hwi\ CORN'^LL U:aVEIlSITY ^ i ,i„ y X 'k/ Fi ne . .. o Library : -07 Hall I Ubrarv CoriwllUnlveriltyl NE2049.5.M57A4191t .Mrtchlngs and drawings by A catalogue ol ewnin8»„,„,„„|„„„;|||;ii| jmiii Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924016178018 A CATALOGUE OF ETCHINGS AND DRAWINGS BY CHARLES MERYON AND PORTRAITS OF MERYON IN THE HOWARD MANSFIELD COLLECTION THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO • MDCCCCXI The Aet Institute of Chicago Depaetment of Peints Committee, Clarence Buckingham, Kenneth S. Goodman, Wallace L. DeWolf. CcEATOE, Kenneth S. Goodman. Assistant in chaege, Mrs. Helen B. Stevens. Feom the Beqtjbst of Mes. Elizabeth Hammond Sticknet the Howard Mansfield Collection of Etchings and Drawings by Charles Merton was purchased for the permanent collection OF THE Art Institute of Chicago in 1909. MERYON Ghaxles Meryon, famous among the masters of etching, was born in Paris on the twenty-third of November, 1821, the son of Charles Lewis Meryon, an English physician, and Pierre-Naroisse Chaspoux, a dancer at the opera, who is believed to have been of Spanish origin. The father soon afterward returned to Englarid, but in 1824 formally acknowledged his son, providing also in a measure for his education. It was this Dr. Meryon who became the medi- cal attendant and secretary of Lady Hester Stanhope, on her journeyings in the Levant, and her biographer and the recorder of her travels. There seems to have been early intercourse between Meiyon and his father's English fam- ily, and intermittent correspondence between the father and son almost to the date of the latter'a death, with renewed offers of pecuniary aid on the one side and suspicion of motives on the other. Up to 1837, however, Meryon was for the most part left to the devoted care of his mother, who died insane in that year or the next, foreshadowing the mental trouble that years afterward was to afflict her son. After early school- ing at Passy, he was admitted, in 1837, to the Naval School at Brest, where he remained for two years, rising in that interval from number forty-seven to number twelve in his class. Leaving the Naval School, he was assigned to one and then another training ship with first class rank, and thus during two years saw something of countries about the Mediterranean. In 1842, he embarked as midshipman on the corvette Rhin, and on the four years' voyage of that ship visited New Zealand, New Caledonia and other islands of Oceanica. Already, while on a visit with his father's family at Marseilles, Meryon had thought of becoming an artist, and at Toulon had received some instruction from Victor Cor- douan, a landscape-painter, to whose influence Burty at- tributes the peculiar softness of drawings made by Meryon on this South Sea voyage, a characteristic especially observ- able in the drawing of " P§che aux Palmes," in the collection presently to be described. On his return to Paris in 1847, Meryon sought a six months leave of absence, which was granted and which at one time seemed likely to lead to an appointment in the Bureau of Charts and Maps. Lack of political influence appears to have saved him from the career of office drafts- man, such as Whistler years after dallied with, and while he was waiting his leave of absence expired. In this difficult situation he decided to leave the service, partly, as he after- ward explained, because he himself felt unfitted for the career of naval officer, and partly because of a cherished inclination toward art. Scarcely had Meryon's resolve to be an artist become fixed than he took a studio in the Rue Hautefeuille, and started out to become a painter, with such limited prelimi- nary instruction as could be had from a pupU of David, Philippes by name, then in the employment of the war office, who set him to the customary task of making drawings from antique casts. But Meryon, with characteristic eagerness and full of the political enthusiasm of the time, set himself to his own tasks, imagining a patriotic composition, "L'Ere de LumiSre-1848," describing it in writing, and achieving the sketch for an ambitious painting, "L'Assassinat de Marion Dufrdne, t la Baie des Isles (Nouvelle-Z^lande), en 1772." Although this sketch, reproduced in "Notes at Souvenirs sur Charles Meryon " by Aglaus Bouvenne, gained admis- sion to the Salon of 1848, the discovery was made, when Meryon essayed the painting, that he was afflicted with color- blindness, and so one avenue toward success in his new