fyxndl Wimvmxt^ pilr»g THE GIFT OF Ki^ni^ E-ltl-iL.. / /6561 Cornell University Library arV16514 German composition : 3 1924 031 426 541 olin.anx B Cornell University Q Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031426541 GERMAN COMPOSITION WITH NOTES AND VOCABULARIES BY PAUL R. POPE, Ph.D. Assistant Professof of German in Cornell University SECOND EDITION, REVISED NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 1910 u.v. Kzi,']']\'] Copyright, 1908, BY HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY PREFACE. The text presented here is intended for students who have already been introduced to the elements of German. The writer has endeavored to make the book thoroughly Ger- man in spirit. While he has sought to present an idiomatic English text, his chief attention has been given to furnishing one which could readily be translated into idiomatic German. In the first selections of Parts I and II, parallel German and English texts are given. The student should, of course, make himself thoroughly familiar with the German before translating the English text based upon it, and should, in this translation, use the general English-German vocabulary at the end of the book as little as possible. Questions covering the lessons in Part I, but intended to be suggestive rather than exhaustive, have been prepared, and it is hoped that the teacher will find the material offered in this book especially fitted for systematic work in conver- sation. The foot-notes are intended to be complete in the first se- lections of the book. In later selections the student is ex- pected to have become less dependent upon such help and to use correctly the material presented in the vocabulary. The Grammatical Notes are not intended to be exhaustive, but merely to explain concisely the points which arise in con- iv Preface nection with the material of the text. For points not covered in these Notes, any of the standard reference grammars may be consulted. The student is advised to look over the first sections on Capitals and Punctuation before beginning the actual work of composition. Although the three parts of the book can be used inde- pendently of each other, the writer advises that even more advanced classes begin with Part I rather than with Part II or Part III. Such classes can cover more ground at a lesson and can do more work in conversation. Then Part II may be omitted and Part III taken up as a continuation of Part I. For some classes it may be advisable to omit the Letters in Part I until the narrative selections of Part II have been trans- lated. In general the aim has been to arrange the material in the order of difficulty. Certain selections, in themselves more difficult than those following upon them, will be found to offer less trouble on account of the parallel German text. In other cases, longer lessons of easier matter following upon shorter intrinsically more difficult lessons have been introduced by way of variety. The writer is directly or indirectly indebted for many sug- gestions to a number of books upon German Composition al- ready published, and gladly acknowledges this indebtedness to the vairious authors. He is especially indebted to his friends, Dr. A. W. Boesche of Harvard University, Professor Lane Cooper of Cornell University, Dr. Fritz Pauls of the Ober- realschule auf der Uhlenhorst in Hamburg, and to his wife, formerly Professor Elfrieda Hochbaum of Wells College, for Preface v their faithful reading of manuscript and proof and for the many helpful suggestions which they have given him. The writer will esteem it a great favor, if teachers who may discover any errors or omissions will communicate them to him immediately. PAUL R. POPE. Cornell University, January, 1908. CONTENTS. PART FIRST. A. (Sine Heife nadj 2leuifct;tani». A Trip to Germany. 1. ®te 8l6veife . The Departure 2. 5Rod) SRem g)oi-t To New York 3. 9ln SBurb On Board 4. S)Q§ SBetter . The Weather J. SSorum bie ©ee laljig tft Why the Sea is Salt 6. ®er l^laue SReifenbe The Clever Traveler 7. fRatfel . Riddles 8. 3fOT §cifen Hon ^Itjntout^ In Plymouth Harbor 9. ©in SSrief A Letter 10. Ste Slnlunft . The Arrival . 11. ®ie beutfc^en Etfen6at)nen The German Railways . 12. ®ie beutfc^ett ®iicn6a^nen (©Atufe) The German Railways (concluded) vii PAGE 2 3 4 S 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Contents 13- 14 The Hotel Sag Weytauront The Restaurant 1 5. Eiit ©pojiergong burd) bie Stabt A Walk through the City 1 6. I'er 33efud) . The Visit 17. S-er SBefud) (©djlufe) The Visit (concluded) 18. Ericf)§ aSrtef . Erich's Letter 19. Erich's Letter (continued) 20. Erich's Letter (concluded) 2 1 . The Day's Program 22. The Day's Program (concluded) 23. Christmas at the Wienholds'. B. Sriefe. Letters. L 9ln SSeriDonbte unb greunbe To Relatives and Friends n. 9ln ferner ®te£|enbe . To more distant Acquaintances in. eSepaftSBriefe .... Business Letters . W ?lnjeigeit .... Advertisements Contents ix PART SECOND. JTtardjcn un& Sa^en. Tales and Legends. ■li. dtergefi^tc^ten. Animal Stories. PAGE 1. ®mleitung 58 Introduction ......... 59 2. Reynard and Bruin 60 3. Reynard and Bruin (concluded) 61 4. Reynard and Isegrim .62 J. Reynard as Judge 63 6. Reynard as Judge (concluded) 64 ■B. Die groerge. The Dwarfs. 1. ©tnleitung 66 Introduction .67 2. Introduction (concluded) .68 3. The Goblins 69 4. The Dwarf Laurin and the Rose-Garden . . '71 C. J^elbenfagen. Heroic Legends. 1. Lohengrin . . .' 73 2. Hildebrand and Hadubrand 75 D. Paraphrases of Poems. I. Sie SBeiber tion SStn§)3erg 78 The Women of Winsperg . . e . . . 79 Contents PART THIRD. 2>eutfd?c5 tehcn unb bexxtldbt^ Slitcn. G-erinan Liife and Customs. A. The German Empire. Map of the German Empire .... 1. Boundaries, Rivers and Mountains 2. States and Cities 3. Germany's Place among the Nations B. Pictures of German Life. I. A German City in the Year 1300 . 2. A Modern German City C. German Student Life. The German Gymnasium The German University The Last Day at the Gymnasium . My First Room Rushing the Freshman .... 6. The First Lecture .... 7. An Excursion to Weimar GRAMMATICAL NOTES. Capitals Division into Syllables Punctuation The Articles Nouns Pronouns . Cases Verbs Word-Order Words Likely to cause Confusion German-English Vocabulary English-German Vocabulary List of Strong and Irregular Verbs 82 83 85 86 88 90 92 95 97 100 102 I OS 106 III III III 112 113 "3 114 IIS 119 127 131 154 202 (Erfter Ceil — Part First. [A.] ®tne Sietfe nad? Deutfd^Ianb. A Trip to Germany. (Eine Kctfe nadi X>cutfd^Ian6. 1. Die Zlbreife. Sag uorige Sn^r Derbrac^te metn greunb ^arf in ©eutfc^« (anb. ®ein Setjrer {)atte if)n eineS Sageg gefragt, luarum er inc£)t nod) 5Deut)c£)Ianb getje, ba er bort oiel ntef)r jDeulfc^ aU ju §au)e ^6ren fonne. Qu gteii^er 3cit tonne er au(f| fe{)r tjtel fet)en unb lernen. SUfo entfc£)Iofe er fief) bte SReife 5U mac^en. ©eine (SItern Oitttgten ben ^lan, aber fagten, ba^ etn greunb i^n begteiten miiffe. ?3alb fanb er einen ©c^ulfreunb, nammS ©ric^ ber mit ttJoUte, unb eineiS SIbenbS tm Sunt berltefeen fie i^re SSa= terftabt unb ful)ren mit ber ©ifenbaljn nacfi SReto g)orf, urn Don biefer ©tabt noc^ Hamburg gu fa^ren. SDen Ie|teu %aQ in i^rer §eimatftabt maren bie Beibeii greunbe fe^r be[cf)aftigt, ba fie biele ©efud^e mad§en mu^ten unb aucf) t)iet mit bem &epad ju tun I)atten. SH§ fie enblic^ auf ben S8at)nt)of !amen, fanben fie bort Diele 95e!annte, bie ge= !ommen roaren, urn il)nen glucEti(i)e SReife ju toiinfc^en. S)Qg freute fie, benn e§ Ivaren alte j^i^eunbe, bie mit it)nen auf berfelben (Sd)nle ®eutfd) getrieben I)atten. 1. 1. aSo tnat iiart tiortgeS 3n^r? 2. SBarum ging er nat^ ®eutfc()= lonb? 3. Surfte ^ar( oltctn rcifen? 4. SBer rooUte mit? 5. 3n mU d)em aJionot reiften fte? 6. SBie fomen fte m6) 5Kem ?)oi-I? 7. iKai^ iretdier ©tabt In ®eutf(^laiib tuoUten fte fal)reu? 8. 5Bon n)eld)er ©tobt in 9lmerita fu^ren fie na^ ©eutfc^lonb ? 9. SEBarumWarcn bie grcunbeomlefeten Sage foBefd^oftigt? 10. Sffien fanben fte auf bem S3a^ni)ofe? 11. Sffiarum njaten bie SBetonnten gefom. men? 12. SCBo fatten bie greunbe jte tennen gclernt? 2 A Trip to Germany. 1. The Departure. I spent last year in Germany. One day ^ my German ^ teacher had ^ asked * me : " Mr. Braun, why don't you go^ to Germany? You can hear^ much more German there than at home. At the same time you can see^ and learn® very much." So I decided^ to leave my native city in^order___to^take^ the trip to Germany. My father and mother approved of the plan. " But someone must accompany you," they said.^ One evening ^ in* June my friend Erich said,^ " Karl, I will [go] ® along." That pleased me greatly, for we had^" been* in the same school and had^" studied* German together. We wished to go^^ from New York to Hamburg, but first we had^to^ go^^ to New York by rail. On the last day we were^very^much^occupied ^^ with our baggage. We also had many calls to make and were very busy the whole day.^* Finally we came to^^ the station and there we found ^ many acquaintances. They had come (in order) ^® to wish ^'' us a pleasant ^^ journey. 1. 'Gen., 20. (These numbers and letters refer to sections and paragraphs in the Grammatical Notes, p. 1 1 1 ). "ab. 'Inv. order; 35 a. * Part, comes last in clause, 37. ^ Why go you not, 23. ^ Inf. comes last, 37. ' urn . . . JU mad)cn; when words are connected by the sign (^), the foot-note refers to the whole expression thus marked, or the ex- pression is to be rendered by a single word in German. 8 jjn ( := {n J)em) II a. ° Words in square brackets not to be translated; 31 b. 1° Norm, order, 35 a, Note i. "fasten, 37, Note. 12 pret. of miiffen. "Imitate Germanmodel. "were the whole day very busy,43a, 22a. '^oufwithacc. 18 Words in parenthesis to be translated; cf. Note 7. "37, Note, l^happy. 3 4 (Eine Setfe nadj Deutfdjlanb 3. Had? Hctt) a^'^f^ (£§ toav fd^ott [|3at geluorben, unb bie betben greunbe I)atten eben Qeit genug t()re gat)rtarten ju I6fert unb ba§ (Sepad auf= jugeben. @ie mu^ten einfad)e ga£)rfarten ne^men, bo bie atutffafirfarten nur breifetg Xage giilttg tnoren, lute i^nen ber Seomte fagte. Se|t roHte ber Qu% in ben S3a^nf)of, ein tan- ger, prad^ttger Quq mit grower Sofomotitie, ttieten ©(^lafftagen unb einem ©peifetragen. Sr t)iett nid;)t lange an, unb bie bei= ben greunbe mufeten fd^neH obieu fagen unb einfteigen. Sann lautete unb ^3fiff e§, unb ber 3ug fut)r ai. SDfit biefem QuQt braucEite man nicf)t umjufteigen ; a(f o gins gen bie 3(teifenben gleic^ ju 99ett, f(i)liefen balb ein unb rt)ocf)ten erft in ^tlv 2)orf auf, too fie natiirlii^ auSfteigen mu^ten. 3)er 93a^nl)of njar nur ein paar ©tra^en Don bem Sanbung§= pla^ entfernt ; alfo gingen Sari unb @ric§ in alter ®ile bal^in, benn fie toaren beibe fet)r neugierig ben gro^en Sompfer ju fe{)en, ber fie iiber bie ©ee bringen foHte. 3. Un Sorb. (Sine gro§e SKenge fiiUte ben Sanbung§^ta|, fo ba^ bie 9ieifenben fid^ faum burd) ben SBirrroarr burc^brftngen fonnten. ©nblicE) ftanben fie bor bem ©d^iff. 2Bie intponierenb >rar 2. 1. SBaS macf)ten bie greunbe auf bem SBo^n^of? 2. Sffiorum na^= men fie einfa^e gaf)r!attcn? 3. SBic lange wollten fte in ®entfc^Ianb bteiben ? 4. Sefc^reiben @te ben ^ug ! 5. SBorunt nrngten bie grennbe ((finett einjleigen ? 6. SBaS gelt^ai) bonn ? 7. Sa8 maditen bie gteunbc im ^nqt? 8. SBo h)acl)ten fte auf? 9. SBorum fu^ren fte nid)t hjciter? 10. SSo gingen fte ^in, na(i)bem fte ouSgeftiegen maren? 11. SBarum gingen fte bo^in? 12. SBie Weit mat c8 Bom Sa^n^ofbi* jum Sanbung8))la(5 ? 3. 1. SBavum fonnten bie greunbc nictit tei^t an ba8 @(^iff !ommen? 2. SScfc^reiJien ?ic bag @(^tff ! A Trip to Germany 5 2. To New York. " We must buy^ our tickets immediately," I told^ Erich, "for we still ^ have our baggage to check and to say good- bye." " Can we get return-tickets ?" I asked the agent. "Yes," he replied, "but they are good* [for] only thirty days.^" So we had^to^ take the single-trip-tickets. The train had arrived in the meantime. There were'^ six sleeping-cars and a dining-car besides the large loco- motive. It had already grown late, so we boarded^ a sleeping-car in order to go to bed immediately. The fine train did* not stop long. Soon the bell rang and the whistle blew, and our friends had just time enough to wish us a pleasant journey when^" the train puUed^out. Since-^^ we did not need to change cars ■ the^whole^ night, ^^ we went^to^sleep immediately and did not awake until 1^ [we were] in New York. Of course we had to^ leave^the^train there. We could see the wharf from the station, for it was only a few blocks i* away. There lay the great steamer which was^to^^ take^^ us across the sea. We were both curious to see it.^^ and so we went^there in great haste. 3. On Board. What^ confusion we found ^ there! We could hardly press through the crowd. But before we went^ to the ship, we inquired* in the baggage-room about ^ our trunks 2. 1 37 Note. ^ inv. order, 35 a. ' 43 b. * comes last, 45. ^ ace, 22 a. "pret. of miiffen. ^(S8 roarcn. * cin=flet()en .... In (with ace). 'stopped not long, 23. ^''TOenn or al8? 49d. "®a, 49 f; trans, order, 36 a. ^ comes immediately after we, 43 a. ^' not . . . until == erft "ace, 22b. "pret. of fotten ; trans, order, 36b. i^bringeil. "masc, 16. 3. ' Ace. of tDctd|er. ^gjeorsec. 'trans, order, 36. a. *inv. order, 35 a. ^ hJegen. 6 (Sine Seife nadi Deutfdjianb ber Stnbltcf! SBte mad^tig war baS ©(fiiff; tnie gro^ unb SS5af)renb Sric^ bo§ ©c^iff Oetradjtete, gittg ^arl 5um ®e= pddraum, urn nac^jufragen, 06 tt)re Coffer angefommen feien, unb 06 no(f) etroaS ju beforgen fei. ®a oHeS in Drbnung tear, te^rte er ju @rtc£) juriic!, unb bann gingen bie beiben an Sorb. Se|t 6efiif)ttgten fie bag ©c^iff Oon einem Snbe i\§ jum anbern, gucften untertoegS neugiertg in bie fi^finen ^ajiiten unb bie )Drac|tt)ol[Ien @aIon§ unb krtunberten bie l)oljen SDfaften unb ben mdc^tigen ©c^ornftein. @§ tear i^nen atleS I)oc|ft intereffant, benn fie mai^ten ja it)re erfte ©eereife. ®ann !am ein tanged, bumpfe^ Stuten, i)a§ Slbfc^ieb^fignal SlKeS fief auf iia^- ^romenabenbec! l)inauf, urn beffer 5U fef)en; Xaue tourben eingejogen, eine ganje ©c^ar Don fleinen ©c£)teppbampfern jogen an, fo ftar! fie fonnten, unb ba§ gro§e ©c^iff iam longfam in Seluegung. Sie 2)fufif fpielte, Stafc^en^ tiic^er ftatterten, ein lauteS §urra erfdjoK Don bent £onbung3= pla% unb ba§ ©d)iff luanbte fid) majefttitifif) bem Djean ju. 4. Has Wettcv, Sin biefem |3rocI)tigcn Sitnimorgen tuar ba§ SBetter h)un= berf(^ijn. ^eine 3SoIfe ftanb ant Karen btauen §immet, bie ©onne f(i)ien fo toarm unb freunbfid), ba^ man fii^ nic£)t ben= fen fonnte, t§ !6nne je mieber ©turm geben. SSon Often I)er toe^te ein fanfter 5Binb, ber gerabe ftarf genug tear, urn bie 3. 2Ba8 erfu^r ^arl tin (Sepadvaiim ? 4. So gingen bie gveunbe jcljt l)in? 5. 2Sa« fa^en fie auf bem @cl)iff? 6. fatten, fie je 3u«or eine ©eereife gemadfit? 7. SBoS Ijbtteu fie nun? 8. SBavum gingen fte anf ba« *Promenobenbecf ? 9. 93efrf)reiBen @ie bie S[bfal)rt ! 4. 1. 93efcf)i:eiben @ie ba8 SBetter on biefem Snniaiorgen 1 2. SBie flar! wov ber ffiinb? 3. SEBo lam er ^er? A Trip to Germany 7 and found that everything was^ in order. The trunks had come and nothing more was to be__^attended^to.® Then we went to the ship. We had never seen such a large and mighty [one].'^ The sight impressed us greatly. Now we went on board, peeped into our fine cabin and the splendid saloons, then went on deck^ and walked from one end to the other in order to look at the masts and the smoke-stack. Of course we found every- thing very interesting, for this was our first ocean trip. After^ we had admired the ship sufficiently we heard* the signal^for^departure, a long, dull whistle. Every- body wished to see how the ropes were^" hauled in and how sturdily the crowd of little tugs pulled away. One could see that best^^ from the promenade-deck. Then we heard the music and saw the handkerchiefs waving.^^ Slowly and majestically the great ship came* into motion and turned^toward^^ the ocean. Then a last mighty hur- rah resounded* from the wharf and our fatherland lay behind us. 4. The Weather. As we were_looking^at ^ the clear blue sky out of which^ the sun shone so warmly and cheerfully, the second officer came to us. " Very fine weather to-day, isn't^it^.?" he said. " Yes," I replied, " it is a splendid morning ; I can't imagine* that there ever was^ [a] storm. There® isn't 8 act. inf., 2g. ''a so large and mighty (adj. inflected strong), 'auf ®eil. " 49 h ; trans, order, 36 a. 1° trans, order, 36 and 38. " om BeftCH. ^''inf., 32 e. 18 j-eflexive. 4. ^looked at, 23; trans, order, 36 a. ''out of which ... shone. Bolt bent ... ^ernieber.fc^eincn, trans, order, 36 b. ^nic^t tuol^r? *id) tantt inir Itid^t benten. ^ use „eS gtfit" in perf. tense. ^ Follow German model 8 (Sine Heife nadj Deutfc^Ianb Suft fii^I unb angenef)m ju madden. ®te ^affogtere fa^en aHe rec£)t t)etter au§ unb freuten ftc^ iiber ben @onnenf(J)etn. S)er ^ctpitan jebod^ unb fetne Offtjiere auf ber Kommanbo= firiicEe fc^tenen nidit fo jufrieben ju fein. ©ie luarfen ab unb ju Slide auf ba§ ^Barometer unb auf ben |)tmmel, an bem ficE) nun auc^ Itetne SBfilfc^en setgten. Syjur ber jrtette Dffi= jier blieb borlaufig unter ben 5paffogieren mtb f^jrad) eine 3eit long mit ben Beiben greunben, besor er fid^ aud^ ouf bte SSrudEe begab. SngiDifdien tvm e§ tmmer buuKer gehjorben; batb f)atte ftc^ ber ^immel ganj bebedt, unb urn etn§ fing t§ fd^on an 5U regnen. Se^t t)eutte ber SKinb burdE) bag ^^afeltnerf, bte @ee tear au^ nic£)t me'^r fo glatt, fonbern ging jiemltd) f)o(^, unb boS ©d^iff fdE)oufeIte fi^on ein hienig. ©inige iSamen rtaren gang bla^ getDorben, bieUetd^t bor 5lngft. @g tear ntd^t me'^r angenel)m auf Sed, unb aide ^affagiere ftiic^teten ftdE) t)or bem ©turm in bte SSajiiten. S)a mad)ten fie eg ftd^ bequem unb erja^tten einanber allerki ®efd)i(^ten. 5. JPavum ^ie See fat|t$ tft, Site bte beiben ^^reunbe in ben gro^en ©alon eintraten, toax ber @dE)iff§ar5t int Segriff, einigen ^affagieren ju erja^Ien, toarum bie See faljig ift. „@§ ift eine uralte @)ef^idE)te,'' fagte er, „unb finbet fid§ in einer alten f!anbinat)ifd^en @oge; bie lautet folgenberma^en : 4. SBie fallen bte ^affagiere au8? 5. SBie bie Dffijicre? 6. SSBarunt irarfen biefe SStide auf bo8 SSorometer? 7. SBie murbe bas SQJetter iefjt? 8. Sle bie ®ee ? 9. aSSarunt rourben bie ®amen blag, ? 10. SBo gingen bie <]5offagietc jejjt ^in? 11. SSaS taten fie in ben ^ajilten? 6. 1. SBen fanben Sort imb @ri(i^ im grogcn @aIon? 2. SDSett^e ®e< j(^id)te erjo^lte bet ©c^iffgarjt? 3. SBor bie8 eine nene ®t\on plumoutl?. ®tne SSod)e fpater lag ber S)ampfet im §ofen Don 5(511;= moutt) uor Slnfer. ®r luar fel)r fritl) ange£ommen, Dor @on= nenaufgang fogor. Siefen 3)?orgen ftanb Sari auc^ frut) auf unb ging auf S)ed, urn etma§ frifd)e Suft ju otmen. 9Bie erftaunt loar er in ber 9?atje be§ @d)tffe§ Sanb ju fe^en, I)ier I)oI)e ^i'tget unb in ber gerne cine ©tabt. ®r lief fd^nell ^in= unter, um ©rid) ju teeden. „3[8ad) auf, bu gautpetj!" rief er, „gan5 ®nglanb liegt vox ung. 3Kad)e nur f(^neU!" ®ric| jog fic^ fd)nell an, unb beibe liefen bie Xreppc l)inauf, um toieber einmal Sanb ju fel)en. Sinfe ragte ba§ fteile Ufer l)od) au§ bem SBaffer empor. aSie fi-eute man fit^, ba§ griine ®ra§, ba§ oiele (Sebiifcl^ unb bie fleinen SBdIber ju erbtiden. 2tu^ toaren tSebaube ju fe£)en, unter anberen and) einige gortS. $Kec^t§ bom ©ampfer freujten auf offener ©ee etn paar englifdje Sh:ieg§fc£)iffe. ©ie 4. SESatum jagte er noi^^er, „SBicv"? 5. SBarum fagt mon nii^t: „5 unb 7 ntai^t 13" ? 6. aSie Bid moif)t 12 ^jtus 13? 28 minus 14? 6 mot 5? 48 (bitiibiert) burd^ 12? 7. So^Ien @ie Bon 1 Bi8 25! 8. ©qa^len ®ic cin 3{atiell 8. 1. SGBo ift ber ®anH)fer je(jt? 2. Sie tonge war man auf offener @ee ? 3. SSBonn ift Sort oufgeftanbcn ? 4. SBag at) er, ot8 er auf ®c(f lam? 5. SBaS fagte er,al8er grid) toedte? 6. SIBaS i^ ein gauttjelj ? 7. SBa8 fo^ man am Sanbc ? 8. SGBoS ouf offener @ee ? A Trip to Germany 15 "Twelve," but I bethought myself and answered quickly and correctly, "Four." The gentleman said that I had guessed^ it, and now turned to Erich to put a grammatical question to him. He asked Erich if it were^ more correct to say in German that 7 and 6 is"^ 12 or that 7 and 6 are"^ 12. Erich, who was already acquainted with this joke, answered that he would rather say® that 7 and 6 are 7J. "Very good," said the gentleman, laughing '^ heartily. "I am glad that neither^ of you was caught." 8. In Plymouth Harbor. One morning I rose very early, even before sunrise, (in order) to breathe some fresh air. As I came on deck, I was much astonished to see land quite near the ship. I could hardly believe that we were in Plymouth already, although it was a whole week after that stormy afternoon. "Erich must come up too," I thought, so I ran down to wake him. " Wake vcg} you lazy-bones!" I cried; "don't you know that all England lies before us.?" So he had to dress ^ and then we ran quickly up-stairs. How beautiful the land looked!^ On the left, high, steep hills rose up from the water. In the distance lay a city. We could see green grass and bushes on the shore. Here and there a little forest was to be seen.* On the hills we could see some peculiar buildings that looked like forts. On [the] open sea to the right we saw several English battleships cruising.^ One could distin- ^subj. pluperf., 30a, Note I. ^pres. cond., 30b I and Note i. '323. 8 fetticr. 8. 1 inf. or past, part., 28. ^reflexive. '350 or 36 c. * 29. ^inf., 32 6. 16 (£tne Hetfc nad) Dcutfdjlanb faf)en red)t gefaf)rliii) au§ mtt t{)ren grofeen ^anonen, toeld^e man burd} ba§ gernrol)r gut fel)en fonnte. Se|t !am ber fteine Sampfer bon ber @tabt, um bie ^affa= giere ju £)okn, wd^t l;ier anS Sanb tooHten. SJfan fonnte auc^ SBrtefe mitfc£)icfen ; atfo naf)m ^arl bie ©elegentieit tDat)r, 9?acI)ricJ)t an fetnen SSater ju fenben, f)oIte ^a)3ier unb 93lei= ftift au§ fetnem §anbfoffer unb fcf)rieb feinen erften S3rief. 9. (Eitt Strief. 5pit)moutt), b. 80. Sum 1905.* Sieber SSaterIf S)u roir[t Sic^t h)ol)I freuen, enblitf) einmal Don mir ju ^oren unb ju erfat)ren, ba^ e§ unS gut gel)t unb ba§ tt)tr fdjon tm ^afen Don ^tinioutf) angefommen finb. 3Bir f)aben eine fef)r angenet)me Uberfaljrt ge^abt. ^nt bie beiben erften Slage ttoren fturmifd), fo ba^ toir nic^t auf Sed bleiben fonnten. (£§ tear aber ein t)errli(f)er Slnblid bom genfter, tote bie grofeen SBeHen iiber ba§ ©c^iff 6rad)en. SBir f)a6en aUe Dffigiere !ennen geternt unb autf) oHertet anbere $8efanntj'd)aften gemac^t. ?lm beften gefoHt un§ ber gnjeite Dffijier. (Sr ift fein fd)oner 3JJann, aber feftr nett unb UebenSWiirbig. ®tei(f| am erften ^loge fut)rte' er ung burrf) ba§ ganje @c£)iff unb jeigte unb erflarte ung alleS. S)er ^apitctn ift ein grower, fraftiger Wlann, ber immer ernft au§= 9. sBefcfjreiben ®te ein fciegSfi^iff! 10. SBaS fam Bon bet ©tabt? 11. SBoju lam ber Heine ®ampfer? 