0l\ tLL ■iiiiSSmi i'-lli'':ri!l'.'. , W"^ ANGLO-SAXON COLLECTION the bequest of Professor of Exglish Literature et the corneui university 18rO-1911 Date Due Cornell University Library PR 1549.A14 King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Boe 3 1924 013 338 821 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013338821 BOHN'S MTIQUARIAN LIBRARY. BOETHIUS DE CONSOLATIONE PHILOSOPHIC. KING ALFRED'S ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF BOETHIUS DE CONSOLATIONE PHILOSOPHISE: WITH A LITEKAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION, NOTES, AifD GLOSSARY. THE REV. SAMUEL FOX, M.A., OF PEMBEOKE COLLEGE, OSTORD, AND RECTOR OF MORLEY, DERDYSHIKE LONDON: H. G. BOHN, YORK STREET, CGVEFT GARDEN. 1864. *4^ C1'1 ^ i\.L*SI>T6i- PEEFACE. A saETiON of the worJss of King Alfred having already appeared in tlie series of whicli this volume forms a part, the Editor thought that a complete edition of his Anglo-Saxon translation of the treatise of Boethius de Consolatione Philo- sophic would be acceptable. Some years since, the late Mr. Cardale published the prose of the Anglo-Saxon version with an English traaslation, wkieh was soon afterwards followed by an edition of the Metres, with a literal translation by the present Editor. In the edition now printed, the judicious selection by Mr. Oardale from the different readings of the only MSS. in existence has been carefully weighed, and, ifor the most part, followed. The MSS. alluded to are the Cot- tonian MS., Otho, a. vi., now in the library of the British Museum, and one which contains merely a prosaic version, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The MS. in the British Museum formerly belonged to Sir Boberifc Cotton, and was so much injured by the fine which destroyed a portion of his valuable collection before its removal to our great public library, that for many years it was utterly useless, con- sisting merely of detached fragments thrown together in a box, until, by the skill and industry of the Eev. Joseph Stevenson and the late John Holmes, Esq., it was rearranged in 1844, the detached parts being neatly put together within a border of new parchment, and is now rendered so perfect that most of it can be read with the greatest ease ! This MS. contains a similar translation of the prose portion of a2 PEErACE. Boethius to that in the Bodleian Library, but the Latm Metres are rendered in Anglo-Saxon verse, while those in the Bodleian MS. are translated in a prosaic form. In this edition every word contained ia both MSS. is given, and the variations, which are the result of a careful collation, are marked at the foot of each page. The original work of Boethius de Consolatione Philo- sophise is extremely interesting from the circumstances under whicli it was written. The author, whose full name was Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, was born between A.D. 470 and 475. His father dying while he was young, he was brought up among his father's friends at Eome, who were distinguished men, and of whom Symmachus, to whom allusion is made, was one. Boethius was famous for his general learning, and also for his extensive charities. He married Eusticiana, the daughter of Symmachus, and was the father of two sons, Aurelius Anicius Symmachus, and Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, who were consuls a.d. 522. His high character naturally brought him into public notice, and, after being consul a.d. 510, he attracted the attention of Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, who gave him a responsible appointment in his court, and consulted him on many important subjects. After attaining the greatest height of worldly prosperity, his happiness was suddenly overcast. His unflinching integrity provoked enmity in the court of Theodoric ; and his boldness in pleading the cause of Albinus, when accused of treason by an informer, seems to have afforded his enemies a plea for charging him and Symmachus with the intention of delivering Eome from the barbarian yoke. Whatever grounds there may have been for the charge, he was treated with great injustice, not being allowed a trial, and a sentence of confiscation and death being passed against him without a hearing ! He was im- prisoned in the baptistry of the church at Ticinum, which was to be seen till a.d, 1584 ; and during this imprisonment PHEFACE. V lie wrote his books De Consolatione Philosophise. He was afterwards beheaded, or, according to some writers, he ^as beaten to death with clubs. Sjmmachus was also beheaded, and Eusticiana was reduced to poverty, until, through the kindness of the widow of Theodoric, who was regent during her son's minority, her husband's confiscated property was restored to her. A tomb was erected to the memory of Boethius by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, in the church of S. Pietro Oielo d'Oro ; and afterwards a more magnificent one by Otho III., with an epitaph by Pope Sylvester II. There is much difiBculty in deciding whether Boethius was a Christian or a devout heathen. Whatever he may have been, there is not in the original treatise any mention of the consolations which Christianity aifords to the unfortunate. As is elsewhere stated, any allusions to the Christian religion which occur in the following pages, are in- troduced by King Alfred. Yet, as it has been well observed by an eminent writer, "If, on the one hand, the general silence on the subject of Christianity in such a book, at such a period of his life, proves that, if he was a Christian, its doctrines could hardly have been a part of his living belief; on the other hand, the incidental phrases which occur, the strong religious theism which pervades the whole work, the real belief which it indicates in prayer and Providence, and the unusually high tone of his public life, prove that, if a heathen, his general character must have been deeply tinged by the contemporaneous iniluences of Christianity." The peculiar circumstances of King Alfred's life very naturally produced a sympathy in his mind for the suifer- ings of the noble Eoman, and were the happy means of pro- ducing a work, in which, at the distance of a thousand years, we can hear, as it were, our revered sovereign speaking to us in his own language on some of the most important topics of human life ! For although King Alfred professed to trans- late the work of Boethius, vet he inserted in various parts VI PEEEACE. many of hia own tlioiights and feelings, and thus composed serial moral essays, in wkicli lie has, in a manner, trans- mitted, himself to posterity. The imperfection of King Alfred's early education will account for a few mistaites in names and. historical facts. These, however, by no means lessen the^ value of the translation ; and instead of wonder- ing at their occurrence,, one should rather feel surprised that they are not more numerous and more important, consider- ing the disadvantages under which he laboured. The trans- lation was made, as the royal author sta/tes,. amid "various and manifold worldly occupations, which often busied him both iu mind and in body. The occupations," said he, " are very difficult to be numbered which in his days came upon the kingdoms, which he had undertaken, to govern." On this account our wonder may well be excited, since we meet with literary attainments which, in those days, were to be sought rather in the retirement of the cloister than in the' noise and tumult of ai camp). which was often in. the neighbourhood of harassing foes. King Alfred entirely altered the arrangement of Boethius, for, instead of dividing his work into four books, and sub- dividing each book into chapters, as his author had done, he divided, the- whole work into forty-two chapters, alluding occasionally to the books of the original. The first six chapters of the Anglo-Saxon version comprise the chief part of the first, book of Boethius, together with a. short introduc- tion. The next fifteen chapteits contain the substance of the second book. The third book is translated in the fourteen chapters which, follow. Pour chapters and part of another, viz. part of chapter xL, are devoted to the fourth book ; and thfi remaining portion of chapter xl.,. together with chapters xli. and xlii., completes the whole. Although the- work is deeply interesting, yet the most striking portion will be found in the following' chapters : In chapter xv., there is a pleasing description of the golden aoe. PEEFAOE. TU In chapter xix., the vanity of a too eager pursuit of fame is pointed out. In chapter xxi., the power and goodness of the Creator in governing and upholding the universe are displayed. " Chapter xxv. contains a dissertation on natural disposition. The first part of chapter xxix. describes the weakness and unhappiness of kings, while the second part illustrates the dangers to which royal favourites are exposed by the treatment which Seneca and Papinian met with. The second part of chapter xxx. declares the natural equality of mankind. Chapter xxxiii., part iv., contains an address to Grod. Chapter xxxv., part iv.„ contains the fable of the giants warring against Jupiter, and the history of the tower of Babel ; and part vi. relates the story of Orpheus and Eurydice. Chapter xxxviii., part i., gives the account of iriysses and Circe. Chapters xl. and xli. are devoted to an inquiry into divine predestination and human liberty. The last chapter treats of Grod and eternity. The Editor has availed himself of the kind permission of Martin Tupperj. Esq., D.C.L., &o.. &c.„ to- substitute bis excellent poetical translation of the Metres for his own literal one,, and he tenders hia sincere thanks for the per- mission, which has been so freely accorded. He also begs to acknowledge the great assistance which he has derived from the labours of the late J. S. Ckrdale, Esq., and from the valuable suggestions of his Mghly-esteemed friend Dr. Bbs- worth, Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Oxford. SAMUEL EOS. Morley Rectory, March, 1864. PROCEMIUM. ^LFRGD Kuninj paej- pea%Cob Sij-j-e bee. •] hie of bee Lebene on englifc penbe. ppa hio nu ip jebon. hpilum he pecce popb be popbe. hpilum anbjic op anbjiCe. ppa ppa he hic fa ppeocolopt -) anbjicpulhcopc jepeccan mihce pop fsem mipt- hcum' -J manijpealbum peopulb^ bipgum fe hme opc se^fep je on mobe ge on lichoman bipgoban. Da bipju up pmc ppijje eappop pime' pe on hip bagum on Jia picu becomon pe he unbeppanjen haspbe. ~] feah pa he fap boc hsepbe geleopnobe ^ op Lsebene Co Gnghpcum ppelle gepenbe. ') gepophce hi epC to leof 6.* ppa ppa heo nu gebon ip. ~j nu biC ^ pop Eobep naman halpaf'' selcne fapa Se pap boc pseban lyjce. f he pop hme ge- bibbe. j him ne pice gip he hit pihthcop onjice ponne he mihce.^ poppsemSe selc mon pcealbehip anbjiCep mseSe anb be hip semectan pppecan tSsat he pppecp. ~j bon ^ ^ he bep : • > Cott. mij-hcum. ^ Bod. popbum ^. ^ Cott. pinra. * Cott. >a gepophce he hi epBep leolie. = Cott. healfa'S. « Cott. meahEe. PREFACE. King Alpeed was transfator of this book, and turned ifc from book Latin into English, as it is now done. Sometimes he set word by word, sometimes meaning of meaning, as he the most plainly and most clearly could explain it, for the various and manifold worldly occupations which often busied him both in mind and in body. The occupations are to us very difficult to be numbered, which in his days came upon the kingdoms which he had undertaken, and yet when he had learned this book, and turned it from Latin into the English language, he afterwards composed it in verse, as it is now done. And he now prays, and for God's name implores every one of those who lists to read this book, that he would pray for him, and not blame him, if he more rightly under- stood it than he could. For every man must, according to the measure of hia understanding, and according to his leisure, speak that which he speaketh, and do that which he doeth. TITULI CAPITUM. I, ^pej-C tu Eocan gepunnon Romana jiice. •] hu BoeCm)- hi polbe bepseban. ^ Deobpic fa f anpinbe. anb hme heC on capcepne jebpmjan ; • P- 2. II. pa BoeCiup on Sam capcepne hij- pap j-eopenbe ]>xy '• p. 4 IIL, pu ]'e J7i)-boni com to BoeCie sepepc mne on Tpam capcepne. •J, hme onjan ppejpian : ■ p. 4. lY. pu BoeCiuj; hine yingenbe gebseb.. ;] hip eappofu to Eobe maenbe ; • p. 6. V. pu fe |7)pbom' hme eptr pece ] pihEe. mib hif anb- ppopum : • p. 8. VI. pu he him pehce bij^ell bi faepe punnan. ■] bi ofpum tunglum. ;] bi polcnum ; • p^ 14. VII. pa pe Jpipbom psebe ]?am ODobe f him naht ppifop nsepe Jjonne hiC poplopen hsepbe fa popalb p^lfa fe hiC eep Co je- panob hsspbe. 