career was forever closed. Another, fortunately for the world, presently opened before him, through the opportunity, given by chance, of , seeing the etchings of Eugene Bl^ry, an etcher of trees and plants. These works so strongly impressed Meryon that he sought instruction from the etcher, who became in conse- quence known to fame chiefly as Meryon's master. Under his tuition Meryon soon learned all the technical resources of the art, including skill in the printing of the plates. The beginning of his own work, in the years 1849 and 1850, was copies of the work of others, De Loutherbourg, Salvator Rosa, Karel Du Jardin, Adrien van de Velde and Reynier Nooms, the Dutch etcher, better known as Zeeman, besides a few portraits, one of himself and one of Bl^ry, both now unknown except by description, and one of Ed- mond de Courtives, an impression of which is in the collec- tion of Mr. B. B. McGeorge. The earliest work of all, how- ever, was the "Head of Christ," or "La Sainte Face," the only known impression of which is in the present collection. The identity of this impression is established by Meryon's own statement on the mount, that it is " after a copy of a painting by Philippe de Champagne." This, together with some eight others of his early etchings, one other of which, "The Sheep and the Flies," similarly identified, is probably unique, was included in a gift by Meryon to B16ry, con- tained in a portfolio, also in this collection, carefully lettered in ink and color by Meryon's own hand. Further proof of his appreciation of his master appears from the presentation impressions of early states of "La Morgue " and " Entree du Couvent des Capucins Frangais d, Ath6nes," both in the collection. It was in 1850 that Meryon began, with the " Petit Pont," the series of Paris etchings upon which his title to immortality rests. All the plates were completed within the next four years, although not in the order in which they were published and have uniformly been catalogued. Ac- cording to M. Loys Delteil, the latest authority on Meryon, none of the series followed in 1851, a year marked only by the "Carved Doorway of an Old House at Bourges"; but 1852 witnessed the etching of the characteristic " Title " and of the "Tour de I'Horloge," then under restoration, the " St. Etienne-du-Mont," the " Tourelle de la rue de la Tix- eranderie," then on the verge of demolition, and the " Pompe Notre-Dame," soon also to disappear. In 1853, "Le Stryge," that wonderful and typical grotesque of Notre- Dame, and the " Galerie Notre-Dame" were achieved, and finally, in 1854, the "Rue des Mauvais-Gargons," the "Pont au Change," the " Morgue " and the culminating " Abside de Notre-Dame." In the same year, a number of smaller accompanying pieces and a few verses of weird poetical re- flections, were added and the extraordinary creation was complete, awaiting only appreciation. Some stimulus it had doubtless needed, and such it had in large measure received from M. Jules Niel, librarian of 10 the Department of the Interior, whose generous support and encouragement during the execution of the work are recognized in a note of presentation on an early impression, in the present collection, of the " Arms of the City of Paris." Aid from this source was supplemented in the substantial form of a subscription from the Department, apparently for a number of copies of the whole or portions of the work, since duplicate impressions of some of the finest plates, printed on the " verdatre " paper of the Eighteenth Century, for which Meryon had a particular fondness, and bearing the stamp of the " MinistSre de I'lnt^reur" are in the present collection and in some other collections. These and nearly all the early proofs of the Paris etchings owe their beauty of impression to the skill in printing of Meryon himself, or of Auguste Delatre, who appears to have taken impressions from all the plates, under the supervision of Meryon, on papers of Meryon's selection. Although the Paris series was placed on sale with the principal print-sellers of Paris, at the modest price of 25 and 30 francs for the set, and was eagerly acquired by a number of amateurs, whose names Delteil rightly records, the " art patrons " of Paris remained, for the most part, in- sensible of the new glory added to their city and to art, or were indifferent, as many print-collectors so long con- tinued to be, to the quality and rank of these great etch- ings. The official representative of the art-public, the