12. aBa« mad^tc ^arf nun ? 13. SBomit t(i)reibt man ? 9. 1. aSonn fam bo8 ®d)iff Int §afen bon 5pii)moutt) an? 2. ®ing eS ben grennben noi^ gut? 3. fatten fte eine gute Uberfa^vt ge^abt? 4. SBaS fatten fte Bom gcnftcr gefe^en ? 5. SBen flatten fte tcnnen geternt? 6. SBefc^reiben @ie ben Sa)3itonI 7. ben jmeiten Offtjicr! 8. SBo^er ttjiffen @ie, bag biefer nett mar? * 22 a, Note. 1 10 b. 1 2 b. A Trip to Germany 17 guish their cannon very well through the telescope; and they looked quite dangerous too. As he saw the little steamer coming^ from the city to get the passengers who wished to land here, Erich said to me, "Will you not take the opportunity to send a letter to your parents? I will get you paper and pencil from'' my valise." I was glad to^be^able^to^send^ news, and now^^wrote^ my first letter. 9. A Letter. Plymouth, June 30, 1905.^ [My] dear Parents : — ^ We have just arrived in Plymouth Harbor. T know you^ will be glad to get a letter at last, and to learn that [all] (it) is going well [with] us.* We had^ two stormy days, but otherwise the trip^across was very pleasant. During the storm we could not remain on deck, yet the great waves looked magnificent as they broke over the ship. Of course we could see them only from the window. We have made all kinds of acquaintances on board. On the very first day, we became^ acquainted with the captain. He is a typical German, tall and strong, with fair hair and blue eyes, and with an earnest yet friendly face. The second officer pleases us better, for even^if^he^ is not so handsome, he is nicer and kinder. He has taken us through the whole ship and shown and explained everything [to]''' us. We hope to find letters from home at Hamburg. As ' inf., 32 e. " au8. ' fettben ju tonnen. * wrote now, 43 b. 9. 1 22 a, Note. 2 lob. '2 b. * dat. alone, ^use perf. tense, 27. • Joenn er anH). '21c. 18 (Etne Hetfe nadj Veutidflanb [iel}t, warn er and) ein freunblic^eS ©eftc^t f)at. ®r tft ein tt)^jt)"c^er 5Deutfc£)er mit blonbem §aar unb blauen Stugen. Ubermorgen [inb mir in .^amburg. SDort ^offe ic^ Sriefe uon ®ir 311 finben. S)u Ijaft fie „pofttagernb" abreffiert, ntcf)t raal;r? Se|t mufe icf) f(f)Iiefeen, ba bie 5poft gleic^ an§ Sonb gel)t. Tlit taujenb ©ru^en unb Jtuffen an Suet) aUe 5Dein ®ic^ liebenber' ©o^n tail. 10. Die Unfunft. gaft ben ganjen Stag t)atte man Sanb in (Sic^t. 3""fl'^ft tear e^ nod) bie engtifd^e, fpdter bie fransijftfdje ^u[te ; benn iaS Sc^iff mu^te St)erbourg anlaufen, bamit bie ^paffagicre tanben fonnten, tDeId)e naii) ^m\§ hJoUten. SDann ging e§ mitten burd) ben Sanal nod) $Rorbo[ten. 2lm nac^ften 2Wor= gen tear man in ber SRorbfee, mit ben niebrigen beutfd^en Snfeln jut SRec^ten. 2tuc^ fonnte man toeit in ber gerne jur Sin!en bag fleine Silanb §eIgoIanb erbliden. Sann !amen gifd^er= boote, balb einjeln, balb in fleinen ®rup)3en. ^ciufig seigten fid) ie|t and) Seud)tfd)iffe, unb na(^mittag§ gegen f)aI6 bier ]Xf)t tarn man in 6ujt)at)en an. §ier gab e§ toieber gro^en SBirrmarr. ^jSaffagiere fjadten i^re ©ac^en ein, liefen f)in unb £)er unb fteHten taufeub gragen iiber alleS moglic^e. Dffijiere goben loute 93efe^te unb 9Ka= trofen eilten biefetben au^gufufiren. 3)te 9Jfufif fpiette unb bie Seute auf bem Sanbung§pla| riefen un§ ju unb fc^teenften i£)re 2;afd)entud)er. 9. SSaS f|offt ^art in Hamburg ju finben? 10. aBarum \i)xieb et UU nen Icingercn SBrief? 11. 2Baiuni l)atte et nic^t fvii^er flefif)neben? 12. SBa8 bcbeutet „;)o|itagernb" ? 10. 1. SBo^in fut)r ber ®ampfer Bon ipiljmout^ ? 2. S[Bot)in Don S^et= bourg? 3. 2Bo maren fiarl unb Eritfi am nad)ften SJtorgen? i. iffiaS fonnte man je^t fe^en? 5. 2Bann unb h)0 lanbetcn fie? 6. SBarum gob e8 ^ier fotc^en aSJiri'Marr? 1. SSefc^reiben ©ie bie Sanbung 1 A Trip to Germany 19 we do not know exactly where we shall be, you must address everything Paste Restante. Just think, day_ after^to-morrow we shall be* in Germany. Now the mail is going ashore, so I must close. With love to all of you,^ Your loving son, Karl. 10. The Arrival. On this day we saw two new countries, England and France, for some passengers wished [to go] to i Paris and had to be landed at Cherbourg. So we went from one coast to the other and had land in sight almost the whole day. After we had left Cherbourg, we sailed ^ straight through the Channel to^ [the] northeast. The next day was very interesting. We were in the North Sea and could see the low German islands on the right, and far in the distance the little island [of] Helgoland besides.* Now^ we saw lightships, now^ fishing-boats, alone or in small groups. At_half_past_three_o'clock^ in the after- noon we caught^sight^of Cuxhaven. Now the passengers began to pack their things, to run hither and thither, and to ask all^sorts^of questions. This caused, of course, great confusion. Sailors has- tened through the crovvd to carry out the commands of the officers. On board the band played, on the shore the people shouted to us and waved their handkerchiefs. As^soon^as the ship lay at the quay, the bridge was brought up and we went ashore and into the custom- * pres., 25 a. ' imitate the close of the German letter. 10. ino(i^. 2fal|ren. 'nad). ^boju. 'Balb balb. « um l^alb bier. 20 (£ine Hetfe nad) Deutfdjianb ®nbltc| log ber ®ampfer on bem ^at, bie ©riide Irurbe angelegt itnb bte ^affagiere ftiegen on§ Sanb unb gtngen in bag gro^e 3oIlgc(iaube. Sort mu^ten bie fieiben greunbe toie atlc anberen it)t ®epacf aufmac£)en. 2)a fie aber nic^tS 3"^° pftict)ttge§ t)otten, iraren fie 6alb bamit fertig unb tonnten gleid) burd) bie SSarteljoHe' ju bem 3uge get)en, ber f(f)on auf fie roartete, urn fie nad) .^amburg §u bringen. 11. Die beutfdjcn (Eifcnbaljuen. Stac^ einer jroeiftunbigen i^a^xt fu'^r ber 3u9 "^si^ ^'^ ®'^6 unb I)ielt bdb in bent §onnoBerf(i)en S8at)nl)of* an. Sie greunbe fatten einen (Smpfet)hing!o6rief an eine Seipjiger ^a^ milie nnb tooHtcn gleicf) toeiter reifen. 2llfo nolimen fie eine ®rofd)fe unb futjrcn nad) bem Sloftertor=58at)n^of, benn bie meiften Seipjiger Qua,c fatjren bort ab.t ®ort mufeten fie ein paat Stunben toarten unb ()atten alfo Qdt genug, fid) S3aI)nf)of unb Qiio^t genau anjufefjen. Quti\t fauften fie fid) ein IfurS* bud), um ben beften 3u9 augjufudjen. >^ierin fanben fie fid) Ieid)t jured)t, benn bie beutfd)en gat)r^3lane finb fef)r ^sraftifc^ cingeric^tet. 3Ba£)renb fie auf bem 93at)nf)of toarteten, fut)ren fortroa()renb 3uge borbei, fo ba^ fie bie befte ©elegen^eit fatten, bie beut= fd)en 3iige mit ben- amerifanifd)en gu bcrgleic^en. ®ie £(einen Cofomotiuen mit ben geEenben ^ftffen !amcn it)nen gar f omifd) 8. 3Bo mugten bie ^affagicrc l)iiiget)cti ? 9. 3Bo8 tnu^tcn fte auf bem 3ottomt tnacfien ? 10. SBatum tonnten ^att unb (Srid) balb jum 3uB« gefjeii? 11. 1. SBie tange fd^rt mon »on Suy^aoen nac^ Hamburg? 2. 3Bor= um iDoUtcn bie greunbe gleid) tuclter reifen? 3. SEBarum fu^ten fte nad) bem Stoflertoi-=39al|nt)of? 4. SBa8 lauften fte ftdi bott? 5. S8ergleid)en ®te bie beiitf^en 3u9« Jntt ben ameritani|d)cn ! * So called as starting point for line to Hanover, t Now all trains leave the new Central Station. A Trip to Germany 21 house. We had nothing dutiable,'' but^had^to^ open up our luggage, nevertheless,^ like all the others. We were, however, soon through^with^that.^ As the train was already waiting to take us to Hamburg, we immediately went through the waiting-room and got^aboard. 11. The German Railways. After a somewhat monotonous ride of about two hours, we crossed the Elbe and sOon found ourselves in the Hanover station. " Shall ^ we stay here a few days be- fore we travel on.?" asked Erich. "I believe not," I replied; "you know we have a letter^of ^introduction to^ a family in Leipzig, and I should like^ to be* there as soon as possible.^ Let^us^buy^ a railway-guide and look up the best train." "Can^you^^make^it^out.?'"^ asked Erich. "Of course," I replied; "these German time- tables are very conveniently arranged." As our train went from the Klostertor Station, we took a cab and drove thither. We had enough time to attend to everything, and had to wait two__^hours_besides.^ During this time, we had [a good] opportunity to com- pare the German^ cars with the American,? for trains went by continually. "Just see that little locomotive," said Erich, as the first [one] came 'by, "and hear the whistle; isn't it shrill?" "Yes," I replied, "and don't the cars look like toys, especially those on ^° the freight- trains ? " 'i. 8 mugten jebod^. 'Ipmit fertig, 17. 11. ifoHen. ^an. »pret. subj. of tnogen, with adv. gem, 30 bi, Note I. * fein, without ju, 29, Note. ^ 43 a. ^ Saufen toir un8 or SBir motten un8 faufen. ' Follow German model. ' aix^erbem jwei ©tunbeit. '3 b. 1" gen. without prep. 22 (Eine Hetfe nadi Deutfdjlanb Dor, bie Stjenbatjnroagen, fiefonberS bie ©iiteriragen, toaxen mt ©pieljeug. SfJirf)! alle ^erfonenmageit luoren gteic|, benn c§ gtbt in ©eutfcljlanb Dier Derjdjtebene Sllaffen. ®ie 9veifett' ben tcoHten ntcf)t ju bid ®elb auSgeben, al)o loften fie gaijr^ forten britter Slaffe, obgleidj bie fr£)ti(i)ten SBagen mit ben unge= )3oI[terten ©igen ni(i)t allgu beqiiem finb. Sn bem gaf)rplan ftanb i^r Qno, bejeidinet : S. 1-3 ; b. t)."' e§ tvat ein ©cf)neH= gug mit 3Bagcn 1., 2. unb 3. ft'taffef unb fut)r f^neller ate bie gett)o[)nli(i)en ^erfonenjiige. 13. Die ^etttfd?ett (Eifenbaljnen (©d^lu^). ©nblic^ rief ein (£ifenbaf)n6eamter : „®in[teigen in ber SRic^tung SKagbeburg, |)atle, Seipjig," unb ber Quq war ba. ©in aSagen britter Sllaffe trug bie 9tuffc£)rift „^a<^ Selpjig iiber 2)?agbeburg=§oIIe," unb bie greunbe ftiegen ^ier ein, urn nicf)t um[teigen ju miiffen. Unt beffere Suft ju l^aben, n)at)lten fie einen mit ber 2luff(i)rift „5Rid£)traud^er" Derfeljenen Stbteil. „9(bfa^ren!" rief ber S8af)n^of§tiorfte^er. ®ann gab ber 3ugfii^rer ein 3^1^^"- ^^^ @cf)affner mac^ten aKe Xiiren ju, ber 9J?af(^inift Iie§ ben ©ampf an, unb balb lag Hamburg toeit !)inter i£)nen. S)ie greunbe 'fatten ben Stbteit fur fic!^ aKein; atfo legten fie if)re S^eifebeden auf bie beiben t)5(sernen pres. subj., 30a. '13. ^ anbett^alb ©tunbett. '32 a. 13. 1 @ie ba, @e)jailtrager ! ^ cinem jurufen. ^ SBdngen @ie. *pret. subj., 30 a, Note I. 6 30 a and Note 2. * raiitbcn gcBen miiffen, 36 a, Note 3. 26 €tne Hcife nadj Deutfdjlanb pM unb trug e§ aiif ben giur. „9Ba§ ift bte ^aje ?" fragte Sa-rl ben ^^utfc^er. „2 Sl^arE," antwortete biefer. „^kx '^aben ©ie 2 9Kart 50," jagte ^arl, unb ber S^utfc^er freute firf) felir itber haS gro^e Slrinfgelb. „Stflnnen totr ein 3itnOTer mit jloet Setten ju 2 9Jf. 50 ober 3 9K. befommen?" fragte er bann ben sportier. „(£§ tut mir leib, bie [tnb alle befegt," erlptberte biefer, „aber njir ^abcn etn fel)r freunblicf)e§ 3™'"^'^ S" 3.50. (£§ ift eben frei geroorben." „(Sut! S)a^ net)men toir," fagte tart, „bttte, jeigcn @ie e'5 un§." ©0 fuf)rte fie benn ber sportier t)inauf unb fdjitfte einen §au§fne(f)t t)tnunter, ber i^re @ac§en I)erauft)oIte. Segt tturbe auSgepodt unb atleS in Drbnung gebrac^t. Sn^niifdEien roar e§ SKittag geroorben, unb ®rid} fdjlug bor in bie ©tabt ju ge^en. „2reeinetroe9en," dntroortete 5l'arl unb bie greunbe bradjen auf, urn ein DfJeftaurant aufsufudjen. 14. Das Hcftaurant. 'SRan £)atte it)nen uon bem alten „2;pringerf)Df" erja^^It. Sttfo gingen fie bat^in unb fanben ein alteS malerifd)e§ ,^au§ au§ bent 16ten Saf)rt)unbert, beffen ^^affabe ganj bematt roar, ©ie gingen burd) eine ntebrige S^iir, bann bireft an ber Sitdje Uorbei in ein grofeeS mit Iioljernen 3;ifd)en unb @tiil)len Ucr= fet)ene§ 3^'"'"^'^- -f" einem jtif(^e fa^en Diete ©tubenten mit roei^en SDfu^en. S)ie j^i^eunbe fe|ten fid) an einen S^ifd) ben ©tubenten gegenitber unb befd)aftigten fidj mit ber ©jjeifefarte, big ber SeHner !om. 7. Sarum freute ftd) bet Sut?(f)er ? 8. SSa? fiir ein Simmer Be!amen biegrcutibe? 9. Sffiaa mod^ten fte juerft ? 10. SBa? bonn? 14. 1. iBefc^reiBeit @ie ben SE^iiringer^of. 2. SBie famen Sari unb (Srict) in bag groge 3'n"n«? 3- 28en fa^en [u bort? 4. S5Ba8 maictures. We followed a student through the low door, and past the kitchen into a large room where many stu- dents with white caps sat together at a table. This room was provided with many wooden tables and chairs. A 'pres. subj. of foUeit, 30 a. 'naiJ|. ' Follow German model, ^^pret. subj. of tnogeil. *^ a such (neutr. strong infl.). l^ perf . subj., 30 a. ^' 6i8. 14. 1 foUen. '^ man, ' 30 a. * au8. 28 (Etne Hetfe nad) Vzut^djlanb „Z^'mttn bte §erren ^elleS ober ©uitlleS ?" fragte btefer. „S)unf(eg, 6ttte," fagte Sort. SBa()renb ber Slellner ba§ bun= felfiraune 93ier f)otte, »t)aE)lten ^arl unb (grid) bie ©ertcEite, bie . fie eff en ftoHten. Se^t brac£)te ber SeUner Metier, legte SKeffer, ©abeln unb Soffel baneben, unb fel^te ouc^ einen ^orb boH 93riJtc£)en auf ben ^ifct). S)ann befteCte ^arl ba§ ©ffen fur bie beiben : „S\vti ©u^jpen, bitte, ein SBiener ®(i)ni^e(, eincn SRinberbraten mit ^artoffefn." ^Jac^tifd^ toollten fie ni(f)t [)aben. SBafirenb ber ^eHner bie ©uppe brai^te, tranfen bie greunbe it)r erfteS ®(a§ bat)rifct)e§ 33ier. @ie fa^en md) ben ©tubenten t)inuber, urn ju fe^en, h)ie fie e§ macf)ten, unb mad)' ten e§ itinen nac^. „5profit!" fogte Sari. „^rofit!" anU rtiortete (£ric£), unb bie beiben ftie^en mit einanber an. . * bis an (ace), "saf. 'comes after etc. * inv. order (after now). G'2 Tales and Legends head and paws out of the cleft by^main^force/ ran madly through the crowd, threw himself into the river and thus saved his life. When he had come to the shore again, Reynard asked him how the honey had tasted and if he had not forgotten something in his * haste. 4. Reynard and Isegrim. Reynard once went walking in the country with Isegrim the Wolf. The wolf was very hungry, and, when they saw a mare with a little colt, Isegrim begged Reynard to go ^ and ask if the mare would sell the colt and at ^ what price. The mare said that she would sell it if the fox would pay enough, and added that the price was written on ^ her hind-toot. Reynard, however, who knew what the mare meant, said he could not read, returned to the wolf and told him that he had^not^been^able^to^learn ■* the price because he had^not^been^able^to^read * it. Now the wolf went to the mare, for he could read and was not a little proud of^this ^ [fact]. " How much does the colt cost .?" he asked. " Please make it cheap." "The sum is written upon my hind-foot," replied the mare. " Just let me see," said Isegrim. Thereupon the mare lifted her foot from the grass. It had just been shod with six new nails. Those ® were the figures. As Isegrim came nearer in order to read them, the mare kicked violently and struck the wolf on^the^head.'' (The) poor Isegrim fell upon the ground and lay unconscious for an hour. After he had recovered, the fox came to him and asked quite ^mitOcmatt. «the. 4. Hingel^en. "ju. 'auf. ♦36a, Notes, 'bcirouf. 'baS. 'au* ben Sopf. Tales and Legends 63 innocently where the mare was and why he had taken such^a ^ long after-dinner nap. 5. Reynard as Judge. A serpent once wished to creep through a hole in a hedge before which a noose had been placed, but caught itself in the latter, and would have died if a man had not come in the nick of time. But before the man would set the serpent free, he made ^ it swear a solemn oath that it would not injure him in any manner. Then the two went on together, but soon the serpent grew very hungry and wished to devour the man. The latter re- proached it with ingratitude, but the serpent justified itself with the proverb, "Necessity knows no law."^ The man, however, proposed that they leave the mat- ter to a third [person] who would judge them impartially. Unfortunately they met two ravens first, and these two judges condemned the man to death because they thought that they would get something too. But the man demanded another judge, for he consid> ered it unjust to be condemned by robbers. Accordingly all went on together until they met the bear and the wolf. These two also asserted that hunger has no laws, and that the serpent had the right to kill the man. The latter became extremely anxious, for he perceived that the ani- mals had determined to devour him. One possibility of escape remained. The man proposed that they go to the lion, and promised to endure his fate without a word * ein fo. 6. iloffen. 2 9}ottennt!eln®f6ot. 64 Tales and Legends of complaint if he should lose his case again. The ani- mals, thinking that the gentlemen of the court would speak as they had done, consented, and the whole com- pany set out for ^ the court. 6. Reynard as Judge {concluded). Arriving 1 at court, the company went immediately to the king to lay the matter before him. The man related how he had rescued the serpent from death and how the ungrateful [animal j intended to kill him. He asserted that it had completely forgotten his kindness and that it had broken its oath. The serpent, on_the_other_hand, did not deny anything, but said that (the) all-powerful hunger had compelled it to act thus, and repeated its former assertion that necessity knows no law. The matter seemed very difficult to the lion. If the man had not freed the serpent, the latter would have died. On^the^other^hand, the lion had to admit the truth of the proverb that the serpent had just uttered. In his perplexity the lion sent for ^ the fox and told him that he should pronounce judgment. Reynard had^ the oppo- nents repeat all that* they had said, but pretended^that^ he could not decide which of the two was in the right unless ® he could see exactly how the man had freed the serpent. All went back to the place, and they bound the serpent in the same manner as it was bound when the man found 6. 1 32 f, comes after court, "iwc^. 'Ittffen. ' 19 b, Note, ^tun ol8 ob. « e8 fei benn, bag. Tales and Legends 65 it, " Now it is quite clear what is just," said Reynard. Thereupon he turned to the man and said that he could free the serpent from the noose again if he wished; if not, he should let it hang there. Since the serpent had shown itself faithless, the man should have the choice. This judgment pleased the king very much, and every one praised Reynard's cleverness. As^a^matter^of^course ' the man did not set the ungrateful serpent free again. ' ©etbftBerftdnbUc^. 66 XTiatdiixi un6 Sagen B. ®te 3iuerge. 1. cv3. ■jDer erfte §of)enftaufe, ber S5ntg ^onrab lag W\i ,geere§mod)t Dor 2Btn§j3erg, feit tnattd)em tangcn %oS, ift be§ ^onigS SBort." Unb al§ ber friif)e SlRorgen im Dften foum gegraut, ®a f)at etn fettneS ©(^aufptet oom Soger mon gef (^aut ; (£§ offnet leife, teife fid) bo§ bebrangte %qx, S§ fdimanft ein 3u9 t)on 3Bei6ern mit fc^tnercm ©ctiritt tjerbor 2:ief beugt bie Saft fie nieber, bie auf bem 9'iaden rut|t, ©ie tragen i^re ®f)'f)errn, 'ii(x% ift i^r liebfte^ ®ut. Tales and Legends 79 „§att on bte argen SBetDer!" ruft brot)enb mand£)er SSic^t; ®er Slanjier fpridjt bebeutfam: „®a§ tear bte SKeinung nid)t." S)a ^at, toie a'S uernommen, ber fromme §err gelac^t: „Unb tvax e§ nid)t bie ajteinung, [te {)a&en'g gut gemad)t; ®efprod)en ift gefprod)en, iiaS Soniggttjort 6efte[)t Unb jtnai- Don feinem ^onjler jerbeutelt uiib gerbrel^t." @o war bag ®otb ber Srone moI)l rein unb unenttDeitjt, ®te ©age fd^aUt t)eruber, au§ f)atbDergefener 3eit. Sm Saf)r etf^unbert utergig, rtte td)'§ Berseid^nct fanb, ®a(t ^6ntg§rt)drt noc^ [)eiUg im beutjcf)en SSaterlanb. Sfjaniijfo. 1. The Women of Winsperg.* In the year 1140, King Konrad, the 'first of the Ho- henstaufens, besieged the city of Winsperg with his army. Duke Welf had been defeated, but had taken refuge in the city, and the httle place had already defend- ed itself for many a long day. The townspeople were un- dismayed and had sworn to hold the little town. Finally, however, hunger came and they had to seek mercy. But they had slain many a valued warrior, and the king swore that he would have* all the inhabitants killed even if they opened the gates. Then the women went to the king and begged permission to withdraw freely from the town, since they were clear of blood; The king's wrath cooled, he felt compassion in his heart, and he promised the women that they might withdraw unhin- iloffen. * In a similar way malce a free prose rendition of other poems wliich you may know; for example: 3)ie Sorclei, Sie (Srenabiete, and Sic SBattjalirt na^ ^eblaar by Heine. 80 Tales and Legends dered, and that each [one] might carry with her what was dearest to her. The next morning, as it began to grow gray in the east, the gates opened gently and a long procession of women staggered forward. A strange spectacle it was to look upon, for each woman carried her husband, and the heavy burden which rested on her back bowed her down and made her steps heavy. Many knights in the camp called out threateningly, " Stop the deceitful wo- • men!" and the chancellor said that such^ had not been the king's intention. The latter, however, laughed and said that the women had acted shrewdly, and that the king's word must endure without being misinterpreted and distorted by a chancellor. Such is the legend which echoes over to us from a half-forgotten time, a time when a royal word was still considered sacred in the German fatherland. 2 that. Drittcr CctI — Part Third. Deutfdjes tubun unb beutfdje Sitten. German Life and Customs. 81 82 German Life and Customs. A . THE GERMAN EMPIRE. 1. Boundaries, Rivers, and Mountains. Germany lies in the middle of Europe, bounded on the^north ' by the Baltic and North Sea, and by Denmark, which lies between the two. To^the east^ lies Russia ; to the south lie Austria and Switzerland. On the western boundary are found three countries. Farthest to the south is France, farthest to the north, the Netherlands ; between the two lies Belgium. The area of Germany is 540,678 sq. kil. ; that is, Ger- many is about one fifteenth [as large as] (of) the United States of America without Alaska, or about as large as the state [of] Texas. Yet in 1905 there were 60,641,278 inhabitants living in this comparatively small territory, or 1. ^ 3m 9f otbeu Begrcn3t. ^gjniOjlen. Questions upon Map. 1. aSo liegt ®eut|d)lanb ? z. ®ebcn @ic bie ©r'.njctt Seutjd^tenbs an ! 3. SBie Diele unb ineldje ?otibcr begrenjcn ®eutfd)Ianb Im ffieften ? 4. 9f en» nen fte tie ! 5. SBie Biete SDJeerc an ber SJorbgrcnjc r 6. JJcnncii fte bic|e ! 7- 3Ba« ifl ^clgolanb ? 8. Sef(i)teibcn@ie ben gtuglauf ber Elbe! 9. ber SBefer! 10. SBeli^e gtuff^ miinben auf beutfcf|cm ©euiet? 11. 2Bo ntiin= bet ber 9il)ein ? 12. 25Sa« ift ber ^arj? 13. SBo (iegt Da8 3Iic(engebirgc? 14. Sffennen @ic bie h3i(f)tigjlcn ©tobte in ®eutfcf|(anb ! 1 5. SSSeldie ©tfibtc Itegen on ber etbe ? 16. SBelc^e am SRl^ein? 17. SBo liegt Sertin, Sre= men, fbuigSberg? 18. 3n raelcfier 9?ic^tung fa^rt mon oon ?eit)jig nac^ §aHe? 19. Srtennen @ie eine @ro6ftabt im ©iiben! 