3 paeb© him bippell ha> he hic macian pceolbe jip he heopa fegen beon pceolbe. ;] be fsep pcipep pejele. 1 hu hip gobena peopca ealpa polbe hep on populbe habban lean ; • p. 16. VIII. pa f COob anbppopebe Jisepe liepceabpipneppe. 3 psebe f hit hic sejhponan ongeace pcylbij. eac psebe f hiC paepe oppeten mib Ssep lafep pape f hit ne mihtehim geanbppopian. Da cpaeh pe pipbom. f ip nu git finpe unpihtpipneppe f fu eap)) plneah f op]?oht. tele nu J)a gepaelpa pif fam popgam ; • p, 24. TITLES OF THE CHAPTEES. I. Jirst, how the Goths conquered the empire of theEotnans,' and liow Boethiua wished to deliver them, and Theodoric then discovered it, and gave orders to take him to prison. p. 3. II. How Boethius in the prison was lamenting his hard lot. p. 5. III. How Wisdom first came to Boethius in the prison, and began to comfort hiin. p. 5. IV. How Boethius singing prayed, and lamented his misfor- tunes to God. p. 7. V. How Wisdom again comforted and instructed him with his answers. p. 9. VI. How he related to him a parable of the sun and of the other heavenly bodies, and of the clouds. p. 15. vir. How "Wisdom said to the Mind, that nothing affected it more, than that it had lost the worldly goods wlieh- it before was accustomed to ; and spoke to him a parable, how he should act if he should be their servant ; and concerning the ship's sail ; and how lie wished to hav» the reward of all his good works here in this world. p. 17. VHI. How the Mind answered the Keasoa, and said: that it per- ceived itself every way culpable ; and said that it was oppressed with the soreness of trouble, so that it could not answer him. Then said Wisdom : This is still thy fault that thou, art almost despairing ; compare now the felicities- with the sorrows. p. 25. XU TITUIil CAPITTJH. IX. Da onjan )-e pij-bom efC j-ecjan bi)-pell be faepe pinnan. hu heo Ofeplihc ealle ofpe fCeopan. ■] gepioj-cpaf mib hipe leohce. ~j hu fone pnylcan ]•» jiaej- pinbej* ypc ; • P- 26. X. pu Boetiuy yaebe he ]-pjfCole ongicen hsepbe f hit eall fof psepe f je ^ipbom paebe. 3 j-eo opj-ophnej. 3 8a pself a fe he asp penbe fsec gej-salfa beon pceolban nauhcap nsepan. 3 hu pe j7i]-bom. 'f he mihce gepeccan ^he [sepaehj]' psepe. psebefhij- ancop psepe tSa 31C faajr on eopfan ; • p. 26. XI. pu ]-eo Eepceabpipnej-himanbj-popebeanb cpse]). •}) heo penbe f heo hme hpaethpejnunjep upahapen haepbe 3 pulneah je- bpoht sec fam ilcan peopffcipe 8e he sep haepbe. anb acpobe hme hpa hapbe eall f he polbe on fippe populbe. jume habba]? aefelo "] nabbaf ape : • p. 30. xn. pu pe ^ipbom hme Isepbe. jip he paepc hup cimbpian polbe. ■^ he hit ne petce up on fone hehpcan cnoll : • p. 36. XIII. Pu pe yqboia paebe ^ hie meahtan 'Sa pmeallcop pppecan. popfamfe peo lap hpaechpegnunjep eobe on hip anbjic I • p. 36. XIV. pu faec OQob cyxp hpihim ne pceolbe lician paejep lanb. 3 hu pe fipbom ahpobe npaefc him belumpe to hipa pgsjepneppe ' • p!40. XV. pu peo Eepceabpipnep paebe hu jepaehj peo popme elb paep : • p. 48. XVI. pu pe |7ipbom paebe f hi hi polbon ahebban poppam anpealbe op pone heopen. anb be Deobpicep anpealb ■] Neponep ; • p. 48. XVII. pu f COob psebe f him naeppe peo maegp 3 peo Jitpunj poppel ne Lcobe. bucon to lape he tilabe ; • p. 58. • Bod. unsepeelig. TITLES 01" THE CHAPXEES. XUl IX. Then began "Wisdom again to speak a parable concerning the sun, bow she outsbines all other stars, and obscures them with ber ligbt ; and bow tbe raging of the wind troubles the placid sea. p. 27. X. How Boethius said, be plainly perceived that it was all true that Wisdom said : and that tbe prosperity, and the enjoy- ments whicb be formerly thougbt should be happiness, were nothing: and bow Wisdom, that he migbt show that be was bappy, said, that bis anchor was stUl fast in the eartb. p. 27. XI. How Eeason answered him, and said, that sbe thought she had in some measure raised him up, and almost brought him to the same dignity wbich he before bad : and asked him who had all that be would in this world : some have nobility and have not riches. p. 31. XII. How Wisdom instructed bim, that if be were desirous to build a firm bouse, be should not set it upon the highest hill- top, p. 37. XIII. How Wisdom said, that they might then argue more closely, because tbe instruction bad in some measure entered into his understanding. p. 37. XIV. How the Mind said, why should not fair land delight him ? and bow Wisdom asked, what of their fairness belonged to him ? p. 41. XV. How Eeason said, bow bappy tbe first age was ! p. 49. XVI. How Wisdom said, that men would exalt tbemselres for power to heaven : also concerning the power of Theodoric and Nero. p. 49. XVII. How the Mind said, that power and covetousness never well pleased him ; but that be toiled with reluctance, p. 59. XIT rETTTM •CAPITUM, xvin. XIX. BeMijan:- pp. 60-68. xs» Be pepe pifeppeaji&au /pyp'&e. ■] be'];sB!pe«prop^n> P- 70. XXI. Be^ssr selrafhcisan lio&ej- anpeal&e. bu Tie felt Ballum hif Sq^ceafcum:- p. '72. xsn. Pu j-e j7if bom 3 jpeo Eej-ceabpijTiej- hapbon fseC CDob apet a^jfep ge mib j-mealicpe j-ppsece. je mib pynpiman j'anje ; • p. 76. xxin. Vu f e p'lfbom Jaejibe f one }»e he polbe psepiEmbsepelanb ,]-apaii. f he aJ3uhge qj: eepej-C jja ,))0]i)inaj-. ^ ipa fyp]"a]'- ^ fa unnyCCan peob. 3 hu he fsebe gip kpa bicepej- ihpef .on ibepabe. p hrni filhce beobpeab fi j-pecpe ; • p. 78. XXIV. pu menn ^nkua)) Strph laugehce geapnimga cuman Co anpe eabignej-j-e : • p. 80. XXV. pu Cob ySx ealpa gepceapca mibfi'am bpiblum hi)- anpealbep. ■J tu Belcjej-ceapC'ppijaJipipliipe'jecynbej-. ■]^ilnB,])^ hit cume \>itefi ponan pe hit »p com ; • p. '88. XXVI. Pu pe |7ipboni jsibe f menmihcon be liobe ppelce hi maete. •J hpsepep ye pela mihce fone mon gebon ppa pehne f he mapaij ne popfte. 3 hpsepep Boecie eall hip populb hcobe pa he je- paelgopt psep:- p. 90. XXVII. pu ipe ,peop]f ape iinses gebon cu ping pone bypejan Jam ojipum bypegum peoppne. ^ hu Noniup paep popcpeben pop pam g^lbenan pcpibpssne. 3 hu selcep monnep ypel bip py openpe jip he anpalb haep ; • p. 94. xxvin. Be Nepone ifaiiin Eapepe ;- p. IQO. TITIiES OF THE CHAPTEES. XV XVIII. XIX. Of Fame. pp. 61— 69. XX. Of adrerse Sc^tmie, and of proBperoms. p. 71. XXI. Of the power of Almighty <3-od. ; and how he governs all his creatures. p. 73. XXU. Mjow Wisdom aad Beason had restored the Mind, both with profound argument, and with pleasant song. p. 77. xxni. How Wisdom instructed the man who would sow fertile land, that he should first take away the thorns, and the furze, and the useless weeds : and how he said, that if a person had tasted anything bitter, honeycomb seemed the sweeter to him. p. 79. XXIV. How men desire, by difierent meats, to arrive at one hajrpineBs. p. 81. sxv. How G-od governs all creatures with the bridles of his power -. and how every creature tends towards its kind, and desires that it may come thither, from whence it before came. p. 89. XXVI. How Wisdom said, that men were able to understand con- cerning God, as in a dream.: and aslced, whether wealth could make a man so rich that he should not need more : and whether to Boethius, all his condition were agreeable, when he was most prosperous. p. 91. xxvn. How dignity may do two things to the unwise, wTio is honoured by other unwise persons -. and how Nonius was re- buked for the golden chair of state : and how every man's evil is the more public when he has power. p. 95. XXVIII. Of JS'ero the Caesar. p. 101. TlTTJLl OAPIXUM. XXIX. fiep ])»]• cyningep neapej'C 3 hif fpeonbfcipe msftge aenijne mon pelijne ;] palfaenbne gebon. 3 hu fa ofjie ppienb cuma]) mib fam pelan. ■] epC mib J)am pelan jepicaf ;• p. 102. XXX. pu pe pcop pang ^ ma manna pa&jnobon bypijep polcep ge- bpolan. Sonne hie psejnebon pojipa ppella. ^ ip 'f hi penbon hip becepan fonne he psepe. Sonne paejnia]) hi psep fe hi pceamian pceolbe :• p. 106. XXXI. pu pe pceal pela neapaneppa jefohan fe f sep lichoman lupcap poplsecan pceal. ^ hu men mseg ]jy ilcan peopce cpe]7an f necenu penb gepselige. gip man cpiji fsec Sa men pen jepsehje Sa heopa hchoman lupcum pyligaj) ; • p. 110. XXXII. pu Sep anpeapba pela mepjj Sa men ]>e beof acihce Co fam pofum jepaelfum. -) hupe pipbom ip an anlipe cpaapc fsepe paple. •J ip Seat becepa fonne eaile fsep lichoman cpsepCap. ] feah hpa gejabepie ealle fap anbpeapban job. Sonne ne maej he no fe pafop beon ppa pelig ppa he polbe. ne he epc him naepf SaeC f he »p penbe ; • p. 114. XXXIII. pu pe pipbom hsepbe geCsehc fam OOobe Jia anhcnepj-a fapa pofena pselfa. polbe hi fa pelpe gecaecan. ~j bi fam pip te- paelfum. f ip pela. 1 anpealb. ■) peopfpcipe. -j popemsepnep. ^ pilla:- p. 118. XXXIV. pu pe j7ipbom hsepbe gepehc hpaec^ hehpte job yxj. polbe him fa gepeccan hpsep hit psep. ■] hu op fam mycelan jobe cumaf fa l»ppan ; ■ p_ i^^^ XXXV. pu pe f ipbom Isepbe f OOob f hit pohte on innan him f hit sep ymbucan hic pohce. ] poplsece unnytce ymbhojan ppa he ppif opc mihce. -J hu Eob pealc ealpa gepceapca ■] eallpa joba mib f am pceoppof pe hip jobneppe ; ■ p, i^^ TITLES OF THE OHAPTEES. XVll XXIX. Whether the ting's favour and his friendship are able to make any man wealthy and powerful : and how other friends come with wealth, and again with wealth depart, p. 103. ' XXX. How the poet sung, that more men rejoiced at the error of the foolish people, than rejoiced at true sayings : that is, that they thought any one better than he was. Then do they re- joice at that which should make them ashamed. p. 107. XXXI. How he shall suffer many troubles, who shall yield to the lusts of the body ; and how any one may, by the same rule, say that cattle are happy, if he say that those men are happy who follow the lusts of their body. p. 111. xxxn. How this present wealth hinders the men who are attracted to the true felicities : and how wisdom is one single faculty of the soul, and is, nevertheless, better than all the faculties of the body; and though any one should collect together all these present goods, yet cannot be the sooner be so happy as he would, nor has he afterwards that which he before ex- pected, p. 115. XXXUI. How "Wisdom, having taught the Mind the resemblances of the true felicities, would then teach it the true felicities themselves : also of the five objects of desire, namely, wealth, and power, and honour, and glory, and pleasure. p. 119. XXXIV. How Wisdom, having explained what the highest good was, would then explain to him where it was ; and how from the great good come the less. p. 135. XXXV. How Wisdom instructed the Mind, that it should seek within itself what it before sought around it, and should dis- miss vain anxieties as it best might : and how God directs all creatures and all good things with the rudder of his goodness. p. 155. I xviu xiirLi CAFiTmi. XXXVI. pu f Xob j-sebe fam |7ij-bome f hit onseace f him Hob jieahce Suph hine f fhe pehce. ■j jrop hpy j-e joba Eob laece aenij ypel beon. ~) hu j-eo sej-ceabpipej- baeb f GDob ^ hic f«ce on hipe fcpibpaene. j heo j-ceolbe beon hij- labceap. ^ hu heo j-aebe Ssac tu finj psepen piUa •] anpealb. jip hpam Sapa auppep pana paepe. f heopa ne mihce najrep bucon ofpum nauhc bon;. p. 170. XXXVII. Be fam opepmoban pican ■] unpihcpipan. ^ hu mon hehf fone heapob beah aet faep aepnepejep enbe. anb hu mon pc^olbe aelcne mon hatan be tam beope be he 5ehcopc paape ; • p. 186. ' XXXVIII. Be Tpoia jepmne. hu Gulixep pe cynmj haepbe Cpa Seoba unbep fam Eapepe. anb hu hip f ejnap pupban poppceapene co pilbeopum ; • p. 194. XXXIX. Be pyhtpe piounje ^ be unpihcpe. ■] be pyhcum eableane. •) hu [mipchce pita ^ mamgpealbe eappopa] cumaj) to fam gobum ppa hi to fam ypelum pceolban. ^ be faape popeteohunja Eobep ■] be Ssepe pypbe ; • p. 210. XL. Pu aalc pypb beef 50b. pam heo mannum gob f mce, pam heo him yp el tSince ; • p. 234. XLI. pu Omepup pe' joba pceop hepebe fa punnan. 