jury of the Salon, had already, in 1853, rendered its verdict in denying to the "Galerie Notre-Dame" a place in the exhibi- tion of that year. From some of the art critics, however, and from dis- tinguished men of letters, came a due meed of appreciative praise. The approbation of one of these critics, L6on God- dard, brought a letter of thanks from Meryon, modestly decrying his own work as overpraised, specifying particu- lars in which it seemed to the exacting etcher that his etch- ings were imperfect. Such satisfaction as this and other favorable criticism could give, it is gratifying to know Meryon received and enjoyed while his mind remained clear and was undisturbed by fears and suspicions. Victor Hugo, in exile at Guernsey, wrote of the Paris etchings, in an eloquent passage : " These etchings are magnificent things. This fine imagination must not be overwhelmed in the great struggle it is waging with the Infinite, whether intent in thought upon Nature or Paris. Strengthen him by all the encouragements possible. The breath of the Universe breathes through the work of Meryon, and makes his etchings more than pictures — visions." Charles Baudelaire said of them : " By the vigor, the delicacy and the certainty of his drawings, Meryon recalls what is best in the work of the early etchers. We have rarely seen represented with more poetry the solemnity peculiar to a great capital." Philippe Burty, who was the first to catalogue Meryon's work and give it vogue, wrote thus : " The work of Charles Meryon is absolutely personal. His lofty originality, which is not within the comprehension of everyone, does not pro- ceed from any master or any school. He was not heralded by any precedent, nor will he have imitators, because he has a philosophical range, especially evident in certain pieces, such as the ' Morgue ' and the ' Stryge,' and because his imagination so deeply imbues the subject itself as to make any imitation ridiculous." 18 Meanwhile the fame of Meryon had not only crossed the Atlantic, but had reached the Pacific coast. From two French bankers, in San Francisco, Bayerque and Pioche, he received, in 1855, a commission to etch an extensive view of the new city. The basis furnished for the work was not, as Burty states, five little daguerrotype plates, but five photographs of considerable size, among the earliest experi- ments of the kind. Taken at different hours of the day, these photographs failed to give a harmonious or even clear view of the entire scene, and Meryon, in a letter to Burty, records the extreme difficulty he encountered in making the preliminary drawings for the etching, and the painful sus- pense experienced in the biting-in of so large a plate. The five photographs, preserved by De Salicis, were acquired at his sale, in 1891, for the present collection, in which were akeady the completed drawings in five sections on thin transfer paper, besides a drawing of the first section in re- verse and smaller sketches of characteristic figures added by Meryon. The etching ultimately bore also portrait medallions of the two bankers on a central tablet supported by allegorical figures of "Abundance " and " Labor." The appreciation of the discerning few could not, how- ever, make up for public neglect, nor could more direct methods of assistance stay the tendency to mental malady which had now become alarming. Invited by the Duke of Aremberg to Brussels, with a prospect of patronage, Meryon failed to recover hopefulness or serenity, but suddenly and without apparent reason returned to Paris. There, in spite of the afEectionate care of friends, he took to his bed and threatened as intruders all who came near him. It was one evening while be was in this condition, that the etcher, 13 Leopold Flameng, gaining admission to Meryon's room, made the hasty portrait sketch in charcoal, afterward repro- duced by a process, an early proof of which is among the portraits of Meryon in the present collection. This was on the 11th day of May, 1858, and the day after, Meryon was induced to go to the asylum at Charenton-St. -Maurice. He was declared to be sufEering from delirium and melancholia. Under the influence of considerate treatment and the careful routine of life at the asylum, Meryon's physical con- dition, and consequently his mental state, gradually so im- proved as to permit of his resuming work in a studio placed at his disposal within the asylum precincts, where he etched the " View of the Ruins of the Chateau of