83 84 German Life and Customs about two-thirds as many as in the United States. No wonder, then, that so many Germans emigrate to America. The most important rivers in Germany are : the Vis- tula, the Oder, the Elbe, the Weser, the Rhine and the Danube. Of these all except the Danube flow in a northerly direction, and only this river and the Weser have their sources in German territory. Best known of all is the Rhine, which rises in Switzerland, flows through the western part of Germany, and empties into the North Sea in Dutch territory. These rivers are all navigable, at least for vessels of light draught, and, together with the numerous canals, form important commercial^high- ways. The most famous German mountain^ranges are : the Harz Mountains, which lie in about the middle of Ger- many; the Thuringian Forest, southward from them; the celebrated Black Forest in the southwestern corner of the empire ; and the Giant Mountains, which form a part of the southern boundary between Germany and Austria. In Southern Bavaria one finds still higher ranges, for here the Tyrolese Alps begin. One of these peaks, the rugged Zugspitze, 2900 meters high, is the highest mountain in all Germany. The climate is milder than that of the state [of] New York, warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. And yet Germany lies much farther to the north than the United States. For example, the parallel of Berlin trav- erses the bleak waste of Labrador and cuts through the southern part of Hudson Bay. The northern part of Germany is very flat, and does German Life and Customs 85 not lie much above the sea. Central Germany has ^ also no great elevation, although some districts are somewhat mountainous and very beautiful. But South Germany, especially in the neighborhood of the Alps, has far more variety of scenery, and some of the mountains, for example the above-mentioned Zugspitze, reach a height of nearly three thousand meters. 3. Cities and States. Berlin, the capital of Germany, lies in the central part of the empire. The great commercial cities, Hamburg and Bremen, are^ in the northwest corner, the one on the Elbe and the other on the Weser. Quite in the south is^found^ Munich. On the Elbe, close to the Bohemian boundary, is^ the beautiful city of Dresden. Farther to the north- west is Leipzig, the center of the book trade. Not far northwest of Leipzig is the university town of Halle, to the southwest, the university town of Jena. In western Germany are many celebrated cities on the Rhine and near it. East of the Belgian city of Brussels is Cologne- on-the-Rhine with its magnificent cathedral ; then come Bonn, Koblenz, Mayence, and, not far distant, Frankfort- on-the-Main ; still farther south, Heidelberg-on-the-Neck- ar, and Strassburg with another famous minster. The German Empire consists of a union of twenty-five states and the imperiaMand, Alsace-Lorraine, which is administered by the imperial government. Of these, the kingdom of Prussia in the north, with Berlin as its capital, has the greatest number of inhabitants. The * erreii^en. ^ Use liegen throughout this paragraph. 86 German Life and Customs kingdom of Bavaria in the south is the second largest German state ; its capital, Munich, is far famed as a cen- ter of art and literature. Between these two states lies the kingdom of Saxony, with Dresden as its capital. There is also a fourth kingdom, Wiirttemberg, which is, however, less important than the ones named above. These states, and the twenty-one others also, have re- tained their constitutions, but they have entrusted the supreme direction of military* and political f affairs of the Empire to the King of Prussia, who, being the head of all the united states, is called the German Emperor. All questions that concern the whole German Empire are decided by the federal government. This is admin- istered by the Emperor, the federal council, the mem- bers of which are appointed for each session by the gov- ernments of the individual states, and the " Reichstag," the members of which are elected by^ universal suffrage. 3. Germany's Place among the Nations. Germany has always played an important part in (the) European politics.^ Long before there was ^ a German nation, the ancestors of the modern Germans created and dethroned Roman emperors and founded kingdoms through all Europe. Even Charlemagne, whom the old French minstrels celebrate in their songs, was a German. Not until after the treaty of Verdun, however, in the year 843, did [there] exist an independent German state. In the Middle Ages Germany was prosperous, success- " on the basis of. 3. ^Sihg. ^geben. * in case of war. f as chief executive. German Life and Customs 87 ml in war, and advanced in art and literature. Then came a long period of (the) decay and (the) weakness, especially in the century of [the] religious controversy which followed the Reformation. The Thirty Years' War, in the first half of the seventeenth century, almost innihilated the nation, and it was ^ long before the land fully recovered from it. At the beginning of the nine- teenth century Germany had to submit to the great Na- poleon, but a few years later aided materially in conquer- ing* the conqueror. From this time on, under the leadership of Prussia,^ Germany has taken great strides forward. The Franco-Prussian war in 1870 showed the world to what a military power Germany had developed.^ Since that time the German army has been a model for all nations, even for China and Japan. Before 1 866 Germany was a loose confederation of independent states. Since the Franco-Prussian War, however, it has been a closely welded union under the leadership of Prussia, with the king of Prussia as head of the whole empire. But not only in war does Germany occupy a prominent place among the nations. Germany is especially promi- nent in the field of thought. What a tremendous influ- ence the German philosophers, composers and poets have had upon modern thought and culture ! The German universities and conservatories [of music] are world- famed ; in every German city of importance one finds strangers from all the four quarters of the world, who have come to make use of the excellent advantages which these institutions offer. In the world of industry and commerce, too, Germany •baucrn. *32e. ^463,2. ^ reflexive verb. 88 German Life and Customs is swiftly overtaking her rivals. With [the] exception of England, Germany has the greatest merchant marine of the world. Not England, but Germany will be the rival of the United States in the East, if the great steamship^ companies of Hamburg and Bremen continue their won- derful development. Moreover, the Germans are diligently cultivating all branches of industry, and Germany can already be consid- ered as one of the foremost nations in respect to its out- put^of ^manufactures. For many reasons, therefore, Germany is entitled to be considered one of the greatest world-powers and (it) offers to the other nations an interesting and instructive object of study. B. PICTURES OF GERMAN LIFE. 1. A German City in the year 1300. In the fourteenth century, the German city is still surrounded by forest and heath, by marsh and pond. A wall and moat immediately around the city serve as [a] defense. Behind the wall are^seen ^ the many large and small spires of the city. These look closely crowded from a distance, as they belong not only^ to churches and the town-hall, but also^ to ancient fortresses, or to an old inner wall which separates the older part of the city from the newer. These towers are either round or square, of uneven height and thickness, and in a rich city are cov- ered with slate or tiles, and ornamented with metal balls. All the larger gates are double ; about the outer gates stands a large tower ; behind it, the bridge lies over the 1. 1 one sees. ^ nt^t nur . . . fonbertt au(^. German Life and Customs 89 wide city moat, in which fish are kept. Outside the city, in airy places, windmills are seen ^ turning their wings, and where a brook runs through the meadow, the wheels of the watermill clatter. On a little rise stands the city gallows, where black crows fly about shapeless bundles. If one enters the city in the morning, one is^sure^to^ meet* the cattle first. In the streets the cows are trot- ting and a shepherd and his dog are leading sheep to the neighboring heights. The pigs cause a great deal of' trouble by running ^ into the houses in^search^of ^ their unclean nourishment. Occasionally the city council has to forbid the building of pigpens on the street. Large flights of pigeons rise from the street, for these birds are favorites of the citizens, and rare species are much sought after. Heaps of manure lie about in out-of-the-way places, and when the city prepares for the visit of an emperor or for a great fair, it has this carried away from the streets and squares, and also has the bodies of crimi- nals removed from the gallows. The main streets of the city are paved here and there, but o£ten they are very bad. When the dirt is too deep, the citizens put on heavy wooden shoes. If a festival, a joust, or a play is held in a square, this square is covered with straw. In the streets are many wells, with roller and chain and two pails. If good water is lacking, pains^ are taken ^ to lead pure springs and brooks into the town. The streets differ from modern streets in being narrow and winding. The houses are usually small, built of wood, covered 'one sees. * one surely meets. ^ baburc^, bog ftc . . . laufen. ^auf ber @u(^e naii^. ' mon bemii^t fti^. 90 German Life and Customs with straw, and provided with gables. Over the door hangs a shield with the sign of the house painted upon it, and often the owner of the house is named after his sign. An upper story projects over the lower floor, a second [one] over the first, and from the upper story, bay windows and balconies project still farther into the street. In this way the upper stories of opposite houses approach each other, and the light is so much shut off below that it is sometimes found necessary to forbid the building of balconies. On the street below, booths, shops, and sheds are built on to the front of the ground floor. In some cities the upper stories are supported by pillars so that a covered walk is formed. In the construction^of^buildings one sees of what slight importance private life is in comparison with the life of the community. For between herds and straw roofs rise magnificent cathedrals, gigantic, artistic struc- tures in which the citizens show with pride what money and work can^do.'^ Numerous are the houses of worship, for besides the large cathedrals there are^ smaller churches and chapels, and also several monasteries, shut off, perhaps, by walls. The court-house is also beautiful, but between it and the cathedral is a pool of water, the "fire pond," with ducks [swimming] upon it, and next^to^it^ is the German village tree, the old linden, reminding i" the citizens of ^^ the time when ^^ there was ^^ yet no city. 2. A Modern German City. A modern German city presents a quite different pic- ture from the city desctibed in the previous chapter.^ To 'oermogcn. ^geben. 'baneben. ^sic. "an. ^^ido. I'geBcn. 2.14a. German Life and Customs 91 be sure, some of the older cities and some parts of the more modern [ones] still preserve the crooked, narrow streets and the quaint houses. But, in general, the mod- ern German cities, especially Berlin, are famous for^ their broad, clean streets, theii; splendid lighting, the ex- cellent facilities for transportation, and the extensive and well-kept parks. As there are strict building laws, no " sky-scrapers " are found ^ in the business portions of the city. On the other hand, even the streets in the suburbs contain high houses built close together,* for few families possess a house and garden, and the majority of the Germans dwell in apartments. Only in the suburbs, where the wealthy reside, does one find single houses surrounded by gardens. These houses are generally called villas. Electric cars ply ^ through the city, and innumerable cabs are at the service of even the humbler citizens. Everywhere are seen (the) smartly dressed policemen, without whom a German city is not to be thought [of]. In certain cities the old walls have been razed and in their place are parks which surround the inner town. Here the worthy citizens walk on Sundays and in the evenings. Generally, however, they take longer walks in the parks which are found ^ in the suburbs or at a short distance from the city. Everywhere are* restaurants and con- cert-gardens, where one may hear good music while eating'^ supper. The old cathedrals from ^ the Middle Ages still remain unsurpassed by the numerous but less magnificent churches of modern construction. Here and there in the 'toegen. 824 b. ^42. ^ fasten, ^geben. ' ma^renb, 32 b. 'avi. 92 German Life and Customs city one sees schools and theatres and, in the impor- tant squares, monuments to * favorite rulers or heroes. In few cities is^there^lacking i" a monument to the be- loved Emperor Wilhelm I, or to Bismarck, the man of blood and iron, to whom Germany is^indebted^for ^* its unification. C. GERMAN STUDENT-LIFE. 1. The German Gymnasium.* Among the different so-called higher [secondary] schools ill Germany, the gymnasium occupies the first place. This^is^due,^ not to the number of its students, for only a small percentage of young Germans complete^its___ course,^ but to its splendid training and to the fact that, until recently, access to the learned professions and higher posts in (the) civil service could be obtained only by those who had successfully passed the final^examination^of^ the^ymnasium.* The gymnasium has the purpose of training* men who shall^b enable " to think clearly on the basis of sound knowledge, to recognize and cultivate their peculiar* talents, and to appreciate the beautiful and the great. The instruction is mainly humanistic, (whereby) the chief jveight being^laid ' upon Latin, Greek and German in the [regular] gymnasium ; upon Latin, (the) modern ' Don. 1° fe^Ien. ^^ oetbanten. 1. ibieg Berbanft e8. ^^ e8 buvc^madfien. *ba8 Stbltudenteneyamen, *32e. ^pres. 'bejonbet. 'pass, voice. * For a comprehensive and detailed account of secondary education, d. Rue- sell, German Higher Schools. German Life and Customs 93 languages, and the sciences in the " Real-Gymnasium." But the gymnasium does not foster narrow speciahsts, and the gymnasium-students have general interests and an ability to discuss the most diverse subjects [such] as is seldom found among the students of our colleges. The aim of the gymnasium is, accordingly, a general scientific training. The curriculum is fixed by the gov- ernment, although considerable liberty is left to the individual schools and teachers in the choice of the ma- terial^for^teaching, and in the ' presentation [of it]. This centralization makes possible a uniformity of work which could not otherwise be attained. The strength of the gymnasium system, however, lies in' the ability of the teachers. Before they are permitted to give instruction in the gymnasium, they must have passed a special state examination which demands about one year more [of work] than [does] the [degree of] Doctor of Philosophy. Even then they are not permanently em- ployed until they have shown, in " trial^years," that they are successful pedagogs. The gymnasium has a course of nine years. Scholars are admitted at the age of nine (years), after having '" had three years' instruction in reading, writing, arithmetic and religion. These nine years are years of sharp discipline and care- ful supervision. (The) instruction begins at seven in summer and eight in winter, and there_^is " no cutting or comingjate. The supervision of the gymnasium does not end with the departure of the pupil from the school building. He must obey the regulations, no^matter 'its. 'Beru^tauf. i° nac^bem fie, 32 b. "cSflibt. 94 German Life and Customs where^he" may be, and is not permitted to do certain things, for example, to visit a restaurant, except in (the) company of adults. Discipline is easily enforced, for the military spirit pervades all Germany, and the smallest boys are accus- tomed to obey. Many of the teachers are officers in the^" Reserves," and infuse a military spirit into the life in the school-room. There is " less fun and far more seri- ousness among the gymnasium students than one finds in English and American schools. Even in the recesses one seldom sees the students playing. The older students walk gravely about together discussing even social or political problems, or new works in literature or art, or thin gs^of ^th at^nat ur e .'* Certainly they are^deprived^of* many [of the] plea- sures^of^youth by this system, but^gain** years in"" time and acquire well-trained minds,'* minds which really have learned [how] to think. After the nine years of prepara- tory training in the gymnasium, the student is ready to enter the university, where three more years suffice to give him the doctor's^degree. It is quite possible, there- fore, for a German student to obtain the Ph.D.^^ at the age of twenty-one. As a rule, however, the students spend mpre time at the university, and the average age at graduation is, perhaps, twenty-four. In Germany there is no institution between the gymnasium and the university which corresponds to the American college. But the last two years of the gym- nasium and similar German schools are equal to at least 12 IBO er aud). I'eSgifit. "berattigeS. i^migs. isgereiimen aber. " an. " sing, (with indef. art.), w ®r. ))l)it. (Soltor ber 5p^itofo)j]^te). German Life and Customs 95 the first two years of the American college, and in some respects the average gymnasium student who has suc- cessfully passed his final examination has a better mental^ equipment^" than the student who has gone^through^^ the American college, 2. The German University. If the German gymnasium stands^f or ' the strictest dis- cipline and the closest attention to required studies, the German university is, on the other hand, the ideal of academic freedom in the choice of studies, in the work itself, and in freedom of personal life. The gymnasium student must attend his class unless he has a very valid excuse. The university student need never appear in the lecture-room if he does not wish to. All lecture courses are elective, and the student may choose as much or as little as pleases him. For the mo- ment, he need not trouble himself about examinations. Whether he will try his examination after three years, or after ten, depends wholly upon himself. In the meantime he is the freest citizen in the German Empire. At some universities, even if he should be arrested, at least for a minor offence, he need only show his student-card and then the policeman would take leave of him politely and refer his case to the University Judge. This academic freedom of the German university is sometimes misused. But most students have learned to work conscientiously at the gymnasium, have come to the university with mature and critical comprehension; '^ geiflige 2Iu8ru|iung. 21 aB|otdieren ; bur(^=tno^en. 2. iBettreten. 96 German Life and Customs and these students can develop much better in this free atmosphere than if they were still to be bound in the future by petty rules in study and conduct. They are treated as men, and if they do not prove themselves^to^be^ men, so much the worse for them. In any case they^would n ot^have^am ounted^t o^any th ing.* Once at the university, the student has the opportunity to hear the greatest thinkers of his fatherland. He is en- couraged to free himself from all prejudices, narrow views, and antiquated dogmas. Moreover he has abundant opportunity to hear and see the best in music and the drama. Seats "n the theatre and concert hall are re- served for him at greatly reduced rates. If he wishes to take in summer a tramp through the mountains, in many hotels he can obtain rooms at reduced rates. The chief advantage for the student is of course the inspiration which he receives from the great men whom he hears daily ; for the German student does attend his lectures* even if that is not required. He soon begins to think of his dissertation ; for a satisfactory work, based on original investigation, must be submitted by him before he is permitted to present himself* for his examin- ation. This dissertation is the principal thing in the student's real university training. In writing ® it he learns to work scientifically, to find the books ' he needs, and to use them when he has found them, to weigh the thoughts of others, and to think independently for himself. And now the dissertation is accepted and he is sum- moned to his examination. Three subjects, in which he * that they are. ' tlid^ts mSrc au8 tf)nen gemotften, * insert bodi after lectures, ^^c^ fletten (ju). 'inbem er, 32 b. '19 a. German Life and Customs 97 has specialized, have been chosen by him, and he must submit himself to oral examinations of one hour^each' in these subjects. How many questions one can put in an hour ! Now is^disclosed ' whether the student has made^ood^use^of '" his time or whether he has abused his academic freedom. For^weeks" before the examina- tion, the student is the picture of despair. His friends see him only when he comes to his meals, and then he looks preoccupied and can hardly force a smile. Upon the last day he does not^even '^ appear among his friends. And then the ordeal is over and the successful candi- date is again a human being. " I congratulate you. Doc- tor," he hears on all sides. He invites his best friends to a " Doktor-Kneipe," and from early evening until far into the night the successful completion of his academic life is celebrated. 3. The Last Day at the Gymnasium. " Then fare thee well, Gymnasium, I leave thee without sadness." ' We could not get this song out of our^heads " as we betook ourselves, for the last time, to the gymnasium. For the last time our gay caps adorned us. For who would wear this badge of servitude after the examina- tion ? The houses looked so strange in the spring sun- shine — but we could flunk even^in' this fine weather. ' jc eine ©tunbe. * it comes out C^erouS). *" auSniiljeii. " SSoijtn-- lang. ^^niiit nnmaU 8. 1 So leb' benn tootil, ©tjmnaftuni, 3d) f(^eibe o^ne Krduetru «the head, 14. I'aviii bel. 98 German Life and Customs And it was with considerable anxiety that we entered that old box, the gymnasium. The school had a holiday in^our^honor.