1857 ; Virginia M , Jan. 5, 1859 ; 
 George, Aug., 9, 1861 ; Sarah Adeline, Nov. 21st, 1864, Of these 
 two are living and two are dead. George, a young man of much 
 promise was accidentally killed by the discharge of his gun while 
 crossing a fence when out huuting„March 19, 1880 ; Sarah A. died 
 Nov. 6, 1866. Mrs. Rayhill died Nov. 29, 1865. 
 
 Mr. Rayhill is a thrifty, industrious farmer, who has, by econo- 
 mical habit and energy, amassed considerable property. Politically 
 he is a republican. Although active in politics he uniformly re- 
 fuses to hold office, and beyond having been trustee for his home 
 school district, has held none. He has so arranged his affairs that 
 be can now spend the evening of his life in ease and comfort. 
 
358 
 
 HISTORY OF SI. CLAIR COVNIY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 '^dy/id 
 
 Amonc the represcutative men of Mafccoiitali is I'^redcrirk Dil.i,', 
 who was tie fourth of a f;inii]y of oiglit chililiTii, liorn to Joliii 
 Nicolaus Dilg and wife, whose maiden name was ]\alhariiie Ilaiicn- 
 stein. His parents lived in J5olauden, Oerniany, where liis mother 
 was born, June 24, 180G. In 1845 they moved to America, reach- 
 ing St. Louis the same year. His father selected a farm a mile and 
 a half south of Mascoutah, on which lie lived nnlil \^W1, when ho 
 moved to Mascoutah. Here Frederick ]Jilg attended school until 
 1857, when he went to clerk in a drug-store iu Belleville, where he 
 remained until 1859. In January, 18G0, he entered the office of 
 the " News Letter," a paper established in Mascoutah, which in 
 1861 was consolidated with the "Belleville Advocate." Here he 
 remained until the breaking out of the war, whereupon he enlisted 
 with the three months' men, as a private in company D,9th Illinois 
 regiment. Before the expiration of his term of service he re- 
 enlisted in June at Cairo tor three years or during the war. Was 
 made corporal, soon after 4th sergeant. He vertcranized at Deca- 
 tur, Alabama, in INIarch, 18G4. In front of Atlanta he was pro- 
 
 moted for bravery to the 1st lieutenancy of his company. In 1865 
 he marched through South Carolina towards Richmond in command 
 ol' the company, the captain having been killed in February of that 
 year. Was commissioned captain the same year. Upon the close 
 of the war, the high esteem of his company for him was mani- 
 fested in the presentation of an elegant sword at Louisville, Ky. 
 Cn the IGth of June, 1868, he was married to Miss Sophia Hauser. 
 By this marriage there have been five children born, four of whom 
 are living. They are Eugene H. Dilg, born July 10th, 1871 ; 
 Lillio L.,l\rarch 19th, 1873; Alfred, December 8th, 1877, died 
 July 23d, 1878 ; Theodore, born January 16th, 1879, and Irwin 
 F., March 24th, 1880. Captain Dilg was appointed postmaster at 
 Mascoutah, April 10th, 18G9, which position he has held continu- 
 ously since. At the time of this appointment he was a dealer in 
 books and stationery, to which business he added a job printing 
 office in 1870. In 1875 he commenced the publication of the " An- 
 zeigcr," which he still continues. His father was born in Gellen- 
 heini, Cermany, October 8th, 1807, and now resides in New York. 
 
-.fr -,.-■■■ ■,-,v--,v;!."'rt>".a: 
 
 ■****&■%* ^■*^^>'^^ 
 
 The German M.E. Church Mascoutah Illinois. 
 
 "S^ef'i-'"''- 
 
 vrew LOOHiNS north from the road. 
 
 GffANERY OPPOSfTE «£S/D£7VE£;''*W* 
 
 I 
 
 Farm Residence or JOSEPH GRIFFEN. Esq, Sec. 23J:iR7. W(Masdoutah Precinct st.Clair CoJll 
 
mSTOBY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 359 
 
 JOSEPH GRIFFEN. 
 
 Among the residents of Shiloh valley is Joseph Griffin, a 
 view of whose farm and residence appears on another page. He is 
 a native of the county, and was born in township one north, range 
 seven west, within a short distance of where he now resides, on the 
 17th of February, 1832. His father was Joseph Griffen, and his 
 mother's name before marriage was Mary Foulks. A biographical 
 sketch of his father, Joseph Griffen, may be found elsewhere. His 
 father settled in that part of the county in 1828, was an industrious 
 man and a good citizen, filled for a time the office of Justice of the 
 Peace, and died in October, 1873. The subject of the sketch was 
 raised in the same locality where he was born. When he was five 
 years old he went to New York to live with his uncle, Isaac Grif- 
 fen, who resided at Greeneville, in Greene county, of that state. 
 The principal reason of his going to New York was the state of his 
 health, which in his boyhood was very delicate. It was hoped the 
 change of air and climate would strengthen his constitution. Re- 
 turning to St. Clair county at the age of nine. He attended the 
 common- schools, in which he secured the elementary part of his 
 education, and when nineteen years old entered McKeudree Col- 
 lege, at Lebanon, in which institution he was a student about a 
 year. 
 
 After leaving college he had his home with his father, and was 
 employed on the farm until his marriage, which took place on the 
 3d of August, 1860, to Margaret M. Shaw, who was born at Castle- 
 ton, Vermont, and was a resident of Lebanon at the time of her 
 marriage. After his marriage he engaged in farming for himself 
 on section twenty-three of township one north, range seven west. 
 The death of his first wife took place on the 5th of August, 1861, 
 one year and two days after their marriage. She left one child, 
 ^ Margaret Rebecca, which died at the age of five weeks. His 
 second marriage took place on the 27th of February, 1866, to Belle 
 Murdaugh, who was born in St. Clair county, in the neighborhood 
 of Ogle's station, five miles west of Belleville. Since 1860 Mr. 
 Griffin has been living on his present farm, engaged in the honor- 
 able pursuit of agriculture. He has six children by his second 
 marria,ge. Their names in the order of their ages are Mary Alice, 
 Clara Addie, Henry Boon, Madgie Belle, Walter Joseph, and 
 Charles Hamilton. 
 
 In his political sympathies he was in early life, like his father, a 
 member of the Whig party, but the agitation of the slavery ques- 
 tion made him a Republican, to which organization he has belonged 
 from a time previous to the war of the rebellion. He has taken no ac- 
 tive part in politics, nor has he ever been a candidate for any public 
 office, being content to live the life of a quiet and peaceful private 
 citizen. As a representative of the old American population of 
 the Shiloh valley, one of the fairest portions of St. Clair county, 
 which has now well-nigh been crowded out by the incoming of later 
 settlers, his name deserves a place in this book. 
 
 JOHN BARTH. 
 
 In the year 1834 there came to this country, from Nassau, Ger- 
 many, John Barth, Sr., the father of the subject of this sketch. He 
 had fought under the elder Napoleon for eleven years, stood before 
 Moscow when that city was in flames, gathered from the ruins all 
 the molten gold, he could carry, but reached his home with none of 
 the spoils. ■ In reaching it he encountered great difficulty, his horse 
 having to swim the Lome in advance of pursuing Cossacks. He 
 was a man of remarkable strength, and great determination. After 
 coming to this country he was noted as being a useful member qf 
 
 society, aiding and encouraging public improvements. To him be- 
 longs the credit of the first donation of land for a church and 
 school in Mascoutah. A man of fine character, his death, which 
 occurred May 8th, 1877, was regretted by all. John Barth the 
 second, as he is called by way of distinction, received a common 
 school education. He was married to Catharine Koob June 7th 
 1849, by whom he had thirteen children, nine of whom are living 
 She died Dec. 13th, 1874. He was afterwards married to Catha- 
 rine Lines, June 23d, 1875. Her maiden name was M. K. Beither. 
 Mr. Barth has been eminently successful in his vocation of farming, 
 and has by his energy added farm to farm until now he has twelve 
 farms, all within a radius of twelve miles, and readily accessible 
 from his home place. He is a member of the Evangelical church, 
 also of the order of Odd Fellows, holding his membership with 
 Humboldt Lodge, No. 282, and of the Encampment. Politically 
 he is a democrat. Office he does not desire, preferring the quiet 
 enjoyment of farm life. He takes rank as one of the leading agri- 
 culturists of St. Clair county. 
 
 PETER SEIBERT 
 Was born April 24th,. 1844, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse Darm- 
 stadt, Germany. His parents, Balthaser and Catharine Seibert, 
 came to America in 1852, and made their way directly to St. Clair 
 county, where in 1853, they bought land three miles east of Belle- 
 ville. Peter, who was then but eight years old, remembers distinct- 
 ly a battle during the revolution in Germany, occuring four or five 
 years before. He was sent to the common school in the home di- 
 strict, and afterwards to Belleville, whtre he acquired sufficient 
 education to successfully prosecute his chosen business that of farm- 
 ing. He" was married to Catharine Eidmann, Sept. 6th, 1868, 
 by whom he had five children. Five years ago he bought the 
 farm about four miles south of Mascoutah, where he now lives, and 
 which he has brought to a high state of cultivation. Politically he 
 is an ardent republican. It is his boast that every president, for 
 whom he has cast a ballot, has been elected. His first presidential 
 ballot was cast for General Grant. Although active in political 
 affairs, he prefers a quiet life to office. He has been (and now is) 
 a school director for the past four years. In agriculture he takes 
 great pride, and has done much for the promotion of agricultural 
 industries, especially in the way of improved horses for all purposes. 
 In all home afiairs he takes great interest, and is always to the 
 front in all matters calculated to benefit the public. Energetic 
 and pushing, he is meeting a full share of success. Mr. Seibert is 
 yet in the prime of life, he has made his influence felt for good in 
 his neighborhood, and with his practical views of life and determi- 
 nation, he is destined yet to accomplish greater results. 
 
 ANTON SEHLINGER. 
 
 Among the leading industries of Mascoutah are the Emerald Isle 
 Mills, elsewhere shown in this work, and of which the subject of 
 this sketch and Philip Schubkegel are proprietors. Anton Sehlinger 
 was born in Baden, Germany, Feb. 13th, 1837. He was brought to 
 America by an uncle, Joseph Schlndler, in 1852, with whom he 
 lived on a farm for nearly thirteen years. The farm was located 
 about three miles east of Belleville. In 1863 his uncle, in com- 
 pany with Clement Schindler, built the Emerald Isle Mills, and 
 in 1864 he was made manager and clerk. This occupation suited 
 his tastes better than farming, and in 1866 he became a partner. 
 He was married to Louisa Faust, Jan, 23d, 1866. By this union 
 there have been sevfsn children, fiye of whom are living, namely; 
 
360 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 Anton Joseph, born Oct. 23d, 1866 ; Mary Clara, born July 12th, 
 1873 ; Lena Sophia, born May 15, 1875 ; Anna Louisa, born May 
 12th, 1877 ; and George Nicholas, born May 12th, 1880. Two are 
 dead: Louisa Eva, born Aug. 11, 1868, died Jan. 25, 1875; and 
 William Charles, born March 2d, 1870, and accidentally killed by 
 being run over by a wagon, July 6th, 1872. 
 
 Mr. Sehlinger is a highly-respected citizen, a successful business 
 man, ever ready to encourage any enterprize calculated to add to 
 the prosperity of his adopted village. In politics he is an unwaver- 
 ing republican. Although politically active, he works for the 
 general, not for his personal, advancement. He has served his 
 fellow-citizens as member of the town board acceptably. In reli- 
 gion he is a Catholic, and in its advocacy he is zealous and earnest. 
 A description of the mills, of which he and Mr, Schubkegel are pro- 
 prietors, together with view, may be found elsewhere in this work. 
 
 A third interest, held by heirs of Joseph Schindler, the former 
 proprietor, was sold on the 11th of June, 1881, under orders of the 
 court, himself and partner being the purchasers, on a basis of $36,- 
 000 for the mill. 
 
 FRANCIS PERRIN. 
 
 All countries of the civilized globe have made their contribu- 
 tions to free America, and representatives from many of them are 
 found in St. Clair county. The first to seek and find homes 
 were of French extraction, and at intervals ever since the location 
 of Cahokia, representatives of this nationality have followed. In 
 the year 1833 George and Susan Perrin, from Lorraine, France, 
 crossed the sea, bringing with them their six children, landing at 
 New Orleans, after a voyage of sixty-three days, thence up the Mis- 
 sissippi river to St. Louis, which point they reached March 20, 
 1833. Soon after they located in Dutch Hollow, about four miles 
 north-west of Belleville, where Francis hired out to Elijah 
 Badgley, to work in a brick-yard, which he did for three months, at 
 three dollars per month. The following summer, 1834, he 
 again engaged in the same service, this time serving only two 
 months, at five dollars per month. He then apprenticed himself to 
 Anthony Marslofi", a cooper, with whom he remained eighteen 
 months, receiving at the end of that time eighty dollars. This 
 eighty dollars was the foundation for what has become a handsome 
 fortune. With it he rented land of the Badgleys, and, in connec- 
 tion with his brother, Nicholas Perrin, senior, farmed it. At the 
 same time, his love for trading found play in the purchase, sale, and 
 exchange of stock. This arrangement with his brother was contin- 
 ued for fourteen years, during which time they passed from the 
 position of tenants to that of land-holders. He was married to Mrs. 
 Catharine Pfeiffer, a widow lady, who came to this country in 1831. 
 The ceremony took place on the 25th day of November, 1844. By 
 this union there has been six children, four of whom are now liv- 
 ing — Nicholas, Terisa, Rosalie, and Franklin. Of these Franklin 
 is a young and promising member of the Belleville bar. Francis 
 Perrin moved from Dutch Hollow to Ridge Prairie; thence 
 in 1853 to Looking Glass Prairie, where he now lives. Here he 
 has a farm of seven hundred and fifty acres of most excellent and 
 well-improved land. Mr. Perrin is an excellent example of what 
 may be accomplished by perseverance and the exercise of tact. 
 Born in France, May 19, 1820; brought to this country when yet 
 but a lad ; working for wages ; — he has gradually, step by step, ac- 
 quired a competency in life. He takes great pride in his family, 
 and in their education. Sent Franklin to McKendree college, Le- 
 banon, and afterwards to Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., to 
 
 fit him for his profession. Politically he is a straight-out republi- 
 can, always ardent in his support of friends who may chance to be 
 candidates. He has been kept in office as school trustee for the last 
 fourteen years. He was raised a Catholic, and adheres to the faith. 
 He says his patriotism is inherited. His father was a soldier under 
 Napoleon, because he loved his country. He believes in teaching 
 his children the principles of patriotism as well as mathematics or 
 the sciences. He is locally noted for quaint sayings, often advisory 
 in character, which have struck home with many a hearer. His 
 father died, full of years, after having seen his sons raised from 
 hardest struggles to gain a livelihood to independent positions. 
 His death occurred in the month of March, 1876 ; his mother had 
 preceded the father to the grave nearly two years, having died July 
 28, 1874. Mr. Perrin has the respect of all his associates and 
 neighbors. He loves to talk of the rough times when men like him- 
 self were engaged in hewing out fortunes for themselves. 
 
 DR. BOYD CORNICK. 
 
 Among the professional men of Mascoutah whose names are de 
 serving a place on the pages of formative history is that of Dr. 
 Boyd Cornick, who came here but little more than two 
 years ago, and is rapidly acquiring an extensive practice in his 
 chosen profession, that of Medicine and Surgery. He was born in 
 Lincoln county, Missouri, June 1, 1856. His father, Tully R. 
 Cornick, an attorney-at-law, is living, in the enjoyment of a large 
 practice, in Knoxville, Tennessee, at which place the subject of this 
 sketch was principally, educated, having received his academical and 
 collegiate instruction in the University of Tennessee. After leaving 
 college he was a year and a-half in the office of the State Superin- 
 tendent of Public Schools of that state as assistant. Provision had 
 been made for such office by Mr. Sears, agent of the Peabody fund, 
 upon request of the State Teachers' Association. Of his services in 
 this capacity State Superintendent Fleming said, in annual report 
 of 1875 : " It gives me great pleasure to bear testimony to the in- 
 telligent, prompt and laborious attention paid the duties of the 
 office by my assistant, Mr. Cornick." Although successful in this 
 field of labor, his tastes led him to prepare himself for a new sphere 
 of usefulness, that of a practitioner of medicine. The resolution 
 formed, he entered the office of a brother-in-law. Dr. Hutt, of Troy, 
 Mo., thence went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he attended the 
 Hospital Medical College, and graduated with honor in 1877. He 
 was awarded the medal for best general standing in his class by the 
 Curators of the Central University of which the Hospital Medical 
 College is a branch. Of this distinction he is justly proud. The 
 medal, a unique gold one, bears on its face the inscription : " To 
 Boyd Cornick, for best standing, class 1876-7." On the reverse : 
 "From the Curators, Central University." Immediately after 
 graduation he was, upon competitive examination, in which thirteen 
 contestants appeared, appointed one of the city hospital physicians 
 for one year. At the expiration of this time he was appointed 
 a delegate by the State Medical Society of Kentucky to the Inter- 
 national Congress of Hygiene at Paris, which he attended in August, 
 1878. Still eager in the pursuit of medical knowledge he visited 
 the hospitals of London and Paris, where he could witness exhibi- 
 tions of European medical skill, by which to profit. Returning to 
 America he first located in St. Louis, Mo., whence he came to Mas- 
 coutah, May 1, 1879. An ardent lover for his calling, coupled with 
 great pains-taking and skill in its practice, is rapidly gaining for 
 him patrons and friends. 
 

 
 
 LooKiNa QlassVineyard" Residence or THEODORE ENQELMANN,Sec.20,T I S. R.SW. 
 
 Mascqutah Precinct St Cla/r Co /ll. 
 
 SJST 
 
 ;L ! J,-i' ' w\ i' V ' ' t'^j^TJ^ ^ ' ^^ 
 
 /?rs/orA/C£ OF PHILIP H. El SEN MAYER , Masgoutah. Illinois 
 
^ 
 
 .■*■;■ x¥??>4i:.^^-'V»fe„-t%. „.#,^. 
 
 Residence OF Dfi F.X.FISCHER, Darmstadt, St Clair Co Illinois 
 
 
 "EMERALDlsLEMiLLs"wEPnoPER7Y or A.SEHLI NGER dz Pf SCHUBKEGEL^MascoutahJll. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 361 
 
 PHILIP SCHUBKEGEL, 
 Of the firm, Sehlinger and Schubkegel, proprietors Emerald Isle 
 Mills, was born in Darmstadt, Germany, August 7th, 1829. His 
 parents emigrated to America, landing in Boston in the winter of 
 1836 ; proceeding to St. Clair county in 1837, where they followed 
 the vocation of farming. Philip Schubkegel continued farming until 
 the year 1852, when attracted by the stories of golden wealth from 
 California, he made his way thither, where he remained four years. 
 His labors were crowned with success, and with ample means to 
 purchase an elegant farm, he returned to this county, and resumed 
 farming operations. In 1864 he opened a livery stable in Mascou- 
 tah, and run a hack between here and Belleville, which business he 
 prosecute^ two years, when he purchased the farm which is yet his 
 home. In 1867 he bought an interest in the Emerald Isle Mills, 
 which he still retains. He was married to Elizabeth Liebig, April 
 15, 1858, by whom he has four children living, Mary, born Aug. 
 
 10th, 1859; Henry, born Aug. 2, 1862; Eliza, born May 13th, 
 1866; John Philip, born Juae 11th, 1876, and George, 
 born October 1st, 1863, died March, 1865. Mr. Schubkegel has 
 been successful in life, which is due to his great energy and business 
 tact. Farming proving too slow for his restless spirit, he followed 
 mining, then other pursuits, until now he fills the place for which 
 nature seems to have fitted him, that of miller. He has been hon- 
 ored by being repeatedly elected a member of the school board, also 
 of^the board of town trustees. Here he has exercised the same 
 tact that has ever characterized his actions. Thoroughly alive to 
 every improvement proposed which will inure to the benefit of 
 Mascoutah, he enjoys the cordial friendship of neighbors. The 
 mills of which he and Mr. Sehlinger are proprietors, are among the 
 best in the county. The conveniences for handling grain and pro- 
 ducts are unexcelled. Capable, earnest and straightforward in all 
 matters of business, success follows him. 
 
 RICHLAND PREC1:NCT. 
 
 -fv- 
 
 I HE Precinct of Eichland is in the south central 
 part of the county : Is bounded on the north 
 by Centerville and Belleville, on the east by 
 Fayetteville precinct, on the south by Monroe 
 county, and on the west by Monroe county and 
 Centerville precinct. In shape it is a regular 
 rectangle, with a triangular addition on the 
 west. It contains about 75J square miles, or 
 48,280 acres. It is well drained by Richland and 
 Prairie du Long creeks, and their numerous tributaries. Richland 
 enters on section 15, on its northern boundary, flows a southerly 
 course, and makes its exit near the western line of survey 607. 
 Prairie du Long rises in the north-western part of the precinct, 
 flows a south-easterly course, and leaves the precinct on section 25, 
 same township. Much of the land is level and low, some of it re- 
 quiring artificial draining to render it tillable. The population is 
 largely German ; they are thrifty and prosperous, and are princi- 
 pally engaged in farming. Its population, by the census of/ 1880, 
 was 3,338 inhabitants. 
 
 Early Settlers. — The first settlements were made in the north- 
 eastern part on the prairies overlooked by and contiguous to Tur- 
 key Hill. The sound of the woodman's axe first sent forth its 
 cheer, felling timber preparatory to the erection of a cabin in 1802. 
 The axeman was Joseph Carr, who with his family came from 
 Virginia to find homes in the west. They came by raft down the 
 Ohio to Fort Massac, where they forsook their "broad wagon," as 
 such means of transportation was called, and made their way via 
 Kaskaskia, following an old trail on horseback and on foot, to 
 section 13, which Carr selected as an abiding place. With him 
 46 
 
 ■ \ » d. 
 
 were his sons Conrad, Abner, Jacob, and Henry, strong armed, 
 stalwart pioneers, ready to meet and defeat hardship in whatever 
 guise it came. Joseph Carr made yet merrier music in the ears of 
 other pioneers than that of a hastily swung axe, by the changes he 
 rung upon his anvil. He thought a blacksmith's kit of tools a good 
 thing for a backwoods country, and brought a set with him. An 
 aged pioneer, whose fourscore years have been numbered, says 
 that Carr was as good a man as ever lived, although he had 
 a disregard for religious services, as illustrated by his taking a 
 hunt along the Okaw on Saturday and Sunday, whenever his son- 
 in-law, James Garrison, a preacher from Monroe county, held ser- 
 vices at his house, which he often did. 
 
 In the following year, 1803, David Phillips located near by, 
 bringing with him a family of six sons and five daughters, leaving 
 one son behind. His daughters found favor in the eyes of the young 
 backwoods gentry, and two sisters were married shortly after their 
 arrival to the brothers, Conrad and Abner Carr. As though that 
 were not matrimonial duality sufficient, two others married two 
 brothers, Henry and Crisley Stout. David Philips was originally 
 from North Carolina, where he was born in 1755. He served with 
 honor in the Revolutionary war, and having aided in wresting the 
 colonies from British tyranny, he sought a fair spot whereon to rear 
 his family, moved to Tennessee, thence to Kentucky, and when in 
 the full vigor of manhood, he heard praises of Illinois, he once 
 again took up his line of march, led his family through the wilder- 
 ness — found the Mecca of his hopes, and spent the evening of his 
 life in happy repose. 
 
 The same year came Jacob Short from Kentucky, and settled in 
 the same vicinity, a little to the south. He was a " six-footer," 
 
362 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. CLAIM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 heavily built, athletic and defiant. Once he shot at, and wounded 
 a deer, which went bounding away, the blood spurting from its 
 side at every jump. Short followed up his game, and came upon 
 an Indian leisurely " skinning his meat." What followed is a 
 matter of conjecture. Short got his venison, and said " he made 
 one Indian promise he would never take another deer from a white 
 man." It was generally believed he killed the red skin. He 
 was a member of the first Legislative body elected in Illinois. This 
 Assembly convened at Kaskaskia, November 25th, 1812. 
 
 Children of these pioneers had the advantage of a school taught 
 by John Bradsby on Turkey Hill, a little north of this precinct, as 
 early as 1808. Then for a series of years no such facilities were 
 ofiered. Indeed, it was not until 1824, that a school was regularly 
 opened in this precinct. In the mean time additions had been 
 made to the population by the arrival of the families of Higgins, 
 1818, Smiths, 1819, and Lamb, 1818. Timothy Higgins staked his 
 claim to the west of the settlements already made, on Prairie du 
 Long prairie, not far from the present site of Georgetown. He, as 
 well as the Smiths, were regular down-easters, from far away Maine. 
 Sturdy and vigorous as the old pine trees of their native state, they 
 were well calculated to endure the hardships of pioneer life. Samuel 
 Smith was a Baptist preacher and blacksmith. " He worked at 
 blacksmithing for a living, and preached for a good conscience." 
 Preaching brought him nothing — not even yellow-legged chickens 
 for dinner— they hadn't come into fashion yet, nor did officiating 
 at weddings replenish his exchequer extensively, as on one occasion 
 a candidate for matrimonial honors proposed payment in coon 
 skins for his services — and the coons had yet to be caught. 
 
 " Uncle " Billy McClintock (a name familiar to the old settlers) 
 taught the first school in the precinct in 1824, or rather commenced 
 doing so. Christmas time he found himself barred out, because he 
 wouldn't treat to whiskey. He climbed upon the roof, displaced 
 two or three clap-boards, with which it was covered, dropped down 
 among the scholars, and offered to compromise by treating to cider. 
 Robert and Benjamin Higgins (both larger than McClintock) stood 
 out for whiskey, saying it had never been denied them in Maine. 
 McClintock still pressed his compromise, whereupon the Higgins' 
 boy picked him up and carried him out of the house. McClintock 
 plead to be released to join his brothers and sisters, disclaiming 
 his intention of going home, and of quitting the school, 
 which he did. Benjamin Higgins often declared the breaking up 
 of the school the sorriest day's work he had ever been guilty of. 
 
 The first marriages we have already mentioned. The first births 
 were of girls, double cousins, both named Sarah Carr, and born re- 
 spectively in the winters of 1803 and 1804. Sallie Carr, now Miller, 
 born in 1803 is still living in the precinct. Joseph Chance, as 
 early as 1806, preached the Baptist faith in this vicinity. His 
 preaching places were at " every man's house," as he was always 
 welcome. 
 
 The Kickapoo Indians made friendly visits now and then, and 
 yet under the guise of friendship still lurked the savage nature, 
 and many petty depredations were committed by them. 
 
 South from the settlement already mentioned in T. 2 S., R 8W., 
 there lived, as early as 1814, one Thomas W. Talbot, who was 
 married to Hetty Scott the same year. To them Wm. S. Talbot 
 was born, June 19, 1815, and Hillery S. Talbot, who yet resided 
 there in 1816. 
 
 ■- At this time two saw-mills were in operation, yet further south and 
 west, one by James M. Davidson on Prairie du Long creek, and the 
 other by Moses Quick, en Eichland. Neither of these mills were 
 run a great length of time. Moses Quick was of a speculative turn 
 
 of mind, and preferred dealing in stock to sawing lumber. He and 
 his brother Aaron were probably the earliest settlers in their vicini- 
 ty, which was on the outskirts of the region of country protected 
 by Whiteside's station. The early pioneers frequently had occasion 
 to fiee to this station as a safeguard against the Indians. 
 
 As early as September, 1815, a road was projected from Belle- 
 ville to Quick's mill, and in February of the following year one 
 from Belleville, via Davidson's mill to the county line, was viewed 
 and ordered by Moses Short, Joseph Carr and James M. Davidson. 
 An open roadway caused wagons and carts to come into vogue as a 
 means of transportation of " plunder," as household goods were 
 universally called. Usiially these carts were provided with solid 
 wooden wheels, without a vestige of iron. Their creaking could be 
 heard across a section of land. 
 
 The early settlers showed great enterprise by repudiating the 
 stick and mud chimneys and substituting therefor brick, which the 
 opening of a brick-yard by the Carrs, Higgins and others in 1820, 
 enabled them to do. The first brick burned for house building was 
 at a much later date, by Ben. Smith, on land of Thouvernot, west 
 of Georgetown, perhaps 1830. 
 
 A saw mill was built by Timothy Higgins, on the west fork of 
 Eichland creek in 1 833. It had an upright saw run by water 
 power. The first circular saw was used in a mill on Forcade field, 
 about 1850. 
 
 John Smith, during a great scarcity of water which prevailed 
 in the hot summer of 1821, whilst engaged in carrying it, fell 
 dead. This was the first death of an adult of which we have any 
 account. 
 
 A water-mill for grinding corn was built on Eichland creek in 
 T. 1 S., E. 9 W, by Billings and Taylor, in 1833. 
 
 Many of the descendents of these pioneers are yet living ia this 
 precinct surrounded by the comforts of life, the rightful inheritance 
 of industry and earnest efibrt. Schools and churches abound ; for 
 fuller accounts of which see educational and ecclesiastical chapters 
 of this work. The precinct was organized June 5th, 1839. The 
 first election was held at the house of Eobert Higgins. Nathan 
 Arnott, Edward Tate, and John McCully were elected as judges. 
 
 FIRST LAND ENPEIES, 
 
 The first land entries were by Samuel Scott, Sr., of 213.93 acres, 
 in Sees. 22 and 14 ; by heirs of J. H. Moore 160 acres S. W. i Sec. 
 2, and 160 acres S. E. i Sec. 3, December 3, 1814; by Hugh 
 McClintock the S. E. i of Sec. 10, the N. E. of Sec. 11, and S. W., 
 i of Sec. 11, in all 480 acres, Sept. 17, 1817 ; by Henry Carr, 160 
 acres, being the N. E. i Sec. 10, Sept. 11, 1817; by Balser Null, 
 80 acres, being the W. i N. W. } Sec. 14, Jan. 10, 1817, and by 
 Thomas B. Talbot, 80 acres, being the E. i, S. E. i Sec. 15, Sept. 
 15, 1817, all the above being in T. 2, E. 8 W. and by John Rey- 
 nolds, Senior, 160 acres, being the S. W. i Sec. 24, Dec. 21, 1818; 
 by James B. Moore, 80 acres, being theE. i N. W. }, Sec. 23, Dec. 
 22, 1818, and John Dunlap, 80 acres, being the E. i of N. E. i, 
 Sec. 12, July 26, 1830, all in T. 2 S. E. 9 W. Before any govern- 
 mental surveys had been made, J. Edgar, the largest land owner 
 in his day in Illinois, located claim No. 2209, and under his direc- 
 tion survey No. 607 was made, including 5968 acres (found by sub- 
 sequent and more accurate surveys to contain 6325 acres) Nov. 20, 
 1798. Of this tract 5825 acres lay in this precinct, and is known 
 as the Tamaroas prairie tract. Edgar obtained the claim by 
 buying upheadright3of400 acres each and militia rights of men serv- 
 ing in 1790, by virtue of which they were entitled to 100 acres of land 
 each. In all it is claimed that Edgar obtained near 40,000 acres 
 of such lands, which were among the best in Illinois. In the north- 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 363 
 
 eastern part of the township there are located several claims of like 
 character, either wholly or in part in this precinct. They are 
 claims 992, survey 390 ; claim 350, survey 382 ; and survey 772. 
 These were selected in the years 1798 and 1799, and afterwards 
 confirmed. 
 
 There are in this precinct several villages, named respectively, 
 Georgetown, Smithtoa (which to all intents are one and the same, 
 a street simply separating them). Flora, Paderborn, and Douglas. 
 Georgetown was platted November 25th, 1853, by George Fischer. 
 It comprised four blocks, one of which had already been purchased 
 by Christian Meliuda, John Drasur and George Storger. The two 
 Georges, Fischer and Storger, being interiested in the plat, con- 
 cluded to name the village for themselves, and bestowed upon it 
 their common given name, hence it was called Georgetown. To 
 the original town Fischer made an addition of seventy-six lots. It 
 being the east half north-east quarter section 33, T. 1, R. 8, October 
 4th, 1859. 
 
 Smithton (the post-office name) was laid off by Benjamin I. Smith, 
 April 29th, 1854, in fourteen lots. It lies to the east of George- 
 town. Several additio s have been made, notably by the Frank- 
 lin Mill Company, of the north-west quarter of the north-east quar- 
 ter section 33, May 27, 1859 ; by Amos T. Barker, of 48 lots north 
 of the above, July 29th, 1859 ; and by B. I. Smith, his fourth addi- 
 tion of thirty-two lots, April 27th, 1865 ; and by Christ. Gauch, 
 of forty-eight lots, March 15, 1867. The population of the com- 
 bined village is about 550. 
 
 The first house was built and used as a tavern by George Storger 
 in 1853. Christian Melinda built the second, and used part of it 
 as a shoe shop. The first store was kept by Ben. Smith, who also 
 held the first appointment as post-master in 1853. 
 
 A reading club, organized in 1860, has a library of choice works 
 numbering about five hundred volumes. Present officers are : Dr. 
 W. H. Laeuffert, president, and Henry Henn, librarian. It is 
 kept up by monthly contributions of ten cents each from its 
 members. 
 
 A brewery, built in 1858 by George Schmidt, was operated until 
 1869, when it was converted into Farmers' Hall, which it still con- 
 tinues to be. 
 
 In 1868 a company was formed numbering sixteen or seventeen 
 stockholders, to buiJd a mill, which was done the same year at a 
 cost of $17,000. Stock rapidly changed hands, and finally the mill 
 passed into the hands of those enterprising millers, F. A. Reuss & 
 Co. Its manufacture of flour, which is held in high esteem, is 
 shipped direct to Europe in sacks of two hundred pounds each. It 
 has the best improved machinery, and despite remoteness from mar- 
 ket, does a large business. It has four run of stone, having a ca- 
 pacity for the production of about a hundred barrels of flour per 
 day. 
 
 A society called the High Prairie Debating and Literary Society 
 was organized in 1835, and, singular to relate, it has held regular 
 sessions ever since. There is in possession of its officers a written 
 record reaching from January 29th, 1 842, to the present time. At 
 first the society held its weekly sessions, alternating between three 
 school-houses, the Potter, the Nat. Smith, and the Thompson. 
 
 The first question debated after the adoption of a constitution in 
 1842 (it seems to have been kept up without such an instrument 
 prior to that date), was : " Resolved, That the present tariff is 
 oppressive to a majority of the people of the United States." Of 
 the members of this society several have filled honorable positions 
 iu life— among them, Amos Thompson and B. J. Smith, members 
 of the state legislature ; Jacob Eyman, county treasurer ; John 
 McCuUey, member of the state constitutional convention of 1847 ; 
 Harbert Patterson, a leading Methodist preacher, and others. 
 
 Several coal mines have been operated in the vicinity of George- 
 town, mostly from hill-sides, thus becoming banks in contradis- 
 tinction to shafts. 
 
 A saw mill, three quarters of a mile south-east of town, built by 
 Henry Sipperl? in 1878, employs five men. It is operated by steam 
 power; it is provided with a circular saw of sixty inches diameter. 
 
 The business industries of the combined villages are as follows : 
 
 General Merchants. — Press and Daesch, George Stoerger, George 
 Seibert. 
 
 Druggists. — George J. Eimer, J. C. Bock. 
 
 Physieians. — W. H. Laeuffert, J. C. Bock. 
 
 Hotek. — Franklin tavern by H. Keim, a stone building erect- 
 ed in 1853, by Geo. Stoerger, Adam Herold, Paul Boll. 
 
 Blacksmiths- — Leonard Schanz, Charles Frank, Jacob Sieben. 
 
 Wagon Maker. — John Brendel, Fred. Germann. 
 
 Books and Stationery and P. M. — Jacob Thress. 
 
 Agricultural Implements. — Eimer and Crossmann. 
 
 Saddler and Harness- — Daniel Klein. 
 
 Churches. — Catholic, built in 1868, cost $6000 ; Protestant 
 Lutheran, built same year, cost $5000. 
 
 There are seven saloons in the villages. 
 
 FLOEA 
 
 was laid off by Frederick Horn, May 28th, 18 — , being part of the 
 S. J of N. E. i of section 11, T. 2 S., R. 9 W. in fifty lots. To the 
 original village two additions have been made by the founder, 
 April 23d, 1859, and August 30th, 1864. 
 
 Its business is as follows ; 
 
 Stores. — Christ. Horn, Henry Sensel. 
 
 Blacksmiths. — Andrew Franke, Henry Schneider. 
 
 Post-master. — C. Horn. 
 
 Saloons. — John Dill, Christ. Lindauer. 
 
 A Protestant (free) church is located here, , Building is frame. 
 Erected 1848. 
 
 PADERBOEif 
 
 was laid off by Valentine Berg, August 18th, 1862, on the N. E. 
 corner of the W. i of section 13, T. 2, S., R. 9 W. It is a small 
 village, having a Catholic church, a general store by Broess, and a 
 half dozen dwelling houses. 
 
 Richland precinct was established June 5th, 1837 ; the first elec- 
 tion was held at the residence of Robert Higgins. Nathan Arndt, 
 Edward Tate, and Philip Creamer acted as Judges. It derived its 
 name from the creek which passes through it, and this in turn fronj 
 the richness of the soil which l^.y upon either side of it. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 
 
 .C^i-U 
 
 '-V 
 
 The Higgins family are among the old settlers of Bt. Clair 
 county. Timothy Higgins, the grandfather of the ])resent family, 
 was a native of Maine. In 181G he came west to Ohio, and settled 
 north of Cincinnati, a distance of twenty miles. In 1H18 he came 
 to St. Clair county, Illinois, and located a I'arm near where. IJcnja- 
 min Higgins, his grandson now lives. He built a log house, and 
 then sent for his family. They came down the river to Sliawnee- 
 town, where Mr. Higgins went to meet them. He broiiglit Ihem to 
 the place which he had selecied, and there the old pioneer remain- 
 ed until his death in 1845. He married Susan Smith, who was 
 also a native of Maine. She died in August, 1847. By this mar- 
 riage there were four children, all of wliom are dead. Itohert Hig- 
 gins, his son, was liorn in Maine, in 18(J5. He was in his thirteenth 
 year when the family settled in St. Clair county. Here he lived 
 until his death, which occurred September 9th, 1871). He was a 
 soldier in the Black Hawk war, and enlisted three times. He went 
 out first in Capt. Miller's company, and remained in the service 
 until the power of Black Hawk was broken in the west. He was 
 o64 
 
 f )nd of hunting and spent much of his time in the chase, when 
 deer was ]>lcnty in Ihe early times. Altogether he was a man who 
 was calculated to help settle the country in the pioneer era of the 
 state. He had many friends among the old settlers of St. Clair 
 county. He married Sarah Carr, who was born on Turkey Hill, 
 St. Clair county, Oct. 11th, 1804. Her parents were also among the 
 iirst settlers of the county and state. She is yet living with her 
 son, Benjamin, and is a hale hearty woman of nearly four-score 
 years. By this marriage there were six children, one sou and five 
 (laughters. Benjamin, the son, was born near where he now resides, 
 January .Ith, 18'28. In 1851 he married Eliza, daughter of Jere- 
 miah rhillips. She died in July of the same year, five months 
 later. Mary, the eldest daughter, married Amos Phillips ; they have 
 four children. Rosolva married Jacod Phillips, and also have four 
 children. Deborah is the wife of Nathan Robinson, and have 
 three children. Clarissa is the wife of Joseph McGuire, and Lave 
 two children. Anna, the youngest, is the wife of Oliver Eitten- 
 house, and have one child. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 365 
 
 ^^/^ 
 
 0-^^^^ ^^C^^^^ 
 
 Mrs. L0UI8A GROSSMANN. 
 
 The subject of this liUtory was borii in Hessen Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many, November 7tli, 1824. Carl Grossmanu, his father, was a 
 farmer, and an officer under the government. In 1832 he emigra- 
 ted to America, lauding in Baltimore, and then by land went to 
 Pittsburg, and from there came down to Cincinnati, and to St. 
 Louis, and from thereto Belleville, where he remained several days. 
 He there pre-empted forty acres of land near where Squire Gross- 
 manu now lives, and put up a log cabin, and opened a farm 
 There he lived until his death in 1866, except the time when he 
 was on a trip to his native land. He married Elizabeth Barbara 
 Dehu, in Germany. She died in 1861. He had been married be- 
 fore, by which marriage there ^\as one child. By the last marriage 
 there are five children living. He was eight years of age when his 
 father came to St. Clair county. Here he grew to manhood. In 
 his youth he received but four and a half months' schooling. The 
 family was poor, and the children had to help support themselves 
 and lamily. Schools were also scarce in those days. George re- 
 mained at home until his twenty-second year. He then married 
 Mary Hilger, a native of Hessen Darmstadt. Her father was a 
 soldier for fourteen years under the first Napoleon, and was the 
 largest and most powerful man in Hessen Darmstadt; he came to 
 
 Monroe county, Illinois, in 1841. Mrs. Grossmann died in October 
 1870. By this union there were eight children, six sons and two 
 daughters, all living except George the eldest son. He married 
 Louisa Forgade, by whom he had three children. Louisa the eldest 
 daughter is the wife of Leonard Schanz. Jacob, the next son mar- 
 ried Mary Mitchell. Carl, married Mary Dear Throthers ; William, 
 Henry, ]Mary and Frederick are still at home. In 1872 Mr. Gross- 
 mann married Mrs. Louisa Houting nee Deobald, widow of Bern- 
 hard Houting. She had one child by her first husband, whose name 
 is Bernhard Houting. By the last marriage of Mr Grossmann, 
 there are two children living, named Louis and Ida Grossmanu. 
 
 Mr. Grossmann has always been a staunch democrat. He is a 
 popular man in his locality, aud has held many offices of local trust. 
 In 1865 he was first elected Justice of the Peace, and is now serv- 
 ing his third term. He has been Deputy Assessor for the past eight 
 years, and has been school director since the present school system 
 was commenced. He has held as many as a half dozen offices at 
 one time, and in all of them he has given good satisfaction and 
 never betrayed any trust reposed in him. He has been an active 
 business man for many years, and altogether is one of the repre- 
 sentative Germans of St. Clair county. 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 HON. JOSEPH VEILE 
 Was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, Nov. 2d, 1831. In his 
 yout,h he received a good education in the excellent schools of his 
 native town. He was the eldest of the children. In 1853 he de- 
 termined to come to America. He was attracted here by the hope 
 of improving his condition, and also to escape military duty, so re- 
 pugnant to nearly all German youths. He came to St. Clair in 
 December, 1853, and here found general work on a farm. In 
 1857, on the 7th of March, he was united in marriage to MrtJ. Anna 
 Barbary, widow of Leonard Keeler. Her maiden name was Koch. 
 She had four children by her former marriage. By the latter there 
 are two living. The same year that he was married, he commenced 
 farming on the land belonging to his wife's children. In 1859 he 
 bought the farm on which he still lives. It was raw, unimproved 
 land, and there Mr. Veile has lived, improved the farm and re- 
 mained to the present time. In politics Mr. Veile has been an ac- 
 tive and reliable republican since 1858, when he cast his vote for 
 the members of the Legislature who were pledged to vote for 
 Abraham Linciln for the United States Senate. From that time 
 to the present, he has remained a firm' and consistent member of 
 that political organization. He has frequently held offices of local 
 trust. In 1869 he was elected to the office of county commissioner, 
 which position he occupied until 1874. In 1878 he was nominated 
 and elected to represent St. Clair county in the state Legislature, 
 and in 1880, was re-elected. While a member the first time, he 
 served on the committees on Warehouses, Claims, Pish and Game 
 and License. In the last legislature he was chairma^. of the com- 
 mittee on Mines and Mining, and was also a member of the com- 
 mittee on License and Drainage, He was a useful member and 
 practical legislator, and his entire course was endorsed by his 
 constituents. He has been, for a number of years, Notary 
 Public. 
 
 His wife, whose maiden name was Anna Barbary Koch, was 
 twice married before marrying JVfr. Veile. Her second husband 
 was a Mr. Wallbaum, by whom she had one child, who died 
 in infancy. Mr. Veile's daughter, Louisa, is the wife of Louis 
 Mueller, Jr. Charles, the son, is still at home. 
 
 WILLIAM H LAEUFFERT, M. D., 
 
 Was born in Belleville, St, Clair county, Ills., Jan. 13th, 1855. 
 His father, Jacob Laeufiert, was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 
 12th, 1811. He came to America in 1833, landing at New Orleans, 
 He came up the river to St. Louis, then to Belleville, and remained 
 here until 1838, then returned to Germany, and in 1839 came back 
 to Belleville, and there made his home until his death, which took 
 place in March 1875. -When he first came to Belleville he traded 
 in cattle ; afterwards, clerked. After returning from Europe he 
 went into the hotel business, in which he continued until 1859, 
 when he erected a building, now the one occupied by Mr. Lebkue- 
 cher as a tin store, and started a saloon, in which he continued un- 
 til 1865. In 1867 he engaged in the grocery trade and run that 
 business for a short time, then operated in real estate and building. 
 A few years before his death he practically retired from business. 
 He married Susaua Hemmighoefer, a native of Bavaria, Germany. 
 She was born in 1823, and died in Sept., 1876. There were nine 
 children by this union, three of whom are living. William H. is 
 
 the eldest ; Anna, the wife of Henry Strassinger, of Marissa, is the 
 next; and Charles G., of Belleville, is the youngest. Dr. LauefFert 
 was educated in the schools of Belleville, and received private in- 
 struction in the Latin language. At the age of nineteen &e com- 
 menced reading medicine in the office of Dr. Berchalmann of 
 Belleville, and afterwards entered the St. Louis Medical College 
 and took three c )urse9, and graduated in 1876 with the degree of 
 M. D. ; then went to Europe, and entered the medical department 
 of the University of Heidelberg, afterward went to Strasburg, and 
 Frieburg, and took a course in the medical institutions of those 
 places. He remained in the medical schools of Germany for six- 
 teen months, then returned home to Belleville, and in November, 
 1879, came to Georgetown, St. Clair county, where he commenced 
 to practice, and where he has continued with great success to the. 
 present. When he returned from Europe he assisted Dr. Kubach 
 of Belleville in his practice, and had charge of the county hospital, 
 and did the surgical work required there for nearly two years. He 
 is now Asst. Surgeon of the 11th regiment, Illinois National 
 Guards. He is an active member of the St. Clair county Medical 
 Society. In politics he is a republican. 0.p the 11th of November, 
 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Laura Metzgar, of' St. 
 Louis. She is the daughter of John F. and Mimi Metzgar, who 
 were born in Darmstadt, Germany. 
 
 Dr. Laeuffert has built up a good, lucrative practice in George- 
 town and vicinity, and much of it is owing to his skill as a physi- 
 cian, and the great interest he takes in his cases. In manner he is 
 a pleasant, agreeable gentleman, and possesses, fine social quali- 
 ties. 
 
 DR. G. C. BOCK 
 
 Was born in the province of the Khine, Prussia, February 20, 1816. 
 His father, Charles August Bock, was an eminent physician, and 
 held the position of Medical Doctor under the government. The 
 subject of this biography received his education in the schools of 
 Germany, and was trained for the profession of medicine. He 
 studied under his father, and attended the medical schools at Ber- 
 lin and Leipsic, and graduated at Giesen in 1844. He then en- 
 tered the military service as surgeon, and during that time passed 
 through the Schleswig-Holstein war of 1848-49. He remained in 
 the service until 1852, when he was sent by the German govern- 
 ment to the German hospital in London, England, as assistant sur- 
 geon. He remained there until 1854, when he came to America, 
 and settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, and remained there until 1858, 
 practising his profession. He then came to Illinois, and settled in 
 Smithton, St. Clair county, and there he has remained to the pres- 
 ent. He was twice married. First in Ohio, by which union there 
 are two children, named Charlotte and Augustus. The son is now 
 studying medicine under his father, and has taken two courses at the 
 St. Louis Medical College, and will take the third one this coming 
 year, and graduate. On the 13th of November, 1860, Dr. Bock 
 married Elizabeth Schlaefer, a native of Germany, by which mar- 
 riage there have been ten children, four of whom are living. Their 
 names are— Amelia, Augusta, Frederick, and William Bock. Dr. 
 Bock has been regularly in the practice of medicine since 1844, and 
 in that time has had a wide field and much experience, and is con- 
 sequently well posted in the healing art. He has been very success- 
 ful in his practice. 
 
■M;rf^^''''M 
 
 REmENce,STX3CKS,CRAtNFARM OF JOHN NEHRING,Sec23JJS.R8W.(R,cHiANDPREciNT)ST.CLAmCa.lLL. 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 367 
 
 HEINRECK KEIM 
 
 Is a native of Bavaria, Germany. He was born June 1st, 1834. 
 When he was in his thirtieth year he emigrated to America, in 
 company with his uncle. He landed in New Orleans, December 
 31st, 1847, and came up the river to St. Louis, where he found work 
 on a steamboat plying on the river. He remained engaged in that 
 business for six months, when he procured a situation as clerk in a 
 wholesale hardware store, in which business he continued for three 
 years. He then went into the saloon business in St. Louis, where 
 he remained until 1856; then came toSmithton, and there engaged 
 
 in the same business and hotel keeping, and has remained in that 
 business to the present. On the 22d of February, 1855, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Anna Mary Buechel, a native of the 
 province of the Rhine Prussia. She came to St. Louis in 1848, 
 and was there married. By this marriage there are six children 
 living, two sons and four daughters. Anna, the eldest daughter, is 
 the wife of John Daab, of this precinct ; the rest of the children 
 are at home. In politics he is a republican, but votes for men often- 
 times regardless of their politics. He is a straightforward, honor- 
 able man, a good, law-abiding citizen, and has many friends in his 
 neighborhood. 
 