3 be pam f peobome ; • 1 p. 244. xLn. "Pu pe pceolban eallon msegne ppjfpian aaptep -Eobe. selc be hip anbjitep msefe ; • p. 256. TITLES OF THE CHAPTEES. XIX XXXVI. How the Mind said to Wisdom, that it perceived that God said to it through him that which he said: and asked, why the good God suiFers any evil to be : and how Eeason desired the Mind to sit in her chariot, and she would be its guide : and how she said that will and power were two things ; and that if to any man there were a deficiency of either of them, neither of them could without the other effect anything. p. 171. XXXVIL Of proud and unjust rulers ; and how man should have the crown at the end of the course : and how we should describe every man by the beast which he was most like. p. 187. xxxvin. Of the Trojan war : how Ulysses the king had two countries under the Csesar : and how his thanes were transformed into wild beasts. p. 195. XXXIX. Of right hatred, and of unright, and of just recompense : and how various punishments and manifold misfortunes come to the good, as they should to the wicked : and concerning the predestination of God, and concerning destiny, p. 211. XL. How every fortune is good, whether it seem good to men, or whether it seem evU to them. p. 235. XLI. How Homer the good poet praised the sun : and concern- ing freedom. * p- 24.5. XLII. How we ought with all our power to inquire after God, everv one according to the measure of his understanding. p. 257. BOETHIUS. BOETHIUS. CAPUT I. ON ^aape Ci&e pe Eocan op SciSSiu m»5]je pif Romana pice gepm upahofon. ^ mif heopa cynm^um. EasbjoCa anb Galle- pica psftpon haCne. Eomane bupig abpsecon. anb eall Italia pice •p ij" betpux fam muntum ^ Sicilia Sam ealonbe m anpalb gepeliCon. ■] fa aaj:cep fam popej-ppecenan cyninjum Deobpic peng to ]7am ilcan pice, pe Deobpic paep Amulmja. he p»p Epipten. Jieah he on fam Appianir^an gebpolan Suphpunobe. pe gehet Eomanum hip ppeoubpcipe. ppa f hi mopcan heopa ealbpihta pypSe beon. Ac he fa gehac ppiSe ypele gelsepce. 'J ppiSe ppafe geenbobe mib manegum fnane. f paap to ,eacan ofpum unapimebum yplum. f he lohannep f one papan het opplean. Da p»p pum conpul. f pe hepetoha hataf. BoeCiup p»p hacen. pe paap m boccpseptum ^ on populb Jieapum pe pihcpipepta. 8e t$a ongeat fa manigpealban ypel fe pe cynmg Deobpic pif f am Epipcenanbome -j pip fam Romanipcum pitum bybe. he fa jemunbe tSapa efneppa -j fapa ealbpihta t5e hi unbep Sam Eapepum hsepbon heopa ealbhlapopbum. Da onjan he pmeajan ] leopnijan on him pelpum hu he f pice Sam unpihtpipan cyninge apeppan mihte. -j on pyht geleappulpa anb on pihtpippa anpalb gebpingan. 8enbe fa bijelhce sepenbjeppitu to fam Eapepe to Eonptantmopolim. f aep ip Epeca heah bupr ] heopa cyneptol, pop fam pe Eapepe psep heopa ealbhlapopb cynnep. baebon hine fast he him to heopa Epiptenbome -i to heopa ealbpihtum jepultumebe. Da f ongeat pe pselhpeopa cynms Deobpic. Sa het he hme jebpingan on capcejine ■^ hxn mne belucan. Da hit Sa gelomp f pe appypSa psep on ppa micelne neapaneppe becom. fa psep he ppa micle ppiSop on hip CDobe BOETHIUS. CHAPTEE I. At the time wlien the Goths of the country of Seyfchia made war against the empire of the Eomans, and with their kings, wiho were called Ehadgast and Alaric, sacked the Eoman city, and reduced to subjection all the kingdom of Italy, which is between the mountains and the island of Sicily, and then, after the before-mentioned kings, Theodoric obtained posses- sion of that same kingdom : Theodoric was of the race of the Amali ; he was a Christian, but he persisted iu the Arian heresy. He promised to the Eomans his friendship, so that they might enjoy their ancient rights. But be very ill per- formed that promise, and speedily ended with much wicked- ness; which was, that in addition to other unnumbered crimes, he gave order to slay John the Pope. Then was there a certain consul, that we call heretoha, who was named Boethius. He was in book-learning and in worldly affairs the most wise. He then observed the manifold evil, which -the kiag Theodoric did against Christianity, and against the Eoman senators. He then called to mind the favours and the ancient rights which they had under the Caesars, their ancient lords. Then began he to inquire, and study in him- self, how he might take the kingdom from the unrighteous king, and bring it under the power of faithful and righteous men. H.e therefore privately sent letters to the Csesar, at Constantinople, which is the chief city of the Greeks, and their king's dwelling-place, because the Caesar was of the kin of their ancient lords : they prayed him that he would succour them with respect to their Christianity and their ancient .rights. When the cruel king Theodoric discovered this, he gave order to take him to prison, and therein lock up. When it happened that the venerable man was fallen into so great b2 4 BOETHirS. CHAP. II. HI- gebjiepeb. )-pa hij- COob asp jji^op Co fam yojmlb j-»lfum gepunob psep. ^ he Sa nanpe pjioppe be innan fam capcepne ne jemun&e. ac he jepeoll nipol op bune on fa flop. ] hme apcpehce ppife impoc. anb opmob hme pelpne ongan pepan ■] ]jup pm^enbe cpaef. CAPUT II.'' DS hoS fe ic ppecca jeo lupcbsephce ponj. ic pceal nu heopienbe pmgan. 3 mib [ppife] unjepabum popfaum jepeccan. Jieah ic 5eo hpilum jecophcepunbe. ac ic nupepenbe] gipcienbe op gepabpa popba mippo. me ablenban fap unjeCpeopan populb psalfa. ■] me fa poplecan ppa bhnbne on fip bimme hoi. Da bepeapobon aelcepe lupcbaepneppe fa 6a ic him seppe beCpc Cpupobe. 6a penbon hi me heopa b»c to anb me mib ealle ppomjepican. To phon pceolban la mme ppienb pe^jan fsec ic gepaelij mon paepe. hu maej pe beon gepsehj pe Se on Sam ge- pself um Suphpunian ne moc ; • CAPUT III.» § I. DS ic fa Sip leof . cpaeS Boetiup. jeompienbe apungen hsepbe. Sa com Saep jan m Co me heopencunb ^ipbom. 3 -p mm mujmenbe ClOob mib hip popbum jejpecce. ■] fup cpaef . pu ne eapC fu pe mon f e on minpe pcole paepe apeb^ ] jelaepeb. 2Sc hponon pupbe fu mib fippum populb popgum fup ppife geppenceb. bucon ic pac f fu haeppc Sapa paspna Co hpafe popjicen Se ic fe sep pealbe. Da clipobe^ pe p'lpbom 3 cpsef . Eepicaf nu apipgebe populb popga op mraep fegenef CCobe. popf am ge pmb fa maapcan pceaf an. LaeCaf hine epC hpeoppan Co mmum lapum. Da eobe pe J/ipbom neap, cpaef BoeCiup. mmum hpeoppienban gef ohce. ■j hiC ppa niopul^ hpaec hpega* upapaspbe. abpigbe fa minep^ CWobep eagan. anb hit ppan blif um popbum.* hpaef ep hic oncneope hip poptepmobop.' mib Sam f e Sa f COob pif hip bepenbe.^ Sa gecneop hit ppif e ppeoCele hip agne' mobop. f paep pe f ipbom f e hiC lange aep Cybe 3 Isepbe. ac hic ongeaC hip lape ppif e Cocopenne -j ppif e cobpocenne^" mib "• Boet. lib. i. metrum 1. — Carmina qui quondam, &c. ^ Boet. lib. i. prosa 1. — Hac dum mecum, &o. > Cott. ajrebeb. ' Cott. cleopobe. = Bod. niopolil. * Cott. hmsn, Bod. minenef. » Cott. fpregn hj>um popfaum. » Cott. rffirtenmoboTi " Bod. pits bepenbe. » Cott. agene. '» Cott. totonene ~i rmbil tobposbene. " '^ § I. BOETHirS. 5 trouble, tHen was he so mucli the more disturbed in his mind, as his mind had formerly been the more accustomed to worldly prosperity ; and he then thought of no comfort in the prison ; but he fell down prostrate on the floor, and stretched himself, very sorrowful, and distracted began to lament himself, and thus singing said : CHAPTEE II. The lays which I, an exile, formerly with delight sung, I shall now mourning sing, and with very unfit words compose. Though I formerly readily invented, yet I now, weeping and sobbing, wander from appropriate words. To blind me, these unfaithful worldly riches, and to leave me so blinded ia this dim hole ! ^ At that time they bereaved me of all happiness, when I ever best trusted in them : at that time they turned their back upon me, and altogether departed from me! Wherefore should my friends say that I was a prosperous man ? How can he be prosperous, who in prosperity cannot always remain ? CHAPTEE III. § I. When I, said Boethius,had mournfully sung this lay, then came there into me heavenly Wisdom, and greeted my sorrowful Mind with his words, and thus said : How, art not thou the man who was nourished and instructed in my school ? But whence art thou becoipe so greatly afiGlicted by these worldly cares ? unless, I wot, thou hast too soon forgotten the weapons which I formerly gave thee. Then Wisdom called out and said. Depart now ye execrable worldly cares from my disciple's mind, for ye are the greatest enemies. Let him again turn to my precepts. Then came Wisdom near, said Boethius, to my sorrowing thought, and it so prostrate somewhat raised, then dried the eyes of my Mind, and asked it with pleasant words, whether it knew its foster- mother. Thereupon, when the Mind turned towards him, it knew very plainly its own mother, that was the Wisdom that long before had instructed and taught it. But it perceived his doctrine much torn and greatly broken, by the hands of foolish persons, and therefore asked him how that happened. 6' BOETHITJS. CHAP. IT byjigjia hon&nm..^ hine fa.jyan^ hu f gepujibe. Da an&fpyp&e ]-e |?if bom turn ■] j-^be. ^ hif gmgpan hsep boa hme j^a coco- penne. paaji fseji-hi teohhobon^hi hine eallne habban fceolbon. ac hi gegabepiaS monipealb bypij on pape popCpujmnga. -) on Jjam. Jilpe. bucan.heopa.hpelc ejrc to hype^ boce jecippe :• § II.° Da ongan j-e J/ij-bom hpeoprian pp faap GO.obej- tybepnejTe. ^ onjan pa jibbian ■] fup cpse]). Gala on bu gpunb- leapum peaSe f CCob fpin^p,^ jjonne bic bepfcypmaf fippe populbe unjeppaepnej-pa. jip biC ^onne popjet hip ajen leohc. •p: ip ece jepea. anb fpingj on fa ppemban fij-cpo. f pinb populb pppja. ppa ppa.Jiip GDob nu faej). nu.hiC nauht ellep nac bucan jnopnunja ; • § III. Dape.JZipbomfa^ peo Hepceabpipnep fip leof apungen hsepbon. pa ongan he epc pppecan -j cpaep Co fam CDobe. Ic gepeo f 8e ipnu ppoppe-mape t5eapp ponne unpocneppe ;• § IV. Foppam. gip pu 6e oppceamian'' pile Sinep gebpolan, fonne onginne ic pe pona bepan ^ fe bpinge mib me to heoponum. Da anbppopobe him •ji impose CDob "j cpasf . PpseE; la hpast pint pip nu pa gob ^ f eblean.'* pe ^u ealne peg gehece Sam monnum pe Se heoppumian polban. ip fip nu pe cpibe fe pu me geo paebept. f pe pipa Plato cpaabe. f pap. past nan anpealb naepe piht butan pihtum peapum. Eephpt fu nu faec pa pihcpipan pint lape 3 popfpycte. poppam hi tSmum piUan polbon pulgan. ^ pa unpyhcpipan peonban^ upahapene puph heopa ponb»ba ^ puph heopa pelphce. f hi py eS msegen heopa unpiht gepill poppbpmgan. hi pmb mib gipum ~\ mib geptpeo- num^ gepypppobe. poppam ic nu pille geopnlice to Eobe deopian. Ongan' Jia gibbien. 3 pup.pmgenbe cpaep. CAPUT IV.* GALA J)u pcippenb heoponep j eoppan. ])u Se on pam ecan petle picpapt. pu pe on hpaebum paepelbS pone heopon ymb- bpeo]ipepc. 3 t5a tunglu pu gebepc pe gehyppume. •] pa punnan ]; u gebept f heo mib heope beopihtan pciman pa peopcpe abpsepcp faepe ppeaptan nihte. ppa bep eac pe mona mib hip blacan leohte paec pa beophtan pteoppan bunniap on fam heop one. ge *^- Boet. lib. L metrnm 2. — Heu, quam prsecipiti, &c. * Boet. lib. i. metrum 5. — stelliferi conditor orbis, &c. 1 Cott. jpaegn. ' Cott. pihcpe. ^ Bod. bpingS. ' Cott. onpceamian. " Cott. goob anb ta eblean. * Cott. Tieubou. ' Cott. sepcpobiun. § II. III. IT. BOEinmrs. 