* But where were our friends ? Ah ! they were surely still asleep. And now we have reached the gymnasium and the old janitor has shown us into the Sexta. Was that the old room where we had had our first lesson nine years ago ? How small and narrow 1 And there was the same huge ink-spot on the map, just in the middle of Saxony. We all started^up.' The whole corps^of^teachers * ap- peared, with the director and the mayor and the entire body^of^school^inspectors. And now the judgment could commence. The mayor began: "As royal commissioner," — thunder, how proud that sounded! — "and chairman of the examination committee, I have to inform you that the examination papers of Miiller, Kurth, Weissker and Krause are excellent and that they are excused from the oral examination. I congratulate you." " Krause ? " And so I [was excused] too. Then it was all over. [I was] free ! And now we sauntered through the old halls. But the poor fellows in there ! How they must be perspir- ing ! Horace and Demosthenes ! And Miiller, No. 2," will surely flunk in mathematics. They must be through at twelve and then we are to be here again. How swiftly the hours passed ! At home they would scarcely believe that this was the end. Kurth had told his grandmother that he had^not^been^admitted^to the^ex- * un8 ju e^ren. ^ in ble $o^e fc^neUen. • Se^rerji^or, ' 3JJiiUer II (jwel). German Life and Customs 99 amination,* and the poor old lady had almost had hyster- ics, and now she would hardly believe the truth. At twelve we returned to the gymnasium. With what pride we wore the free man's^hat.' Little Muller "" was even smoking. There stood the whole Prima before the gate. " Gratulamur," it went from mouth to mouth. And we shook each^other's " hands. The old janitor stood behind the door and whispered to us that the others had got through. With a general murmur of joy we re- entered the room. Muller was still perspiring. And the blackboard was covered with a confusion of parabola and hyperbola ; — and there, in the corner, the old bino- mial theorem. Poor fellow ! And now the mayor addressed us : " My dear young friends, I congratulate you. The examination commit- tee can testify with an easy conscience that you have not spent your years at the gymnasium without success. I wish that you may take life'^ as earnestly as your school-time, and that you may always be as successful as to-day. I cnnj;ratulate you that you have worked so faithfully here, for the^more^earnestly ^^ you have worked here, all^the freer ^^ and easier will it be for you to solve the harci problem of life, to do your duty when no one but your conscience compels and guides you. I wish you hap- piness and success in life and beg you not to forget your Alma Mater." And through the open window resounded the hurra[s] of our comrades. 8 surudliellen (perf. pass.). » SKfinnerl^ut. i^iie. "unable, ^iid. Wie ernfter ... urn jo f relet, etc. 100 German Life and Customs 4. My first Room. I arrived in Leipzig yesterday morning at lo o'clock I should have been here day before yesterday if I had not interrupted the journey in order to visit my friend Busse in Magdeburg. It seemed as if the whole train had been full of students, for the platform was crowded with young men who aU had an academic air. Many of them were old students who had come to meet old friends or welcome new acquaintances. Everywhere the gay caps of the fraternity students were to be seen. I left my baggage at the station and then went at once to the University to get my bearings. On the way I noticed that many of the older students examined me from^head^ to foot,' and that they exchanged glances then as if they wished to say, "A new freshman — what do you think'' of him.?" At the University I found a great crowd of students eagerly engaged in studying the notices on the bulletin- board, and in taking down addresses of rooms. I made a list of about twenty of the most desirable, then began to saunter through the streets to examine the location of these. Most of the rooms, the prices of which corre- sponded to the condition of my purse, were on the third or fourth floor, so I did not look at them unless the neighborhood was especially attractive. Even then I was^ unsuccessful' all morning. Either the landlady made a bad impression, or the furniture was unsatisfactory, or the light was poor. By noon I was pretty tired from all 4. 1 Bon fio))f 8U 5«6j or ""W ©c^eitel 6i8 jiir ©o^le. " ^alteii. •letnen ffirfolg ^o6en. German Life and Customs 101 the stair-climbing, so I made a pause of an hour and had^ a^ood^dinner.* With renewed strength I continued the search. Now my way led me through the finer parts of the town, past the Johanna Park and through the Ferdinand Rhode Strasse. All at once my eye^was^struck ^ by a " Rooms to Rent" card in one of the windows in the second story of a corner house. At the same time I became aware of a girl's head with brown locks, which, however, disappeared upon my ^ looking more closely at the window. I must take a look at this room, I thought, even if it is not on my list. I wonder *■ if the girl is the landlady's daughter. In a moment a whole romance had^been^played ^ in my heart. Soon I had sprung up the stairs and rung [the bell] and was waiting with heart beating expectantly. A trim maid led me into the reception-room and then brought in her mistress. The latter was a woman in the forties, still handsome, and with something distinguished in her whole appearance. When I told her that I wished to look at the room, she said she hoped I would excuse its dis- order, as she and her daughter had just been sewing there. Of course I said that that made no difference, whereupon she led me into the room, a large, cheerful corner-room, in which the girl, whom I had seen, sat sew- ing at one of the windows. "This is my daughter Elsa,'^ she said, introducing me. I told her that I hoped that I was not disturbing them, that I had seen their card, and that the house pleased me on account of its pleasant and quiet location. While we were concluding the business^ *ag gut 3U SKittag. 'Slid Wutbe gefeffelt. «oI« ic^. '3c^ miidjte trot)! tuiffen. * [i(t:i abf^iielen. 102 German Life and Customs of ^renting^the^room, I was examiningthe furniture, which, though simple, was quite satisfactory. Frau Schulze, for that was her name, told me that this was the first time that she had ever rented a room, and that she would not do it now if it were not necessary in order to pay the expenses of her son who now was serving his year in the army. On the whole I am much pleased with my new quar- ters and with mother and daughter. To be sure the romance hasn't begun yet, but the chairs and bed are comfortable, and the coffee and rolls which I got this morning are good; and that is probably more important for the present. 5. " Rushing "^the^Freshman.^ This afternoon, on returning to my room from a walk, I found an invitation to a meeting of the "Neuphilolo- gische Verein," which was to take place that evening. As I well knew, these scientific societies are not considered to be so distinguished as the " Corps " and " Burschen- schaften " ; but as I am opposed to the duel on principle, and as the other societies have the reputation of wasting time and money, I was pleased at the possibility of be- coming a member of the Verein. Moreover my specialty was to be Literature and Philology, so I couldn't possibly join a society where I could find more help and inspira- tion. While I sat considering the matter, there came a knock at my door and the maid showed in two pleasant appearing young men. They asked me if they had the 6. 1 pc^JefeileHo German I^ife and Customs 103 honor of speaking with Mr. Krause, and explained that they were members of the "Neuphilologische Verein" and that they had come to add a personal invitation to the written one. It would give them the greatest pleasure if it would be possible for me to attend their meeting this evening. I thanked them for their invitation and assured them that I appreciated it, and that I should be pleased to come. "Perhaps you will permit us to call for you then," said the one who acted as spokeman. " Or still better, if you have nothing else to do, we might spend the afternoon and eat supper together, and then go to the meeting." In a few minutes we were engaged in a "Bummel" through the town. The young men, whom I^liked^more and^more,^ were extremely jolly, and never at^ajoss^for^some- thing^to^say.^ In half an hour I had seen all the impc f- tant buildings of the University, all the houses where the celebrated men who had attended the University had lived, and knew the peculiarities of all the professors. Moreover I had a fair idea of the fraternity system of the University and had come to the conclusion that the "Neu- philologische Verein " was the on e (which was) most suited for me. After a jolly supper in a restaurant by the river, we betook ourselves to the headquarters of the club. I was ushered into a large room decorated with countless banners and pictures, and already quite full of young men. Upon^our^appearance * everybody came towards us and a general introduction took place. Soon came the call "ad loca," and we all seated ourselves at the ta- ble, a huge affair in the shape of the Greek letter TT. In the middle of the upper end sat the president with the ^mir immer Beffer geftelcn. "um ein SSSort »er(egen. *al8 toir ^iv einttaten. 104 Lrerman Lite and Customs secretary and treasurer, all dressed in evening dress, gor- geously adorned with scarf and plumed cap. The presi- dent wore a sword with which he smote the table upon rising to call the meeting to order. To the right and left of the officers sat the alumni, famous professors at the University and noted men in (the) public life who had come to be present at the first meeting. After an inspired address by the president and the cus- tomary singing of " Deutschland iiber alles,'' we rose to drink to the health of "Emperor, King and Empire." Great jubilation followed the toast, and the meeting was now under^way.^ For hours, speeches and songs fol- lowed each other, with pauses for general conversation between. My neighbors at the table were highly inter- esting, and the time passed with the greatest rapidity. At twelve o'clock the official meeting was over, and now came the "Fidulitat,"^ or informal part of the evening. In an extremely witty speech, the president gave up his office and invested the oldest alumnus, the founder of the Verein, with the insignia of office. The hoary professor rose and kept^us^in^a^roar ^ [for] five minutes (long), then concluded his speech by drinking to our health "what I have in my glass," — and it was a big glass and full at that.^ At one o'clock the alumni departed, but the meeting still went on. I was so well pleased with the men, most of whom I had met by this time, and by the general tone of the company, that I gave my assent without hesitation when it was proposed to me that I join the society. My 'im Oange. 6 student slang for gibetifdt. 'lieg un8 nitfjt au8 bent ?ad)en lommeti. ^ obenbretn. German Life and Customs 105 decision was communicated to the president, and imme- diately he rose to inform the society that Herr Krause had determined to join the society. General jubilation 1 And now from all sides "Prosit" was called to me and everybody clinked glasses with me. Other guests who had been invited now followed my example, and soon there were a half-dozen [prospective members or] "Keil- fiichse " who had declared their intention of joining. And when did I get home ? Well, I'll not tell you how late it was, but I did not need to light a candle upon re- turning, for it was broad daylight and the sun was just rising over the roofs in the east. 6. The First Lecture. My first lecture came this morning and was naturally an event of^great_importance.^ With considerable curi- osity, and yet with a kind of silent devotion, I entered the sacred halls where wisdom is taught [us]. How different everything was here from the gymnasium. That was a jail. Here one is free. The lectures begin fifteen minutes after the hour — the academic quarter, they call that here — and as a rule the students do not enter the rooms before that time, but stand or walk about in the halls before entering the room. This, however, was the first lecture and Prof. Ulrich is very popular, so everyone went in early in order to get a seat. At [a] quarter past, the room was full, and men were standing around^the^walls.^ There was an air of eager expectancy, and the murmur of voices remained 6. ^erficn 5Range8. ^ringg njj ipert aBSnben. 106 German Life and Customs subdued. About twenty minutes past, a little old man hurried into the room and rushed towards the desk. Upon his entrance, a roar like the beginning of a storm arose and the whole room shook. It was the peculiar ovation of trampling with which the teachers are greeted. The noise lasted until the professor had reached his desk. When silence was restored,^ he bowed, began with "Gen- tlemen," and immediately we were all ear and listening with attention and admiration, hardly turning our eyes from the speaker to take our notes. In a few minutes, as it seemed, a little bell over the door rang. A whole hour had passed. With a bow the professor was down from his desk, and an almost more violent trampling ac- companied him to the door, which his proud and attentive "famulus" held open for him. 7. An Excursion to Weimar. At last my wish has been fulfilled and I have seen Weimar. It seems to me as if I had actually been visit- ing the great giants of German literature in their own homes ; never before have the names of Goethe and Schiller had so much meaning for me as now. For have I not seen the streets in which they walked, the houses in which they lived, the tables at which they sat while creating those wonderful masterpieces .' Last week Prof. Boehme proposed to his class in Gothic a scientific excursion to Weimar which should take place to-day. We were all very eager to go, especially those of us who had never seen the city of the Muses. But » wieber eitttretcn. German Life and Customs 107 the term "scientific^excursion" sounded suspicious. Must we_be j)repared^f or ^ all sorts of questions on the lives and works of the great men who had inhabited Weimar in the time of Karl August ? And should we have to fill our heads with dates and names for the trip ? One of the older " semesters," however, assured us that it wasn't so bad [as that] ; that a " scientific excursion " was only an excuse for Professors and students to pass a jolly day together, even if the goal of the trip were a city with literary associations. So we assembled bright and^early^ at the station, and on the train we preempted two adjoining compartments for ourselves. Songs and jolly stories beguiled the time. At every second station Prof. Boehme had the door opened to shout for beer and sandwiches, for the cool morning air had given us a sharp appetite. Our trip took us through one of the most picturesque districts of Germany, past Naumburg with the celebrated Schulpforta, where so many famous men had been pupils, past the watering- place Kosen, and the old Rudelsburg, that goal of student pilgrimages. " Here we are,^ " suddenly cried one of the students, and there were the towers and roofs of Weimar in the distance. Soon the little band had left the station and was sauntering down the Sophienstrasse towards the Museum. The latter, though containing interesting col- lections and a famous cycle of mural paintings of scenes from the Odyssey, could not detain us long, for we wished to see the houses where the great Goethe and his friends had dwelt. On our way we stopped before the 7. ifottten Wir un« »or6creiten auf. * in otter gru^e. " ©a ioaren rcir. 108 German Life and Customs theatre to admire the splendid Goethe and Schiller Monu ment. A short street led us to Schiller's house. I can- not describe, nor will I attempt to do it, the feelings that came over me as I stood in the bare room at the simple desk where Schiller had sat in communion with the great heroes and heroines that thronged^his^brain.^ From here we went on to Goethe's house. What a contrast it presented 1 Here in the rooms, which have been restored to the original condition in which they were during^Goethe's^life,^are proofs enough of the great poet's love of splendor and his aristocratic tendencies. And yet his bed-room and study are simpler than the study rooms of our most modest students. We hardly dared speak aloud in these rooms; so full were they of the master's presence, and so overwhelmed with awe were we at ® the thought of the wonderful works which the master had given the world. And now we went to the cemetery where, in the Princes' Vault, the great friends lie side by side in coffins of oak covered with laurel wreaths. It seemed a desecration to turn from the sublime thoughts which had occupied us to the prosaic thought of dinner. And yet our next visit was^to ^ a restaurant, where we did full honor to a long bill-of-fare and the cool "barley-juice." Then we strolled through the park to Goethe's summer-house ^ and out to the little suburb of Tiefurt, two miles distant, where the duchess Anna Amalia often entertained a brilliant circle who rejoiced in the good fortune of being able to listen to the words of the poet. * feine ^P^antafie erfuUen. ^ ju Ooet^eS Sebjeiten. « bet. ' gelten (with dat.). 8 @artenl)au8. German Life and Customs 109 Here, of course, we had to eat again. But meanwhile the sun had sunk .behind the hills and we had just time enough to reach the station. One of the students struck up a marching song, and we marched back to the city to its inspiring strains. I am afraid we were not as reverent on the trip home as we should have been after a day (which was) devoted to such lofty associations. One jolly song fol- lowed (upon) another, and again at every station our thirsty leader opened the window to call " Bier her!" At last he himself began to sing an old Low-German song written against Napoleon. He commenced each following stanza higher than the preceding one and soon he was out^of^his^depth.^ Then he would begin again, but al- ways with the same result. We all enjoyed it immensely and sang the refrain with a fullness of sound which com- pletely drowned out the noise of the train. Finally we were again in Leipzig, had thanked our kind professor, bidden each other good-bye, and were walking each to his own room, full of mingled thoughts of a glorious past and a joyful present. ' ben Sobett bcrlieren. GRAMMATICAL NOTES. Capitals. 1. Every noun, or word used as a noun, begins with a cap- ital : boS jDorf, ber 3llte, ntc^tss ®uteg, baS ©ingen. 2. (a) The pronoun of address, (Sie, and its possessive 3^r, begin with a capital : ®te ^oben ^^r Suc^ tttc^t. (^) In letters all pronouns of address and their posses- sives begin with a capital: ©u fagft, ©U ^tteft ©ettten Sruber gefe^en. 3. (a) Except as the first word in a sentence, the pronoun I does not begin with a capital : ^^c^ tt)ei|, ba| ic^ ntc^tS toet^. (b) Adjectives denoting nationality do not begin with a capital : bag beutfi^e 33oIf. Division into Syllables. 4. At the ends of lines compound words are divided into their component parts: (£(J)tff8»ar3t, bar»auf, OoII^etlben, ge» pflegt. 5. (a) In simple words a single consonant, or a combina- tion denoting a single consonant (c£), flf), ^, ^1), tl)) goes with the following vowel : la^feit, ®tra=|e. Note : ng is separated : gtit=ger. (Ji) Of two or more consonants, only the last goes with the following vowel : SlBaf=fer, ^tioj'=:t3e, Sarp=fen. Note : ft is never separated ; Be=ftc ; tf becomes M, ^adtv. = l^aWcn. Punctuation. As a rule the punctuation is the same in German as in Eng- lish. The following exceptions, however, should be noticed. Ill 1 12 Grammatical Notes 6. In German a comma is required {a) to set off all subordinate clauses : ^6) »ct|, bo^ eS Xoa\]X ift. Qj) as a rule before infinitive phrases; always before inn 5U, ol)ne ju and ju = urn ju : ^i) bin l^ter, urn ju lernen. 7. In German a comma is not required before and after single parentlietical words: ®eiti 33ater aber glaubte eg nt(f)t. His father, however, did not believe it. 8. The hyphen is written thus (=) and is employed to take the place of the suppressed member of a compound : ^ctb' unb ®artenfritcf)te. Note : In ordinary compounds the hyphen is not used : @c^ult)au€. 9. Quotation marks are written thus („ ") : „®uten SJioV' gen," [ogte er. 10. An exclamation point commonly follows {a) a command: l?ommen®ie! ^adebid)! Sluf geftanben ! {b) the address of a letter : gieber S3ater ! ®e'^r ge= e^rter ^err ! The Articles. 11. The definite article is used {a) with the names of days and months : tm ^VXC\, am iUfontog. Note : In these and similar set expressions, usage demands the con- Iraction of the preposition and article: om Sibenb ; gum ctjlen SDJoIe ; jiim Stbcnbcffen, etc. {b) distributively : jftetmal ba8 ^o!cji. {c) instead of a possessive pronoun when no ambiguity can arise. This is usually the case in speaking of parts of the body and of clothing : gr ^at etn SU(^ in ber §anb. (d") with nouns used in a general sense : jDer SWenfdl ift fterbli(^. Grammatical Notes 113 («) with proper names when preceded by adjectives ; >Der fletne 3JJiilter. (/) often, colloquially, with proper names: ^i^ flflte e8 bev §ebW)tg. 12. The indefinite article is not used (a) after neuter verbs with unmodified nouns denoting occupation, religion, or condition : ^6) bin 8e^rer. (sr tft ©tubent. ©r tft 'iproteftant. But (gr tft ein tUcfitiger 8ef)rer. Xouns. 13. After nouns of quantity or measurement, the article measured follows immediately without preposition and with- out case declension : ein @Ia6 48ier ; jltiet STaffen Saffee ; eine aJienge 8eute. Note i : If the noun of quantity or measurement is masculine or neuter, it is always used in the singular : jloei ®(a8 S3ier ; brei ©tiicE ; jiDei gu§ ))ad). Note 2: After BoU (OoHer) the undeclined form is also used: Sin Sorb »oIl Srotd^en. 14. A noun denoting a part of the body, of clothing, or of equipment, if occurring in the same objective relation to each of several subjects, generally stands distributively in the def- inite singular. Cf . lie. @ie fe^ten ben 3t)fi«ber auf . !Die ©olboten nofimen ben §etm ah. 15. The plural of family names is often formed in §, as in English : fto aSten^oIbS tt)ot)nten. Pronouns. 16. Pronouns are used in the gender of the noun to which they refer : ffio ift ber !l)am)3fer ? ^d) f £"^6 t^n. 17. For personal or demonstrative pronouns not referring to person? and governed in the dative or accusative by a prep- 114 Grammatical Notes osition, the German commonly substitutes a compound of ba (before vowels bar*) and the preposition in question : ®tt jTifd) mit ^itc^ent borauf. 18. For interrogative and optionally for relative pro- nouns not referring to persons, a compound of Jtio (before vowels Wov) is substituted : SfBooon fprad^en @ie ? SSon bent SBaU, womit er [piefte. 