Pierrefonds " from a sketch brought to him by VioUet-le-Duc, the archi- tect, who was then restoring the ChS,teau. By the 25th of August, 1859, Meryon's mental health was so far regained that he obtained a leave of absence, returning to Paris under the oversight of his old ship-comrade and lifelong friend, M. de Saliois, formerly the captain of a frigate, and then an instructor in the Polytechnic School. Under commissions from friends, Meryon now under- took new etchings of Paris, some of them reproductions of ancient drawings, besides portraits, book plates and other minor works, receiving also from the Chalcographie du Louvre a commission which he was able to execute in the etching of " L'Ancien Louvre," after the painting by Zeeman. Meryon had for some time cherished the project of publishing an album of etchings from drawings he had made at Bourges, and a souvenir album of his voyage on the corvette Rhin. For both undertakings a number of plates had already been etched, but only for the latter series were enough finally completed to make a special publica- tion. Meryon's method of utilizing for this series the draw- ings made during the voyage was to make, on transparent paper, copies of the size of the plates, and by squares crossed on the drawing to secure an exact reproduction in etching. One of these reduced drawings, that of the "fitat de la Petite Colonie Franqaise d'Akaroa," prepared for re- production, is in the present collection, and may be com- pared with the original drawing on the larger scale, of the " P^che aux Palmes," already noticed. A small drawing of "Pro-volant des lies Mulgrave," also in the collection, appears, however, to have been reproduced in virtually the original size. In 1861, Meryon took in hand again the coppers of the Paris series, retouched some of them, and changed the drawing of others, notably in reducing the size of the houses of the Rue Dauphine in the etching of the " Pont- Neuf," for which the houses had originally been sketched by Meryon from the street level, while the bridge and em- bankment had been sketched from the river's edge. Figures in the etching of the " Morgue " were changed, balloons were added in the etching of the " Pont-au-Change"; luminous rays were made to shine through the reconstruc- tions of the "Tour de I'Horloge" and more ravens were in- troduced in flight about the "Galerie Notre-Dame." After about thirty proofs had been taken from such of the coppers as had been re-touched, the plates were destroyed. Meryon's work was now virtually at an end. His mental disease, renewing itself, grew upon him rapidly and he became possessed of pathetic hallucinations, became fear- is ful of enemies and distrustful of his friends. Nevertheless, he was not without companionship, especially the companion- ship of Burty and of Braoquemond, a contemporary etcher, whose work he admired, and who had twice etched his portrait. It was about this time that Meryon was visited by Seymour Haden, who purchased from him a number of proofs, but only to be followed through the streets of Paris by the agitated artist he had thought to befriend, who in- sisted on having back the proofs, which he said were of a a nature to compromise him, evidently apprehensive lest the English etcher should palm them ofE as his own. By the autumn of 1866, Meryon's mental condition be- came such that his friends sought medical advice, with the result that, on the 12th of October, he was again placed in the asylum. There he remained for the rest of his days, still the victim of hallucinations and fears, and there his un- quiet life came to an end on Friday, the 14th of February, 1868. He was buried in the cemetery of Charenton-St.- Maurice, accompanied to the grave by his physician, Dr. Folley, and by his faithful friends, Braoquemond, DeMtre, Burty and De Salicis, the last his old comrade, who pro- nounced over him these touching words of farewell : " The distinguished artist ends his first existence here in this cold grave. To our eyes he is no more ; but from this moment he takes his place in the history of art, for he is wanting in nothing which makes men illustrious — sufiEering as well as talent. Dominated, driven by a divinity within him, Meryon sacrificed everything to his art — the dreams of his youth, an enviable career, wealth, health, reason. Every- thing, did I say? — ^yes, everything but his integrity, the 18 honor of his soul. Above this poor storm-tossed barque, at every moment deluged and hastening to