7 Then answered "Wisdom to him and said,^that' his scholars had thus torn him, when they endeavoured to possess them- selves of him entirely. But they gather much folly by pre- sumption, and by arrogance, unless, any of them, to their amen d ment . return. § IL Then began "Wisdom to grieve for, the frailty of the Hind, andibegan to sing, and thus said: Alas! into how un- fathomable gulf the Mind rushes when the troubles of this world agitate it. If it then' forget its own light, which is: eternal joy, and rush into the outer darJjnesSj which are the cares of this world, as this Mind now does, now it knows nothing else but lamentations; § III. When Wisdom and Eeason had, sung- this lay, then began he again to speak, and said to the Mind: I see that there is- now more need to thee of comfort, than of bewailing. § lY. Therefore, if thou wilt be ashamed of thine error, then will I soon begin to bear thee up, and will bring thee with me to the heavens. Then answered the sorrovrful Mind- to him, and said : What ! O, what ! are these now the goods, and the reward, which thou always pronjisedst to the men who would. obey thee?. Is this now the saying, which thou, formerly toldest me that the wise Plato said, that was, that no power was right without right manners ? Seest thou now, that the virtuous are hated and oppressed, because they would follow thy will : and the wicked are exalted tlirough their crimes and through their seK-love ? That they may theibetteraecomplish their wicked purpose they are promoted with gifts and with riches. Wherefore I will now earnestly call upon God. He then began to sing, and thus singing said: CHAPTEE IV. O THOxr Creator of heaven and earth ! thou who reignest, on the eternal seat ! thou who tumest the heaven in a swift course ! thou makest the stars obedient to thee : and thou makest the sun, that she with her bright splendour dispels the darkness of the swarthy night. So does also the moon with hia pale light, which, obscures the bright stars in the 8 BOBTHirS. CHAP. V. eac hpilum fa ]Tinnan heope leohcej- bepeaf af fonne he becpux u]- 3 hipe pypj". je eac hpilum f one beophtan pceoppan f e pe hatap inopjen)reoppa, pone ilcan pe hacap oppe naman aepen- pceoppa. pu pe pam pmceji&asum j-elej-c pcopce ciba ;] fsep j-umepej- bahum lanjpan. pu pe pa tpeopa puph fone jceapcan pmb nopf an •] ea)-tan on hseppej-c cib heopa leapa bepeafapc. -j epc on lencten ofpu leap j-ellept. fuph fone jmylcan j-ufan pepcejman pmb. ppsec pe ealle jej-ceapca heopj-umiap ;] fa ge- petneppa pinpa beboba healbap. butan men anum pe tSe opepheopS. Gala ?5u SBlmihcisa pcippenb anb pihcenb eallpa gepceapta. help nu pmum eapmum moncynne.CPpy fu la Dpihten aeppe polbepc f peo pypb ppa hpyppan pcSolbe. heo fpeap pa unpcilbijan ■] nauhc ne ppeap pam pcilbigum. piccap manpulle on heahpeclum. 3 hahje unbep heopa poCum ppy- cap. pticiaf gehybbe beophce cpaepcap. -} fa unpihtpipan tselatS fa pihcpipan. nauht ne bepejaf monnum mane afap. ne ^ leape lot f e beof mib f am ppencum beppigen. popf am penc nu pulneah eaU moncyn on fcpeonunga gip peo pypb ppa hpeoppan moc on ypelpa manna jepiU. 3 f u heope nek ptipan. Eala mm Dpihten. pu f e eaUj jepceapta opeppihpt. hapa nu milbelice on f aj' eapman eopSan. anb eac on eall moncyn. popf am hit nu eall pinf on tSam ySum Sippe populbe ; • , CAPUT V." § I. DA f CDob fa fillic pap cpef enbe psep. 3 fip leof pin- genbe paep. pe pipbom fa 3 peo Eepceabpipnep him blifum eagum on locube.^ ■] he pop fsep CCobep geomepunge^ nsep nauht gebpepeb. ac cpaef to f am CDobe. 8ona ppa ic f e sepept on Sippe unpotneppe gepeah Sup mupcienbe.^ ic ongeat f Su psepe utapapen* op f mep psebep ef ele. f ip op mmum lapum. f Sep 8u him pope op Sa f u Sine pseptpsebneppe poplete. ^^ pen- bept f peo peopb^ f ap populb penbe heope agenep f oncep buton Eobep gefeahte. -j hip fapunge.^ ■] monna gepyphtum. Ic pipte f fu utapapen paepe. ac ic nypte hu peop. asp fu f e pelp hit me gepehtept mib f mum papcpibum. Sc f eah fu nu piep pie' fonne fu paepe. ne eapt fu feah eallep op fam eapbe abpipen. feah fu tSsep on gebpolofae. ne gebpohte Se eac ' Boet. lib. i. prosa 5. — Hseo ubi continuato dolore, &c. 1 Bod. eahvim on locobon. 2 Cojt, geompunsa. ' Cott. mupc menbe. * Cott. utabpiyen. » Cott. jio pyjib. « Cott, Se^apinga ' Bod. jyji jeo. § I- BOETHIirS. 9 heaven : and sometimes bereaves the sun of her light, when he is betwixt us and her; and sometimes the bright star which we call the morning star ; the same we call by another name, the evening star. Thou, who to the winter days givest short times, and to the summer's days, longer! Thou, who the trees, by the stark north-east wind in harvest-time, of their leaves bereavest ; and again in spring, other leaves givest, through the mild south-west wind! "What! do all creatures obey thee, and keep the institutions of thy com- mandments, except man alone, who is disobedient ? 0, thou almighty maker and governor of all creatures, help now thy miserable mankind. "Wherefore, O Lord, ever wouldest thou, that fortune should so vary ? She afflicts the innocent, and afflicts not the guilty. The wicked sit on high seats, and trample the holy under their feet. Bright virtues lie hid, and- the wicked deride the virtuous. Wicked oaths in no wise injure men, nor the false lot which is with fraud con- cealed. Therefore almost all mankind will now proceed in doubt, if fortune may thus vary according to the will of evil men, and thou wilt not control her. 0, my Lord, thou who overseest all creatures, look now mercifully on this miserable earth, and also on all mankind : because it now all struggles in the waves of this world, CHAPTEE V. § I. Whilst the Mind was uttering such sorrow, and was singing this lay, Wisdom and Eeason looked on him with cheerful eyes ; and he was nothing disturbed on account of the Mind's lamentation, but said to the Mind : As soon as I first saw thee in this trouble, thus complaining, I perceived that thou wast departed from thy father's country, that is from my precepts. Thou departedst therefrom when thou didst abandon thy fixed state of mind, and thoughtest that Portune governed this world according to her own pleasure, without God's counsel, and his permission, ai^ men's deserts. I knew that thou wast departed, but I knew not how far, until thou thyself toldest it to me, by thy lamentations. But though thou art now farther than thou wast, thou art not nevertheless entirely driven from the country ; though thou hast wandered therein. Nor, moreover, could any other 10 BOETHIUa. CHAP. T. nan ofep man on fam ge&jiolan: bucau fe fyijnim. fujih fine agene gemelefCe.' ne jeeolbe. fe eac nan man jyelcey to Selefan f sep Su gemunan polbej-C- hpylcpa jebyji&a; f u paspe'^ hpylcpa bupspapa pop popul&e.ofjje ep C jajTbce hpilcep gepep- pcipep Su.p»pe on tSmum COobe. ;] on f mp^^ gepcea&pipnepi-e. f ly f J)u eapC anfapa piliCpipenpa ■] fapa pilicpillen&pa. pa beof fsepe heopencunban lepupalem bupgpape. opfsepe naeppe nan. bucon^ hepelp polfae; ne peap]) abpipen. f ip op hip goban pilla. paepe Jiaep he paepe. pmie he haepbe fone mib him. })onne he fione mib him haepbe. psepe fsep he psepe. fonne pse)-* he mib hip agnum cynne. 3 mib hip ajnum bnphpapum on hip agnum eapbe fonne he paap on fape pyhcpipepa jemanan. Spa. hpa' jjonne ppa p»p pypfe bij) f he on heopa Seopbome beon moc. Jjonne hiS he on fam hehpCan ppeobome. Ne onpcunige ic no f as]- neofepan anb fasp unclaenan pcope. jip ic J)e jepabne jemeCe. Ne me na^ ne lypc mib jlape jepophtpa paga ne heahpecla'^ mib golbe ^ mib gimmum gepenebpa. ne boca mib golbe appiCenpa me ppa. ppy]?ene lypc. ppa melypt on ])e pihcep piUani. Ne pece ic no hep pa bee. a,c f f pa bee poppcenc' paec. ic pm^ gepic ppipepihte. pu peopobepc pa pon- pypb' »gp36p ge: on papa unpihcpippa anpealba heaneppe. ge on minpe unpuppnepj-e anb popepeupeneppe. ge on papa man- pulpa popppoplaeCeneppe on pap popiilb ppeba. Ac poppon pe pe ip ppipe^" micel unpocnepp nu getenge." ge op Smum yppe. ge op ^mum^^ gnopnunga. ic Se ne maag nu gee geanbpypban asp Son Saep tib^' pyp& '. ■ ^% 11.' Eoppan eall f mon unciblice ongmp.^'' naepp hiC no aelcaspne'^ enbe. Donne paepe punnan pcima on SugupCnp monpe haCapc pcmp. ponne bypegap pe pe ponne pile hpilc y^b oppsepCan pambpium'^ pupum. ppa bep eac pe Se pmcpegum pebepum pile, blopman'^ pecan. Ne miht pu pin ppingan on mibne pmtep J^ Seah Se pel lypte peapmep muptep ; . ^ § III.? Da clipobe pe pipbom -j cpaep. GDot ic nu cunnian bpon pinne'^ paepcpaebneppe. paec ic panon^" ongiton maege hpo- nan^' ic pin Crlian pcyle y hu. Da anbpypbe f GOob ■] cpoep. f Boet. lib. i. meduin- 6. — Cum Phcebi radiis grave, &c. s Boet. lib. i. prosa G. — Primum igitnr paterisne, &c. ' Cott. giemeherce. 2 Bod. pinne. ^ go^, bntav . ' Bod. psene. » Cott. no. ^ Bod. Sephtpa heahpetla. ' Bod. popl'ent. e CojjI pafc ip )>in. " Cott. poonpyjifa. ■» Cott. ppa. " Cott. gee Seteuge! 12 Cott. J>mp& « Cott. tub. " Cott. uutublice ongynS. is Bod! adcasne. i« Cott. bjiy^m. "Cott. bloj-Cman. '» Bod. prunjati on mebfae piuEep. " Bod. }>m. » Cott. Jjonan. " Cott. hponon. § II. III., BOEUHmS. 11 man lead tHee into error, except thyself, through thine own DiBgligenee. Nor could any one thus believe it of thee, wheni thou wouldest.call to mind, of what families thou wast, and of what citizens, as to the world : or again, spiritually, of what society thou wast in thy mind,, and in thy reason: that is that thou art one of the just, and of those who' will rightly, who are the citizens of the -heavenly Jerusalem. Thence no. one was ever driven against his own will,, that: is from his right will. Wheresoever he might hej he had this always with him ; when he had this with him, wheresoever he might) he, he was with his own. kin,, and with his own. citizens, in his own land, when he was in the company of the just. Whosoever, then, is worthy of this, that he may be in their service, he is in the highest: freedom. L shun not this; iaferior; and this unclean place, if I find thee well in- structed. I am not desirous of walls wrought with glass, or of thrones ornamented with gold and with jewels ; nor. am I so desirous of books written with gold, as I am desirous, of a right will in thee. I seek not here books, but that which: books are profitable for, that 1 may make thy mind perfectly right. Thou complainedest.of evil fortune, both on account of the height of unjust power, and on account of my mean- ness and dishonour ; and also on account of the uncontrolled license of- the wicked, with respect to these worldly goods. But as very great trouble has now come upon thee, both from thine anger and from thy sorrow, I may not yet answer thee, before the time for it arrives. § II. Eor whatsoever any one begins out of season, has no , good end. When the sun's brightness in the month of August \ hottest shines ; then, does he foolishly, who will at that time sow any seed in the dr.y furrows.- So also does he, who wiU seek flowers in the storms of winter. jN'or canst thou press wine at mid-winter, though than be desirous of warm must. § III. Then spake Wisdom, and said : May I now inquire a little concerning the fixedness of thy mind, that I may thereby discover whence and how I may effect thy cure ? Then answered the Mind, and said : Inquire as thou wilt. 12 BOETHIUS. CHAP. V. Eunna j-pa fu piUe. Da cpaef j-eo rrej-ceabpipnef.' EelepfC fu fsec yeo pypb peal&e fij-pe populbe. oSSe auhc [sobef] ppa gepeopfan mBege tucan fam pyphcan.^ Da anbpyji&e f COob ] cpseS. Ne gelype* ic no f hie jepeopl^an mihce ppa enbe- bypblice. ac Co jofan^ ic pac f ce Eob pihcepe ip hip agnep peopcep. ^ ic no ne peaji]) op fam popan jeleapan. Da anb- ■ pypbe pe ^ipbom epC 3 cpaef. Ymbe ■p ilce J)u jybbobepc nu hpene sep anb cpsebe. f aelc puhc ppom Ilobe pipce' hip pitc fciman. ^ hip pihce jepetneppe puleobe bucan menn anum. poppam ic punbpige ppipe unjemetlice hpaat pe peo' offe hpsec fu msene nu pu pone jeleapan hsappc. Sc pic pculon feah 51C beoplicop ymbe f beon.