19. (a) The relative pronoun cannot be omitted : S)er 'tSlann, ben (hielc^en) wir geftetn fallen. T/ie man we saw yesterday. (U) The relative pronouns ber and toelt^er may be used interchangeably except in the genitive case : !Der 3Dfann, ben (tuelc^en) totr ja'^en. "Ber SlfJann, beffen (not toeli^eg) @o^n \d\x [atjen. Note : When the antecedent is a neuter pronoun, an adjective, or a clause, ivaiS is used for ttielc^eS or bo§. SlHeS, WaS ic^ t)atte. Cases. 20. The Genitive is used adverbially to express indefinite time : (Sines 2lbenb§ (abenbs, morgenS, tags, na(|ts). Note i : The English use of the genitive with of is expressed in various ways, for example : The King of Prussia, Ser Sbnig BOtt 5prcu» gen, or ®er preugift^e jfijnig. Generally, however, the genitive case without a preposition may be used: ®te atteil §aufcr ber ©tabt. The old houses of the city. Note 2 : When proper names form the genitive in ' S,' no apostrophe is used: §eine8 Sriefe ; Heine's Letters. 21. The Dative is often used («) instead of the possessive, especially when no am- biguity is possible : (gr "^at ftcEi bag Sein gebroc^en. He has broken his kg. Grammatical Notes 115 3'eber Sa^e [i^t eine Ualje auf bem @ii))t)ans, On each cafs tail sits a cat. {b) After fogctt, jit is used with the dative when the words actually said are quoted ; otherwise the dative without ju is used : ®r fagte 5U mtr : „l?'omTn mit !" (Sr [agte mir, iii) foKe mittommen. ic) As the German denotes the case by the case-ending, it is often not necessary to use the preposition ju : 3:cf) gob eg metnem ©ruber, I gave it to my brother. 22. The Accusative is used : (a) to express definite time or extent of time : 9^ad)fte SBodje ; brei|ig jtage gitlttg. Note : Letters are dated in the accusative : Leipzig, d. 30. Juni 1905. = ben breigigften Sutti. {V) to express extent of spacfe : ein :()aar ©tra^en entfernt. {c) in absolute constructions, really as objects of a verbal form understood : @r fom fierein, bie 5>anb jum ®m|e ouSgeftredt. Verbs. 23. The German has no emphatic or progressive forms corresponding to the English, I do go or I am going. i I go. ( I went. ^(i) ge^e = \l do go. ^^ gtng =\l did go. ( / am going. ( / was going. 24. The passive is less used in German than in English. Instead of it may be used : (a:) the constructive with man : man fagt, = it is said. 116 Grammatical Notes (f) the reflexive : eS ftnbet [tc^ bort, // is found there. 25. The present tense is often used : {a) for the English future : ajjorgen finb totr in Hamburg, To-morrow we shall be in Hamburg, (b) for the Enghsh perfect, where the verbal action still continues : 9Bte lange finb ©ie in ^Berlin ? Ifow long have you been in Berlin 1 26. The future and future perfect are used sometimes to express conjecture or probability : @r trirb teo^t oft benfen = \ ^ '^'"'^"''' ''■^''" ^'''"'''- ( lie must often thmk. er toirb Wot)t oft geboc^t Ijaben = \ ^' '*"^'^''" "^'"^ '^'''^^'- ( He must often have thought. 27. In conversation the perfect is often used instead of the more formal preterit : §eute bin \&) urn a(^t ge!ommen. Note : As a rule the perfect gives the simple statement of a fact, the report of an occurrence ; the preterit is used in narrative style in telling about an event or relating a story. 28. The imperative is often expressed by (a) the infinitive : auffte^en! Get up l {U) the perfect participle : Stufgeftonben ! Get up/ 29. The infinitive is often used in a passive sense. yi\i\i?> me^r war ju beforgen, Nothing more was to be attended to. Note : The use of ju with the infinitive in German corresponds as s Grammatical Notes 117 rule to the practice in English. After all modal auxiliaries ju is omitted. Sd) tuiinM)e jit gcljen. Sdj luiU ge^en. 30. The chief uses of the subjunctive, and those to which nearly all minor uses may be referred, are : I. The subjunctive in indirect discourse (cf. (a) below) : §err S. faqte, ba^ e§ tta^r fet. II. The subjunctive in conditions contrary to fact (cf. (p) below) : ffienn id) ®elb ^atte, fo ginge ii^. (a) After verbs of saying, thinking, asking, and the like, the indirect statement is usually put into the subjunctive. After a present tense, however, or when the statement is conceded, the indicative is often used. The present and future tenses of the original speaker are rendered by the present and future tenses of the subjunctive ; any past tense of the speaker, by the perfect subjunctive. Note i. If the present subjunctive form is not distinguishable from the indicative, or the perfect subjunctive form from the perfect indica- tive, the preterit subjunctive is used in the one case, the pluperfect in the other. Note 2. Especially in Northern Germany, the preterit and pluper- fect subjunctive are often used instead of present and perfect subjunc- tives, and the present conditional for the future. EXAMPLES. Direct Discourse. Indirect Discourse, ^61, ^t)itrbe id) gegangen fein. Note i : The condition may be understood and only the conclusion expressed : 3[Bte f(f)on more bag ! SBic fc^on roiirbe bas fein ! Note 2 : The conclusion may be understood and only the condition expressed : SBenn ii^ nitv reid) locive ! (fo Ware ic^ gliicfttc^.) 31. (a) When the perfect or pluperfect of a modal auxil- iary is accompanied by the infinitive of another verb, the past participle of the modal auxiliary assumes the form of an in finitive : Qd) ^abe gelotint, / Aave been able. but ^i) f)abe get)eil tBimen, I have been able to go. (p) After a modal auxiliary an adverb or adverbial prefix or phrase is often used without the dependent verb of motion : ^i) \d\\\ mtt = ^^ \M inttgef)ett. 32. The English present participle can seldom be ren- dered by the corresponding present participle in German : It is usually replaced by : {a) the finite verb in a co-ordinate clause, if the participial idea is as important as that contained in the verbf @r ftanb bo unb fa^ ben Snabeti on, He stood there looking at the boy. (b) The finite verb in a subordinate clause, introduced by Grammatical Notes 119 a conjunction such as aU, na^bent, tnbent, ioaffxen'b, in ex pressing adverbial relations of time, cause or manner : „^roftt ! grid)," fogte td^, itibem icf) metTt ®M erI)ob. ^'' Prosit Erich 1" T said, li/ti?ig my glass. Snbent ic^ |offe, ©ie Balb ju fetjen, Hoping to see you soon. (c) A relative clause. !Der §err, ber ouf bem 53a[)nftetg fte^t. The man standing on the platform. (d) An adjective. Straurtg itber fetnen aSerluft ging er noi^ §aufe. Ife went home mourning his loss. (e) The infinitive : Qd) \ai) ii)n lomnten, I saw him coming. (/) The past participle : !S)a8 ^Hnb totn gelaufen, the child came running, (g) A noun : bag ©ingen bon Siebern, the singing 0/ songs. Word Order. The Finite Verb. 33, There are three kinds of word order : normal, invert- ed, and transposed, according to the relative position of the finite verb and its subject. In the following the term " verb " refers to the inflected, personal verb, i.e., the verb itself in simple tenses, and the auxiliary in compound tenses. The term " subject " includes the subject and its modifiers. Note. In a compound sentence the main clause has only normal or inverted order, the dependent clause, as a rule, the transposed order. Accordingly the student should analyze compound sentences before translating, so as to be sure which is the main and which the subor- dinate clause. 120 Grammatical Notes 34. The normal order : The verb follows the subject im- mediately. This is used in (a) independent, declarative sentences : ' @r !am geftern. ©er SKann, ben id) '^eute fa^, ift gefterti gefomtnett. (Ji) Interrogative sentences beginning with a subject pro- noun : SBer ift ber mam? 35. The inverted order : The verb precedes the subject. This is used (a) When any element other than the subject begins the sentence. This element may be a single word, a phrase, or a clause. ©eftern lam er. 3lu8 biefem ©udie lann ic^ tit^tS lerneti. 31I§ er !am, iDor e§ ju f^iftt. Note i. Uiib, benii, ober, o6er, fonbern, aUein, do not cause inver- sion or transposition, for they are co-ordinating conjunctions, and really connect two sentences in the normal order : (gr lam gejlertl nac^ ^aujc, obcr jcin greunb font nid)t mit. Note 2. Parenthetical and exclamatory words like niitttlili^, boii^, \a, nein, likewise do not cause inversion : (gt ifl ttidjt ^ier. ®od), et fam geftern. ^ommft bii ntit ? 3a, li) fomme. (J>) In independent questions, except those beginning with a subject pronoun (cf. 34 b) : Sam er geftern ? ^\i er geftern gefommen ? (<•) To express a condition when toenn is omitted : Sommt er I)eute, fo fe^e id) il^n. (d") In imperative sentences : Sefen sl-^sg-S-a ^ . - t -S c •S § « « 22 « CV. gs§| -Si «3 S o tl> u p: oj u a> a> C33 vO <35 CS3 o C5 >0 C35 C33 e C35 s2 C35 C35 oT i^ (35 «i^ _«i CS5 o p o ."f* *^ '^ -*•' ,-*-* <1> :-» "■* ,-*-• QJ W >l« 3 ^ o o 2 3 2 "S^ S o g 2 <) -l-< L. » U. fS -4-t t^ £5 u — P +- -*-» -4-» -*_t -«-».*-».*-» .4-^ .(-» -t-t Sf ^ >S~'^ ^g" >S~^ ^ >s~ ^ il C P s S S i= ■« "« "s 8 fl;B 3 fti S JO .5 1 s?^ g^ S?^ g- ^i g- s S JO .o p « .2; .21 ri JO JO jO S «3 -2i -^ c- .o JO JO B > .5 s s %. g iS- "^ S~ ,:E- s Is g 3^ '- — :r3 »*— »*— O :3 *— 4* Ei 'C «> en K u— <3s «i, ci d ** ^ o ■5 .=:«■ S JO "iS^ S JO vr- r5" l-^-t # |rf| s 3-* gS-^ S! t « ** JO {§ S ^ S i ^ il« ^ « s 1 ^-sl-i^ 3 ifa S' % -5 ff S ^ ^e?-^.«oe:) t 'ai C35 fi .2- S IBmiOH P3;J3AQI pssodsnejx Grammatical Notes 127 Words likely to cause confusion. 49. (a) Even where the words are separated, «o/ a («(7/a«j') = tcin, not ntdjt ciii ; noi anything = nt^t§, not ntii^t cttttaS. He did not have a farthing, (gr ^tte feitten §et(er. Have you not heard anything of him ? §oben ®te vX6)t% oon i^m geljort ? (b) Himself, lierself etc. ^ fclbft (or fcl6cr), in an emphat- ic sense. This woid is indechnable, and the same form is used with all numbers and cases : 3}?ein greunb tear felbft bafcet. ^\janf, -(c)8, thanks. banfeit {w. dat.), thank. bniin, adv., then. batauf, adv., thereupon. bor=fteIIen, portray, represent. bie ^arftetlung, — , -en, presenta- tion, representation. ba^, conj., that, in order that. ba8 Sed, -(e)8, -e, deck, ber 2)edel, -8, — , lid, cover. bet Segen, -8, — , swol-d, warrior, hero. beintg, yours ; bie ©cintflen, your family. benteil,* think, suppose ; fid) {dat.) — , imagine, tas ©enfntol, -(e)8, -^er or -e, monument. [now. betttt, few;'., for, because laf^j/., then, ber, bie, boS, def. art., the ; dem^ pron. or adj., this, that, he, she, it ; rel. pron., who, which, what. berfelfie, biefelbe, ba;$fe(be, dem. pron. or adj., the same. beS^alb, adv., therefore. befto, cf. \t. beittfli), adj., German ; m. or f. as noun, German ; neut. sg. as noun, German (language) ; auf — , in German. ba8 35eutfr!^Ianb, -(e)8, Germany. ber SejeittJcr, -8 or — , — , De- cember. ' [ed. btli^t, adj., close ; — Befc^t, crowd- ber 2)i(i^ter, -8, — , poet. bicf, adj., stout. btbof 'tif^, adj., didactic. bieneit (w. dat.), serve. ber SiengtOB, -(e)8, -e, Tuesday. ba« Sienftmobii^en, -8, — , maid. biefer, biefe, biefeg or bie§, dem. pron. oradj.,this, that, the latter. bieSmal, adv., this time. ba8 2>tttnt', -(e)8, -e, dictation, bas ^iii9, -(e)8, — e, thing. birelt', adj., direct. bibtbie'ren, divide. bo^, conj. or adv., yet, but, any- way. ber ©of'tor, -8, -to'reit, doctor. ber ®orn, -(e)8, -en (or -c or -^er), thorn. bort, adv., there. S)i;., abbrev.for Sottor, doctor. brama'tifd), adj., dramatic. bre^en, turn, invert ; fid) — , turn. bretfjig, num. adj., thirty. bretge^U, num. adj., thirteen. bretge^nt, num. adj., thirteenth. britt, num. adj., third. brol^en, threaten. bie j)r»ft^le, — , -n, cab. briibeil, over there, across the sea. bll, pers, pron., thou, you. biimm (*er, "fi), adj., stupid. bum))f, adj., dull, low. bunfcl, adj., dark ; ®untle8, dark colored beer. buutelbrauit, adj., dark brown. bur^, prep. {w. ace), or sep. or in- Sep. pre/., through, during. ftd) burc^'braugen, crowd through, press through. burii^niip, part, adj., wet through. bilrfeil,* may, can, be permitted. 136 German-English Vocabulary ber 2)ttirft, -e«, thirst, bag Jiu^enb, -8, -e, dozen. @ eben, ««%/., now, just now, just. ebeufo, adv., as, just as, just so. ec^t, adj., genuine. bie @de, — , -n, comer. C^C, conj.i before. ber S^c^crr, -n, -en, husband. bie Sigenft^nft, — , -en, nature, attribute. eigentlict), adv., really. baS (Silan)), -(e)8, -e, island, bie @i(e, — , haste; ill otter — , quickly. eitcn (fein or ^aben), hasten. ein, eiltC, etn, indef. art., num. adj., or indef. pron., a, an, one ; jo — , such a. eiltanber, recip. fron., each other, one another, ber @tttiltU(f, -(e)8, ^e, impression. ciltfai^, adj., simple, informal ; — e ga^rtorte, single-trip ticket. eiu=fo^rcn* (iein), come in. CtU=ftec^teit,* introduce, bring in, interweave. etllig, adj., united, some. bie @tuigmtg, — , -eii, unification. ci)t=fe^ren (jcin), put up at. ein=laiien,* invite. bie (Sinlnbung, — , -en, invitation. bie Siitleitung, — , -en, introduc- tion. eittmal', adv., just, even. tin' mat, adv., one time, once. ettt^^intfen, pack. etn^Tti^ten, arrange. etltsi, num., one, one o'clock. ein=f(iftlafen* (fein), go to sleep. eiltft, adv., once. ein=fteiflen* (fein), get aboard. ein=t»etcn* ((ein), enter. eilljetn, adj., single. eiit=5te5eii,* haul in. ei§, -e8, ice. ber Sifenbo^nSeontte {adj. inji.\ railway-employee. ber (Stfeuba^nniageu, -8, — , car. ba8 Element', -(e)8, -e, element, elf^uttbert Bierjig, iho- bie S'tteirtt (only inplur.), parents. em^^fnnflen,* receive. ba8 ®in})foil(J§Stminer, -8, — , re- ception room, parlor. ber @mtifel)lttnji§6rief, -(e)8, -e, letter of recommendation (intro- duction). empar=ragen, rise. baS 6iibe, -8, -n, end. Cltbliii^, adv., at length, at last. eng, adj., narrow. bo8 Snglnnb, -(e)8, England. englift^, adj., English. ftc^ entfernen, to withdraw. cnffernt, part, adj., distant. ba8 @ntgegenfamntctt, -8, interest, kind treatment. cittgcgneit, reply. fli^ eittfc^itegen,* determine, de cide. cntfdjulbigett, pardon, excuse. CUijitdcil, charm. CV, pers. pron., he, it. ba8 (Srbarmen, -8, pity. crbltden, see, catch sight of. bie @vbe, — , -n, earth, world. erfa^reit,* leam. ber @rfD(g, -(e)8, -e, success. erfreueu, delight, please. German-English Vocabulary 137 etgeben, part, adj., devoted ; 3f|r — cr, yours respectfully ; — ft, adv., most respectfully. erl)0(ten*, to receive, obtain. bie Srinnecuitg, — , -eu, memory. ettenneit*, recognize, know. ertldren^ explain, declare. eriangeit, obtain. erfnuben {dat. ofpers), permit. etnft, adj., earnest. erreiii^en, attain. emc^ten, erect, build. erf e^ollen* {or weak) (f ein), resound. erf^etnen* (fein), appear, come. crf(^(afleit,*kiii. etft, adj., first ; adv., only, not un- til. etftaunt, part, adj., astonished, amazed. erfuii^en, beg, request. ertoiiiein, answer, return. ertoiinf^t, part, adj., desired, wished for. erjii^Iett, relate, tell, tell a story. effeii,* eat. bo8 @ffen, -8, food, meal. bte @tage [g = « in azure] i — , -n, story, floor. ettva, adv., about. ettOaS, indef. pron. or adv., some- thing, some. ebongelifdft, adj., evangelical. etientUeU', possibly, eventually. bie ©j^iebitton', — , -en, office. fo^rcn,* intr. (fein), go, travel; tr., drive, bie gal^rlorte, — , -it, railway ticket. ber gaI)r<)lon, -(e)8, ^e, time-table, bie go^rt, — , -en, trip, ride, ber gall, -(e)8, ^e, case. faUS, conj., if, in case. biegomt'Ue [ie = je], — ,-n,family. bev gomilienonfc^lufe, -ffe8, ^ffe, family intimacy. b08 gofe, -ffe8, "ffer, keg, barrel, cask. bie gaffa'be, — , -n, fayade, front. fnft, adv., almost. ber $attt))e(s, -e8, -e, lazy-bones. ber ^inb, -(e)8, -e, foe. ba8 jjcitfter, -8, — , window, port- hole. fern, adj., distant; -er ©tel^enbe, more distant acquaintances. bie jjerne, — , -n, distance. ba8 gernro^r, -(e)8, -e, telescope. ferttg, adj., done, finished. feft, adj., firm. feft=5oHen,* hold fast, bie f^ibelitiit, informal part of stu- dent meeting. bie iJtgttj;', — , -en, figure. finbeu,* find ; fief) — , be, be found. ba8 gif^erioot, -(e)8, -e or "e, fishing boat. flattern, intr., wave, flutter. flitc^ten, flee ; ftd) — , retreat, take refuge, ber fjlur, -(e)8, -e, hall, corridor, ber gittft, -ffe8, ^ffe, stream, river, ber jjln^iouf, -(e)8, -e, course (of a river), bie golge, — , -n ; — leificn, accept. folgen {w. dat), (fein), follow. folgenb, part, adj., following. folgeitbcrino^en, adv., as follows. b08 JJort \French pron.}, -8, -8, fort. 138 • German-English Vocabulary fort=fo^ren* (fein or f)aben), con- tinue. fort=re6en, live on. bcr gortfiiftritt, -(e)8, -e, progress. forttvii^reub, adv., continually. fott=jieI)en* (ieiu), to go forth. bie garage, — , -n, question. fragcit, ask, inquire. bet (^ranjo'fe, -n, -n, Frenchman ; //»., French. fronjB'fi^, adj., French. bie %VWX, — , -en, woman, wife; Mrs. bo8 f^riiuleitt, -8, — , maid, young lady, Miss. fret, adj., free, unoccupied, va- cant. freffeit,* eat (of animals). bie ^reube, — , -n, joy, pleasure. freuen, Ir., to delight, please ; '\\i) — , rejoice, be glad, ber ^teunb, -(e)8, -e, friend. freunblit^, adj., cordial, kind, cheerful. bie Urettltblid)lcit, — , -en, kind- ness. bie JJreunbfi^oft, — , -en, friend- ship. frift^, adj., fresh. fromm, adj., pious, good, kind. fruc^tbot!, adj., fruitful. f rij^, adj., early ; -et, adv. {comp), formerly. ber Su^§, -eg, -^e, fox, freshman. fii^llcn, feel. fii^ien, lead, conduct. filHen, fill. filnf, num. adj., five. fUnfjig, num. adj., fifty. fnngie'ren, act. fnr^tbar, adj., fearful, frightful. , filrlieb', adv; — ne^men, put up with things, make shift. bte @obe, — , -n, gift. bie @a6el, — , -n, fork. gonj, adj., whole, all, entire; — nnb gat, entirely. got, adv.; — nid^t, not at all; — feltlom, very peculiar. bie @aff e, — , -n, lane, alley, street. bet @aft, -(e)8, -"C, guest, patron. ba8 ©aft^auS, -e8, ^et, hotel, inn. bet ©oftftof, -(e)8, ^e, hotel. gebSren,* bear. baS (Sebftube, -8, — , building. gebett,* give; eg gifit, there is, there are. tia8 ©ebiet, -(c)8, -e, territory. gebilbet, part, adj., educated, cul- tured. %t^i.for geboren, part, adj., born, nee. bag ©ebiifiift, -e8, -e, coll., bushes. ba8 (Sebfit^tmS, -niffeg, -ntffe, memory, mind. gee^rt, part, adj., honored; -e gtait {in letters). Dear Madam. geffi^rlili^, adj., dangerous. gcfoHen,* {w. dat.) please. gefiiUtg, adj., pleasing, desired. gegen, prep. w. ace., to, toward; adv., about, gegenflber, /?-«?>. (w. dat.), opposite to, in relation to. bag ®ii\ait, -(e)g, -^et, salary. ge^en* (fein), go; ^od) — , be rough (of the sea) ; 2Bie ge^t eg 3i()nen? How do you do ? bet ©e^rocE, -(e)8, h, frock-coat. German-English Vocabulary . 139 bcr ®eift, -e8, -er, spirit. ba8 (Selb, -(e)8, -er, money, bie (JJelegeu^eit, — , -en, oppor- tunity, occasion. gellenb, fart, adj., shrill. getteit,* pass for, be considered. bie @ema^Itn, — , -ncn, wife; grau — , wife. ba? (Semilt, -(e)8,-er, heart, mind, disposition. gemiitli(^, adj., cosy, comfortable, at one's ease. genau, adj., exact, detailed. geneigt, part, adj., inclined, pro- pitious. ber (general', -(e)8, -e, general. genug, adj., enough. bo8 ®e|)iief, -{e)8, -e, baggage, luggage. ber ®e))oiftomn, -(e)8, ^e, baggage- room. ber ®epii(ftr89er, -8, — , porter. gerobc, adj., straight; adv., just; — au8, straight ahead. ba8 ®ertcftt, -(e)8, -e, dish. gertng, adj., slight, unimportant. ber ®ermane, -n, -n, ancient Ger- man, Teuton. ger«(e), adv. (fieber, am lieBftcn), gladly, willingly ; — ^obeil, like; — leteit, like to read. ber ®ef(i)aft§firicf, -(p)8, -f, busi- ness letter. [tive. gefdjoftSfJl^renb, j*fl?-A adj., execu- gefdieieit* fleiti), happen, bie ®ef ^iiiite, — , -n, story, history, bas @efi(f|t, -(e)8, -er, face. gefponnt, part, adj., eager ; — ouf, curious about, eager to meet, bie (iieftttit, — , -en, shape, form. geftotten (.dat. of pen), permit. getoii^ren, grant, allow. getvaltig, adj., great, powerful. ba8 (Sewfiffer, -8, — , water. bos @ettiid|t, -(e)8, -e, weight. getvi^, adj., certain; adv., cer- tainly, to be sure. geWiiftnUl^, adj., ordinary. ba8 ®lBe, -e8, "er, glass. g(att, adj., smooth. gtaubcn, believe, suppose. gtctii^, adj., equal, same ; adv., im- mediately. ba8 %\M, -(e)8, fortune, good-luck. gliitflid^, adj., happy, fortunate, successful, safe, pleasant. ber ©JiictttlUttf^, -eg, "e, congratu- lation, good wish. bte (Sitabe, — , -n, grace, clemency. bie ©oet^eauggntie, — , -n, edition of Goethe's works. ba8 @0lb, -(e)8, gold. gramma'tif^, adj., grammatical. ba8 ®iai?, -e8, "er, grass. grauen, grow gray. bie ©reilge, — , -n, boundary. grofi (grower, grogt), adj., great, large, tall. grofiorttg, adj., magnificent, bie ©to^ftobt, — . "e, large city. griin, adj., green, bie (Srup^ie, — , -it, group, ber %X\\% -C8, "e, greeting, regards. gutfen, peep. giittig, adj., valid, good. gut (beffer, bcff), adj., good, adv., well ; very well. ba8 @ut, -(e)8, "er, possession, property. [car. ber ©iitcrwngen, -8, — , freight- ber QMtterpg, -(e)8, "e, freight/ 140 German-English Vocabulary gittigfi, adv., most kindly, gutmiitig, adj., good-natured. l)o« ®t)mno'fium, -8, O^mnaften, gymnasium = (high-school). ba8 ^oor, -(e)8, -e, hair. ^aSen,* have. bev $ofe«, -8, ^ harbor. ^a(6, o<^'. »>• ai^w., half; — Bier, half past three; — jWblf, half past eleven. ^Olfitjergeifeit, :/>art. adj., half for- gotten. gotten,* hold, stop, keep. bie $anb, — , "e, hand; Bor ber — , for the present. (flC^) ^onbeln, act, treat (of), be about. ber ^anbloffer, -8, — , hand-bag, valise. ^OltttO'Berfc^, adj., Hanoverian. ^avt, adj., hard. ber ^atj, -e8, the Harz Moun- tains. ber $ofe, -n, -it, hare. ber 4aufe(n), -n8, -n, heap, pile. ^(tufig, adj., frequent. bie ^au^jteigenfi^Bft, — , -en, chief characteristic. ba8 ^auS, -e8, ^er, house ; ju -e, at home, ber ^ouShte^t, -(e)8, -e, hosi«r, boots, servant in hotel, ber ^auSmann, -(c)8, "er, janitor, bie ^auStiir, — , -en, street door, front door. ba8 ^eer, -(e)8, -e, army, bie ^ecreSmofi^t, — , "^t, anuy, troops. ^eilig, adj,, sacred, holy. bie J^eimat, — , -en, home native place, bie ^eimotftabt, — , ^e, native city, ^eig, adj., hot. jet^en,* intr., to be called or named ; ba8 ^eifet, that is. fetter, adj., cheerful, ber ^elb, -en, -en, hero. ^ett, adj., bright, light; §eUe8, light-colored beer. ^erouf=jolen, bring up. ^eranS-fommen * (fein), come out. ^erein^faKen* (fein), "bite," be caught. (eretn^fommen * (fein), come in. i^er^fammen * (iein), come, ber ^err, -n, -en, gentleman. Sir, Mr. ^errli^, splendid, magnificent. ^eriiber^f^aUen* (or weak) (je.in), echo over. ^erBor=fr^tBonfen (fein), stagger forward. bo8 ^erj, -en8, -en, heart. ^Crjli^, adj., cordial, hearty. ^eulen, howl. petite, adv., to-day. l^etttig, adj., to-day's ; ber -e Zog, this (very) day. ^ier, adv., here, now. ^terBei, adv., in this connection. l^terburi^, adv., by this (letter). ^tertU, adv., in this. ^termit, adv., with this, ber ^immel, -8, — , heaven, sky. ^in, adv. and sep. pref.; — unb ^er, to and fro. Ijtnauf, adv. and sep. pref ., up. ^tnanf^fii^ten, lead up. German-English Vocabulary 141 ^inauf^Iauf en * (fein), run up. ^tnauf^ftetgen* (fein), climb, go up. ^inau§=gel)en * (fein), go out. ^in=ae]^ett*(jcin), go. ^!n=fel)en,* look over. ^inter, prep, and Kisep. pref., be- hind. ^injlbet^fe^en*, look over. ^tnmiter=Ittufcii* (jein), run down. ^inunter^fd^ideu, send down. ^iiijn'fiigen, add. ber ^itt, -en, -en, shepherd. ^0-^ (^o^cr, l)bd^ft), adj., high ; adv., ^bc^ft, highly, very. bic ^Oli^ad^tUllf), — , esteem. l^OI^aC^tmtgStlDlI, adj., very re- spectfully. ^Offeit, hope. bcr ^o^enfttttt'fc, -n, -n. The Hohenstaufen (ruler). ^Olcn, get, fetch, come for. pljetrtt, adj., wooden. ^iiren, listen, hear. baS ^of^Jtj', -e8, -e, hospice, inn. ba8 ^OttV, -8, -8, hotel. ^iififli^, adj., pretty, charming. ber ^iJBel, -8, — , hill. ^unbert, hundred. bet ganger, -8, hunger. ^nr'ro or ^vaxa', interj., hurrah; as neut. noun, shout, cheering. ic^, pers. pron., I. i^r, poss. adj., her, their, its. S^r, your. iminatrtfttlie'ren, matriculate ; ftd^ — taffen, matriculate, enter uni- versity. intmer, adv., always ; — bunllcr, darker and darker, more and more dark. impPttie'renb, part, adj., imposing, impressive. in, prep. {vi. dat. or ace), in, into, at, to, on, with. inbent, conj., while, as. bie 3nfel, — , -n, island. ba8 ^nferat, -(e)8, -e, advertise- ment. ttttereffant', adj., interesting. ftc!