shipwreck, there sang one white bird — oonsoienoe. Let us then to-day cease to lament over him whom we knew as the unfortunate Meryon; he will be known hereafter as the famous Meryon, and his better part has already retaken its place in light, eternal and serene. What if, like every one, he bore the mark of human imperfection! Life had been for him a time of bitter trials. Atonement is already made, and in the un- known world beyond, the least of the blessings which he can attain will be that which he always craved and never found — Meryon is at rest." Upon a tablet of copper, sunk in black Brittany stone over Meryon's grave, is a memorial etched by Bracquemond, with emblems reminiscent of the great etcher's work, Meryon was not an etcher of the type of Rembrandt or Whistler ; he was rather an engraver-etcher, reproducing his own preliminary drawings instead of etching his subjects on the plate from nature. His habitual method is thus de- scribed by Sir Seymour-Haden : " First he made, not a sketch, but a number of sketches, generally on vellum two or three inches square, of parts of his picture, which he then put together and arranged into an harmonious whole, which whole he first bit in and worked into completeness by the dry-point and the burin. What is singular and a proof of his concentrativeness is, that the results had none of the artificial character usual to this kind of treatment, but that it is always broad and simple, and that the poetical motive is never lost sight of." Meryon was not always solicitous to represent build- ings precisely as they were, nor to fit them always accurately among their surroundinga, but he often endowed them with a nobility of aspect which they did not in reality possess; he shaped their surroundings into harmony with them, and in various ways heightened their impressiveness, and finally glorified his scenes with efEects of light and shadow such as no one but Meryon ever imagined. To Meryon what was left of Old Paris was a passion. It haunted him, and he, in turn, immortalized it with a de- votion and a genius which make the ancient city live in his works as it lives in the works of Hugo. Therefore, his masterpieces take their rank with the great enduring monu- ments of art. Not only these, but his minor works are vital with a personality energetic and sincere, and reflect a nature genuinely poetic and noble, somber though it became under the shadow which hung over his life. His work stands unique as a whole among the achievements of that form of art in which his talent found scope. In his triumphs he reached the highest summits; in whatever he did he gave out of himself something worthy of being preserved by time. The collection described in the catalogue that follows was begun as long ago as the autumn of 1877, by the pur- chase of the sunny impression of the "Pompe Notre-Dame," on paper with the water-mark " 1852, " the year in which that etching was made. It has been enlarged through the addition of impressions acquired one at a time, as opportu- nity has offered, until it now embraces at least one impres- sion from all but five plates by Meryon of which impressions are known to exist, none of these five plates being of great 18 importance. Changes in the artist's oonoeption of his com- positions are illustrated as a rule by impressions of different states of the plates in question. The special endeavor has been to acquire impressions of the highest quality. The collection of etchings has been supplemented by a number of drawings. Some are drawings made in the South Seas when Meryon was a midshipman on the Rhin ; others were evidently preliminary to etchings. Three catalogues of the etched work of Meryon have been compiled. The first, in French, was the labor of his friend Philippe Burty and was translated into English by Marcus B. Huish, and published in London in 1879. The second is that of Frederick Wedmore, published in London in 1879, of which a second edition was published in 1892. The third, far more thorough than either of the others and extensively illustrated, is the catalogue, in French, of Loys Delteil, published in Paris in 1907. The etchings included in the present collection are numbered, and the states are classified, according to the Delteil Catalogue, although reference is also made to the different numbers the prints bear in the Burty and Wedmore catalogues, and to the classification of states adopted by these compilers, and hitherto generally accepted. Titles which could be readily translated are expressed in English ; those which are peculiarly French remain in their original form. Delteil differs from nearly all the earlier writers on Meryon, in writing his name without an accent on the e, following Bouvenne in this regard, and justifying the omis- sion by reference to the English origin of the name and the fact that neither in his etched nor in his written signatures. with a single exception, did Meryon himself use the accent. In acceptance of these reasons as convincing, the accent has been omitted in what has now been written, H. M. New Yoke, November, 1909. 