* 10 nac pul geape ymbe hpaeC fu gyc® Cpeopc. jepeje me. nu fu cpipc f fu nahc^" ne cpeoje f ceGob fippe populbe pihcepe" pie. hu he ponne polbe f heo paepe. Da anbpynb f COob ^ cp»Ji. Uneape ic msej poppcanban fine acpunga. ~j cpipc peah f ic ]>e anfcpypban pcyle. 8e |7ipbom fa cpsej). J7enpc Su f ic nyCe f one pol'^ pmpe jebpepebneppe Se 8u mib ymbpangen eapC. ac jeje me hpelcep enbep selc angm pilmge. Da anbpypbe "p CDob 3 cpsef. Ic hic jemunbe jeo. ac me hsepf feop jnopnung paepe gemynbe benumen. Da cpseS pe ^ipbom. J7apc Su hponan aelc puhc come.^^ Da anbpypbe f (Cob •] cpsBji. Ic pac aelc puhc ppam Eobe com. Da cpaep pe |7ipbom. pumaeg paec beon. nu fu f anjm papC. f Su eac fone enbe nyCe. popfam peo Eebpepebnep maej f GDobe onpCypian.-'* ac heo hic ne maej hip jepiccep bepeapien. Sc ic polbe f pu me paebepc hpaefep pu pipcepc^^ hpaec pu pelp paepe. pic pa anbpypbe ^ cpaef . Ic pac f ic on hbbenbum men ;] on jepceabpipum eom ^ peah on beablicum. Da anbpypbe pe ^ipbom ^ cpaef. J7apC pu ahc^' ofper bi ]>6 pelpum Co pecjanne buCan^' ^punu paebepc. Da cpasp f CDob. Nac ic nauhc oppep. Da cptep pe ^ipbom. Nu ic habbe" ongiCen Sine opmobneppe. nu Su pelp nape hpaeC fu pelp eapC. ac ic paC hu fin man jecihani^ ]'ceal. popf am f u paebepc f f u ppecca^" paepe ■] bepeapob aelcep gobep. popf am f u nepcepc hpaeC f u paepe. fa f u cyf bepc f pu nepcepc hpelcep enbep aelc anjin pilnobe. fa in penbepc f^^ pceop- ' Cott. Sceabpirnej-. ' Bod. nelefj-t. s Bod. pyjihcum. ■• Bod. gehjrbe. ' Cott. j-ojjum. « Cott. pirre. ' Cott. j-y. s Cott bion. 1 Cott. Sies. " Cott. noht. " Cott. pihEpipse. >= Cott. bem. " Cott. cume. " Cott. aj-typigan. " Cott. pij-j-e. i« Cott. auht. " Cott. bnton. " Cotj. heebbe. " Cott. tilian. 20 Cott'. ppeccea. *' Cott. ))8et te. § III. BOETHITTS. 13 Then said Eeason : Dost tliou believe that Tortune governs this world, or that aught of good can be thus made, without the Maker ? Then answered the Mind, and said : I do not believe that it could be made so full of order j but I know forsooth that Grod is governor of his own work, and I never swerved from this true belief. Then answered Wisdom again, and said: About that very thing thou wast singing a little while ago, and saidst, that every creature from Q-od knew its right time, and fulfilled its right institution, except man alone. Therefore I wonder beyond measure, what it can be, or what thou meanest, now thou hast this belief. "We must, however, inquire still more deeply concerning it. I do not know very well about what thou still doubtest. Tell me, since thou sayest that thou doubtest not that God is governor of this world, now He, then, would that it should be. Then answered "the Mind, and said : I can scarcely understand thy questions, and yet thou sayest that I must answer thee. Wisdom then said : Dost thou think that I am ignorant of the severity of thy trouble, that thou art encompassed with ? But tell me, to what end does every beginning tend ? Then answered the Mind, and said : I remembered it formerly, but this grief has deprived me of the recollection. Then said Wisdom : Dost thou Imow whence every creature came ? Then answered the Mind, and said : I know that every creature came from God. Then said Wisdom-: How can it be, that now thou knoweat the beginning, thou Icnowest not also the end ? for grief may agitate the mind, but it cannot bereave it of its faculties. But I desire that thou wouldest inform me, whether thou knowest what thou thyself art. It then answered, and said : I know that I am of living men, and rational, and neverthe- less of mortal. Then answered Wisdom, and said: Knowest thou anything else, to say of thyself, besides what thou hast now said ? Then said the Mind : I know nothing else. Then said Wisdom : I have now learned thy mental disease, since thou knowest not what thou thyself art : but I know how I must cure thy disease. For this reason thou saidst thou wert an exile, and bereaved of all good, because thou knewest not what thou wert. Thou showedst that thou didst not know to what end every beginning tended, when thou thoughtest that 14 BOHTHirS. CHAP. TI. leaj-e men ^ peceleaj-e paapon - gej-aehge ^ peal&enfaaj- firfe populbe. -J ijweji fu cyj^&ejrc eac f fu nyj-cert mi& hpilcan gepece Cob j^lc fij-re popul&e. ojjfe hu he polbe f heo paepe. fa ])u )isefae]-C -p Jm pen&ejrc^ f .]7ioj- j-lifne pynb faj- populb penbe busan Eober feaice.'' ac* f .pae]- j-pife micel pleoh f Su rpa penan j-ceolbepc. Nsej- hiC na^ f an f ]ju on un^emeclicum ungej-aelfum psepe. ac eac f ])u fulneah mib eaUe pppupbe. Danca nu Eobe f he 6e jepdciimabe fsec ic |jm gepit mib ealle ne poplec. pe habba^ nu geoc fone msejrCan Seel ])»pe tynbpan fmpe hsele.^ nu pu geleoffC f yeo pypb Suph hie f.el]me butan Eobep gepeahte fap populb penban ne meeje. nu fu ne feapjS; ]je nauhc onbpseban. popfam fe op fam lytlan ppeapcan tSe ^u mib ])8epe cynbpan gepenge Lp ef leohc fe on- liehteJ 3c hit nip giC )-e cima f ic ]3e heahcop mseje onbpyp- ban. fopfam'hiC ip selcep mobep pipe f* pona ppa hiC p oplsec popcpibap. ppa poljaj) hic leapppeUunja. op Jiaem fonne onjin- naS peaxan pa mipcap pe •^ CDob jebpepa]). ■] mib ealle popb- pilmaS fa pofan jepiehpe ppelce mipcap ppelce nu on Smum CDobe pinban. Sc ic hiepceal sepepc gefmnian.' f ic piSSan;])y ej) msege Jiset poJ>e leohc on pe gebpmjan ; • CAPUT VI." ( LOEA nu be faepe punnan. ~\ eac be o15pum cun^lum. fonne j-peapCan polcnu him bepopan gap. ne magon hi fonne heopa leohc peUan. ppa eac pe pufepna "pmb hpilum mrclum pcopme gebpepeji pa pae 'Se sap paep pmylce pebepe jlsephlucpu on CO peonne. ponne heo fonne ppa gemengeb pyp8 mib t5an yfum. ponne pyjif heo ppife hpaSeunglabu. peah heo sep jlabu p»pe on CO locienne. ppaec eac pe bpoc. f eah he ppipe op hip pihc pyne. f onne paep micel pcan pealpienbe op fam heahan munce on innan pealj>. ^ hme CdbselS. ^ hvm hip pihc pynep pippcenc. ppa boS nu fa f eppCpo f mpe jebpepebneppe pifpcanban mmumleohcum lapum. Scgip fupilmje on pihcum jeleapan-p pofe leohc oncnapan. apyp ppam fe pa ypelan pselfa ■] t5a un- neccan. ^ eac fa unneccan unjepself a. "] f one yplan ege f ippe populbe. f ip f aeC 6u Se ne anhebbe on opepmecco on finpe gepunbpulneppe ■] on f mpe oppopgneppe. ne epc f e ne geopcpype •> Boet. lib. i. metrum 7. — ITubibus atris, &c. 1 Cott. hpelcepe. ' Cott. penbe. ^ Cott. Se>eahte. ■> Cott. eac. 5 Cott. no. « Cott. hailo. ' Cott. onlyhse. « Cott. f te. "Bod! Se>innsian. , t CHAP. TI. EOETHIttS. 15 outrageous and reckless men were happy and powerful in this world : and moreover thou showedst that thou didst not know with what government God rules this world, or how He would that it should be, when thou saidst that thou thoughtest that this inconstant Fortune changes 'this world without God's counsel. But it was a very great peril that thou shouldest so think. I^ot only wast thou in immoderate trouble, but thou hadst well-nigh altogether perished. Thank God, there- fore, that he has assisted thee, so that I have not entirely for- saken thy mind. We have already the chief part of the fuel for thy cure, now thou believest that ]?ortune cannot of her- self, without God's counsel, change this world. Now thou hast no need to fear anything, for from the little spark which thou hast caught with this fuel, the light of life will shine upon thee. But it is not yet time that I should animate thee more highly : for it is the custom of every mind, that as soon as it forsakes true sayings, it follows false opinions. From hence, then, begin to grow the mists which trouble the mind, and withal confound the true sight, such mists as are now on thy mind. But I must dispel them first, that I may afterwards the more easily bring upon thee the true light. CHAPTEE ¥1. Look now at the sun, and also at the other heavenly bodies ; when the swarthy clouds come before them, they cannot give their light. So also, the south wind sometimes with a great storm troubles the sea, which before, in serene weather, was transparent as glass to behold. When, it then is so mingled with the billows it is very quickly unpleasant, though it before was pleasant 'to look upon. So also is the brook,"though it be strong in its right course, when a great stone rolling down from the high mountain falls into it, and divides it, and hinders it from its right course. In like manner does the darkness of thy trouble now withstand my enlightened precepts. But if thou art desirous with right (faith to know the true light; put away from thee evil and vain joys, and also the vain sorrows, and the evil fear of this world; that is, that thou lift not up thyself with arrogance, 16 BOETHIirS. CHAP. TU. nanej- jobej- on nanpe pifeppeapbnej-pe. fopiSam f sec COob j-iemle biS gebun&en mi& sebpepebneppe. f»]i firra Cpega ypla aufep picj-a'S : • CAPUT VII.' § I. DS sej-pigobe j-e firbom ane lycle hpile. offset; he onSeac fsef OOobej- injef ancaj-. fa he hi fa onjicen hap be. «a cpsetS he. Eip ic fine unpocnej-j-e on pihc onjiten hsebbe. fonne nip fe nauhti ppifopfonne f fsec fu poplopen hseppc. fa populb pselSa f e fu sep hsepbepc. 3 geompapc nu popf am f e heo onhpyppeb ip. Ic onjite genoh ppeocule f Sa populb pself a mib ppif e manigpe ppetneppe ppif e lycehce oleccaf f sem GDobum f e hi on lapc pillaf ppif opt beppican. -j fonne aeC mhpcan. fonne hy Isept psenaf .^ hi on opepmobneppe' poplsetaf on f am maeptan pape. Eip Su nu pitan pile hponan hy cumaf . fonne mihc* fu ongican^ f hi cumaS op populb jicpunja. Eip fu fonne heopa f eapap pican pile, fonne mihc f u onjycan "p hie ne beof nanum men jeCpeope.'' be fsem fu mihc' ongiCan f fu fsep nane myphf e on nsepbepC. 8a fa fii hie hsepbepc. ne epc nane ne poplupe. fa fa fu hie poplupe. Ic penbe •p ic f e 510 jelsepeb hsepbe f fu hi oncnapan cuf epC* 3 ic pipCe^ f fu hi onpcune- bept. fa fa fu hie haepbept. feah fu heopa bpuce. Icpipce^" f fu mine cpibap pH heopa pillan opt paebepc. ac ic pac f nan jepuna ne msej nanum man^^ beon onpenbeb. f fsec GOob ne pie be pumum bsele onpcypeb. popf am fu eapc eac nu op f mpe pCilneppe ahpoppen ; . § II.'' Eala CDob. hpaeC bepeapp fe on fap^^ cape "j on fap gnopnunja. hpsec hpeju ungepunelicep" f f e on becumen ip ppelce ofpum monnum aep f ilce ne ejlebe. Eip fu fonne penpt f hit on fe gelonj pe f fa populb pselfa on f e ppa onpenba pmc. fonne eapc f u on jebpolan. ac heopa f eapap pmc ppelce. hie beheolbon on f e heopa'* ajen gecynb. -j on heopa'^ panblunga hie gecyf bon heopa paepCpsebneppe.^'' ppilce.^'f hy'* > Boet. lib. ii. prosa 1. — Posthseo panlisper obticuit, &c. ^ Boet. lib. ii. prosa 1. — Quid est igitur, homo, &c. 1 Cott. nohe. ^ Cott. Jena's. ' Cott. ojimobneppe. * Cott. meahs, ' Cott. ongecan. « Bod. ne Speope. ' Cott. meahE. « Cott. mie, Cott. anb ic pipre. '" Cott. pippe. " Cott. men. '2 Bod. ha! " Cott. penj-c >u ■p hithpseC nipep pe. o'iJSe hp»t hpugu unsepiplicer! " Cott. hiopa. '' Cott. hiopa. "* Cott. unp^rcpBebneppe. " Cott] j^ylce. " Cott. hi. § I. II. BOETHIUS. 