^ intewffie'ren, interest oneself, take an interest. ingWifliften, adv., meanwhile. jtt, adv., yes, indeed j — M)o{|l, yes indeed. bie 3oflb, — , -en, hunt. ber Sfiger, -8, — , hunter. ba8 3tt^r, -(e)8, -e, year. ber Sa^reSwet^fel, -8, — , new year. ba8 ^a^rljunbett, -(c)8,-e, century, ber Sfonnar, — or -(e)8, -e, Janu- ary. je, adv., ever; — ... bcflo, the more . . . the more. jeber, jebe, jebeS, adj. or pron., each, every. jeboii^', however. je^t, adv., now, then. iung (^er, "ft), adj., young, ber 3nnt, -(8), -(8), June, ber Sttnimorgen, -«, — , June morning. ber ffoffee, -8, coffee. 142 German-English Vocabulary ber Sal, -?, -8, quay, pier. bcr jiaifer, -«, — , emperor. tie ^ttjtt'te, — , -n, cabin. bcr ^auaC, -8, (English) Channel. bic Sano'nt, — , -n, cannon. ber San^lct, -8, — , chancellor. ber ^o^ihiin', -8, -e, captain. bie Sortof fel, — , -n, potato. bie Sa^t, — , -It, cat. lattfen, buy. laitm, adv., hardly, scarcely. fettt, letne, leilt, ad/., no, not a, not. ber ^eUev, -8, — , cellar. ber Sellner, -8, — , waiter. lennen,* know; — lernen, be- come acquainted vfith. bie SivtSit, — , -tt, church. ber fftrii^turm, -(e)8, 'e, church- tower. Hot, adj., clear. bie ^loffe, — , -tt, class. ba8 ^labier', -(e)«, -c, piano. ba8 ^letb, -(,e)S, -er, dress, cloth- ing. bie ^(eibung, — , -en, clothing. flein, ad;'., small, little. flingelit, ring. berSIofitertor=a3o^nI)of, Klostertor Station, bcr Suffer, -8, — , trunk. totniffi^, adf., comical, ludicrous. ba8 Somiiee', -8, -8, committee. bie Sommon'bobriitfe, — , -n, bridge (on a vessel). fomtnen * (fettt), come, ber Uomponi^t', -en, -en, composer, ber ffSnig, -(e)8, -e, king. bo8 SBniBSttiort, -(e)8, -c, king's word. fiintlCtt,* mod. aux., can, be able. ba8 Sol)f!tffeit, -8, — , pillow, ber fforb, -(c)8, "e, basket. bie Sroft, — , -"C, strength. friiftig, adj., strong, good, ber SrciS, -e8, -e, circle. freujen, cruise, bcr Srieg, -(e)8, -e, war. friegen, get, receive. ba8 fitieflSfC^iff, -(e)8, -C, man-of war. btc ^rone, — , -n, crown. ber Srug, -(e)8, "-t, pitcher, mug. " stein." bie Sitc^e, — , -n, kitchen. fii^f, adj., cool. fii^Ieu, v., cool. fii^ll, adj., bold, startling. bo8 ^urS6ttC^, -(e)8, ''cr, time-table railway-guide. lurj, adj., short. ber fhtg, -ffc6, "ffc, kiss, bie Rilfte, — , -n, coast. bcr ^tfli^er, -8, — , coachman, driver. 8 liii^eln, smile. liili^elnb, part, adj., smiling. (ad^en, laugh. ba8 finger, -8, — , camp. bag fionb, -(e)8, ^er, land. (ottben (|ein), land. bie Sanbttng, — , -en, landing. ber £anbung§;)Ia^, -ti, ^e, wharf, landing-place, dock. Iniig, adj., long. range, adv., long, for a long time. bie fiiinge, — , -n, length ; ber — nod), at full length. (angfam, adj., slow. laffen,* leave, permit, have. German-English- Vocabulary 143 Me Soft, — , -en, load, burden. laufen* (|etn, sometimes l)aben), run. lout, adj., loud. tauten, run, read. lailtClt, ring ; eg IfiUtet, the bell is ringing. (cbcn, live, (cbeu'big, adj., active, lively. Dfi- fiefieu^juiert, -(e)8, -e, purpose of life, object of life. ICjjen, place, lay. tier ficl^rer, -8, — , teacher. Ictt^t, adj., easy, soft. Da8 Seih, -(e)8, sorrov? ; eS tut mir teib, I am sorry. (ctbcr, adv., unfortunately, I am sorry to say. Set))jigcr, inded. adj., of {or for) Leipzig. Icife, adj., soft; adv., in a low tone, softly. Ictften, do, accomplish. Icriieit, learn; !cnnen — , become acquainted with. tcfCIt,* read, (e^t, adj., last, final. bag iieuc^tfc^iff, -(e)8, -e, light- ship. Mc fieitte, pl., people. Ii:6, adj., dear. C.Cbcit, love. ncieuStVUtbig, adj., amiable, gra- cious, lovely. i)ie Ste6en§tt)iirbiflleit, — , -en, kindness, amiability. Ucgeit,* lie, be. (inig, adv., at the left ; jur Sinleu, on the left hand. bie fitterotntr', — , -en, literature, ber Siiffel, -8, — , spoon. fogic'ren (g = » in azure), lodge, stay, bie Spfomott'tie, — ,-n, locomotive (iifetl, solve ; buy (a ticket), bie Soft, — , -^c, air, breeze. m. = 5!«arf. ntac(|eit, make, do; eine 3iet(e — . take a trip, bie SRoc^t, — , ^e, power. ntiil^ttg, adj., powerful, mighty. ba8 5!)Job(^eii, -8, — , girl. ntoljlen,* grind. majeftii'tif^, adj., majestic. ntol, adv., time(s), sometimes, just. ba8 aWot, -e8, -e, time. ntolertfd), adj., picturesque. mOU, indef. pron., one, some one, they. ntoni^, adj., many, many a, some ; -e8, many things, some things. bet SRoon, -(e)8,^er, man, husband. ba8 9Ror(i^en, -8, — , fairy-tale, story. bie aWort, — , mark; 2 SKatt 50, 2 marks and 50 pfennigs. bet 9Rot:{tf)(o^, -e6, -^e, market- place. bie Snofd^t'tte, — , -n, machine, type-writer. bet SRofd^iuift', -en, -en, engineer. bet 9Koft, -e8, -en, mast. bet SMotrofe, -n, -n, sailor. ba8 SKeer, -(e)8, -e, sea, ocean. Itte^V, adv., more, any longer. ntein, nteine, ntetit, adj., my. ntCtlietWegeu, adv., for all I care. meinen, think, say. [will. bie 9Jleinung, — , -en, opinion. 144 German-English Vocabulary meift, adj. {superl. ofxAtX), most, bic dJteilge, — , -n, large number, crowd, ber 9Rcufd), -en, -en, man, human being. metif^ciml)nli^, adj., human. nterfcit, notice, observe. ba« SWeffer, -8, — , knife, bie SRtene, — , -n, mien. nttnu§, adv., less, minus. bic 9)Unu'te, — , -n, minute, mo- ment. ntit, prep. (w. dat.), or sep. pref., with, in ; adv., in addition; along. bas aMitglieb, -(e)8, -er, member. mtt^fliltden, send with or along. mit=feniien,* send with or along, ber 3Ritto9, -(e)8, -e, midday, noon. mtt=tei(en, inform {dat. of pers.). bos 9Rittc(a(ter, -8, Middle Ages. ber 9WttteH)untt, -(e)8, -e, center. mitten, adv., in the middle; — burc^, straight through. ntiJgen,* mod. aux., may, like, be able, can. tniiglid), adj., possible, extreme; alle8 — c, every possible thing, ber Woxiai, -(e)8, -c, month. ntorgett, adv., to-morrow, ber SJorgen, -8, — , morning. bie aKorflenbontmermtB, — , -cti, dawn, bie SHojortftingc, — , Mozart Street. mitbe, adj., tired, bie SRit^re, — , -n, mill. ber aWimftetlt, -(e)8, -e, mill-stone, ber SSWitUer, -8, — , miller. miinben, empty, bie JSRiinbung, — , -en, mouth. ba8 SRufe'iim, -8, SKufeen, museum bic ajlufif, — , music, band. jniiffeil,* mod. aux., must, be nec- essary ; be compelled, have to. bic aWiitje, — , -n, cap. nnclj, prep {w daL), also sep. pref , Eifter, behind, to, towards; — unb — , one by one, gradually. nad|bem, conj., after. linc^=frO!ieit, inquire. nnifl^er, adv., subsequently. nad^^mndjcn, imitate, ber !Wn(i^mittog, -(e)8, -e, after- noon ; -?, in the afternoon. bie Siat^ri^t, — . -en, news, piece of information. nai^ft, adj., superl. of nQ^(e), next, bie SJaiiftt, — , "c, night, ber 9Jo^tifli^, -e8, dessert, ber 9!a(feit, -8, — , neck, back. no^(e) (nof)er, nad^ft), adj., near, close, bie 9Jfil)e, — , -n, vicinity. ba8 97(i^ere (adj inflect), details, particulars. nijljer=treten * (fcin), approach, come in. bic 97a^rmtg, — , nourishment, food. namettiS, adv., by name. niiinttli^, adv., namely. ba8 SKottOUal'gebi^t, -(e)8, -e, na- tional poem. bie SWotur', — , -en, nature. ba8 Watnr'finb, -(e)8, -er, child of nature. ber SJntur'finn, -(c)8, feehng foi nature. German-English Vocabulary 145 nat&x'liiSt, adj., natural; adv., of course, bet SBeffe, -n, -n, nephew. nelimett,* take, get. nennen,* name. baS Jieft, -(«)*/ -et, nest, little town. Itett, adj., nice, pleasant. bo8 9le^, -e8, -e, net, rack. neitgtcrig, adj., curious. neunjifl, ninety. ntd^t, «Io^li(ift, adj., sudden. ))Iump, adj., awkward. JlIuS, adv., plus. ber *^5orttcr' {French Jiron.), -9, -8, porter, clerk, tie ifoft, — , -en, post-office, mail, bie ^oftioTte, — , -n, postal card. ))0fUageTnb, part, adj., poste res- tante, general delivery. ftrai^ttg, adj., beautiful, fine. bic ^oiSbamevftrage, — , Potsdam Street. )>rad)tt)0ll, adj., splendid, fine. ))l'aftifl^, adj., practical, conve- nient. bie !^reiSanf|afie, — , -n, statement of prices, price, ber ^retSunterfc^ieb, -(c)«, -e, difference in price. ^rimttit)', adj., primitive. ber Sgrofef for, -8, -o'rcn, profes- sor. ba8 ilJrontena'benberf, -(e)8, -e, promenade deck. ))ri)ftt, interj., your health. <)iinltli(i^, prompt. ber 'Sit&e.iV, -(e)8, discount. ba8 gtatljauS, -e8, ^er, city hall. ba8 iHatfet, -8, — , riddle. tOttI), adj., rough, wild. rec^t, adj., right ; adv., quite, very ret^tS, adv., at the right; 3Ur SRet^ ten, on the right hand. rege, adj., lively, active. refllien, rain. reilt, adj., pure, clean, bie 9Jeife, — , -n, journey, trip; auf ber — , while traveling, for traveling; gliitftie^e — ^, pleasant journey, bon voyage. bie SReifebede, — , -n, traveling- blanket, steamer-nig. ba8 iHeifeerlebttiS, -ffe8, -ffe, in- cident of travel. reifen ((ein, sometimes ^aben), • travel, go. ber Sieifenbe {adj. injlect.), traveler. bie 9leifetaf^e, — , -n, traveling- bag. reiten* (jein, sometimes fioBcn), ride, bie 9Ieiterftatue, — , -n, equestrian statue. bo8 Sieftaurant', -8, -8, restaurant. tetten, save. til^tig, adj., right, correct. bie SUil^tung, — , -en, direction. bo8 )Htefengc6irge, -8, Giani Mountains. ber SRiiiberfitoteit, -8, — , roasi beef. ToUeit, roll. bie iHogfttage, — , Ross Street, bie fRti^fa^rfoTte, — , -eti, round trip ticket, tnfen,* call. <«5en, rest. bie ©acfte, — , -n, thing. bie Sage, — , -n, legend, saying. fogen, say, tell. ber @aIon \fron. as in French], -8, -8, saloon, drawing-room. ba8 ©nis, -e8, -e, salt. foljig, adj., salt. faitft, adj., soft, balmy. fati'rtfl^, adj., satirical German-English. Vocabulary 147 bcr ., nad) (daf.) ; adv., nai^= ^et, barouf; canj'., nad^bem; — all, bod^. afternoon, ber iJJac^mittag, -(c)«, -c. afterwards, nad)^et, f^iater. again, reiebet, miebetum, noc^tna(8. against, gegen. age, ba8 3tlter, -8, — ; of — , niutt= big. aged, alt, giei8. agent, ber SSeomte (adj. infl). agree, — with one (of food, etc.), einem belommen* (fein). agreeable, attgene^m, freunblid^. ah I interj., o^ ! ac^ ! ahead, adv., Borau8, Boron. aid, bie §ilfe, — ; ber SBeiftanb, -(e)8. aid, Ijelfen* {dat). ail, what — s thee ? nja8 fe^lt bir ? aim, ber Bwcd, -(e)8, -e; — in life, ber ?eben83roed. air, bie Suft, — , ^e; (= ap- pearance), ba8 9tu8(ef)en, -8; (=mood), bie ©timmung, — , -en. airy, luftig. Alaska, ba8 3tla8ta, -8. alike, gleic^. all, adj. and pron., alt; (=: whole), ganj; not at — , gar nidit, — kinds of, oUerlei. allow, erfauben {dat. ofpers). all-powerful, aUgemaltig. almost, faft, Beinaf|e. alone, altein, einjeln. along, — the river, am gtug (or ben glu6) entlang; go — , tnit«ge^en.* aloud, taut. Alps, bie SaHien [pi). already, fcfton. Alsace, ba8 Etfag, — or -ffe8; — and Lorraine, @lfa6=Sot^ringen. also, audi, ebenfaUS, gleii^fafl8. although, obgleid^. alumnus (of student fraternity), ber alte §err, -n, -en. always, immer, ftet8. America, ba8 3tme'rifa, -8. American, ber Stnierita'ner, -8, — ; bie Hmerifa'neriii, — , -nen. American, adj., ainerita'niic^. among, prep., uuter (dat. or ace). ancestor, ber 3l^ii, -en, -en; ber S5orfat|r, -8 or -en, -en. ancient, alt, uralt. and, unb; — so, olfo. anger, ber '^vax, -(e)8. angry, jornig, bb(e. animal, bo8 Kier, -(e)8, -e; — story, bie Sicrgefi^idjte, — , -n. animated, belebt. annihilate, bernic^ten. another, ein anberer; (= one more), nod) ein; one — , eiiianber. answer, bie Slntloort, — , -en. answer, antmorten, erWiberu. antiquated, Beraltet. anxiety, bie Wngft, — , "e; ba8 iBaiigen, -8. [?lngft ^aben. anxiousj fingftlic^, beforgt; be — , any, fin, irgenb ein, irgenb iDelift; 156 English-German Vocabulary not — , fein; (= every), jebet; at — time, ju jeber B^it) ~~ *°°' aUju. apartment, bie SBo^nung, — , -en; bie Sta'ge [g = 2 «« azure], — , -n. appeal, a)3))eEie'ren (an); ftii >t>en= ben* (an). appear, erjc^einen* (fein); (= seem), (djeinen. appearance, bie (Srfd^etnung, — , -en; ba8 Erfd^einen, -8. appetite, ber Stptictit', -(e)8, -e. apple, bev 9t))fel, -8, ". applicant, bet SSelocrBcr, -8, — . application, ber gteig, -(e)8; bie §lngabe, — . appoint, befiimmen, ernennen* (ju). appreciate, fd)a^cn, miirbigcn. approach, no^en (fein), ftd) nfi^ern. approve (of), billigen. April, ber ?lpril', — or -8, -e. area, ber gtcid^enin^It, -(e)8, -e; ba8 Slreat', -(e)8, -c. arise (=get up), anf»fte^en* (fein), ftiii crtjebcn*; (= begin), entfte= l^en* (iein). aristocratic, ariflohatijd). arithmetic, bie Stvtt^metif {or — me'tif), — ; ba8 $Red)nen, -8. arm, ber Strm, -(e)8, -e; (= weapon), bie SBoffe, — , -n. arm, beWaffncn. armor, bie SRiiftung, — , -en. army, baS §eer, -(e)8, -e; bie 3lr= mee', — , -(e)n. around, ,/ri?/., «m (ace), on {dat. or ace) ; adv., ^erum, nnif)cr. arrange, etn=ri<^tcn. arrest, »erf)aften, atrctie'ren. arrival, bie antunft, — , "e. arrive, an4onmten* (fein). art, bie fiunfl, — , *e. artist, ber Siinftrer, -8, — . artistic, fiinftlerif(^. article, ber Slrtifel, -8, — ; — ol clothing, ba8 fiIcibung8fiii(J,-(e)8, -e. a.&{temporal), al8, tt)ie, 'tia\ {causal), ba; — ... — , fo . . . wie (al8); — if, al8 ob (mcnn); — much ... — , fo ttiet . , . tt)ie; — well — (= and also), unb and). ascribe, ju=jd|reiben.* ashore, am (an8) lifer; am (an8 ?anb). ask, fragen,an»fragen; (= request), bitten*; — for, bitten um {w. ace). asleep, im ©c^Iofe; be — , fc^tafen*; fall — , einfdilafen* (fein). assemble, tietfammeln, fid^ i)erfam= metn. assent, bie 3«ftimmnng, — , -en. assert, bc^aupten. assertion, bie SSe^auptung, — , -en. association, bie Erinnerung, — , -en. assure, berfid^ern {dai. or ace). astonish, be — ed, erftannen. astonishment, ba8 Srftaunen, -8; in — , erftount. asunder, tear — , jerrcigen.* at, an, auf {dat. or ace), bei, ju {dat.), um {ace.), — home, jn §aufe; — your house, bei S^nen; — seven (o'clock), um fteben (U^r). atmosphere, bie Sltmofp^S'te, — ^1 -n; bie Snft, — , -"e. attack, an=greifen.* attain (to), erreidien. English-German Vocabulary 157 attend, beUmo^nen (dot.), t)cfiid)en ; — to, be(org.en. attention, bie Stufmevtiamteit, — , -en. attentive, aufmertfam; watch — ly, geuau ouf=^affen. Attila (king of the Huns), g^cl. attractive, aiijieljenb. attributable, is — to the ability, beruljt auf bet gcifjigteit. Austria, bo§ C>ji(cr)rei4, -8. average, ber ©iirdjfdjtiitt, -(e)8, -c; in compounds, ®urd)f(^nUt8s; — age, baS ®itr(^ji^nttt8altet, -8. await, erirarten, marten auf (^ii)tv., -8, — . baggage, ba8 OepadE, -(e)8i — room, ber Oepftdrauiii, -(e)8, -"c. balcony, bet SBatton' \jron. as in French'\,-{t)i,-?.or-t; ber @oI» ler,-8,— . ' ball, ber iBoK, -(e)8, n; glass — , bie (SlaStugel, — , -n ; (on tower), ber Snauf, -(e)8, ""e. Baltic (Sea), bie Cfifee, — . band, bie@d)or,— ,-en; bieSanbc, — , -:i; (= music) bie aKupf, — . banishment, bie iBerbannung, — , -en. banner, bie %a.iint, — , -n. ["er. banquet, bo8 gejlma^I, -(c)8, -c or banqueting, ba8 ©d^moufcn, -8. bare, adj., fo^t, blog. barley, bie ®erfte, — , -n; — juice, ber ©erflenfaft, -(e)8. barometer, ba8 {or ber) Sarome'ter, -8, -. base, v., griinben; is — d, 6eruf|t (auf); — d upon, Beru^enb auf. basement (story), baS ©outerrain \^pron. as in French^, -8, —8, bashful, |d)ii(^tern. bashfulness, bie @i^ud|ternf|eit, — . basis, ber Oritnb, -(e)8, -^e; bie ©runbloge, — , -n; on the — (of), auf Orunb {with gen.). basket, ber jtorb, -(e)8, ''c. [-e. battleship, baS Srieg8fd)iff, -(e)8, Bavaria, ba8 Satjern, -8; southern — , @iib6al)ern. Bavarian, adj., baijrifc^. bay, bie SBud^t, — , -en; bie S8ai, -, -en. bay-window, bet Erler, -8, — . be, fein* (fein); (^become) n)er= ben; there is (are), e8 ijl (ftub), e8 gibt; I am to, id) foil; that is (= i. e.), ba8 l^eifit (b."^.); how are you ? mte gel)t e8 S^nen ? bear, bet SBfit, -en, -en. bear (a child), gebciren.* beard, ber Sart, -(e)8, "e. bearings, get one's — , ftd^ otien» tie'ien. beast, ba8 Sier, -(e)8, -e. 158 English-German Vocabulary beat, fc^tageu,* poc^en. beautiful, fd^bn. because, treil. become, toerben* (feiu). bed, ba9 SBett, -(e)8, -en. bedroom, baS @il)(af3itnmer,-8,— . beer, ba« Sier, -(e)«, -e. before, prep., Bor {dat. or ace); conj., etje, beDor; adv., ootan, (time) ftiil)cr, Borl^et, elier, fd)on; many years — ■ (ago), Dor Dielcil Stt^ren. beg (for), bitten* (um). begin, an»fangen,* beginnen * beginning, ber Sufang, -(e)8, -"e. beguile, oerliirjen. behind, prep., t)intei: {dat. or ace) ; adv., ^intcn. behold, crBIidfen, on^fe^cn.* being, bo8 aSefen, -8, — . belabor, burc^^pviigeln. Belgian, adj., belgifd). Belgium, bas S3etgien, -8. belief, ber ®Ianbe, -n8. [pers.). believe, gtauben, trauen {dat. of bell, bie ®lode, — , -n ; (small — ) bic fitingel, — , -n; the — is ringing, e8 ISutet. belong, gepren, on=gepten {dat.). beloved, beliebt, geliebt. below, prep., unter {dat. or ace.); adv., untcn. bench, bie S3anf, — , ^e. beside, prep., neBen {dat. and ace). besides, prep., an^er {dat.); adv., ougerbem', baju'. besiege, belagern. best, adj., beft; adv., am Befien; make the — of it (= put up with), fiirlieB' ne^men.* betake, — oneself, ft(f) BcgeBen.* bethink, — oneself, ftc^ bcfinncn.* better, beffev. [jWifd^en. between, adv., bajmi'lc^cn; prep., bid, — good-by, abieu' [adjoh'] {or Scbemo^l) jagen. [-en.* bill (= account), bie SRed^nung, — , bill-of-fare, bie ^'^t\\ttatit, —, -n. [ben. bind, binben* ; (of books) ein=bin= binomial, Biuomifc^. bird, ber SBogef, -8, *. birthday, ber ®eburt8tag, -(e)8, -e. black, Jf^marj, — Forest, ber ©c^njorjmalb, -(e)8. blackboard, bie SBanbtafcI, — , -n. bleak, obe. blessing, ber @egen, -8, — . block (= distance between streets), bie ©trage, — , -n. blonde, Blonb. blood, ba8 SBIut, -(e)8. blood pudding (kind of sausage), bie Slutnjurft, — , -^e. blow, bers©(^lag, -(e)8, "e; bet §ieB, -(e)8, -e. blow (of wind), ttjepn. blue, Blau. board (= food), ba8 @ffen, -8; bie ^ofi, — ; — and room, (BoUe) iPenjton' [en as in French'] ; on — (a ship), an S3orb. board, — a train, ein=fteigen* (feiu) in {w. ace.). boat, ba8 Soot, -(e)8, -e or -^e; ba8 @rf|iff, -(e)8, -e. body, ber Sbr()er, -8, — ; dead — bie Sei(f)e, — , -n; — of water, bo8 ©enjoffer, -8, — ; — of teachers, bie Se^retfc^or, — , -en; — of school inspectors, ba8 @(i^0« Iar(§at', -e8, -e. English-German Vocabulary 159 Bohemian, {ibfjmijd). book, baS ^ud), -(e)8, "er; — trade, ber Snc^^anbet, -9. booth, bic SSube, — , -ii. both, bcibe; — ... and, fowo^l . . . al8 (aud)). bottle, bie gta|ct)e, — , -n. bound, bcgrenjen. boundary, bie Orenje, — , -n. bow, bie SJerbeugung, — , -en. bow, fti^ Berbeugen; — down (trans.) nieber=Beugen, box, bie @d)od)teI, — , -n; (large — ) ber ^aflen, -S, — ; (of cab) ber SBod, -(e)8, -^c. [-n, -it. boy, bcrflnabe, -n, -n; berSunge, bracelet, baS Slrmbotib, -(f)8, ■'er, brain, ba8 ©e^irn, -(e)8, -c; throng his — , jeine ^^antafte erfiittcn. brakeman, ber @d)offiter, -8, — . branch, ber '^'mA%, -(e)8, -e; (of study) bo8 gac^, -(e)8, -"cr. brave, tafifer, mutig. break, bret^en*; — off, ab=brerf|en.* break (of day), ber SageSanbru^, -(e)6. breakfast, ba8 grii£|jiiicE, -(e)8, -e, fork — , baS @a6elfru[)ftud. breast, bic Sruft, — , '^t. breath, ber Sttcm, -8; — of wind, ber aBiiibegl)aitd), -(c)8, -e. breathe, atmen. breeze, bie Suft, — , -"e; bag Siift= d)en, -8, — . bridge, bie Sriide, — , -n; bie &m» manbobriidc. bright, ^ell. brilliant, glanjenb. bring, bringen;* — in, ^erein-briiis gen; — up, ^erauf.bringeti; (of gangway) an=fegen. broad, breit, — day(light), f|eller Sag. brook, ber ©ad), -(e)9, "e. brother, ber S3ruber, -8, '■. brown, brouit. Bruin, SBraun. Brussels, SBriiffet. " bummel," ber Summel, -8, — . build, bauen; — on, an=bauen. building, ba8 ©eboube, -8, — ; ber SBau, -8, -e; — law, bci8 S3auge= (efe, -(e)8, -e. bulletin, — board, bo8 f^ltiarje SBrett, -(c)8, -er. bundle, ba8 SBiinbet, -8, — . burden, bie Soft, — , -en. burn, brcnnen*; — down ; intr., abs brennen* ((ein). Burschenschaft (student society), bic S3urfd)en(d)a[t, — , -en. bush, ber Sujd), -e8, "-t ; — es {col- lective noun), ba8 ©cbiifc^, -C8, -C. business, bo3 ©ejdjaft, -(e)8, -e; —letter, ber ©efc^fif t8brief, -(e)g, -e; — portion (of town), ba8 ®e= IdjiiftSDiertel, -8, — ; — of rent- ing a room, ba8 i!Jiiet8ge(d|aft. busy, befc^aftigt. but, prep., auger {dat.), nothing — , ni^t8 at8; conj. aber, allein, fon= bern (cf . Gram. Notes, 49 c). buy, taufen; (of railway tickets), Ibien. by, prep., bei, Bon, mit {dat.), an, Iteben {dat. or ace), buri^ {ace); adv. (= near), babei, baran; (= past), Borbei; — Monday, ■bi8 (jum) aWontag; — way of, iiber, C cab, bic ©rojd^te, — , -n. 160 English-German Vocabulary cabman, ber (®rofd^!en)futfd^er, -8, -. [--n. cabin (on a vessel), bie ^ojii'te, cafS, baS (Safe, -«, -8. calendar, ber Salen'bcr, -8, — . call, ber 9iuf, -(e)8, -e; (= visit), ber Sefud^, -(e)8, -e. call, rufeii*; (=name), neimen*; (= visit), Befuiiien; — for, ab^O' len; — out, rufcn,* au8>rufen*; — together, 3ufammen=rufen*; — to (some one), (cinem) gu=riifen*; — (a meeting) to order, eroffncn; — ed, genannt, nomens, mit yta^ men. calm, ru^ig. camp, ba8 Soger, -8, — . canal, ijer Sanal, -(e)8, -ale. can, tbnnen*; ocrmogeii.* candidate, ber ^anbibat', -eu, -en. candle, bag Sic^t, -(e)8, -e; bie Serje, — , -n. cannon, bie jjano'ne, — , -n. cap, bie ajj-ii^e, — , -n; — of darlc- ness, bie 5CarnIapt)e, — , -n. capital (= city), bie ^au^itftobt, — , "C. captain, ber Sapiton' -(e)8, -e. captive, ber ©efangene (adj. in^.); hold — , gefangen l)oItcn*; take — , gefangen neimen.* car (= railway-carriage), ber (Sifeil' bat)n)n)agen, -8, — . carbuncle, ber Sarfun'tel, -8, — . card, bie ^arte, — , -n; ber 3«t'el» -8, — ; visiting — , bie S3efu(!^8> farte. care, for all I — , meinetmegen. careful, forgfcittig. carpenter, ber 3i«"nci-'ni"''"' -^i 'er or -Unit. carriage-door, ber KorWeg, -(e)8| -e ; bie §au8tiir, — , -en. carry, tragen,* bringen*; — off (away), iDeg»tragen, entfii^ren; — out (= execute), au8=fii^l'en. case, ber goU, -(e)8, "e; (at law), bie ron. as in French^ -8, -8. cleverness, bie ©d^tau^eit, — ; bie Stugl^eit, — . Cleves, ^(ese. climate, bo8 Slimo, -8, -ta or -te. climb, fteigen* (|ein), Jlettetn (fein and ^Bcn). clink, — glasses, an=fto|cn.