 ST. CLAIR PRECINCT 
 
 -t-v- 
 
 -w- 
 
 JHIS precinct is situated in the south-eastern part 
 of the county, and is bounded on the north by 
 Mascoutah, east by Washington county, south 
 by Athens, and west by Fayetteville precincts. 
 Its entire northern, western and southern 
 boundaries are formed by the Kaskaskia river 
 and Mud creek. The Kaskaskia river. Mud 
 creek, and Little Mud creek, which enters the 
 township from the east, in section 13, flow in 
 a westerly course, emptying into the Kaskaskia in section 16, and 
 together with their small tributaries, water and drain the entire pre- 
 cinct. The timbered lands bordering on these streams furnished 
 the attraction which impelled the first hardy pioneers to the crea- 
 tion of homes in what was indeed a dreary wilderness. The broad 
 prairies, luxuriant in their growth of wild grasses and flowers, and 
 which form the greater part of the township, were passed over by 
 these pioneers as unfit for the habitation of men. Deeply studded 
 woodlands with rippling waters hard by, were looked upon as oases 
 in the vast prairie stretches of Illinois. As early as 1816, the sav- 
 age who returned to the loved banks of the Kaskask'a, where his 
 wigwam had long held sentinel, found the pale face in possession, 
 energetic in hewing out a forest home. tTndiseouraged by the ab- 
 sence^of neighbors ; eager to meet and conquer the hardships inci- 
 dent to, pioneer life, Nathaniel Hill, who, far away in North Caro- 
 lina had heard of the fame of the Illinois country, was the first to 
 erect a cabin within the boundaries of this precinct. Soon after, 
 perhaps the same year, there arrived from the mountains of East 
 Tennessee one, who by his great energy and successful invi- 
 tation to others to come also, a person whose name is yet perpetua- 
 ted as that given to the locality, Andrew Free, who brought with 
 him a family of grown sons and daughters. In 1817, Isaac Rainey, 
 then living in Middle Tennessee, brought with him his family, 
 essaying to cross the river and locate in what is now Fayetteville 
 precinct. Owing to floods he was deterred from this, and luckily, 
 found a welcome at the home of Nathaniel Hill with whom he 
 
 passed the winter. His first intentions were never carried out. 
 With willing hands he aided Hill in the felling of timber, in hunt- 
 ing and trapping until spring, when he erected a dwelling close by. 
 In 1818, the population of what was already the name of the 
 "Free " settlement, was augmented by the advent of Joshua Pen- 
 nington and family from East Tennessee, and Isaac Allen from 
 Red Bud, Randolph county, a young bachelor, drawn thither by 
 the irresistible charms of Elizabeth Free, to whom he was married 
 March 5th, 1818. This being the first wedding in the settlement 
 entitles it to more than a passing notice. The ceremony was per- 
 formed by Peter Mitchell, a Justice of the Peace, living at the time 
 in Fayetteville precinct ; that it attracted great attention, and fur- 
 nished fresh zest to gossip, we entertain not a doubt. 
 
 Richard Beasley, Sr., located on Mud creek in 1822. During 
 the same year, or the year following, H. Darter settled on section 
 J 3, the present site of the St. Libory Catholic cemetery. David 
 Pulliam erected a cabin on the east side of the Kaskaskia, nof th of 
 the mouth of Little Mud creek, on section 16, in 1822. Thus, one 
 by one, brave, generous, hardy pioneers gradually redeemed from 
 the wilds of nature this beautiful country. Schools and churches 
 there were none. Occasionally a traveling preacher, bearing the 
 "glad tidings of great joy," was welcomed to their firesides and 
 greeted by all the neighbors who assembled to hear the " old, old 
 story." Such a preacher was Washington Ballard, and also Na- 
 thaniel Powers. 
 
 The first birth was that of John Hill in 1817, the second is be- 
 lieved to have been that of Jefferson Rainey, April 20, 1820. 
 
 The first death was that of Mrs. Beasley, fir^t wife of Richard 
 Beasley, Jr. Her maiden name was Sallie Curry. They were 
 married June 21st, 1824, and in less than a year death claimed 
 her. The second death was that of Mrs. Free in 1827. She was 
 buried on section 27, three quarters of a mile west from present site 
 of Darmstadt. Jack Baggs was buried about the same time on sec- 
 tion 14, on the east bank of Mud creek. 
 
 It is related that Absalom P. Free stole a girl, Patsey Belsher, 
 
368 
 
 HISTORY OF ST. GLAIR GOVNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 from a camp of emigrants on their way to Missouri, and married 
 her. They were married May 1st, 1818. The second marriage in 
 the vicinity. 
 
 The advent of a blacksmith, Jared Wilkinson, (colored) was 
 hailed by the farming community gladly in 1831. For several 
 years he enjoyed a monopoly at his trade, the next nearest smithy 
 being far distant, and, at seasons of the year when most in demand, 
 quite inaccessible. Jared Wilkinson was brought, a slave, from 
 Virginia by his master, Washington Ballard, who gave him his pa- 
 pers of freedom. As illustrative of the lack of educational advan- 
 tages those living in the Free settlement, who would master the 
 three " R's " were compelled to go to Sparta. Jared Wilkinson, 
 ambitious, as he was, to become more proficient in his calling as a 
 preacher (for he was a Methodist preacher, and it is said a good 
 one, as well as a blacksmith) in company with Jefferson Rainey at- 
 tended school at that place. It was not until 1831, that a school 
 was attempted in this precinct, then several neighbors, each contri- 
 buting labor or material, or both, put up a primitive school-house 
 on Little Mud creek, about two miles north-west of Darmstadt. 
 John Campbell was the first teacher. He recpived $2.50 per scho- 
 lar per quarter, took pot luck with patrons, or boarded around, as 
 it was called, and had fourteen or fifteen pupils. 
 
 " Necessity is the mother of invention," so, too, necessity drives 
 to the use of her inventions. A growing community presents 
 growing wants. The idea of going fifteen or twenty miles to mill 
 especially when compelled to do so during the night-time, because 
 of endangering animals to the attacks of myriads of insects with 
 which the prairies swarmed, was repellant, so, when Isaac Rainey, 
 who had returned from a temporary home in Randolph county, 
 built a horse-mill, in 1 834, it was regarded as an answer to a great 
 existing necessity. It was a primitive band-mill. Slow but sure. 
 The reader is not asked to credit the story that a hound attracted 
 the attention of a passer-by by his moaning, who found him wait- 
 ing, rather impatiently, until the grist, slowly accumulating, would 
 be sufficient to make a " bite." The dog wanted a square meal, 
 and here was his opportunity. 
 
 The first German settlers were Bernard Dingwerth, William 
 Harwerth and Joseph Stempel, who located here in 1833. Of these 
 Mr. Harwerth is still living. Soon after coming, Messrs. Ding- 
 werth and Harwerth built a raft on the Kaskaskia, and furnished a 
 home market by buying up country produce, chiefly chickens, corn 
 and potatoes, and leisurely floating down with the current into the 
 Mississippi, thence to New Orleans, where they sold boat as well as 
 provisions. 
 
 In 1835 the first store was opened by Robert G. Shannon and 
 Samuel Foster. This effort was followed up by Conrad Benner in 
 1844. Benner had followed peddling for several years. His busi- 
 ness grew to such proportions that he was constrained to have an 
 abiding place, hence the store. 
 
 Isaac Rainey kept the first post-ofiice, called Mud Creek, at his 
 own house, about \h miles from Darmstadt. It was afterwards 
 moved to Hermanntown, in 1856. In 1878 the name was changed 
 to St. Libory. 
 
 In 1842, William Waeltz opened a blacksmith shop within a 
 mile of Darmstadt, and during the same year, Peter Rodemeyer 
 commenced a smithy within the present limits of the same vil- 
 lage. 
 
 The Protestant Lutheran, on section 27, built in 1842, was the 
 first house for public worship. It was a small log building, and, in 
 1866, gave place to a more commodious brick structure, which was 
 destroyed by lightning the following year. A cemetery, first used 
 
 as a burial place in 1839, marks the location of the church. George 
 Heberer was the first to be buried there. 
 
 In 1837 the German population had many accessions to their 
 numbers. John C. Eckert, Nicholas Petri, Michael Funch, Wen- 
 del Eckert, Nicholas Worm, among them. Wendel Eckert was 
 married to Mary Perschbacher, March 1st, 1839, by John Stuntz, 
 J. P., notable as being the first wedding among the German popu- 
 lation. 
 
 J. G. Eckert had a singular experience with wheat the first sea- 
 son after his arrival. He prepared the ground, as he was accus- 
 tomed to do in the old country, although Jeff. Rainey expostulated 
 with him, foretelling the result, which was a very rank growth of 
 straw, so rank that the wheat fell of its own weight. It only took 
 a man five weeks, using a sickle, to cut twelve acres of it. 
 
 In 1836 a proselyting elder from the Mormons, drumming up 
 emigration for Mount Zion, Jackson county, Missouri, came into 
 this township. His urgent appeals and fair promises, coupled with 
 great religious zeal, resulted in numerous converts to the Mormon 
 faith. Many laid aside their Bibles as being full of idle tales, and 
 accepted the book of Mormon as God's revealed will. Among those 
 to travel Zion ward, or, Missouri- ward rather, were George Baggs 
 Free and Thomas Nelson. Nelson soon after returned and told his 
 friends that the scales had fallen from his eyes upon reaching Mt. 
 Zion; he had seen Mormon life in all its hideousness ; fell out with 
 the leaders ; had a free fight, out of which he came first-best, and 
 struck a bee-line for his old home. Some never gave up their Mor- 
 mon faith. 
 
 Agriculturally, this is an excellent body of land. The streams 
 are skirted with timber, and the land is undulating ; the greater 
 part of the precinct is a beautiful prairie, now under a high state 
 of cultivation. The farm-buildings are good, and the farmers in- 
 telligent and enterprising. Population : — census of 1880 — 1,639. 
 The acreage is 23,895, of which fully five-sixths is prairie. Gre3,t 
 crops of the cereals gladden the hearts of farmers, while large num- 
 bers of stock, priocipally hogs, are annually fattened for the 
 market. 
 
 Lack of facilities, furnished 'by railroad transportation, is the 
 great drawback. At one time it was thought proposed improve- 
 ments along the Kaskaskia would obviate this difficulty by giving 
 water communication, but all that has flitted by, as a thing of the 
 past. The precinct was organized, upon petition of its citizens, 
 April 16th, 1870 ; prior to that time it was a part of Athens. 
 
 THE FIRST LAND ENTRIES 
 
 Were made by H. Darter et al. of 160 acres, being the S. W. i of 
 sec 10, April 19, 1815; Daniel Stookey, of 119.12 acres, being 
 part of N. W. i of sec. 20, July 31, 1817 ; David Pulliam, of 80 
 acres, being] the east half of the N. W. i sec. 11, November, 17, 
 1817 ; William Glasgow, of 240 acres, being the N. W. i and the 
 west half of the N. E. } sec. 10, February 16, 1817 ; and John 
 Walker, of 160 acres, it being the 8. \V. } sec. 3, December 8, 1817, 
 all lying in that part of T. 2 S., R. 6 W., and by Henry T. Whit- 
 man, of 480 acres, in sec. 14, July 8, 1818, in T. 3 S., R. 6 W. 
 
 THE TOWN OF DARMSTADT 
 
 Is situated in the north-west quarter of section 35, T. 2 S., R. 6 W. 
 It was laid off by Isaac Rainey, February 1, 1855, who, singular to 
 relate, gave it the German name of Darmstadt. His ideas of a 
 village were moderate, extending only to laying off thirty-six lots, 
 one of which was already occupied by the blacksmith shop of Peter 
 Rodemeyer, and another by a tavern, erected in 1845 by Henry 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 369 
 
 Kaylor. At present the town has a population of about 350. 
 Prominent among its industries is a mill, built in 1863, by a com- 
 pany composed of George M Eckert, Hermann H. Voskamp, Leon- 
 ard Kayser, Henry Koch, William Massmann, and Henry Eckert. 
 This company made, May 11, 1864, an addition to the town of 
 Darmstadt, calling it " The Mill Company's addition." The mill 
 is now owned and operated by Martin Eckert. It has four run of 
 stone. Its capacity is 200 barrels of flour per diem ; gives employ- 
 ment to five men ; cost about $30,000. Flour is hauled by wagon 
 to Marissa station, six miles distant, thence shipped chiefly to St. 
 Louis, Mo., and Cairo, 111. The mill has contributed much to the 
 upbuilding of the town. 
 
 Pleasantly located, in the heart of a large agricultural district, 
 Darmstadt, despite its inconvenience for railroad facilities, enjoys a 
 prosperous trade. It is well supplied with schools, having a public 
 and two private ones supported by the churches. There are two 
 churches — the Lutheran, built in 1865, and the Protestant Lutheran, 
 transferred, after its destruction by lightning, from its former site to 
 a desirable location in the village. Built in 1877. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 True Bund No. 15 was organized November 9, 1871, with nine 
 charter members. 
 
 A lodge of the A. O. U. W., was organized February 10, 1878, 
 with nineteen charter members. Has at present twenty-three mem- 
 bers. Meets in hall owned by John Lehr. 
 
 There is also here a singing society, " The Concordia," with four- 
 teen members, organized October 25th, 1878. Christian Keim, 
 leader. 
 
 BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 (ieneial Stores — Joseph Eeith, Bernhardt Twenhaefel, opened in 
 1854-5. 
 Hoteb — John Lehr, John Schlesinger. 
 Blacksmiths — Hartmann Koch, William Ludwig. 
 Physician — Dr. F. X. Fischer. 
 
 Saloons — John Lehr, John Schlesinger, Bernhardt Twenhafel. 
 Wagon Makers — Jacob Theobald, Henry Steinheimer. 
 Tailor — Henry Koehler. 
 Saddler — Philip Koehler. 
 
 Soda Manufacturer— Christian Gross. Puts up for the trade 
 47 
 
 about 4,000 boxes annually. The surrounding villages famish a 
 market. 
 
 Hall — John Lehr, built in 1864, capable of seating two hundred 
 people. 
 
 Post-master — Martin Eckert. Was appointed when the office wrs 
 first established, which was on petition in 1864, and has held it ever 
 since. 
 
 TOWN OF ST. LIBOEY. 
 
 October 18, 1866, John Wessels laid out on the N. E. part of the 
 S. E. quarter of the N. W. quarter of section 18, T. 2 S., E. 6 W. 
 the town of Hermanntown. Close by was a Catholic church, erect- 
 ed in 1846, and to which the name of St. Libory was given. In the 
 village was the general store of H. Euetter, who had established it 
 in 1849. In 1856 the post-office, called " Mud Creek," was moved 
 to this store, and H. Euetter was appointed post-master — so that, 
 when the town was platted, there were three names struggling for 
 the supremacy. Mills were built ; business prospered, and, although 
 people built on all sides of the platted town, no additions were made 
 thereto. In 1874 the name of the post-office was changed from 
 Mud Creek to St. Libory, and by common consent other names have 
 been dropped, so there is presented the anomaly of a village of per- 
 haps 250 inhabitants, on laud not regularly platted as a town site» 
 with a name not recognized in the public records, save by common 
 consent. A large mill has stood idle for several years past, while a 
 small custom mill, owned by Gustav Hessler, meets the demands of 
 the community. 
 
 BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 General Stores — Barney Euetter, Pohlmann Bros., Stephen 
 Knuewe. 
 
 Drug Stores — Dr. Dickinson, Dr. Fischer, 
 
 Builders — Henry Scheiper, Conrad Busse, 
 
 Saddler and Justice of the Peace — C. D, Hausmann. 
 
 Wagon Makers — Frank Schroeder, Bernhardt Otten. 
 
 Gunsmith — Arnold Eudenfranz. 
 
 Blacksmiths— Frank Frischemeyer, Joseph Franke. 
 
 Sotel — John Biermann. 
 
 A coal shaft, operated by the St. Libory Coal company, is among 
 its industries. It has a depth of 186 feet ; is operated by horse 
 power ; employs three men, and has a capacity for turning out 300 
 bushels per day. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 H-V- 
 
 -V+-. 
 
 CONRAD D. HAUSMANN 
 
 Was born in Hanover, Germany, December 8th, 1840. His father 
 ■was for many years a teacher in Catholic schools in his native'land. 
 His mother's maiden name was Catharine Sutmiieller. His parents 
 emigrated to America when he was a mere child, so youpg {hat he 
 recollects nothing of the sea voyage, nor does he distinctly remem- 
 ber his parents, as his mother died shortly after their arrival in St. 
 Louis, and his father, Matthias Hausmann, survived her bufa year 
 or two. Thus he was left an orphan and through the kindness of 
 friends, was placed in the Orphan Asylum, a Catholic institution in 
 St. Louis. After remaining there two or three years he ran away 
 and took up his home with Bennet Somer, who ktpt a boarding 
 house and store opposite south market.- Ecmained with Somer 
 about two years, when he was bound over by the clergy to a -.Mr. 
 Garretson, a saddle tree maker. Mr. Garretson had been a teacher 
 in Germany, hence he found himself in goodT»ha^s.„ Here. he re- 
 mained until he was twenty two years of age. .. During this time he 
 acquireli a good practical business education, and a knowledge, of 
 men which has proved of great service to him. He, mastered the 
 saddlery and harness manufacturing business, and for a time in its 
 prosecution was associated with P. J. Peters, subsequently with,. 
 Thornton Grimsby. In the latter part of the war he entered into 
 a speculation in Arkansas, purchasing goods in St. Louis in bulk, 
 taking them to the front where he disposed of his wares to sutlers. 
 He next became an agent for the Great Republic Life Insurance 
 company in whose employ he remained but about four months, 
 whereupon he became salesman for Shaefer & Co., corner Main and 
 Chestnut streets, engaged in wholesale saddlery. Whilst in this 
 employ he was singled out, because of his fitness for the work, as 
 af signee of Peter Feltmen & Co., wholesale liquor merchants which 
 business he closed to the complete satisfaction of all concerned, 
 within a year. In 1868 he determined on a change of location, 
 with a view to pursuing his trade of saddlery and harness making, 
 and located in St. Libory, where he has since resided. Being of an 
 active temperament he has combined with his regular trade various 
 pursuits. Handled agricultural implements for four years ; was 
 elected Justice of the Peace in 1873, which office he has held ever 
 frince ; was appointed ass-ignee of the St. Libory mill company in 
 1877; was treasurer for his township for three years. So that he 
 has been more than ordinarily active in a business sense. He was 
 one of the projectors of the St. Libory coal mining company and 
 was for a time its president. No undertaking in his vicinity calcu- 
 lated to promote its welfare has ever been set on foot whlph has not 
 found in him a friend and abettor. He was united in marriage to 
 Catharine Deirkcr, October 7th, 1869, by whom he has had four 
 370 
 
 children, two of whom, Caroline and Ida, are living, and two are 
 deftd Politically, Mr. Hausmann is a sterling democrat, and cast his 
 first vgte;.fbr General McClellan, for President. He and his wife 
 are communicants of the Catholic church. As a prompt, energetic 
 business man ; as a fiiend of progress no man in the vicinity of St. 
 Libory deserves more honorable mention than Conrad D. Hausmann. 
 
 *. GEORGE M. ECKERT. 
 
 No citizen of Darmstadt deserves better mention than George M. 
 Eckert. He was born in Dietzenbach, Germany, Oct. 5th, 1827. 
 JHia- parents, John George and Anna M. Eckert, came to America 
 and located in St. Clair county in 1837. His father had been an 
 inn keeper and farmer in the old country, and still pursued the 
 latter calling in this. 
 
 George M. Eckert was-trained in the common schools, enjoying 
 for a brief , time Ihe advantages of better schools of the same class 
 at Venedy." He was "married to Regina- Voskamp, June 7th, 1853, 
 by whom he has six children living, and three dead. The names 
 of the living are Henry G., Charlotte, Hermann, Regina, Martin 
 
 -and Louis. Mary, George and Martin are dead. He commenced 
 mining jyhece he now is in 1864. Had ran a horse-power saw mill 
 frohi 1854 to 1859, then a steam saw mill until 1864, when the pre- 
 sent grist mill was built. He has served as post-master for seven- 
 teen years. Is a consistent, unswerving, uncompromising republican. 
 Cast his first vote for John C. Fremont, for president, in 1856. His 
 son, Henry G., was secretary of the Darmstadt Garfield club last 
 fall. He (Henry G) was married to Clara Schoen, Nov. 14, 1879, 
 near Pierce City, Mo. Mr. Eckert is an active member of the Lu- 
 theran church. Bvery improvement conducive to the upbuilding 
 and development of his vicinity finds in him a friend and advocate. 
 No man stands higher in the estimation of his fellows than he. 
 
 J. REITH. 
 
 In the enjoyment of a monopoly in his line, that of general mer- 
 chandise, in the village of Darmstadt, is J. Reith. His business 
 i» quite extensive and remunerative. He was born in Nassau, 
 Germany, May 14th, 1835. His parents were J. Reith, Senior, 
 and Catharine. His father, a tailor in the old country, came to 
 America, landing first in New Orleans, thence to St. Louis, Mo. , 
 where he pursued his business in 1864. In 1857 he came to St. 
 Clair county. The subject of this sketch followed the same busi- 
 ness for years, and still takes a turn upon the bench when occasion 
 requires. He volunteered in company B, 43d Illinois regiment, as 
 
HENRY RUTTER, (deceased.) 
 
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
 
 371 
 
 a private, in the early days of the war in 1861, in the three month's 
 service, re-enlisted in the service at Cairo in the 9th Illinois, then 
 again in company H, 149th Illinois, where he was elected 2d lieu- 
 tenant. In all he served nearly five years with honor to himself. 
 Although in many hard fought battles he never received a wound. 
 He was married to Catharine Massann in 1868, by whom he has 
 one child, a daughter, named Elizabeth. Politically he is an 
 ardent republican. His first ballot was cast for Lincoln ; he has 
 ever remained true to the republican faith. In business he is cor- 
 rect and straightforward. By his course he has endeared to him- 
 self his numerous patrons, and built up a fine custom which is 
 constantly increasing. 
 
 DR. F. X. FISCHER, 
 "Was born in Basle, Switzerland, March 29th, 1839. His parents 
 were Franz Joseph and Elizabeth Fischer. His father practiced 
 law for about forty years in Basle. An earnest, faithful barrister, 
 he won for himself great esteem. Dr. Fischer came to America in 
 1866, landing in New York city, then went to St. Louis, where he cast 
 about him for a location, and found it at Du Quoin, Ills., where 
 he practiced, about two and a half years. From there he went 
 to Lincoln, Ills, where he remained a year, moving again to St. 
 Libory, where he remained until 1880, when he removed to 
 Darmstadt, where he still resides. A view of his residence 
 appears elsewhere in this volume. The doctor opened a drug 
 store in St. Libory in 1876, which he still owns and manages- 
 He received his medical education in the Universities of 
 Basle and Zurich. Graduated at Zurich in March, 1857. Prac- 
 tised his profession in his native village until he determined on 
 
 coming to America. He came here prompted by a desire to en- 
 large his sphere of usefulnesss, and to find a better chance in 
 the prosecution of his profession. In the practice of medicine he 
 belongs to that large class of progressive physicians who believe 
 that too many drugs are administered— that nature instead of being 
 aided— the true province of the physician — is hindered in her work 
 of eliminating disease from human system?. He is independent in 
 his convictions, and equally so in their expression. His ability 
 finds recognition in a widS-spread, arduous and lucrative practice. 
 His skill is unquestioned. He was united in marriage to Helena 
 Wagner, in the Catholic church at St. Libory, by the Rev. Father 
 Frederick Chmelicek, August 13th, 1873. By this union there are 
 three bright boys. Otto, Leo, and Louis. His wife was born in 
 Posen, Prussia, in 1857, yet her nationality is Polish. She came to 
 America in 1871. Politically, the Doctor has identified himself 
 with the democratic party, believing its principles to be right. He 
 was naturalized in Belleville, in 1874, and in 1876 cast his first bal- 
 lot for President. Contrasting the institutions of this country with 
 those of his native land (Switzerland), he says there is no great su- 
 periority in America's republicanism over that of his native land ; 
 that in the adaptation of practice to principles, Switzerland is in 
 the ascendant. There is quite a similarity in form of government, 
 but greater harmony there than here. Ofiice he never wanted, but 
 his say in politics he will have. He and his family are members 
 of the Catholic church. Although in the enjoyment of a large 
 practice, the Doctor finds time for literature, for which he has ex- 
 cellent taste, as his selections of authors testify. The classics of ' 
 University days are not laid entirely away, but serve to while away 
 a happy hour. A skilled physician, a kind neighbor, a man of 
 generous impulse, he enjoys a wide, and constantly widening circle 
 of friends. 
 
PARTIAL LIST OF PATEONS. 
 
 CITY OF KELLKVILLE. 
 
 KAME. 
 
 Abend, Edward 
 
 Andel, Adolph 
 
 Andel, C. 
 
 Atzinger, Melchior 
 
 Affleck, James 
 
 Aberer, Emil 
 
 Ames, Owen 
 
 Anderson, W. M. 
 
 Appel, Ph. 
 f Andel, C. W. 
 I Lena Burgdoflf 
 
 Becker, Charles 
 
 Bosoh, Theodore 
 
 Brueck, Anthony 
 
 Barnickol, John 
 
 Badgley, A. G. 
 
 Brockhaus, George "W- 
 
 Bartel, Louis 
 
 Barnickol, Peter 
 
 Boucher, L. T. 
 
 Bischof, Jacob, Jr. 
 
 Beshore, J. Ed. 
 
 Brenner, John A. 
 
 Brosiu9, Jacob 
 f Busiek, Henry, Jr. 
 l Rusiek, Henry, Sr. 
 
 Boerner, Franklin 
 
 Beyer, Joseph 
 
 Brenner, Jacob 
 
 Benedick, F. A. 
 
 Bethmann, Robert 
 
 Buesoh, Mathias 
 
 Bieser, Adam 
 
 Brackett, George W. 
 
 Brunck, Joseph 
 
 Beshore, Fred. W. 
 
 Brosius, John 
 
 Beatty, J. 
 
 Bode, P. J. 
 
 Borrenkatt, A. 
 
 Brandt, A. R. 
 
 Brduch, William 
 f Bang, Anna 
 \ Bang, William 
 
 Baumann, (t. F. 
 
 Challenor, H. K. [eline 
 
 Chandler, nee La^roix, Ad 
 
 Cam field, C. H. 
 
 Coerrer, .lacnb 
 
 Clancy, P. H. 
 
 Corrington, H. K. 
 
 Courar, John 
 
 Cochrane. Thomas M. 
 
 Croiicli, William T. 
 f Clark, Nanoy 
 \ Clark, David 
 
 Dill, James M. 
 
 Daab, Frederick 
 
 Datrson, A. L. 
 
 Bavis, Sarah B. nee Harris 
 
 DobsoluUz, Moritz, J, 
 
 Davis, Phil. F. 
 
 Dietz, Joseph 
 
 Dagne, Adam 
 
 Dorn, Joseph 
 
 {Denlinger, William 
 A B. Russell 
 Dake, C. R. 
 Dapprich, E. 
 Deidesheimer, H. 
 Eliret, Henry 
 Engler, Geor3;e 
 Kckert, T. W. 
 Eckhardt, William, Jr. 
 Fietaam, Sebastian 
 Fleisohbein, T. O. 
 Pleischbein, Adol ph G. 
 Fleischbein, C. P. 
 Fleming, E. H. 
 Feickert, William 
 Fischer, George 
 Funk, C. .J. 
 Fernau, August 
 
 PLACE o» BUSINESS 
 
 Main Street 
 W. 8. Pub. Square 
 S. s. " 
 
 Cor.8thS.& Abend 
 Centerville Road 
 East Main Street 
 Sycamore Street 
 Ist South Street 
 Illinois &R.B. St. 
 Belleville, E.Main St 
 
 u It 
 
 Res. — Spring St. 
 Gor.Riclil'd&5thS 
 Illinois Street 
 Main street 
 Academy of Music 
 Thomas House 
 W. Main street 
 Main Street 
 Academy of Music 
 West Main street 
 Illinois street 
 Cor. 1st N.& 111. St 
 E. Main street 
 Cr.2d N.& Charles 
 
 Cr.3dN.& Walnut 
 Richland street 
 
 Cor. Illin. & 3d N. 
 Res.— Illinois St 
 East Main street 
 E. Main street. 
 
 No. 26LL Oaiuble Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Main street 
 South R ice street 
 East Main street 
 Race street 
 5th South street 
 Main street 
 N. s. Pub. Square 
 Short street 
 National Hotel 
 Died Oct. 27, 1880 
 We-st Main .street 
 S.W.Cor. Pub. Sq. 
 I Uinois street 
 Jack.son street 
 Illinois street 
 Ist North 
 Illinois street 
 West Main street 
 Cor. High & 1st S. 
 Cor. Main & High 
 liit S.jE.of Masoontah 
 Died Feb. 18, 1870 
 \cad.of Mus.B'l'g 
 Cairo S. L. Office 
 Res. — Jackson st. 
 High street 
 E.s. Public Square 
 3d South street 
 Richland street 
 Cor. 31 & Race st 
 Illinois street 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 South Illinois st 
 
 Souih Jack-ion st 
 
 East Main street 
 
 Oor.Ma^ooutah &2d9 
 
 1-it Sjuth Birset 
 
 I llinoi< street 
 
 West Main street 
 
 ■S. W. cor. Pub. Sq 
 
 Court House 
 (I It 
 
 \cad.ofMns.B'J'g 
 lackson street 
 y.s.Pu'ilio Square 
 S'inth Rice street 
 Main street 
 West Main street 
 
 Pres. Belleville Sav.Bank 
 
 Prop. National Hotel 
 
 Cash. 1st National Rank 
 
 Foreman Cooper Shop 
 
 Pattern Maker 
 
 Saloon 
 
 Sewing Machine Agent 
 
 Stock Dealer 
 
 Blacksmithing 
 
 Wholesale Liquor Dealer 
 
 WiteofCW. Andel 
 
 Ex. Circuit Clerk 
 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 
 Prop. Court Hall Saloon 
 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 
 General Insurance Agent 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 Wholesale Liquor Dealer 
 
 Saloon and Restaurant , 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 Butcher 
 
 Proprietor Pearl Saloon 
 
 Prop. City Hall Exchange 
 
 Proprietor Oil Works 
 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 
 Carp'ter 4 Build'r & Alderm'n 
 
 Grocer 
 
 Carriage & Wagon Maker 
 
 Contractor & Brick Mason 
 
 Prop. Benedick House 
 
 Agent Star Brewery 
 
 Prop. Hotel and Saloon 
 
 Harness and Saddlery 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Nailor 
 
 Belleville Oil Works 
 
 Farmer and Miner 
 
 Machinist [fiiq. House 
 
 Salesman Barlell's Whole. 
 
 Prop. Gents' Furn. House 
 
 Market Master 
 
 Retired 
 
 Late husb. of Anna Bang 
 
 Baker and Confectioner 
 
 Police Mag. & Atty at Law 
 
 Retired 
 
 Cotton Broker 
 
 Policeman 
 
 Engineer 
 
 Telegraph Operator [Sil. 
 
 Dlr. in Boots & Shoe-! and 
 
 General .Manager Fairbaaka' dewing 
 MachiaoB 
 
 Photographer 
 
 Retired 
 
 Late husb. Nancy Clark 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 Ticket Agent 
 
 County Jailor 
 
 Ratired 
 
 R3al Estate Agent 
 
 Harrison M-tchine Works 
 
 Groceries, Queans ware,&c 
 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 
 Prop. Hotel and Saloon 
 
 Publisher Djmocrat 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Physician and S'lrgeon 
 Principal FranklinSchool 
 General Merchant 
 Pioprieter of S.iloon 
 Butcher [publican 
 
 pjlitor and Publisher lie- 
 Dry Goods and Grocerie* 
 Notary Pahlii and Abstractor 
 .\ssistant Clerk 
 Deputy Sheritr 
 Insurance Agent 
 Ex. Sheriff 
 Druggist 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 
 OroC'T, OonfectlODOr and Sewing .Ma- 
 chine Agent 
 
 Tobacconist 
 
 Germany 
 
 [Ger. 
 Rhenish Hesse, 
 Switzerland 
 Tenn. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Rhein Prussia 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Hamilton Co. O 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Saxony. Ger. 
 
 Wash'gt'nCo.Il. 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Ohio Co.W.Va 
 
 steamer Atlantic, iHa$. 
 River 
 
 Nassau, Germany 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Prussia, Ger. 
 Wisconsin 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 Lorraine, Ger. 
 Prussia 
 
 XI 
 
 .III, 
 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 Ireland 
 Germany 
 R!iein Prussia 
 Germany 
 Baden, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 
 Randolph Co.Il 
 
 Peoria, 111. 
 
 Riohmo'dCo.Ga 
 
 Rhein,Bav.,Ger 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 Marion Co. Ill 
 
 Prussia 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Preble Co. Ohio 
 
 Hease Darmatadt, Qer 
 many 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 N.London Co.Ct 
 
 Prmsia 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Nassau. Ger. 
 
 lihein Pfaltz.Gr 
 
 Baden, Ger. 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 Belleville, 111. 
 tt tt 
 
 Kaskaakia, 111. 
 Hamburg, Ger. 
 Rhein PfaUz,Gr 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 II esse Ca-isel,G 
 
 33 
 
 60 
 
 59 
 
 54 
 
 17 
 
 56 
 
 41 
 
 37 
 
 50 
 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 51 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 42 
 
 28 
 
 64 
 
 52 
 
 43 
 
 80 
 
 55 
 
 76 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 
 54 
 
 54I 
 
 66 
 
 45 
 
 33 
 
 51 
 
 67 
 
 72 
 
 53 
 
 33 
 
 55 
 
 70 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 63 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 54 
 
 44' 
 
 73 
 
 51 
 
 44 
 
 11 
 
 73 
 
 53 
 
 78 
 
 68 
 
 65 
 
 78 
 
 67 
 
 36 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 53 
 
 52 
 
 19 
 
 55 
 
 40 
 
 53 
 
 37' 
 
 46 
 
 63' 
 
 62 
 
 73 
 
 75' 
 
 5o: 
 
 16 
 60 
 53 
 60 
 19 
 55 
 47 
 10 
 33 
 50 
 50 
 51 
 4G 
 
 CUT OF BELLBVILLB.— [Continued.] 
 
 Fuess, Joseph 
 Feickert, Christian 
 Gross, John 
 Guentz, Henry 
 Graner, Louis 
 Gundlach, Henry 
 Gaylord, G. W. 
 Gooding, Abram 
 Griinewald, Joseph 
 Glaser, Charles M. 
 Horack, J. W. 
 Huhn, Henry 
 Hay, John B. 
 Hughes, James W. 
 Halbert, B. A. 
 / Hartnagel, H. A. 
 \ Harrison, C. W. 
 Heinfelden, Curt 
 Holder, R. D. W. 
 
 Huggins, J. N. 
 
 Hill, W. G. 
 
 Hance, W. F. 
 
 Hamill, J. M./ 
 
 Hilgard, C. Wf 
 
 Hinssen, Rev. Louis 
 
 Harrison, Theophilus 
 
 Hartman, M. R. 
 
 Hartman, B. 
 
 Hilgard, Ernst 
 
 Huff, William B. 
 
 Hinckley, Russell 
 
 Hughes, Isab. nee Myers 
 
 Hauck, Julius 
 
 Heidorn, H. W. 
 ( Holdener, W. 
 \ J. B. Tenner 
 ( Herzler, J . 
 
 Heinrich, Oscar 
 
 Hoerr, Jacob 
 
 Helfrich, Jacob 
 
 Hoffmann, John 
 
 Heinzelman, John 
 
 Helnzelman, William 
 
 Hilgard, G. F. 
 
 Hughes, R. T. 
 
 Hansin?, Adolph 
 
 Herr, Franz 
 
 Hrty, .Tames M. 
 
 Hinneman, H. A. 
 
 Ibbotsou, Thomas 
 
 Ibbotson, S. 
 
 Jseger, Fred. 
 
 Jerome, Mary, Sr. 
 
 Jacobs, V. 
 
 {Johnson, M. Belle 
 Johnson, Benjamin 
 Luoinda Hahner 
 
 Kueffner, William C. 
 
 Koerner, G. 
 
 Kaercher, Peter J. 
 
 Kraffl, Theodore J. 
 
 Kempff, William W. 
 
 Kersting, Rjv. A. 
 
 Koska, J, C. 
 
 Knoebel, Fritz 
 
 Kohl, Julius 
 
 Kircher, Henrv A. 
 
 Klotzbach, A. T. 
 
 Krisner, Henry N. 
 
 Kretschmer, Fred. 
 
 King, August 
 
 Kissel, Andreas 
 
 Krisner, Louis P. 
 
 Kissel, John 
 
 Knebeikamp, Christ 
 
 Kloess, John 
 
 Krebs, Martin 
 
 Kaiib, B. J. 
 
 Kaysing, Otto 
 
 Koerner, G. A. 
 
 Kaiser, Theo. 
 f Karlesliud, Barbara 
 I Karleslin I, D. 
 
 PLAC. OP BUSINESS 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Cor.High&lstSo, 
 
 Illinois street 
 
 Court House 
 
 Cr.Main & Jacks'n 
 
 Res. — East Main 
 
 North Richland 
 
 West Main street 
 
 Belleville,BeIlev'e 
 
 S. s. Public Square 
 
 S. 8. Illinois street 
 
 8 W. cor. Pub. Sq. 
 
 Charles street 
 
 Acad.of Mus.B'd'g 
 
 Cr.Main &High sts 
 tt 1? 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 1st N. & Church St Dry Goods Merchant 
 
 N.W.cor.Pub.Sq. 
 
 Court House 
 
 Acad.ofMus.B'd'g 
 
 Walnut street 
 
 Belleville House 
 
 Acad.of Mus.B'd'g 
 
 Cor. High & Main 
 
 3d South street 
 
 3d South street 
 
 N.E.cor.Pub. Sq 
 
 Belleville, N. Belleville 
 
 East Main street 
 tt It 
 
 N. s. Pub. Square 
 
 Res. — Jack.son et. 
 
 N. s. Pub. Square 
 it \i 
 
 Illinois street 
 
 Baker and Confectioner 
 
 Proprietor of Livery 
 
 J. P. & Fire Insurance Agt, 
 
 County Surveyor 
 
 Grocer 
 
 Iron Founder 
 
 Tile Manufacturer 
 
 Gunsmith and Hardware 
 
 HatB, Caps, and Oenta' t^urniaiiing 
 Goods 
 
 Proprietorof Belleville House 
 Editor Stern 
 Attorney at Law 
 Real Estate 
 Attorney at Law 
 Druggist 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Editor Belleville Zeitung 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 City Alderman 
 
 Livery, Feed & Sale Stable 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 Insurance Agent 
 
 Pastor St. Peter's Church 
 
 Prop. Harrison Mach. Works 
 
 Dlr. in Agricultural Imp. 
 
 One of the Props. Star Brewery 
 
 Dry Goods & Carpet Dlr. 
 
 Boot and Shoe Dealer 
 
 Banker 
 
 lletired 
 
 Printer 
 
 Cl'k with West & Brandt 
 
 South Illinois st. 
 Illinois street 
 West Main 
 .^lascoutah street 
 Cor. Jackson & 2d N 
 
 Washington Co.lll 
 Germany 
 Lorraine,Franc. 
 Dresden, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 tt ,1 
 
 Lee Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Germany 
 Si. Clair Co. III. 
 Moscow, Russia 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Belleville, 111. 
 
 « tt 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 Proprietor Livery and UadertalEiiig 
 Stables 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Jefferson Co. Ill 
 
 St. Clair Co. " 
 
 II II 
 
 New York 
 Ireland 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Rheinish Prns.,Gr 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 Berks Co. Pa. 
 Hanover. Ger. 
 St. Chair Co. III. 
 
 J Lumber Dealer 
 Tinsmith & Stove Dealer 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Butcher 
 Carriage Manufacturer 
 
 Jackson street Surveyor 
 Charles street Painter 
 
 Illinois street Commercial Agent Stern 
 West Main street Butcher 
 1st South street .'\^ltorney at Law 
 Belleville, Belleville Butcher 
 Race & 7th S. st. |Sec. Pump & Skein Works 
 " " .\ccountant " Works 
 
 Court House Dsputy County Clerk 
 
 3d South street Mother Superior 
 Charles street Architect and Builder 
 Thomas House Retired 
 Died April 6, 1862 Fath'rofM Belle Johnson 
 
 Died 
 
 Illinois sti-eet 
 
 Main street 
 II II 
 
 N. E. cor. Pub. Sq. 
 
 Main street 
 
 3d South street 
 
 East Main street 
 
 West Main street 
 
 E. s. Pub. Square 
 
 West Main street 
 
 Charles street 
 
 Cr.Richland&2dS 
 
 Res.— N. Richl'nd 
 
 N. s. Pub. Square 
 
 Illinois street 
 
 Ist S. & Race sts. 
 It II 
 
 .4.bend street 
 Richland street 
 City Park 
 Ea^'t Main 
 2d North street 
 East Main street 
 R»s. Richl'd & 2d N. 
 West Main street 
 
 Wife of Benjamin Johnson 
 .Attorney at Law 
 
 Saloon and Restaurant 
 Attorney at Law 
 Druggi.^t 
 
 Past. St. Patrick's Church 
 General Merchant 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Druggist 
 
 Hardware & Agr'l Imp'ts 
 Lumber Dealer 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 .\lderman, 3d Ward 
 Cl'k with We4 & Brandt 
 Blaclcsmith & Aid. 2a W. 
 Boot and Shoe Dealer 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Contractor and Builder' 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 .\gent Theater and Saloon 
 Tin and Stoves 
 Policeman 
 Attorney at Law 
 Teacher of Gymnastics 
 Retired 
 
 Died Sept. 25, 1360 Iluib. Barbara Karleslind 
 
 Missouri 
 .St. Clair Co. 
 Switzerland 
 
 111, 
 
 Rhein Pfaltz.Gr 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 Germany 
 II 
 
 Cincinnati.Ohio 
 
 ■I i( 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Wi.aconsin 
 
 Germany 
 
 II 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 New York 
 II 
 
 Cologne, Ger. 
 .illegh'nyCo.Pa 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Bond Co. 111. 
 Kentucky 
 
 M •chlenb'rg.Gr 
 
 Fr tnkrort on ihe Main, 
 Germany f Ger. 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, 
 Bavaria, Ger, 
 Germany 
 Westphalia, Ger 
 Prussia [Ger. 
 Rheinish Bava., 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 Cass Co. HI. [G 
 llesse Darm.ot^dt 
 .St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Hease Darmstadt, Ger 
 nianv 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 IlcBse Darmstadt, Ger 
 manj 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. [Gr 
 I-Ies.se Darmsi'di 
 Prussia 
 Germany 
 Berlin, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 44 
 43 
 61 
 47 
 53 
 54 
 73 
 30 
 60 
 46 
 72 
 54 
 34 
 26 
 41 
 51 
 54 
 79 
 57 
 
 56 
 
 43 
 
 75 
 
 53 
 
 51, 
 
 70 
 
 31 
 
 67 
 
 64 
 
 45 
 
 52 
 
 21 
 
 13 
 
 47 
 
 58 
 
 47 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 53 
 
 40 
 
 64 
 
 oS 
 
 57 
 
 57 
 
 35 
 
 78 
 
 62 
 
 52 
 
 37 
 
 64 
 
 71 
 
 77 
 
 71 
 
 59 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 
 Germany 
 II 
 
 France 
 
 61 
 33 
 59 
 33 
 48 
 78 
 52 
 52 
 .53 
 48 
 46 
 56 
 63 
 46 
 52 
 48 
 64 
 52 
 63 
 76 
 50 
 40 
 45 
 78 
 37 
 32 
 
CITY OF BKLL-EVlLiIiE.— [Continued.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 PLAC. OF BUSINESS 
 
 Kissel, Barth 
 f Krost, M. E. 
 \ Anna, Nebel 
 Lunkel, Fred. 
 Lavaux, Victor 
 Lebkuecher, L. 
 Lengfelder, B. 
 Lind, Charles 
 Loelkes, George 
 Lougeay, S. M. 
 Liese, Julius 
 f Lorejr, Philippina 
 1 Lorey, William, 
 Metschan, Franz F. 
 Millitzer, Henry A. 
 McQuilkin, James 
 
 MeConaughy, F. A 
 
 Moore, L. W. 
 
 Miller, A. F. 
 
 MoCullough, J. W. 
 
 Morrison, William E. 
 
 Monk, C. A. 
 
 Merch, Charles, Jr. 
 
 Maule, John 
 
 Mueller, L. 
 
 Moeher, Wollrath 
 f Merz, Philip 
 ■j Catharine Stein 
 ( Catharine Weithmann 
 
 Meyer, Jacob 
 
 Merker, G. W. 
 
 Morgenstejn, Jacob 
 
 Mueller, Michael 
 
 McCarthey, Timothy J. 
 f Meyer, Carl 
 \ Lydia Weibel 
 ( Mueller, Theresa J. 
 J Sebastian Hoefling 
 ( Mueller, John J. 
 
 Maus, William 
 f Merz, John 
 \ Ann Kleibacker 
 
 Needles, H. M. 
 
 Noetlin?, C. F. 
 
 Neely, Harrison 
 
 Neighbors, Cassius 
 
 Neighborx, Josephine 
 
 Obst, Fred. 
 
 Opp, Henry 
 
 Pl'effer, Sebastian 
 
 Pannell, A. 
 
 Pieper, F. H. 
 
 Ferryman, James L. 
 
 Perrin, J. N. 
 
 Prieatcr, F. M. 
 
 Phillips, Fred. B. 
 
 Pannier, Ernst 
 
 Pitthan, Louis 
 
 Primm, A. T. 
 
 Puderer, Frank W. 
 
 Quick, Thomas 
 
 Reinecke, C. 
 
 Bnbach, Fenlinand 
 
 Eopiequet, Fred. 
 
 Eutz, Ed. 
 
 Rhein, Philip 
 
 Rainey, Jeff'. 
 
 Runde, Guptav A. 
 
 {Reis, Michael 
 Reia, Henry 
 
 Rentchler, J. B. 
 
 Einck, John 
 
 Eenner, Michael 
 
 Eoediger, H. 
 
 Engers, Robert 
 
 Ribling, Henrv 
 
 Romeiser, P. M. 
 
 Rogland, John 
 
 Reis. Michael 
 
 Raab, Henry 
 
 Reis, Valentine 
 
 Rhein, Valentine 
 r Rudolph, Eosine 
 \ Rudolph, Adolph 
 j Rayhill, Charles 
 t Charita J. Fike 
 
 Rodemeyer, George 
 
 Rider, E. H. 
 
 Scheel, Fred. E. 
 
 Stauder, Peter 
 
 West Main street 
 Elmer's Hall 
 
 C.H.,cr.Ch.&5th 
 High street 
 West Main street 
 East Main street 
 
 Marble Works Germany 
 
 Reiired Capitalist Germany 
 
 Wife of M. E. Krost 
 Deputy Asse.ssor 
 Confectioner & Fruit Dlr. 
 Dlr in Stoves, Tinware, &c. 
 
 Res., S. Church st. 
 East Main street 
 N.W.,cor.Piib.Sq 
 Died May 19, 1869 
 South Illinois st, 
 Post Office 
 Court House 
 Academy of Miisic 
 Mascoutah street 
 Cr.Highst.&Main 
 Illinois street 
 Waterloo, Waterloo 
 East Main street 
 West Main 
 Richland street 
 Mascoutah street 
 
 S. Illinois street 
 
 Died Jan. 5, 1849 
 
 S. Illinois St. 
 
 West Main st. 
 
 2d North 
 
 West Main st. 
 
 Res., Church st. 
 
 7th South St. 
 
 Abend street 
 << « 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Ixt South, bet. Spring and 
 
 Rlcbland Bts. 
 Died March 7th, 1868 
 Died May M, '76 
 North High street 
 
 South Illinois st. 
 
 it ti 
 
 Academy of Music 
 
 Cairo Short Line Dep 
 
 High street 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Illinois street 
 
 W. Main street 
 
 ■2d South street 
 
 Cr.Walnut&4thN 
 
 C. H., High street 
 
 CriMain & Highsts 
 
 Academy of Music 
 
 High street . 
 
 Illinois street 
 << <( 
 
 West Main " 
 East Main '■ 
 Ea,st Main street 
 Illinois street 
 Belleville, Belleville 
 East Main street 
 Court House 
 Springfield, III. 
 Court House 
 Res., Charles St. 
 West Main street 
 
 2d J^ortb street 
 
 3d South .street 
 
 Wtst Main street 
 i( tt 
 
 Or.ZdN. & Charles ats! 
 Richland street 
 East Main 
 Court House 
 West Main 
 Resl, High street 
 Sonih 2J street 
 High street 
 West Main street 
 Died Nov. 5th '75 
 
 Mascoutah street 
 (1 << 
 
 Res., Mascoutah st 
 Belleville 
 Illinois street 
 Richland street 
 
 Dry Good.< Merchant 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Nailor 
 
 Lumber Dealer 
 
 Retired [Lorey 
 
 Late husband Philippina 
 
 Man. Belleville Print. Co 
 
 Post Master 
 
 Co. School Superintendent 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 D. S. Ganger [Ins. Agt 
 
 Deputy U. S. Col. & Gen. 
 
 City Clerk [District 
 
 Member of jCongress, 19th 
 
 Dlr. in Agricultural Impl 
 
 Confectioner and Baker 
 
 Proprietor Coal Mines 
 
 Blacksmith 
 
 " [smith 
 
 Wagon Maker'and Black- 
 First wife of Philip Merz 
 Present " ' 
 
 Clothier and Gents' Fur- 
 Constable [nishing Goods 
 Farmer and Saloon 
 Retired Farmer 
 Heater 
 Retired 
 
 Wife of Carl Meyer 
 Retired 
 
 First husb. of T J. Mueller 
 Late " " 
 
 Retired 
 Grocer 
 
 Wife of John Merz 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 llesseCassel, Gr 
 France 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 
 HesHe Dat'msliidt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Soaih Germany 
 Nassau, Ger 
 AUegh'nyCo.Pa 
 Germanv 
 
 Watchman 
 Policeman [House 
 
 Proprietress Hin c k 1 e y 
 Constable and Collector 
 Plow Manufacturer 
 Sewing Machine Factory 
 Grocer 
 
 County Judge 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Atty at Law & Repre'tive 
 Merchant Tailor 
 Attorney at Law 
 Merchant Tailor 
 Dlr. in Books & Stationerv 
 " [lin 
 Clk with Koska & Wange- 
 Attorney at Law 
 Coal Operator 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Sherifr 
 
 State Treasurer 
 Deputy County Clerk 
 Farmer 
 Grocer 
 
 Lumber Dealer 
 (I 
 
 Manuf. of I. X. L. Drills 
 Foreman Harrison Ma- 
 Barber [chine Shop 
 Jeweler 
 
 Proprietor of Foundry 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Clothier 
 Deputy Sheriff 
 L;::iiber Dealer 
 Superintend't City Schools 
 Contractor and Builder 
 Merchant Tailor 
 Retired 
 
 Late husb. of E. Eudolph 
 Eetired Farmer 
 Wife (,f Charles Rayhill 
 Retired 
 Farmer 
 
 Master in Chancery 
 Contractor and Builder 
 
 CITY OF BELLEVILLE.— [Continued.] 
 