17 in tby health, and in thy prosperity ; nor again, despair of any good in any adreraifcy. For the Mind is ever bound with misery, if either of these two evils reigns. CHAPTER VII. § I. Then was Wisdom silent a little while, till he per- ceived the Mind's thoughts. When he had perceived them, then said he: If I have rightly understood thy trouble, nothing affects thee more than this, that thou hast lost the worldly prosperity which thou formerly hadst, aud now lamentest because it is changed. I perceive clearly enough that worldly goods with many an allurement very deceitfully flatter the minds which they intend at last utterly to betray : and then at length, when they least expect it, scornfully leave them in the deepest sorrow. If thou now* desirest to know whence they come, then mayest thou learn that they come from worldly covetousness. If thou then wilt know their manners, thou mayest learn that they are not faithful to any man. Hence thou mayest understand that thou hadst no pleasure when thou hadst them ; nor again, didst lose any when thou didst lose them. I thought that I had formerly instructed thee, so that thou mightest know them ; and I knew that thou despisedst them when thou hadst them, though thou didst use them. I knew that thou, against their wiU, didst often repeat my sayings. But I know that no custom can be changed in any man without the mind being in some measure disquieted. Therefore thou art also now moved from thy tranquillity. § II. Mind, what has cast thee into this care, and into these lamentations ? Is it something unusual that has hap- pened to thee, so that the same before ailed not other men ? If thou then thinkest that it is on thy account that worldly goods are so changed towards thee, then art thou in error : for their manners are such. They kept towards thee their own nature, and in their changeableness they show their con- stant state. They were exactly, when they most allured thee, such as they are now, though they flattered thee with false happiness. Thou hast now understood the unstable promises 18 BOETH-roSi CHAP. Til. psepon pihte- fa hi Se mgapc geoleccan rpJoe hi nu pnbon. feah fe hy fe oleccan^ on fa leaj-an j-aslfa. Nu fu hxipft onsycen fa ponclan tpupa'^ psej- blmfean luj-cep. 8a cpiopa «e «e nu j-m&on opene. hi fmbon gic mib manesum ofpum behelebe. Nu fu papc hpelce feapap fa populb p»lfa habbaf ^ hu hi hpeapfiaf . Eij: fu fonne heopa fejen beon pile. ~i fe heopa f eapa]- hciaf . Co hpon mypnpc f u ppa ppif e. hpi ne hpeappopc t5u eac mibhimi gip tSu fonne heopa unfcpeopa onpcunige. opep- hoga? hi fonne -j abpip hi ppam f e. popf am^ hi ppanaf f e to f inpe unf eapepe : • Da dean f e 8e jebybon nu f ap %nopmin'^a. popf am f e f u hi haepbepC. fa ilcan f e psapon on pCilneppe. Jip f u hi na ne unbeppenge : • Da ilcan f e habbaf nu heopa- agnep f ancep poplecan. nalep fmep. fa f e naeppe nanne mon bucon popje ne poplsetaf . Dyncaf f e nu ppife bype* -j ppif e leope fa fmg tSa f e nauf ep ne pinC ne jecpepe Co habbenne. ne eac eSe Co poplpecanne. ac fonne heo hpam ppom hpeop- penbe beoS." be hi' pceal mib f am maepCan pape hip mobep ' poplsetan ; • Nu 8u hie fonne aapcep f inum pillan f e jecpepe habban ne mihc.° -j hf f e pillaf on mupnunga' gebpmgan; fonne hie f e ppam hpeoppaf . to hpsem cumaf hi fonne ellep. bucan Co Cacnunje popjep ■] anpealbep papep : • Ne pmbon fa populb pasKa' ana ymb Co fencenne fe mon fonne h^pf . ac. selc jleE^ GDob behealc bpelcne enbe hi habbaf. ^ hic ge- papenaf segfep gepif heopa fpeaunja ge pif olecunja. Ac gip fu pile beon heopa Segn.' fonne pcealc fu geopne gefolian ge- hpsec f Sep f e Co heopa fenungum. ■] Co heopa feapum. ■] Co heopa piUan belimyf . Eip fu fonne pilnapc f heo pop ^mum f ingum ofpe f eapap nimen. of pe' heopa piUa 3 heopa gepuna ip; hu ne unpeopfapcfufonnefepelpne. f gec f u pmpS^" pif fam hlapopbpcipe f e fu pelp gecupe -j ppa peah ne meahc" hiopa pibu -J heopa gecynb onpenfean. ppsec f u paCpc gip t5u fmep pcipep pegl ongean ^Sone pmb cobpaebpc. f fu fonne laacpc ed eopep paspelb Co fssp- pmbepbome. ppa gip fu^^ fe pelpne Co anpealbe fam populb p»lfum gepealbepc. hit ip pihc f asC fu eac heopa- feapum pulgange. |7©npc f u f ?5u f hpeppenbe hpeol. fonne hiC on pyne pypf . masge oncjppan ; • Ne mihc fu f on ma f apa populb paelf a hpeappunga onpenban ; • ' Cott. holcen. ' Cott. pandan Sjieopa. s Coji^ orenhisa ' WaDting in Bod.' MS. ' Cott. biope. « Cott. meaht. 7 Cott, mupeunsa. ' Cott. 'Sfegn •] hiopa hiepa. ° Cott. ojjep, ^ Bod', pils. " ne meahs is wanting in Bod. MS. '* Cott. j-pa eac tn \>u. § II. BOETHIirS. 19 of this blind pleasure. These promises •which are now ex- posed to thee, are yet to many others concealed. Thou now knowest what manners worldly goods have, and how they change. If thou, then, art desirous to be their servant, and tiieir manners are pleasing to thee, wherefore mournest thou so much ? Why changest thou not also with them ? But if. thou wonldst avoid their deceits, then despise them, and drive them from thee, for they seduce thee to thy ruin. The same things which have now occasioned to thee these lamenta-- tions, hecause thou hadst them, would have suffered thee to be in tranquillity if thou never hadst obtained them. The same Aings have now forsaken theOj of theirown will, not of; thine, which never forsake any man without occasioning sorrow. Do these things now seem to thee very dear and very precious, which are neither constant to possess, nor yet easy to relinquish : but when they are departing from any one, he' shall with the greatest sorrow of his mind relinquish them ? Since, then, thou canst not, according to thy wish, have them faithful to thee, andthey will bring, thee into mourning when they depart from thee ; for what else then do they come, but for a token of care and unmixed sorrow ? The worldly goods are not alone to be thought about which we at the time pos- sess, but every prudent mind observes what end they have ; and forewarns itself both against their threats, and against their alluremaats. But if thou choosest to be their servant, ■ then oughtest thou willingly to bear whatever belongs to their service, and to their manners, and to their will. If thou, then, art . desirous that they should, on thy account, assume other manners than their will and custom is ; dost thou not then dishonour thyself, inasmuch as thou rebellest against the government which thoa thyself hast chosen ? and. nevertheless thou, canst not change their custom or their nature. Besides,, thou knowest that if thou spreadest the sail of thy ship to the wind, thou then .leavest all thy course to the power of the wind. So, if thou hast given up thyself to the power of worldly goods, it is right that thou shouldest also follow their manners. Thinkest thou, that thou canst turn back the revolving^ wheel when it moves in its course ? No more canst thou alter the inconstancy of worldly pros- perity. C2 20 BOETHITJS. CHAP. Til. § III.' Ic polbe nu i&c f piC mape' rppKcan ymbe fa populb ]-KlSa. to hpam setpite pu me aep 'p tSu hi poplupe pop mmum «in5uin:. Ppi mupcnapc^ ]>u pit5 mm. ppilce pu pop mmum tSmgum peo' 8mep ajnep benumen. segfep %e ]>mpa pelona. ge fmep peopfpcipep. aejf ep fapa fe com sep ppom me. fa hi f e on laenbe psepon : • Uce nu cellan bep opan ppilcum beman ppilce fu pille. •] jipfugepepanmihc^ senig faeaphc man ppelcep hpac ajnep ahte. ic hic f e epc eal ajipe f fu jepeccan mihc f finep ajnep paepe : • Dypme* ^ ungelsepebne ic fe unbeppeng fa fu aepept Co monnum become. ^ pa pe gerybbe. ;] jelsepbe. ■] fe fa pnyctpo on jebpohce f e fu fa populb ape mib begeace. f e f u nu popgienbe anpoplete. f u mihc f aep habban fane f^ fu mmpa gipa pel bpuce. Ne mihc fu no gepeccan. f fu fmep auhc poplupe. PpaeC peop apc f u pif me ; . pabbe ic f e apep be- numen f inpa gipena f apa f e f e ppom me comon I . Mlc pof pela. anb pof peopfpcipe pmbon mine ague f eopap. 3 ppa hpaep ppa 10 beo he beof mib me. ^ice fu pop potS. gip f fine agne^ pelan paepon f e f u msenbepC f f u poplupe. ne mihcepc f u hi^ popleoj-an. Gala hu ypele me bof manege populb menn mib Sam ■^ 10 ne mqc pealban mmpa agenpa f eopa.* Se heopen moc bpengon leohce bagap. 3 epC f leohc mib feopCpum behelian.® f geap mocbpenganblopman.^" 3 f y ilcan geape ep c geniman.'' peo pse moc bpucan pmylcpa yfa. j eaUe gepceapca mocan heopa gepunan anb heopa pillan bepiCigan bucan me anum. Ic ana eom benumen mmpa feapa 3 eom geCogen Co ppembum feapam. Suph Sa ungepylban giCpunge^^ populb monna. 6uph fa gicpunga hi me habbaf benumen minep naman fe ic mib pihce habban pceolbe. f one naman ic pceolbe mib pihce habban. f ic psepe pela ^ peopfpcipe. ac hie hme habbaf on me genu- men. 3 hie^* me habbaS gepealbne'* heopa plencum -j geCehhob Co heopa leapum pelum. '^ ic ne moc mib mmum tSeapum minpa Senunga pulgangan. ppa ealla oSpa gepceapca mocon : • Da mine f eopap pmbon j7ipbomap. -j Epsepcap. ■] po?e pelan. mib f am f lopum -psij on pymbel mm plega. mib f am f eopum ic eom ealne fone heopon ymbhpeoppenbe. ■] fa nif emercan ic 1 Boet. lib. ii. prosa 2. — Tellem autem pauca, &o. ' Cott. ma. ^ Bod. mnpcaj-. ' Cott. jie. ' Cott. byrigne ^ unlsepefane. ' Bod. J)a. « Bod. ajnan. ' Cott. hi na. » Cott J>eapa. » Cott. beheligan. " Cott. blopsman. " Bod. jeane Sem- man. " Cott. unsejrylleban Sitr"°Sa. " Cott. hme. " Bod Sehelbene. § in. BOETHirs. 21 § III. I am still desirous that we should discourse further concerning worldly goods. Why didst thou, just now, up- braid me that thou hadst lost them on my account ? Why- dost thou complain against me, as if thou, for my advantage, wert deprived of thine own ; either of thy riches or thy dig- nity ? both of which formerly came to thee from me, when they were lent thee. Let us now speak before such judge as thou wilt; and if thou art able to prove that any mortal man possessed anything of this kind as his own, I will give thee again all that thou canst say was thine own. I received thee ignorant and uninstructed, when thou first earnest t$ man's estate, and then taught and instructed thee, and im- parted to thee wisdom, whereby thou obtainedst the worldly possessions which thou now sorrowing hast lost. Thou mayest therefore be thankful that thou hast well enjoyed my gifts. Nor canst thou say that -thou hast lost aught of thine own. Why complainest thou against me ? Have I in any wise de- prived thee of those thy gifts which came to thee from me ? All true wealth and true dignity, are mine own servants, and wheresoever I am, they are with me. Know thou for truth, if the riches which thou art lamenting that thou hast lost them, had been thine own, thou couldest not have lost them. 0, how unjustly do many worldly men act towards me, in that I may not govern mine own servants ! The heaven may bring light days, and again obscure the light with darkness : the year may bring blossoms, and the same year again take them away. The sea may enjoy calm waves ; and all creatures may keep their custom and their will, except me alone. I alone am deprived of my manners, and am allured to manners foreign to me, through the insatiable covetousness of worldly men. Through covetousness have they deprived me of my name, which I should rightly have. This name I should rightly have, that I am wealth and dignity : but they have taken it from me, and in their pride they have given and drawn me to their false riches ; so that I may not, with my servants, exercise my employments as all other creatures may. My servants are wisdom, and virtues, and true riches. With these servants was always my pastime ; with these servants I am encompassing all the heaven, and the lowest I bring to the highest, and the highest to the lowest ; that is, I bring humility 22 BOETHmS. CHAP.TII. gebpengeaec fam liehj-tan. ] Sa hehjscan sec })am nifeme]i;an. fsec ir f^ ic gebpense eaJjHiobnen-eonheopoimm. ] fa heopon- .licam 2ob sec Jam eapmebiim. Scfonneic upjepajie mib mmuin . peopum. Jjonne popj^eo pe fap j-cypmenban popvtlb. ]"pa pe eapn j)onn&heup gepic bupan fa polcnu fcypmenbiun pebepum 'p him tSa j-copmap bepian ne mahan : • ^ Spa ic polbe. la CCob. f fu pe pope up CO up. gip Se ly]-ce. on jja gepab f fu epc nub up fa eopfan pecan pillepop jobpa manna feappe ;• pu ne papt fu mme f eapap. Ku geopne ic pymble psep ymbe jobpa mamia feappe :• fapc fu hu ic gepanb ymbe Epeopop feappe I^eoa •cynmgep. fa fa lime Eipup Paeppa cynmg jepangen. hsepbe tj hme popbsepnan polbe. fa hme man on f pyp peapp fa alypbe IC hme mib heoponlicon pene. Ac fu fe popcpupubepc pop f inpe pihcpipneppe ■j pop f mum gofaan pillan penbepC f eec f e nan puhc unpihclicep on becuman ne mihce. ppelee ^u polbepc 8a lean eallpa f inpa gobena peopea on f ippe populbe habban : • pu mihcepc fu piCBan on .mibbum jemsenum pice, f fu ne pceolbepc f ilce gef olian f o^pe men : • pu mihcepc Su beon on mibpe f ippe/hpeappunga. f fu eac mib eapepof e* pum eopel ne gepelbepc ; • ppsec pinjaS fa leofpyphcan ofpep be f ippe populb. bucon miplica* hpeppunga f ippe populbe ; • ppsec ip f e f onne. f f u f aep mib ne ne hpeappije ; • ppaec pecpB f u hu ge hpeappian.