* clock, bie U^t, — , -en; at twelve (o'clock), unt p>is\\ (U^r). close, bi(f|t, na^e, eng, genou; — at hand, bot bet Silt; — to, 'b\i)\. Bei. close, fd^tiegen,* 3u=niod)en. clothes, bie .ffleibet (neut. plur.). clothing, bie ^leibuiig, — , -en; bie Sleibet. cloud, bie SBoI!e, — , -n; little — , ba8 Sbltdien, -8, — . club, bie ^eute, — , -n; (= society), bet SSetein', -(e)8, -e; bie ®efett= ft^ttft, — -en. 162 English-German Vocabulary clumsy, ))IunH), ungefd^idt. coarse, grob. coast, bie .ffufte, — , -tt. coat, ber SRod, -(c)8, "e. coffee, ber J?affee, -8. coffin, ber ©org, -(e)8, "e, cold, {alt. collection, bie ©amnttung, — , -en. college, bag ^oHeg', -8, -ieit; ba8 jSoUege' [Eng. pron.'\, — , -8. Cologne (on the Rhine), Sotn (om 9if)eiii). color (blush), erroten (|ein). colored, forbig, Bunt; (many — ) bunt. colt, ba8 guHen {or goI)ten), -8, — . combat, ber Sampf, -(e)8, ^e; ber ©treit, -(e)8, -e. come, fommen* (jein); — by, t)or= bei=tonimen; — out, 5erau8=foin= men; — up, t)crouf4ommen; — up to one, auf einen ju.Iommen. comfortable, Bcquem, be^oglid); make oneself — , fic^ e8 bcquem mac^en. command, ber 33efeI)I, -(e)8, -e. command, Befet)ten.* commence, an»fangen*, Beginnen*. commend, enipfe^Ien.* commerce, ber §onbel, -8. commercial, {in compounds) §on= be(8<; — highway, bie SBerfe^v8= ftrage, — , -n. /- commissioner, ber ^ommiffar', -(c)8, -e. commit (= entrust), on«t)ertrauen {dat. ofpers.). committee, ber ?tu8fc^u6,-ffe8,''ffe; baS Somitee', -8, -8. communicate, mit=teilen {dat. of pm.). communication, bie 9RttteiIung, — , -en. communion, ber 35erle^r, -(e)8; ber Umgang, -(e)8; sit in — , 25er(el)r ^)flegen.* community, bie ©emeinbe, — , -n. companion, ber ©efaljrte, -n, -n. company, bie @e|ett|i^aft, — , -en. comparatively, ber^oItni8md6ig. compare, »ergleiif|en* (to = mit). comparison, ber SBcrglcid), -(e)8, -e. compartment, ber 3lBteif, -(e)8, -c; ba8 Soup^, -8, -8. compassion, bo8 SKitleib, -(e)8. compel, jmingen.* complaint, bie Slage, — , -n. complete, adj., ooUig, tjoUftanbig. complete, v., Bottenben; (of college course) burcl)=niac^en, aBjott)ie'= ren. completion, bie SSoUenbung, — , -en ; ber @ii)(u6, -ffe8, ^ffe. composer, berfeni^jonift', -en, -en. composition (= theme), ber 3Iuf« \a.%,-t9i,''-t\ (= act of writing), bie ?(Bfoffung, — , -en. comprehension, ba8 95erftanbni8, -^ntffe8, -niffe. comrade, ber Samerab', -en, -en. conception, bie Sluffaffung (bie 35or= ftcHung), — , -en; bie 3bee', — , -(e)n. concern, Betreffen,* an.gel^en.* concert, bag ^onjert', -(e)8, -c. concert-garden, ber Songert'gorten, -8, -. conclude, fd^fiegcn,* aB=fd)Uegen; (= resolve) betc()lieJ3en; — d (of story, etc.) ©d^Iug. conclusion, ber @d)lu6, -ffe8, "ffe. condemn, berurtcilen. English-German Vocabulary 163 condition, bie iBebingung, — , -en; (= state) ber guftoitb, -(c)«, -"e; on — , unter ber Sebtngung. conduct, bag Seneljmen, -8; baS SBetrogeii, -8. conductor, bet ^ugfii^wv, -«, — . confederation, bas SStinbnie, -niffes, -tiiffe; bet SSunb, -(e)8, ^e; bie 3Serbinbung, — , -en. confusion, bee SBirrmar, -«; bie SSermirtimg, — , -en. congratulate, Begludiuiinlc^en, gra« tulie'ten {dat. ; upon = ju). congratulation, ber ©liidrounfd^, -eS, ^e. connect, Oerbinbctt.* conquer, beftegen. conqueror, ber Sieger, -8, — ; ber Sroberer, -8, — . conscience, ba8 ©emiffen, -8, — . conscientious, gewiffen^aft. consent, bie ©inmittigung, — , -en; bie 3u)li>nmung, — , -en. consent, v., ein=n)iHigen. conservatory, b~ SonjetBato'ri» um, -(8), -ien. consider, ermagen'-; na(f)=benlen* iiber (a«.); fiir . . . l|atten*; be — ed, getten* (fitr). considerable. Bid, bebeutenb, Be= triic^ttii^. consist, beflefien*; — of, beftef)en au8. [-en. constitution, bie SScrfoffung, — , construction, bie ^onftruftion', — , -en; — of houses (buildings), ber §auferbou, -(e)8. consume, Berje^ren. contain, cntl)alten*; — one's self, on ftd) r)alten.* [tict). continual, fortwci^reub, unauf^Sr^ continue (trans.), fort=fe^en; (intr.) \oti'\QAitm,* fort=get|en,* reeiter= ge^cn;* — to live, fovtslel'en; — d (of story, etc.), j^ortfe^ung. contrast, ber ®egenja(5, -e8, "e. controversy, ber ®treit, -(e)8, -e. convenient, bequem, prattil'c^. conversation, bie Unter^altung, — , -en. converse, fii^ unterbolten.* convince, iiberjeugen. cool, tiit)I. [laffen.* cool (of wrath), ftcf| tU^ten, na(I)= cordial, fjerjtii^. corner, bie (Sde, — , -n; — house, ba8 gd^auS; — room, ba8 @c!= ijimmer. corps (student society), ba8 jfor<)8 \_pron. as in French'\, — , — . correct, ric^tig. correspond, torrefponbie'ren; — to, entfpre(f)en* (<&/.). cost, toften. council, bet 9tat, -(e)8. countless, jaPo8. country, bo8 Sanb, -(e)8, -^er or -e; in the — , anf bem Sanbe ; in this — , in biefem Sanbe ; ^ier i^n Sanbe. courage, ber SKut, -(e)8. course, ber Sauf, -(e)8, ^e; bet 3Ser= (auf, -(e)8; (of a school) ber Sur=. fu8,— ,—<'>■ turf e ; ber Setirgong, -(c)8, •'e; in the — of, int Saufe {gen>i, mo^renb {gen)\ of — , na' tut'lid^, felbflBetfifinb'tiii). court, bet §of, -(e)8, n-, at — , am court-house, ba8 9iatl)au8, -e8, "er. §ofe; to — , JU §ofe. cousin, ber SBettet, -8, -n; bie Sou» fi'ne, — , -n. 164 English-German Vocabulary cover, beden, bcbeden, Belegen; — ed with pictures, bemott. cow, bic ^u^, — , -"e. coward, bcr geigting, -(c)«, -c. cowardice, bie geig^eit, — . create, erfii^affen,* erncnnen.* creep, friec^en.* critical, ftitifd^. criminal, ber SerBred^er, -8, — . crooked, frumm. cross, fal)rcn* liber (w. ace), !teu» sen. crow, bie Sra^e, — , -n. crowd, bie 3Jienge, — , -n; bie @(i^ar, — , -en. [brfingt Botj Don. crowd, brongen; — ed with, gc= cruel, graufam. cruise, freujen. cry, fc^reien,* (= call out) rufen.* cultivate, au8=6itben; pflegeit. culture, bie Sultur', — , -en; bie Sitbung, — , -en. cultured, gebitbet. cunning, fdfilau ; (= pretty) nicb= ttd^. cup, bie Saffe, — , -n. curiosity, bie 9Jeugierbe, — . curious, neugierig. curriculum, bet ?ef|r)3lon, -(e)8, "e. cushionless, ungetjolftert. custody, bie 9lufft(i)t, — , bie 35er= wal^tung, — ; bie §ut, — . custom, bie ©itte, — , -n; bie @e« too^nlieit, — , -en. customary, uBIidt), gen)bf)itli(i^, ge= Bvauc^Iic^. custom-house, ba8 SoMamt, -(e)8, ''er; bo8 3oll^ou8, -e8, ^'er. cut, fd^neiben*; — out (of clothes, etc.), 3u=f(^nelben*; — through, bur^=jc^ueiben.* cutting (of classes), ba8 @cf)tt)on= jen, -8. cycle, ber (Sl)nu8, — , -Hen. D daily, toglid). dance, ber Kanj, -e8, "c. dance, tangen; — out, ^tnou84an= 3cn (jein). dangerous, gcfa^rlifi). Danube, bie 2)onau, — . dare, roagcn. dark, buntel; — er and — er, immet bunfler. date, baS Saturn, -(8), ®ato or ®ateii; at a later — , fpciter. daughter, bie Soe^ter, — , ". dawn, bie SKorgenbainmerung, — . day, bet Eag, -(e)8, -e; — after to- morrow, iiBerinorgen; — before yesterday, DOtgefiern. dead, tot. deal, a great — of, (e^t Biel, eine groge 3Kenge. dealings (= intercourse), bet Um= gang, -(e)8; have — with, Ber= Ief)ren mit, Umgong ^aBen init. dear, lieB, tenet; (= expensive), tenet, fojijtjietig; — Sir (in let- ters), gee'^ttet [or Berel)ttet) §etr. death, bet Eob, -c8. death-bed, bag SterBebett, -(e)8, -en. decay, bet 3Serfatt, -(e)8. deceased, tot, BetfiotBen. deceitful, Bettiigetifd^, otg. December, ber SejemBer, -(8), — . decide, entfd^eiben*; (= determine), Bc|(^lte§en,* fti^ entjdiliegen*; be< TOten,* English-German Vocabulary 165 decision, bet (Siitji^lufi, -ffe8, "ffe. deck, baa Secf, -(e)8, -e; on — , aiif S)e(f. declare, Iunb=geSen,* ertloreii. decorate, |(i)miidEen, pufeen. deep, tief. defeat, beftegeit, fdjlagen.* defence, bie SSerteibigung, — , -en. defend tterteibigen. degree, ber ®rab, -(e)8, -e; (aca- demic), bie SBurbe, — , -n; bet Ei'tel, -S, — ; doctor's — , ber delicious, loft(id). [®o!torgtab. delighted, eiitjiicEt; be — , \\i) freiien. [iibetbringeii.* deliver, ab=liefent; iiberreidjen, demand, ba3 35erlaiigen, -8. [bent- demand, Bctlaiigen, forbern, crfot.- Denmark, ba8 Sonemar!, -8. deny, leugnen. depart, ob=teifen (|ein), ab=fa^ten* (|ein), jd)eiben* (fein), gef)en* (iein). departure, bie ?lbteife, — , -n; baB SEBegge^en, -%. depend, ab^angen* (Bon); an=Iom- mcn* (ouf). dependent, ab^atigig. deprive, beraubcn. depth, bie Siefe, — , -ti; he is out of his — , er ^at ben SBoben Bet» loten.* describe, befd^reiben,* fcf)ilbetn. desecration, bie (Snttoei^ung, — , -en. desert, Bertoffcn.* desirable, tDiinfc^en8lBert. desire, bie iBegietbe, — , -n. desire, h)ii.nf(i^en; — d, ertBiinj(i)t. desirous, begietig (nai^); be — of, getn mbgen. desk (of lecturer), bet [or bo8) Sa^ t^e'ber, -8, — . despair, bie SSer3tt)eif(img, — . dessert, bet ^ai)i\\i), -e8. detain, 3uriid=l)alten.* determine, befdjtiegen,* ftc^ ent= (djliegen.* dethrone, entt^ronen. develop, cntniidfehi. [ — , -en. development, bie (SntiT)i(f(e)(nng, devil, bet Senfel, -8, — . devote, ttiibmen. devotion, bie 3tnbai^t, — , -en. devour, Beric^Ungen.* diamond, bet S)iamant', -en, -en; (when cut), bet StiUant' [bti(» jant'], -en, -en. dictation, ba8 ®ittat', -(e)8, -e; follow — , no(^ ®ittat fi^teiben.* didactic, biba!'ti|cl). die, ftetben* (fein). diet (= imperial assembly), ber 9ieii^8tag, -(c)8, -e. differ, fic^ mttetld^etben.* difference, bet Untetf(^iet>, -(e)8, -e; it makes no — , e8 mac^t nld^tS au8. different, Bctfii^teben, anber, anbetS (adv. and pred. adj.). difficult, \iitotx, \i)XO\m%. dig, gtaben.* diligent, fteigig, eiftig. dining-car, bet ©peifewageu, -8, dinner, ba8 SiKittageffen, -8, — ; ba8 ®iner [bine'], -8, -8; ba8 abenbbtot, -(e)8, -e. dip, taud^en. director, bet ©ttef'tot, -8, -to'ten. direction, bie 3ii(i)tung, — , -en; bie geitutifl, — . 166 English-German Vocabulary dirt, ber ©d^mu^, -e8. disappear, berjcljirinben* (fcln). disappoint, enttciufd^en. disarm, entmoffnen. disclose, entbeden; it is — d, e8 fommt t)erau«. [citjitn', — . discipline, bie ^uiltf — ; ^^' ®i8= discount, ber 3iabatt,' -{e)8; ber ®i8!on'to, -8, -8. discuss, befprect)en,* erortertt. dish, ba8 ®ertd)t', -(e)8, -e; bie ©peife, — , -n. disorder, bie Unorbming, — . dispense (with), tierjii^ten aiif (ace). disposal, bie SBerfiigurig, — , -en; it is at your — , eS fte^t S^nen jur SSerfugung. dissertation, bie ®iffertotton', — , -en; bie Slcbeit, — , -en. distance, bie (Sntfeniung, — , -en; bie j^erne, — , -n. distant, entfeint, Weit; more — acquaintances, femer ©te^enbe. distinguish, unterfii^eiben.* distinguished, au8gejetd^net; (= prominent), Bornc^nt. distort, jerbre^cn. distribution, bie SBerteilung, — , -en; — of gifts, bie Se((f)erunB, — , -en. district, bie Oegenb, — , -en. disturb, ftbren. diverse, Oer|d^ieben. do, tun*; — honor to, e^te an= tun (tiai.); how — you — ? loic gc^t 68 Sl^nen? doctor, ber ®of'tor, -8, -to'ren; (= physician), bet ?lr;it, -e8, "e; ship's — , ber ©cftiffSarjt. Jog, ber Jpunb, -(e)8> -e. dogma, bo8 ®ogmo, -8, -men. door, bie Eiir, — , -en. double, boppett. doubtless, geroig, jweifeUoa. [unter. down, unten; ^inob, ^inuuter, ^er= dozen, ba8 Su^enb, -(e)8, -e. dragon, ber ®rad)e, -n, -n; — 's blood, ba8 Srodjenblut, -(e)8. drain, leeren. drama, ba8 ®vama, -8, Sramen. draught, ber ^uq, -(e)8, -^e; of light — (of ships), Bon geringem Kiefgang. draw, gie^eu*; (=drag), fdtileppeu. dreadful, furd)tbar. dress, lleiben, ftc^ an^jietien. drink, ba8 OetronI, -(e)8, -c; ber SCran!, -(e)8, "e. drink, v., ttinten.* drive (tr.), fa^ren*; (mir.) fa^ren* (lein). driver, ber Sutfd^er, -8( — . drop (=let fall), fatten laffen.* drown, — out (of noise), iibf rtbnen. dry, adj., troden. dry, V. trodnen. duchess, bie §erjogin, — , -nen. duchy, ba8 ^erjogtum, -(e)8, -^ei. duck, bie (Snte, — , -n. duel, bag Suell', -(e)8, -e ; (students' — ), bie SWenjur', — , -en. duet, ba8 SDuett', -(e)8, -e. duke, ber ^erjog, -(e)8, "e. dull (of sound), bumpf. during, tofil^tenb (g-en.). Dutch, ^oUonbijd). dutiable, joUpflici^tig. duty, bie ^fltd)t, — , -en. dwarf, bet B^^^r -(e)8» -e. dwell, ttjol^nen. dwelling, bie SBBol^nunB, — , -tit. English-German Vocabulary 167 E each, jeber; — other, einonbcr {or reflexive pron.) ; of one hour — , »on if elner ©tunbe. eager, eifcig; (= desirous) begie= rig; be — (to go), grofee Suft %a= ben (5U gel)en). ear, bo« Ot)r, -(c)8, -en, early, friit). earnest, ernft. [ — , -en. earth, bie ®rbe, — , -n; bic SBelt, ease, bie Sfquemlid^teit, — , -en; at our — , geniiitlii^. east, ber Often, -8. east, adj., oftlid), easy, bequent; (= not difficult), leici^t; — conscience, ru^igeS ®e« to iff en. eat, effen*; (of animals) freffen.* echo, n)ieber=]^atteii; — over, ^eru= ber=fcl)atten* {also weak). eight, oi^t. eighteenth, ad^tjcl^nt. either, einer; (= each) jeber; — ... or, entweber . . . ober. Elbe, bie Elbe, — . elderly, filter, oltlid^. elect, ttJo^len. elective (of studies), fa!ultati»'. electric, elet'trifc^. element, baS element', -(e)8, -e. elevation, bie Srl^bfiung, — , -en; (= height) bie §b^e, — , -en. eleven, ctf; half past — , Ijatbjltiotf. elf, ber (5(f, -en, -en. elfin, elfenartig. else, (onft. elsewhere, anber8tt)0. emigrate, au8=n)anbern (fein). emperor, bet Saifet, -8, — . empire, ba8 8?eic^, -(e)8, -t. employ, an=fteUen. empty, adj., leer. empty, v. (of rivers), miiiiben (in, with ace). enable, befS^igen. enclosed (in letters), beiliegenb. encounter, baS ^I'fo'nnientreffen. -8,-. encourage, ermutigen. end, ba8 ®nbe, -8, -n; ber ©(^Uig, -ffe8, "ffe, in the — , am (gnbe. end, enbigen, auf=t)oren. endure, ertragen*; (= last) be. fte^en.* enemy, bet geinb, -(e)8, -e. enforce, but(^4i«t)t"t» butc^«fegen. engage (= occupy), be)d)cifttgeu; — d (in), begriffen* (in), beicfidf= tigt (init). engagement (= obligation), bie ib'evpftidjt ing, — , -en; (= ap- pointment) bie SBerabi'cbung, — , -en. engineer (of locomotive), ber fofo= motiu'tii^rer, -8, — ; ber 3Jiai(^i» nift', -en, -en. England, ba8 ©nglonb, -8. English, englif^. enjoy, gentefeen*; — one's self, fid^ antiifie'ren {or nntett)alten*). enough, genug. enter, ein=tteten* (fein) 'Ti: — tne university, betreten*, )id) imnia= ttlfulie'ren laffen.* entertain, betntrten. entire, gang. entitle, bered^tlgen. entrance, ber ©intritt, -(e)8. entrust, an=bertrauen {dat. of pet r.). epic, ba8 (S))o8, — , @pen. 168 English-German Vocabularjr epic, adj., eijifd^. equal, gtcid^. equip, au8=ruflen. erect, errid^ten. escape, bie glU(f)t, — ; baS (Sntrin= nen, -8; (possibility) of — , (9Kbg= (id^feit) ju entrinnen. especially, befonberS. etc., u. \. xo, (unb fo meiter). Europe, boS guro'pa, -8. European, europa'ifd^. evangelical, cBange'Iifd^. even, adj., eben; (= equal) gleid^. even, adv.., fogar, felbft; — if {or though), tnenn and). evening, ber Slbenb,-8, -e; — gath- ering (of students), bte Sneifje, — , -n. evening dress (swallow-tail coat), bet gvacf, -(e)8, -8 {or -^e). event, ba8 @reigiit8, -ffeS, -ffe. ever, imtner, je. evergreen forest, ber SJJobelWolb, -(e)8, "er. everlastfng, cltiig. every, jebet; — body ( — one), jeber= marni, oIIe8; — thing, otte8; — where, iiberoU. exact, genau. exactly, genaii, gerabe. examination, bie oss. adj.), itjt. herd, bie §etbe, — , -n. here, adv., ^ier; — , porterl @ie ba, ®etJailttoget! the life — , bag ^iefige Seben. hero, bet §rib, -en, -en. heroic, ^elbenmfigig, tjelbenmiitig; — ■ legend, bie §etbenfage, — , -n. heroine, bie Cclbi"/ — • -iwn- hesitation, ba8 ^tiu*'^'^" {"^ Sfi' gem), -8. hew, ^ouen.* hide, Betbetgen,* Berfiedfen. high, fioi^. highly, pdift, je{)t. [Sanbfttafjt. highway, bie ©tragc, — , -n; 6'" hill, bet §iigel, -8, — ; down (the) — , bergab'. 174 English-German Vocabulary hind, l)lnter. hind foot, ber ^interfug, -e«, "e. hind paw, bie .'pintevpfote, — , -n. his {poss. adj.), fein. history, bie ®ef(i)tct)te, — , -n. hither, Ijier^er; — and thither, ^in unb ^ct, ^ier^in unb bort^in. hoary, grei8. Hohenstaufen (monarch), ber §0= ^enftaufe, -tt, -n. hold, fatten.* hole, bag ?oc^, -(e)8, ''er. holiday, ber (^eievtag, -(e)8, -e. home (= house), bas §au8, -e8, ^er; at — , ju §aufe; go — , na&j §aufe gel^en; from — , Don §aii(e; (= town or country), bie §ei= mot, — , -en. honey, ber ©oiiig, -8. honor, bie (gt)re, — ; in our — , un8 ju (St)ren; do — to, (S^re aii=tun* {dat.). honor, beel^ren. honorable, efjtlid). hop, tjiipfcn (jein); — about, ^cr= um4)iit)fett (fein). hope, bie Jpoffnung, — , -en. hope, ^offen. Horace, ber §ora5', — . horn, bo8 §orn, -(e)8, "cr. horse, ba8 *Pferb, -{c)8, -e; bo8 9({oJ3, 9toffe8, SRoffe. horse-back, ;iu ^ferbe. hospice, bo8 ^oJtJij', -e8, -e. host, ber SBirt, -(e)8, -e; (= great number), bie (Si^ar, — , -en; ba8 §ecr, -(e)8, -e. hot, ^ei6, glii^enb. hotel, baS §oteI, -8, -8; ber ®ap ^of, -(e)8, "e. hour, bie ©tunbc, — , -n; chat an — or so, ein ©tiinbi^en ^jlaubernj for — s, ftunbcnlang. house, ba8 Jpau8, -c8, "er. house [or street) door, bie §au8« tiir, — , -en. how, ttJte. however, a6er, jebod), boi^. howl, Ijeulen. Hudson, — Bay, (bie) §ub(on=S8at, Jpubfontai, or §ubfon8 S3ai, — , -en. huge, maifitig, fetjr grog. human, menjd^lid^, meltlic^; — being, ber aJJen(c^, -en, -en. humanistic, l^umani'ftiid). humble (= modest) befd)eiben; (= lowly) gcring, orni. Hun, ber §unne, -n, -n. hundred, ^unbert. -(e)8, -e. Hunnic, — king, ber §unnenIonig, hunger, ber hunger, -8. [^aben. hungry, I|ungrig; be — , hunger hunt, bie 3agb, — , -en. hunter, ber 3ager, -8, — . hurl, werfen* id)Ieubern. hurrah, ^urra'! or ^ur'ra! ^od^l hurry, eiten (fein or ^aben). hurt, t)erle(3en; (=pain), wefi tun» (dat.). husband, ber SKann, -(e)8, «er; bet ®ema^t, -(e)8, -e; my — , mein iUJann; your — , 3^r §err ®e» main. hyperbola, bie §t)per'bel, — , -n. hysterics, bet SBeintranHaf, -(e)8, I, id^. idea, bie 3bee', - griff, -(e)8, -e. -(e)n; ber Se. English-German Vocabulary 175 Kteal, ba8 Csbeat', -(e)«, -e. ideal , ibcal. if, IDPim; (= whether), ob; as — , al8 ob, al8 lueuii. illuminate, bctfudjteit. [fletleti. imagine, fid) {dat.) benfcn,* fid) Bof= imitate, nac^=a^nien; e8 einem iiad)»mad)en. immediate, immittelbar. immediately, gleid), fogleic^. immense, uiige^euer. immeasurable, uncrmcfiUd). impartially, unparteiiyd). impenetrable, unburd)bringli(^. imperial, taiyertic^, 9ieii^8=; — land, ba8 SReic^Slonb, -(e)8. importance, bie SOBid^tigfeit, — ; bcr Selang, -(e)8. important, loic^tig. impress, tltHJonic'ren {dat). impression, ber (Sitibrud, -(e)8, '^t. imprison, tn8 ®efaiigni8 werfen*; gefangcn l)alten.* in, frep., in, an {dat. or ace), ju {dat); adv., herein, l^inetn. incident, baS @reigni8, -ffe8, -ffe; bo8 (Srlebnia, -ffe*/ -ff«; — °^ travel, ba8 9{eifeerlebni8. inconvenience, bela(ligcn; — one, einem ungelegen fommen.* indebted, uert)p(^tet, Berbmiben; be — to one for something, je» manb {dat.), e tmo8 Bcrbanten. indeed, in bet jCat; yes, — I \a independent, unabl)fingig. indescribable, unbcfd^reiblic^. individual, einjeln. industry (business), bie 3nbujirie', -.-(e)n. infant, adj., jung, unmiinblg. informal, offtjiBS', ungc;itt)Hngen. influence, ber (Sinflug, -e8, *e. inform, mit4eilen {dat of pers\ bcnad^ric^tigen, unterric^tcn. infuse, ein=flbgcn {dat offers.). ingratitude, bie Unbanlbartcit, — . inhabit, beioo^nen. inhabitant, bcr (Sinmo^ner, -8, — . injure, bejcJjobigen; (^ wound), Berte^en. [-(e)8, -e. ink-spot, bet KintenflecE {or ^le(f8), inn, bo8 Sttt8f)au8, -e8, -"et. inn-keeper, bet Sffiirt, -(e)8, -e. inner, inner; — wall, bie S3innen= maucr, — , -n. innocent, unfc^ulbig. innumerable, ja^oS. inquire, ftageu, nac^=fragen. inquisitive, neugierig. insignia, bie (et|ren)3ei(^en (plur.) ; ba6 {or bie) ^t\i)tn jeinet 3!Butbe. insist, befte^cn* (upon= auf); they — that, fte bejle^en botouf, bo6. inspiration, bie Stntegung, — , -en; bie Segeifterung, — , -en. inspired, hegeiftert. inspiring, antegcnb, begeifietnb. inst., b. m. (bte|c8 ajJonats). instead, — of, {an)ftatt {gen.). institution, bie 2[nflott, — , -en. instruct, unterridjten, bele^ren. instruction, ber Untertid^t, -(e)8. instructive, le^ttcid^. intend, beabft(^tigen, befiimmen, iDoHen,* Bor^oben*; he — s to go, er t)at Bot ju ge^en. intention, bie 2tbftd^t, — , -en; bie . ajjeinung, — , -en. interest, baS Sntereffe, -8, -n; bie 5£eilna^nie, — ; ba8 (Sntgegen^ fommen, -8. 176 English-German Vocabulary interest, intetclfte'r'en. interesting, intereffant'. interrupt, unterbreii^ctt.* introduce, ctiufii^ten, ein=fleii^tcn*; (= present), oor=flettei:. introduction, bie (Sinteitung, — , -en; (= presentation), bie S?or= fiettung, — , -en; letter of — , ber (Smpfc^IuttgSbi'icf, -(c)8, -e. invest, Belleibcti. investigation, bie gorfd^ung, — , -en; bie Unter?ucf|urig, — , -en. invisible, unrtd)tbar. invincible, uniiberWinbUci^. invitation, bie (Sintabung, — , -en. invite, ein=tabcn.* iron, bag (Sijen, -8, — . island, bie 3nfel, — , -n; bag @i= lanb, -(e)8, -e or "er. it, eg (er, jte); its, |ein (i^t); itself (reflex), ftc^; {emphatic), felbfl. jail, bo8 OefongniS, -ffe8, -ffe. janitor, ber §ou8mann, -(e)8, 'er. January, ber Sanuar, — or -8, -e. join, 6ei=trcten* (jein) dat), ftc^ an= fi^liegen*; — in with, tnit ein= fttmmen. joke, ber SBi^, -e8, -e; ber ©c^erj, -e8, -e; ber @}jo§, -e8, "-t. joke, fd^erjen, fpagen. jolly, ftbel', luftig. journal, ba8 Jiageblott, -(e)8, "er. journey, bie 9icife, — , -n. joust, bag Surnier', -(e)8, -e. joy, bie gi^eube, — , -n. joyful, freubig, fro^tic^. jubilant, jubelnb, frol^todenb. jubilation, ber 3ube(, -8. judge, ber Sftit^ter, -8, — . judge, rtctiten; (= consider), urtel» ten. judgment, bag Urteil, -(e)g, -e; bag ®eri(^t, -(e)8, -e. juice, ber ©aft, -(e)8, ^e. July, ber 3uli, — or -8, — or -g. jump, fpringcn* (fein). June, ber 3unt, — or -8, — or -8. just, adj., gered^t; adv., gcrabe, eben, nur, einmal'. justify, rec^tfertigen. K keep, (= hold), batten*; (= guard), bewabren. keg, ba8 ga6, -ffeS, "ffer. kick, mit bein gu§e ftogen*, au8= fdblagen.* kill, totcn; — time, bie 3«it tot= fcblagen.* kind, hie 3Irt, — , -en; bie ©orte, — , -n; all — s of, aUerlei, oUer= ^anb {indecl.); that — of, ber= artig; what — of, roa8 fiir. kind, frcunblid), Iieben8tt)urbig. kindness, bie 8iebengn)iirbig!eit, — ; bie Oiite, — . king, ber Sbnig, -(e)g, -e. [-e. kingdom, bag (Sonig)reid^, -(e)8, kiss, ber Sug, ^uffeg, Suffe. kiss, fii[fen. kitchen, bie ffiiic^e, — , -n. knife, iia8 ajfeffer, -8, — . knight, ber SRitter, -8, — ; — of the Grail, ber Oralritter. knightly, ritterlid). knit, liridEen. knock (at the door), (an bie %v.x) Kojjfen, j30(^en; there came a — , English-German Vocabulary m t» tourbe geflopft, man (or e8) !Io)3fte. know (facts), toiffen*; (persons and things), lennen.