 PLAC. OP BUSINESS 
 
 Hesse Cassel, Gr 
 Germany 
 Philad'lphia,Pa 
 Lancaster Co.Pa 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 Wittemberg, Gr 
 Lincoln Co. Mo 
 Monroe Co. III. 
 Chenango, N.Y. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 Scotland 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Elsass, France 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Germany 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 Brown Co. 111. 
 
 Union Co. Pa. 
 
 Mecklenb'g,N.C 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Belleville, IlL 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Germany 
 It 
 
 Kent, England 
 Germany 
 Claiborne Co. Ten 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 M. Madrid Co Mo. 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Belleville, 111. 
 Germany- * - 
 Prussia "5 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Germany 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Randolph Co.IU 
 Na-ssau, Ger. 
 
 He3.se Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Union Co. Pa. 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 ti 
 
 Clinton Co. Ky. 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Prussia [Ger. 
 
 Hesse Darmsta't 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 
 66 
 53 
 53' 
 
 59, 
 72 
 S8 
 63, 
 67 
 
 68; 
 
 70 
 61 
 34 
 34 
 59, 
 63 
 60 
 61 
 75 
 68 
 52 
 
 64 
 37 
 54 
 60 
 65 
 39 
 42 
 48 
 61 
 42 
 44 
 33 
 62 
 55 
 58 
 58 
 49 
 54 
 40 
 39 
 39 
 54 
 56 
 64 
 45 
 49 
 58 
 50 
 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 n. 
 
 Snyder, William H. 
 Stookey, M. T. 
 
 Starkel, Louis C. 
 
 St Iberg, George H. 
 
 Stookey, L. P. 
 
 Spies, William 
 
 Seib, Charles F. 
 
 Saflfold, D. 
 / Sehanuel, Henry E. 
 I Sehanuel, John J. 
 
 Siefert, John H. 
 
 Schleth, Ad. 
 
 Staufenbiel, F. J. 
 
 Schmidt, John Jo. 
 
 Schaffer, John 
 
 Scheel, A. M. 
 
 Sunkel, Fred. 
 
 Sunkel, Louis 
 
 Stevenson, David 
 
 Scheske, A. 
 
 Schiller, Joseph 
 
 Schmall, Ernest 
 
 Stoelzle, Fidel 
 / Shellmann, Catherine 
 1 Shellmann, Joseph 
 
 Slander, J. A. 
 
 Stolze, Ignatius 
 
 Schuck, Ph. 
 
 Siefert, Capt. Wm. 
 
 Smith, J. W. 
 
 Schaeffler, F. T. 
 
 Schember, August 
 
 Scott, Felix _ 
 
 Semmler, Mich. 
 
 Schmitt, Henry 
 
 Schuessler, Geo. W. 
 
 Thomas, James H. 
 
 Turner, Don 
 
 Thomas, John 
 
 Thiele, William 
 
 Tenner, Antone 
 
 Tiemann, August 
 
 Thome, N. 
 f Taylor, J. T. 
 \ Rachel Forsythe 
 
 Thiele, August 
 
 UnderWood,W. J. [Smith 
 
 Underwood, Mrs. E. H. nee 
 
 Vierheller, Theodore 
 
 Viehmann, Henry 
 
 Weber, Hermann G. 
 
 Weir, Marshall W. 
 
 Williams, H. C. 
 
 Wilderman, A. S. 
 
 Wilkinson, M. W. 
 
 Wangelin, E. H. 
 
 Wehrle, Jo.seph 
 
 Weidmann, Christ 
 
 Wangelin, I. II. 
 
 Winkelman, William 
 
 Weisenbruch, Rudolph 
 
 Wangelin, Charles 
 
 Ward, W. E. 
 
 Willoughbv, J. A. 
 
 West, B. J., Jr. 
 
 White, William 
 
 Wangelin, Richard 
 
 Waugh, J. 
 
 West, Washington 
 
 Wagner. John W. 
 
 Wangelin, E. H. 
 
 Ziehnert, G. F. 
 
 Zahn, Justus 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 1st North street 
 
 C. H., Res , Sec. 30 
 ti tt 
 
 Court House 
 
 High street 
 tt i( 
 
 West Main street 
 
 East Main street 
 
 1st S.)Uth street 
 *( tt 
 
 SW.cor.Pub.Sq. 
 West Main 
 Court House 
 North Spring st. 
 Cr. 48 &Springsts, 
 N. s. Pub. Square 
 Cr. 8th S.& Abend 
 
 2d North 
 
 West Main 
 
 East Main street 
 
 West Main street 
 (( (( 
 
 Died July 22, 1866 
 Cor. W. Main & Race 
 Main street 
 S. E. cr. Public Sq 
 Re.^., Spring street 
 Ea.st Main street 
 Belleville House 
 Main & High sts 
 Cor. S. & Oak sis 
 Mascoutah street 
 West Main street 
 First North street 
 First South street 
 Main street 
 High street 
 Main street 
 Illinois st [coutah 
 Cor. Main & Mas- 
 West Main 
 Belleville 
 i< 
 
 " Belleville 
 Illinois street 
 Res., High street 
 West Main street 
 
 S. W. cr. Pub. Sq 
 
 1st North street 
 
 Academy of Music 
 
 West Main street 
 
 East Main street 
 (( tt 
 
 West Main street 
 (( ti 
 
 Illinois street 
 Illinois & 2d N. sts 
 Main street 
 Jackson street 
 Court House 
 N.s. Pub. Square 
 Res., South Ch'rch 
 Main street 
 1st South street 
 Cr- High &Main sts 
 National Hotel 
 East Main street 
 Richland street 
 High street 
 
 Circuit Judge 
 
 Co. Treasurer and Farmer 
 
 County Clerk 
 
 (Jircuit Clerk 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Painter 
 
 Tobacconist 
 
 Dentist 
 
 Carriage Manufacturer 
 .( tt 
 
 Constable and Collector 
 
 Grocer 
 
 Deputy Recorder 
 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 
 Boiler Maker 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Star Mills 
 it 
 
 Miller, Star Mills 
 Butcher 
 
 Manufacturer of Hats 
 Agricultural Imp't Dealer 
 Prop. St. Clair Brewery 
 Retired [maun 
 
 Late husband of C- Shell- 
 Prop. City Hotel [Works 
 Chief Eng. Brosius Heat'g 
 Wholesale Liquor Dealer 
 Retired [Monk Pump 
 Pump Dealer, Specialty 
 Hotel and Bar Clerk 
 Dealer in Boots and Shoes 
 Retired Farmer 
 Florist, German Garden 
 Boarding and Saloon 
 Deputy Circuit Clerk 
 Proprietor Advocate 
 Attorney at Law 
 State Senator, 49th Distr't 
 Dry Goods Merchant 
 Clerk Benedi(!t House 
 Prop. Hotel Tremain and 
 Prop, of Siloon [City Park 
 Coal Miner 
 Wife of J. T. Taylor _ 
 Groceries and Provisions, 
 Editor and Reporter 
 Retired [Saloon 
 
 Prop, of Wine and Beer 
 Tobacconist 
 Ex-Sherift 
 Attorney at Law 
 Proprietor Livery Stable 
 Atlorney at Law 
 Tobacconist 
 General Merchant 
 Jeweler [Notions, &c 
 Dry and Fancy Goods, 
 Grocer 
 
 .Attorney at Law [House 
 Prop. Heinrick's Opera 
 Merchant 
 Attorney at Law 
 Recorder of Deeds 
 Prop. Gents' Furni-hing 
 Nailor [Hou.se 
 
 Cash. Belleville Sav. Bank 
 Pres. Belleville Nail Co. 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Clerk National Hotel 
 General Merchant 
 Brick and Stone Dealer 
 Photographer 
 
 NATIVITY. S 
 
 St. Clair Co. 11. 
 
 it tt 
 
 Prague, Bohem. 
 Germany 
 St Clair Co. II. 
 Na.ssau, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 Liverpool, Eng. 
 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 
 It it 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Edinburg, Scot- 
 Prussia 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 it 
 
 Germany 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 it 
 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co. II. 
 Baden, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Germany 
 
 St. Louis, Mo- 
 st. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 ' tt 
 
 Wythe Co. Va. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Switzerland 
 Germany 
 
 '' [Pa. 
 
 Schuylkill Co' 
 St. Louis Co.Mo 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 South Carolina 
 Clinton Co. III. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Germany 
 
 it 
 
 Miss. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 tt 
 
 S^ Louis, Mo, 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Baden, Ger. 
 Nassau, Ger 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Minden, Prussia 
 Prus.'^ia 
 Ohio 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Addison Co. Vt. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Ireland 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 25 
 37 
 60 
 46 
 45 
 55 
 56 
 51 
 54 
 56 
 40 
 59 
 56 
 48 
 74 
 51 
 59 
 59 
 72 
 60 
 77 
 52 
 50 
 51 
 51 
 36 
 56 
 47 
 40 
 70 
 58 
 63 
 07 
 54 
 53 
 54 
 48 
 49 
 18 
 40 
 67 
 50 
 64 
 56 
 61 
 48 
 72 
 40 
 51 
 53 
 54 
 58 
 44 
 39 
 65 
 48 
 45 
 52 
 56 
 63 
 70 
 46 
 51 
 .55 
 46 
 70 
 45 
 68 
 47 
 57 
 48 
 54 
 09 
 
 WEST BELLEVILLE. 
 
 Biinsen, George C. 
 
 Brandenberger, Wm. 
 f Betts, Joseph E., Sr. 
 1 Mary M. Jaques 
 f Betts, Joseph E., Jr. 
 \ Florence Crowson 
 f Beaird, John 
 I .Tennette Fyfe 
 ( Beatty, Jamis 
 I Elizabeth Lard 
 j Emery, Joseph 
 \ Ann Parfltt 
 
 Main street 
 West Belleville 
 
 .Justice of the Peace 
 
 Coal Mine Operator 
 
 Miner 
 
 Wife of Jos. E. Betts, Sr. 
 
 Miner 
 
 Wife of Jos. E. Betts, Jr. 
 
 Coal Operator 
 
 Wife of John Baaird 
 
 Coal Operator 
 
 Wife of James Beatty 
 
 (-■oal Operator 
 
 Wife of Joseph Emery 
 
 Frankford, Ger. 
 E'russia 
 Warwick, Eng. 
 
 Madi.-(on Co. 111. 
 Ireland 
 Scotland 
 Ireland 
 
 Yorkshire, Eng. 
 Somersetshire, " 
 
 34 
 
 49 
 67 
 67 
 67 
 79 
 67 
 67 
 57 
 57 
 56 
 56 
 
WEST BELIiEVILLB.-CCoNTiNtJEn.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 J Emery, Mark P. 
 
 VSiirah Fropple 
 Gintz, Adam 
 Groom, Robert 
 Harding William 
 Jones, H. E. 
 Kloess, John- 
 Kohl, Joseph 
 Kircher, Fred. 
 Lorenzen, John 
 Listmayr, Anton F. 
 Pointon, George 
 Huebel, P. 
 f Bichard.s, George 
 
 \ "Margaret James 
 Schaefer, Philip 
 Thornbgrg, John 
 Weber, Philippe 
 Weissenborn, E. 
 Weissenborn, F. E. 
 f "Wild, Thomas 
 
 \ Mary Ann Johnson 
 
 EESIDENCE. 
 
 West Belleville 
 
 Main street 
 
 t( 
 
 West Belleville 
 ii 
 
 u 
 
 ll 
 
 f( 
 
 Main street 
 (( 
 
 It 
 
 >i 
 
 West Belleville 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Coal Miner 
 
 Wife of Mark P. Emery 
 Supt. Western Brewery Co 
 Eng. Brandenberger Min- 
 Coal Operator [ing Co 
 
 KDgineer Harding ftEmvr; tuaolog 
 tompany 
 
 Pres Western Brewery Co. 
 Sec. & Treas. " " 
 
 Retired 
 
 Grocer and Whnleinli dealer In Ride 
 and Blaatlog Powder 
 
 Physician and tiiirgeoa 
 
 Coal Operator 
 
 Butcher 
 
 Coal Operator 
 
 Wife of George Richards 
 
 CI' k Western Brewery Co. 
 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 
 Prop. Green Mound Mines 
 
 Gen. Merchant [& Saloon 
 
 Mem. Western Mining Co 
 
 Coal Miner 
 
 Wife of Thomas Wild 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Somersetsh'ejEng 68 
 
 72 
 
 Rhein Bava.,Gr "" 
 
 Staflfbrd, Eng. 
 England 
 Wales 
 
 Rhein Prussia 
 Rhein Pfaltz.Gr 
 Prussia, Ger. 
 Schleswig, Ger. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 England 
 Rhein Pfallz,Gr 
 
 liincolneh'e.Eng 64 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Carbondale, Pa, 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 Staffordsh'e,EDg 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1 KORTH, RANGE 8 WEST. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Bornman, L. C. 
 f Biebel, N. J. 
 I Magdaline Miller 
 f Bader, George S. 
 \ Augusta Hartnagel 
 ( Badgley, Alpheus 
 -j Emeline Little 
 (. Nancy Dixon 
 f Beaumont, John 
 \ Naomi Tempest 
 ( Becherer, Anton 
 \ Louise M. Fournie 
 / Bartlsmann, Casper 
 \ Burmann, Mary 
 f Brichler, John L. 
 \ Magdalena Muenie 
 
 Badgley, Henry L. 
 
 Braun, John 
 f Chenot, Augustus 
 I Elizabeth Boul 
 ( Doussard, J. R. 
 J Doussard, Lucien 
 ( Martha Bornman 
 — j Deana, Henry 
 \ Amelia Jeffs 
 f Fournie, Victor 
 \ Magdelina Boul 
 f Feder, John 
 \ Catherine Frettman 
 f Fournie, Svlvester 
 I Elizabeth Cully 
 / Fournie, Joseph 
 \ Louisa C. Feder 
 
 Puchs, Gustav E. 
 
 {Fournie, Jacob 
 Mary A. Boul 
 /Glenn,- William M. 
 \ Mary S. Leigh 
 f Hemmer, Anthony 
 \ Hattil Burdux 
 / Ha-slam, Joseph 
 1, Hir.-t, Mary A. 
 J Hirst, Thomas 
 \ Hannah Bodden 
 J Herr, Louis J. [lach 
 1 Herr.Maggieif.neeGund 
 f Izatt, William 
 t Mary Mathews 
 
 Kammerer, Fritz 
 f Kurtz, Jacob 
 t Catharine Faust 
 f Kraus, Joseph 
 \ Lydia Butz 
 f Kreilich, Francois 
 t Mary Schmisseur 
 
 Koelle, William 
 f Louis, John B. 
 1 Catharine Kern 
 J Louie, Frank 
 \ Josephine Glouy 
 J Lenz, August 
 \ Amelia Halbach 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died 
 
 Bel'eville 
 
 Birkner 
 
 Belleville 
 
 I( 
 
 3 
 
 .t 
 
 13 
 
 " 
 
 24 
 
 ll 
 
 24 
 
 it 
 
 31 
 
 ll 
 
 31 
 
 ll 
 
 31 
 
 Birkner 
 
 7 
 
 <> 
 
 
 Belleville 
 
 9 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Birkner 
 
 it 
 
 6 
 
 Belleville 
 
 24 
 
 u 
 
 24 
 
 Birkner 
 
 Birkn'r 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Sec. 5 
 
 <( 
 
 14 
 
 it 
 
 14 
 
 u 
 
 14 
 
 tt 
 
 14 
 
 W. Belleville 
 
 17 
 
 it 
 
 17 
 
 Birkner 
 
 6 
 
 Ctenient.Cli&ton 
 
 CllnfnOo 
 
 Co., 111. 
 
 LakeSc.3 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Sur. 480 
 Sec. 13 
 13 
 3ur. 373 
 373 
 Sec. 9 
 
 Sec. 9 
 7 
 7 
 
 16 
 16 
 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 
 Sec. 31 
 31| 
 
 10 
 lO' 
 
 31 
 3, 
 
 e! 
 
 6 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Sec. 8 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 tt If ii 
 
 Wife of N.J. Biebel 
 Farmer & Vet. Surgeon 
 Wife of Geo. S. Bader 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 First wife of A . Badgley 
 Present " " 
 
 Coal Operator 
 Wife of .John Beaumont 
 Farmer & Coal Operator 
 Wife of Anton Becherer 
 Farmer & Fruit Grower 
 Wife of C. Bartlsmann 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of J. L. Brichler 
 Farmer 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 U ll tt 
 
 Wife of Augustus Chenot 
 Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 Father of J. R. Doussard 
 -Mother " " 
 
 Coal Operator 
 Wife of Henry Deans 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Victor Fournie 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of John Feder 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Sylv'ter Fournie 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Joseph Fournie 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Jacob Fournie 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Wni. M. Glenn 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wifeof Anth'y Hemmer 
 Prop.Sal.&CoalOper'tor 
 Wife of Joseph Haslara 
 Coal Operator 
 Wife of Thomas Hirst 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Louis J. Herr 
 Part, in Pollock Min. Co 
 Wife of William Izatt 
 Farmer and Carpenter 
 Farmer & Fruit Grower 
 Wife of Jacob Kurlz 
 Farmer & Grape Grower 
 W ife of Jo.seph Kraus 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of F. Kreilich [ator 
 Mch't.P.M.&CoalOper 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of John B. Louis 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Frank Louis 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of August Lenz 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 PVance 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Tenn. 
 England 
 
 BufTalo, N. Y. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 u tt 
 
 Lorraine,Fr'nce 
 It ii 
 
 St.' Clair Co. 111. 
 
 " ". 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 ti ll 
 
 West Indies 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Scotland 
 
 England 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 (( ll 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Switzerland 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 It it 
 
 Lincoln Co.N.C 
 Allen Co., Ohio 
 St. Clair Co, 111. 
 
 li It 
 
 Lancashire, Kng 
 
 ti ii 
 
 England 
 
 it 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 If ii 
 
 Scotland 
 Wales 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 ti 
 
 tt 
 
 ■I 
 France 
 
 Wurtemb'rg, Gr 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 << II 
 
 France 
 Germany 
 Prussia 
 Allegheny 
 
 TOWNSHIP I NORTH. RANGE 8 WEST.— [Continued.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Louis, Marie B. nee Chris. 
 Louix, August [lophe 
 Letenipt, Pa.<ichal 
 Lucie C. Junod 
 Lebert, John 
 Sophia Louser 
 McClintock, William 
 Nancy Eyman 
 Mason, James 
 Elizabeth Archibald 
 Meder, John 
 Fredrika AUgeyer 
 Miller, B. 
 Morrisey, Thomas 
 Margaret Lotz 
 Meder, Peter 
 Margarelta Gahr 
 Miller, Joseph E. 
 Eva Ammel 
 Marinelli, E. 
 McFarland, Amanda J 
 McFarland, David 
 Messinger, May M. 
 
 Meaainger, Ida A. nee Klefho- 
 
 ber 
 Messinger .John 
 McBride, ]F. A. 
 Ellen Mason 
 Neuhoff, George L. 
 Mary Knoebel 
 Powell, A. J. 
 Padfield, H. 
 Louisa V. Valentine 
 Phillips, G. W. 
 Pulliam, W. W. 
 Eveline Forster 
 Ripley, James H. 
 Susan Merrill 
 Bandle, Jesse 
 Eliza Avery 
 Stookey, M. M. 
 Mahala Little 
 Schmisseur, Louis 
 Schmipseur, Charles 
 Emily Phillips 
 Snyder, Philip 
 Clarissa Stout 
 Sarah Sample 
 Stookey, John D. 
 Mary Carr 
 Schilling, John 
 Madeline Hoffman 
 Stookey, Edward D. 
 Clementine Coop 
 Tribout, B. 
 Elizabeth Bronnely 
 Margaret Fournie 
 Taylor, Henry 
 Voellinger, Peter 
 Hellen M. Schmisseur 
 Wild, John 
 Hannah Porter 
 Wilson, Richard 
 Dortha Mason 
 Ward, J. T. 
 Lucy Lee Ash 
 Sarah C. Ash 
 Yooli, Joseph 
 Catherine E. Isch 
 Zink, Nicholas 
 Mary Leimon 
 
 p, office 
 
 Belleville 
 Died M'rch 
 Belleville 
 
 Died M'rch 
 
 W. BelleTille 
 It 
 
 Belleville 
 ti 
 
 W. Belleville 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died Feb. 
 Birkner 
 O' Fallon 
 Died May 
 Belleville 
 
 n 
 
 Died Oct. 
 
 W. Belleville 
 ll 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 18 Wife of F. A. McBride 
 Sur. 374'Retired Farmer 
 
 374 Wife of Geo. L. Neuhoff Bavarrii,' Ger. 
 368lFarmer and Stock Raiser| Warren Co. Ten 
 Sec. 34!' pf^'sto'ii' "'"^ '"'' ^"''^" °' St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 W. BelleTille 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died M'rch 
 
 Belleville 
 ll 
 
 Birkner 
 (( 
 
 Belleville 
 ll 
 
 (I 
 
 W. Belleville 
 ll 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died Jan. 
 
 Belleville 
 It 
 
 ti 
 
 W. Belleville 
 ll 
 
 Belleville 
 tt 
 
 Belleville 
 Died Feb. 
 Belleville 
 
 W. Belleville 
 
 Belleville 
 Died May 
 Belleville 
 W. Belleville 
 
 occupation. 
 
 Sec. 8 Retired Farmer 
 25, '60 Late hus. of M. B. Louis 
 Sec. 3 Farmer and Stock Raiser, 
 3 Wife of Paschal Letempt 
 
 1 2 Farmer 
 
 12 Wife of John Lebert 
 Sur. 380 Retired Farmer 
 .5, 1875 Late wife W. McClintock 
 Sec. 17 Prop. Hotel and Saloon 
 
 17 Wife of James Mason 
 1 6 Hos'l Stew'rd Poor Farm 
 16 Wife of John Meder 
 
 18 Jariner and Miner 
 18 Engineer Yoch Mines 
 18 Wife of Thomas Morrisey 
 16 Superintend'! Poor Farm 
 16 Wife of Peter Meder 
 
 QO fACiner. Breeder of Shopiliire Sheep 
 „ .„„ and Yorkihire Swioe 
 
 28,'80 Late wife of Jos. E. Miller 
 Sec. 5 Farmer & Coal Operator 
 lIFarming&Stock Raining 
 4, 1864'Late hus. of AmandaMc- 
 
 nativity. 
 
 Sec. 2 
 2 
 17, '80 
 Sec. 18 
 
 Farming [Farland 
 
 Moth. May M. Messinger 
 
 France 
 It 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Wurtemb'rg.Gr 
 
 Nicholas Co. Ky 
 
 8t.ClairCo.I117 
 
 Scotland 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Germany 
 
 England 
 
 Fayette Co. Ill 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 tt ' (( 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Knox Co. Ohio 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Sco'land 
 
 Franlc ort on the Main, 
 German/ 
 
 Tioga Co. N. Y. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Belleville, 111. 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 England 
 It 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 34:WifeofH. Padflel.t 
 18 General Merchant 
 Sur. 377 Retired Farmer [liam 
 16, '79 Late wife of W. W. Pul- 
 Sec. 34:Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 34 Wife of Jas. H. Ripley 
 7 j Coal Operator 
 7: Wife of Jesse Randle 
 32| Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 32 Wife of M. M. Stookey 
 12 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 7 Prop. Custom Mills 
 7 Wifeof Chas. Schmis.seur 
 30 Farmer and Stock Raiser, 
 24, '63 list wife of Philip Snyder St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Sec. SOJPrc-s. " " 
 
 32 Farra.A Fine Stk Breeder 
 32 Wife of John D. Stookev 
 181 Miner 
 
 18 Wife of John Schilling 
 29 Farmer and Teacher 
 29|VVifeof E. D. Stookey 
 
 16 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 2, 1835' First wife of B. Tribout 
 Sec. ] 6 Present wife of " 
 
 21 Coal Operator 
 
 19| Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 19 Wife of Peter Voellinger 
 18 Miner 
 
 18 Wife of John Wild 
 18 Prop. Wilson's Grove 
 18 Wife of Richard Wilson 
 
 17 Farmer and Slock Raisei 
 21, '75 First wife of J. T. Ward 
 Sec. 17 Present " " " 
 
 If Farmer & Coal Operatoi 
 If Wife of Joseph Yoch 
 If .Vliner 
 If Wife of Nicliolas Zink 
 
 2 
 
 X 
 
 45 
 33 
 36 
 61 
 58 
 63 
 18 
 99 
 49 
 57 
 60 
 52 
 39 
 65 
 59 
 33 
 48 
 42 
 51 
 57 
 20 
 
 65 
 42 
 39 
 38 
 49 
 32 
 32 
 30 
 29 
 57 
 48 
 16 
 18 
 25 
 34 
 65 
 65 
 39 
 
 54 
 47 
 
 37 
 24 
 21 
 35 
 39 
 50 
 54 
 52 
 80 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 58 
 54 
 56 
 66 
 66 
 66 
 56 
 30 
 30 
 33 
 Prussia 47 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 51 
 Germany 58 
 
 59 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 France 
 It 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 
 St. Nicholas, Fr, 
 
 France 
 If 
 
 Lancashire, Eng 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 England 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 CITF OF EAST ST. LOUIS. 
 
 PLAc. or business 
 
 Albrecht, Henry 
 Agleyre, Fred. 
 Anthony, D. D'. 
 Abt, Paul W. 
 Altewarth, Charles 
 Anderson, George 
 Beasiley, .Tohn W. 
 Becker, George F. 
 Brady, J. P. 
 Baugh, Levi, Jr. 
 Becker, J. P. 
 Brown, Quitman 
 Baldwin, John 
 Bunyan, Maurice 
 Bennett, W. H. 
 
 occupation. 
 
 Broadway 
 City HI., Main St. 
 Cor. 8th St. & Ohio av 
 CoUinsville ave. 
 St. Clair ave. 
 
 Nation'l Stk Yds. 
 Cr. Col.&St.Lou.avs 
 Front street 
 Near St. Clair ave 
 Cr. M'n & Mo. ave 
 Main street 
 4th St. op. Mar. Hse 
 near 
 
 Broadway 
 
 nativity. 
 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 License Inspector 
 Deputy Sheriff 
 Wholesale Liquor Dealer 
 Saloon 
 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Salesman C. M. Keys & Co 
 General Dry Goods 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Supt. E. St.Louis Bdg.Co. 
 Prop'r New York Bazaar 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 
 ratnter, Dealer In Palntcra' fitook 
 and Wall Paper. 
 
 Justice of the Peace 
 Attorney-at-L»w 
 
 Germany 
 Switzerland 
 Indiana 
 Germany 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Champ'n Co. Ill 
 St. Charles, Mo. 
 Ireland 
 England 
 Germany 
 Pike Co., III. 
 Pennsylvania 
 Ireland 
 Sumner Co., Tn 
 
 45 
 77 
 71 
 73 
 73 
 70 
 75 
 73 
 70 
 58 
 67 
 78 
 73 
 64 
 71 
 I 
 
CITY OF EAST ST. IjOUIS.— [Continubd.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 PLACE OF BUSINESS 
 
 Baucheus, Adam 
 Biirmeyer, Fred. 
 Bruce, "W. C- 
 Bruokeir, William 
 Busaon, F. P. 
 Buckley, C. S. 
 Burns, John 
 Bauer, Henry- 
 Bowman, John B. 
 Bird, J. W. 
 Bevelot, Clement 
 Crotty, P. J. 
 Canby, B. H. , 
 Crotty, George 
 Clark, W. H.- 
 Caldwell, S. H. 
 Chashin. John 
 Carey, E. . . 
 Crumrael, John 
 Cleary, W. 
 CromweU, D. 
 Draggon, J. L. 
 Dufl'y, Thomas 
 Dauach, George W. 
 Davis, E. R. 
 Dillon, John 
 
 Donigan, F. 
 
 Dooley, Pat 
 
 Efhart, Henry 
 
 Elliot, FI. and H. 
 
 EUinger, Sebastian 
 
 Eddy, John 
 
 Erfort, Charles 
 
 Edom, William 
 
 Freela, J. M. 
 
 Fekete, Thomas L. 
 • Fitzmaurice, Patrick 
 
 Flannigen, A. 
 
 Friesentee=er, Shnieder 
 
 Frawley, Con 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Patrick 
 
 Fitzhenry, Michael 
 
 Galloway, George N 
 
 Gamble, William 
 
 Grady, J. H. 
 
 Oraney, Thomas 
 
 Green, George D. 
 j Goodnow, Z. 
 ID. De Wolf 
 
 Gulwald, Frank 
 
 Greer, W. H. 
 
 Gorla, Joseph 
 
 Heims Brewing Co. 
 
 Hamer Stewart, Edom 
 
 Hamer. J. S. [& Co. 
 
 Horn, William 
 
 Hennel, Henry 
 
 Hanifan, Daniel 
 
 Hanifan, Thomas 
 
 Healy, Michael 
 
 Hornal, William 
 
 Hall, Giles 
 
 Hargrave, George 
 
 HuHchle, Wendlein 
 
 Hauss, Herman C. 
 
 Hempe, John F. 
 
 Hankins, A. 
 
 Hamilton, S. A. 
 
 Jones, J. W. 
 
 Jennings, Thomas C. 
 
 Joyce, Maurice 
 
 Jarvis, John F. 
 
 Kelly, James H. 
 
 Kurtz, William 
 
 Kresse, Oscar F. 
 
 Kirk, Jame< W. 
 
 Kennedy, Thomas 
 
 Kehoe, George 
 
 Ka-ie, Spencer M. 
 
 Koenig, Rev. Christ'r 
 
 Kempen, Rev. F. J. 
 
 Kleinsenn, Georga 
 
 Kilkery, Patrick 
 
 Keiflein, J. M. 
 
 Koeeter, Henry 
 
 Kase, William G. 
 
 Lanntz, W. P. 
 
 Locke, George W. 
 
 Loyingston, John B. 
 
 Luecken, Ed. 
 
 Collinsville ave. 
 
 Cr. 7th St. & Pa. av 
 
 Ohio' & Colls, ave 
 
 Missouri ave. 
 
 Broadway 
 
 Cr. 2d & Bond sts 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Fr'tst. n. Wiggins 
 Dyke ave. 
 Main st. 
 
 p. O. TTorden. R. Wor'Q, 
 " UadlsoQ, Co., Ill 
 
 Mu. av. & Rouk Road 
 
 Center Market 
 
 MeintsBrk,4thst 
 
 4th Mar. House 
 
 4th Ward 
 
 Mo. av.be t. 5th & 6th 
 
 Main street, 
 
 Retired 
 
 CoDtractor, Builder, House-raiser and 
 
 Mover. 
 Meat Mkt. and Sausage Mfr. 
 Tobacco Sir. & Bar. Shop 
 Gro. Imp. & Dlr. in Liq. 
 Dlr.in Gro. & Liquor* 
 Boarding Hae & Saloon 
 Boat Yard and Saloon 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 Stock Shipper 
 Grocer and Miller 
 Meat Market 
 Atlorney-at-Law:. 
 Mar. Mas. <^ Com. Mer. 
 Retired Merchant 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 Section For .man [Casings 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Scotland 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 France 
 
 Ireland 
 
 (( 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Madi.son Co. Ill 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 l.ogan Co 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Maine 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Ireland 
 
 ,0. 
 
 Nat. Stock Yards Pork Pkr. & Mfr. of Sausages " 
 Dyke avenue Boarding House & Saloon Prussia 
 
 Meat Market Ireland 
 
 Breeder of Fine Horses New Jersey 
 Agt. St. Clair Mf'g Co. Canada 
 Iron Puddler Ireland 
 
 Cash'r Workingmen's Bk. East St. Louis 
 Attorney-at-Law. New York 
 
 Condr. St. Lou. Bridge Co. Ireland 
 Liquor Saloon Trenton, N. J. 
 
 Fore. Black. St. Lou. Bdg. Co Ireland 
 Saloon and Pool Room Germany 
 Mfr Elliot Pat. Frgs &Swtchs Scotland 
 Mfr. & Dealer in Cigars Germany 
 Prop. S. E. Hotel & Sal'n Wisconsin 
 FLshers' & Hunters' Hm. Baden, Ger. 
 Live Stock Com. Mercht. Ohio 
 Attorney-at-Law Tennessee 
 
 Ins., Real Est. & Finan. Agt. Macoupin Co. II 
 Janitor of City Offices Ireland 
 Attorney-at Law Wash'n Co., Ill 
 
 General Teaming. Germany 
 
 Proprietor of Saloon Ireland 
 
 Boarding House & Saloon 
 Capt. Tr. Bt. "Jno. Trendley" 
 Railroad Engineer 
 
 St. L,- 
 
 Dyke avenue 
 St. Clair ave. 
 4th Ward House 
 Cr.6thst.&Ill. av 
 3dstreet 
 
 Cr. 4th & Br'dway 
 4th St. op. Cr.'Mar. 
 Cr. 2d St. & Mo. av 
 Fr't St. & Dyke av 
 Dyke avenue 
 Main street . 
 M'Qst. R.St Lou. Mo 
 Broadway 
 Fr. St. & Wiggins 
 Or. Br. & Stk Yds av 
 Nat. Stock Yards 
 Main street 
 
 Miasourt ave.. Jackelsch 
 iluUdlng. 
 
 Or. 3d St. & DIv. av. 
 4th St. Meints blk 
 2311 Mar. St. St. Lou. 
 Front street 
 St. Clair ave. 
 3d St. 3J Ward 
 Belleville Pike 
 Collinsville av. 
 Or. 7th & Ohio, av 
 
 Ciiy Hall 4bll St. Bua. 6th 
 St. & Mo. ave. 
 
 Cor. Mo. & Collsv. av 
 Missouri avenue 
 <i It 
 
 Broadway 
 Nat. Stock Yds. 
 Fr. St. & Christy av 
 111. av.& Bell. Pk. 
 Nat. Stock Yards 
 
 Missouri avenue 
 Cr. Short st. & Div. av 
 Cr. 2d & Mo. ave. 
 
 CltT H«ll. Res. cor. 6tli 
 
 Mo. ave. 
 City Hall 
 Gulls, avenue, bet. Summit 
 
 and St. Clair ave. 
 
 Collinsville avenue. 
 Mullikenstbt2d43d 
 Dyke av. nr. Front 
 Dyke avenue 
 St. Clair avenue 
 Nat. Stock Yards 
 >i •< 
 
 Mo. av. n. Rel. dpt 
 
 Mo av Jaekeisch bdg 
 Cr. Main & Brdwy 
 Troy, Mad. Co. Ill 
 4th St. nr. Cty Crt. 
 Missouri avenue 
 Cor. Mo.lfe St. Lou. av 
 Collinsville ave. 
 Bea. Missouri ave. 
 Cr. 3d St. & Mo. av 
 Cr. Mo. & Colls, av 
 Cr. 6th & Brdway 
 
 tt M tl 
 
 Collinsville ar. 
 Winter st. 3d Wrd 
 Third st. 3d Ward 
 Belleville Pike 
 
 Office Mais st. Res. cor. 
 
 MaiQ and Growers 
 Fourth nr. Broadw'y 
 Brdwy. Res. 6th .st 
 Fr. & Milliken sts 
 Broadway 
 
 sat. Yard Master Wabaali, 
 Pie. K. R. 
 
 Carpenter and Builder. 
 Justice of the Pea,ce 
 Attorney-al-Law • 
 Proprietor Relay Retreat 
 
 Mfr. of Saddles & Har. 
 With MuUlinll Scanlan 
 Hotel and Saloon 
 Brewers 
 
 Live Slock Com. Merehts 
 Stock Dealer 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Contractor and Builder 
 
 Hotel and SatoOD. Passenger Direc- 
 tor at Relav Depot 
 
 Clerk of City Court. 
 Deputy Sheriff 
 
 Foreman Blacksmith at Elliott's 
 Shoiis 
 
 Mfr. of Gd. 4 Sil. Amal. Moh 
 Contractor and Builder 
 iVIsat Market 
 Dealer in Flour and Feed 
 Groceries and Liquors 
 Shipping Master 
 Stock Dealer 
 Supt.E.St. L.&C.B.R 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Dlr. in Gro., Liq. & Gen.Mchd 
 Farmer & Stock Shipper 
 Conatable 
 
 Cigar Manufacturer 
 Variety Store 
 
 St. Clair Go. Correspondent for the 
 St. Louis " Republican." 
 
 Coal Merchant. 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 Reo. St. Henry's E. C. Chr. 
 
 Rector Immaculate Conception Rom, 
 Oath. Church at Ceuterville Station. 
 
 Tonsoriai Artist 
 
 License Inspector 
 
 Cpr. TugBt"S.C.Clubb" 
 
 Groceries and Liquors 
 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 
 Lumber and Real Estate 
 Undertaker 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Canada 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Belgium 
 
 .Austria 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Austria 
 
 Logan^ Co., O. 
 Germany 
 Ohio 
 Ireland 
 
 Scotland 
 
 England 
 
 Wayne Co. N.Y 
 
 Germany 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Germany 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Chautau.Co.,N.Y. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Madison Co., Ill 
 
 Co. Armaugh, Ire, 
 
 Germany 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 New York 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Gulf of Mexico 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 E. St. Lou., 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Germany 
 
 60 
 
 70 
 79, 
 67 
 641 
 63 
 70j 
 40 
 50, 
 44 
 55 
 58 
 T 
 58 
 64 
 75 
 57 
 77 
 64 
 6 
 67 
 73 
 73 
 55 
 69 
 67 
 65 
 70 
 59 
 
 66 
 50 
 76 
 
 74 
 72 
 51 
 71 
 
 57 
 79 
 
 72 
 60 
 63 
 C4| 
 65i 
 7. 
 72 
 72 
 79 
 73 
 71 
 65 
 
 7 
 66 
 68 
 60 
 65 
 58 
 70 
 77 
 68 
 58 
 72 
 80 
 73 
 79 
 73 
 60 
 67 
 
 CITY OF EAST ST. LOUIS. -[Continued ] 
 
 PLACE OF BUSINESS 
 
 Lohrer, L. 
 Loesch, John 
 f Little, Jarvis & Co. 
 \ William B. Jarvis 
 Leber, Fritz 
 Lynn, R. B. 
 Moolz, Albert 
 Mauer, Charles 
 Mootz, Herman 
 Mehlig,J. M. 
 Melzler, Charles 
 Martell, M. 
 Mes-ick, .1. B. 
 -Meumann, Theodore 
 Meints, Albert M. 
 Mahoney, John 
 Mirhlfelt, Conrad 
 Millard, M. 
 Mead, Mike 
 McLean, John J. 
 Mahoney, John 
 Mooney, L. F. 
 Mitchell, Lee B. 
 Mahoney, Michael 
 McGinnis, John H. 
 Miller, F. 
 Meehan, J. H. 
 McLaughlin, Michael 
 Merz, John 
 Myers, John 
 Niemes, John 
 Noton, Isaac [Co. 
 
 / National Stock Yard 
 \ Isaac H. Knox 
 Oit, M. C. 
 O'Neill, Frank 
 Oebike, Henry 
 O'Halloran.VeryP. J. 
 O'Brien, P. H. 
 
 O'Melveny, Geo. F. 
 
 Payne, diaries H. 
 
 Pahde, Theodore 
 
 Pracht, Michael 
 
 Parent, Louis 
 
 Pollard, Hugh F. 
 
 (Juarney, M. 
 
 Qaarney, Thomas 
 
 Querney Brothers 
 
 Rechtern, H. C. 
 
 Rafter, James J. 
 
 Renshaw, John W. 
 
 Roe, Richard 
 
 Roewe, Henry 
 
 Rohm, Christ 
 
 Reeb, C. 
 
 Reliford, Charles 
 
 Rhedemeyer, B. 
 
 Rodgers, J. A. 
 
 Ricksher, J. H. 
 
 Strecker, C. F. 
 
 Strickler, P. J. 
 
 Steiner, Jacob 
 
 Stnrner, Fred. 
 
 Stephens, M. M. 
 
 Stephenson, James 
 
 Spremberg, Adolph R. 
 
 Summers, B. J. 
 
 Schmidt, Sebastian 
 
 Sickking, J. B. 
 
 Shannon, James 
 
 Sickels, John M. 
 
 Seibert, John 
 
 Schiereck, Theodore F. 
 
 Scanlan, P. P. 
 
 Sackmann, Henry 
 
 SutcliiFe, John 
 
 Sternkopf, Henry 
 
 Seibert, George 
 
 Sullivan, P. M. 
 
 Schaub, George 
 
 Stack, p. H. 
 
 Sullivan, D. 
 
 Schlenaker, C. 
 
 Surwald, Caaper 
 
 Snowball, J. J. 
 
 Schneider, Theodore 
 
 Sheer, J. M. 
 
 Thoene, George 
 
 Tissier, Maurice F. 
 
 Trendley, John 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Dyke avenue 
 
 Car St. Perry liandiag, St. 
 Louia, Uu. 
 
 National Stock Yds. 
 
 P.O. Trov.Ill. Res. Troj 
 ill. 
 
 Collsv. & Summit av 
 Nat. Stock Yards 
 Mitsouri ave. 
 Collinsville ave. 
 Cr. Coll. & III. av 
 
 lollinsville ave. 
 Cr. 4th & Brdwy 
 Missouri avenue 
 
 0. av. Jaclceisch bg 
 Collinsville ave. 
 Cr. 4th & Mo. av. 
 Cr. 2d & St. Clair av. 
 Broadway 
 4ih nr. Broadway 
 Cr.Christy& Bk'n.ave 
 Cr.7thst.&Mo.av 
 2d St. Xd Ward 
 F't & Wiggins sts 
 East End Bridge 
 Christy avenue 
 St. Louia, Mo. 
 National Sik Yds. 
 Collinsville ave. 
 St. Clair ave. 
 Fourth street 
 Chraty av. nr.3dsl 
 Cr. 5th & Mo. ave. 
 4th at. & Div. ave. 
 Nat. Stock Yards. 
 Res. St. Louis, Mi 
 
 Ninth St. bet. Summitaud 
 Peun-Jlv aoia ave. 
 
 Illinois Cty, 4th Wrd 
 Bdwy & Collsv. av 
 Cr. 6th & Brdwy. 
 3d & Christy ave. 
 Broadway. 
 Cr. 3d & Mo. ave 
 4th St. n. Mar. Hae 
 Main street 
 
 Oih at. bet. Summit and 
 Penna. ave. 
 
 St Clair avenue 
 5lh St. near III. ave 
 Main street 
 Main & B. B. sts. 
 Cr. 4th & Brdwy 
 4th St. op. Cty. Ct 
 Main street 
 Cr. 6th&Sum'tav 
 Collinsville ave. 
 Center Market 
 Cor. Main & Bdwy 
 St. Clair avenue 
 Front street 
 Cr. Br. & Stk. Yds. av 
 Dyke avenue 
 Collinsville ave 
 Cr. Coll. & St. Lou av 
 Collinsville ave, 
 Broadway 
 Coll. & Summit av 
 Cr.5th &Ohioav 
 Collinsville ar. 
 Fourth street 
 Cr. 3d St. & Mo. av 
 Bdwy. Res 111. av 
 City Hall, Main st 
 Broadway 
 Cr. Bdwy & Mn st 
 Collinsville ave. 
 F't & Wiggina sts. 
 Third at. 3d Ward 
 Broadway 
 Brady St. nr. Main 
 
 Main bet. CJonverae and 
 Bond. 
 
 Cr. 3d & Menard sts. 
 
 Broadway 
 
 Cr. 3d &'Dyke av 
 
 Nat. Stock Yards 
 
 Kast St. Lou. Lot 8, Ca- 
 hokia Commoua. 
 
 St Clair avenue 
 Cr. 6th & Sum. av. 
 Nat. Stock Yarda 
 O. & Miss. Shops 
 Cr. Collinsv. 4111. av, 
 Cr. 4ih & Brdwv 
 
 Groceries anil Liquors 
 Proprietor Saloon 
 Live Slock Com. Mchts. 
 
 Meat Market 
 
 Live Stk dlr. Hogsaaptly 
 
 Druggist 
 
 Hdwr. Stoves & Tin Wre. 
 
 Druggist 
 
 Mfr. Boots & Shoes 
 
 Oyster House & Saloon 
 
 Hotel and Saloon 
 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 
 Cashier E. St. Lou. Bank 
 
 Whsle. & Eetl. Gro. & Liq. Dr 
 
 Boarding House and Bar 
 
 Surgeon and Barber 
 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 
 Highland House 
 
 Capt. Steamer " Cahokia" 
 
 General Teaming 
 
 As. Yd. Mst. W. St. L. & P.E.R 
 
 Propr. Lee's Saloon 
 
 l^re. P. H. O'Brien, Contr 
 
 Cap. Fer. Stm. "Springlield." 
 
 ririu Daily. Miller & Co., Live Stocl£ 
 Comnii».-tlon Merchants. 
 
 .Stock Dealer and Trader. 
 
 Saloon 
 
 Mgr. Me.verStrattmann'sLiv, 
 
 Mate Steamer ''Napulcon Mli- 
 llliln." 
 
 Cont'r Brick & Stone Work 
 Justice of the Peace 
 
 President Nat. Stk Yards 
 
 Contractor and Proprietor or Falling 
 Springs Stone Quarry. 
 
 Stneli Dealer & Tiader 
 Whole. & Ret. Grocer 
 Rec. St. Pat. R C. Ch. 
 Contractor 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 (Jroctries and Liquors 
 Propr. Rest, and Saloon 
 Cigar Manufacturer 
 Br. & St. Mas. & Builder 
 Groceries and Liquors 
 Teaming 
 
 Groceries and Liquors 
 Gro., Tobacco & Liquors. 
 Dealer in Dry Goods Si Clthg. 
 Attorney-at-Law. 
 Chief of Police 
 Whole. & Ret. Grocer 
 Dealer in Flour & Feed 
 .Vlt. Mar. & Sau. Manftr. 
 Saloon and Pool Room 
 Hotel and Saloon 
 Cigar Manufacturer 
 Nat. Hotel and Saloon 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Groceries and Liquors 
 Stock Dealer and Trader 
 Cigar Manufacturer 
 Propr. 4th Ward House 
 Groceries, Milk & Coal 
 Cigar Manufacturer 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Post Master 
 City Clerk 
 
 Mfi'.&Dlr.inSad.&IIar 
 Meat Market 
 Paperhang. & Calciminer 
 Fore. P. H. O'Brien, Con'r 
 Ast. Spt. Wiggins Fer. Co. 
 Fur., Stove.s & H.^sekeep'g Gdf- 
 
 Manufact'r of Wooden Faucets, Bungs. 
 Mullets, etc. 
 
 Propr. Meat Market 
 Groceries and Liquors 
 Hdwr. Stoves & Frm. Imj 
 Hotel and Saloon 
 Stock Dealer and Tradei 
 Farmer & Mfr. of Broomh 
 Boarding House & Saloon 
 Rd. Mas. C.& A. R. B. 
 With Jacob Bogel 
 Master Mechanic 
 Sal., Mt. Mar. & Sausage Fa' 
 Ed. E.St. Lou. "Herald 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Baden, Ger. 
 Germany 
 
 Madison Co., Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Germany 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 N. Orleans, La. 
 
 Macoupin Co. II 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Germany 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Cincinnati, O. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Indiana 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Pennsvlvania 
 
 Michigan 
 
 England 
 
 Germany 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 Germany 
 
 England 
 
 New York 
 Pennsylvania 
 New York 
 Prussia 
 Ireland 
 
 Monroe Co., Ill 
 St. Clias. Co. Mo 
 Germany 
 
 Quebec, Can. 
 Mason Co., 111. 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 Augusta, Me. 
 Madis'n Co. Ind 
 England 
 Germany 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 Bourbon Co. Ky 
 Germany 
 
 50 
 
 66 
 69 
 75 
 71 
 74 
 56 
 75 
 67 
 72 
 66 
 66 
 70 
 64 
 64 
 73 
 .42 
 55 
 76 
 45 
 65 
 
 Cr. 3d & Mulliken sts Loc. Agt. Wiggins Fer. Cc 
 
 Virginia 
 Germany 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Germany 
 
 Holland 
 
 Ireland 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Xew York City 
 
 Germany 
 
 Yorkshire, Eng. 
 
 Geroiany 
 
 Ireland 
 Germany 
 
 Ireland 
 
 i( 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Gtrmany 
 
 England 
 
 Ohio 
 
 New York 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Germany 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 70 
 61 
 49 
 
 71 
 4. 
 58 
 73 
 67 
 73 
 77 
 78 
 79 
 65 
 79 
 59 
 57 
 56 
 61 
 69 
 44 
 54 
 65 
 56 
 50 
 68 
 60 
 70 
 50 
 77 
 70 
 76 
 57 
 68 
 3 
 68 
 74 
 62 
 57 
 70 
 77 
 71 
 79 
 74 
 43 
 70 
 72 
 57 
 57 
 37 
 63 
 75 
 55 
 73 
 72 
 80 
 74 
 62 
 72 
 25 
 
CITY OF BAST ST. IiOUlS.-[CoNTiNUED.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 PLAC. OF BUSINESS 
 
 Trendley, H. E. 
 Vonuahme. Joseph 
 Voelker, Henry 
 "Wallace, Edmund 
 Walsh, Micliael 
 Ware, Charles T. 
 Winstanley, Thomas 
 Wittich, Josephine 
 Weick, Capt. Joseph 
 Wolf, Philipp 
 
 Belleville Pike 
 Cr. 5th & Mo. av. 
 St. Clair avenue 
 Coilinsv. Sc Ohio ave. 
 4th & Mo. ave. 
 Cr. Mo. & Coll. av. 
 9th St. bt. 111. & 0. av. 
 Front street 
 
 Christy av. bet. 2d, b 3d 
 
 streets. 
 East St. Louis 
 
 OCCDPATION'. 
 
 Cap. Str." E.C.Wiggins" 
 Wholesl. & Retl. Gro. & Liq'rs 
 Family Grocer 
 Wholesl. & Ret. Liq. Dlr. 
 
 .Judge City Court 
 Pros. E. St. Lo. Bnk & Captl'st 
 Propr. Wine & Beer Sal. 
 Cp. Str. ' Napoleon Mulliken ' 
 Farmer and Contractor 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Ireland 
 
 New York 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Austria 
 
 Germany 
 
 CITY OF ST. LOUIS, 3IO. 
 
 Ahrens, George 
 Dngdell, Wm. T. 
 Enters, John & Co. 
 Feickert, Jacob 
 Fritz, Charles 
 Guion, James A. 
 Gay, Edward 
 Hoffman, George 
 Hilger, E. & Co. 
 Imbs, J. F. 
 Lemp, Wm. J. 
 McFall, John 
 Nien^tedt, Henry C. 
 Priber, E. C. 
 Schweiokhardt, Henry 
 Smart, Thomas K. 
 Wardrop, Charles B. 
 Wingate, R. F. 
 