^ nu ic piemle nub Se beo ; • De pap feop hpeap- pung becepe. popfam SeSippa populb pseKa Co pelnelypce. anb .fsec fu fBieac becpe na gelepbe ;• ^ § IV." Deah tSaem peohgicj-epe cume ppa pela pelena. ppa fapa ponbcopna beof be f ipum paeclipum. oSSe fapa pceoppena ;fe f eopcpum mhcum pcmaf . nepoptechefeahino fapeopunga. ;'^ he ne peopige hip eopmSa. Deah nu Eob gepylle tSapa pelegpa .monna piUan g* mib golbe. ge mib peolppe. ge mib eallum beoppypfneppum. ppaSeah ne bif pe' SuppC gepylleb heopagiE- , punga. ac peo gpunbleape ppelgenb haepf ppif e manegu pepce holu on Co gabpianne.' ppa mseg f am pebenban gycpepe genioh popgipan. ppa him mon mape pelf . ppa hme ma lypc ;. ] § 'V.° pu pile fu nu anbpypban fsem populb paelf rbn gir lii cpeSan' Co Se. ppsec picpc fu up. la COob.hpi ippapc fu pif up. -■^ Boet. lil). ii. metrum 2. — Si quantas rapidis, &c. ■ » Boat. lib. ii. prosa 3. — Hisiigitur,&c. ' :Bod. ji Jitet. 2 Cott. bepigan ne m»Son. a Cott. nehpeanrobe * Bod. buean mptlice. = Cott. hpeappigen. « Bod. hpeappunt raelba fco pel Selypce Tpi>n eac beEepa ne Selepfaejr. » Bod. he ne beo'S. 8 Bod manega pepeehola so gabpienne. " Cott. cpe'Sa'S. § IT. T. BOETHItrS. 23 to the heavens, and heavenly blessings to the humble. Bat when I ascend with my servants, then look we down on this stormy world, like the eagle, when he soars above the clouds in stormy weather, that the storms may not hurt him. In ■like manner, I am desirous, O Mind, that thou shouldest ascend to us, if thou art willing : on the condition that thou wUt again .with us seek the earth for the advantage of good men. Dost thou not know my manners ? how careful I always was concerning the wants of good men ? Knowest thou how mindful I was of the necessity of Croesus, the 'Grrecian king, when Cyrus, king of Persia, had seized him, and would burn him ? When they cast him intothe fire, J delivered him with heavenly rain. But thou, on account of .thy virtue, wast over-confident ; and thoughtest that because of thy good intention nothing unjust could befal thee : as if JJiou wouldest have the reward of all thy good works in this world ! How couldest thou dwell in the midst of the common country, without suifering the same as other men? How StiCOuldest thou be in the midst of this changeable state, with- jout also feeUng some evil through adversity ? What else do .the poets sing concerning this world, but the various changes of this world ? What is there peculiar to thee, that thou tshouldest :not change therewith ? Why carest thou how it jnay change, when I am always with thee ? This change was to thee more tolerable, because thou didst not too much desire these worldly goods, and because thou didst not, more- over, place greater confidence in them. ' §JV. Though to the covetous man come as many riches as there are grains of sand by the sea-cliffs, or stars which in dark nights shine ; he nevertheless will not cease from com- tplaints, so as not to lament his poverty. Though God fulfil 'the wishes of wealthy men with gold,, and with silver, and with .all precious things, nevertheless the thirst of their avarice will not be satisfied, but the unfathomable gulf will have very many waste holes to gather into. Who can give .enough to the insane miser ? The more any one gives to him, the more he covets. § V. How wilt thou now answer worldly goods, if they say .to thee : Why blamest thou-us, Hind ? why art thou angry 24 BOETHIUS. CHAP. Till. on hpam abuljon pe Se : • Ppset tSe ongan lyj-tan upe. naj- uj-^ fin. fu j-etj-t^ uron])S6C)-eclfinej- j-ceoppenbef. fa Jju pilnobejt; CO uj- fBB]- sober fe fu Co him j-ceolbep c. fu cpij-c^ f pe habban fe bej-picenne. ac pe magan cpefan ma 'f fu habbe up beppicen. nu up J)uph fine lupc 3 fuph fine jiCpunga onpcuman pceal ealpa gepceapca pcippenb ; • Nu f u eapc pcylbigpa f onne pe. segfep je pop finum agnum unpihc lupcum. ge eac popfam f e pe ne mocon pop fe puJlgan upep pcippenbep pillan. popfam i5e he upe f e onlsenbe sepCep hip bebobum Co bpucanne. nallap* f inpe unpihc giCpunga jepill Co pulppemmanne I • Anbpypbe unc nu. cpaeS pe pij'bom. ppa ppa f u pille. piC jeanbibigaf f mpe onbppope ; • CAPUT VIII." DS cpasS f COob. ic me ongice sejhponan pcylbigne. ac ic eom mib f sep laf ep pape ppa ppif e opf pycceb f ic inc^ geanb- pypban ne mseg. Da cp»f pe |7)p&om epc. DseC ip nu giC f mpe unpihcpipneppe f fu.eapc puUneah popfohc. Sc ic nolbe -p fu f e popf ohcepc. ac ic polbe f Se pceamobe ppelcep gebpolan. pop- fam pe pe fe hine popfencf . pe bif opmob. Kc pe pe fe hine pceamaf . pe bif on hpeoppunga. dp fu nu gemunan pile eallpa fapa appypfneppa f e f u pop fippe populbe haepbepc piSSan fu sepepc gebopen psepe oS f ipne b»g. gip Su nu acelan^ pile ealle t5a blif neppa pif f am unpoCneppum. ne mehc f u pulleaf e cpeSan f f u eapm pe ^ ungepselig. popfam ic f e giungne'^ imbeppeng uncybne 3 ungelsapebne. ■) me Co beapne genom. ^ Co minum Cyhcum geCybe. Ppa jnseg f onne auhc ofpep cpepan buCan tSu psepe pe gepsehgepCa. ^a f u me psepe sep leop f onne cuf . •] aep f on f e fu cuf epc' minne eyhe -j mine f eapap. ] ic tSe geongne gelaepbe ppelce j-nycpo ppylce manegum ofpum lelbpan ge- piccum opcogen ip. -j ic f e gepypfpebe mib mmum lapum Co f on f f e mon Co faomepe' geceap. Eip Su nu popfam cpipc f fu gepsehg ne pie f f u nu naeppc fa hpilenblican appypfrfeppa n fa blifneppa f e fu sep hsepbepe. f onne ne eape^" fu f eah unge- paelig. popfam fe fa unpoCneppa. fe fu nu on eapc. ppa ilce'^ opepgaf . ppa fu cpipC f fa blippa sep bybon. fenpe fu nu f f e anum f yllic hpeappung. f illic'^ nnpocnep on becumen. ^ nanum "■ Boet. lib. iL prosa 3. — Turn ego, speciosa quidem, &c. ' Cott. nalep. « Cott. peseep. ' Bod. pils. « Cott. ualer ' Bod. me. « Cott. aCellan. ' Cott. geotiene. s q^jJ ^^J' s Bod. me. >" Cott. neapc. " Bod. alee. '^ Cott. teUecu hpeamninj: •) J)llllCU. '^ "■ * CHAP. Till. BOETHirS. 25 with us ? in what have we offended thee ? Indeed thou wast desirous of us, not we of thee ! Thou didst set us on the seat of thy Maker, when thou didst look to us for that good which thou shouldest Jiave sought from him. Thou sayest that we have betrayed thee ; but we may rather say that thou hast betrayed us, since through thy desire, and through thy covetousness, the Maker of all creatures will abhor us. Thou art therefore more guilty than we, both on account of thine own wicked desire, and also because, through thee, we cannot perform our Maker's will. Por he lent us to thee, to be en- joyed according to his commandments, not to fulfil the desire of thine evil covetousness. Answer us now, said Wisdom, as thou wilt : we wait for thine answer. CHAPTER VIII. Theit said the Mind, I perceive myself every way guilty ; but I am so greatly oppressed with this loathsome sorrow, that I cannot answer you. Then said Wisdom again : It is still thy fault that thou art almost despairing. But I am unwilling that thou shouldest despair : I would rather that thou wert ashamed of such error ; for he who despairs is dis- tracted ; but he who is ashamed is in repentance. If thou now wilt call to mind all the honours, in respect of this world, which thou hast had since thou first wert born, xuitil this day ; if thou wilt now reckon all the enjoyments against the sor- rows ; thou canst not very easily say that thou art miserable and unhappy. For I took charge of thee unexperienced, and uninstructed ; and adopted thee as my child, and inured thee to my discipline. Who can then say aught else, but that thou wert most happy, when thou wert beloved by me ere known ; and sooner than thou knewest my discipline and my manners : and I taught thee young such wisdom as is to many other older minds denied : and improved thee with mine instruc- tions, until thou wert chosen a judge ? If thou now sayest, that thou art not happy, because thou hast not the temporary honours and the enjoyments which thou formerly hadst, still thou art not unhappy : for the sorrows wherein thou now art, will in like manner pass away, as thou sayest the enjoyments formerly did. Thinkest thou now, that to thee alone such change and such sorrow happen, and that the like could 26 BOETHIUS. CHAP. IX. X. ofpum mo&e j-pelc ne onbecome. ne »p ]je. ne asfCeji pe ' • Offe penfC pu ■^ on Eenigum mennij-cum mo&e msege auhc jTEercjisefelice]- beon bucon hpeappunja. ofpe gif bic on s&negum men senige hpile paej-clice jninaf. j-e beaj hic hupu apippep^ ^ hit beon ne m-seg faap hic jep paej-. Ppaec rynbon tJa populb pselfa ojjpep bucon beapep cacnung. poppam pe beap ne cymS Co nanum oppum pinsum butan ^ he ^ hp apyppe.^ ppa eac pa populb paelpa cumap Co pam' OOobe co pam paec hi hic beniman paep pe him leopapC bip pippe populbe. f beop ponne ponne hie him.ppamgepicap. Eepege. laCCob. hpsepep pebeCepe 'Since, nu nauhc popiQ&picep* peepcep ^ unhpeappienbep beon ne maeg. hpsepep pe pu hy poppeo. •] pmep ajenep poncep hi poplece bucon pape. pe pu gebibe hponne hi pe popgienbne poplecan ; • / CAPUT EK.P DS ongan pe {7ipbom pingan anb gibbobe Sup. Donne peo punne on habpum heopone beophcopc j-cmep. ponne aSeopCpiap ealle pCeoppan. poppam Se heopa beojihcnep ne beo^ nan beophcnep pop hipe. Donne pmylce blapep j'upan pepCan pmb. ponne peaxap ppipe hpape pelbep blopman. ac Sonne pe pCeapca pmb cymp noppan eapCan. ponne Copeoppp he ppipe hpape psepe popan phce. ppa opC pone co pmylcon pse Ssep noppan pmbep ypc onpcypep. Gala f nan puhc nip psepce pconbenbep peopcepa punienbe on populbe,;- j CAPUT X.I DS cpsep BoeCiup. Gala |7ipbom. pu pe eapc mobup^ eallpa raaegena. ne mseg ic na pipcpepan ne anbpacijan f pe^ pu me sep psebepc. poppon pe hic ip eall pop. poppam ic nu hsebbe ongicen f pa mme paelpa ■] peo oppopgnep. Se ic aep penbe ^ gepaelpa beon pceolban. nane pselpa ne pmc. popSam he ppa hpsebhce gepicep. ac f me haepp eallpa ppipopc gebpepeb ponne ic ymbe ppelc pmeahcopc pence, f ic nu ppeoCole ongicen habbe. f paec ip peo maepce uiipaelS on pip anbpeapban hpe. f mon sepepc peoppe'' gepKlig. •] aepceppam ungepaeLg. Da anbppopebe pe f ipbom ■] peo Eepceabpipnep ^ cpaep. Ne meahc pu no mib P3oet.Jib. ii. metrurn 3. — Ciun polo Pliffibus, &c. ' 9 Boet..lib. ii. Prosa 4.— Turn ego, vera inquam, &o. = ^ CoU. ajrepjieiS. i» Cott. ayeppe. » Cott. to ton. < Cott nan puhe jjopulfalicej-. 5 Cott. moboji. = Cott. anbracisian bplr bp 7,Cott.Ty. " ' ICHAP. IX. X. BOBTHirS. 27 happen to no other mind, either before thee, or after thee;? Or thinkest thou that to any human mind there can be any thing constant, •without change.-? Or.if it for a time to any man firmly remain, death at least will take it .away, so that it may not be where it before was. What are worldly goods, but an emblem of death ? For death comes for nothing else, but that it may take away life. So also worldly goods come to the mind, in order that they may deprive it of that which ■is dearest to it sin this world ; that is, when they depart from it. Say, Mind, whether thou judgest more wisely, seeing that naught of worldly power can be constant and uuchange- able ? Whether thou despises!? them, and of thine own choice canst relinquish them without regret, so that thou canst abide it when they leave thee sorrowful ? CHAPTEE IX. Then began Wisdom- to sing, and sung thus: When the sun in the serene heaven brightest shines, then become dark ■all the stars, because their brightness is no brightness by reason of her. When the south-west wind gently blows, then ■grow very quickly field flowers; but when the stark wind ■cometh^OM the north-east, then does it very soon destroy !the rose's beauty. So oftentimes the north wind's tempest stirs the too tranquil sea. Alas ! that there is nothing of fast-standing work ever remaining in the world! CHAPTER X. Then saiiBeethius : Wisdom, thou who art the mother ' of all virtues, I cannot gainsay or deny that wbich.thou hast said to me, because itis.all true : for I have now learned that those my felicities, ..and the prosperity, which I formerly thought- should be. happiness, are no happiness because they so speedily .depart. .But this has most of all troubled me, when I most deeply think about that which I have clearly .learned,. that it is the greatest infelicity of this present hfe, ,that any one is first happy,, and afterwards unhappy. Then answered Wisdom and Eeason, and said : Thou canst not with ■», ' 28 BOETHITJS. CHAP. X. j-of e getaalan fine pyp& an& fine jej-aelfa j-pa ypa fu penjr. pop fam leapum ungepselfumi fe Su fpopapc. hiC ip leapunj f pu penpc faec fu peo unjepBelis:- Sc Sip tie nu f ppa ppife Sebpepeb 3 jeunpocpab hsepf. f ce fu poplupe pa leapan je- pselpa. ponne 'mBej ic t5e openlice ^epeccan. f fu ppucole onjicpt Jjsec te pu gic haepjc pone maepcan bael pinpa^ jepsslpa pe pa sep hsepbep C : • Sege me nu hpsepep pu mib pihce msege peopian' pma unpaelpa. ppelce fu eaUunga haebbe poplopen pina jepselpa. ac pu hseppc jit gepunb gehealben eall f beoppyppopte paec ce pu pe bepopjob hsepbepc : • Pu miht pu ponne msenan f PyPr^ 1 P lafpe. nu pu f leoppe hseppc gehealben ; • PpseC pu papc f peo bujup eallep moncynnep. ^ pe pe msepCa peopf- pcipe. 