* known, befonnt; well — , tt)ol)Ibe= tonnt; best — , betamiteft. knowledge, bie SeimtiiiS, — , -ffe; ba8 SBiffen, -8. Labrador, ba8 Sabrobor', -8. lack, fel)Ien (dat.). laden, belaben. lady, bie ©ante, — , -n; American — , bie 3[mert!a'itetin, — , -iien. land, ba8 Saiib, -(c)8, "er. land, (anben. landing, bie ?anbung, — , -en. landing-place, ber SanbungS^jta^, -(e)8, "e. landlady, bie SBittin, — , -nen. language, bie ®ptaije, — , -n. large, grog. [liii). last, le^t, Borig; at — , jule^t, enb= last, bauem. [fommcn, -8. late, fpot; coming — , ba« 3"'f tit= Latin, adj., lateinifci); (= Latin language), ba8 Sateini(d)c (adj. inflect) ; ba8 f atein, -8. latter, the — , ber le^tcre, biefer. laugU, lac^en. laurel, ber Sorbeer, -(e)8, -en; — wreath, ber Sorbeer!ran3,-(e)8,-«e. law, ba8 ®e(e^, -e8, -e; bo8 @ebot, -(e)8, -e. lay, tegen; — before, t>or4egen. lazybones, ber gaulpelj, -(e)S, -e. lead, fii^ren; — down, ^inab=fiil)= ren. leader, ber gii^rer, -8, — . leadership, bie gii^rung, — . -en; bie gu^i'eri(f)aft, — , lead-pencil, ber Sleiftift, -(e)8, -e. learn, ternen; (=hear), erfa^ten*; — by experience, evfa^ren.* learned, getc^t. least, at — , luenigftenS. leather, ba8 Scber, -8. leave, (affen*; (= quit), serlaffen*; (upon dying), ^intcrtaffen*; (= entrust), iiberlaffen*; — behind, juriicE'Ioffen*; — the train, au8= fieigen* (|ein) ; take one's — , fid) Berabfdiieben. lecture, bie SSorlefung, — , -en; ba8 JfoUeg', -8, -ten; ber SSortrag, -(e)8, -^e; — course, bie SJorle* fung, — ,-en. lecture-room, ber §iivfaal, -(e)8, -ffile. left, adj., lint; on the — , lint8; — over, iibrig. legend, bie ©age, — , -n. lend, lei^en*; -^ a helpi^ng hand, ^iffreidje §anb barbieten*(tf>- lei= ffen). length, bie Sfinge, — , -n; at full — , ber Snnge nad^. less, roeniger. lesson, bie ©tunbe, — , -n; bie aufgabe, — , -n. [gen. let, laffen*; — know, bena(^rid)ti= letter, ber SBnc^ftabe, -n(8), -n; ber SSrief, -(e)8, -e; — of introduc- tion, ber (Smtjfe'^lungSbrief. liberty, bie grei^eit, — , -en. library, bie Sibliot^et', — , -en. lid, ber ®ecEel, -8, — . lie, liegen*; — down, ftc^ nicber=- legen, ft^ l)tH4egen; — in, be> ruf)efi auf. 178 English-German Vocabulary lieutenant, ber Seutnant, -8, -8. life, ba8 Sefien, -8, — . lift, t)eben*; — up, ouf=t|eben.* light, ba8 Si^t, -(e)8, -cr. light (= kindle), an=giinben. lighting, bie SSeteut^tung, — , -en. ligfhtship, ba8 Seui^tf(f)iff, -(e8),-e. like, adj., gtetc^ {dat)\ adv., mie; look — forts, tt)ic gott8 au8= fe^en.* like, mogen*, gem ^aben; — to hear, getn ^oren; — more and more, immer lieber l)ttben. linden, bie Sinbe, — , -n; — tree,, ber SinbenBoum, -(e)8, "e. linen, bie Seinroanb, — . lion, ber Sottie, -n, -ti. lip, bie ilippe, — , -n. list, bie Sifte, — , -n ; — price, ber aSerlaggpreiS, -e8, -e, ber fiata= logprei8. listen, 3U=l)oren, laufifien. lists, bie ©djranten (//«n). literary, literavijii). literature, bie Siteratur', — , -en. little (^ small), Hein; (of quan- tity), rtenig. live, leben ; (^ dwell), Wo^nen. location, bie Sage, — , -n. lock, (of hair), bie Code, — , -n. lock, v., t)er= (en- ju») fc^liegen.* locomotive, bie Sofomoti'de, — , -n. lofty, cr^aben. long, adj., lang ; adv., tange ; no — er, nid)t me^r; be — , (ange banern ; a — time, langc. look, fe^en,* fc^ouen ; (= appear), au8=fe^en*; — at (on), an=fel)eii*; (= examine), fid)(rffl^.) on=(el)en,* Ijetrad)ten ; — for, fuii^en, anf= ?ud^en, fud^cn nacf) ; — over (to- wards), ^iniiber=fe^en* nod^ ; — up, au8»fu(^en ; (in a book), nad^« {(^logen*; — upon, fdjouen ; take a — at, \\i) (dat.) an=fe§en.* loose, lofe, loder. lose, derlieren.* loss, ber 35er(uft, -e8, -e ; be never at a — for, immer luiffen.* loud, laut. love, bie Siebe, — ; — of splendor, bie ^ra^tliebe. love, lieben. low, niebrig, tief ; — er, niebriger; Unter=. Low-German, tjlattbeutjd^. luggage, baS @e))a(l, -(e)8. lunch, baS (gWeite) gn'i^ftiid, -(e)8, -e ; ber Smbig, -ffe8, -iffe. lying, ba8 Siigen, -8. M mad, rafenb, rciitenb. Magdeburg {as adj.), 2)iagbeburger {uninjl.). magnificent, grogortig, l^errlid^. maid (= servant), ba8 ®ienflmob= cfien, -8, — . mail, bie $oft, — ; by return — , nmget)enb. Main, ber ajJain, -(e)8. main, — street, bie JpouptflraSf, — , -n ; by — force, mit (oUer) mainly, ^auptfad)Iid). [©etnalt. majestic, maieftfi'tiid). majority, bie 2)JiI)V3al)l, — . make, mac^en ; ( cause), lafffii* ; — the best of it (= put up with) fiirtieb' nel)men* ; — peace, grie= ben madden {or S&jixt^tw*) ; — it English-German Vocabulary 179 out(= find one's way), fid) ju= rei^t fiiibcn* ; not know what to — of something, fic^ etlnaS gar ni(f)t ertfareii IB mien. man, bet SD^auii, -(e)8, "-a ; ( = hu- man being), ber aRenfc^, -en, -en; young men, junge Sente. mankind, ba8 aJtenyi^engeid)te(^t, -(e)8 ; bie aWenfd^en {plur). manner, bie Strt, — , -en ; bie SBetfe, — , -n ; in this — , auf biefe SBeije. manikin, bo8 2)Jannc^en, -8, — ; ber 3tt)erg, -(e)8, -e. manure, ber 3Jiift, -(e)8. many, Uiete; — a, nianc^; — kinds of, Bieletlei {indecl.). map, bie Sorte, — , -n ; bie 2Banb» tarte. march, ber 3J?ar|c^, -e8, '^t. march, marfc^ie'ren, — ing song, bag KarfdiUeb, -(c)8, -cr. mare, bie ©tute {or 2Ha^re), — , -n. marine, merchant — , bie §anbel8» flotte, — , -u. M. = mark, W..= t\t Waxt, — , — . market, ber SWartt, -(e)8, "c. market-place, ber 9JiarIt<)ta^, -c8, "e. marsh, ber ©unipf, -(e)8, "e. mass, bie 3Kaffe, — , -n. mast, ber SJiafl, -(e)8, -ett. master, ber §err, -n, -en; ber SJJeifter, -8, — ; — of arms, ber SBaffentneijier. masterpiece, baS SDf eifterflitd, -(e)8, -e ; intended for a — , jum WtU fierfiiitf beftimmt. match, be more than a — for one, etnem iiberlegen fein.* material, ber ©toff, -(e)8,-e ; — for teaching, ber Se^rftoff. material, adj., wefenttii^, bebeutenb. mathematics, bie ajJat^ematif [oi ma 'tit], — . matter, (= affair), bie @ad^e, — , -n ; as a — of course, felbftBer= ftoitb'Ud); no — where, gIeid)BicI ino ; what is the — ? ttias gibt e8? roai ift Io8? mature, reif. May, ber 2Jtai, — or -(c)3, -(e)n. may, mogen*; fbnnen*; (= be permitted), biirfen.* Mayence, aJfainj. mayor, ber S3urgermei[ter, -8, — . meadow, bie Sffiiefe, — , -n. meal, baS SCia^I, -(e)6, -e and "er ; bie SKa^Ijeit, — , -en. mean, (= intend), beabfi^tigen. meaning, bie iBcbeutung, — , -en. means, bag aJJittet, -8, — ; by — of, burc^ {ace). meantime (while), injrtjiti^en, un= terbeffen; in the — , = mean- time, meat, ba8 %\t\Si), -e8 ; cold (sliced) — , ber !atte 2Iuf|(f|nitt, -(e)8. meet, begegncn {dat.), (fein); tref= fen.* meeting, (= assembly), bie SSer= fonimUmg {or ©iijung), — , -en ; (evening — of students) bie ifneipc, — , -n. member, ba8 SKitglieb, -(e)8, -e^. mental, geifttg. mention, ertofi'^nen. merchant, — marine, bie §onbet8= flotte, — , -n. mercy, bte ®nabe, — . merely, nur, btog. message, bie S8otfi!^aft, — , -en. messenger, ber 58ote, -n, -n. 180 English-German Vocabulary metal, adj., nictal'Icn. meter, ba6 or bet '^titx., -S, — . midnight, bie aJHtternad)t, — , '■t. middle, bie SKitte, — ; — ages, baS aJiittelattct, -3; in the — of, mitten in. mien, bie SJlienc, — , -n. might, bie SOJad^t, — , "e. mighty, mfii^tig. mild, milb. military, militari(cf|, Srieg8=, — power, bie Srieg8inad)t, — , "-t. mill, bie SJiiilile, — , -n. miller, ber aJiiillcr, -§, — . mill-stone, ber 5Kiil)Iftein, -(e)8, -e. million, bie iUitHion', — , -en. mind, ber @cift, -(e)8, -er. mine, mein. mingle, nii^d)en. minor, fieiner, geringer. minster, ba8 SKiinflcr, -8, — . minstrel, ber ©anger, -8, — . minute, bie SKinn'te, — , -n. misdeed, bie SKiffetat, — , -en; bie libeltot, — , -en. misfortune, baS UngtiicE, -(f)8; ba8 SDHggefdjiiJ, -(e)8, -e. [tetn. misinterpret, folfdjbeutcn, jerbeu- miss, ba8 grSulein, -8, — ; Miss W., gronlcin SB. miss, Berianmen, entbe^ren. missing, be — , fe^Ien. mister (Mr.), (ber) §err, -n, -en. mistress, bie §errin, — , -nen; Mrs., (bie) grau, — , -en; — of the house, bie §ou8frou. misuse, mipraudjen. mix, mifc^en, mengen. moat, bet OraBcn, -8, — . model, ba8 3Kufter, -8, — . moderate, ntcigig. modern, mobern, neu; — Philology Club (Fraternity), ber S'Jeup^ito. logifci^e SJerein. modest, Befdjeiben. moment, ber Stugenblid, -(e)8, -e. monastery, ba8 Sloffer, -8, ''. Monday, ber SKontog, -(c)8, -c. money, ba8 @elb, -(e)8, -cr. monotonous, eintbnig. month, ber SKonot, -(e)8, -e. monument, ba8 Senfmal, -(e)8, ^er or -e. more, tnel^r; no — , ni^t — ; once — , noc^ eintnal; three — years, bret njeitere 3aJ)re, nod^ brei Sal^re. moreover, augcrbem, iiberbic8. morning, ber SJforgen, -8, — ; ber SSormittag, -(e)8, -e. morrow, ber SKorgen, -8, — ; on the — , am jotgenben SUJorgen {or Eflgc). most, mcift. mostly, meifien8. mother, bie SKuttcr, — , ''. motion, bie 33en)cgun(i, — , -en. mount {trans.), beftcigen*; (/«- trans.), ^inauf=jleigen* ((ein). mountain, ber S3erg, -(e)8, -e; — s, (=: mountain range or system), bo8 ®eBirge, -8, — ; bie ®cbirg8= lette, — , -n; — depth, bie S8et= ge8tiefc, — , -n. mountainous, bergig, gebirgig. mouth, ber SUfunb, -(e)8, ■'er or -e; (of animal), ba8 ajtaut, -(e)8, ■'cr. much, pron. adj., Biel; adv., Diet, (of degree), fc^r. Munich, Wlunijta, mural, S!Bonb=; — painting, ba8 SBanbgemolbe, -8, — ■. English-German Vocabulary 181 murmur, ba8 ©emutmet, -8. muse, bie 2Ku(e, — , -n; city of the — s, bie Sffiujenftabt, — . museum, ba8 Wtt)t'nm,-9, SKufcen, music, bie ajtuftf, — . must, miiffen.* my, mein. X nail, ber SRagel, -8, ". naked, nadt, b(o§. name, ber 9Jome, -n8, -n; his — is, er ^eifet.* name, nenneti*; —A, genannt, 9?a= men8. nap, ba8 ©(^ISfc^eit, -8, — ; after- dinner — , bda 9iJocf|tnlttag8fd|Iot= i^en. narrow, cng, fci^nial; (of intellect), ii\6)xmtt. nation, ba8 SSoIt, -(e)8, "er; bie 9Jotion, — , -en. national, national'; — poem, ba8 SKationalgebic^t, -(e)8, -e. native, — city, bie S5ater= (or §el« maU) jiabt, — , ^e. natural, ~ science, bie 9'Jaturh)if= fenfc^aft, — , -en. natural, natiirli(i^. nature, bie 9Jatur', — , -en; feeling for — , ber SWaturfmn, -(c)8, -e, boS Silaturgefuljt, -(e)8, -e. navigable, jd^iffbor. near, atfj., nal^(c); a gen etttiaS fein. opposite, gegeniibetiiegenb {or fle= t)enb); — to, gcgeniibet {dat). opportunity, bie ©elegen^eit, — , -en. or, obet. oral, miinblii^. English-German Vocabulary 183 ordeal, baS ®otte«urteiI, -(e)«, -e; 1)08 ®eri(^t, -(e)8, -e; bie 5pru= fung, — , -en. order, bie Orbnung, — , -en; (= commission), bie SefteUung, — , -en; ber 3luftrog, -(e)8, ^e; in — to, um . . . ju. order, beftellen. ordinary, getoofinUd). organ, bie Orgel, — , -n. origin, ber Utjprnng, -(e)g, "e; bie §erfunft, — . original, urfprunglid), originell'; (= one's own worlt), eigen. ornament, ber ©c^niucl, -(e)8, -e; gold — s, ber @oIbf(i)mud. ornament, jrfimiicfen. other, anber; eacli — , einanber, or reflex, pron. Otherwise, anberS; (= else), fonfi. our, unfer. out, adv., ^inouS, l^erau8; — of, frep., 0U8 {dat.), Bon {dat.)\ — of tiie way, abgelegen. outer, onger; — gate, bas Stugentor, -(e)8, -e. output, — (of manufactures), bie iprobuttion', — , -en. outside, adv., augen, braugen; — of, auger^alb {gen). ovation, bie Otjotion', — , -en. over, prep., iiber [dat. and ace), adv., briiben; (= past), Borbei, Boriiber, au8; — there, briiben. overcast, bebecEt; become — , \\i) be= beden. overcome, iiberroinbcn.* overtake, ein=^oIen. overthrow (= conquer), beftegen; be — n, unterfiegen* (fein). overwhelm, iiberiBottigen. owe (= be indebtedfor), Berbanlcn; to — us a visit, un8 einen S3e=. fuc^ fdfiutbtg fein. [©d)ulb. own, eigen; fault of his — , eigene owner, ber (Sigentiimer, -8, — ; ber Sefifeer, -«, — . oyster, bie Slujiej, — , -n. pack, t\viJ^a.dm. package, ba8 ruf, -(e)8, -e. professor, ber ^rofej'ior, -8, -o'ren. program, bag ^rograuini', -(e)8, -e; The Day's — , (®er) SSfrlauf be8 Sageg. - progress, ber gort|d)ritt, -(e)8, -e. project, «or4pringen* (lein); ^er= Bor=ragcn. promenade-deck, bag ^^rowiena'^^ benbed, -(e)8, -e. prominent, ^eruovrageub. promise, Berfpreii^en.* (dat.). pronounce, oug^predjen*; — judg- ment, bo8 Urteil fpredjen* {or fallen). [-n. pronunciation, bie ?lu8fprod)e, — , proof, ber 33eiueig, -eg, -e; bag Seugnig, -ffeg, -ffe. propose, »oi=fd)Iagen.* prosaic, pro|aifrt). Pros(i)t, (= your health !), fic^ ftiid^ten, fcinc 3iifl«ii) t nc^men. refuse, Bcrmetgeru, fic^ loeigern. regard, in — to, bctreffs or in Be= treff {gen>i, in SSejug auf {acc)\ kindest — s, ^erjtidiftc ©riige. regret, bebouern. regular, (= genuine), ed^t, ric^tig. regulation, bie SJorjt^rift, — , -en; bie SRegel, — , -n. Reichstag, ber 9telc^«tag, -(c)8,-e. rejoice, ft(^ freuen. relate, ergo^len, beri^ten. related, bermanbt. relative, ber SJerrtanbtc (adj. inft.). release, befreien. religion, bie SRettgion', — , -en, religious, religibs'. remain, bleiben* (fein); (in letter ■ending), Berbleiben* (ffln). remember, fid) erinnent. remind, erinnern. remove, entfernen, n)eg=f^affek.. renew, erneuern. renti mieten; (=let), tiermieten. repeat, Wieberfiolen. reply, ontmorten, etttiibem. represent, bor>fieIIen. representative, ber 95ertrcter, -8, reproach, Bor=lt)etfen*; — onewith something, einem etmas oorn)cr= fen. reputation, ber 5Ruf, -(e)8, -e. request, bie SSitte, — , -n. request, bitten.* require, Bertangen, erforbertt. required, (of studies), Borgefcf)rie= ben. rescue, rettcn, befreien. reserve, (of army), bie SJefer'Be, — , -n. reserve, referBie'ren. reside, tno^nen. residence, bie SBo^nung, — , -en. resident, ber Sewoljner, -8, — ; ber ©inhio^ner, -8, — . resound, erfc^ollen* (fein), tlingen.* respect, bie §infiri^t, — , -en; in — to, in §tnft(^t auf (with ace). respectfully, ^oi^oc^tungSBoH. respectively, begie^ung8iBeife, (bjtt).); on the Elbe and Weser — , an ber @Ibe, bjlB. on ber SSBc= fer. respond, antmorten. rest, ber SReft, -(e)8, -e; the — of the baggage, ba8 iibrige ®epdcf. rest, rn^en, (fid^) au8=i;u^en. restaurant, ba8 SRefiaurant', -8, -8. restore, njieber ^er=fieHen; njtebet erfe^en. result, ba8(Srgebni8,-ffe8,-f[e; ber .erfoIg,-(c)8, -e. retain, bel^alten,* bewo^ren. return, juriicf^e^ren (fein); juriicE< English-German Vocabulary 189 lommen* (Icin); by — mail, um= ge{|enb. return ticket, bie SRiidfa^rlarte, — , -n. reverent, anbac^tig. Reynard, (ber) 9ietnefe, -8. Rhine, ber 9tl)ein, -(e)8. rich, reic^. riddle, baS mt\ei, -8, — . ride, bie gi^rt, — , -en. ride, rcitcn* (lein); (in convey- ance), faljcen* ((cin); — on a- head, tiorait8=reiten.* right, baS SRei^t, -(c)8, -e; on the — , reii)t8, jur 9ie(f)ten; be in the — , re^t ^abeii. right, adj., ric^ttfl ; he is — , er ^at xe(t)t. rigging, bo8 Satelttierl, -(e)8. ring, ber Sting, -(e)8, -c. ring, lauten; — the (door) bell, Hingein; a (little) bell — s, e8 fUngett; a (large) bell — s, e8 Idutet. rise, (of land), bie 3(nt)of|e, — , -«. rise, fieigcn* (iein); (= get up), auf=.ftel)en* (fein), [idj (er)^eben*; (of sun), auf.gel)en* (|ein); (of rivers), eiitfpringen*(|ein); — up (= project), empor^rogen. rival, bev SKitbemerbet, -8, — . river, bev gtug, -ffe8, "ffe. roar, ba8 S3tau|cn, -B; keep one in a — (of laughter), cinen nid)t ou8 beni Socmen lommen* laffen.* roast-beef, bet SRinbecbtoten, -8, — . roast-pork, ber ©d^ltieincbroten, -8, robber, ber SRauber, -8, — . rock, fi^auletn. roll, baa SBrBtc^en, -8, — . roll, rotten (feino?- ^aben); of ship, rotten, fc^aufeln. roller, bie 9iotte, — , -n. Roman, romifc^. romance,' ber 9ioman', -(e)8, -e. roof, ba8 ®ac^, -(e)8, ^et. room, ber 9ioum, -(e)8, ^e; baS 3immcr, -8, — ; bie ©tube, — , -n; (of student), bie 93ube, — , -n; —to-rent card, ber 2Riet8= setter, -8, -. rope, ba8 @eil, -(e)8, -e; (on ship), ba8 SCau, -(e)8, -e. rose, bie 3io?e, — , -n. rose-garden, ber Stofengorten, -8, ". rough, rau^; (of sea), bcmegt; it is — , bie @ee ge!)t \)o6). round, runb, rouse, auf=tt>eclen, erraeden. rout, in bie gludjt fd)togen.* royal, Ibnigtid^. [butg, — . Rudelsburg (castle), bie 3iubet8» rugged, fii)roff, Wilb. rule, bie 3?egff, — , -n ; as a — , in bet 3JegcI. ruler, ber §errf(^et, -8, — . run, laufcn* (fein), fliegen* (fein). (of a story), tauten; — around, i)erum4oufen*; — away, raeg= {or fort) laufcn*; — • down, l)in= unterlaufen*; — in, ^erein4au= fen*; — out, 5erau8=(aufen.* rush, (= run), (ftd^) fturjen (auf) ; (of storm), ba^in-.faufen (fein). Russia, ba8 Sugtanb, — 8. sacred, ^eilig. sad, traurig. [Sraurigfett, — . sadness, baS Srauern, -?; feie safe, aeij.,f\(i)et, 190 English-German Vocabulary sail, (egclti; (of steamers), fasten* sailor, ber aKatrofc, -n, -n. [(fein). salad, ber Salat', -(e)«, -e. salary, ba8 ©e^alt, -(e)8, ^'er. saloon, ber ©olon', -8, -8.- salt, baS Salj, -e8, -e. salt, adj., jaljig. [felBe. same (= like), glei(^; the — , ber= sandwich, ba8 belegte (99utter)brot, -(e)8, -e; ba8 belegte sBrotii^en, -8,—. satchel, bte 9iei(etaf^c, — , -n. satirical, jati'rifd). satisfactory, befriebigenb. satisfied, jufrieben. saunter, f(i)Ienbern (fein); — down, cntlattg» {or ^erunter=)((i^lenbern (fein). sausage, bie SButfl, — , ''e; bo8 SaSurfic^en, -8, — . save, retten. Saxony, bo8 ©ad^fen, -8. say, fagen; it is said to be . . ., c9 foil . . . fein. Scandinavian, ftanbinauifd^. scarcely, {aunt. scarf, bie ©c^orpc, — , -n. scene, bie Scene, — , -n. scenery, bie ?anbfd^aft, — , -en. schedule, ber @tunben))tan, -(e)8, "e; (of railroad), ber go'^rfilan. schedule-like, fa^r})Ianntagig. scholar, ber ©d^iiler, -8, — ; (= learned man), ber @etet)rte {adj. injl.). school, bie @d)nle, — , -n; — build- ing, ba8 @(I)ulgebaube, -8, — ; — room, ba8 @c^ul3inimer,-8, — ; — time, bie ®ii)ut;ieit, — , -en. science (natural), bie 9taturwiffen= fd^oft, — , -en. scientific, miffenfc^aftlii^. scratch, fra^en, fif)arren. sea, bie See, — , -(e)n; ba8 SWeer, -(t)i, -e. seasick, feetranl. search, bie ©ud^e, — ; in — of, onf bet ©uc^e v.ai), seat, ber @i^, -e8, -e; (in theatre, etc.), ber $Ia^, -e8, ^e. seat, fe^en. second, jttjeit; — hand, antiqua'> rifc^; — largest, gttieitgrogt. secondary (of schools), fefunbor'. secretary, ber @ci)riftn3art, -(c)8, -e; ber ©efretfir' -(e)8, -e. secure, filler. see, fe^en.* seek, fu(^en ; — after, fnc^en. seem, fd^einen.* seldom, felten. select, au8=n)a^len. sell, oerlaufen. semester, ba8 ©emejicr, -8, — . send, fenben,* fd^iden; — for, fen^ ben {or ft^idfen) nad^; — greet- ings (regards), griigen taffen.* separate, trennen. September, bet iSe)jtember, -(8). series, bie Sfeil^e, — , -n. seriousness, ber @rnfl, -e8. serpent, bie ©d^tonge, — , -n. servant, ber S)ienet, -8, — ; (in hotel), bet ^auStne^t, -(e)8, -e. serve, bienen {dat.)\ — his year (in army), fein 3of)t oBbienen. service, ber ®ienfl, -e8, -e; be at the — of, 5u ©ien^cu jlel)en [dat. ofpers.) servitude, bie fiue(^tfd^aft, — . session, bie ©i^ung, — , -en. set, fe^en; — about something, \\6^ English-German Vocabulary 191 an etooB mod^en, on=fangen*; — free, befreien; — out, auf=bre(I)en* (fein); [id) auf ben SBeg maiden, seven, fteben. seventeenth, ftebjel^nt. several, einigc, ntc^tere. severe, td^mer, jireng. sew, nfi^en. sexta (lowest class In gymnasium), bie ©eyto, — . shake, bebeit; — each other's hands, f\d) bie §anb {or ^finbe) jd^iitteln. shall, foEen. shape, bie Oejlolt, — , -en; bie gorm, — , -en. shapeless, forntloe. sharp, fc^arf; (= strict), flreng. shed, uergiegen*; (of light), »er= Breitcn. shed, ber j. unavoidable, unBetmeiblid^. uncle, bet Onfel, -^, — . unclean, unfauber. unconscious {= senseless), bemiigt' understand, oerjle^en.* undertake, unterne^men.* undismayed, unoerjagt. undoubted, getulB, un^reeifel^oft. unexpected, unermactet, unoerl^off t. uneven, ungleli^. unfortunate, ungtuifU(l). unfortunately, Iclbet, ungliidtUdjet" roeife. ungrateful, uiiban!bar. unhindered, imge^inbert. unification, bie Stnigung, — , -en. uniformity, bie ©leii^formigteit, union, bie SSereinigung, — , -en; (= league), bev Sunb, -{e)8, ^e. unite, Bereinigen. [Staaten. United States, bie Sereintgten universal, aUgemein. University, bie UniBetfttfit, — ,-en; {in composition), UniBetfitat?=. unjust, uugere(i)t. unless, taenn iiic^t, eS fei benn baJ3. unoccupied, fret. unpack, aue^pacfen, unsatisfactory, unbcfriebigenb. unscrupulous, gelBiffenloS. unsuccessful, erfotgloS. unsurpassed, uniibertcolfeu. until, bis, bi8 ba6; not — , erft. untouched, unberiit|rt. unusual, ungewo^nlic^, felt«i. unwilling, ungetn. upon, anf (dat. and ace); bei, JU («t fnnS. Preterit Subjunctive Past Participle befe^len beginnen bergen iieten bintien bitten blciben btcdien bcennen btingen bcnfcn bcingen biirfen erlviigcit effcn foticcn fallen fangcn fei^ten finben befie^fft, bcfic^tt birgft, bitgt bvidjft, bridjt bovfft, barf ifieft, tfet falitft, (fi^vt follft, (attt fangfl, ffingt fi^tft, fid^t befSlitc bcfo^te begannc begiinne barge biirge bote bfinbe bate btiebc bta^e brennte bradjtc bdditc bronge biiv[tc cvwogc fi^e (ii^te ficle finge (Bdite {(inbe befatilen begonnen gebacgen geboten gebunben gebetcn geblieben gebrai^cn gcbronnt gebrai^t gebaibt gebrungen gcbucft cihiogen gegeffen gcfabtcn gefallcn gefongen gefpditen ' gefunbess 202 List of Strong and Irregular Verbs 203 Infinitive Present ' 2d, 3d person Im- Preterit perative Indicative ftidit floi^t flo^ floft f"6 fraft ftor gebtcr %t1)at gib gob fllnfl gitt BOlt flcnoft wanting flcfdinl) fjctoann soft gli« Stub griff ^ielt ftfng , f)ie6 ^Pb 6icft m *Blf Innnie flang lam ■wanting; tonnte Irot^ tub Heft lief licii He3 lai Ing ma^Ite Preterit Subjunctive Past Participle flcil^ten flief)en flieften freffen fiiercn geiiiten geben ge^en gcltett genieften gefi^eficn getoinnen gleften gleir^en gxalien gceifen fatten iiangen tianen tcBen Iieiftett ^elfcn Icnnen ((ingen lammcn liinnen ItieiJ^ett laben laffen laufen leigen lefen liegen ma^Ien flidjtft, fli!i)t friffeft, ftifet frifet gcbterft, gebiert gtbft, gibt o;m. 9i« -, gefdjic^t gtSbft, grSbt pitft, pa ^angft, pngt tatinft, faim labft, tabt Ififfcfi, lafet taujft, taujt tie((c)ft, tieft flBdite flb^e Pile- iraje jrbrc gebarc gnbe ginge gfitte gbtte gcnojje gef^Sfie getoSntic gewonne gtic^e griibc flTifje ^iettc ^tnge ^iebe ^iibe ptfe Ijulfe tcnntc flange tame tonnte liibe Hc^e Ucje Itcfie taie tSge ma^ftc gcflocl^ten geflo^en gefloffcn gcfrcffen gefcoten geborcn gegedcn gegangcn gegaltcn genoffen gefi^etieit gelnannen gegoffen gcglicflcn gegvabcn gcgriffen gc^alten gefiangen gefianen ge^oben gefiei^en gei)a(fcu gelannt gcfdingcn gclanttncn gcfonnt gelrodicn gclaben gelaffcn gclaufcn gelie^cii gelefcn gelegen gema^Ien 204 List of Strong and Irregular Verbs Infinitive mpgen miiffcn ne^men nennen lifeifcn t)flegen* raten tti^en ceiten tufen frfpoffen fifl alien fif)citien f(^eittcn \itlaUn fi^lci0eii fi^Iiegcn \S)Ungtn fii^neibcn fd^reiben fi^teien fi^reiten f^lDimmcn fi^toinben fr^Wiicen fe^ett fettt fenbent fin gen finfen finnen fi^en faUen ffirerigen f|>tingen Present 2d, 3d person tnagjt, inag miijjt, inuft nimmft; nimmt rfitft, rdt rcigeft, vcifet reijt fi^tagft, Wtfigt fic^ft, ficl)t bift, ifl ifridjt Im- Preterit perative Indicative ■wanting moiei;(ieren Hctler betlorc tie):liitett becjeiiien luagett becjiefi toog Bcrjiel^c woge becjie^en gcltiageit toetfen loieS toie|c getoiefcit iDettben*' hianbte wetibete gctuanbt tnetfeen toirbft, ioirbt hjirb Itiac6 tDOtbe toiirbe getaotben Itietben tuitft, Wirb Inatb toutiie Wiirbe gebiatben tuccfen hiirfft, tnirtt ttiif toatf Wiirfe getootfen toiitben winbcft, ttiinbet tuanb Bjcinbc getnunbett toiffen ttti^t, ioti^ tou^te toiifete flUtbUftt tvoDctt ttittfi, will nmnte WoUtc getnaOt jeiften jicS jtel^e gcjic^ett jie^ett JOfl jSge geSOB'n ilvtttflen Jrtsttg jtBange gesMungen * Also regular weak verb.