 Cr. 2d & Mar. Sts. 
 Un.&N'l.StkYds 
 Cr. 2d & Wal. sts. 
 Cr. 2d & Markt ste 
 1312 Park avenue 
 318 Cedar street 
 121 Nth. 2d street 
 1715 Nth. 11th 8t. 
 511 N. Main str. 
 Cor. Main & Elm 
 
 2d Caroudelct av. & Ara'l 
 street. 
 
 Four Coui'ta 
 118 & 120 Vine st 
 407 Nth. 3d street 
 1019 Hickory st. 
 Cr. 4lh & Olive 
 
 21SN.4th&3?GOI. St. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 With Jacob Peickert 
 
 Live Stk Com. Moht. 
 
 Distr. & Wholesl. Liq. Dlr 
 
 Saloon 
 
 Retired 
 
 Capt. St'r " Edwardsville"' 
 
 Sugar Factor 
 
 Capt. St'r "E. St. Louis " 
 
 Wholesale Hardware 
 
 Flour Merchant 
 
 Propr. Western Brewery 
 
 Pres. Riv. Render'g Co. 
 
 Restaur.ant and Saloon 
 
 Prop. Napa & Sonoma Wine Co 
 
 Retired 
 
 Lupes Saloon 
 
 Cigars and Tobacco 
 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 Scott Co., 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Carondelet, Mo. 
 Virginia 
 Philada., Pa. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Alsace, France 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Pennsylvania 
 Brunswick, Ger. 
 Germany 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Fairfield Co., 
 New York City 
 Boone Co., Ky. 
 
 60 
 
 33 
 
 40 
 
 49 
 
 TOWNSHIP 3 NORTH, RANGK 10 WEST. 
 
 f Archer, Frederick 
 \ Josephine R. Hall 
 Gramer, David 
 Kennedy, Lawrence 
 Pettiford, James A. 
 Pope, Abram 
 Richardson, Felix 
 Stiles, John R. 
 West, William 
 
 p. orricE. 
 
 EESID. 
 
 Venice 
 
 Brkl'n 
 
 
 (1 
 
 
 i> 
 
 
 „ 
 
 
 See. 9 3-9 
 Had. Co. 
 
 Brklyn. 
 Sec. 9 3-9 
 Mad. Co. 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 General Merchant 
 Wife of Fred. Archer 
 Proprietor of Saloon 
 Butcher 
 Marshal 
 
 Saloon Bagatelle 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Justice of the Peace 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Alabama 
 Louisiana 
 Tennessee 
 New Jersey 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 Mississippi 
 Miss. 
 
 New Jersey 
 Phillip Co. Ark 
 
 CAHOKIA COMMON FIELDS. 
 
 I Boiirdeaux,Narcisso Sr 
 t Mary Pillette 
 j Bevelot, Frank 
 t Margaret Vizar 
 j Beasley, J. A. 
 \ Josephine Kelley 
 ( Brouilette, Oliver 
 J Margaret Eunon 
 ( Brouilette, M. 
 / Chartrand, David 
 \ Mary Trumble 
 I Chapman, Louis 
 t Julia Wilson 
 j Droit, T.C._ 
 \ Adeline Lalimeire 
 f Dupnis, Joe 
 \ Cora Lavalle 
 f Etienne, Joseph E. 
 t Mary E. Droit 
 f Etienne, Celcstin 
 t Mary Ploudre 
 f Fulchiron, Claude 
 \ Adalina Joubard 
 
 Gamlin, Charles A. 
 I Gerber, Christ 
 t Adeline Chatillion 
 f Godin, Peter, Jr. 
 \ Adeline Jarvey 
 C Herbert, Edward 
 i Herbert, John B. 
 I Louisa Allery 
 f Illinski, A. X. 
 \ Jayne Butler 
 
 Isch, Anthony 
 f Jarvis, Jule 
 \ Florine, Simonew 
 f Jacquot, August _ ; 
 t Philomena Antoine 
 
 E, St. Louis 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 
 E.St. Louis 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 It it 
 
 E.St. Louis 
 
 Died Jan 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 C'ville Sta, 
 
 C'hokia 
 
 Sur. 124' 
 It 
 
 C'hokia 
 (I 
 
 Sur. 108 
 (( 
 
 tt 
 
 Sur. 90 
 ti 
 
 C'hokia 
 
 n 
 
 Sur. 72 
 
 Cahokia 
 
 Sur. 52 
 It 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 Sur. 130 
 (1 
 
 C'hokia 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 Farmer 
 Wife of 
 Farmer 
 Wife of 
 Teacher 
 Wife of 
 Farmer 
 Wife of 
 Farmer 
 
 and Stock Raiser 
 N. Bonrdeaux 
 and Stock Raiser 
 Frank Bevelot 
 
 J. A. Beasley 
 and Stock Raiser 
 Oliver Brouilette 
 and Stock Raiser 
 
 Sur. 62 
 23, '63 
 Sur. 62 
 
 C'hokia 
 
 Sur 125 
 Sur. 123 
 
 Sur. 60 
 
 Wife of David Chartrand 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Louis Chapman 
 
 Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 
 WifeofT. C. Droit 
 
 Carpenter 
 
 Wife of Joe Dupnis 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of J. E. Etienne 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Celestin Etienne 
 
 Machinist & Saloon Kpr 
 
 Wife of ClaudQ Fulchiron 
 
 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Christ Gerber 
 
 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Wife of Peter Godin, Jr. 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Father of E. Herbert 
 
 Mother " " 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Wife of A. X. Illinski 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 tt t, 
 
 Wife of Jule Jarvis 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of A. Jacquot 
 
 Canada 
 Cahokia 
 France 
 Switzerland 
 Ripley Co., Mo 
 St.ClairCo.. Ill 
 Knox Co., Ind. 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 tt tt 
 
 East St. Louis 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Canada 
 
 Cahokia 
 
 France 
 
 St. Louis Mo. 
 
 France • 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 France 
 
 tt 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Mo. 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Cahokia, 111 
 Prairie Du Pont 
 Poland 
 Cahokia, 111. 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill, 
 
 CAHOKIA COSOION FIBIiDS.— [Continued.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Letempt, John B. 
 f Letempt, John B. 
 \ Elonore Bouisonenne 
 / Lavalle, Joseph, Jr. 
 \ Clementine Valentine 
 J McCracken, Nicholas 
 \ Fiorina Brackett 
 
 Morisseau, Louis V. 
 f Marion Peter I. C. 
 \ Victorine Klein 
 f. Ploudre, Louis 
 \ Elmire Geurard 
 ( Paridy, Benjamin 
 ] Louisa Tillison, Dec'd 
 I Mary Silvey, Dec'd 
 / Pfeiffer, Anthony 
 I Mary A. Chinesseur 
 f Perio, Alexander 
 \ Gertrude Smith 
 
 Queiry, Robert 
 f Bayot, Auguste 
 \ Julia Cnenot 
 
 Russel, William H. 
 f Recordon, L. B. 
 i Recordon, Chas. Jules 
 ( Catherine Pthiroh 
 / Soucy, Clovis 
 t Mary Toupen 
 ( Simmons, H. B. 
 \ Julia Bowler 
 f Touche'te, Andrew 
 \ Nancy Moorehouse 
 
 Tojo, Benito 
 / Touchette, Baptiste 
 \ Judith Bisson 
 f Trumble, Joseph 
 \ Angeline Letempt 
 f Voudrey, Anthony 
 t Angeline Rodgers 
 
 {Von Closter, Evo 
 Mary A. Patrie 
 Julia Polkia, Dec'd 
 / Voudrie, Joseph 
 1 Rosa Ann Richard 
 f Werest, Michael 
 I Mary Beatrey 
 / Wachtel; Frederick 
 \ Catherine Hertz 
 
 p. OFFICE. 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 
 C'ville Sta 
 tt tt 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 tt ft 
 
 tt tt 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 (( tt 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 tt ii 
 
 Died 
 
 (I 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 tt a 
 
 C'ville Sta 
 
 RESID. 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 tt It 
 
 C'ville Sta, 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 It 11 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 (( ti 
 
 E.St. Louis 
 
 Cenfville 
 Station 
 
 3ur 128 
 
 C'hokia 
 
 Cenfvllle 
 Station 
 
 C'hokia 
 
 K 
 
 1861 
 
 1868 
 
 C'hokia 
 tt 
 
 Gent'ville 
 Station 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 nativity. 
 
 Sur. 128 
 67 
 
 ' 67 
 ' 61 
 ' 61 
 
 Sur. 119 
 
 Cent'ville 
 Station 
 
 Cakokia 
 
 Madison Co.,Ill 
 
 Kaskaskia, 111. 
 
 Cahokia 17 
 
 France 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 France 
 
 St.ClHirCo.,111. 
 
 St. Joseph Mo. 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co., III. 
 
 Cahokia 
 
 Quincy, III. 
 
 Ray Coi, Mo. 
 
 France 
 tt 
 
 Penn 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 France 
 
 Canada 
 
 Cahokia, 111. 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 C'ville Sta Sur. 50 Farmer and Stock R'liser St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 50 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of J. B. Letempt 
 
 E.St. LouLK C'hokia Carpen'er 
 
 Wife of Jo.'eph Lavalle 
 Retired Merchant 
 Mother of N. McCracken 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Civil Engineer 
 Wife of P. I C. Marion 
 C'ty Com. & Gen'l Merh'f 
 Wife of Louis Ploudre 
 Farmer and Constable 
 First wife of Benj. Paridy 
 Late " " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Anthony Pfeiffer 
 Carpenter 
 
 Wife of Alex. Perio 
 Sur. 62 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Auguste Rayot 
 Farmer 
 Farming 
 
 Father of L. B. Recordon 
 Mother " 
 
 Farmer & Road Super'sr Canada 51 
 
 Wife of Clovis Soucy Cahokia, 111. 54 
 Physician and Surgeon St. Clair Co., 111. 51 
 Wife of H. B. Simmon.- " " 57 
 P. M. Station Agt. & Sal. Kpr " " 3S 
 
 Wife of And. Touchette England 4'2 
 
 General Merchant Spain 66 
 
 Farmer, Stock Eaiser & J. P. St. Clair Co., III. 43 
 Wifa of Baptist Touchette " " 44 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser '' '' 38 ' 
 Wife of Joseph Trumble " '• 41 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser " " 42 
 Wife of Anth'y Voudrey " " 50 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser Belgium 50 
 
 Pres't wife ofEvoVon Closter Germany 42 
 
 First " " France 47 
 
 Sur. 98 "I™?';' ^'°°'' ^'=" "" "« '^"'- St. Clair Co., 111. 29 
 Wifeof Joseph Voudril France 36 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 49 
 
 Wifeof Michael Werest St. Clair Co., 111. 48 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser Germany 56 
 
 Wife of Fred. Wachtel France 55 
 
 43 
 43 
 51 
 48 
 56 
 22 
 98 
 56 
 47 
 52 
 46 
 48 
 32 
 49 
 59 
 54 
 57 
 45 
 45 
 80 
 37 
 57 
 64 
 56 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 SOUTH, RANGE 9 WEST. 
 
 f Brandes, August 
 
 1 Charlotta Neubrath 
 
 Frank Andreas 
 / Ganter, Henry 
 \ Lena Kemper 
 r Horn, Charles C. 
 \ Dorotha Daech 
 / Kenning, Joseph E. 
 I Mary Hamer 
 f Sensel, Henry 
 1 Elizabeth Skaer 
 f Vogel, John 
 1 Mary F. Hoffman 
 
 Floraville 
 
 Sec. lO.Teacher & Notary Public 
 
 ii 
 
 10 
 
 Wife of August Brandes 
 
 u 
 
 F'viUe 
 
 Blacksmith & Wag'n Mkr 
 
 
 If 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 
 
 Wife of Henrv Ganter 
 
 
 tt 
 
 General Merchant 
 
 tt 
 
 (I 
 
 Wife of Charles C. Horn 
 
 Padaborn 
 
 Pada'n 
 
 Teacher 
 
 ii 
 
 tt 
 
 Wife of Jos. E. Kenning 
 
 Floraville 
 
 Fville 
 
 General Merchant 
 
 i( 
 
 <i 
 
 Wife of Henry Sensel 
 
 
 Sec. 9 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 K 
 
 9 
 
 Wife of John Vogel 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Prussia 
 (( 
 
 Ohio 
 Indiana^ 
 Bosslach. Prns' 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 Penn. 
 Pra.ssia 
 
 59 
 45 
 50 
 77 
 59 
 40 
 48 
 79 
 79 
 47 
 39 
 38 
 51 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1 SOUTH, RANGE 10 WEST. 
 
 f Arras, John 
 
 \ Elizabeth Mueller 
 
 (. Gustena Cook 
 
 f Bange, Frederick 
 
 ■< Christiana Hoffmann 
 
 (. Louisa Mund 
 
 r Baus, John 
 
 \ Margt. Shellenberger 
 
 f Dannahold, John 
 
 \ Caroline Krupp 
 
 |Gray, C.C. 
 
 \ (JatherineQuinlan 
 
 / Lippire, Frederick 
 
 1 Margaretta Ganzner 
 
 f Schmiedt, Margaretta 
 
 j Schmiedt, Nicholas 
 
 1 Schmiedt, George 
 
 [ Fannie J. Meyer 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Sec. 13 
 
 Died Feb. 
 
 26, '71 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Sec. 13 
 
 ti 
 
 1 
 
 Died Sept. 
 
 20, '64 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Sec. 1 
 
 Columbia 
 
 2 
 
 (( 
 
 2 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 13 
 
 tt 
 
 13 
 
 tt 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 Colnmbia 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 Died Aug. 
 
 15, '75 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Sec. 1 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 First wife of John Arras 
 Pres' wife of John Arras 
 Farmer & Road Super'sr 
 First wife of Fred. Bange 
 Pres' " " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Baur 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Dannahold 
 Farmer & Sob. Teacher 
 Wife of C. C. Gray 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Fred. Lippire 
 Farming & Stock Raising 
 Late husband of M.Soh miedt 
 
 Son of Margaretta and Nicllolas 
 
 Schmiedt 
 Wife of George Schmiedt 
 
 Chambersburg 
 
 33 
 
 Monroe Co., 
 
 ill. 
 
 
 II •! 
 
 
 71 
 
 Germany 
 ti 
 
 
 42 
 39 
 64 
 
 fi 
 
 
 France 
 
 
 58 
 
 II 
 
 
 47 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 111. 
 
 38 
 
 Germany 
 
 
 46 
 
 Ohio . 
 
 
 71 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 111. 
 
 51 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 111. 
 
 39 
 
 Tenn. 
 
 
 63 
 
 France 
 
 
 44 
 
 If 
 
 
 39 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 ,111. 
 
 54 
 
 France 
 
 
 76 
 
TOWNSHIP 1, SOUTH. RANGE 9, WEST. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 P. OFFICE. 
 
 ( Askin, Charles T. 
 t Malinda J. Eiissel 
 ( Altschuh, George 
 •] Altschuli, Jacob 
 ( Mary Keek 
 
 I Baltz, Fred rich 
 \ Ragena Eichert 
 
 ( Backer, Fred. 
 \ Mary Miller 
 
 ( Brenfleck, Valentine 
 \ Barbara Funsch 
 
 ( Bangert, William 
 
 ■! Mary A. Mild 
 
 ( Elvina Schulze 
 
 I Briesaeher, Henry 
 
 \ Catharine Diesel 
 
 J BruegKenjuergen.Herm'n 
 
 \ Victoria Besae 
 ^ J Boemer, Casper 
 ' \ Catharine Roderaicli 
 
 ( Breidecker, P. Fr. 
 
 < Catharine Justin 
 
 I Christiana Herrmann 
 
 J Baur, Franz • 
 
 \ Catharine Weber 
 ( Boemer, Frederick 
 
 t, Catharine Miller 
 
 iBaird, Edward 
 Baird, Evan 
 Baird, Mary 
 J Cajacob, George 
 \ Catharine Greenowold 
 J Dohrmann, Henry, Sr. 
 \ Mary Blette 
 J Doerr, John 
 \ Catherine Brenfleck 
 j Dtfhn, J. George 
 \ Anna B'lrbara Grossmann 
 j Diddrich, August 
 \ Catharine Baker 
 / Dehn, John 
 \ Barbara Eesenberge 
 J Diesel, John M. 
 \ Dorn, Louisa 
 ( Ernst, Jacob 
 { Catharine Loux 
 f Fischer, Christian 
 t Augusta Gust 
 ( HoLs, Rev. F. W. 
 \ Estier Fermenstein 
 j Huber, Henry 
 * \ Sophia E. Krieger 
 j Hinton, Henry 
 \ Catharine Buchholz 
 J Herrmann, Wm. C. 
 \ Catharine Werner 
 f Hoelrtcher, Charles 
 \ Hellena Duthenhaus 
 f Henrici, Jacob E. 
 \ Elizabeth Lindenstruth 
 f Hoepfinger, Jacob 
 \ Catharine Temptner 
 J Hartman, Fred. 
 I MaryA.Eeidlinghaver 
 / Hertel, George 
 \ Magdalena Huppert 
 f Jacobus, Charles 
 \ Margaretha Kropp 
 
 JoneB, Edward 
 I Jacobi, John 
 \ Mary Vogt 
 f Knocke, Henry, Jr. 
 \ Elizabeth Jung 
 f Kalbfleiach, Peter 
 \ Keller, Mary 
 
 Kring, Eugene C. 
 f Keck, John 
 \ Keck, Mary 
 J Kinkel, Philipp 
 I Mary VoUer (nee Kinkel) 
 ( Kern, Henry L. 
 •(Catharine Dewald 
 
 i Catharine Peter {nee Engler) 
 f Lindauer, William 
 t Lindauer, Christine 
 r Little, A. J. 
 ] Little, John M. 
 I Nancy Atchison 
 ( Lindauer, Geo. Jacob 
 \ Lindauer, Catharine 
 
 BESID, 
 
 Sec. 
 
 Sec. 
 
 Died Feb. 
 Millstadt 
 
 Ditd April 
 Millstadt 
 
 Deceased. 
 Millstadt 
 
 Died Jan. 
 
 Mill-itadt 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 22, 1875 
 MUUtarlb 
 
 Sec. 3 
 3 
 
 Sec. 8 
 
 8 
 
 MilUtadt 
 
 5, 18(58 
 
 MilUtadt 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Sec. 
 
 28, 1871 
 
 Sec. 24 
 24 
 
 it 
 it 
 
 Sec. 9 
 9 
 
 tt 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 ti 
 
 ti 
 
 Died July 
 Millstadt 
 
 U, 1875 
 Millstadt 
 
 Died April 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 .Smithtown 
 
 Millstadt 
 Died Sept, 
 Millstadt 
 
 Sec. 8 
 8 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 
 ^ec. 29 
 29 
 
 .29 
 29 
 
 Sec. 
 9, 1863 
 Sec. 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 4, 1865 
 
 Sec. 5 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 Farmer and Stock Kaiser 
 Wife of Chas. T. Askin 
 
 ManuTr of Carriages and Wugoaa 
 
 Father of Geo. Alt«chuh 
 
 Mother 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Fred rich Baltz 
 
 Prop'j or Merctiant aad Oustom Mill 
 
 Wife of Fred. Backer 
 Prop'r of Saloon and Brewer 
 
 Wife of V. Brenfleck 
 
 Butcher 
 
 First wife of Wm. Bangert 
 
 Present wife of " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Henrv Briesaeher 
 
 Gea'l McrdiaDdise, Winea & Liquors 
 Wife of H. Brueggenjuergen 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Casper Boemer 
 
 Manuf r of Saddles aod Haraeaa 
 
 First wife of P. Fr. Breidecker 
 Present " " " 
 
 Prop'r Baur's Mills 
 Wile of Franz Baur 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of F. Boemer 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Father of Edward Baird 
 Mother of " 
 Street Inspector and Contractor 
 Wife of George Cajacob 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 Wife of H. Dohrmann, Sr. 
 Prop. Hotel and Saloon 
 First wife of John Doerr 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of J. George Dehn 
 Blacksmith 
 Wife of A. Diddrich 
 Shoemaker & Postmaster 
 Wife of John Dehn 
 
 Wagon and Buggy Manufacturer 
 
 Wife of J. M.Diesel 
 
 Gardener 
 
 Wife of Jacob Ernst 
 
 Manuf r of Soda Water 
 
 Wife of C. Fisher 
 
 Minister Lutheran Ch. 
 
 Late wife of Eev. F. W. Holls 
 
 Retired Merchant 
 Wife of Henry Huber 
 Manuf'r Carriages and Wagons 
 Wife of Henry Hinton 
 Undertaker & Carpenter 
 Wife of W. C. Herrmann 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Chas. Hoelscher 
 Farmer and Teacher 
 Wife of Jacob E. Henrici 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Jacob Hoepfinger 
 Wagon Manufacturer 
 Wife of Fred. Hartman 
 Farmer and Wine Grower 
 Wife of George Hertel 
 Clerk and Book-keeper 
 Wife of Charles Jacobus 
 School Teacher 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Jacobi 
 Carpenter and Builder 
 Wife of H. Knocke, Jr. 
 Prop. Hotel and Saloon 
 Wife of Peter Kalbfleisch 
 
 Druggist and Medical Student 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Keck 
 Manurr and Dealer in Cigars 
 
 Wife of Philipp Kinkel 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Henry L. Kern 
 Present wife of " " 
 Engineer 
 
 Mother of Wm. Lindauer 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Father of A. J. Little 
 Mother of " " 
 
 Grayson Co. Ky. 
 Gallatin Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 tt tt 
 
 Germany 
 
 Hillstadt.St.ClalrConi 
 
 Baden, Gerina'y 
 Bavaria 
 Germany 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 Rock Island Co. 
 France 
 Germany 
 Prussia 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Ger, 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Cj. 111. 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1 SOtrni, BAXGK 9 WKSr.— [CoNTtNCED.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 f Laughlin, Thomas 
 \ Mary Crowe 
 f Lark, Mrs. E. A. 
 \ Lark, William 
 f Mueller, Thomas 
 \ Helena Bruckert 
 f McBride, W. E. 
 \ .lennie L. Thatcher 
 [ McBride, Mrs. W. J. 
 
 Mar.^cer, Alois 
 f Muskopf, Henry 
 \ Charlotte A. Ullrich 
 f Miller, Louis 
 \ Christina Udech 
 ( Miller, Fred. 
 \ Mary Frank 
 f No! te, George 
 \ Charlotta Buchholz 
 f Oldendorph, Geo,, Jr. 
 \ Mary Briesacker 
 / Probstmeyer, Charles 
 \ Leonora Wagner 
 
 Pommer, Rev. Louis 
 f Petri, Henry 
 \ Mary Momeger 
 / Preusher, William 
 \ Louisa Henecke 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Died Dec, 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 It 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 48' I /Roach, R. 
 
 Fleming Co.Ky 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 it 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Darmstadt, Ger. 
 
 It It 
 
 Germany 
 
 Darmstadt, Ger. 
 
 Bayern, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Hancock Co. 111. 
 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 tt ti 
 
 Germany 
 ,St. Clair Go. 111. 
 Germany 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Germany 
 
 Parmer, Wine Grower & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of G. J. Lindauer 
 
 111. 
 
 Prussia 
 St. Clair Co 
 New York 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co, III 
 
 Germany 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 Germany 
 
 111 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 37 
 
 27l 
 
 07| 
 
 47| 
 
 37i 
 
 56! 
 
 56, 
 
 58j 
 
 54 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 47 
 
 53 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 42 
 
 69 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 43 
 
 51 
 
 36 
 
 53 
 
 44 
 
 56 
 
 58 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 46 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 61 
 
 40 
 
 61 
 
 33 
 
 47 
 
 59 
 
 45 
 
 78 
 
 47 
 
 80 
 
 53 
 
 56 
 
 46! 
 
 47 
 
 56 
 
 46, 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 50 
 
 36 
 
 35 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 20 
 
 29 
 
 53 
 
 43 
 
 p. OFFICE. 
 
 1 A. N. Tarr 
 
 f Rudolf, George 
 
 \ Catharine Schneider 
 
 f Roos, Valentine 
 
 1 Magd ilina Freardich 
 
 / Shoening, Ed. F. 
 
 l Lina Brueker 
 
 I Schwinn, L. P. 
 
 \ Klizabeth Scherming 
 
 ( Schneider, Emil 
 
 \ I jzzie Herr 
 
 ( Schlernitzauer, Adolph 
 
 \ Mary Ball 
 
 i Mary H. Palmer 
 
 / Sclineider, George 
 
 1 Mary Euhl 
 
 f Schmahlenberger,D.C. 
 
 1 Caroline P.Ohlendorph 
 
 f Sieber. William 
 
 \ Mary Dome 
 
 / Saltenberger, John 
 
 1 Louisa Suemnicht 
 
 Theobald, Jacob 
 
 Theobald, Louis 
 f Theobald, Nick 
 \ Margaret Mueller 
 / Tegtmeier, Henry 
 1 Christeno Bodenhagen 
 / Vogel, Fredrich 
 1 Veildt, Gustena 
 / Wagner, Louis J. 
 I Plliss Diehl 
 i Weible, Trumbull 
 I Weible, John 
 I Jane Townsler 
 r Wilkens Franz 
 \ Philipena Hartman 
 f Werner, John 
 \ Mary Eopp 
 
 Died June 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 (( 
 
 Belleville 
 
 tc 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Sec. 20 
 20 
 
 Millstadt 
 25, 1870 
 
 Sec. 11 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Sec. 22 
 22 
 17 
 17 
 
 30, 1880 
 
 Died Dec, 
 Millstadt 
 
 18, 1872 
 
 Sec. 
 
 11 
 
 Sec. 13 
 
 tt 
 
 13 
 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 tt 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 Sec. 16 
 
 Died 
 
 1865 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Sec. 16 
 
 (( 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 it 
 
 It 
 
 it 
 
 Sec. 16 
 
 tt 
 
 16 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Thos. Laughlin 
 Retired 
 
 Late husband of E. A. Lark 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Thomas Mueller 
 Farmer and Stock Dealer 
 Wife of W. E. McBride 
 Mother of " " 
 
 Farmer an.I Thrasher 
 Farmer and Stock Rai-'er 
 Wife of Henry Muskopf 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Louis Miller 
 Blacksmith 
 Wife of Fre.I. Miller 
 Stove and Tin Store 
 Wife of George Nolte 
 Blacksmith 
 
 Wife of Q.Oldendorph, Jr. 
 •lustice of the Peace 
 Wife of C. Probstmeyer 
 Pastor C itholic Church 
 Boot and Shoe Manufacturer 
 
 Wife of Henry Petri 
 
 Manufacturer of Wagons 
 
 Wife of Wm. Preusher 
 
 Prop. Grist and Saw Mill 
 
 Wile of R. Roach 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of George Rudolf 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Valentine Roos 
 
 Miller 
 
 Wife of Ed. F. Shoening 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of L, P. Schwinn 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Emil Schneider 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 First wife of A. Scljlernitzauer 
 
 Present " " " 
 
 Engineer 
 
 Wife of George Schneider 
 
 Blacksmith 
 
 Wife of D. C. Schraahlenberger 
 
 MTr of Carriages, Wagons, Plow8,&c. 
 
 Wife of William Sieber 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Wife of J. Saltenberaer 
 Clerk and Book-keeper 
 Harness Maker 
 General Merchandise 
 Wife of Nick Theobald 
 Manuf'r and Dealer in Clothing 
 
 Wife of Henry Tegtmeier 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Fredrich Vogel 
 Village Clerk, and Restaui-ant 
 
 Wife of Louis J. Wagner 
 Farmer and Stock Eaiser 
 Father of T. Weible 
 Mother of " 
 
 Prop. Cigar Factory No.81 
 Wife of Franz Wilkens 
 Farmer and Stock Eaiser 
 Wife of John Werner 
 
 NewOrleans, La 
 
 Ireland 
 
 .St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 England 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 Germany 
 
 111. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 it it 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 41 
 69 
 21 
 40 
 53 
 53 
 49 
 52 
 14 
 57 
 35 
 .35 
 42 
 33 
 43 
 68 
 50 
 54 
 42 
 58 
 59 
 54 
 71 
 44 
 49 
 49 
 52 
 37 
 Adams Co. III. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 46 
 NewAil)any,Ind 54 
 35 
 36 
 58 
 58 
 50 
 56 
 52 
 53 
 43 
 42 
 
 Germany 
 
 Bellevill •, 111. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 France 
 Washington Co. 111. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Hancock Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 it 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 it tt 
 
 Germany 
 
 49 
 54 
 50 
 
 57 
 52 
 80 
 48 
 57 
 56 
 55 
 55 
 55 
 53 
 56 
 57 
 59 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 50 
 Bavaria |65 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 60 
 
 Tuscarawas Co. 0. 33 
 
 New York 21 
 
 Germany 47 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 43 
 Germany j43 
 
 Monroe Co. 111. 57 
 
 TOWKSHIP I SOUTH, RANGE 7 WEST. 
 
 /Barthel, Henry 
 
 (.Gertrude, Bum b 
 
 f Blinu, Daniel 
 
 \ Blinn, Jacob 
 
 f Blattner. Samuel 
 
 t Caroline Blum 
 
 f Becker, Charles 
 
 t Katie Reich ert 
 
 C Costello, William 
 
 I Nancv S. Turner 
 
 / Dare," Phil. C. 
 
 \ Nancy Irwin 
 
 f Fiedler, Louis 
 
 t Rosa Valentine 
 
 J Fietsam, Charles 
 
 1 Mary Phil. Zoeller 
 
 /Griffin, John 
 
 1 Ellen Wilderman 
 
 / Herman, Peter Jr. 
 
 1 Margt. E. Reinheimer 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 Sec. 
 
 Belleville 
 Fayetteviir 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 F'hurg General Merchant 
 
 Wife of Henry Barthel 
 Farmer and Stock Eaiser 
 
 Kerr Heas«, Ger. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Switzerland 
 Columbia Co. O 
 
 Hesse Daroistadt, Ger- 
 
 man; 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Madison Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 
 F'burg'Carpenter and Builder 
 
 Wife of Samuel Blattner 
 
 Mill Clerk 
 
 Wife of Charles Becker 
 
 Book Keeper 
 
 Wife of William Costello 
 
 Druggist 
 
 Wife of Phil C. Dare 
 Sec. 17 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 17 Wife of Louis Fiedler 
 36 Farmer and Stock Eaiser . 
 
 36 Wife of Charles Fietsaml^t- 'f'."^ *^°,„ - 
 
 Farmer and Stock Eaiser St Uair Co. lU. 37 
 
 Wife of John Grifiin I . '47 
 
 40 
 58 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 4) 
 73 
 57 
 39 
 
 52 
 49 
 54 
 
 I50 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 F'burg 
 
 rspn'l Meroh'dise A Far. Imp ' 
 Wife of P. Herman, Jr.! 
 
 ) Darmstadt, Oer- 
 
 48 
 54 
 
TOWNSHIP 1 SOUTH, UANGK 7 WEST.-LContinued ] 
 
 KAME. 
 
 P. OFFICE. 
 
 J Held, Jolin 
 I Caroline Fleury 
 (Hill, Peter G. 
 iP^lizabeth Tate 
 J.Heizniann, Oto 
 1 Carrie Harsch 
 J Hudson, Oeorge A. 
 \ Mary Dartnstaetter 
 ( Lemen, Robert W. 
 \ Barbara E. Stookey 
 I Lemen, George C. 
 < Lemen, George C. Sen. 
 'Maria Griffin 
 f Miller, W. S. 
 I Ella Hill 
 I Miller, Jacob 
 I Matv McGuire 
 J Maserang, Nicholas 
 I Mary Skaer 
 (■Miller, Peter 
 \ Barbara Poirot 
 ( Phillips, B F. 
 \ Elizabeth J. Hill 
 f R^ichert, Joseph 
 liMariah Uauth 
 (Reinheimer, Frederick 
 I Mariah E. Balz 
 ( Reinheimer, George J. 
 ICath. S. Kohlhauff 
 J RiLtenhoiiS', Ham'l R 
 \ Louisa C. Englaild 
 
 Reichert, Augusta 
 f Smith, Joseph P. 
 \ Ruth, M. Cliesney 
 j.Spitznass, Herman 
 \'Mary Funck 
 r Spitznasa, Richard 
 I Nancy J. Helems 
 ( Doroihea Helems 
 f Wilderman, W. H. 
 \ Carrie C. Rauch 
 f Wolf, Adam Jr. 
 \ Elizabeth Guenlher 
 
 Wilderman, James 
 f Wilderman, F. A. 
 \ Martha Pitts 
 f Wilderman, J. C. 
 \ M irgaret O. McBride 
 I Winkler, George 
 \ Catharine Hilsin? 
 ( Wilderman, H. H. 
 \ Rosella Moore 
 j Wildeiman. John H. 
 -j Elizabeth Rider 
 I Joseph Wilderman 
 J Waellz, William 
 \ Barbara Dressel 
 
 Wirtschoreck, Rev. A. 
 
 Fneburg 
 
 F'burg 
 
 Died Nov. 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 u 
 
 li 
 
 Died May 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 (( 
 
 Belleville 
 Freeburg 
 
 Died Nov. 
 Kreebnrg 
 
 Belleville 
 
 (4 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 Belleville 
 Freeburg 
 
 Belleville 
 Freeburg 
 
 Fayettcville 
 Died Mar. 
 rayetteville 
 
 Sec. 31 
 
 3, '57 
 
 Sec. 31 
 31 
 31 
 
 13. '71 
 
 F'burg 
 i( 
 
 3ur. 38!l 
 
 389 
 Sec. 
 
 F'bura 
 
 1, '70 
 
 Sec. 17 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 F'burg 
 
 .Sec 19 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 F burg 
 
 Bee. 
 Sur. 772 
 772 
 Sec 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 J. P. & Propr. ( f Saloon 
 Wife of John Heiil 
 Propr. of Livery & Exp. Agt. 
 Wife of Peter C. Hill 
 Si loon Keeper 
 Wife of Otto Heizmann 
 Goal Miner 
 Wife of G. A. Hudson 
 i'^armer and Stock Raisei 
 Wife of R. W. Lemen 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Father of Geo. C. Lemen 
 Mother of " " 
 Farmer and Stock Riisei 
 WifeofW.S Mille- 
 Farmer and S oi'k R-.iisei 
 Wife of Jacob Miller 
 Painter & Dlr. in Paint 
 Wife of Nich. Maseranfi 
 Fanner and Stock Raisei 
 Wife of Peter Miller 
 Farmer and S <ick Raisei 
 Wife of B. F. Phillips 
 Propr. of Potter's Mill 
 Wife of Joaeph Reicher; 
 Retired 
 
 Late wife of F. Reinbeimei 
 Farmer and Stock Raisei 
 Wife of G. J. Reinheimer 
 Firmer and Stock Raisei 
 Wife of S. R. Rittenhouse 
 Propri tor of Brewery 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Jos. P. Smith 
 Farmer and Stock Kaiser 
 ^yife of Her. Spitznass 
 Farmer and Stuck Raise 
 Wife of Rich. Spilznass 
 Mother of Nancy Helems 
 Propr. of Fredrick Mill^ 
 WifeofW.H.Wildermai 
 Propr. Fr<-eburg Hotel 
 Wife of Adam Wolf, Jr 
 Farmer and Stock Raisei 
 
 Hesse Darmsl'dt 
 St. Clair Go. 111. 
 
 Wife of F. A. Wilderman 
 1 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of J. C. Wilderman 
 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Geo. Winkler 
 6 Agent for gri'l Imp. 
 WifeofH. H.Wilderman 
 2-0 Farmer and Stook Raisei 
 15, '76'Late wife of J. H. Wildorman 
 Sec. 15 S m of 
 
 F'burg 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of Wm. Waeltz 
 
 I Pastor St. ./nseph. St. .John 
 X the Bapt. & St. Augusta Ch. 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 2 
 
 5fi 
 44 
 30 
 31 
 57 
 
 New York City 63 
 77 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 56 
 3.5 
 38 
 58 
 33 
 38 
 49 
 50 
 04 
 18 
 49 
 58 
 42 
 55 
 34 
 53 
 47 
 3.5 
 54 
 54 
 34 
 43 
 51 
 75 
 50 
 41 
 55 
 52 
 .50 
 52 
 54 
 52 
 51 
 52 
 54 
 56 
 
 rawford Go.Pa. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Lorraine France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 i^ (( 
 
 Baden, Ger. 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 iHefiHe Darnialadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Darmstadt, Ger. 
 liheinbyer, Ger 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 Washington Oo.Ill. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Pru-isia 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 it. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Baden, Ger. 
 tCerr Hessen 
 it. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 32 
 34 
 27 
 35 
 
 HeBHe Darmstadt, Ocr-'4S 
 
 miiny 
 St. Louis, Mo. 60 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. .5' 
 Madison Co. III. 7. 
 St. Clair Co. 111,26 
 30 
 58 
 
 Germany 33 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 40 
 
 Germany 73 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 SOUTH, UANGK 8, WE8T. 
 
 {Birkner, John 
 Christina B. Schorr 
 Anna M. Saubert 
 
 / Fleckenstein, Joseph 
 
 t Mary Ann Wachtel 
 
 ( Hill, Josiah P. 
 
 t Jane Smith Died 
 
 /. Horn, Leonhard 
 
 I. Marg. Gruber (nee Leffler) 
 
 i Hirst, Ellen (neeBara- 
 < Thos. Parker,died fber 
 
 I Hirst, George [Died 
 J Higgins, Bt-nj. [Carr 
 t Higgins, Sarah (nee 
 j McQuillan, Edward 
 t Jane Thompson 
 / Maeller, Jacob 
 \ Catharine Darmstetter 
 / Parker, James 
 \ Anna Carter 
 f.Rettinghouse, Benj C. 
 
 Hecker 
 Died Mch. 
 Hecker 
 Smithton 
 Died Dec. 
 Smithton 
 Detfr 23, 
 Hecker 
 
 Sec. 31 Farmer 
 
 4, 1865,1st Wife John Birkner 
 
 Sec. 31 2d Wife " 
 
 Sec. 7| Farmer & Stfick Ral'er 
 
 2, 1872|Wifeof Job. Fleckenstein 
 
 Sec. 2 Farmer & Stook Raiser 
 
 {Mary Carr. Died 
 
 Susan Quick 
 J Schwartz. John F. 
 t Hannah Pefeffer 
 J Talbot, Hilleary S. 
 t ^lliouisa I^abbermaif 
 
 May 12 
 June 26, 
 
 Smithton, 
 
 i( 
 
 Hecker 
 ti 
 
 Nw Athens 
 
 u 
 
 Hecker 
 ti 
 
 Smithton 
 March 1, 
 Smithton, 
 
 1878 Late Wife of J. P. Smith 
 
 Sec. 30 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Sic 30 Wife of Leonhard Horn 
 
 Sec. 33 Retired 
 
 1857 1st Husband of E. Hirst 
 
 1880 Late " 
 
 Sec. 4 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 See. 4 Mother Benj. Higgins 
 
 Sec. 31 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Sec. 31 Wife of E. McQuillan 
 
 S'y 607 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 ■ 607 Wife of Jacob Mueller 
 Sec. 33 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Sec. 33 Wife of James Parker 
 Sec. 16 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 1874 1st wf B. C. Rettinghouse 
 Sec. 16 Pr. " " 
 Sec. 14 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Sec. 14Wifeof JohnF.Schwartz 
 Sec. 14 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Sec. 14 Wife Hilleary S. 'falbot 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 II u 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 ti (( 
 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 England 
 
 Lancashi'e, Enu 
 
 St. Clair Co.. Ill 
 ti (t If 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Glair Co., HI 
 
 Preus Minden, G. 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2, NORTH, EANGE 8, WEbT. 
 
 / Ainsbrey, Mary R. (jiceErliDKer.) 
 
 I Amsbrey, John 
 / Begole, B F. 
 t Hulda Price 
 f Begole, William R. 
 t Elizabeth Porter 
 ( Beedle, S. H. 
 \ Bowler, Ellen 
 I Bowler, G. W., Jr. 
 \ Harriet E. Simpson 
 
 Bevirt, John M. 
 
 Elizabeth Sparks 
 f Beedle, Warren 
 \ Mary C. Hunter 
 
 Begole, C. S. 
 
 Begole, Ijaiira M. 
 ( Bell, John H. 
 \ Buckley, Ann 
 ( Badgley, James A. 
 \ Lucy SisBOm 
 f Badgley, Simeon 
 \ Louisa Reid 
 / Brake, Jackson 
 \ Mary Oglesby 
 
 {Begole, F. M. 
 Begole, Joshua 
 Mary Terry 
 Budde, Jacob 
 Eliza Nurden 
 ( Baldus, George 
 \ Josephine Schulthaes 
 
 {Cooper, A. J. 
 Ann E, Sipple 
 Martha L. McGuire 
 {Dixon, G. S. 
 Nancy Aultman 
 Eliza Badgley 
 / Deppe. William 
 \ Fredrika Kuhlmann 
 f Eversmann, Louis 
 \ Loui.^a Gansmann 
 f Freder, George 
 \ Sebilla Row 
 
 r Formaa. Rebecca, (nee Beedle.) 
 
 \ Forman, Isaac 
 j Fletcher, William 
 \ Julia Ridgway 
 f Glenn, Thomas 
 1 Hannah C. Phillips 
 ( Hogan, Harriet J. 
 \ Hogan, James 
 / Hneckel, John 
 \ Josephine T. Baldus 
 
 f Hoeckcr, Caroline, (/tee Wedel.) 
 
 \ Hoecker, Henry 
 
 Hoeltmann, John T. 
 
 Magdalena Ermann 
 
 Charlotte Peters 
 ( Plueckel, Willianrll. 
 I Anne M. Maise 
 f Kuhlmann, William 
 1 A una Hastcotta 
 / Kampmeycr, C. H. 
 I Mary Reipsoh lager 
 f Koehler, Henry 
 I Mary Kramer 
 
 Le'men, Fred 
 / Lemin, Geo'ge S. 
 I Sarah Begole 
 
 Lemen, .loseph B. 
 I Millett, Thomas 
 1 Hannali Hooley 
 / Matter, John 
 I Catherine Geil 
 f Meckfessel, Henry 
 I Elizabeth Gaussnian 
 f Moorhouse. James 
 1 Hannah Thompson 
 / Miller, J. R. 
 \ Malin(la Nickols 
 f Nearen, James 
 \ Nicene Gaskill 
 ( Need ham, Matthew 
 < Martha Williamson 
 ( Mary Atchison 
 f Owings, Thomas P. 
 \ Frances Goodrich 
 / Ovelgoenner, August 
 \ Caroline Kampmeyer 
 
 p. OITPICE. 
 
 Kiijge Prairie 
 
 Died Nov 
 
 liiilge Prairie 
 
 'ollinsvilli 
 
 (( 
 
 O' Fallon 
 
 (1 
 
 Caaeyville 
 a 
 
 Itidge Prairie 
 i( 
 
 (t 
 
 a 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died Oct 
 
 Collinsv'le 
 
 Died Mar. 
 
 .^oUinsv'le 
 
 Ridge Prairii' 
 (( 
 
 French Viirg*- 
 a 
 
 Ridge Prairie 
 Died J an 
 Ridge Prairie 
 
 Believiiie 
 Died Dec. 
 Belleville 
 
 Ridge Prairie 
 Died July 
 
 Casey ville 
 
 (( 
 
 0' Fallon 
 
 Died Oct. 
 GoUinsv'U, 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Collinsv'lli 
 
 Died Apr. 
 
 Collins v' Ik 
 
 Died Feb. 
 Caseyville 
 
 Died Mar. 
 Caseyville 
 
 Hidgi^ Pniirie 
 i( 
 
 Gasevville 
 'tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 CoUinsv'lle 
 
 U 
 i, 
 tt 
 
 Ridge Prairie 
 
 u 
 
 Caseyville 
 
 'it 
 
 ■Ridge Prairie 
 
 « 
 
 Caseyville 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 CoUinsv'le 
 
 Died May 
 CoUinsvllt 
 O'Fallon 
 
 it 
 
 Caseyville 
 
 Sec. 29 
 
 6, /79 
 .Sec. 26 
 
 26 
 21 
 24 
 15 
 15 
 14 
 14 
 23 
 23 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 
 Alma 
 
 it 
 
 Sec. 34 
 34 
 34 
 
 33 
 
 15, '79 
 
 Sec. 3 
 
 2, '74 
 
 .Sec. 3 
 
 3: 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 3( 
 
 2; 
 
 18.51 
 Sec. 23 
 31 
 5l 
 Sec. 34 
 2< 
 
 9, '79 
 Sec. 19 
 
 19 
 27 
 
 2: 
 
 22 
 
 27, '78 
 
 .Sec. 4 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 3^ 
 
 2 
 
 7, '75 
 Sec. 9 
 
 9 
 4 
 
 10, '71 
 
 Caaeyvle 
 
 19, '6.- 
 
 CaicyvU 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Sec. 3: 
 32 
 
 1! 
 19 
 18 
 18 
 1 
 
 S. 36 Mad 
 
 Sec. : 
 Alma 
 
 Sec. 10 
 10 
 29 
 29 
 
 Casey v'le 
 
 C| 
 
 Sec. 6 
 6 
 11 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 19, '78 
 Sec. 4 
 25 
 25 
 20 
 2(1 
 
 Farmer and Hotel 
 Late hns, of Mary R, Amsb'y 
 F'armerand Stock Raiser 
 Wife of B. F. Begole 
 Farmer and Stocik Raiser 
 Wife of Wm. R. Begole 
 Fiirmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of S H. Beedle 
 Farmer and Stock Raise 
 Wife of G. W. Bowler, Jr 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John M. Bevirt 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of Warren Beedle 
 F^ar ..erand Stock Raiser 
 Wife of C. S. Begole 
 Pit Boss Gartside Coal Mine 
 Wife of John H. Bell 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of J. A. Badgley 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of S. Badgley 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Late wife of Jack. Brak^ 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Father of F. M. Begole 
 Widow of Joshua Begole 
 Farmer and Stock Rtiser 
 Wife of Jacob Budde 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Geo. Baldus 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 1st wife of A. J. Cooper 
 Pre.s. " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Ist wife of G. S. Dixon 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Parm. t Road Supervr Dist. No. 11, 
 
 Late wife of Wm. Deppe 
 I'armer and Stock RaLser 
 Wife of L. Ever-mann 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of George Freder 
 Retired Farmer 
 Late bus. of Reb. Forman 
 
 Goai UIdc £ Pit Ro.:s Ooe-S th prop. 
 Spring ITell. 
 
 Wife of Fletcher, William 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Thomas Glenn 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 Late hus. Har. J. Hogan 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of John Hneckel 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 Late hus. of Car. Hoecker 
 
 Gen Mer.&CoalOperat'r 
 
 1st wife J. T. Hoeltmann 
 
 Pre^. •• 
 
 Merchant 
 
 VVife of Wm. H. Hueckel 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Wm. Kuhlmann 
 
 Farmer an.l Stock Rais i 
 
 Wife C. H. Kampmeyer 
 
 Farmer nod Stock Raisei 
 
 Wife of Henry Koehler 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raisei 
 It II 
 
 Wife of G. S. Lemen 
 Farm. & Newspaper Corres. 
 Supt. Gartsirle Coal Mine 
 ^yife of Thomas Millett 
 Farmer and Stock RaLser 
 Wife of John Malter 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Hen. Meckfessel 
 Farmer and Constable 
 Wife of Jas. Moorhouse 
 Farmer & Fruit Grower 
 Wife of J. R. Miller 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of James Nearen 
 
 Coal Mine & Pit lioss Oae-Qfth 
 Proprt tor Spriii t Well. 
 
 l3t wife of Matt. Needhum 
 Pres " '■ 
 
 Farmer and Stock Rai.ser 
 Wife of Thos. P Owings 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of A ug. O V elgoenner 
 
 KATIVITY. 
 
 France 
 It 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 lohnson Co. Mo 
 St. Clair Go. Ill 
 
 Williamson Co. Ten 
 St. Glair Co. 111. 
 Miami Co. Ohio 
 AugustaCo. Va. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Cook Co. 111. 
 Durham Go Enc 
 Pa. ^ 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Greene Co. Ohio 
 
 St. Glair Go. HI. 
 
 Maryland 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Hanover; Ger. 
 Madison Co. 111. 
 France 
 
 Cantoo SwitE, Switzl' 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 (( 
 
 Cape Girardeau Go. Vo 
 
 Stokes Co. N. C. 
 
 Indiana 
 
 St Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Lippe, Detmoldt, Pras. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Madison Co. 111. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Miami Go. Ohio 
 
 Bourbon Co. Ky 
 
 Chish'e Co. Eng 
 If 
 
 Lincoln Co. N.C. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Louden Go. Va. 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 .\lsace, France 
 
 CaotoD Scliwyz, SwitE. 
 
 Prussia 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 Prus<ia 
 
 it 
 
 Hanover, Pruss. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 St.. Louis, Mo. 
 Prussia 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Cheshire, Eng 
 (I 
 
 Bavaria, G«r. 
 
 11 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 If 
 
 Lancashire, Eng 
 Meigs Co. Ohio 
 Warren Co. O. 
 Overton Co. Tenn. 
 Monroe Co. III. 
 Broome Co. N.Y 
 Cheshire, Eng 
 
 Lancashire, ISjg 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 JeJftrsop Co. N. Y. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clafit; Co." 111. 
 
 aJ 
 
 XI 
 
 42 
 
 52 
 
 28 
 
 58 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 40 
 
 42 
 
 38- 
 
 37 
 
 44 
 
 39 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 42 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 60 
 
 39 
 
 49 
 
 a 
 
 1« 
 18 
 17 
 38 
 20 
 08 
 45 
 78 
 54 
 54 
 29 
 38 
 50 
 44 
 45 
 12 
 48 
 55 
 46 
 58 
 45 
 45 
 18 
 
 ■>o 
 
 63 
 66 
 62 
 36 
 59 
 19 
 51 
 53 
 42 
 44 
 55 
 55 
 70 
 52 
 78 
 6i 
 6S 
 40 
 46 
 5« 
 .■)3 
 49 
 27 
 26 
 36 
 63 
 65 
 53 
 53 
 57 
 >7 
 56 
 i2 
 58 
 53 
 07 
 10 
 58 
 62 
 56 
 30 
 44 
 58 
 56 
 
TOWNSHIP 2 TfORTIT, E^NGB 8 WEST -[Contintjed]. 
 
 f Owens, John W. 
 \ Mary A. Jones 
 ( P.ggolt, Levi 
 \ Mary A. Kegole 
 Pflflher, Edward 
 f " Hi-nry 
 \ Elizabeth Riget 
 J Pausoli, lieorge 
 . \ Elizat)i'th Conrad 
 f Pausch, Gi orge, Jr. 
 \ Magdalna Hneclifl 
 J Rutherford, W. H. 
 \ Dida C. Rittenhonse 
 fRittenhouse, Wm. J. 
 ■j France-i Wilderman 
 ( Sar.th AuU, (jice Glenn) 
 
 1^ Smiley, Hary (nee Christy) 
 
 J James Porter 
 
 ( Matthew A. Smiley 
 
 j Boper, Milbuni 
 
 \ Araminta Whiteside 
 
 j Smith, George W. 
 