20 Etchings and Deawings bt Charles Meeyon, AND PORTBAITS OF MbETON. In the Howard Mansfield Collection. In the catalogue which follows the states [have been arranged and classified according to the catalogue of Loys Delteil. References are also given to the catalogues of Philippe Burty and Frederick Wedmore. D. refers to the catalogue ef Delteil, B. to that of Burty (translated by Huish), W. to Wedmore's "M^ryon" (second edition, 1892), ETCHINGS. 1 Head of Cheist, or La Sainte Face. D. 1. B. 1. W. 78. Unique. Note on mount: "d'apr^s une copie d'une peinture de Philippe Champagne." 2 The Cow and the Ass. D. 2, 2t6 de U Seine 53 Ancienne Habitation k Bourges . 66 Ancienne Habitation & Bouiges, drawing Ill Ancienne Poite du Palais de Jus- tice 19 Arctae du Pont Notre-Dame . . 25 Arche du Pont Notre-Dame, draw- ings 118 Arms of the City of Paris . . 21 Aubign^, Th. Agrippa d' . . .84 Bain-froid Chevrier . , . .44 Bath Houses under the Pont-au- Change 113 Besly, Jean 82 Bizuel, Louis Jacques Marie . . 83 Boat from Harlem to Amsterdam . 14 Boulay-Paty, Evariste . . . 78 Burdlgale, Ben£ de . . . .80 Catalogue of Thomas de Leu, frontispiece 96 ChSteau de Chenonceau . . .58 Chaumi^re dn Colon . . ,72 Chevet de St. Martin-sur-Benelle . 60 CoUSge^Henri IV 48 Cow and the Ass, The ... 2 Doorway of an Old Convent, Bourges 54 Dredge 110 No. Entrde du Convent des Capuclns . 61 fitat de la Petite Colonie Fran- 9alee d'Akaroa . . . . 71 Stat de la Petite Colonie Pran- taise d'Akaroa, drawing . . 107 Esp^rance 85 Ewe and Two Lambs ... 8 Fillon, Benjamin .... 85 Fluctnat nee mergitur . . .22 Frame for portrait of Gu^raud . 05 Galerle de Notre-Dame . . . 26 Galiot de Jean de Vyl de Eotter- dam IS Grande Case Indigene . . .67 Grand Chatelet k Parle . . .52 Grenlers Indigenes k Akaroa . 70 Gu^raud, Armand . . . .86 Head of Christ . HOtellerie de la Mort Le Conte, Casimlr . Lol Lunaire Loi Lunaire Loi Solalre . 1 . 87 . 77 . 91 . 92 Eaux-Fortes sur Paris, title page . 17 Entrance of the Faubourg of Soint- Marceau 10 Mallngre Cryptogams . . .66 Meryon, Portrait by Bracquemond 116 Meryon, Portrait by Bracquemond 117 Meryon, Portrait by Flameng . 118 Minist^re de la Marine . . . 45 Morgue, La 86 New Zealand Float . . . .109 Nivelle, Pierre . . . . 81 Nouvelle Cal^donle . . . .67 Oc^anie, Peche aus Palmes . Oc^anie, Peche aus Palmes, draw- ing . . Partle de la Cit4 de Paris Passagerg de Calais ^ Flessingne . Passarelle du Pont-au-Change PaTiHon of Mademoiselle Petit Pont . Petit Prince Dito Petite Pompe . Pilote de Tonga Plan dn Combat de Sinope . Pompe Notre-Dame . Pont-an-Change Pont-au-Change vers 1784 Pont-Neuf . Pont-Neuf et la Samaritaine Portfolio Cover Pr&entation du Valfere Kasime an Roi Louis XI Presq'ile de Banks . Pr5-volant des lies Mnlgraves Pr6-volant des lies Mnlgraves, drawing . .... Qu'ame pure rougisse Koclioux^s Address Card Rebus: B^ranger . . . . Rebus : La Vendetta Rebus; Momy . Receipt given to Burty " Reinier dit Zeeman," Dedication No. 68 River Seine and Angle dn Mail 32 64 62 31 84 47 33 46 105 94 108 20 87 101 100 102 IM 18 12 No. Rue des Chantres . . .42 Rue des Manvais Gargons . 27 Rue des Toiles h Bourges . . 55 Rue Pirouette aux Halles . 49 Ruins of the Chateau of Pierre- fonds 59 Saint Etienne dn Mont . . 30 Sainte Face, La . . . 1 Salle des Pas-Perdus . . .48 San Francisco 73 San Francisco, photographs and drawings 114 Sheep and Flies .... 5 Ship under Sail . . . 103 Soldier, full face .... 4 Soldier, in profile .... 3 South-Sea Fishers . . .15 Stryge, Le . . . . .23 Tgte de Chien 65 Three Pigs before a Hovel . . 6 Tombeau de MoUfere . . .40 Tonr de I'Horloge .... 28 Tonrelle, Rue de I'ficole de M^de- cine 41 Tourelle, Rue de la Tixeranderie . 29 Two Horses, The .... 7 Vers il Bugfene B16ry . . 88 Vers k Bug&ne Bl^ry 89 Vifete, Frangois . . . .79 Voyage k la Nouvelle Z^ande, title page . . . . 63 Water-mill near St. Denis 11