 I Christina Wilson 
 
 j Seibel. John 
 
 \ Anna C. Heardt 
 
 J Stiles, Amos 
 
 \ Emma 1. Brake 
 
 Skinner, William F. 
 f Taylor, Joseph 
 
 \ Mary Gartaide, (nee Wliitdiead) 
 
 ( 'I'routmann, F. 
 \ Dorotha Deck 
 f Wellner, Fritz 
 
 \ Mina Neibraegge, (nee Rlctie) 
 
 J Ward, James 
 I Jane Hargeraves 
 I Wiggins, J. L , M. D. 
 \ Louisa Moeller 
 J Webb, Emanuel 
 \ Sarah Mowe 
 
 P. OFFICE 
 
 RESID. 
 
 Caseyville 
 
 it 
 
 Oaeeyvlc 
 tt 
 
 Eidge Prairi» 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 « 
 
 16 
 
 0' Fallon 
 
 3.5 
 
 " 
 
 3.5 
 
 tt 
 
 3.5 
 
 Collinsv'le 
 
 1] 
 
 li 
 
 11 
 
 it 
 
 12 
 
 a 
 
 15! 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 23 
 
 n 
 
 23 
 
 Ridge Prairie 
 
 34 
 
 Died May 
 
 20, '73 
 
 Kidge Prairie 
 
 Sec. 34 
 
 
 24 
 
 Died Aug. 
 
 30, '38 
 
 
 1847 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Sec. 14 
 
 Died Aug. 
 
 22, '46 
 
 Ridge Prairie 
 tt 
 
 Form'n 
 
 it 
 
 Sec. 27 
 
 It 
 
 27 
 
 Belleville 
 
 33 
 
 tt 
 
 33 
 
 Kidge Prairie 
 tt 
 
 Alma 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 Casevville 
 
 Sec. 9 
 
 >( 
 
 9 
 
 Ridge Prairie 
 
 33 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 Alma 
 
 Caseyville 
 
 Caseyv'le 
 
 
 tt 
 
 ti 
 
 tt 
 
 It 
 
 tt 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 General Merch. & J. P. 
 Wife 6{ John W. Owens 
 
 Farmer & Sorgham Manuf r 
 Wife of Levi Piggott 
 
 Farmer and Stock Kaiser 
 tt it 
 
 Wife of Heniy Pfiffner 
 Farmer and Siock Raiser 
 Wife of George Pausch 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife Geoige Paus(;h, Jr, 
 Farmer ami Stock Raiser 
 Wife W. H. Rutherford 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 1st. w. of W. J. Rittenh'se 
 Pns. " 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 1st. hus. of Mary Smiley 
 Late " 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 Late wife of M. Soper 
 Engineer Gartside C'al M'ne 
 Wife of Geo. W. Smith 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Seibel 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Amos Stiles 
 Engin'r Gartside Coal Mine 
 Gen. Merchant & Saloon 
 Wife of Joseph Taylor 
 Farmer and Stock Raise 
 Wife of F". Troutraann 
 Farmer and Stock Raisei 
 Wife of Fritz Wellner 
 Mine Ins. of St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Wife of James Ward 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Wife of J. L Wigiiins 
 Gen. Merch. & Farmer 
 Wile of E. Webb 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 Monm'aths'e, Eng 
 St. Louis Co. Mo 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 tt 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Lincoln Co N.C. 
 Butler Co. Ohio 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Bedford Co. Ten 
 
 Prince George Co. Md. 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 Nottiaghainshire, Eng. 
 
 Liverpool, Eng. 
 
 Hesse Dartnstadi, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 tt 
 
 Montgomery Co. Mo. 
 
 Lancashire, Eng 
 
 (( 
 
 ll.sace, France 
 It 
 
 Lippe, Dettmold, Frus. 
 
 rt'ussia 
 
 Cheshire, Eng. 
 
 Penna. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 New Ulm, Minn 
 
 Casevville, Ky. 
 
 England 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2, NORTH, RANGE 9, WEST, 
 
 f Boueau, Joseph 
 \ Odill Penscmeau 
 J Bonl, Nicholas 
 I Berthelsmann, Mary C, 
 J B(me;iu, Amelia . 
 1 Boneau, Lambert 
 I Koisseau, Louis 
 J. Pauline Giradine 
 I Emma Kramer 
 f Boisseau, Dominique 
 Elizabeth Jaquet 
 Boisseau, Hnrbert 
 Boisseau, Bridget 
 J Davinroy, Magdalena 
 I Davinroy, Nicholas 
 f Doctor, Jacob 
 t Elizabeth Dnrk 
 / Delorme, Joseph 
 I Mary N. This 
 j Draper, George W. 
 \ Jane J. Jones 
 J Gandillot, L. 
 I Mary Boisseau 
 f Hallows, William 
 -j Caroline A. Williams 
 
 ( Mnry J Thornton, 'nee Williams) 
 
 f Jerome. Theophilus 
 I Joi'ephine Simonin 
 f Jones, Ambrose Sen. 
 I Harriet Turner 
 
 Klein, Rev. John Peter 
 f Lepage, Jo.seph 
 ■j Mary Grundine 
 I Mary C. Hag. n 
 
 fLarobadier, Francis 
 Margarite Grimont 
 Mary A. Marcelle 
 j Marl in, Victorine 
 I Marlin, John B. 
 f Martin, Carrol 
 I Marv M. Richee 
 Morbach, Dominique 
 Therse Rombardier 
 
 Philomina Piquard, (neeBeatry) 
 
 [Edward Piquard 
 
 French Vill'ge 
 
 Died Oct. 
 French Vill'ge' 
 
 Died Nov. 
 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 
 Died Nov. 
 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 
 Died Mar. 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 Died- Feb, 
 
 Casevville 
 **t 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 It 
 
 Caseyville 
 tt 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 Died Mar. 
 
 E. St. Lonis 
 
 French Vill'ge 
 ti 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 (( 
 
 French Viirge 
 (( 
 
 Died Jan. 
 
 French Till'ge 
 n 
 
 Died Aug. 
 
 Trench ViU'ge 
 
 Died Oct. 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 tt 
 
 Casevville 
 Died Apr. 
 
 Caseyville 
 Died May 
 
 Sec. 26 
 
 26 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 22, '66 
 
 Sec. 26 
 
 21, '72 
 
 Sec. 26 
 
 23 
 
 4, '76 
 
 Sec. 23 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 14, '77 
 
 Sec. 16 
 
 8, '66 
 
 Sec. 12 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 25, '62 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 Fr.ViH'ge 
 
 Sec. 27 
 1, '59 
 
 Sec. 27 
 
 23 
 
 3, '60 
 
 Sec. 23 
 22 
 
 19, '72 
 16 
 16 
 15 
 
 13, '63 
 
 Sec. 15 
 63 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Joseph Boneau 
 Farmer & Justice of Peace 
 Wife of Nicholas Boul 
 Retired Farmer 
 Late hus. of Amelia Boneau 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 1st wife of Louis Boisseau 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Late wife of "D. Boisseau 
 Son of D. & E. Boisseau 
 Wife of Hurbert " 
 Retired Farmer 
 Late hus. of M. Davinroy 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Late wife of Jacob Doctor 
 Farmer an<l Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Joseph Delorme 
 Farmer & School Teacher 
 Wife of Geo. W. Draper 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of L. Gandillot 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 1st wife of Wm. Hallows 
 Pres. " 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of T. Jerome 
 Far. and Fruit Grower 
 Wife of A. Jones, Sen. 
 Pas. St. Philip's Cath.Ch. 
 Farmer & Justice of Peace 
 1st wife of Jos. Lepage 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Far. and Frnit Grower 
 1st wife Fran. Larobadier 
 Pres. ;' " 
 
 Farming & Stock Raising 
 Late hus. of V. Marlin 
 Far. anil Fruit Grower 
 Wife of Caml Martin 
 F'armer and Stock Raiser 
 1st wife of D. Morbach 
 Pres. " " 
 
 l.st. hus. of Phil. Morbach 
 
 Cass. Co. Ind. 
 •St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 Paris, France 
 .St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Alsace, France 
 France 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 It 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 France 
 
 Oneida Co. N.Y. 
 Wayne Co. N.Y 
 France 
 
 Cheshire Co. Eng. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Kent Co. Eng. 
 
 It 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 It 
 
 France 
 
 Fo it'v Co Tenn 
 tt. Clair Co. 111. 
 1 1,1 nee 
 
 Switzerland 
 France 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 NOETH, l?Ji>-GE 9 WEST.— [Continued.] 
 
 j Mozer, Victor 
 I Amelia Hagen 
 f Pensoneau, Stephen 
 -j Adeline Bellange 
 ( Barbara Eckmann 
 r Pope, A. B. 
 \ Celia Marlin 
 J Paridy, Francis 
 t Julia "Tillotson 
 j Richee, Louis E. 
 
 < Franoca Riclicc, (nee Nurdin.) 
 
 ( Richee John C. 
 f Renlaud, Antoin 
 ■1 Magda ine.Shoeubrag'r 
 
 Sickmann, Casper 
 
 Elizo Biondieis 
 
 Theiesa Horein 
 ( Shultz, .lohn 
 1 Amelia M. Williams 
 fToussaint, Anthcmy 
 J Toussaint, Frank 
 \ Adele Delome 
 [ Toussaint, Edward 
 I Thomas, Nicholas 
 ■j Mary Simonin 
 i Barbara Germain 
 ( Warning, H. 
 I Eliza Witte 
 ( Mary Lueokerayer 
 
 p. OFFICE. 
 
 French Vill'ge 
 tt 
 
 French Vill'ge 
 
 Died Nov. 
 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 
 E.St. Louis 
 
 Died Jan, 
 
 Caseyville 
 
 (( 
 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 Died Aug. 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 
 Caseyville 
 (( 
 
 E. St. Louis 
 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 Died July 
 French YiU'ge 
 
 Died July 
 
 FrenchViU'ge 
 
 Sec. 23 
 23 
 
 Sec. 23 
 '48 
 
 Sec. 23 
 9 
 9 
 28 
 28 
 16 
 Ifi 
 
 18, '77 
 
 Sec. 11 
 
 11 
 
 26 
 
 1, '73 
 
 Sec. 26 
 14 
 14 
 14 
 14 
 14 
 14 
 22 
 6, '70 
 
 Sec. 22 
 26 
 
 26, '58 
 
 Sec. 26 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 nativity. 
 
 3 
 
 a> 
 CO 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Victor Mozer 
 Far. and Fruit Grower 
 1st wife of S. Pensoneau 
 Pres. " 
 
 Far. and Fruit Grower 
 Wife of A. B. Pope 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser' 
 Wife of F'rancis Paridy 
 Far. and Grain Thresher 
 Moth, of Louis E. Richee 
 Late hus. of Fran. Richee 
 Far. and Frnit Grower 
 Wife of AnK in Reneaiid 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 1st wife of C. Sickmann 
 Pies. " " 
 
 Far. and Fruit Grower 
 Wife of John Shultz 
 
 Far. and Fruit Grower 
 
 (. tt 
 
 Wife of Frank Toussaint 
 Son of 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Ist wife of Nich. Thorngs 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Ist wife of H. Warning 
 Pres. " 
 
 Maxville, La 
 .^t. Clair Co. 111. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Paris, France 
 Lorraine, " 
 Christian Co Ky 
 Mont'y Co Tenn 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Mo. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. in. 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 It 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 Essex Co. N. J. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 tt 
 
 France 
 
 St, CUh Co. 111. 
 
 It 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 France 
 
 Prussia 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Prussia 
 
 48 
 o2 
 19 
 32 
 46 
 38 
 74 
 21 
 25 
 51 
 36 
 .35 
 42 
 22 
 52 
 S2 
 57 
 34 
 37 
 60 
 46 
 32 
 52 
 66 
 36 
 .55 
 48 
 35 
 58 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1, NORTH, KA.NGB 9, WEST. 
 
 f Anstedt, George 
 
 \ Mary Ruetrman 
 
 / Boul, John 
 
 \ Adeline Dunn 
 
 J Brennfleck, George 
 
 I Lena Carne 
 
 j Dunn, Peter 
 
 \ Susanna Teter 
 
 ( Donnelly, James 
 
 \ Mary McPhilips 
 
 f Emge, Adam 
 
 X Margaret Obenstine 
 
 I Herr, Philip J. 
 
 \ Christine Schlernitzauer 
 
 j Koohmann, J. H. 
 
 \ Gustena Meyer 
 
 f Keck, John H. 
 
 I Caroline Oldendorph 
 
 ( Keck, Christian 
 
 \ Mary Peter 
 
 f Kecic, Adam G. 
 
 \ Margaret Hammell 
 
 Layton, William T. 
 r Mitchell, James 
 \ Maria Schwinn 
 j Masserang. J acob 
 \ Maria Hopen 
 I Mohr, Christian 
 } Pauline Krauss 
 f Merod, John 
 \ Charlotte Wehring 
 I Ogle, David 
 \ Margaret Kandleman 
 j Ogle, Joseph 
 1 Felicete Bcmeau 
 
 PuUiam, James L. 
 
 Margaret J. Matheny 
 
 Elminia Ballard 
 ( Peter Frederick 
 I Catherine Priesacker 
 } Schwarz, Johann Peter 
 } Barbara Rieble 
 ( Mary Gaus 
 f Stookey, Aaron 
 t Mary J . Holcomb 
 I Schwinn, Peter 
 } Catherine Moser 
 ( Josephine Dupont 
 / Voellinger, Jacob, Jr. 
 I Christina Dahm 
 
 Vogt, George 
 
 Charlotte Hoyle 
 , Ottille Odendoph 
 j Vogt, Mary 
 1 Vogt, Peter 
 j Wild, George F. 
 t Margaretta Schilling 
 
 GcDtreTilleSta'a 
 
 Belleville 
 
 (( 
 
 Centervillc Sta'n 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died 
 
 W.Belleville 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 ci 
 
 Belleville 
 
 It 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Belleville 
 
 CentprvilloSta'n 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 CentervilleSta'n 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Millstadt 
 Died Oct. 
 Millstadt 
 
 Center villeSta'Q 
 
 Died Sept. 
 
 CetiterTiUeSta'n 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died May 
 Belleville" 
 W.Belleville 
 
 tt 
 Died Dec. 
 
 W.Belleville 
 CeiitiTvilleStaii 
 
 Died Nov 
 
 CobtervilleSta'n 
 
 Sec. 1 6 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 16 Wife of George Anstedt 
 36 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 36 Wife of John Boul 
 16 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 16 Wife of Geo. Brennfleck 
 
 15 Retired Farmer 
 1837 Late wife of Peter Dunn 
 Sec. 11 Farmer and Merchant 
 
 11 Wife of James Donnelly 
 14 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 14 Wife of Adam Emge 
 25 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 25 Wife of Philip J. Herr 
 21 Farmer and Merchant 
 
 21 Wife of J. H. Koohmann 
 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 29 Wife of John H. Keck 
 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 29 Wife of Christian Keck 
 
 26 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 26 Wife of Adam G. Keck 
 
 17 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 24 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 24 Wife of James Mitchell 
 
 25 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 25 Wife of Jacob Masserang 
 28 Pastor Evan. Concordia Ch. 
 
 28 Wife of Christian Mohr 
 
 16 Farmer & Prop'r Saloon 
 16 Wife of John Merod _ 
 
 1 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 1 Wife of David Ogle 
 
 1 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 1 Wife of Joseph Ogle 
 20 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 8, '69 First wife of L. Pnlliara 
 Sec. 20 Present " " 
 
 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 29 Wife of Frederick Peter 
 20 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 19, '68 First wife ofJ.P- Schwarz 
 
 Sec. 20Pres't '■ 
 
 25 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 25 Wife of Aaron vStookey 
 
 2 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 30, '73 Fi't wife of Peter Schwinn 
 Sec. 2Pres't" 
 
 24 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 24 Wife of J. Voellinger 
 
 15 Farmer an<l Stock Raiser| 
 30, '66 First wife of George Vogt 
 Sec. 15 Pres't " 
 
 15 Farming & Stock Raising 
 25, '78 Late liu.s. of Mary Vogt 
 Sec. 16 Blacksmith 
 
 16 Wife of Geo. F. Wild 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 It 
 
 New York Citv 
 St. Clair Co. Hi. 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 ' i( 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 11 
 
 Scotland 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 France . 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Fran(!e 
 
 New Castle Co. Del 
 
 St. Clair Co. HL 
 
 New Castle Co. Del 
 
 St.aairCo.llL 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 It 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 tt 
 
 Germany 
 tt 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 It 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 Huntsdale, Pa; 
 
 46 
 45 
 42 
 28 
 59 
 59 
 18 
 05 
 63 
 52 
 53 
 53 
 43 
 45 
 74 
 74 
 41 
 46 
 51 
 56 
 48 
 43 
 59 
 50 
 49 
 47 
 62 
 9 
 6 
 
 .^ 
 
 fS8 
 
 18 
 i9 
 18 
 2.5 
 20 
 30 
 32 
 38 
 42 
 51 
 51 
 68 
 24 
 32 
 33 
 45 
 55 
 47 
 50 
 3S 
 47 
 42 
 48 
 42 
 52 
 63 
 
TOWNSHIP 1 NOUTH, KANGE. 7 WEST. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 P- OFFICE. 
 
 Belleville 
 u 
 
 Mascoutah 
 (1 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 Belleville 
 Died Oct. 4, 
 Belleville, 
 Shiloh, 
 Died May 
 Shiloh 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Died Aug 
 Belleville 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 Belleville 
 
 ti 
 
 Shiloh 
 tt 
 
 Mitscoutah, 
 Died Nov. 
 Died M'rch 
 Belleville 
 Died Dee 
 Died June 
 Belleville, 
 
 Died Nov'r 
 Died Feb'y 
 Belleville 
 
 /■Alexander Edwin 
 
 I Kmtline C. Griffen 
 
 J Arbogast, Peter 
 
 I Margaret Weber 
 
 J Bug, Martin 
 
 I Saloma Arbogast 
 
 J Bnnsen, Charles O. 
 
 I Johannah E. Menzenr 
 
 f Clark, 8. G. [berger 
 
 -j Surah E. Henderlite 
 
 (Saphrona Merrill 
 
 ( Exter, W. T. 
 
 ] Extei, F. 
 
 ( Anna S. Scott 
 
 1 Fnedewald, Henry 
 
 \ Philipina HauRy 
 
 J Griffen, Charles 
 
 I Martha A. Park 
 
 (Griffen, Jngfeph 
 
 -j Margaret Shaw 
 
 (. Belle Murdagh 
 
 Griffen, Joseph P 
 I Herbst, F. W. 
 \ Regina Sauer 
 J Knobeloch, Thomas 
 I Anna Mary Hage 
 J Knoebel, Henry 
 I Regina Merckel 
 ( Knobelocb, J. 
 \ Elizabeth Hardy 
 . " Dibold 
 
 Lienesch, George P. 
 
 Permelia A. Me-singer 
 
 Mary Ann Thomas 
 
 Mary C. Kleibacker 
 
 Moore, Risdon A. 
 
 Anna Middlecoff 
 
 Sarah A. Duncan 
 
 Sarah A. Wildermau 
 f Moore, James A. 
 \ Catharine Clark 
 r Miiller, Solomon 
 < Elizabeth Moser 
 (. Mary Moser 
 j Moser, Jacob 
 \ Catharine Dakum 
 / Ogden, A. 
 l Lucy Davis 
 I Pierce, H. A. 
 ( Mary A. Middlecoff • 
 i Pierce, Margaret C. 
 \ Pierce, James A. 
 
 Phelps, Jacob S. 
 f Peischbacber, Philip 
 1 Margaret Frank 
 ( Perschbacher, Mary 
 \ Perschbacher, George 
 
 Eentchler, D 
 j Eeuaa, Albert C. 
 1 Kate C. Pierce 
 
 {Reuiis, F. L. 
 Reuss, Adolph 
 Raith, Caroline 
 
 I Reuss, Julius 
 
 "I Sophia Eogelmann 
 
 C Renner, Charles F. 
 
 I Catharine Deobald 
 
 J Reppel, John 
 
 \ Adaline, M on ton 
 
 ( Rdbhau, Euiile 
 
 .| Jjouisa Fenzlin died 
 
 ( Catharine Miiller 
 
 / Schott, Adolph 
 
 I. Joanna Pierce 
 
 I Scott, E. J. 
 
 (. Mary E- Wilderman 
 
 J Scoit, Philip 
 
 \ Augusta Cass 
 
 f Scott, J. M. 
 
 ] N. J. Wilderman 
 
 (. Ellen Sandidge > ; 
 J Schuetz, George 
 1 Margaret Gondolf 
 
 f Schuetz, George, Jr. 
 
 \ Schubert, Agusta 
 
 J Tozer, John M. Shiloh 
 
 1 Hairiet Retherford 
 
 / Weil, Peter 
 
 t Anna C. Pausch Died May 
 
 ( Weber, Louis H. Shiloh, 
 
 -j Caroline Garber Died Dec'r 
 
 ( Mary Humphrey Shiloh, 
 
 Died Feb'y 
 Belleville, 
 
 Rencthler 
 
 u 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 Died Jan'y 
 Shiloh, 
 
 Died Juni 
 Bentchler, 
 Shiloh, 
 
 Died April 
 Died April 
 Shiloh 
 
 in Germ'y. 
 Shiloh 
 
 Belleville 
 
 tt 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 Belleville, 
 Died May 
 Belleville 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 " 15 
 
 •' 22 
 
 " 22 
 
 " 16 
 
 " IH 
 
 " 8 
 
 " 8 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 4, 1856 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 " 8 
 
 4, 1874 
 
 Sec. 8 
 
 Shiloli 
 
 Sec. 14 
 " 14 
 " 23 
 
 3, 1862 
 
 Sec. 23 
 15 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Sec. 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 27, '51 
 
 24, '56 
 
 Sec. 
 
 4, 1852 
 
 5, 1872 
 
 Sec. 
 
 " 19 
 
 2-5, '43 
 
 14, '56 
 
 Sec. 19 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 Sec. 28 
 
 8, 1872 
 
 Sec. 28 
 
 " 29 
 
 " 29 
 
 Rnthl'r 
 u 
 
 Sec. 3 
 
 '64 
 
 Sec. 9 
 
 11 
 26, '77 
 Sec. 33 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4, 1877 
 15, '69 
 Sec 3 
 3 
 8hiloh 
 
 Mh'49 
 Shiloh 
 
 Sec. 17 
 17 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife Edwin Alexander 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Peter Arbogast 
 Farmer & Slock Raiser 
 Wife of Martin Bug 
 Fruit Grower 
 Wife Charles 0. Bunsen 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 WifeofS. G.Clark 
 Present Wife S.G.Clark 
 Insurance Agent 
 Father of W. T. Exter 
 Mother " '■ 
 Gen. Merchant & P. M. 
 Wife of H. Friedewald 
 Farmer & Stock. Bai-er 
 Wife of Charles Griffen 
 Farmer & Stock Raiper 
 Wife of Joseph Griffin 
 Present Wife " 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Mfr. of Wag. & Plows 
 Wife of F. W. Herbst 
 Farmer & Stock R liser 
 Wife of Tho<. Kni)b3l icl^ 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Henry Knoebel 
 Retired Farmer 
 1st, Wife J. Knobeloch 
 Late 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Irtt Wf. Geo. P. Lienesch 
 2d " " " 
 
 Present Wf. " " 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 1st Wife of R. A. Moure 
 2d " " 
 
 Present Wife " 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of James A. Moore 
 Farmer & Mfr. of Cider 
 1st Wife of Sol. Muller 
 Wife of 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Jacob Moser 
 Hot'l 4 Sal. & Man. Enter. Mn 
 Wife of A. Ogden 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of H. A. Pierce 
 Farm'g & Stock Raising 
 Late Hua. M. C. Pierce 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Green Co., Ky. 
 Alsace, France 
 Bayern, Germ'y 
 it i( 
 
 Alsace, France 
 Frankford, Gr'y 
 Leibsig, Germ'y 
 Robertson Co. T' 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Wife Phil Perschbacher 
 Farming & Stock Bais'g 
 Lt. Hub M. Pcrschbach'r 
 Farmer & Coal Operator 
 Farm. & Prop. Saw Mill 
 Wife of A. C. Reus8_ 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Father of T. L. Reuss 
 Mother of " 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Julius Reuss 
 Prop. Shiloh H'se & Sal. 
 Wife of Chas. F. Renner 
 Prop. Hotel and Saloon 
 Wife of John Reppel 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 1st Wife Emile Rebhau 
 Pres. Wf. " 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of Adolph Schott. 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of E. J. Scoit 
 Farmer & Fruit Grower 
 Wife of Philip Scott 
 Fr.&Br.flneStk &finePoul 
 Ist Wifeof J. M. Scott 
 Present Wife J. M. Scott 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of George Schuetz 
 Farmer & Slock Rai-ser 
 Wife of George Scluitz 
 Farmer & Slock Raiser 
 Wife of John M. Tozer 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Late Wife of Peter Weil 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 1st Wife of L. H. Weber 
 
 Germany 
 
 It 
 
 St Clair Co. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Alsace, France 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Castleton, Vt. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 Bayern, Ger. 
 ■*t. Louis, Mo. 
 Hesse Darm^t'dt 
 Bayern, G. [G. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 H. Damstadt, G 
 Germany 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 u 
 
 Hanover. Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 (( ti (t 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 (( li I: 
 
 Wafh. Ctv,-D.C 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 (( U it 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Bayern, Ger. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Bheinbayern, G 
 " ■ Ger 
 Lancaehire,Eng 
 Wales 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1, NORTH, KANGK 10, WEST. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 17 
 
 13, '73 
 
 Sec. 17 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 " 20 
 
 " 8 
 
 " ■ 8 
 
 " 11 
 
 18, '79 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 22, '72 
 
 Sec. 15 Present Wf. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Morgan, Co. Ill 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Frankford, Ger. 
 Wurtembrg 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 t( II a 
 
 Bayerne, Ger. 
 
 Alsace, France 
 
 Germany 
 
 (I 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Clinton Co., 
 Monroe Co., 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 i( II It 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Morgan Co., 111. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 It It 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 26 
 
 58 
 58 
 45 
 48 
 32' 
 61! 
 39 
 43 
 77 
 77| 
 32 
 46 I 
 33 
 32 
 31 
 17 
 55 
 39 
 16 
 23 
 72 
 17 
 18 
 48 
 21 
 35 
 50 
 44 
 51 
 52 
 40 
 37 
 54 
 59 
 22 
 27 
 28 
 22 
 46 
 33 
 35 
 47 
 33 
 38 
 61 
 56 
 63 
 35 
 33 
 45 
 5l| 
 57 
 54 
 54 
 60 
 2 
 
 40 
 42 
 33 
 34 
 37 
 14 
 66 
 33; 
 .33 
 43 
 56 
 55 
 55 
 63 
 24 
 31 
 37 
 36 
 60 
 40 
 55 
 
 f Bohnemeir, John 
 J Mary Young 
 1 Bohnemeir, Francis 
 [ Mena, Ert'mann 
 / Dreyer, Fried rick 
 I. HenriettaSchmidt 
 j Geyer, Michael 
 I Sophia Baiir 
 f Gaskill, John Q. A. 
 I Emily G. Reed 
 ( Hoftmann, Henry 
 ( .Vlary Mersch 
 
 Mueller, 0.-icar G. 
 f Pulse, William W. 
 ■j Pulse, Hi' am C. 
 ( Ann E. Abernathy 
 ( Reirchert, William 
 \ Elizabeth Merod 
 I Sharp, Benjamin F. 
 1 Ann Jeffs 
 I Scliulte, John 
 I Elizabeth Mersch 
 / Scliwarz, John 
 \ Carolina Beil 
 
 Stout, John H. 
 
 p. OFFICE. 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Columbia 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 it . 
 
 Columbia" 
 
 C'ville Sta. 
 
 23 
 23 
 27 
 27 
 36 
 36 
 34 
 34 
 27 
 27 
 Sur. 430 
 Sec. 34 
 34 
 34 
 35 
 35 
 24 
 24 
 27 
 27 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 
 OCCtTFATlON. 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Sec 23 Farmer St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 23 Wife of John Bohnemeir 
 
 Father of " " Germany 
 
 Mother " '' 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Fried. Dreyer 
 
 Farmer & Saloon Keeper France 
 
 Wife of Michael Geyer " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser Madison Co.i III. 
 
 Wife of J. Q. A. Gaskill St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Farmer & Road Super' sr Germany 
 
 Wife of Henry Hoffmann 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 56 
 61 
 35 
 35 
 62 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wifeof William Reichert 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Benj. F. Sharp 
 
 Farmer and Stock Rtiser 
 
 Wifeof John Schulte 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of John Scliwarz 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 St. Loiiis Mo. 
 St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 ti ' 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 England 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill, 
 
 5.5 
 3i6 
 44 
 25 
 59 
 52 
 67 
 58 
 35 
 36 
 56 
 59 
 49 
 6i 
 65 
 65 
 68 
 54 
 33 
 
 PRAIRIE DU PONT. COMMON FlilLDS. 
 
 Acker, T. N. 
 f Aufdenkemp, Henry 
 1. Mary Boessler 
 ( Boismenne, Nicholas 
 \ Elizabeth Gemony 
 / Bailey, Isaac 
 t Louisa Arnold 
 f Bell, James E. 
 A Lucinda Fuller 
 f Brown, Peter 
 \ Samantha Martin 
 f Craig, Ri ibert 
 \ Henrietta Mariman 
 
 Conner, Charles 
 / Chatillion, Peter 
 \ Elizabeth Heasick 
 / Chartrand, J. 
 1 Mary Labusier 
 
 Chatillion, Constant 
 / Carlton, James N. 
 \ Anna Turner 
 / Caster, M. W. 
 \ Nellie Kohle 
 f Douglas, Benjamin 
 \ Dra Hutchinson 
 ( Dauphin, Charles 
 \ Relia Mansette 
 
 Denoyer, A. 
 f Douphin, A. 
 \ Susie Mulberson 
 f Fries, Jo^^eph 
 \ Ann Smith 
 f Frew, P. N. _ 
 \ Severna Lilli 
 ( Godin, Peter, Sr. 
 I Virginia AUary 
 
 Gough, Reuben 
 f Grubb, Wm. A. 
 ( Catherine Boland 
 / Harrison, Edward T. 
 \ (ieorgeanna Stores 
 f Jameson, T 11. 
 \ Emma R. Ford 
 f Lutton, Henry 
 \ Jennie Corm 
 f Lunce, Fred. 
 I Alice Gray 
 / Lutton, John 
 I. Lillie Turner 
 / Lntton, James 
 \ Amanda Marshall 
 J Lacroix, Isaac 
 \ Margaret Boisraenue 
 
 Lapage A. 
 f McCormick, J. W. 
 \ Hannah S. Desper 
 
 Michael, Joseph 
 / Murphy, Isaac 
 I Mary A. Burks 
 ( McCarty, J. W. 
 \ McMahan, Susan 
 / Reghar, Andrew 
 \ Virginia Pahneria 
 
 E. CarODfielet 
 
 Died Jan. 
 
 E. Curondelet 
 
 Died May 
 
 E. Carondelct 
 
 E.Caron't ^^r. enter and Saloon Keeper 
 F.springs Quarry man 
 
 Iggy'Late wife of H. Aufdenlsenip 
 
 p.DuPont 'Saloon Keeper 
 
 Wife of N. Boismenne 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Is 'ac Bailey 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of James E. Bell 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Peter Brown 
 
 Laborer in Furnace 
 
 Wife of Robert Craig 
 
 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Prop, of .Saloon 
 
 Wife of Peter Chatillion 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of J. Chartrand 
 
 Snrv'ySSS 
 
 3.59 
 1-54 
 154 
 
 P.DuPont 
 
 E.Camo't 
 :i.i, 1878 
 K.Cftron't 
 
 SurvvlS 
 
 " 188 
 " 359 
 " 359 
 " 359 
 
 E.Caron't 
 
 New York 
 Germany 
 
 u 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 a u 
 
 Boone Co. Mo. 
 
 58 
 56 
 o6 
 44 
 47 
 65 
 65 
 
 Kentucky 67 
 
 North Carolina :67 
 Mi^sis.-iippi 163 
 Pennsylvania 76 
 Kentucky ■7?, 
 
 Monroe Co III. |71 
 Saline Co. Mo. ;54 
 Missouri J73 
 
 Missouri j73 
 
 Prairie Du Pont 35 
 Cahokia 45 
 
 Farmer and S'.ock RaiseriSt. Louis, Mo. 57 
 
 Real Estate Agent and Teacher 
 
 Wife of Jas. M. Carlton 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Wife of M. W. Caster 
 
 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Wife of Benj. Douglas 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Charles Dauphin 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife iif A. Douphin 
 
 Constjible and Saloon Keeper 
 
 Wife of Jo.<eph Fries 
 
 Hotel and Saloon 
 « Wife of P. N. Frew 
 P.DuPont Merchant an 1 Saloon 
 " (Wifeof Peter Godin 
 K.caront Laborer in Furnace 
 
 Machinist 
 
 Wife of Wm. A. Grubb 
 
 Railroad Engineer 
 
 Wife of Ed. T. Harrison 
 
 River Pilot 
 
 Wife of T. H. Jameson 
 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Henry Lutton 
 
 Farmer, and Pastor Baptist Church, 
 
 Wife of Fred. Lunce 
 snrvj359:l''arraer 
 
 3.=)9;Wife of John Lutton 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111.41 
 
 135 
 135 
 
 SurVy359 
 
 
 359 
 
 
 159 
 
 
 159 
 
 
 144 
 
 
 144 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of James Lutton 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Mother of Isaac Lacroix 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Justice of the Peace 
 WifeofJ.W.McCormack 
 General Merchant <& P.M. 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Isaac Murphy 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wifeof J. W. McCarty 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wi/e of Andrew Reghar 
 
 .Mastin Co. 111. 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Austria 
 
 Lincoln Co. Ky. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Mi.-<souri 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 It If 
 
 Missouri 
 Missouri 
 France 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Italy 
 
 I'rairie Du Pont 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Monroe Co. 111. 
 
 Iowa 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Chester City, Pa. 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 .Arkansas 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Indiana | 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Prairie Du Pont, Ill.'gg 
 
 36 
 
 49 
 80 
 78 
 79 
 62 
 57 
 58 
 56 
 67 
 76 
 73 
 73 
 73 
 71 
 34 
 36 
 75 
 73 
 73 
 78 
 76 
 72 
 72 
 73 
 73 
 66 
 66 
 73 
 76 
 73 
 3 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 New York 
 St. Louis, Mo.. 
 Kentucky 
 Mii-souri 
 Little RiickjArk 
 Osage Co., Mo, 
 Cahokia, III. 
 
 34 
 71 
 72 
 79 
 
 65 
 59 
 75- 
 60 
 )0 
 )6 
 
PKAIRIE DU PONT. COMMON FIEL.D8.— [Continued] 
 
 J Sinclair, John C. 
 \ Emma Sohwickardt 
 J Sliertnan, Victor 
 t Ida Owens 
 J Smizer, Jacob 
 \ Sarah Kimberlin 
 J Simons, John J. 
 \ Simons, Virginia 
 f Stricltland, Maiton 
 t Strickland, Mary Ann 
 I Sinclair, Austin M. 
 t Ettie M. {jotchell 
 
 Stadelmann, Sebastian 
 f Thomas, E. 
 t Sarah Curran 
 J Thomas, J. C. 
 \ Sarah J. Weible 
 I Vien, J. B. 
 t Julia Girardot 
 / Winkler, jVndrew 
 t Lizzie Kuplhoff 
 
 P. OFFICE. 
 
 E.Garondalei 
 
 RESID. 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Surv'ylSO 
 
 " 180 
 
 CoiUm'sof 
 P.DuPont 
 
 R.Caron't 
 
 F. Springs 
 K.Caron't 
 
 Carpenter 
 
 Wife of John C. Sinclair 
 
 Merchant and J. P. 
 
 Wife of V. Sherman 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Wife of Jacob Smizer 
 
 Farmer and Carpenter 
 
 Wife of John J. Simons 
 
 Farmer & Saloon Keeper 
 
 Mother of M. Strickland 
 
 Carpenter 
 
 Wife of A. M. Sinclair 
 
 Quarryman 
 
 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Wife of R. Thomas 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Wifeof J. C. Thomas 
 
 Justice of the Peace & Teacher 
 
 Wifeof J. B. Vien 
 
 Baker 
 
 Wife of Andrew Winkler 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 HI. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Monroe Co 
 Maryland 
 Mississippi 
 Clearmont, O, 
 Kentucky 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Germany 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Ehode Island 
 
 Ohio 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI, 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 France 
 
 Wurtenburg 
 
 .St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 SOUTH, RANGB 7 WEST. 
 
 ( Borger, George, Jr. 
 \ Mary Whitmore 
 j Deichmann, Peter 
 t M. L. Schaller 
 
 f Uegen, F. W. 
 \ Magdaline Bice 
 
 ( Flach, Joseph 
 \ Catharine Schmitt 
 J Feurer, Philip 
 \ Schar Schmidt 
 J Fries, George 
 \ Johannette Ahlheim 
 J Fritz, Philip C. 
 I Elizabeth Goebel 
 
 ( Fischer, Katharina 
 \ John Jud 
 Griffin, Abraham 
 
 f Hooss, Jacob 
 
 t Christine Althoune 
 
 {Hennemann, Christ 
 Mary Gan-et 
 Hannah Leber 
 I Huggins, Beuben 
 ■j Nancy Browning, 
 ( Frances Nixon 
 J Hermann, Peter Sen. 
 t Elizabeth C. Lortz 
 I Hermann, Philip 
 \ Catharine Darmstatter 
 / Hessick, George N. 
 \ Catharine Berth 
 / Joseph, Wm. Henry 
 \ Catharine A. Hermann 
 j Lartz, John 
 t Esther Teter 
 J Nuernberger, Louis 
 t Augusta Eunze 
 ( Petrie J. George 
 I Anna M. Schmesahl 
 J Pitth, William 
 I Margaret Stookey 
 ( Stehl, Conrad 
 \ Catharine Kolhmier 
 ( S'^hwarz, Wilhelm 
 1 Dorda Kice 
 
 {Suemniclit, Gustav 
 Saltenberger, Philipeni 
 Louisa Bommelman 
 
 f Suemnicht, Herman 
 
 ( Lisette Saltenberger 
 
 f Schanz, John G. 
 1 Henriette Forcade 
 jStuntz, L. D. 
 
 I. Mary J. Varner 
 J Teter, Abraham 
 1 Polly Ann Green 
 J Teter, Solomon 
 \ Mary M. Herring 
 f Wilderman, A. C. 
 I Rachel, Tate 
 j Wilderman, laabeile 
 1 Wilderman, Geo. W. 
 ( Watts, B. I. 
 \ Lizzie Ellen 
 J Zierath, Charles 
 \ Louisa Kraft 
 
 Freeburg 
 N. Athens 
 
 Fayettevill 
 
 N. Athen^ 
 Died Oot. 
 Fayettevill 
 N. Athens 
 
 Died Sept 
 Died April 
 N. Athens 
 
 Died 
 N. Athens 
 Freeburg 
 Died Dec. 
 Freeburg 
 *(_ 
 
 N. Athens 
 
 f( 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 NewAt' 
 
 Sec. 24 
 
 24 
 
 NewAt' 
 (( 
 
 Sec. 1 
 1 
 
 NewAt' 
 30, 73 
 Sec. ; 
 
 NewAt' 
 
 30, 
 21, 
 Sec. 35 
 
 71 
 '80 
 
 Sec. 7 Stock Baiser and Farmer 
 Wife of Geo. Borger, Jr. 
 Propr. New Athens Hotel 
 Wife of P. Deichmann 
 Propr. of Machine Shop 
 Wife of F. W. Degen 
 
 General Merchandise and f redi^nt 
 of Town Board 
 
 Wife of Joseph Flaeh 
 
 Farmer and Stock Reiser 
 
 Wife of Philip Feurer 
 
 Retired 
 
 Wife of George Fries 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Philip C. Fritz 
 
 Dress Maker 
 
 Former bus. of K. Fischer 
 
 Fnrmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Propr. New Atbena Brewert and 
 
 Hotel 
 Wife of Jacob Hoos 
 Propr. Treraont House 
 First wf. ofC.Hennemann 
 Late wife 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 First wife of R. Huggins 
 Sec. 35 Pres, 
 
 18 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 14, 76 Latewf.ofP.Herraann,Sr. 
 Sec. 7 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 7 Wife of Philip Hermann 
 3-1 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 34 Wife of G. N. Hessick 
 7 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 7 Wife of Wm. H. Joseph 
 
 Sur. 386 Farmer and Stock Baiser 
 386 Wife of John Lartz 
 N. Ath«ns Sec. S-'i Farmer and Stock Baiser 
 
 35 Wife of L. Nuernbeiger 
 Fayettevill' 1 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 1 Wife of J. G. Petrie _ 
 Freeburg Sur. 3J7 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 3»7 Wifeof Wm. Pitts 
 Lenzburg Sec. 25 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 25 Wife of Conrad Stehl 
 N. Athens 19 Far. Stock Raiser & Wine Gr 
 
 19 Wife of Wilhelm Schwarz 
 Freeburg 2 Farmer and Stock Raiser] Pottsdam, Ger, 
 Died Aug. 30, '74 Firstwifeof Gus.SuemnichtSt. Clair Co. 111. 
 Freeburg Sec. 2 Pres. 
 
 11 Farmer and Stock Eaiser'Poftsdam, Ger. 
 11 Wife of H. Suemnicht jSt. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 y Wagon Builder and Blacliamltb Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 
 Lenzburg 
 tt 
 
 Freeburg 
 Died Aug. 
 Freeburg 
 
 Died Mar. 
 N. Athens 
 
 Sur. 387 
 387 
 Sec. 36 
 36 
 5 
 
 13. 77 
 Sec. 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 23, '79 
 \ewAt'. 
 
 CumbprlandCo.Pa. 
 Lucas Co. O. 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 Germany 
 
 Hesae Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Bodebaugh, Ger. 
 Darmstadt, Ger, 
 tt tt 
 
 Naussau, Ger. 
 
 Hessfl Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 4( 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany. 
 
 .St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Jefferson Co. O. 
 Saxony, Ger 
 
 Hesae Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 St..Clair Co. Ill 
 " <i 
 
 Baden, Ger. 
 Germany 
 Wood Co. Ohio 
 St. Clair Co. HI 
 CumberlandCo.Pa. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 tt it 
 
 Germany 
 St. ('lair Co. Ill 
 Bhine, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co 111 
 
 Shop 
 Wife of John G. Schanz _ 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of L. D. Stuntz 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Abraham Teter 
 Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 Late wife of Sol. Teter 
 Parmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of A. C. Wilderman 
 Farming & .Stock Raising 
 Latehus.of J. M. Wilderman 
 l^hysician und Surgeon 
 Wife of R. I Watts 
 Books and Stationary 
 Wife of Charles Zierath 
 
 many 
 
 CumberlandCo.Pa 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 WashingtonCo.IJl. 
 I. It 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI 
 
 TOWNSHIP 3 SOUTH, KANGE 7 WEST. 
 
 p. OFFICE. 
 
 / Ahlers, Conrad 
 
 1 Anna M. Breidweiser 
 
 / Bolgard, Adam 
 
 \ Christine Hueser 
 
 f Burr, Joseph C. 
 
 \ Burr, Emeiine L. 
 
 / Dreher, P. J. 
 
 \ Ma'garet Griebel 
 
 I Faber, Frfedrick 
 
 \ L. Kiimmarzell 
 
 / Florke, Louis 
 
 1 Fox, Anna 
 
 / Geyer, J. George. 
 
 I M:irgaret Spitz 
 
 f Ileinecke, H. .J. 
 
 I Elizabeth Wilde 
 
 ( Hardy, John, Sr. 
 
 I Cath. Margenthaler 
 
 I Haensel, David 
 
 \ Katie Ahlheim 
 
 f Hughes, Miles 
 
 1 Mary Johnson 
 
 / Halin Andrew 
 
 1 Mary Leilith 
 
 f Kraft, William 
 
 I Eliza Leilich 
 
 f Kirchhaefer, Wendel 
 
 \ Christine Wealtz 
 
 f Lemser, Lorenz 
 
 \ Louisa Weis 
 
 Moore, Atlas R. 
 
 Louisa G. Leming 
 
 Moore, Nancy 
 
 Miles Catharine 
 / Popp, Henry 
 \Therressa Geyer 
 ( Sliper, F. 
 \ Augusta Shank 
 I'Schiilz, August 
 
 EIvinaLeiincke 
 
 Mary Faber 
 
 {Tellack, Henry 
 Mary A. Blum 
 Catharine Granssinge 
 f Vogler, C. W. 
 \ Susan Bennett 
 ( Volkening, H. 
 1 Volk™ing, H. L. 
 f Wliitchurch. D.ivid 
 \ Elizabeth Lively 
 j Waellz, Adam 
 \ Elizabeth Angel 
 / Walker, J. B. 
 ( Delphine Smith 
 j Wildi, Jacobina M. 
 1 Wildi, John_ 
 / Winter, Louis, Sr. 
 \ Caroline Brown 
 f Wirth, George 
 1 Catharine Arnholt 
 f Yuuk, Hermann 
 \ Mary Klinkhartd 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 (( 
 
 New Athens 
 (( 
 
 Bisdon 
 
 ii 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 -Vew Alhens 
 tt 
 
 Bisdon 
 Lenzburg 
 
 New Athens 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 RESID. 
 
 Sec. 12 
 1'. 
 
 New Athens 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 Risdon 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Risdon 
 
 (I 
 
 New Athens 
 tt 
 
 Risdon 
 Died Mar, 
 Risdon 
 
 Died Dec. 
 
 Risdon 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 Risdon 
 
 It 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 New Athens 
 
 Died July 
 
 Lenzburg 
 tt 
 
 New Athens 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 L'burg 
 it 
 
 Sec. 11 
 
 11 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 L'burg 
 It 
 
 Sec. 10 
 
 10 
 
 L'burg 
 it 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 See. 14 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 2(1 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 22, 70 
 
 Sec. 27 
 
 •27 
 
 25, '79 
 
 Sec. 27 
 
 L'burg 
 
 .Sec. 34 
 
 34 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 3, '66 
 
 Sec. 1 1 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 1-i 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Conrad Ahlers 
 Farmer and Stock Rai.»er 
 Wife of Adiim Bolgard 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Sister of Joseph C. Burr 
 General Store and P. M 
 WifeofP. J. Dreher 
 Grocery Store 
 Wife of Freidrick Faber 
 Farmer and Stock Rais=er 
 Wife of Louis Florke 
 Farnicr and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of J. Geo. Geyer 
 Propr. of Hoiel Heinecke 
 Wife of H. J. Heinecke 
 Farmer and Stock Baiser 
 Wife of John Hardy, Sr. 
 Wagon & Carriage Build' 
 Wife of David Haensel 
 Pliy.sician and Surgeon 
 Wife of Miles Hughes 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Andrew Habn 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of William Kraft 
 Farmer and S'ock Raiser 
 Wife of W. Kirchhaefer 
 Farmer and Stock Bai- er 
 Wife of Lorenz Leinser 
 Farmer and Stock Baiser 
 Wife of Atlas B. Moore 
 Mother " 
 
 Farming & Stock Baising 
 Farmer and Stock Baiser 
 Wile of Henry Popp 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of F. Sliper 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 First wife of A. Schiilz 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Grocer and Farmer 
 First wife of H. Tellack 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Wagon & Carriage Buil'd 
 WifeofC. W. Vogle 
 Druggist 
 
 Wife of H. Volkening 
 Farmfer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of D. Whitchurch 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Adam Waeltz 
 School Teacher 
 Wifeof J. R. Walker 
 Farming & Slock Raising 
 Late bus. of J. M. Wildi 
 Justice of the Peace 
 Wife of Louis Winter 
 Farmer and Stock Ba'ser 
 Wife of George Wirth 
 Propr. Saw Mill 
 Wife of Hermann Yunk 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Mobile 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 Germany 
 
 111. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 ■a. 
 
 CO 
 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co. 
 Germany 
 
 111 
 
 Si. Clair Co. Ill, 
 .( tt 
 
 Germanv 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI, 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 France! 
 
 Mobile 
 
 Germany 
 
 Illinois 
 
 tt 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI, 
 
 Mo. 
 Germany 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 Maryland 
 Germany 
 Ohio 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 .Atlantic Ocean 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 
 Tenn. 
 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 Germany 
 
 111 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI, 
 
 46 
 
 51 
 
 47 
 
 67 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 56 
 
 53 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 44 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 37 
 
 .S7 
 
 33 
 
 35 
 
 53 
 
 ■')2 
 
 53 
 
 ,52 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 04 
 
 54 
 
 49 
 
 52 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 54 
 
 52 
 
 70 
 
 59 
 
 53 
 
 57 
 
 52 
 
 56 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 46 
 
 27 
 
 33 
 
 37 
 
 54 
 
 42 
 
 50 
 
 53 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 NORTH, KANGE 7 WEST. 
 
 f Bates, O. C. 
 
 \ Anna Stuart 
 
 f Bischoff, Bernard 
 
 \ Anna Chenot 
 
 f Bond, J. S. 
 
 \ Laura Hart 
 
 f Bowler, B. F., Jr. 
 
 I Bowler, B. F., Sen. 
 
 ( Hester, Lemen 
 
 ( Bennet, Jeremiah 
 
 \ Mary M. Alexander 
 
 j Curry, James A. 
 
 I C. M. Butherford 
 
 j Cook, H. E. 
 
 \ Sarah P. Simmons 
 
 ( Darrow, William A. 
 
 I Malvana Simmons 
 
 / Darrow, George W. 
 
 IDrusilla A.Stites 
 
 ( Darrow, Charles B. 
 
 l Mary Dwire 
 
 f Eckert, John W. 
 
 1 Anna Dannar 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 ti 
 
 O'F'lon 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 ({ 
 
 " 
 
 a 
 
 Died April 
 
 11, '66 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Sec. 7 
 
 Died Oct. 
 
 8, '69 
 
 O'Fallon. 
 
 Sec. 7 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 26 
 
 Died Sept. 
 
 13, '80 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Sec. 27 
 
 (( 
 
 27 
 
 Lebiinon 
 
 15 
 
 ^i 
 
 15 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 27 
 
 tt 
 
 27 
 
 a 
 
 28 
 
 it 
 
 28 
 
 (i 
 
 28' 
 
 tt 
 
 2S: 
 
 tt 
 
 32 
 
 ti 
 
 32; 
 
 Physician and Surgeon St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Wife of O. C. Bates 
 
 Mfr. of Soda& Min. Waf r Germany 
 
 Wife of Bernard BischoflTSt. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Lawver and Farmer Clinton Co. Ill, 
 
 Late" wife of J. S. Bond St. ClairCo. Ill, 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser St. Louis Co.Mo. 
 
 Fatherof B. F. Bowler,jr. 
 
 Mother " 
 
 Fm'r, Stock* Coal Oper'r 
 
 Late wife of J. Bennet 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of James A. Curry 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of H. B. Cook 
 
 Farmer and Stock Baiser' 
 
 Wife of Wm. A. Darrow] Band' ph Co. Ill 
 
 Farmer and Slock Baiser St. Clair Co. HI 
 
 Wife of Geo. W. Darrow 
 
 Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 
 WifeofC. B. Darrow 
 
 Farmer and Stdck Raiser 
 
 Wife of John W. Eckert 
 
 St. Clair Co.. HI. 
 Gilford Co. N.C. 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 
 Band'pli Co. 111. 
 St.Cl^irCo. III. 
 
 Chambers'g Pa. 
 France 
 
 ii 
 48 
 SO 
 44 
 61 
 43 
 60 
 
 28 
 35 
 24 
 58 
 60 
 42 
 6t 
 !37 
 58 
 '31 
 3^ 
 40 
 143 
 39 
 i60 
 
TOWNSHIP 2 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.- 
 
 [Continued.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 {Elliott, Jesse 
 Elliott, Jepse 
 Martha Melvin 
 
 / Fischer, Charle-! F. 
 \ Ernestine Hirschfeld 
 J Garlside, Dan. D. 
 
 L Hellen Taylor 
 
 J (libson, John H. 
 \ Mary Patterson 
 
 I Houser, Ida 
 
 ■j Houser, Elias 
 
 ( Elina Malott 
 
 ( Hill.Kichard 
 
 \ Mary Adams 
 JEouser, E. Jr. 
 
 f Kraiise, B 
 
 \ Kinkel, Mary 
 
 f Kirgar, 8. 8. 
 
 \ Marv O. Lewis 
 
 r Krost, Philip 
 
 \ Anna M. Moehn 
 
 f Keck, Martin 
 
 \ Eva Eemelius 
 
 f I£ampnieyer, E. 
 
 \ Laiirene Oj»le 
 
 f Lanrlgraf, Joseph 
 
 \ Elizahelh Engelhardt 
 
 f Lemen, Cyrus A. 
 
 \ Caroline E. Myers 
 
 ( Liickner, Edward 
 
 ( Mary Kroschz 
 
 f Mackin, Thomas 
 
 \ Catherine Linckey 
 
 f Morris, Joseph 
 
 \ Hannah Osborne 
 
 J Miinie, H. P. 
 
 I Anna He'^s 
 
 i NeedKs, Mrs. C M. 
 
 1 Needles, James B. 
 
 r Ogle. Eliza J. 
 
 i John Simpson 
 
 (Ogle, G. W. 
 
 J Ogle, J. M. 
 
 l Eva. Hannbn 
 
 f Poignefi Frank 
 
 \ Salome, Dan. 
 
 f Poigne6, George 
 
 \ Catherine Kloes 
 
 r Paiterson, H. E. 
 
 .j Amanda Rader 
 
 I Florence Parker 
 
 J Peach, John 
 
 I Harriet W. Cook 
 
 f Remelins, Bichard 
 
 J Clara Poignefi 
 
 I Margaret Klees 
 
 [ Bertha Ulrich 
 
 ( Ross, William M. 
 
 i Ross William D. 
 
 ( Emeline Peach 
 
 / Runkwitz, Herman 
 
 I Anrelie Wthntine 
 
 I -^cott., Elizabeth fnee 
 
 l Scott, Isaac [Pcnn) 
 ISchildknecht, Philip 
 Catherine Stookey 
 Charlotte Stookey 
 Schildknecht, Henry 
 Emma K. Difiller 
 Scott, M. G. (nee Garetson) 
 
 1 Scott, W. H. H. 
 J Scott, J WiLson 
 1 Sarah C Wetherill 
 / 8 liter, John 
 (. Mary A. Wastfield 
 / Scott, W. 8. , 
 I Marv E. Rider 
 ( Smith, S. G. 
 J Orinda Banksnn 
 I Mary A. Peck 
 j Simmons, William 
 1 Rebecca J. Owens 
 f Smiley, 8 C. 
 1 Jennie I. Simmons 
 f Tiedeman, F. O. 
 ( Wiihelmina Kalzer 
 f Tiedeman, Ernest J. 
 t Mary Baumann 
 j Tiedeman, Charles 
 1. Titdenii n, Jennie 
 
 P. OFFICE. 
 
 Lebanon 
 Died Sept, 
 Lebanon 
 O' Fa Hon 
 
 Sec. 22 
 17, 76 
 Sec. 22 
 O'F'lon 
 
 Died Sept. 
 ()' Fallon 
 Died Oct. 
 0' Fallon 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 it 
 
 OTallon 
 
 ColliosTillP, Ma- 
 di.^on Co. 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 (< 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 i( 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Died Feb 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Died 
 O'B'allon 
 
 Lebanon 
 Died Feb. 
 Lehanrn 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Died Sept. 
 O'Fallon 
 Died June 
 " Aug. 
 O'Fallon 
 Lebanon 
 Died Nov. 
 Lebanon 
 
 O'Fallon 
 Died Jan 
 
 O'Fallon 
 Died Mav 
 Died Sept. 
 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Died Dec. 
 O'Fallon 
 Died April 
 O'Fallon 
 
 Died April 
 O'Fallon 
 
 RESID. 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 13, '80 
 
 Sec. 29 
 19, '72 
 Sec. 33, 
 O'F'lon 
 
 Sec. 3.5 
 
 S-i 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 O'F'lon 
 i( 
 
 'I 
 
 ii 
 
 Sec. 6 
 
 " 2G 
 
 O'F'lon 
 
 Sec. 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 O'F'lon 
 
 27, '64 
 
 See. 30 
 
 1843 
 
 Sec. 30 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 O'F'lon 
 
 Sec. 22 
 
 5, '77 
 
 Sec. 2-2 
 
 2< 
 
 23, '73 
 
 O'F' 
 
 31, 
 16, 
 
 O'F 
 Sec. 
 18, 
 Sec. 
 
 O'F' 
 1(1, 
 O'F' 
 
 O'F'lon 
 
 '42 
 31 
 77 
 33 
 33 
 32 
 3-2 
 27 
 '48 
 27 
 19 
 19 
 18 
 18 
 O'F'lon 
 
 29, 
 Sec. 
 12, 
 Sec. 
 
 17, 
 Sec. 
 
 Fanner and Sioek Raiser 
 Father of Jessie Elliott 
 Mother " " 
 
 Hotel, Livery, Dealer in Lime, 
 
 Siind, &C. 
 Wife of Charles F. Fischer 
 Grocer 
 
 Wife of Dan D. Gartside 
 Propr. Livy & F'd Stable 
 Wife of John H. Gibson 
 At home 
 
 Father of Ida Houser 
 Late wife of Elias Houser 
 Supt. Van Court CI Mine 
 Late wife of Rich'd Hill 
 j Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 Physician and Druggist 
 Wife of B. Krause 
 Blacksmith 
 Wife of S. S Kirgar 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Philip Krost 
 Farmer and Sto"k Raiser 
 Wife of Martin Keck 
 Dlr in H'dWRrp & Agr'I. Imp. 
 Wife of R. Kam|imey§r 
 Propr. of Sal on 
 Wife of Joseph Landgraf 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Cyrus A. Lemen 
 Farmer & Grape Grower 
 Wife of Kdward Luckner 
 Propr. of Saloon 
 Wife of Thomas Mackin 
 Propr. Morris Coal Mine 
 Wife of Joseph Morris 
 Farmer and Stock Rai.ser 
 Wife of H. P. Munie 
 Retired Farmer 
 Late husb'd of C. M. Needle^ 
 Retiri-d 
 
 First hasb'd of E. J. Oglt- 
 Pres. " _ " 
 Farmer & Fruit Grower 
 Wife of J. M. Ogle 
 
 County Commis.,iionBr, Notary Pu'ilio 
 anil Real F^utate A geut. 
 
 Wifeiif Frank P..igne6 
 Propr. of Saloon 
 Wife of George Poigne^ 
 Parmer and Slock Raiser 
 First wife of H. E. Patterson 
 Pres. " " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Late wife of John Peach 
 H'ware, Agr'I Imp. & Const'. 
 Kiist wife of R. Remelius 
 Second 
 
 Pres " " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Father of Win. M. Ross 
 Widow of Wm. D. Ross 
 Farmer and Frnii Grower 
 Wife of Her. Runkwitz 
 Retired [Scod 
 
 Late husb'nd of Elizabeth 
 .Inst, of the Peace 4 Not. Pub. 
 First wife of P. Schildkneclit 
 Late " " 
 
 Mfr. & Dk. in Saddles & I-Iar. 
 Wife of H. Schildknechi 
 Retired Farmer 
 Late hus. of M. G. Scott 
 Farmer and Siock Raiser 
 Late wife of J. W. Scoii 
 Parmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Sailer 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of W. S. Scott 
 Retired Farmer 
 First wife of S. G. Smith 
 Pres. wife of S. G. Smith 
 Farmer and Stock Rai-ei 
 Wife of Wm. .'^inimons 
 Farmer and S ock Raiser 
 Wife of S. C. Smiley 
 Lumber D'aler 
 Wife of F. (). Tiedemar 
 ftencial Merchant 
 Wife of E. J. Tiedeman 
 Merchant Miller 
 Wife of Clias. Tiedeman 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Ruther'dCo.Tenn. 
 Davidson Co.Ul 
 Baden, Ger. 
 Prus-ia 
 England 
 
 Austra 
 
 Rmd'phCo.Ill. 
 
 St. Clair Co HI. 
 
 Wasliin'g Co. Md. 
 (( (( 
 
 Cornwall, Eng. 
 
 8t. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. L')iii's, Mo. 
 
 Cnmberl'd Cn. Ky. 
 
 Iloboken, N. J 
 
 Germany 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 St. Louis, Mo 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 Hcs<e Oarin'tFidt Ger- 
 many 
 rrermany 
 Sr. CUir Co. Ill 
 V iiMtra 
 Saxony, Ger. 
 
 [reland 
 
 (( 
 
 Cornwall, Ead. 
 (( '( 
 
 Lorraine, Fr, 
 
 (( «< 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Maryland 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Warren Co. Ill, 
 Germany 
 France 
 Germany 
 Madison Co. 111. 
 Kand'ph Co. III. 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Rand'phCo. III. 
 St. Clair Co 111. 
 
 ermanv 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Tenn. 
 
 Rand'phCo. III. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Saxony. Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 ■St. Clair Co. Til. 
 
 Monroe Co. III. 
 tt .< 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Knox Co. Ohio 
 
 St. Clair C). 111. 
 
 (1 u 
 
 Monroe Co. III. 
 Wilm'ton, Del. 
 ■if. Clair Co. 111. 
 St. Louis Co. Mo 
 ■5t. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Germa 
 
 any 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 NORTH. RANGE 7 WEST,— [Continued.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 ( Van Cour>, B. J. 
 I Amelia Midtnacht 
 ( Westfleld, Mrs. E. O. 
 t Westfleld, A. J. 
 
 p. OFFICE. 
 
 O'Fallon. 
 
 Died Nov. 
 
 OCC'TFATION. 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Sec. 29 R'^tired Farmer 
 
 29, Wife of B. J Van Court 
 
 33'Retired Farmer 
 15, '66 Late hiis.ofE.O. Westfleld 
 
 Miflin Co. Pa. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill, 
 
 CITY OP I.EBANON. 
 
 Ash, J. F- 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 / Brenniug, John 
 1 Elizabeth J. Perry 
 
 u 
 
 (t 
 
 / Baker, J. D. 
 t Blanck, Ida B. 
 
 
 It 
 
 f Baum, Henry 
 
 \ Bergsnaum, Mellie 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 ( Blanck, Henry W. 
 ( Samaria Sanders 
 
 tt 
 
 
 1 Brownlee, William 
 \ S. L. Notestine 
 
 tt * 
 
 It 
 
 / Berger, A. 
 
 \ Cecillia A. Adams 
 
 tt 
 
 
 f Blanck. Herman J. 
 \ Mary E. Rankin 
 
 " 
 
 it 
 
 I Cunningham, R. F. 
 t Mary E. Risley. Died 
 
 tt 
 
 June 6, 
 
 r Gannu ■, E. 
 { Emma Potter 
 
 Lebanon, 
 
 t( 
 
 f Horner, H. H. 
 \ H. M Danforth 
 
 it 
 
 It 
 
 r Hypes, Joseph 
 
 tt 
 
 J Elizbeth Thomas Died 
 
 July 21, 
 
 1 Helen C. Turner Died 
 
 April 13, 
 
 1 Hypes, William H. 
 \ Emma L. AUyn 
 
 Lebaiion, 
 
 (t 
 
 j Hoffman, Giistavns 
 \ Hartmann, Marie 
 
 " 
 
 tt 
 
 Jones, O. V. 
 
 tt 
 
 ( Keese, W. V. 
 VSarah J. Cooley 
 
 it 
 
 t( 
 
 f Lindly, J. N. 
 \ Alice I). Carson 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 /Lindly, J.J. 
 
 tt 
 
 ( Ellie H Pierson 
 
 
 /Lindly, Cicero J. 
 \ Alice J. McNeil 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 f Lupton John 
 I Louisa O. Dufour 
 
 tt 
 
 ti 
 
 ( Lvtle, F. W 
 
 tt 
 
 i Florida M. Routt, die:J 
 
 July 11th, 
 
 Lottie Danforth 
 
 Lebanon, 
 
 / Moore, Thomas 
 \ Mary J. Nichols 
 
 (• 
 
 •* 
 
 r Nichols, William 
 
 K 
 
 i Candine V. Lingen- 
 
 il 
 
 ( Delila Moore [felter 
 
 Died Feb. 5 
 
 Nichols. W. L. 
 
 Lebanon, 
 
 / Norris, S. R. 
 
 \ Maud G. Whittelsey 
 
 *' 
 
 <( 
 
 } Phillips, D. W. 
 \ Susan E. Vasey 
 
 (1 
 
 (( 
 
 / Pesold, Frederick 
 \ Louisa Reinbardt 
 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 f Pfeffer, C 
 
 1 Margaret Kuespert 
 
 (( 
 
 Cf 
 
 I" Rankin, James 
 
 l( 
 
 \ Elizabeth J. Phelps 
 
 Died Dec'r 
 
 ( i; i/.abcth McDonald 
 
 Died Mav 
 
 Rahner, John G. 
 
 Lebanon, 
 
 r Renter, Charles J. 
 
 
 ( Minnie A Schmidt 
 
 (( 
 
 f Schaefcr, Martin W. 
 Louisa L. Weigel 
 
 <( 
 
 (1 
 
 j Schaefer, Jacob 
 1 Margaret Noll 
 
 tt 
 
 '* 
 
 / Smith, James F. 
 1 Ella E. Robbins 
 
 
 If 
 
 { Sargent, J. L. 
 
 it, 
 
 ] Sargent, Jane H. 
 
 Died Nov'r 
 
 Abbie W. Danforth 
 
 Died May 
 
 ( Swahlen, William F. 
 1 Carrie V. Hvpes 
 
 Lebanon, 
 
 (( 
 
 Sager. C. H. 
 An)elia W. Slarkel 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 ( Tr .band, Philip H. 
 I Sophia Goola 
 
 .< 
 
 (f 
 
 f Willoughby, W- E. 
 1. Mary Moore 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 / Welsberger, Gustave 
 I Teekla Herbrodt • 
 
 
 t( 
 
 Leban. 
 
 Ed. & Prop. " Reveille' 
 
 Engineer , 
 
 Wife of John Brenning 
 
 B inker 
 
 Wife of J. D Baker 
 
 Hardwr. & Tinwr. Mer. 
 
 Wife of Henry Baum 
 
 Merchant 
 
 Wife Henry W. Blanck 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Germany 
 
 Ireland 
 
 New York City 
 
 St. Clair Co., ifl 
 
 (Jermany 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Mirion Co., ill 
 
 1879 
 Leban. 
 
 1849 
 1874 
 Leban. 
 
 1875 
 Leban. 
 
 1849 
 Leban. 
 
 16, '44 
 14, 77 
 Leban. 
 
 •21, '4 
 11, '80 
 Leban. 
 
 55 
 44 
 49 
 68 
 57 
 60 
 77 
 48 
 70 
 71 
 71 
 50 
 30 
 47 
 43 
 34 
 
 Ret. Railroad Condiictor^Ireland 
 Wife Wm. Brownlee Ohio 
 Physician and Surgeon Germany 
 Wife of A. Berger St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Merchant Germany 
 
 Wife of H. J. Blanck Clinmn <h., II! 
 Physician and Surgeon Harford Co. M 
 Lt. Wife R. F. Cunning- Vermilion Co., I! 
 Propr. Bishop Hse. [ham Susquehan. Co. Pa 70 
 Wife of E. Gannun Oneida Co. N.Y 7t) 
 
 Attorney-al-Law St. Clair Co., Ill 21 
 
 Wife of H. H. Horner Franklin Co. Vt 54 
 Retired BotetjurtCo.Va 21 
 
 1st Wife of Jos. Hypes Wythe Co., Va. 17 
 Late Wife " Bo'tetourt, Va. 17 
 
 Ins. and Loan Agent St. Clair Co., Id .39 
 Wife of Wm. H. H;. pes ' Connecticut |63 
 Watchmaker & Jeweler St. Clair Co. 111. 49 
 Wife of Gus. HoflTmann Germany '80 
 
 Ed. & Pub. Leb. 'Journ'l'i Caldwell eo. Ky 47 
 Mill'r & Prop Custom Mills Ohio 66 
 
 Wife of W. V. Kee.se. " 66 
 
 Druggist 
 
 Wifeof J.N. Lindly 
 Farm'r and Stock Dealer 
 Wifeof J.J Lindly 
 .\ttomey 
 
 Wife of C. J. Lindly 
 Portrait Pntr. & Photog'r 
 Wife of John Lnpton 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 1st Wife F. W. Lytle 
 
 Pres. Wife 
 Police Magistrate 
 WifeofTlios. Moore 
 Retired Farmer 
 Pres. Wife W. Nichols 
 1st Wife " " 
 Merchant 
 
 Railroad Agt. & Livery- 
 Wile S. R. Norris [man 
 Pres. McK'endree College Wash 
 Wife D. W. Phillips 
 Watchmaker & Jeweler 
 Wife of P. Pesold 
 Di.«tiller 
 
 Wife of C. Pfelfer 
 Mavor and Jn.stice Peace 
 IstWife J. Rankin 
 Late Wife '' 
 S.iloon Keeper. 
 Mfr. Mineral Wafer 
 Wife of C. J. Renter 
 Banker 
 
 Wife of M. W. Schaefer 
 Tailor & Land Specnlat'r 
 Wife of J- Schaefer 
 Commercial Traveler 
 Wifeof Jas. F Smith 
 Horticulturist & Farmer 
 1st Wife J. L. Sargent 
 Laie Wife " " 
 
 Prof, in McKendree Col. 
 Wife Wm. F. Swahlen 
 Hardwr. & .Agricult Mer 
 Wife of C. H. Sager 
 Cigar Manfr. and Saloon 
 Wife of P. H. Traband 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife W. K. Willoughby 
 Lumber Merchant 
 Wife Gustave Weisbei^er 
 
 Madison Co.. Ill 65 
 Wa.sh. Co., 111.80 
 Madison Co. Ill 66 
 Schuvler, N. Y. 65 
 Madison Co., Ill 65 
 Bond Co., 111. 80 
 Champaign Co. 0. 6.3 
 St. Louis, Mo. 63 
 Westmorei'd go. V 65 
 JessamineCo. E 65 
 Franklin Co. Vt 55 
 St Clair Co., Ill 25 
 " " " 34 
 Christ'n Co., Ky 25 
 Clark Co., Ky. 49 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 " 48 
 Will Co., 111. 71 
 Monmouth CO. N.J 71 
 Co., 111. 79 
 Jefferson Co., 79 
 Germany [N.Y 70 
 St. Louis, Mo. 56 
 Germany 73 
 
 73 
 Indiana Co., Pa]44 
 Davidson Co. T. 41 
 St Clair 0>. Ill!2i 
 
 Cincinnati, O. 
 Germany 
 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 8t. Clair, 111. 
 Germany 
 
 Broom Co., N.Y 
 N. Orleaas, La. 
 Colum.Co. N.Y 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Frankl'nCo.Vt 
 Wheeling, Va. 
 •St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Fairfield Co., O. 
 Germany 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 ( tt 
 
 Kent Co., Del. 
 St. Clair Co., II 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co. II 
 
 60 
 58 
 68 
 59 
 62 
 59 
 .59 
 78 
 78 
 39 
 21 
 5-2 
 63 
 49 
 58 
 59 
 64 
 SO 
 35 
 25 
 65 
 50 
 
TOWNSHIP 1 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 P. OFFICE. RESID, 
 
 Centralia 
 Mascoutah 
 
 Benz,. Gottlieb 
 
 Mary Liebig 
 ■ Bagby, £. 
 f Barker, Amos 
 \ Zaidee Kittenhouae 
 
 Cornick, Boyd 
 
 Decker, Henry J. 
 
 DilK, Fred. 
 
 Emig, A. C. 
 
 Eiseninayer, Philip H 
 
 Eisenmayer, George C. 
 
 Priess, Jolin P. 
 
 Fribolin, Charles 
 
 {Kriesz. Auoa U. ^ueu Fei'dcb- 
 baoberl 
 Priesz, George P. 
 Hueke, Philip 
 Hertz, Hermann 
 f Hecker, Fred. Colonel 
 \ Josephine Eissenhardi 
 
 iHagist, P. 
 El zabeth Frey 
 Hagist, Ernest 
 Kissel, Fred. 
 Leibig, Louis 
 Lill, Peter W. 
 ■ Lucius, R. W. 
 Leibrock, George 
 Leibrock, Geoige, Jr 
 Meyer, George 
 f Morlock, John 
 \ Maxei-ner, Minna 
 J Manville, W. A. 
 \ Margarie, P. Free 
 f Nungesser, Justus 
 \ Elizabeth Schmahl 
 Padfleld, James R. 
 Postel, Ph. H. 
 Pieke, A. 
 Kutz, R. 
 
 Eichiirdt, George, Jr. 
 Kie«s, Ferdiniin 
 f Richardson, James H 
 \ Maria Rentchler 
 f Riess, Adam 
 \ Barbara Friess 
 f Sehlinger, Anthony 
 \ Louisa Faust 
 Soheve, Gust J. 
 Swaggard, George 
 Hchubkegel, Philip 
 Schubkrgel, Fred. 
 Solomon, Albert 
 f Seheve, Fred. J. 
 \ Sophia Scheurer 
 Stock, Adam, Jr. 
 Stock, CharltB 
 / Stein, Louis 
 \ Caroline Etting 
 f Seewald, John Philip 
 I Catheiine Mersinger 
 
 Sheeley, W. D. 
 J Tyson, Robert A. 
 \ Samantha Neff 
 ( Wuench, Henry, Sr. 
 (.Elizabeh Wutnch 
 
 Mascontah 
 
 19 
 31 
 
 Soc. 2.Tp. 
 1 OlinfOo 
 
 Mas'tah 
 
 Died Sept. 
 
 Mascoutah 
 
 (( 
 
 Dec'd 
 
 Sammerfield 
 Mascoutah 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Sac. 19 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Sec. 15 
 15, '76 
 
 Mas'tah 
 
 Sec. 3 
 Maa'tah 
 
 New Baden 
 Mascoutah 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 CO 
 
 Wife of Gottlieb Benz 
 Grain Dealer and J. P. 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wife of Amos Barker 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 frnpi'lcior Mascoutah Huuae and 
 Livery 
 
 Editor Mascoutah Anzeiger 
 D puty Post Master 
 Mayor of Mascoutah 
 Ketired 
 
 Propr. Eagle House 
 General Merchant 
 Farming & Stock Riiisinj; 
 Late hus. of A. M. Friesz 
 General Merchandise 
 Cloth' & Gents' Furn. Good.- 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Glair Co. 111. 
 
 Halifax Co.N.C. 
 
 Lincoln Co. Maine 18 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Germany 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1 SOUTH, RANGE 8 WEST.-[Continued.J 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 H. Darmstadt,Ger. 
 Germany 
 
 NewBa' 
 i( 
 
 Mas,'. ah 
 
 Sec. 24 
 
 2-1 
 Mas'tah 
 
 Sec. 3S 
 33 
 
 27 
 27 
 
 Mtis'la) 
 
 Summerfield 
 Summerfield 
 Mifecoutah 
 
 Sec. 1 
 15 
 3 
 3 
 
 Mas'tati 
 
 Widow of the lata Coloael Fred. 
 Hecker 
 
 General Merchant 
 
 Wife of E. Hagist 
 
 Son 
 
 Butcher 
 
 Propr. of our House & Sal 
 
 Tobacconist 
 
 Jeweler 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Propr. Haw Mill and Dearler io Hai-d 
 TjUmber 
 
 Saloon and Billiard Hall 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Wife of John Morlock 
 
 Pastor Cbristlaa Church aud M at 
 
 Wife uf W. A. Manville 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Justus Nungesser 
 
 Constable 
 
 Proprietor Star Mills 
 
 Pastor Mascoutah Parish 
 
 Constable 
 
 General Merchandise 
 
 Proi-r. B-'lleville Hons 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of J. H. Richardson 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Adam Riess 
 
 Merchant Mills 
 
 Wife of Anth'y Sehlinger 
 
 JuKticeof the Peace aud lusuraace 
 Ajjent 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 Uue of the prijprLetors of Emeral lale 
 MiUa 
 
 Saloon 
 
 Cloth' 4 Gents' Fur. Goods 
 
 General Merchant 
 
 Wife of Fred. J. Seheve 
 
 Dlr. in Boots and Shoes 
 
 Merchant Tailor 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Louis Stein 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 WifeofJ. Philip Seewald 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Wife of Robert A. Tynon 
 
 Baden, Ger. 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 
 Belleville, III 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Heaae Darmstadt 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI. 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Chester Co. Pa 
 Union Co- Pa. 
 Hessen, Ger. 
 Darmstadt, Ger. 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co 
 
 111 
 
 Germany 
 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Freuss, Uiuden, Ger- 
 many 
 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 a If 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 York Co. Pa. 
 Ohio 
 
 Proprietor South-Easteru HouBe aud Q-eimanV 
 Saloon I ( 
 
 Wife of Henry Wiiench, Sr. 
 
 12 
 40 
 46 
 44 
 47 
 39 
 39 
 33 
 67 
 3-1 
 36 
 63 
 64 
 48 
 48' 
 50 
 52 
 67 
 47 
 36 
 50 
 53 
 44 
 44 
 54 
 53 
 58 
 35 
 40 
 54 
 51 
 22 
 
 75 
 
 49 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 48| 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 53 
 
 51 
 
 40 
 
 46 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 77 
 
 44 
 
 50 
 54 
 50 
 50 
 40 
 34 
 
 73 
 
 7H 
 58 
 58 
 
 J Hummel, Joseph 
 \ Louisa Hoffman 
 j Helms, F. 
 I Margaret M. Shook 
 f Keiiu, Heinrich 
 \ Anna M. Bucchel 
 j Kurtz, Edward 
 \ Mary Hammer 
 I Laeiiffert, W. H. 
 I Laura Metzger 
 ( Lippert, Henry 
 \ Catharine Gaff 
 j Moeser, Henry 
 \ Elizabeth Becker 
 
 Moesser, Fred. 
 fMiller, W. J. 
 \ Virginia M. Terrell 
 f Miller, David D. 
 -j Sally Burnett 
 I Miller, S;illy(iVeeCarr) 
 rNehring, Frank J. 
 -j Nehring, John 
 ( Eva Schniitt 
 J Schaefer, Mary 
 \ Schaefer, John 
 j Sohroeder, J. M. 
 \ Amanda L. Wilder 
 ( Stookey, T. A. [man 
 \ Mrs. Syrena L. Short 
 f Tale, Geo. R. 
 I Sarah C Smith 
 f Tempele, F. B. 
 \ Mary J en kens 
 I TerreH, Isaac L. 
 [ Nancy J. Woods 
 ( Veile, Joseph 
 \ Anna B. Cuch 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 It 
 
 Heinrich'n 
 Smithton 
 
 Belleville 
 
 ti 
 
 Smithton 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 NATIVITY. S 
 
 OS 
 
 36 Farmer & Stock Raiser gt. Clair Co., Ill 52 
 36 Wife of Joseph Hummel I " " 56 
 
 S'y 382 Farmer & Stock Raiser Germany 
 
 Wife of F. Helms St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Srathtn Propr. Hotel & Siiloon Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Wife ot Heinrich Keim Prussia, Ger 
 Sec. 2 Farmer & Stock Raiser St. Clair Co., Ill 
 2 Wife of Edward Kuriz 
 
 Belleville 
 
 (t 
 
 Smithton 
 Died Nov'r 
 Smithton 
 Freebui'g 
 
 Smithton 
 Died Sepl'r 
 freeburg 
 
 Smithton 
 
 tt 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Millstadt 
 
 Smthtn 
 It 
 
 Sec. 26 
 " 26 
 " 30 
 " 30 
 " 30 
 
 S'y - 
 
 SSc 
 
 1862 
 
 Sec. 29 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 20 
 
 19, '67 
 
 Sec 12 
 12 
 14 
 14 
 19 
 19 
 21 
 21 
 12 
 12 
 18 
 18 
 
 Physician & Surgeon 
 Wife of W. H. Laeufferi 
 Fmr. & Propr. Saw Mill 
 Wife of Henry Lippert 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Henry Moe-^er 
 Preacher & Farmer 
 
 Kmr. A Breeder of Noriuau^s Horses 
 and Short Horus, 
 
 Wifeof W. J. Miller 
 29 Fanner and Stock Raiser 
 Late Wife D. D. Miller 
 Mother " 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Father of Fr. J. -Nehrinj 
 Mother 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Late Hus. Mary Schaefer 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of J. M. Schroeder 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of T. A Slodkey 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Gc orge R. Tate 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of F. B. Tempele 
 Farmer & Stock Kaiser 
 Wife of Isaac L. Terrell 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Joseph Veile 
 
 52 
 45 
 56 
 56 
 50 
 55 
 45 
 79 
 41 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill ■ 
 
 Monroe Co., Illi62 
 
 St- Clair Co., Ill 45 
 
 50 
 
 57 
 
 50 
 
 52 
 
 29 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Heinpsbach, Gr 
 
 Hesse Damstadt 
 
 tt tt 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Macon Co., Tn. 
 Bourbon Co. Kv 
 St Clair Co , III 
 Wurtembrg, Gr 
 Ravaria, 
 
 03 
 
 :s 
 
 33 
 
 47 ■ 
 
 47 
 
 :-:6 
 
 44 
 
 32 
 
 58 
 
 :;4 
 
 40 
 
 47 
 
 37 
 
 51 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 (i5 
 
 96 
 
 TOWNSHIP 3 NORTH, RANGE 6, WEST. 
 
 TOWNSHIP 1 SOUTH, RANGE 8, WEST. 
 
 f Bock, G. C. 
 1 Elizabeth Schlafer 
 f Brenner, Wm. 
 (. Margaret Frees 
 
 Brebel, Philip J. 
 / Daab, George 
 1 Louisa Ettling 
 f Eimer, George J. 
 \ Ewers, Bernardine 
 J Eckert, Henry C. 
 I Mary L. Miller 
 
 Frein, Henry P. 
 ( Grossman, George 
 A Mary Hilger 
 ( Louisa Deabald 
 J Germain, J. H. 
 I Mary H. Mueller 
 
 Gundlach, Jacob 
 j Holcomb, L. M. 
 \ Georgie Wright 
 
 Smithton 
 
 Belleville 
 Smithton 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Smithton 
 
 Died 
 
 Smthtn 
 (( 
 
 Sec. 36 
 36 
 9 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 Smthtn 
 tt 
 
 S'y 381 
 
 Smithtim 
 Belleville 
 
 Freeburg 
 
 Smthtn 
 Sec. 19 
 Oct'r 9, 1870 
 
 Sec. 19 
 
 2 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 
 Wife of G. C Bock 
 
 Fmr., Car. & Stk Raiser 
 
 Wife of Wm. Brenner 
 
 Farmer and Stk Raiser 
 it tt 
 
 Wife of George Daab 
 
 Druggist 
 
 Wife of Geo. J. Eimer 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Hry C. Eckert 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 1st Wife Geo. Grossmann 
 
 Pres. W. " 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of J. H. Germain 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of L. M. Holcomb 
 
 Grermany 
 
 Belleville, 111. 
 St. Clair Co. 
 
 Belleville, 111. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Hesse Dam'dt, Gr 
 .( tt 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 f Adams, William Lebanon 
 
 \ Eloiiise Bradsby 
 
 f Anilrews, Henry H. Summerfld. 
 
 \ Caroline Calbrealh 
 
 f Appel, G. H. 
 
 \ Elizabeth Kiser 
 Brodnby, Wm. B. Lebanon 
 
 Mary E. Higgins 
 
 J Barton, Isaac • 
 
 \ Nancy A. Humphries 
 
 f Bub, Adam Summerfld. 
 
 \ Elizabeth Wettner 
 
 j Bilzer, Daniel Lebanon 
 
 I Sarah E Collins 
 
 f Bland, E. P. Summerfld. 
 
 \ Julia A. Padfield 
 
 f Beck, Stephen I 
 
 } Elizabeth Sdiwind " 
 
 { Catharine Heinclbach Died July 
 
 I Calbreath, John H. Lebanon 
 
 \RhodaPenn Died April 
 
 ( Eisenmayer, C. Summirfld 
 
 \ Mary E. Leibrock " 
 
 I Geers, James M. Lebanon 
 
 t Elizabeth McMurtry " 
 
 r Hamlet, James W. " 
 
 t Mary E- White 
 
 54 ; Hill, B. A. 
 
 55 \ Martha E. Chaffin 
 47 / Hill, J- B. Summerfld 
 40 t Emma Bryan " 
 54 f Moore, V. Lebanon 
 
 49 t Matilda P. Gabbert " 
 
 50 f Murphy, David Summeifld 
 46 t Martha V. Moore " 
 
 49 Moore, A. G. Lebanon 
 
 50 f Nichols, M. {Nee Bar- " 
 t Nichols, Jesse [ton Died May 
 
 77 f Nichols, Isaac Lebanim 
 
 32 \ Mary Chaffin Died Dec'i 
 
 49 I Sarah ArnoW Lebanon 
 
 49 f Padfield, W. R. Summeifld 
 
 52 I Caroline, Alexander Died Mch 
 57 1 Anna Klein Died Apri 
 
 54 [ Elizabeth Kline Summerfld 
 
 57 f Padfield, J. R. 
 72 ISu, an Tipton 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 l( 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 10 
 
 " 
 
 35 
 
 li 
 
 35 
 
 1* 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 15 
 
 (( 
 
 5 
 
 iC 
 
 5 
 
 i< 
 
 25 
 
 tt 
 
 25 
 
 " 
 
 6 
 
 (t 
 
 6 
 
 ti 
 
 35 
 
 ti 
 
 35 
 
 Smfld. 
 
 (« 
 
 
 17, 
 
 '58 
 
 Sec 
 
 11 
 
 4, 1876 
 
 Smfld. 
 
 Sec 
 
 4 
 
 it 
 
 4 
 
 it 
 
 9 
 
 (t 
 
 9 
 
 tt 
 
 9 
 
 U 
 
 9 
 
 cl 
 
 11 
 
 {( 
 
 16 
 
 tC 
 
 9 
 
 li 
 
 9 
 
 vSec 
 
 . :o 
 
 a 
 
 10 
 
 C( 
 
 29 
 
 (( 
 
 7 
 
 11, 
 
 '78 
 
 Sec 
 
 . S 
 
 13, 
 
 '57 
 
 Stc 
 
 . 8 
 
 Sec. 2'Farmer Si. Clair Co., HI 
 
 Wife of William Adams. Wash. Co., Ill 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser Germany 
 Wife of H. H. Andrews St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser Germany 
 Wifo of G. H. Appel 
 Farmer & Stock Kaiser 
 Wife of Wm. B. Bradsby 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Isaac Barton 
 Farmer 
 
 Wife of Adam Bub 
 Farmer aud Dairying 
 Wife of Daniel Bilzer 
 Retired Physician 
 Wife of E. P. Bland 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Prts Wife of S. Beck 
 
 1st Wife 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Lt. Wife J. L. Calbreath 
 
 Milling 
 
 Wife of C. Eisenmeyer 
 
 Farmer & Stock Rsiscr 
 
 Wife of James M. Geers 
 
 Farmer & Stoak Raiser 
 
 Wife of Jas. W. Hamlet 
 
 Farmer & S:ock Rai^er 
 
 Wife of B. A. Hill 
 
 Farmer & Stoi k Raiser 
 
 Wife of J. B. Hill 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of C. Moore 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of David Murphy 
 
 Rnired 
 
 Widow of Jesse Nichols 
 
 Late Hus. Matil. Nichols 
 
 Farming 
 
 1st Wife Isaac Nichols 
 
 Pres. Wife " 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 18, '54 1st Wife W. R- 
 18, '742d '■ " 
 
 Sec. 28 Pr. " 
 '■ 34 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 '' 34 Wife of J. R. Padfield 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Davidson Co., 
 Germ'y [Ttnn 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Lancast'r co. Pa 
 Montgr.Co., N. Y- 
 Virginia 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Germany 
 St. Loui-s, Mo. 
 Germany 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 <i .> 
 
 Germany 
 
 Bourbon Co- Ky 
 White Co., 111. 
 Wilsim Co., Tn. 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 Monroe Co., Tn 
 Fayette Co.. Ill 
 
 St- Clair Co., Ill 
 it it 
 
 England [Fnd, 
 
 Washinoton t^o. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 Fayette Co., Ill 
 Madison CO. Ala 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Padfield Georgia 
 Germany 
 On Allan. Oc'n 
 St. Clair Co.. Ill 
 Carter Co., Tn 
 
 12 
 
 39 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 34 
 
 52 
 
 28 
 
 l31 
 
 41 
 
 50 
 
 53 
 
 42 
 
 60 
 
 63 
 
 44 
 
 33 
 
 53 
 
 58 
 
 52 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 53 
 
 4-2 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 52 
 
 59 
 
 54 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 49 
 
 32 
 
 16 
 
 25 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 40 
 
 3s 
 I 
 32 
 .3 
 53 
 
 
TOWNtSHIP 2 NOUIH, RANGE 6 WEST.— [CoNTiNDEn ] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 P. OrFICE. 
 
 f Perriti, N. 
 \ Piffner, Mary 
 f Paiiseh, E. 
 J Mary Appt-l 
 1 Pausch, John 
 [ Mary Mallrich 
 ) Kuss, Biipert 
 \ Mary Giith 
 f Keibold, L. 
 ■j Letnentine Straus 
 (.Caroline Schutte 
 ( Seller, Henry 
 ■I Alice J. Radefelt 
 (Nancy P. Bad ley 
 f Tipton, W. R. 
 \ Fannie Padfield 
 J Tiiicher, W. F. 
 \ Alice A. Anderson 
 J Wadsworth, Jolin 
 ISarali, Hill 
 ( Whitaker, Jojiin E. 
 I Anna E. Stewart 
 f Whitaker, Joseph P. 
 \ Jennie E. Faires 
 J Winkler, Julius 
 1 P. H. Schmidt 
 
 Sumraerti'd 
 Died July 
 Smnmerfld, 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Died April 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 ii 
 
 Died May 
 Lebanon 
 
 Summerfl'd 
 
 ." 29 
 19, '65 
 Snifld. 
 
 OCCUPATION 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Sec. 20 
 " 20! 
 ■' 33 
 
 7, 1870 
 
 Sec. 33' 
 " 8, 
 
 14, '77! 
 
 Sec. 8 
 " 32 
 " 32 
 " 4 
 " 4 
 " 16 
 " 16 
 " 10 
 " 10 
 " 15 
 " 15 
 
 Smfld. 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 Lite Wife of N. Perrin 
 Mer. & Dlr. in Agr. Imp 
 Wife of E. Pau.-*ch 
 Mer. & Dlr. in Agr, Imp 
 Wife of John Paunch 
 Wine Grower 
 Wife of Rupert Buss 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Ist Wife of L. Reibold 
 Present Wile '' 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 1st Wife of Henry Seller 
 Pres. " 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of W. R. Tipton 
 Farmer & Slock Raiser 
 Wife of W. F. Tincher 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Wadsworth 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife John R. Whitaker 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wifeof Jos. P. Whitaker 
 Merchant 
 Wife of Julius WinkRr 
 
 France 
 Switzerland 
 St. Clair Co., Hi 
 
 Germany 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Germany 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 Polk Co., Tenn 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Madison Co 
 St Clair Co 
 Clinton Co., Ill 
 Greene Co., Tn. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Clinton Co., 111. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Madison Co. Ill 
 Germany 
 
 III 
 III 
 
 TOWNSHIP NO. 1 SOUTH, RANGB 6 WEST. 
 
 J Andres, George J. 
 \ Mary Stall 
 
 IBarlh, John 
 Catharine Koob 
 Calh. Linas {Nee Ren- 
 iBarth, George [ther 
 Mahuldah Hawkins 
 Delilah McNail 
 ) Cannady, Elijah 
 \ Diana M. Sackett 
 f Dickhaut, Peler 
 \ Elizabeth Leibig 
 J Engelraann, Theodore 
 I Johanna Kribben 
 / Eidmann, Louis F. 
 \ Catharine Koob 
 j Fries, John 
 •j Catharine Oberling 
 ( Elizabeth Wolber 
 J Funck, August 
 \ Magilalena Hollocher 
 ( Friesz, John 
 \ Elizabeth Friesz 
 
 Griffin, Ed. M. 
 ( Ka'rch Charles 
 t Mary Heberer 
 ( Klingel, Louis 
 \ Uatharine Seibert 
 i Laux, Peter 
 \ Catharine Scheide 
 I Nicol, Martin 
 \ Cliailoite Voss 
 ( Kayhill, John J. 
 ( Adaline, Pitts 
 J Siiibert, Peter 
 t Catharine Eidman 
 
 Sheeley, W. D. 
 J Tracawell, George 
 I Elizabeth Linn 
 
 Maiicoulah 
 
 Died Dec' I 
 Mascoutah 
 
 Died Dec'r 
 Mascoutah 
 
 Fayettcville 
 Died Dec'r 
 Fnyet eville 
 Mascoutah 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 (• 
 
 Mascoutah 
 
 t( 
 Died Mch, 
 
 Fayetteville 
 it 
 
 Masco:itah 
 
 Died Nov. 
 
 Fayetteville 
 u 
 
 Mascoutah 
 
 See. 
 
 16 
 
 It 
 
 16 
 
 (f 
 
 7 
 
 15, 
 
 '74 
 
 Sec. 
 
 7 
 
 (t 
 
 8 
 
 1874 1 
 
 Sec. 
 
 8 
 
 '• 
 
 17 
 
 (( 
 
 17 
 
 " 4 
 " 4 
 " 20 
 " 20 
 " 18 
 " 18 
 " 31 
 
 1862 
 
 Sec. 31 
 '■ 10 
 
 (( 
 
 12' 
 
 {( 
 
 12 
 
 <* 
 
 30 
 
 .< 
 
 31 
 
 '• 
 
 31 
 
 u 
 
 8 
 
 tt 
 
 8 
 
 it 
 
 16 
 
 1, 18771 
 
 Sec 
 
 32 
 
 (( 
 
 32 
 
 t* 
 
 3 
 
 1865 1 
 
 Sdc 
 
 30 
 
 U 
 
 30 
 
 Masc. 1 
 
 S c 
 
 30 
 
 i' 
 
 30 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 Wife of Geo. J. Andres 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 1st Wifeof John Barth 
 
 Present Wife 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 I si Wife of George Barth 
 
 Pres. " •' 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Wife of Elijah Cannady 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wife of Peter Dickhaut 
 
 Retir^d.Farmer 
 
 Wife Tlieo. Engelraann 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 
 Wile of L. F. Eidmann 
 
 Retired Farmer 
 
 1st Wife of John Fries 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of August Funck 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of John Friesz 
 Farmer & Slock Raiser 
 Fmr. & Township Scli'l 
 Wife Chas. Karch [Treas 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Louis Klins;el 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Late Wife of Peter Laux 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Martin Nicol 
 Retired Farmer 
 Wifeof John. L Rayhill 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Peter Seibert 
 Teacher 
 
 Farmer & Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Geo. Tracewell 
 
 Rhein Pfaltz, G 
 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Wash. Co., Ill 
 DeKalb Co. Mo 
 H. Damstadt, G 
 
 Rhein Pfaltz, G 
 Cologne, Prus. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Clinton Co., Ill 
 H. Damstadt, G 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Badeu, '' 
 H. Damstadt, G 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 H. Damstadt, G 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 H. Damstadt, G 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 Bavaria, '* 
 Nassau, " 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 35 
 40 
 34 
 
 48: 
 
 46 
 33! 
 2-5' 
 25 
 74 
 74 
 48 
 33 
 33 
 40 
 47 
 70 
 36 
 46 
 64 
 59 
 59 
 40 
 58 
 63 
 43 
 47 
 41 
 52 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 40 
 
 " (( (( loj 
 
 H.Darmstadt,(i 52 
 StrClair Co. 11148 
 
 llarriaburg, Pa. 
 
 TOWNSHIP 3 SOUTH, RANGE C WEST. 
 
 ( Blankenmei.ster, A. L. 
 1 Maggie Dunn 
 ( Borders, M. W. 
 \ Rachel, Alcorn 
 ( Beckmann, Philip C. 
 ( Elizabeth M. Kruss 
 f Cmlter, Arthur P. 
 \ Phebe C Jackson 
 ( Crawford, Rev. J. B. 
 I Martha E. Wliite 
 f Coulter, George P 
 t Sarah S. Armour 
 f Crouch, A. F. 
 \ Margaret J. Green 
 
 {Cojipedge, James A. 
 Mary H. Fitzwater 
 j Dunn, Andrew 
 \ Mary M. Walker 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Darmstadt 
 Marissa 
 
 Died May 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Watch Mak°r & Jeweler 
 
 Wifeof A. 'j.RlankeTimiestGr 
 General M^Tchant 
 Wife of M. W. Borders 
 
 Sec. 3 Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 3 Wife of Philip Beckmann 
 
 Marissa' Physician and Surgeon 
 Wife ofArthurP Coulter 
 Minister Ref. Presb'y Ch. 
 Wife of Rev. J. B. Crawford 
 
 Sec. 16 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 16 Wife of Geo. F. Coulter 
 
 Marissa Pliotographe--. 
 
 Wife of A. F. Crouch 
 Propr. Hamilton House .J, P 
 Wife of Jjs. A. (Joppedge 
 
 Sec. 30 P"'armer and Stock Raiser 
 
 4, '70 Late wife of And. Dunn 
 
 Cooper Co ,Mo 
 RmdolphCu. II 
 
 H. Drmsdt. Ger 
 
 Wash. Co., III. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Co. Donneg'l, Ir 
 Randolph Co. II 
 Robertson Co. T 34 
 Ches. Dist. S. C 34 
 Baltimore, Md 1 66 
 Crawfrd Co. Mo'64 
 " |72 
 " " |72 
 
 Ches. Dist. S. C 52 
 Fairfld " " ]5o 
 
 TOWNSHIP 3 SOUTH, RANGE 6 WEST.— [Continued.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 P. OFFICE. 
 
 / D'al, Harrison 
 
 1, Frances M. Gib.son 
 
 / Finger, Augiiste 
 
 1 Finger, Jas. H. M. D 
 
 j Green, B. P. 
 
 1 Sarah Gaity 
 
 f Guthrie, George W. 
 
 \ Rebecca McClintock 
 
 {Gib.son, Samuel 
 Cornelia Patterson 
 Hannah R. Campbell 
 ( Guthrie, S.J. 
 1 Mary A. Mcllwain 
 / Hamilton, James H. 
 \ Virginia S. Short 
 / Hamilton, John C. 
 t Marfjaret .Meek 
 ( Hamilton, Robert H. 
 1 Lucy A. Thompson 
 
 r Hamlkon, Elizabeth (nee Bau- 
 J niau) 
 
 L Matthew E. Hamilton 
 
 iHendren, N. (nee Smith) 
 Janus W. Green 
 Hendren, John H. 
 ( Helbron, J. R. 
 \ Maggie Hell 
 f Hacker, Alexander 
 \ Susanna Wielmenster 
 f Hesker, L. (nee Dial) 
 \ Hesker, John W. 
 j Hell, John 
 \ Elizabeth Weltz 
 f Kirchhoefer, Phil 
 \ Margl. Weilmuenster 
 
 Lyons, Rev. S. R. 
 f Lyons, W. M. K. 
 \ Sarah J. Patten 
 f Lively, M. M. 
 \ Martha J. Elder 
 
 {McCurdy. James 
 Mary McMillen 
 Elizabeth E.Thompson 
 f Moore, Daniel T. 
 \ Sarah J. Brown 
 f Miles, Willjam H. 
 \ Lucy Lisley 
 / Mearns, Robert 
 \ Marian Pollock 
 f Nelson, George 
 1 Catherine B. White 
 C Nairn, Hugh 
 ■j Margaret Watt 
 ( Jannelte McMillen 
 f Nixon, John 
 \ Martha Ramsey 
 j Nevin, George 
 \ Mary J. H-nnah 
 fOrth, John 
 \ Sophia Berninser 
 f Robinson, William 
 \ Agnes Pollock 
 f Short, J. S. 
 \ Rebecca L. Whitraare 
 f Sternemaun, Stephen 
 \ Margaret A. Hoee 
 / Stuart, Mary 
 \ Stuart, «|(||;n 
 ( Steinheifer, Heinrich 
 \ Steinheimer, Ilanette 
 
 {Strassinger, Henry Sr. 
 Sclietick, Margareta 
 Emile Ruebert 
 ( Wells, John W. 
 \ W. lis, Ella A. 
 
 r Wlllto, Margaret J. (noe Ham- 
 } II toil 
 
 i White, John K. 
 
 ] Wylie, J. A. 
 
 \ White, Sarah C. 
 
 f Wilson, Robert H. 
 
 \ Jennie M. Hamilton 
 
 ( Wyllie.Robt. Crichton 
 
 1. Anna C. Mathews 
 
 f Wylie. William 
 
 1 Mary Guthbertson 
 
 I Wills, A. H. 
 
 \ Lizzie J. Hamilton 
 
 I Walker, Josiah 
 
 \ Elizabeth McCarthy 
 
 f Weiniz, Charles 
 
 \ Doro. Roemei h leuser 
 
 f Zihisdorf, Daniel 
 
 \ Mary E. Dunn 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Died March 
 Marissa 
 
 Died May 
 Marissa 
 
 3f 
 
 7. '72 
 See. 35 
 
 .Marissa 
 
 Died Oct. 
 Marissa 
 Died March 
 Mariasa 
 
 BESID. 
 
 Sec 
 
 22 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 27 
 
 10, 
 
 '53 
 
 Sec. 
 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Farmer and Stock Riiser 
 Wife of Harrison Dial 
 Farming & Sinck Raising; 
 Ijate hus. of Aug. Finger 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wifeof B. P. Gre-n 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 
 nativitv. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Wash. Co. " 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 Frankfort, Prus, 
 Monroe Co., III. 
 Co. Antrim, Ire 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Co. Antrim Ire 
 Wash. Co.. III. 
 St. Clair " 
 
 Rmdolph 
 
 32 Wife of Geo. W. Guthrie 
 I'arp. A Board'g Hou.sB Kpr. 
 First wife of S. Gibson 
 Pres. 
 
 Ltvp-y Machine Shnp and Agricut- 
 tui'iil lnipluineiit,i. 
 
 Wife CIS. J. flufhrie 
 
 Banker & Hard' Mej-ch. St. Clair 
 
 Wifeof Jas. H. Hamilton Fulton 
 
 Sec. 28 Far. Merchant & Banker Ches. Dist. S. C. 
 
 28 Wife of J. C. Hamilton Randolph Co. II 
 
 28 Farmer and Merchant Ches. Disi. S. C 
 
 28 Wife of R H. Hamilton St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Marissa General Merchant 
 
 25, '76 Late hus. of E. Hamilton Ches. Dist. S. C 
 
 Co. Antrim, Ire 
 
 Randolph Co. II 
 
 Hancock Co. In 
 
 Prussia 
 tt 
 
 St. Clair Co. HI 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 H. Darm., Ger. 
 
 Marissa Retired Farmer 
 26, '77 First hus. of N. Hendren 
 Marissa Pres. " " 
 
 Hotel and Saloon 
 Wifeof J. R. Hebbron 
 Sec. 15 Fanner and Stock Raiser 
 
 15 Wife of Alex. Hacker 
 Marissa Widow of J W. H&sker 
 Died April 2.3, '78 Late hus. of L. Hesker 
 Marissa Sec. 28 F'arraer and Slock Raiser 
 Died Peb.'6, '74 Wife of John Heil 
 Marissa Marissa Propr. Globe House Germany 
 
 " I Wife of Phil Kirchkoefer St. Clair Co., Tl 
 " iMinister United Preshy' Ch.'Pairfild Dis.SC 
 " I Druggist & Liim. Merch. .St. Clair Co. 111. 
 " Wife of W. M. K. Lyons Randolph " 
 " [Carpenter & Builder i '■ " 
 
 " 'Wifeof M. M Lively jSoulh Carolina 
 Sec. 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser t!o. Antrim, Ire 
 Died Aug. 185S First wife of J. McCurdy I " " 
 Marissa Sec. 29 Pres. " " jRandolphCo.il 
 
 5 Farmer and Stock Raiser St. Clair 
 5 Wife of Daniel T. Moore 
 32i Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 32 Wifeof W.H. Miles 
 Mari«sa Dlr. in Agricultural Imp. Scotland 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 tC 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Died Auf 
 Marissa 
 
 Died Feb. 
 
 Maris.sa 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 Marissa 
 ■t". 
 
 38 
 
 64 
 38 
 42 
 26- 
 53 
 41 
 49 
 48 
 38 
 5-2 
 48 
 76 
 44 
 55 
 34 
 57 
 34 
 6i 
 29 
 34 
 51 
 26 
 74 
 74 
 74 
 49 
 52 
 41 
 63 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 44 
 55 
 47 
 75 
 72 
 2 
 53 
 54 
 59 
 46 
 48 
 44 
 55 
 75 
 
 ^' 
 
 2. '78 Late wifeof Robt. Mearns 
 ec. 34 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 34 Wife of George Nelson 
 8'Farmer and Stock Riiser 
 1863 i Wife of Hugh Nairn 
 Sec. 8i Present " " 
 
 8 Fanner and Carpenter 
 8 Wife of John Nixon 
 22 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 22 Wife of George Nevin 
 
 Co. Antrim, Ire 
 tt tt 
 
 Bavaria, Ger. 
 
 Died Sept. 
 Marissa 
 
 Died Jan. 
 Marissa 
 
 Died Aug. 
 Marissa 
 
 Lenzburg 
 
 ■tt 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Wife of John Orth 
 Sec. 31 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 31 Wife of Wm. Robinson 
 3--ij(Ik of WhiieOak Coal Co 
 35 Wife of J. S. Short 
 Saloon Keeper 
 
 Wi c of Stephen Sterne-lst. "ciair Co. III. 
 Farming & Stock RaisingCo. Antrim, Ire 
 21, '73 Late hus. of Marv Stuart 
 Marisss' Prop, of Liv. & F'd Stable St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 Old Ha 
 rla a 
 
 Sec. 15 
 
 OM Ma- 
 
 4. '08 
 Old Ma- 
 rissa 
 
 Mari sa 
 
 (( 
 
 Sec. 33 
 28, '56 
 Sec. 33 
 33 
 28 
 29 
 Marissa 
 
 Sec. 17 
 
 17 
 
 Marissa 
 
 Sec. 26 
 
 26 
 
 M irissa 
 
 Wife of H. Steinheimer 
 General Merchant [Sr 
 1st wifeof H. Strassinger, 
 Pres. " 
 
 Editor Marissa Monator 
 Wife of John W. Wells 
 Farming & Slock Raising 
 Hus. of Marg't J. White 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wifeof J. A. Wylie 
 Farmer and Slock Raiser 
 Wife ofHobt. H. Wilson 
 General Mercliant 
 Wife of R C. Wyllie 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of William Wylie 
 Cashier Bank of Marissa 
 Wife of A. H. Wells 
 Saloon Keeper 
 Wife of Josiah Walker 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Charles Weintz 
 Post Master 
 Wi e of Daniel Zihisdorf 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill !57 
 Chester Dist.S.C 56 
 " " 56 
 .\vreshire, Scot. 42 
 Scotland 42 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill.|33 
 .letferson Co. 0.36 
 Chester Dist.S.C 57 
 32 
 55 
 65 
 67 
 Co.Mongh'n,lre t)4 
 "64 
 56 
 56 
 6 
 49 
 52 
 50 
 47 
 46 
 54 
 
 Randolph Co. II 
 Juniata. Pa. 
 Bedford Co Pa. 
 
 Swilz- 
 
 rmann;'^"°'"°J'''"' 
 
 H.Darmst'dt,Gr 
 It tt 
 
 Sasanu, Ger. 
 Switzerland 
 Hampden Co. W 
 Van BurenCo.la 
 Randolph Co. II 
 Chester Dist S.C 
 Randolph Co. II 
 Si. Clair Co. 111. 
 Chester Dist.S.C 
 >< II 
 
 St. Clair Co. 111. 
 
 Randolph Co. U 
 
 Ayreshire, Scot. 
 tt II 
 
 VanBurenCo.Ia 
 St. Clair " II 
 Davis " la 
 
 Randolph " II 
 Rhein Platz, Gr 
 Kurhis.sen, Ger. 
 Pommera Prus 
 St. Clair Co. III. 
 
 63 
 72 
 34 
 49 
 62 
 55 
 ^ 
 34 
 52 
 76 
 43 
 44 
 72 
 56 
 71 
 73 
 58 
 68 
 ?3 
 37 
 
TOWNSHIP 2 SOUTH, RAKGB 6, WEST. 
 
 NAMB. 
 
 f Biirgard, Conrad 
 I Bertha Morlock 
 f Baalmann, Anion 
 I Catharine Riitter 
 f Erb, George 
 \ Magdalene Waeltz ,, 
 f Eckert, George Martin 
 I Regina M. A.Voskamp 
 r Pranke, Josepli ' 
 I Eosa Klook 
 J Fischer, F. X. 
 I Helena Wpgner 
 f Hoff, Aug^ist B. 
 l Rose Hir^h 
 J Heimberger, E. U. 
 I. Hermann,! Anna* 
 J Hausman, C. D. 
 \ Catharine Dierker 
 J Harwerth, Bernard 
 I. Elizabeth yHnndelt 
 J Harwerthj William' 
 I Adel. Sch^iedcrjans' . 
 / Kreikemeyer, Adolph 
 \ Gertrude JHartlage 
 J Lehr, John 
 \ Maria M< Friefenbach 
 
 p. OFf ICE. 
 
 St. Libory 
 « 
 u 
 
 (I 
 
 Fayettevl. 
 
 Darmstadt. 
 
 ({ 
 
 St. Libory 
 
 u 
 
 Darmstadt 
 
 (f 
 
 Fayettevl. 
 « 
 
 St. Libory 
 
 Deceased 
 Fayettevl. 
 
 Darmstadt 
 
 Seo'n 11 
 n 
 Sen. an. T 
 
 ■i B. 5, W. 
 Wsh.oo. I 
 
 Sec'n 6 
 Seo'n ■ 6 
 
 Dartn. 
 
 St. Lib. 
 (I 
 
 Dmsdt 
 ii 
 
 Fayett. 
 
 St. Lib 
 i< 
 
 Sec. 24 
 Sec. 24 
 Sec. 24, 
 
 Fayett. 
 
 Dmsdt 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of Conrad Burgard 
 Farmer & Justice Peace 
 Wife of Anton Baalman 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife of George Erb 
 Propr. Drmstadt Mills 
 Wife of Geo. M. Eckert 
 Blacksmith 
 Wife of J. Franke 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 Wife of if'. X. Fischer 
 Teacher and Farmer 
 WifeofAug. B. Hoff 
 Post Master V 
 
 Wife R. U. Heimberger 
 Harness Maker and J. P. 
 Wife of C. D. Hausman 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife Bernard Hawerth 
 Retired Parmer 
 Lt. Wife Wm. Harwerth 
 General Blacksmithing 
 Wifeof Ad'lph Kreikemeyer 
 Pr. Drmsdt.Hot. 
 Wife of John Lehr 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 
 <i U 11 
 
 Wash. Co., 111. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 H. Drmsdt, Ger 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 H. Drmsdt, Ger 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Basle, Switzer'd 
 Posen, Prussia 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Baden, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Bohemia 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 Wash. Co., 111. 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 
 Westphalia, Pr. 
 St. Clair Co., Ill 
 H. Drmstdt, Gr 
 
 TOWNSHIP 2 SOUTH, RANGE 6 WEST.-[CoNTiNrEB.] 
 
 NAME. 
 
 f Moss, Herman 
 
 \ Mary Schoenebaum 
 
 Meinert, Henry 
 / Niese, John 
 \ Mary Rank 
 ( Poelmann, Theo. « 
 \ Anna Rutler 
 
 Rerabe, Charles 
 f Rieth, Joseph [man 
 \ C. Sander {Nee Mass- 
 r^teutter, Bernard 
 .{ Kutter, Henry 
 ( Gertrude Klaasmeier 
 5 Sraubinger, Benedict 
 I Mary Wilkins 
 f Stein, Adolph 
 \ Mary Brueckner 
 / Vahlkamp, Stephan 
 \ Elizabeth Rank 
 
 Voskarap, Henry 
 / Wasem, Valentine, Jr. 
 \ Charlotte Karch 
 Weber, August 
 Likcinda A. Griffin 
 
 Fayettevl. 
 
 St. Libory 
 
 Fayettevl. 
 Darmstadt 
 
 St. Libory 
 Died Aug. 
 St. Libory 
 Fayettevl. 
 
 RESID. 
 
 Sec. 9 
 Sec. 9 
 Fayett, 
 
 St. Lib 
 
 Fayett. 
 
 Dmsdt 
 it 
 
 St. Lib 
 10, '80 
 St. Lib 
 Sec. 8 
 Sec. 8 
 Fayett. 
 
 OCCUPATION. 
 
 Fmr. & Propr. Saw Mill 
 Wife of Herman Moss 
 Shoemaker 
 Boot and Shoe Maker 
 Wife of John Niese 
 General Merchant 
 Wife of Theo. Poelmann 
 Physician and Surgeon 
 General Merchant 
 Wife of Joseph Rieth 
 General Merchant 
 Father Bernard Ratter 
 Mother " 
 
 Farmer and Stock Raiser 
 Wife Benedict Straubin 
 Farmer & Sal. Kpr. [ger 
 Wife of Adolph Stein 
 Fmr. & Prop. Okaflf.-Hse 
 Wife of S. Vahlkamp \ 
 General Merchan 
 Agt. Agr. Imp. & Mchy. 
 Wife of Val. Wasem 
 Farmer 
 Wife of August Weber 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Lumach Sax. G 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co, 111 
 Hesse Cassel, G 
 Nassau, Ger. 
 Wash. Co., III. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Germany 
 
 Suavia, Prussia 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Hanover, Ger. 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 Westphalia, Pr. 
 Strassburg, Ger 
 St. 'Clair (Jo. Ill 
 Rhinish Bav. G 
 St. Clair Co. Ill 
 
 2 
 
 "2 
 
 IB 
 
 47 
 
 44 
 78 
 47 
 51 
 6> 
 57 
 78 
 57 
 57 
 58 
 43 
 48 
 54 
 50 
 67 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 58 
 50 
 48 
 53 
 
KEYISED CONSTITUTION OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 We. the people of the State of Illinois — grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political 
 and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for 
 a blessing upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding 
 generations — in crder to form a more perfect government, establish justice, insure domestic 
 Iranquility.provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and stcure the liless- 
 ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity; do ordain and establish this constitution for 
 the State of Illinois, 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 BOUNDARIES.! 
 
 The boundaries and jurisdiction of the State shall be as follows, to wit : Beginning at 
 the mouth of the Wabash river; thence up the same, and with the line of Indira, to the 
 nonhwest comer of said State ; thence east, with the line of the same State, to the middle 
 of Lake Michigan ; thence north, along the middle of said lake, to north latitude 42 degrees 
 and 30 minutes ; thence west to the middle of the Mississippi river, and thence down along 
 the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river, and thence up the latter river, 
 along its northwestern shore, to the place of beginning : Provided^ that this State shall exer- 
 cise such jurisdiction upon the Ohio river as she is now entitled to, or such as may 
 hereafter be agreed upon by this State and the State of Kentucky. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 BILL OF RIGHTS. 
 
 T. Inherent and Inalienable Rights. 
 
 2. Ijue Process of Law. 
 
 3. Liberty of Conscience Guaranteed. 
 
 4. Freedom of the Press— Libel. 
 
 5. Right of Trial by Jury. 
 
 6. Unreasonable Searches and Seizures. 
 
 7. Bail allowed — ^Writ of Habeas Corpus. 
 
 8. Indictment required — Grand Jury Abolished. 
 
 9. Rights of Persons Accused ot Crime, 
 to. Sclf-Crimination — Former Trial. 
 
 II. Penalties proportionate — Corruption — For- 
 feiture. 
 ' 12. Imprisonment for Debt. 
 I 13. Compensation for Property taken. 
 '\ 14. Ex post facto laws — Irrevocable Grants, 
 
 15. Military Power Subordinate. 
 I 16. Quartering of Soldiers. 
 
 17. Right of Assembly and Petition. 
 
 18. Elections to be Free and Eqjal. 
 
 19. What Laws ought to be. 
 
 [ 20. Fundumentai Principles.- 
 
 \ I. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalieh- 
 able rights — among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these 
 rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their 
 just powers from the consent of the governed. 
 
 \ 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or properly,'without due process of law. 
 
 I 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without dis- 
 crimination, shall forever be guaranteed ; and no person shall be denied any civil or political 
 right, privilege or capacity, on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience 
 hereby secured shall not be construed to dispense with oaths or afifirmntions, excuse acts of 
 licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State. No 
 person shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place of worship against his 
 consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of 
 worship. 
 
 \ 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible 
 ibr the abuse of that liberty; and in all tiials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, 
 when published with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient defense. 
 
 \ 5, The right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed shall remain inviolate; but the 
 trial of civil cases before justices of the peace by a jury of less than twelve men, may be 
 authorized by law. 
 
 I 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, 
 against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violdted ; and no warrant shall 
 issue without probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be 
 searched, and the person or things to be seized. 
 
 \ 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, where 
 the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ ol habeas corpus 
 shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the publ.c saftty may 
 require it. , 
 
 \ 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on indictment of a 
 grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than 
 in the penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, and in cases arising in the army nnd navy, or 
 in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger: frovided, that the 
 grand jury may be abolished by law in all cases. 
 
 \ 9. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right to appear and defend 
 in person and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a 
 copy thereof; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have process to compel the attend- 
 ance of witnesses in his bahalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county 
 or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed. 
 
 g 10. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give evidence against him- 
 self, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. 
 
 g II. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense; and no conviction 
 shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported 
 out of the State for any offense committed within the same, 
 
 \ 12, No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon refusal to deliver up his estate 
 for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed bylaw; or in cases 
 where there is strong presumption of fraud. 
 
 \ 13. Private property shall not be t.iken or damaged for public use without just compen- 
 .sntion. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall lie ascertnined by a jiiiy, as 
 shall be prescribed by law. The fee of land l.iken f. r railroad tracks, without consent of 
 the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, subject to the u■^c for which it is taken. 
 
 \ 14. No expostfacU law, or law impairing the obligation of contract', or making any 
 irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed. 
 
 g 15. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. 
 
 I 16, No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any ho>ase without the consent 
 of the owner ; nor in time of war except in the manner presci'ibed hy law, 
 
 § 17, The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for Ihfs 
 common good, to make known their opinions to their reptesentatives, and to apply for 
 redress of grievances. 
 
 J 18. All elections shall be free and equal, 
 
 \ 19, Every person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries ^nd wrongs 
 which he may receive in his person, property or reputation ; he ought to .^obtain, 1 y law 
 right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and without 
 denial, promptly and without delay, 
 
 \ 20, A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of civil government is abso- 
 lutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty, 
 
 ARTICLE HI, 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS, 
 
 The "lowers of the Government of this State are divided into three distinct departments 
 — the Legislative, Executive and Judicial ; and no person, or collection of persons, being 
 one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the 
 others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted, 
 
 ARTICLE IV, 
 
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 General Assembly elective. 
 
 Time of Election — Vacancies. 
 
 Who are Eligible. 
 
 Disqualification by Crime, 
 
 Oath taken by members. 
 
 Senatorial Apportionments. 
 
 & 8. Minority Representation. 
 
 Time of meeting— General Rules. 
 
 Secretary — Adjournment — Journals, Protests. 
 
 Style of Laws. 
 
 Origin and passage of Bills. 
 
 Reading— Printing - Title— Amendments, 
 
 Privileges uf members. 
 
 iJisabilitii s of members. 
 
 Bills making Appropriations. 
 
 Payment of money— ^Statement of Expenses. 
 
 \ 18. Ordinary Expenses — Casual Deficits — ApprtK 
 
 pnations limited. 
 3 19. Extra Compensation or Allowance. 
 i 20. Public Credit not loaned. 
 \ 21. Fay and mileage of members. 
 \ 22. Special Legislation prohibited. 
 \ 23. Against Release from Liability. 
 \ 24. Proceedings on Impeachment. 
 25. l-uel. Stationery, and Printing, 
 
 State not to be sued. 
 
 Lotteries and Gift Enterprises. 
 
 Terms of Office not Extended. 
 
 Protection of operative min::rs. 
 
 30. Concerning Roads — public and private. 
 
 31. Draining and Ditching. 
 
 32. Homestead and Exemption Laws. 
 
 33. Completion of the State House. 
 
 ! 26. 
 
 27. 
 28. 
 29. 
 
 \ I, The legislative power shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist 
 pf a Senate and House of Representatives, both to be elected by the people. 
 
 \ 2. An election for members of the General Assembly shall be held on the Tuesday 
 next after the fiist Monday in November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and seventy, and every two years thereafter, in each county, at such places therein as 
 may be provided by law. When vacancies occur in either house, the governor, or person 
 exercising the powers of governor, shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 
 
 ELIGIBILITY AND OATH. 
 
 \ 3, No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the age of twenly-fiva 
 yeais, or a representative who .«hall not have attained the age of twenty-one years. No 
 person shall be a senator or a representative who shall not be a citizen of the United States, 
 and who shall not have been for five years a resident of this State, and for two years next 
 preceding bis election a resident within the territory forming the district from which he is 
 elected. No judge or clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general, state's attorney, 
 recorder, sheriff, or collector of public revenue, member of either house of congress, or 
 peison holding any iHcrative office under the United States or this State, or any foreign 
 government, shall have a seat in the general assembly: Provided, that appointments in the 
 militia, and the offices of notary public and justice of the peace, shall not be considertd 
 lucrative. Nor shall any person, holding any office of honor or profit under any foreign 
 government, or under the government of the United States, (except postmasters whose 
 annual compensation does not exceed the sum of $t,<Xi,) hold any office of honor or profit 
 under the authority of this State. 
 
 \ 4. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be, convicted of bribery perjury or 
 other infamous crime, nor any person who has been or maybe a collector or holder of public 
 moneys, who shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all such moneys 
 due from him, shall be eligible to the general assembly, or to any office of profit or trust in 
 this State. 
 
 \ 6. Members of the general assembly, before they enter upon their official duties, shall 
 take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : 
 
 " I do solemnly swear for affirm) that I will support the constitution of the United States, and the consti- 
 tution of the State of Illinois, and will faithfully discharge the duties of senator (or representative) according 
 to the best of my ability ; and that I have not, knowingly or intentionally, paid or contributed anything, of 
 made any promise in the nature of a bribe, to directly or indirectly influence any vote at the election atwnich 
 I was chosen to fill vhe said office, and have not accented, nor will I accept or receive, directly or indirectly, 
 any monev ( r othi r valuable thing, from any corporation, con^pany or peVson, for any vote or influence 1 may 
 give or withhold on any bill, resolution or appropriation, or for any other official act." 
 
 This oath shall be administered by a judge of the supreme or circuit court, in the hall of 
 the house to which the member is elected, and the secretary of state shall record and file 
 the oath subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to lake the oath hertin 
 
prescribed, shall forfeit his' office, and every member who shall be convicted of havinp; 
 sworn falsely to, or of violating, his said oath, shall forfeit his office, and be disqualified 
 thereafter from holding any office of profit or trust in this State. 
 
 APPORTIONMENT— SENATORIAL. 
 
 ? 6. The general assembly shall apportion the State every ten years, beginning with the 
 year 1871, by dividing the population of the State, as ascertained by the federal census, by 
 the number 51, and the quotient shall he the ratio of representation in the senate. The 
 State shall be divided into 51 senatorial districts, each of which shall elect one senator, 
 whose term of office shall be four- years. The senators elected in the year of our Lord 
 1872, in districts bearing odd numbers, shall vacate their offices at the end of two years, 
 and those elected in districts bearing even numbers, at the end of four years ; and vacancies 
 occurring by the expiration of term, shall be filled by the election of senators for the full 
 term. Senatorial districts shall be formed of contiguous and compact territory, bounded 
 by county lines, and contain as nearly as practicable an equal number of inhabitants ; but 
 no district shall contain less than four-fifths of the senatorial ratio. Counties containing 
 not less than the ratio and three-fourths, may be divided into separate districts, and shall be 
 entitled to two senators, and to one additional senator for each number of inhabitants equal 
 to the ratio, ccAitained by such counties in excess of twice the number of said ratio. 
 
 NoTB.— By the adoption of -minority represenfation, i^ 7 and 8, of this article, cease to be a part of the 
 constitutio-i. URder J 12 of the schedule, and the vote of adoption, the following section relating to minority 
 representation is substituted for said secLions : 
 
 MINORITY REPRESENTATION. 
 
 JJ 7 and 8. The house of representatives shall consist of three times the number of the 
 members of the senate, and the term of office shall be two years. Three representatives 
 shall be elected in each senatorial district at the general election in the year of our Lord, 
 1872 and every two years thereafter. In all elections of representatives aforesaid, each 
 qualifisd voter«may cast as many votes for one candidate as there are representatives to be 
 elected, or may distribute the same, or equal parts thereof, among the candidates, as he shall 
 see fit ; and the candidates highest in votes shall be declared elected. 
 
 TIME OF MEETING AND GENERAL RULES. 
 
 g 9. The sessions of the general assembly shall commence at 12 o'clock noon, on the 
 Wednesday next after the first Monday in January, in the year next ensuing the election of 
 members thereof, and at no other time, unless as provided by this constitution. A majority 
 of the members elected to each bouse shall constitute a quorum. Each house shall deter- 
 mine the rules of its proceedings, and be the judge of the election returns and qualifica- 
 tions of its members ; shall choose its own officers ; and the senate shall choose a temporary 
 president to preside when the lieutenant-governor shall not attend as president or shall act 
 as governor. The secretary of state shall call the house of representatives to order at the 
 opening of each new assembly, and preside over it until a temporary presiding officer thereof 
 shall have been chosen and shall have taken his seat. No member shall be expelled by 
 either house, except by a vote of ■ two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, and 
 no member shall be twice expelled for the same offence. Each house may punish by 
 imprisonment any person, not a member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by 
 ilisorderly or contemptuous behaviour in its presence. But no such imprisonment shall 
 extend beyond two hours at one time, unless the person shall persist in such disorderly or 
 contemptuous behaviour. 
 
 ^ lo. The doors of each house and of committees of the whole, shall be kept open, 
 except in such cases as. in the opinion of the house, require secrecy. Neither house shall, 
 without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days, or to any other place than 
 that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Each house shall keep a journal of its pro- 
 ceedings, which shall be published. In the senate at the request of two members, and in 
 the house at the request of five members, the yeas and nays shall be taken on any question, 
 and entered upon the journal. Any two members of either house shall have liberty to dis- 
 sent from and protest, in respectful language, against any act or resolution which they think 
 injurious to the public or to any individual, and have the reasons of their dissent entered 
 upon the journals. 
 
 STYLE OF LAWS AND PASSAGE OF BILLS. 
 
 J II. The style of the laws of this State shall be : Be it enacted by the People of the State 
 of Illinois , represented in the General Assembly. 
 
 2 12. Bills may originate in either house, but may be altered, amended or rejected by the 
 other ; and on the final passage of all bills, the vote shall be by yeas and nays, upon each 
 bill separately, and shall be entered upon the journal ; and no bill shall become a law 
 without the concurrence of a majority of the members elected to each house. 
 
 313. Every bill shall be read at large on three different days, in each house; and the 
 bill and all amendments thereto shall be printed before the vote is taken on its final passage ; 
 and every bill, having passed both houses, shall be signed by the speakers thereof. No act 
 hereafter passed shall embrace more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title. 
 But if any subject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such 
 act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be so expressed ; and no law shall 
 be revived or amended by reference to its title only, but the law revived, or the section 
 amended shall be inserted at length in the new act. And no act of the general assembly 
 shall take effect until the first day of July next after its passage, unless, in case of emergency, 
 (which emergency shall be expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the general 
 assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, otherwise 
 direct. 
 
 PRIVILEGES AND DISABILITIES. 
 
 % 14. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of 
 the peace be privileged from arrest during the session of the general assembly, and in going 
 to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall 
 not be questioned in any other place. 
 
 2 15. No person elected to the general assembly shall receive any civil appointment 
 within this State from the governor, the governor and senate, or from the general assembly, 
 durin<' the term for which he shall have been elected; and all such appointments, and all 
 votes given for any such members for any such office or appointment, shall be void; nor 
 shall any member of the general assembly be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any 
 contract with the state, or any county thereof, authorized by any law passed during the term 
 for which he shall have been elected, or within one year after the expiration thereof. 
 
 PUBLIC MONEYS AND APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 i 16. The general assembly shall make no appropriation of money cut of the treasury in 
 any private law. Bills making appropriations for the pay of members and officers of the 
 general assembly, and for the salaries of the officers of the government, shall contain no 
 provisions on any other subject. _ 
 
 2 17. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except m pursuance of an appropriation 
 made by law and on the presentation of a warrant issued by the auditor thereon ; and no 
 money shall be diverted from any appropriation made ff>r any purpose, or taken from any 
 fund whatever , either >^" J"-'"'- "■• senarate resolution. The auditor shall, within 60 days 
 
 after the adjournment of each session of the general assembly, prepare and publish a full 
 statement of all money expended at such session, specifying the amount of each item, and 
 to whom and for what paid. 
 
 \ 18. Each general assembly shall provide for all the appropriations necessary for the 
 ordinary and contingent expenses of the government until the expiration of the first fiscal 
 quarter after the adjournment of the next regular session, the aggregate amount of which 
 shall not be increased without a vote of two-thirds of ihe members elected to each house, 
 nor exceed the amount of revenue authorized by law to be raised in such time; and eU 
 appropriations, general or special, requiring money to be paid out of the State Treasury, 
 from funds belonging to the State, shall end with such fiscal quarter: Provided, the Stale 
 may, to meet casual deficits or failures in revenue, contract debts, never to exceed in 
 the aggregate 16250,000 ; and moneys thus borrowed shall be applied to the purpose for 
 which they were obtaijied, or to pay the debt thus created, and to no other purpose ; and 
 no other debt, except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insuriectioD, or 
 defending the State in war, (for payment of which the faith of the State shall be pledged), 
 shall be contracted, unless the law authorizing the same shall, at a general election, have 
 been submitted to the people, and have received a majority of the votes cast for members 
 of the general assembly at such election. The general assembly shall provide for the 
 publication of said law for three months, at least, before the vote of the people shall be 
 taken upon the same ; and provision shall be made at the lime, for the payment of the 
 interest annually, as it shall accrue, by a tax levied for the purpose, or from other sources 
 of revenue; which law, providing for the payment of such interest by such tax, shall be 
 iiTepealable until such debt be paid: And provided, further, that the law levying the tax 
 shall be submitted to the people with the law authorizing the debt to be contracted. 
 
 § 19. The general assembly shall never grant or authorize extra compensation, fee or 
 allowance to any public officer, agent, servant or contractor, after service has been rendered 
 gr a contract made, nor authorize the payment of any claim, or part thereof, hereafter 
 created against the State under any agreement or contract made without express authority of 
 law ; and all such unauthorized agreements or contracts shall be null and void : Provided, 
 the general assembly may make appropriations for expenditures incurred in suppressing 
 insurrection or repelling invasion. 
 
 \ 20. The State shall never pay, assume or become responsible for the debts or liabilities 
 of, or in any manner give, loan or extend its credit to, or in aid of any public or othei 
 corporation, association or individual. 
 
 PAY OF MEMBERS. 
 
 \ 21. The members of the general assembly shall receive for their services the sum of $% 
 per day, during the first session held under this constitution, and 10 cents for each mile 
 necessarily traveled in going to and returning from the seat of government, to be computed 
 by the auditor of public accounts ; and thereafter such compensation as shall be prescribed 
 by law, and no other allowance or emolument, directly or indirectly, for any purpose 
 whatever ; except the sum of ^50 per session to each member, which shall be in full foi 
 postage, stationery, newspapers, and all other incidental expenses and perquisites; but na 
 change shall be made in the compensation of members of the general assembly durin'5[ th(, 
 term for which they may have been elected. The pay and mileage allowed to each membeic 
 of the general assembly shall be certified by the speaker of their respective houses, and 
 entered on the journals and published at the close of each session. 
 
 SPECIAL LEGISLATION PROHIBITED. 
 
 \ 22. The general assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following 
 enumerated cases, that is to say : for — - 
 
 Granting divorces ; 
 
 Changing the names of person^ or places; 
 
 Laying ouf, opening, altering, and working roads or highways ; 
 
 Vacating 'roads, town plats, streets, alleys and public grounds; 
 
 Locating or changing county seats ; 
 
 Regulal ing county and township affairs ; 
 
 Regulating the practice in courts of justfce ; 
 
 Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police magistrates, find 
 constables ; 
 
 Providing for changes of venue in civil and criminal cases ; 
 
 Incorporating cities, towns, or villages, or changing or amending the charter of any town, 
 city or village; 
 
 Providing for the election of members of the board of supervisors in townshipe, 
 incorporated towns or cities ; 
 
 Summoning and impaneling grand or petit juries; 
 
 Providing for the management of commoij, schools; 
 
 Regulating the rate of interest on money ; 
 
 The opening and conducting of any election, or designating the place of voting; 
 
 The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or others under disability; 
 
 The protection of g.ime or fish ; 
 
 Chartering or licensing ferries or toll bridges; 
 
 Remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures ; 
 
 Creating, increasing, or decreasing fees, percentage or allowances of public officers, during 
 the term for which said officers are elected or appointed ; 
 
 Changing the law of descent; 
 
 Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad 
 tracks, or amending existing charters for such purpose ; 
 
 Granting to any corporation, association or individual any special or exclusive privilege, 
 immunity or franchise whatever. 
 
 In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, no special law shall be 
 
 enacted. , . ,. , • 
 
 \ 23. The general assembly shall have no power to release or extinguish, in whole or m 
 part, the indebtedness, liability, or obligation of any corporation or individual to this StjUe 
 or to any municipal corporation therein. 
 
 IMPEACHMENT. 
 
 2 24. The house of representatives shall have the sole" power of impeachment; but a 
 majority of all the members elected must concur therein. All impeachments shall be tried 
 by the. senate ; and when sitting for that purpose, the senators shall be upon oath, or affirma- 
 tion, to do justice according to law and evidence. When the governor of the State is tried, 
 the chief justice shall preside. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of 
 two-thirds of the senators elected, But judgment, in such cases, shall not extend further 
 than removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor profit or trust 
 under the government of this State. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall, 
 pevertheless, be liable to prosecution, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 S 25. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that the fuel, stationery and printing- 
 paper furnished for the use of the State ; the copying, printing, binding and distributing the 
 laws and journals, and'all other printing ordered by the general assembly, shall be let 1 y 
 contract to the lowest responsible bidder ; but the general assembly shall fix a maximum 
 
price ; and no member thereo*', or other officer of the State, shall be interested, directly or 
 indirectly, in such contract. But all such contracts shall be subject to (he approval of the 
 governor, and if he disapproves the same there shall be a re-letting of the contract, in such 
 manner as shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 ^ 26. The State of Illinois shall never be made defendant in any court or law of equity. 
 
 § 27. The general asembly shall have no power to authorize li,tteries or gift enterprises, 
 for any purpose, and shall pass laws to prohibit the sale of lottery or gift enterprise tickets 
 in this State. 
 
 g 28. No law shall be passed which shall operate to extend the term of any public 
 officer after his election or appointment. 
 
 § 29. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass such laws as may be necessary 
 for the protection of operative miners^ by providing for ventilation, when the same may be 
 required, and the construction of escapement-shafts, or such other appliances as may secure 
 safety in all coal mines, and to provide for the enforcement of said laws by such penalties 
 apd punishments as may be deemed proper. 
 
 J 30. The general assembly may provide for establishing and opening roads and cart- 
 ways, connected with a public road, for private and public use. 
 
 J 31. The general assembly may pass laws permitting the owners and occupants of lands 
 to construct drains and ditches, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, across the lands of 
 others. 
 
 2 32. The general assembly shall pass liberal and homestead and exemption laws. 
 
 I 33. The general assembly shall not appropriate out of the State treasury, or expend on 
 account of the new capitol grounds, and construction, completion and furnishing of the 
 State house, a sum exceeding, in the aggregrate, ;?3, 500,000, inclusive of all appropriations 
 heretofore made, without first submitting the proposition for an additional expenditure to 
 the legal voters of the State, at a general election; nor unless a majority of all the votes 
 at such election shall be for the proposed additional expenditure. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 1. Officers of this Department. 
 
 2. Of thj State Treasurer. 
 
 3. Time of E ectiiig Stale Officers. 
 
 4. Returns — Tic — Coi. tested Klcction. 
 
 5. Eligibility for Office. 
 
 6. GovernCM" — Power and D.uty. 
 
 7. His Message and Statement. 
 
 8. Co ivening the General Asst-mbly. 
 
 9. Prorogui' g the General Assembly. 
 10. Nominations by the t iovernor. 
 
 . Vacancies may be filled. 
 
 . Removals by the Governor. 
 
 . Reprieves — Qommuta ions — Fardcns. 
 
 15- 
 16. 
 17- 
 
 Governor as Commander-in-Chief. 
 Impeachment for Misdemeanor. 
 Veto of the Governor. * 
 Lieutenant-Governor as Coventor. 
 As President of the Senate. 
 Vacancy in Governor's Ofnce. 
 Vacancy in o h r State Offices. 
 Reports of State Oiiicers. 
 Great Seal of State, 
 Fees and Salaries. 
 Definition of " Office." 
 Oath of Civil Officers. 
 
 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 J -1. The executive department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Sec- 
 retary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts, Treasurer, Superintendent of Ptiblic Ins' ruc- 
 tion, and Attorney-General, who shall, each, with the exception of the Treasurer, hold his 
 office for the term of four years from the second Monday of January next after his elet;tion, 
 and until his successor is elected and qualified. They shall, except the Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor, reside at the seat of government during their term of office, and keep the public 
 records, books and papers there, and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. 
 
 J 2. The Treasurer shall hold his office for the term of two yeirs, and until his suc- 
 cessor is elected and qualified; and shall be ineligible to said office for two years next after 
 the end of the term for which he was""elected. lie may be required by the Governor to 
 giije reasonable additional security, and in default of so doing his office shall" be deemed 
 vacant. 
 
 ELECTION. 
 
 J 3. An election for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of 
 Public Accounts and Attorney-General, shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first 
 Monday in November, in the year of our Lord 1872, and every four years thereafter; for 
 Superintendent of Public instruction, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of Novem- 
 ber, in the year 1870, and every four years thereafter; and for Treasurer on the day last 
 above mentioned, and every twj years thereafter, at such places and in such manner as may 
 be prescribed by law. 
 
 J 4. The returns of every election for the above named officers shall be sealed up and 
 transmitted, by the returning offijers, to the Secretary of State, directed to "The Speaker 
 of the House of Representatives," who shall, immediately after the organization of the 
 house, and before proceeding to other business, open and publish the same in the presence 
 of a majority of each house of the general asseml^ly, who shall, for that purpose, assemble 
 in the hall of the house of representatives. The person having the highest number of votes 
 for either of the said offices shall be declared duly elected; but if two or more have an 
 equal and the highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, by joint ballot, choose 
 one of such persons for said office. Contested elections for all of said offices shall be de- 
 termined by both houses of the general assembly, by joint ballot, in such manner as may 
 be prescribed by law. 
 
 ELIGIBILITY. 
 
 I 5. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor, or lieutenant-governor, who 
 shall not have attained the age of 30 year?, and been, for five years next preceding his 
 election, a chizen of the United States and of this State. Neither the governor, lieutenant- 
 governor, auditor of public accounts, secretary of State, superintendent of public instruction 
 nor attorney general shall be eligible to any other office during the period for which he 
 shall have been elected. 
 
 GOVERNOR. 
 
 5 6. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the governor, who shall take care 
 that the laws be faithfully executed. 
 
 J 7. The governor shall, at the commencement of each session, and at the close of his 
 term of office, give to the general assembly information, by message, of the condition of the 
 State and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall account 
 to the general assembly, and accompany his message with a statement of all moneys re- 
 ceived and paid out by him from any funds subject to his order, with vouchers, and, at the 
 commencement of each regular session, present estimates of the amount of money required 
 to be raised by taxation for all purposes. 
 
 g 8. The governor may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the general assembly, by 
 proclamation, stating therein the purpose for which they are convened; and the general 
 assembly shall enter upon no business except that for which they were called together. 
 
 J 9. In case of a disagreement between the two houses with respect to the time of adjourn- 
 ment, the governor may, on the same being certifiedito him, by the house first moving the 
 adjournment, adjourn the general assembly to such time as he thinks proper, not beyond the 
 first day of the next regular session. 
 
 J 10. The governor shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, 
 (a majority of all the senators selected concurring, by yeas and nays,) aDpoint all officers 
 
 whose offices are established by this constitution, or which may be created by law, and whjse 
 appointment or election is not otherwise provided for; and no such officer shall be appointed 
 or elected by the general assembly. 
 
 g II. In case of a vacancy, during the recess of the senate, in any office which is not 
 elective, the governor shall make a temporary appointment until the next meeting of the 
 senate, when he shall nominate some person to fill such office ; and any person so nominated, 
 who is confirmed by the senate (a majority of all the senators elected concurring by yeas and 
 nays), shall hold his office during the remainder of the time, and until his successor shall 
 be appointed and qualified. No person, after being rejected by the senate, shall be again 
 nominated for the same office at the same session, unless at the request of the senate, or be 
 appointed to the same office duiing the recess of the general assembly. 
 
 2 12. The governor shall have power to remove any officer whom he may appoint, in 
 case of incompetency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office; and he may declare his 
 office vacant, and fill the same as is herein provided in other cases of vacancy. 
 
 J 13. The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, after 
 conviction, for all offences, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to 
 he manner of applying therefor. 
 
 J 14. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces of the 
 State (except when they shall be called into the service of the United States) ; and may call 
 out the Same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion. 
 
 J 15. The governor, and all civil officers of this State, shall be liable to impeachment 
 for any misdemeanor in office. 
 
 VETO. 
 
 ^ i5. Every bill passed by the general assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be pre- 
 sented to the governor. If he approve, he shall sign it, and thereupon it shall become a law; 
 but if he do not approve, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it 
 shall have originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and 
 proceed to reconsider the bill. If, then, two-thirds of the members elected agree to pass 
 the same, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other bouse, by which it shall 
 likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that 
 house, it shall become a law notwithstanding the objections of the governor. But in all 
 such cases, the vote of each house shall be determined by yeas and nays, to be entered on 
 the journal. Any bill which, shall not be returned 1^ the governor within ten days (Sundays 
 excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, shall become a law in like manner as if 
 he had signed it, unless the general assembly shall, by their adjournment, prevent its return; 
 in which case it shall be filjd, with his objections, in the office of the secretary of state, 
 within ten days after such adjournment, or become a law. 
 
 LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. 
 
 § 17. In case of death, conviction on impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation, 
 absence from the State, or other disability of the governor, the powers, duties, the emolu- 
 ments of the office for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall be removed, shall 
 devolve upon the lieutenant-governor. 
 
 5 18. The lieutenant-governor shall be president of the senate, and shall Tote only when 
 ihe senate is equally divided. The senate shall ctioose a president, />-o tempore, to preside 
 in case of the absence or impeachment of the lieutenant-governor, or when he shall hold the 
 office of governor. 
 
 \ ig. If there be no lieutenant-governor, or if the lieutenant-governor shall, for any of 
 the causes specified in J 17 of this article, become incapable of performing the duties of 
 the office, the president of the senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled or the 
 disability removed ; and if the president of the senate, for any of the above named causes, 
 shall become incapable of performing the duties of governor, the same shall devolve upoa 
 the speaker of the house of representatives. 
 
 OTHER STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 \ 20. If the office of auditor of public accounts, treasurer, secretary of State, attorney 
 general, or superintendent of public instruction shall be vacated by death, resignation or 
 otherw ise, it shall be the duty of the governor to fill the same by appointment, and the 
 appointee shall hold his office until his successor shall be elected and qualified in such 
 manner as may be provided by law. An account shall be kept by the officers of the execu- 
 tive department, and of all the public institutions of the State, of all moneys received or 
 disbursed by them, severally, from all sources, and for every service performed, and a semi- 
 annual report thereof be made to the governor, under oath ; and any officer who makes a 
 false report shall be guilty of perjury, and punished accordingly. 
 
 ^21. The officers of the executive department, and of all the public institutions of the 
 Stale, shall, at least ten days preceding each regular session of the general assembly, severally 
 report to the governor, who shall transmit such reports to the general assembly, together 
 with the reports of the judges of the supreme court of the defects in the constitution and 
 laws ; and the governor may at any time require information, in writing, under oath, from 
 the officers of the executive department, and all officers and managers of state institutions, 
 upon any subject relating to the condition, management and expenses of their respective 
 offices. 
 
 THE SEAL OF STATE. 
 
 J 22. There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be called the '' Grsat seal of the Stale 
 of Illinois," which shall be kept by the secretaiy of State, and used by him, officially, as 
 directed by law. 
 
 FEES AND SALARIES. 
 
 ? 23. The officers named in this article shall receive for their services a salary, to be estab- 
 lished by law, which shall not be increased or diminished during their official terms, and 
 they ahall not, after the expiration of the terms of those in office at the adoption of this con- 
 stitution, receive to their own use any fees, costs, perquisites of office, or other compensa- 
 tion. And all fees that may hereafter be payable by law for any service performed by any 
 officer provided for in this article of the constitution, shall be paid in advance into the State 
 treasury. 
 
 DEFINITION AND OATH OF OFFICE. 
 
 \ 24. An office is a public position created by the constitution or law, continuing during 
 the pleasure of the appointing power, or for a fixed time, with a successor elected or 
 appointed. An eniployment is an agency, for a temporary purpose, which ceases when that 
 purpose is accomplished. 
 
 J 25. All civil officers, except members of the general assembly and such inferior officers 
 as may be by law exempted, shall, before they enter on the duties of their respective offices, 
 take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : 
 
 I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case maybe) that I will support the constitution of the Unted Statei, 
 and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office (rf 
 ~—^-~- according to the best of my ability. 
 
 And nn other oath, declaration or test shall be required as a qualification. 
 
ARTICLE VI. 
 
 JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Judic'al Powers of Courts. 
 Seven Supreme Judges — Four Decide. 
 Qualifications of a Supreme Judj^e. 
 Terms of the Supreme Court, 
 Three Grand Divisions — ^Seven Districts. 
 Election of Supreme Judges. 
 Salaries of the Supreme Judges. 
 Appeals and Writs of Error. 
 Appointment of Reporter. " 
 Clert* 5 of the Supreme Court. 
 Appellate Courts Authorized, 
 Jurisdiction of Circuit Courts. 
 Formation of Judicial Circuits, 
 Time of holding Circuit Courts. 
 Circuitsxontaining Four Judges. 
 Salaries of the Circuit Judges, 
 Qualification of Judges or Commissioners. 
 
 i =3- 
 i ^*- 
 
 ! 25. 
 
 I s6, 
 I 27- 
 128. 
 '29, 
 J 30, 
 
 i 3'' 
 I 32. 
 i 3i- 
 
 County Judges— County Clerks. 
 Appeals from County Courts, 
 Probate Courts Authorized, 
 Justices of the Peace and Constables. 
 State's Attorney in each County. 
 Cook County Courts of Record. 
 Chief Justice — Power of Judges. 
 Salaries of the Judges, 
 Criminal Court of Cook County. 
 Clerks of Cook County Court. 
 Justices in Chicago, 
 Uniformity in the Courts. 
 Removal of any Judge. 
 Judges to make Written Reports. 
 Terms of Office — Filling Vacancies. 
 Proce ss — Prosecutions — Population. 
 
 I I. The judicial powers, except as in this article is otherwise provided, shall be vested in 
 one supreme court, circuit courts, county courts, justices of the peace, police magistrates, 
 and in such courts as may be created by law in and for cities and incorporated towns. 
 
 SUPREME COURT. 
 
 ? 2. The supreme court shall consist of seven judges, and shall have original jurisdic- 
 tion in cases relating to the revenue, in mandamus, and habeas corpus, and appellate juris- 
 diction in all other cases. One of said judges shall be chief justice ; four shall constitute a 
 quorum, and the concurrence of four shall be necessary to every decision. 
 
 \ 3. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the supreme court unless he 
 shall, be at least 30 years of age, and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have 
 resided in the State five years next preceding his election, and be a resident of the district 
 in which he shall be elected. 
 
 \ 4. Terms of the supreme court shall continue to be held in the present grand divisions 
 at the several places now provided for holding the same ; and until otherwise provided by 
 law, one or mure terms of said court shall be held, for the northern division, in the city of 
 Chicago, each year, at such times as said court may appoint, whenever said city or the county 
 of Cook shall provide appropriate rooms therefor, and the use of a suitable library, without 
 expense to the State. The judicial divisions may be altered, increased or diminished in 
 number, and the times and places of holding said court may be changed by law. 
 
 \ 5. TThe present grand divisions shall be preserved, and be denominated Sauthern, Cen- 
 tr.-il and Northern, until otherwise provided by law. The State shall be divided into seven 
 districts for the election of judges, and until otherwise provided by law, they shall be as 
 follows : 
 
 First District. — The counties of St. Clair, Clinton, Washington, Jefferson, Wayne, 
 Edwards, Wabash, White, Hamilton, Franklin, Perry, Randolph, Monroe, Jackson, William- 
 son, Saline, Gallatin, Hardin, Pope, Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pulaski and Massac. 
 
 Second District. — The counties of Madison, Bond, Marion, Clay, Richland, Lawrence, 
 Crawford, Jasper, Effingham, Fayette, Montgomery, Macoupin, Shelby, Cumberland, Clark, 
 Greene, Jersey, Calhoun and Christian. 
 
 Third District. — The counties of Sangamon, Macon, Logan, De Witte, Piatt, Douglas, 
 Champaign, Vermilion, McLean, Livingston, Ford, Iroquois, Coles, Edgar, Moultrie, and 
 Tazewell. 
 
 Fourth District. — The counties of Fulton, McDonough, Hancock, Schuyler, Brown, 
 Adams, Pike, Mason, Menard, Morgan, Cass and Scott. 
 
 Fifth District. — The counties of Knox, Warren, Henderson, Mercer, Henry, Stark, 
 Peoria, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, J^asalle, Grundy and Woodford. 
 
 Sixth District. — The counties of Whiteside, Carroll, Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, 
 Boone, MeHenry, Kane, Kendall, De Ka!b, Lee, Ogle and Rock Island. 
 
 Seventh District. — The counties of Lake, Cook, Will, Kankakee and Du Page. 
 
 The boundaries of the districts may be changed at the session of the general assembly 
 next preceding the election for judges herein, and at no other time ; but whenever such 
 alterations shall be made, the same shall be upon the rule of equality of population,as nearly 
 as county boundaries will allow, and the districts will be composed of contiguous counties, 
 in as nearly compact form as circumstances will permit. The alteration of the districts 
 shall not affect the tenure of office of any judge. 
 
 ^ 6. At the time of voting on the adoption of this constitution, one judge of the supreme 
 court shall be elected by the electors thereof, in each of said districts numbered two, three, 
 six, and seven, who shall hold his office for the term of nine years from the first Monday of 
 June, in the year of our Lord 1870. The term of office of judges of the supreme court, 
 elected after the adoption of this constitution, shall be nine years ; and on the first Monday 
 of June of the year in which the term of any of the judges in office at the adoption of this 
 constitution, or of the judges then elected, shall expire, and every nine years thereafter, 
 there shall be an election for the successor or successors of such judges, in the respective 
 districts wherein the term of such judges shall expire. The chief justice shall continue to 
 act as such until the expiration of the term for which he was elected, after which the judges 
 shall choose one of their number chief justice. 
 
 J 7. From and after the adoption of this constitution, the judges of the supreme court 
 shall each receive a salary of ;?4,ooo per annum, payable quarterly, until otherwise provided 
 by law. And aft?r said salaries shall be fixed by law, the salaries of the judges in office 
 shall not be increased or diminished during the terms for which said judges have been 
 elected. 
 
 ^ 8. Appeals and writs of error may be taken to the supreme court, held in the grand 
 division in which the case is decided, or, by consent of the parties, to any other grand 
 division. 
 
 J 9. The supreme court shall appoint one reporter of its decisions, who shall hold his 
 office for six years, subject to removal by the court. 
 
 ^ 10. At the time of the election for representatives in the general a.ssembly, happening 
 next preceding the expiration of the terms of office of the present clerks of said cou t, one 
 clerk of said court for each division shall be elected, whose term of office shall be six years 
 from said election, but who shall not enter upon the duties of his office until the expiration 
 of the term of his predecessor, and every six years thereafter, one clerk of said court for 
 each division shall be elected. 
 
 APPELLATE COURTS. 
 
 § II. After the year of onr Lord 1874, inferior appellate courts, of uniform organization 
 and jurisdiction, may be created in districts formed for that -purpose, to which such appeals 
 and writs of error as the general assembly may provide, may be prosecuted from circuit and 
 other courts, and from which appeals and writs of error shall lie to the supreme court, in 
 all criminal cases, and cases in which a franchise, or freehold, or the validity of a statute is 
 involved, and in such other cases as may be provided by law. Such appellate courts shall 
 be held by such number of judges of the circuit courts, and at such times and places, and 
 in such manner, as may be provided by law; but no judge shall sit in review upon casej 
 decided by him; nor shall ='"''^ ii./4(i« m^oiye any additional compensation for such services. 
 
 CIRCUIT COURTS. 
 
 § 12. The circuit courts shall have ori'jinal jurisdiction of .lU causes in law and equity, 
 and such appellate jurisdiction as is or miy be provided by law, and shall hold two oi* more 
 terms each year in every county. The terms of office of judges of circuit courts shall be 
 six years. 
 
 ?'I3- The State, exclusive of the county of Cook and other countie; having a popula- 
 tion of 100,000, shjvll hi divided into judicial circuits, prior to the expiration of the terms 
 of office of the present judges of the circuit courts. Such circuits shall be formed of con- 
 tiguous counties, in as nearly compact form and as nearly equal as circumstances will permit, 
 having due regard to business, territory and population, and shall not exceed in number one 
 circuit for every 100,000 of population in the State. One judge shall be elected for each of 
 said circuits by the electors thereof. New circuits may be formed and the boundaries of 
 circuits changed by the general assembly, at its session next preceding the election for circuit 
 judges, but at no other time : Provided, that the circuits may be equalized or changed at the 
 first session of the general assembly, after the adoption of this constitution. The creation 
 alteration or change of any circuit shall not affiict the tenure of office of any judge. When- 
 ever the • business of the circuit court of any one, or of two or more contiguous counties 
 containing a population exceeding 50,000, shall occupy nine months of the year, the general 
 assembly may make of such county, or counties, a separate circuit. Whenever additional 
 circuits ere created, the foregoing limitations shall be observed. 
 
 \ 14. The general assembly shall provide for the times of holding courts in each county • 
 which shall not be changed, except by the general assembly next preceding the general 
 election for judges of said courts; but additional terms may be provided for in any county. 
 The election for judges of the circuit courts shall be -held on the first Monday of June, in the 
 year of our Lord 1873, and every six years thereafter. 
 
 \ 15. The general assembly may divide the State into judicial circuits of greater popu- 
 lation and territory, in lieu of the circuits provided for in section 13 of this article, and 
 provide for the election therein, severally, by the electors thereof, by general ticket, of not 
 exceeding four judges, who shall hold the circuit courts in the circuit for which they shall 
 be elected, in such manner as may be provided by law. 
 
 \ 16 From and after the adoption of this constitution, judges of the circuit courts shall 
 receive a salary of ^3,000 per annum, payable quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. 
 And after their salaries shall be fixed by law, they shall not be increased or diminished 
 during the terms for which said judges shall be, respectively, electea; and from aud after 
 the adoption of this constitution, no judge of the supreme or circuit court shall receive any 
 other compensation, perquisite or benefit, in any form whatsoever, nor perform any othei 
 than judicial duties to which may belong any emoluments. 
 
 I 17. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the circuit or any inferior 
 court, or to membership in the " board of county commissioners," unless he shall be at leist 
 25 years of age, and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided in this 
 State five years next preceding his election, and be a resident of the circuit, county, city, 
 cities, or incorporated town in which he shall be elected. 
 
 COUNTY COURTS. 
 
 \ 18. There shall be elected in and for each county, one county judge and one clerk of 
 the county court, whose terms of office shall be four years. But the general assembly may 
 create districts of two or more contiguous counties, in each of which shall be elected one 
 judge, who shall take the place of, and exercise the powers and jurisdiction of county judges 
 in such districts. County courts shall be courts of record, and shall have original jurisdic- 
 tion in all matters of probate; settlement of estates of deceased persons; appointment of 
 guardians and conservators, and settlements of their accounts ; in all matters relating to 
 apprentices ; and in proceedings for the collection of taxes and assessments, and such other 
 jurisdiction as may be provided for by general law. 
 
 \ ig. Appeals and writs of error shall be allowed from final determinations of county 
 courts, as may be provided by law. 
 
 PROBATE COURTS. ^ 
 
 \ 20. The general assembly may provide for the establishment of- a probate court in each 
 county having a population of over 50,000, and for the election of a judge thereof, whose 
 term of office shall be the same as that of the county judge, and who shall be elected at the 
 same time and in the same manner. Said courts, when established, shall have original 
 jurisdiction of all probate matters, the settlement of estates of deceased persons, the appoint- 
 ment of guardians and conservators, and settlement of their accounts ; in all matters relating 
 to apprentices, and in cases of the sales of real estate of deceased persons for the payment 
 of debts. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND CONSTABLES. 
 
 ^21. Justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables shall be elected in and for 
 such districts as are, or may be, provided by law, and the jurisdiction of such justices of the 
 peace and police magistrates shall be uniform. 
 
 STATE'S ATTORNEYS. 
 
 \ 22. At the election for members of the general assembly in the year of our Lord 1872. 
 and every four years thereafter, there shall be elected a State's attorney in and for each 
 county, in lieu of the State's attorneys now provided by law, whose term of office shall be 
 four years. 
 
 COURTS OF COOK COUNTY. 
 
 \ 23. The county of Cook shall be one judicial circuit. The circuit court of Cook 
 county shall consist of five judges, until their number shall be increased, as herein provided. 
 The present judge of tbe recorder's court of the city of Chicago, and the present judge of 
 the circuit court of Cook county^ shall be two of said judges, and shall remain in office for 
 the terms for which they were respectively elected, and until their successors shall be elected 
 and qualified. The superior court of Chicago shall be continued, and called the superior 
 court of Cook county. The general assembly may increase the number of said judges by 
 adding one to either of said courts for every additional 50,000 inhabitans in said county, 
 over and above a population of 400,000. The terms of office of the judges of said courts 
 hereafter elected, shall be six years. 
 
 \ 24. The judge having the shortest unexpired term shall be chief justice, of the court 
 of which he is judge. In case there are two or more whose terms expire at the same time, 
 it may be determined by lot which shall be chief justice. Any judge of either of said 
 courts shall have all the powers of a circuit judge, and may hold the court of which he is a 
 member. Each of them may hold a different branch thereof at the same time. 
 
 i 25. The judges of the superior and circuit courts, and the State's attorney, in said 
 county, shall receive the same salaries, payable 'out of the State treasury, as is or may be 
 paid from said treasury to the circuit judges and State's attorneys of the State, and such 
 further compensation, to be paid by the county of Cook, as is or may be provided bv la w ; 
 such compensation shall not be changed during their continuance in office. ^ 
 
 \ 26. The recorder's court of the city of Chicago shall be continued, and shall be called 
 the ''criminal court of Cook county." It shall have the jurisdiction of a circuit court, in 
 all cases of criminal and quasi criminal nature, arising in the county of Cook, or that may 
 
be brought before said court pursuant to law ; and all recognizances and appeals taken in 
 f-aid county, in criminal and quasi criminal cases shall be returnable and taken to said court. 
 It shall have no jurisdiction in civil cases, except in those on behalf of the people, and 
 incident to such criminal or quasi criminal matters, and to di-^pose of unfinished business. 
 The terms of said criminal court of Cook county shall be held by one or more of the judges 
 of the circuit or superior court of Cook county, as nearly as may be in alternation, as may 
 be determined by said judges, or provided by law. Said judges shall be exroffioio judges of 
 said court. 
 
 \ 2"]: The present clerk of the recorder's court of the city of Chicago, shall be the clerk 
 of the "Criminal court of Cook county, during the term for which he was elected. The 
 present cleiks of the superior court of Chicago, and the present clerk of the circuit court of 
 Cook county, shall continue in office during the terms for which they were respectively 
 elected; and thereafter there shall be but one cUrk of the superior court, to be elected by 
 the qua'ified electors of said county, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, and 
 un'.il hij successor is elected and qualified. 
 
 § 28. AU justices of the peace in the city of Chicago shall be appointed by the governor, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the senate, (but only upon the recommendation of a 
 mijority of the judges of the circuit, superior and county courts,) and for such districti as 
 are novf or shall hereafter be provided by law. They shall hold their offices for four years, 
 and until their successors have been commissioned and qualified, but they may be removed 
 by summary proceedings in the circuit or superior court, for extortion or other malfeasance. 
 Exisiing justices of the peace and police magistrates may hold their offices until the 
 expiration of their respective terms, 
 
 GENERAL PROVISIONS. 
 
 ? 29. All judicial officers shall be commissioned by the governor. All laws relating to 
 cour s shall be general, and of uniform operation ; and the organization, jurisdiction, powers, 
 proceedings and practice of all courts, of the same class or grade, so far as regulated by law, 
 and the force and effect of the process, judgments and decrees of such courts, severally 
 shall be utiiform. 
 
 § 30. The general assembly may, for cause entered on the journals, upon due notice and 
 opportunity of defense, remove from office any judge, upon concurrence of three-fourths of 
 all the members elected, of each house. All other officers in this article nientioned, shall 
 be removed from office on prosecution and final conviction, for misdemeanor in ofSje. 
 
 § 31. All judges of courts of record, inferior to the supreme court, shall, on or before 
 the first day ol June, of each year, report in writing to the judges of the supreme court, 
 such defects and omissions in the laws as their experience may suggest ; and the judges of 
 the supreme court shall, on or before the first day of January of each year, report in writing 
 to the governor such defects and omissions in the constitution and laws as they may find to 
 exist, together with appropriate forms of bills to cure such defects and omissions in the 
 laws. And the judges of the several circuit courts shall report to the next general assembly 
 the number of days they have held court in the several counties composing their respective 
 circuits, the preceding two years. 
 
 J 32. All officers provided for in this article shall hold their offices until their successors 
 shall be qualified, and they shall, respeciively, reside in the division, circuit, county or dis- 
 trict for which they may be elected or appointed. The terms of office of all such officers, 
 where not otherwise prescribed in this article, shall be four years. AU officers, where not 
 otherwise provided for in this article, shall perform such duties and receive such compensa- 
 tion as is or may be provided by law. Vacancies in such elective offices shall be filled by 
 election ; but where the unexpired term does not exceed one year, the vacancy shall be filled 
 by appointment, as follows: Of judges, by the governor; of clerks of courts, by the court 
 to which the office appertains, or by the judge or judges thereof; and of all such other 
 officers, by the board of supervisors or board of county commissioners in the county where 
 the vacancy occurs. 
 
 § 33. All jrocess shall run : In the name of the People of the State of Illinois : and all 
 prosecutions shall be cirried on : In the name and by the authority of the People of the State 
 of Illinois; and conclude: Against the peace and dignity of the same. "Population," 
 wherever used in this article, shall be determined by the next preceding census of this State, 
 or of the United States. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 SUFFRAGE. 
 
 I I. Who are Entitled to Vote. 
 
 i 2. All Voting to be by Ballot. 
 
 \ 3. Privileges of Electors. 
 
 ' Ju Absence on Public Business. 
 
 [ 5. Soldier not Deemed a Kssident. 
 I 6. Qualifications tor office. 
 I 7. Persons Convicted of Crime, 
 
 \ I. Every person having resided in this State one year, in the county 90 days, and in 
 the election district 30 days next preceding any election therein, who was an elector in this 
 State on the first day of April, in the year of our Lord 1848, or obtained a certificate of 
 naturalization before any court of record in this State prior to the first day of January, in 
 the year of our Lord 1870, or who shall be a male citizen of the United States, above the 
 age of 21 years, shall be entitled to vote at such election. 
 
 J 2. All votes shall be by ballot. 
 
 \ 3. Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privi- 
 leged from arrest during their attenSance at elections, and in going to and returning from 
 the same. And no elector shall be obliged to do military duty on the days of election, 
 except in time of war or public danger. 
 
 \ 4. No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in this State by reason of his 
 absence on business of the United States, or of this State, or in the military or naval service 
 of the United States. 
 
 \ 5. No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the United States shall be 
 deemed a resident of this State in consequence of being stationed therein. 
 
 g 6. No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in this State, civil or military, 
 who is not a citizen of the United Stales, and who shall not have resided in this State one 
 year next preceding the election or appointment. 
 
 \ 7. The general assembly shall pass laws excluding from the right of suffi-age persons 
 convicted of infamous crimes. 
 
 ARTICLE Vin. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 ' 4. School Officers not Interested. 
 5. CwUnty Supeiiniendenc of Schools. 
 
 ? I. F'-ee Schools Established. 
 
 \ 2. Gifts or Grants in aid of Scho'^Is. 
 
 \ 3. Public Schools not to be Sectarian. 
 
 \ I. The general assembly shall provide a thorough, and efficient system of free schools, 
 whereby all childr«i of this State may receive a good common school education. 
 
 \ 2, All lands, nioneys, or other properties, donated, granted or received for school, col- 
 lege, seminary or university purposes, and the proceeds thereof, shall be faithfully applied 
 to the objects for which such gifts or grants were made. 
 
 \ 3. Neither the general assembly nor any county, city, town, township, school district, 
 or other public corporation, shall ever make any appropriation or pay from any public fund 
 whatever, anything in aid of any church or sectarian purpose, or to help support or sustain 
 any school, academy, seminary, college, university, or other literary or scientific institution, 
 
 % 
 controlled by any church or sectarian denomination whatever ; nor shall ajjy grant or dona- 
 tion of land, money, or other personal property ever be made by the State or any suck 
 public corporation, to any church, or for any sectarian purpose. 
 
 \ 4. No teacher. State, county, township, or district school officer shall be interested in 
 the sale, proceeds or prifits of any bjol;, apparatus or furniture, used or to be used, in any 
 school in this State, with which such officer or teacher may be connected, under such 
 penalties as may be provided by the general assembly. 
 
 \ 5. There may be a county superintendent of schools in each county, whose qualifica- 
 tions, powers, duties, compensation and time and manner of election, and term of of office 
 shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 REVENUE. 
 
 1. Principles of Taxation Stated 
 
 2. Other and further Taxation. 
 
 3. Properly Exempt from Taxation. 
 
 4. Sale of Real l^roperty for Taxes. 
 
 5. Righc of Redemption therefrom. 
 
 6. Release from Taxation Forbidden. 
 
 ! 7. Taxes paid into State Treastlry, 
 \ 8 Limitation on County Taxes. 
 ' 9. Local Municipal Improvements. 
 
 10. Taxation of Municipal Corporations. 
 
 11. Defaulter not to be Eligib'e, 
 
 12. Limitation on Municipal Indebtedness. 
 
 \ I . The general assembly shall provide such revenue as may be needful by levying a tax, 
 by valuation, so that every person and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the value 
 of his, her or its property — such value to be ascertained by some person at persons, to be 
 elected or appointed in such manner as the general assembly shall direct, and not otherwise ; 
 but the general assembly shall have power to tax peddlers, auctioneers, brokers, hawkers, 
 merchants, commis'-ion merchants, showmen, jugglers, inn-keepers, grocery keepers, liquor 
 dealers, toll bridges, ferries, insurance, telegraph and express interests or business, venders 
 of patents, and persons or corporations owning or using franchises and privileges, in such 
 manner as it shall from time to time direct by gener.al law, uniform as to the class upon 
 which it operates. 
 
 \ 2. The specification of the objects and subjects of taxation shall not deprive the general 
 .■issembly of the power to require other subjects or objects to be taxed in such a manner as 
 may lite consistent wi'h the principles of taxation fixed in this constitution. 
 
 \ 3. The properties of the State, counties and other municipal corporations, both real 
 and personal, and such other property as may be used exclusively for agricultural and horti- 
 cultural societies, for school, religious, cemetery and charitable purposes, may be exempted 
 from taxation ; but such exemption shall be only by general law. In the assessment of real 
 estate encumbered by public easement, any depreciation occasioned by such easement may 
 be deducted in the valuation of such properly. 
 
 \ 4. The general assembly shall provide, in all cases where it may be necessary to sell 
 real estate for the non-payment of taxes or special assessments for State, county, municipal 
 or other purposes, that a return of such unpaid taxes or assessments shall be to some general 
 officer of the county having authority to receive State and county taxes ; and there shall be 
 no sale of said property for any of said taxes or assessments but by said officer, upon the 
 order or judgment of some court of record. 
 
 \ 5. The right of redemption from all sales of real estate for the non-payment of taxes 
 or special assessments of any character whatever, shall exist in favor of owners and persons 
 interested in such real estate, for a period of not less than two years from such sales thereof. 
 And the general assembly shall provide by law for reasonable notice to be given to the 
 owners or parties interested, by publication or otherwise, of the fact of the sale of the prop- 
 erty for such taxes or assessments, and when the time of redemption shall expire ; Provided, 
 that occupants shall in all cases be served with personal notice before the time of redemp- 
 tion expires. 
 
 \ 6. The general assembly shall have no power to release or discharge any county, city, 
 township, town pr district whatever, or the inh.-ibitanls thereof or the property therein, from 
 their or its proportionate share of taxes to be levied for State purposes, nor shall commuta- 
 tion for such taxes be authorized in any form whatsoever. 
 
 \ 7. All taxes levied for State purposes shall be paid into the State treasury. 
 
 I 8. County authorities shall never assess taxes the aggregate of which shall exceed 75 
 cents per ;?ioo valuation, except for the payment of indebtedness existing at the adoption 
 of this constitution, unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county, 
 
 \ 9. The general assembly may vest the corporate authorities of cities, towns, villages, 
 with power to make local improvements by special assessment or by special taxation of con- 
 tiguous property or otherwise. For all other corporate purposes, all municipal corporations 
 may be vested with authority to assess and collect taxes ; but such taxes shall be uniform in 
 respect to persons and property, with the jurisdiction of the body i/nposing the same. 
 
 ^10. The general assembly sh.ill not impose taxes upon municipal corporations, or the in- 
 habitants or property thereof, for corporate purposes, but shall require that all the taxable 
 property within the limite of municipal corporations shall be taxed for the payment of debts 
 contracted under authority of law, such taxes to be uniform in respect to persons and prop- 
 erty, within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same. Private property shall not be 
 liable to be trken or sold for the payment of the corporate debts of a municipal corporation. 
 
 § 1 1 . No person who is in default, as a collector or custodian of money or property belong- 
 in; to a municipal corporation, shall be eligible to any office in or under such corporation. 
 The fees, salary or compensation of no municipal officer who is elected or appointed for a 
 definite term of office, shall be increased or diminished during such term. 
 
 g 12. No county, city, township, school district, or other municipal corporation, shall be 
 allowed to become indebted in any manner or for any purpose, to an amount, including ex- 
 isting indebtedness, in the aggregate exceeding five per centum on the value of the taxable 
 property therein, to be ascertained by the la-t assessment for State and county taxes, previous 
 to the incurring of such indebtedness. Any county, city, school district, or other municipal 
 corporation, incurring any indebtedness as aforesaid, shall before, or at the time of doing 
 so, provide for the collection of a direct annual tax sufficient to pay the interest on such 
 debt as it flails due, and also to pay and discharge the principal thereof within twenty years 
 from the time of contracting the same. This section shall not be construed to prevent any 
 county, city, township, school district^ or other municipal corporation from issuing theii 
 bonds in compliance with any vote of the people which may have been had prior to thv 
 adopdon of this constitution in pursuance of any U>v providing therefor. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Formation of New Counties. 
 Division of any County. 
 Territ ry stricken from a County, 
 Removal of a County Seat. 
 Method of County Government. 
 Board of Co nty Commissioners. 
 County affairs in Cu.jk County. 
 
 § 8. Coun'y Officers— Terms of Office, 
 
 \ 9. Salaries and Fees in Ci.ok County, 
 
 \ 10. Sala ies hxed by County Board 
 
 \ II. Township Officers — Special Laws, 
 
 p 12. All Future Fees Uniform. 
 
 i 13. Sworn Reports of all Fees. 
 
 I I. No new county shall be formed or established by the general assembly, which will 
 reduce the county or counties, or either of them, from which it shall be taken, to less con- 
 tents than 400 square miles;' nor shall any county be formed of less contents ; nor shall any 
 line thereof pass within less than ten miles of any county seat of the county, or counties 
 proposed to be divided. 
 
§ 2. No couiiw shall be divided, or have any part stricjcen therefrom, vpithout submitting 
 the question to"a vote of the people of the county, nor unless a majority of all the legal 
 voters of the county, voting on the question, shall vote for the same. 
 
 ? 3. There shall be no territory stricken from any county, unless a majority of the voters 
 living in such territory shall petition for such division; and no territory shall be added to 
 any county without the consent of the majority of the voters of the county to which it is 
 proposed to be added. But the portion so stricken off and added to another county, or 
 formed in whole or in part into a new county, shall be holden for, and ob.iged to pay its 
 proportion of indebtedness of the county from which it has been taken. 
 
 COUNTY SEATS. 
 
 ? 4. No county seat shall be removed until the point to which it is proposed to be removed 
 shall be fixed in pursuance uf law, and three-fifths of the voters of the county, to be ascer- 
 tained in such-manner as shall be provided by general law, shall have voted in favor of its 
 removal to such point ; and no person shall vote on such question who has not resided in the 
 county six months, and in the election precinct ninety days next preceding such election. 
 The question of ttie removal of a county seat shall not be oftener submitted than once in 
 ten years, to a vote of the people. But when an attempt is made to remove the county seat 
 to a point nearer to the centre of a county, then a majority vote only shall be necessary. 
 
 COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 I 5. The gesieral assembly shall provide, by general law, for township organization, under 
 which any codhty may organize whenever a majority ol the legal voters of such county, 
 voting at any4|eneral election, shall so determine, and whenever any county shall adopt 
 township organization, so much of this constitution as provides for the management of the 
 fiscal concerns<(of the said county by the board of county commissioners, may be dispensed 
 with, and the affairs of said county miy be transacted in such raannef as the general assem- 
 bly may provide.. And in any county that shall have adopted a township organization, the 
 question of continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of the electors of such county, 
 at a general election, in the manner that now is or may be provided by law ; and if a ma- 
 jority of all the votes cast upon that question shall be against township organization, then 
 such organization shall cease in said county; and all laws in force in relation to counties not 
 having township organization, shall immedi itely take effect and be in force in such county. 
 No two townships shall have the same name, and the day of holding the annual township 
 meeting shall be uniform throughout the State. 
 
 J 6. At the first election of county judges under this constitution, there shall be elected 
 in each of the counties in this State, not under township organization, three officers, who 
 shall be styled ' ■ The board of county commissioners," who shall hold sessions for the trans- 
 action of county busiiiess as shall be provided by law. One of said commissioners shall 
 hold his office for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, to be determined by 
 lot ; and every year thereafter one such officer shall be elected in each of said counties for 
 the terra of three years. 
 
 ^ 7. The county affairs of Cook county shall be managed by a board of commissioners of 
 fifteen persons, ten of whom shall be elected from the city ot Chicago, and five from towns 
 outside of said city, in such manner as may be provided by law. 
 
 ■<' COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR COMPENSATION. 
 
 § 8. In each county there shall be elected the following county officers : County judge, 
 shi.riff, county clerk, clerk of the circuit court, (who may be ex-officio recorder of deeds, ex- 
 cept in counties having 60,000 and more inhabitants, in which counties a recorder of deeds 
 shall be electfed at the general election in the year of our Lord 1872,) treasurer, surveyor, 
 and coroner, each of whom shall enter upon the duties of his office, respectively, on the first 
 Monday of December after their election; and they shall hold their respective offices for 
 the term of four years, except the treasurer, sheriff and coroner, who shall hold their office 
 for two years, and until their successors shall be elected and qualified. 
 
 § 9. The clerks of all the courts of record, the treasurer, sheriff, coroner and recorder of 
 deeds of Cook county, shall receive as their only compensation for their services, salaries to 
 be fixed by law, which shall in no case be as much as the lawful compensation of ajudge of 
 the circuit courc of said county, and shall be paid, respectively, only out of the fees of the 
 office actually collected. All fees, perquisites and emolflments (above the amount of said 
 salaries) shall be paid into the coimty treasury. The number of the deputies and assistants 
 of such officers shall be determined by rule of the circuit court, to be entered of record, and 
 their compensation shall be determined by the county board. 
 
 I 10. The county board, except as provided in ^9 of this article, shall fix the compensa- 
 tion of all county officers, with the amount of their necessary clerk hire, stationery, fuel and 
 other expenses, and in all cases where fees are provided for, said compensation shall be ])aid 
 only out of, and shall in no instance exceed, the fees actually collected ; they shall not allow 
 either of them more per annum than ^1,500, in counties not exceeding 20,000 inhabitants ; 
 JS2,ooo in counties containing 20,000 and not exceeding 30,000 inhabitants ; $2,500 in coun- 
 tie-i containing 30,000 and not exceeding 50,000 inhabitants; $3,000 in counties containing 
 50,000 and not exceeding 70,000 inhabitants; £3,500 in counties containing 70,000 and not 
 exceeding 100,000 inhabitants ; and $4 000 in counties containing over 100,000 and not ex- 
 ceeding 250.000 inhabitants ; and not more than $i,ooo additional compensation for each ad- 
 ditional 100,000 inhabitants : Provided, that the compensation of no officer shall be increased 
 or diminished during his term of office. All fees or allowances by them received, in excess 
 of their said -compensation, shall be paid into the county treasury. 
 
 I II. The fees of township officers,*and of each class of county officers, shall be uniform 
 in the class of counties to which they respectively belong. The compensation herein pro- 
 vided for shall apply only to officers hereafter elected, but all fees established by special laws 
 shall cease at the adoption of this constitution, and such officers shall receive only such fees 
 as are provided by general law. 
 
 § 12. All laws fixing the fees of State, county and township officers, shall terminate with 
 the terms, respectively, of those who may be in office at the meeting of the first general 
 assembly after the adoption of this constitution; and the general assembly shall, by general 
 law, uniform in its operation, provide for and regulate the fees of said officers and their suc- 
 cessors, so as to reduce the same to a reasonable compensation for services actually rendered. 
 But the general assembly may, by general law, classify the counties by population into not 
 more than three classes, and regulate the fees according to class. This article shall not be 
 construed as depriving the general assembly of the power to reduce the fees of existing 
 officers. 
 
 ^ 13. Every person who is elected or -appointed to any office in this State, who shall be 
 paid in whole or in part by fees, shall be required by law to make a semi-annual report, under 
 oath to some officer to be designated by law, of all his fees and emoluments. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 
 CORPORATIONS. 
 
 rstablisheH cnlyby General Laws. 
 Existing Charters— How Forteited.' 
 3. Klectiou of Di<ectors or Manag rs. 
 ' 4. Construction of S. res. t Railroads. 
 
 5. State Bank For lidden— Gent ral Law. 
 I 6. Liability of Banlc -tockho der. 
 ' 7. S spensio 1 ot Specie Payment. 
 " Ox a General Backing Law. 
 
 3 9. Railroad Office — Books and Records. 
 
 g 10. Personal Property of hailroads. 
 
 \ II. Consolidations Forbidden. 
 
 \ 12. l<ailroa' s detmed Y ighwars — Rates F'xed.' 
 
 ^ 13. Stocks, Bon sand D vjdends. 
 
 i 14. Power over existing Companies, 
 
 ^ 15. FrugUt and P-ss,nger Tariff reg latcd. 
 
 § I. No corporation shall be created by special laws, or its charter extended, changed or 
 amended, except those for charitable, educational, penal or reformatory purpose'*, which are 
 to be and rem tin under the patronage and control of the State, but the general assembly 
 shall provide, by general law, for the organization of all corp jrations hereafter to be created. 
 
 I 2. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges, under which organi- 
 zation .shall not have taken place, or which shall not have been in operation within ten days 
 from the time this constitution takes effect, shall thereafter have no validity or effjct wh it- 
 ever. 
 
 ^ 3. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that in all elections for directors or 
 managers of incorporated companies, every stockholder shall have the right to vote, in person 
 or by proxy, for the number of shares of stock owned by him, for as many persons as there are 
 directors or managers to be elected, or to cumulate said shares, and give one candidate as 
 many votes as the number of directors multiplied by the number of his shares of stock, shall 
 equal, or to distribute them on the same principle among as many candidates as he shall 
 think fit; and such directors or managers shall not be elected in any other manner. 
 
 § 4. No laws shall be passed by the general assembly, granting the right to construct and 
 operate a street railroad within any city, town, or incorporated village, without requiring the 
 consent of the local authorities having the control of the street or highway proposed to be 
 occupied by such street railroad. 
 
 § 5. No State bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the State own or be liable for any 
 stock in any corporation or joint stock company or association for banking purposes, i.ow 
 created, or to be hereafter created. No act of the general assembly authorizing or creating 
 corporations or asssociations, with banking powers, whether of issue, deposit or discount, nor 
 amendments thereto, shall go into effect or in any manner be in force unless the same shall 
 be submitted to a vote of the people at the general election next succeeding the passage of 
 the same, and be approved by a majority of all the votes cast at such election for or against 
 such law. 
 
 J 5. Every stockholder in a banking corporation or institution shall be individually respon- 
 sible and liable to its creditors over and above the amount of stock by him or her held, to 
 an amount equal to his or her respective shares so held, for all its liabilities accruing while 
 he or she remains such a stockholder. 
 
 § 7. The suspension of specie paym^.l^'ts by banking .institutions, or their circulation, 
 created by the laws of this State, shall never be permitted or sanctioned. Every banking 
 association now, or which may hereafter be, organized under the the laws of this State, shall 
 make and publish a full and accurate quarterly statement of its affairs, (which shall be cer- 
 tified to, under oath, by one or more of its officers,) as may be provided by law. 
 
 I 8. If a general banking law shall be enacted, it shall provide for the registry and counter- 
 signing, by an officer of state, of all bills or paper credit, designed to circulate as money, 
 and require security, to the full amount thereof, to be deposited with the State treasurer, in 
 United States or Illinois State stocks, to be rated at ten per cent, below their par value; 
 and in case of a depreciation of said stocks to the amount of ten per cent, below par, the 
 bank or banks owning said stocks shall be required to make up said deficiency, by deposit- 
 ing additional stocks. And said law shall also provide for the recording of the names of 
 alt stockholders in such corporations, the amount of stock held by each, the time of any 
 transfer thereof, and to whom such transfer is made. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 I 9. Every railroad corporation organized or doing business in this State, under the laws 
 or authority thereof, shall have and maintain a public office or place in this State frr the 
 transaction of its business, where transfers of stock shall be made, and in which shall be 
 kept for public inspection, books, in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock sub- 
 scribed, and by whom ; the names of the owners of stock and amount by them respectively, 
 the amount of stock paid in and by whom, the transfers of said stock ; the amount of its assets 
 and liabilities, and the names and place of residence of its officers. The directors of every 
 railroad corporation shall, annually, make a report, under oath, to the auditor of public ac- 
 counts, or some officer to be designated by law, of all their acts and doings, which report shall 
 include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. And the general 
 assembly shall pass laws enforcing by suitable penalties the provisions of this section. 
 
 g 10. The rolling stock, and all other movable property belonging to any railroad company 
 or corporation in this State, shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to ex- 
 ecution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individuals, and the gen- 
 eral assembly shall pass no law exempting any such property^from execution and sale. 
 
 g 1 1 . No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, property or franchises with any 
 other railroad corporation owning a parallel or competing line ; and in no case shall any 
 consolidation take place except upon public notice given, of at least sixty days, to all stock- 
 holders, in such manner as may be provided by law. A majority of the directors of any 
 railroad corporation, now incorporated or hereafter to be incorporated by the laws of the 
 State, shall be citizens and residents of this State. 
 
 § 12. Railways heretofore ccnstructed, or that may hereafter be constructed in this State, 
 are hereby declared public highways, and shall be free to all persons for the transportation of 
 their persons and property thereon, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. 
 And the general assembly shall, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maxi- 
 mum rates of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on the different rail- 
 roads in this State. 
 
 g 13. No railroad corporation shall issue any stock or bonds, except for money, labor or 
 property, actually received, Dnd applied to the purposes for which such corporation was 
 created ; and all stock dividends, and other fictitious increase of the capital stock or indebt- 
 edness of any such corporation, shall be void. The capital stock of no railroad corporation 
 shall be increased for any purpose, except upon giving sixty days' public notice, in such man- 
 ner as may be provided by law. 
 
 § 14. The exercise of the power, and the right of eminent domain shall never be so con- 
 strued or abridged as to prevent the taking, by the' general assembly, of the property and 
 franchises of incorporated companies already organized, and subjecting them to the public 
 necessity the same as of individuals. The right of trial by jury shall be held inviolate in 
 all trials of claims for compensation, when, in the exercise of the said right of eminent do- 
 main, any incorporated company shall be interested either for or against the exercise of said 
 right. 
 
 I 1$. The general assembly shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimin- 
 ation and extortion in the rates of freight and passenger tariffs on different railroads in 
 this State, and enforce such laws, by adequate penalties, to the extent, if necessary for that 
 purpose, of forfeiture of their property and franchises. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 MILITIA. 
 
 3 I. Persons composing the Militia. I i 4- Privilege from Arrest. 
 
 I 2 Oigauizatii^n—Lquipment— Discipline. 2 5- Records, Banners and Relics. 
 
 I 3. Commissions of Offi-trs. I l 5- Kxempt on from militia duty. 
 
 i I. The militia of the State of Illinois shall consist of all able-bodied male persons, resi- 
 dent in the State between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, except such persons as now 
 are or hereafter may be, exempted by the laws of the United States, or of ihts State. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, 
 insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, 
 and secure the blessings of liberty lo ourselves and bur posterily, do Ordain and establish 
 this Constitution for the United States of America. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Section, i. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the 
 United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 
 
 Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every 
 second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the 
 qualifications requisite forelectors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age qf twenty-five 
 years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, 
 be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 
 
 Itepresentatives and direct taxes sbaU be apportioned among the several States which may 
 be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be deter- 
 mined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for 
 a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The 
 actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress 
 of the United btates, and within every subsequent term often years, in such manner as they 
 shall by law direct. The nuraberof Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty 
 thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration 
 shall be made, the State of New Hamphsire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts 
 eight, Rhode Island and Providi nee Plantations one, Connecticut five. New York six, New 
 Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia, ten. North Carolina 
 five, and .Georgia three. 
 
 , When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive authority 
 thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have 
 the sole power of impeachment. 
 
 Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each 
 State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years ; and each Senator shall have one 
 vote. 
 
 Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall 
 be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first 
 class shsill be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expira- 
 tioii of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one- 
 third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, 
 during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary 
 appointments until the next meetmg of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and 
 been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhab- 
 itant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 
 
 The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have 
 no vote unless they be equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the 
 absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United 
 States. 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that 
 purpose they shall he on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is 
 tried, the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the con- 
 currence of two-thirds of the members present. 
 
 Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, 
 and disqualification to hold and enjoy any ofiice of honor, trust or profit under the United 
 States : but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, 
 judgment and punishment according to law. 
 
 Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Represent- 
 atives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at 
 any time by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing 
 Senators. 
 
 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on 
 the- first Monday in-December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. 
 
 Section 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its 
 own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller 
 nilmber may adjoirn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
 absent members in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. 
 
 Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly 
 behaviour, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 
 
 Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the 
 same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays 
 of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those 
 present, be entered on the journal. - _ 
 
 Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, 
 adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses 
 shall be silting. 
 
 Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their ser- 
 vices, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasuiy of the United States. 'I'hey 
 shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
 during their attendance at the session of their respective bouses, and in going lo and return- 
 ing from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned 
 in any other- place. ' - 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed 
 to any civil office under the authority of the United States, 'which shall have been created, 
 or the emoluments whereof shall have beec increased during such time ; and no person 
 
 holding any office under the TTnited States, shall be a member of either house di^apg his 
 continuance in office. 3|( 
 
 Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Represewtalives ; 
 but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.. ^- 
 
 Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives antfth'e SenSe, shall,, 
 before it becomes a law, be presented lo the President of the United States; if.hfe approve 
 he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it with his objections to that house in '*R6ich it shall 
 have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and /proceed to 
 reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the 
 bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by wlifch it sliall 
 likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, iflihyil become a 
 law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined bj^^eas and nays, 
 and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entereiiTon the journal 
 of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President iMhin ten days - 
 (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shaJKbe a law, in 
 like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by Iheir adjoummrot prevent its 
 return, in which case it shall not be a law. »- 
 
 Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and Housfeof Rep- ^ 
 resentatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to 
 the President of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved 
 by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and 
 House of Representatives, according to ttie rules and limitations prescribed iti the case of a 
 bill. ■ 
 
 Section 8. The Congress shall have power — 
 
 To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the 
 common defense and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts and excises 
 shall be uniform throughout the United States ; 
 
 To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 
 
 To regulate commerce with foreign-nations, and among the several States, and with the 
 Indian tribes. ; . - 
 
 To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankrupt- 
 cies throughout the United States ; 
 
 To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix th&standard of 
 weights and measures ; 
 
 To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the 
 United States; 
 
 To esiablish post-offices and post-roads ; 
 
 To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited limes to authors 
 and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries • 
 
 To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;" 
 
 To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences 
 against the law of nations ; 
 
 To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures 
 on land and water ; 
 
 To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall h^ i<>r a , 
 longer term than two years ; '^^^r'^ 
 
 To provide and maintain a navy ; \ '■ ■ '^- 
 
 To make rules for the governme-.it and regulation of the land and naval forces • 
 
 To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insur- 
 rections and repel invasions ; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining themilitia, and for governing such 
 part of them as may be etnployed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, 
 respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the milita-according 
 to the discipline prescribed by Congress. . 
 
 To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles 
 square), as may by the cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congre«, become 
 the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority overall places / 
 purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, lor the 
 erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other needful buildings;— and' 
 
 To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the 
 foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the 
 United States, or in any department or officer thereof. '* ' , 
 
 Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the Slates now exist- ': 
 ing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the yearV" 
 one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importa-' 
 tion, not exceedmg ten dollars for each persons. ' 
 
 The privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in casi 
 of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. 
 
 No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 
 
 No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census, or enu-'^;.^ 
 meration herein before directed to be taken. i -'J 
 
 No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. . | 
 
 ^ No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of ofee- 
 State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from one State, be obliged; to i 1 
 enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 
 
 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropiiaiions made 
 by law; and a regular statdnent and account of the receipts and expenditujes of all publici 
 money shall be published from time to time. ' ;i 
 
 No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding anj; 
 office of profit or trust under them, shall without the consent of the Congress, accgBtb? any 
 present, emolument, ofiice, or title, of any kind whatever, -from aiiy king princ^p forei^R 
 Slate. ^i ' " 
 
 Section 10. No Slate shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; J^tWfeiR' 
 of marque or reprisal ; coin money : emit bil!s of credit ; make anything but go^HjjptT* 
 
 }' 
 
coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder,ex post facto law, or law im- 
 pairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports 
 or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and 
 the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be 
 for the use of the Trea'sury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
 revision and control of the Congress. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops 
 or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, 
 or with a foreign power,, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent 
 danger as will not admit of delay. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Section i. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the_ United States of 
 America. He shall hoM his office during the term of four years, and, together with the 
 "Vice President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : 
 
 Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number 
 of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State 
 may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an 
 office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 
 
 [*The electors shall m eet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two persons, 
 of whom one at' least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they 
 shall make a list of all persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list 
 they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
 States directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the 
 presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes 
 shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the Presi- 
 dent, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if there 
 be more than one who haVe such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the 
 House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and 
 \f no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in 
 like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken 
 by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose, 
 shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the 
 States shall be necessary ^to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the 
 person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But 
 if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them 
 by ballot the Vice President.] 
 
 The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which 
 they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 
 
 No pesron except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of 
 the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any 
 person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and 
 been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 
 
 In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation or inability 
 to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice 
 President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, 
 or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act 
 as President, and. such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a 
 President shall be elected. 
 
 The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall 
 neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, 
 and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or 
 any of them. 
 
 Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirma- 
 tion : 
 
 " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of 
 the United States, and will, to the best of ray ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Con- 
 stitution of the United States." 
 
 Section 2. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of- the 
 United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of 
 the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of 
 the Executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, 
 and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United 
 States, except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, 
 provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with 
 the advice of the Senate, shall -appoint ambassadors, ohter public ministers and consuls, 
 judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appoint- 
 ments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but 
 the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think 
 proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 
 
 The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess 
 of the Senate, by granting comniissions which shall expire at the end of their next sessions. 
 
 Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the 
 Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and 
 expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, 
 and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may 
 adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other 
 public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commis- 
 sion all the officers of the United States. 
 
 S'ECTioN 4. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall 
 be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other 
 high crimes and misdemeanors. 
 
 ARTICLE III. •■ 
 
 Section f.. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court 
 and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time o'dain and establish. 
 The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good be- 
 haviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their Services a compensation, which shall not 
 be diminished during their continuance in office. 
 
 Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising 
 under this Consritution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be 
 made, under their authority ; — to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and 
 ConSuli; — to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; — to controversies to which 
 itie United States shall be a party; — to controversies between two or more States; — between 
 a State and citizens of another State ; — between citizens of different States ; — ^between citi- 
 zens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, 
 or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects'. 
 
 In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and ccnsuls, and those in which 
 a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. 
 
 In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate juris- 
 
 i=Xhis clause within brackets has been superceded and annulled by the xzth amendment. 
 
 diction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the 
 Congress shall make. 
 
 The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impe£{chment, shall be by jury; and such trial 
 shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not 
 committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may 
 by law have directed. 
 
 Section 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against 
 them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be 
 convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or on 
 confession in open court. ' 
 
 The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of 
 treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person 
 attainted. ' ' 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Section i. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records 
 and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws pre- 
 scribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved and the effect 
 thereof. 
 
 Section 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of 
 citizens in the several States. 
 
 A person charged in any State with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from 
 justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Executive authority of the 
 State from which he fled, be dehvered up', to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of 
 the crime. 
 
 No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into 
 aiiOther, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such 
 service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or 
 labor may be due. 
 
 Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new 
 State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State : nor any State be 
 formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the 
 Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needfnl rules and regulations 
 respecting the territory or othei property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in 
 this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of 
 any particular State. 
 
 Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican 
 form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of 
 the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against do- 
 mestic violence. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose 
 amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of 
 the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, 
 shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the 
 Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof 
 as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Cotigress. Provided 
 that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
 eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first 
 article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the 
 Senate. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitu- 
 tion, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the 
 Confederation. 
 
 This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance 
 thereof, and all treaties made or which shall be made, under the authority of the United 
 States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall be bound 
 thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several 
 State Legislatures, and all Executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of 
 the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution ; but 
 no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
 the United States. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment 
 of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. 
 
 Done in Conventiou by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day 
 of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, 
 and of the Independence of the United States of America, the twelfth. In Witness 
 Whereof, We have hereunto subscribed our names. 
 
 GEO. WASHINGTON, 
 President and Deputy from Virginia, 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 John Langdon, 
 Nicholas Oilman. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 Nathaniel Gorham, 
 RuFus King. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 Wm. Saml. Johnson, 
 Roger Sherman. 
 
 New York. 
 Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 New yersey. 
 WiL. Livingston, 
 Wm. Patterson, 
 David Brearly, 
 Jona. Dayton. 
 
 Attest : 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 B. Franklin, 
 RoBT. Morris. 
 Tho. Fitzsimons, 
 James Wilson, 
 Thomas Mifflin, 
 Geo. Clymer, 
 ared Ingersoll, 
 Gouv. Morris. 
 
 Delaware, 
 Geo. Read, 
 John Dickinson, 
 Jaco. Broom, 
 Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
 Richard Bassett. ' 
 
 Virginia. 
 John Blair, 
 James Madison, Jr. 
 
 Maryland, 
 James M' Henry, 
 Danl. Carroll, 
 Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 
 
 Nortli Carolina. 
 
 Wii{. "Blount, 
 Hu^ Williamson, 
 Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 J. Rutledge, 
 Charles Pinckney, 
 Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
 PierCe Butler. 
 
 Georgia. 
 William Few, 
 Abr. Baldwin. 
 
 WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 
 
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several Slates, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution, 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free 
 exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the 
 people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 
 
 ARTICLE IL 
 
 A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the 
 people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the 
 owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against 
 unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but 
 upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place 
 to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise Infamous crime, unless on a 
 presentment or indictment by a Grand Jury, except in. cases arising in the land or naval forces, 
 or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any per 
 son be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be 
 compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty 
 or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public »se, 
 without just compensation. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, 
 by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, 
 which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the 
 nature and Cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to 
 have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of 
 counsel for his defense. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the 
 right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury thall be otherwise 
 re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common 
 law. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual 
 punishment inflicted. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 The enunifiration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or 
 disparage others retained by the people. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to 
 the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 
 The judicial power of the United Slates shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law 
 or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by chizens of another 
 State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot lor President and 
 Vice President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with them- 
 selves; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as President, and in 
 
 distinct ballots the persons voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists 
 of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of 
 the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to 
 the seat of government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The 
 President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open 
 all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest 
 number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the 
 whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the 
 persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
 President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. 
 But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from 
 each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or memberj 
 from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. 
 And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice 
 shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice 
 President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other Consti;utional disability 
 of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall 
 be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed 
 and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate 
 shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the 
 whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a 
 choice. But no person Constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible 
 to that of Vice President of the United States. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 Section l. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a puuishment for crime, 
 whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or 
 any place subject to their jurisdiction. - ' 
 
 Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce thii article by appropriate legislation. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 Section I. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the iu- 
 r>sd.c .on thereof, are ot.zens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. 
 No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of 
 otizens of the Umted States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of lif^ri^ber^ or 
 pro["c"^L^of °he ?aws!"°''" '"' "°'' ""'"^ '° '"^ P"^°" within^ts jurisdiction Ihe^ua' 
 
 Section 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several States accordinp- tri 
 their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State excludinpl 
 Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of ^wi r ^» 
 President and Vice President of the United States, Representat ves in Cor^^res, ,h! ^ .H 
 and judicial officers of a State or the members of the Lgislafure therSf fs f'n ^M ^'^^ 
 the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and chizens of fhln"^/! 
 States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellfon o, o'^rSmes thYb 
 of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the numb/r^f' '\^^^H 
 dtizens shall bear to the whole number of -iLFtizens t^en^-lt S^flgrin 3 
 
 Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or PvCpresentative in r«« 
 President and Vice President, or hold any office civil or miUtarv unde^^K^lT^"-/]^"'"'" °' 
 under any State who, having previously taken an oath ^TUllllT^^r "^ ^'^'^ 
 officer of the United States, or as a member of any S'ate LeS.t Congress, or as an 
 
 judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution oTtWTT'-.°S ''J ^" ^^^ecutive o( 
 engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same or ^iv/n i^H """=<* States, shall hav< 
 thereof. But Congress may, by a votlof two-thirds of eJb V, °^ "™'^°" '° ^^^ «="«mies 
 
 Section 4. The validity of the public debt of tb^n 'iTt: '"^'"°''^ ^""^^ disability. 1 
 including debts incurred for payment of pensions -id hn?,n,- ^""" authorized by law, 
 insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned "" But n^'n! lu ' "5,"""= »" suppressing 
 State shall assume or pay any debt or obliealion incnrr^^ ;„ I • , United States nor any 
 lion against the United States, or any loss or eniinrlt " /"^ of insurrection or rebel- 
 obligations and claims shall be held illegal and voir '^ ""^ ^'^^^' '^"^ such <leb& 
 
 Section 5. The Congress shall have the power to enfor 
 provisions of this articla. ""' 
 
 , by appropriate legislation, thft 
 
 ARTICLE XV, 
 
 Section i. The rights of citizens of the ITnit.^ c. . 
 
 bytheUnitedStatesonaccountofr;.» 1 ^'""'^^ '° ™'^ ^^^^ "°' he d^-j™ „, 
 
 abridged 
 Section 
 
 '^slati, 
 
 •t