51C leopap. f ip Simmachup pin ppeop.^ PpseC he ip 51c hal -) gepunb. -) hsepp aelcep gobep jenoh. p opfon ic pac f fu naht* ne popplapobejc f pu pm ajen peoph pop hme ne peal- bept. jip pu hine jepape on hpilcum eappopum. popfam pe pep ip ^ipbomep -j Epsepta pull. ~\ jenoj oppopj nu JiC aelcep eopplicep ejep. pe ip ppife papig pop pinum eappopum ^ pop pinum ppsecpipe ;• pu ne leopap pm pip eac. paep ilcan Sim- machupep^ bohcep. ^ pio ip ppife pel gepab •) ppipe gemeCpsepC. peo haepS ealle ofpu pip opeppungen mib clsenneppe. eall beope gob ic tSe mseg mib peaum popbum apeccan. f ij f ^^o ip on eallum peapum hiepe paebep gelic. peo liopap nu pe. pe anum. poppam t5e hio nanpuhc ellep ne lupat5 bucan pe. aelcep gobep heo haepp genoh on fip anbpeapban lipe. ac heo hiC haepb eaU poppepen opep pe anne.'' eall heo hiC onpcunap. pop- pam pe heo pe aenne naepp. paep anep hipe ip nu pana. pop pinpe aeppeapbneppe heope pincS eall nauht' f heo hsepp. pop- pam heo ip pop pmum lupum cpmob^ ~) pulneah beab pop ceapum -j pop unpocneppe : • Ppaec pille pe cpepan be pinum Cpam'" punum. fa pmc ealbopmen ■] gepeahcepap. on pam ip ppiotol pio gipu 3 ealla pa bugupahiopa paebep ■] heopa eollbpan" paebep. ppa ppa geonge" men magon gehcopce beon ealbum monnum. Dy ic punbpigehpi pune maege ongiCan paet pu eapc nu giC ppipe gepehg. nu pu gic Lopopc anb eapC hal ;. ppaet paec ip pio mepte aep beablicpa manna paec hie hbban anb pien hale. -] pu haeppc nu get Co eacan eaU f ic pe aep cealbe : • Ppaec ic pac f ^ ip gic beoppypppe ponne monnep lip. poppam manegum men ip leoppe Saec he asp pelp jpelce aep he gepeo hip • Cott. uii)-iBlJ>um. ^ Cott. jjapa. ' Cott. popan. • Cott. rpion. 5 Cott. auht. « Cott. Simacher. ' Cott. asnne. » Cott. noht! 9 Cott. opmob. '" Cott. spsem. » Cott. elbpan. « Cott. Siunge \ CHAP. I, BOETHIUS. 29 \truth accuse tliy fortune and thy happiness, as thou supposest, an account of the false unhappinesa which thou art suffering, tt is a deception when thou imaginest that thou art unhappy. But if it has so much troubled thee and made thee sad, that thou hast lost the false happiness ; then may I plainly tell thee, that thou well knowest that thou hast still the greatest part of thy felicities, which thou formerly hadst. Tell me now, whether thou canst with justice complain of thy mis- fortunes, as if thou hadst altogether lost thy happiness, since thou hast yet kept entire everything most precious, which thou wast anxious about ? How canst thou, then, lament the worse, and the more unworthy, when thou hast retained the more desirable ? Thou knowest, however, that the orna- ment of all mankind, and the greatest honour, yet lives ; that ' is Symraachus, thy father-in-law. He is yet hale and sound, f and has enough of every good ; for I know that thou wouldest not be unwilling to give thine own life for him, if thou wert to see him in any difficulties. For the man is full of wisdom and virtues, and sufficiently free, as yet, from all earthly fear. He is very sorry for thy troubles, and for thy banishment. How ! is not thy wife also living, the daughter of the same Symmachus ? and she is very prudent, and very modest. She has surpassed all other wives in virtue. All her excel- lence I may sum up to thee in few words : that is, that she is in all her manners like her father. She now lives for thee, thee alone : for she loves nothing else except thee. Of all good she has enough in this present life, but she has despised it all, beside thee alone. She renounces it all, because she has not thee. Of this alone she feels the want. Because of thy absence, everything which she has seems naught to her. Therefore she is through love of thee, wasted, and almost dead with tears and with grief. What shall we say concern- ing thy two sons, who are noblemen and counsellors; in whom is manifest the ability and all the virtues of their father, and of their grandfather, so far as young men may most resemble old men? Therefore I wonder why thou canst not understand, that thou art, as yet, very happy, since thou still livest and art hale. This, indeed, is the greatest possession of mortal men, that they live and are hale ; and thou hast yet in addition, all that I have already mentioned 30 EOETHIirS. CHAP. XI> pip -J hi|- beajin j-pelcen&e:- Sc hpi Cilart' fu forme co_/ pepenne bucon anbpeopce ; . Ne meahcpu nu jitfrnpe pyp&^ nauhB ofpican ne fm lip no gecselan. ne eapc Jiu no eallunga!. CO naiihce jebon ]-pa yjia, fu penpc; my fe. nu gic nan una- bepenfelic bpoc jeCenge. popfam fe pin ancop^ ip gic on eop- fanpsspc. SsecpmrSaealfaopmen. Se pesp ymte pppageon. pa^ J)& ne laetap jeopcpupian be pip anbpeapban lipe. ^ epc pma ajnacpeopa. ^ peo gobcunbe lupu. -} pe cohopa. pa ppeo pe ne Isetap. geopepepan be pam ecan lipe. Da anbppopobe f unpote CCob -J cpaep. Gala, psepan pa; ancpap ppa cpume' •] ppa puph- punienije ge pop Cobe ge pop populbe. ppa ppa pu pejpc. ponne mihce pe nncle py ep* gepolian ppa hpsefc eapp opneppa ppa up on become, eall hie- up pyncaS py leohcpan Sa hpile pe pa ancpap= psBjptB beop. ac pu mitc peah ongiton hu pa, mine* pselpa anb pp.mmpeopSpcipe.hep pop populbe ip onceppeb ;• CAPUT XL' §1. D3 anbppopobe pe fipbom ■] peo Eepceabpipnep •] cpaep. lb pene.pealir'p ic hpaec hpeganungep'' pe upaliope op paepe un- potneppe ■] pulneah gebpohce sec Sam ilcan peopppcipe Se pu aep bsepfaepc. bucon pu 51C Co puU py paap pe pe laepeb^ ip. f pe pop py placije. Sc ic ne mseg abpeohan' pme peopunja pop pam lyClan pe pu poplupe. poppsim pu pimle mifa pope ^ mib un- pocnej'pe maenpc gip pe seniep pillan pana bip. Seah. hiC lyclep hpsec.pie. ppa psep ssppe on Sip anbpeapban lipe. oppe hpa ip nu.. oSSe hpa pypp gec aeptep up on pi]t Jemebe nabba'S. J Cott. gepaellice. ' Bod. IseEa'S. ■• Bod. untjieope. ' Cott. Sebecnan ■^ he lepne on. " Cott. on. ' Bod. senine. ' Cott. gehsepr. » Bod. hepilmse. "• Cott. pynfuma. " Cott. gehabban. § I, • ^ BOETHIUS. 33 by indigence and poverty, so that it were more desirable to them to be unnoble, than so poor, if it were in their power. Many are, indeed, both full noble and full wealthy, and are nevertheless very unhappy, when they have either of these things; either when they have wives as yoke-fellows with them, or have not yoke-feUows. Many have married happily enough, but for want of children, they leave all the riches which they amass to strangers to enjoy, and they are there- fore unhappy. Some have children enough, but they are sometimes unhealthy, or evil and worthless, or soon depart, BO that the parents therefore mourn all their life. Hence no man can, in this present life, be altogether suited in respect of his fortune. Though he have nothing at all to sorrow about, this is able to make him sorrowful, that he knows not what is about to happen' to him, whether good or evil, any more .than thou knewest ; and moreover he fears, that what he then happily enjoys, he may lose. Show me now any man of those who appear to thee the happiest, and who is most distinguished for the enjoyment of his desires. I tell thee at once, that thou mayest observe that he is often immo- ; derately troubled for very trifling things : if anything hap- pens to him against his will, or contrary to his custom, though it be ever so little ; unless he may give his nod to s every man to run at his will. "Wonderfully little can cause the happiest man of all, here in respect of the world, that he should think that his happiness is either much lessened, or [:• entirely lost. Thou now thinkest that thou art very miser- ■ able : and I know that to many a man, it would seem that he were exalted to the heavens, if he had any part of thy s ■ felicities, which thou hast still. Moreover, the place wherein \ thou art now detained, and which thou callest thy place of = exile, is the country of the men who were born there, and • also of those who by their own will dwell there. Nothing k is evil, until a man thinks that it is evil : and though it be now heavy and adverse, yet it will be happiness, if he acts willingly, and patiently bears it. Scarcely any one is so pru- dent when he is in impatience, as not to wish that his happi- ness were destroyed. With very much bitterness is the sweetness of this world mingled. Though it seem pleasant i to any one, he will be unable to hold it, if it begin to fly from him. Is it not, then, very evident, how inconstant s 34 BOETHITJS. CHAt. XI. magon tSone eapman gepyllan. fopfam he pmle pilnaS hpser hpujui fasj- fe he fonne nasfC. ne hie f am jefylbegum ■] ))am jemeCfaercum pmble ne puniaf ; • § 11." Ppi fece je fonne ymbucan eop fa jej-selfa Se ge on innan eop^ habbaf fuph fa gobcunban miht gepec : • 2Sc ge n^con hpaec ge bof. ge pine on gebpolan : • Sc ic eop mag mib peapum popbum gepecan^ hpsec pe hpop ip eaUpa gep»lfa pif fsep le pac f u pile higian f on sep f e fu hme ongicepc f ip fonne /gob : ■ * CCihc f u nu ongican hpsefep fu auhc f e beoppypfpe habbe f onne te pylpne : • Ic pene f eah f f u pille cpefan f f u nauht beoppypfpe naebbe. Ic pac gip fu nu haapbe^ pullne anpealb Smep pelpep. Sonne hsepbepc Su hpaac hpega^ on fe pelpim Ssep fe 8u n»ppe fmum pllum alaecan polbepc.^ ne peo pypb fe on geniman ne mihce;- FopSam ic Se mmbgigef fu ongice Ssecce nan ge)-aelf nip on fippe anbpeapban hpe. Sc ongec f aec nauhc nip becepe on f ijpe anbpeapbum hpe. fonne peo gepceabpipnep. popfam fe heo fuph nan Sing ne mseg fam men lopian. pop f y ip becepe fsec peoh fasc te uaappe lopian ne ms6g. fonne f fe meeg ^ pceal. pu ne ip f e nu genoh ppeocole gepaeb f ac peo pypb Jie ne mseg nane gepselfa pellan. popfam f e agpip ip unpsepc ge peo pypb. ge peo gepaelf . popfam pmc ppife cebpe "j ppife hpeopenbe f ap gepselpa ; ■ ppsec selc fapa f e fap populb gepselfa haapf. ofep tpega offe he paC f sat he him ppompeapbe beof . otSSe he hit nat. gip he hit fonne nac. hpelce gepself a haspp he iBC pam pelan. gip he bif ppa bypig 3 ppa ungepipp.* f he fac pican ne mseg. gip he hit Sonne pat. fonne onbpsec he him f heo lopian. 3 eac geapa pac f he hi alatan, pceal. Se pmgala ege ne lac nanne^ mon gepahgaeJ ■beon : • Eip fonne hpa ne pecf hpafep he fa gepalSa habbe. | fe henabbe fe he Sonne h»pf. hpac fac Sonne beof pop lycla (palf a. oSSe nane. fac mon ppa eaf e poplacan mag : • Ic pene nu f ic fe hapbe ap genog ppeocole gepehc be manegum Cacnum •p ce monna.paplapinCunb6a])hce 3 ece.'" 3 '^ ip genog ppeocol '^ ce nanne mon Sap cpeogan ne feapp f eajle men ,geenbiaf on f am beaf e. ^ eac heopa pelan. fy ic punbpige hpi men pien ppa ungepceabpipe.-p iiie penan f fip anbpeapbe lip -image f one monnan bon gepahgne f a hyile fe he leopaS. fonne » Boet. lib. ii. prosa 4. — Quidjgitur, mortales, &c. > Bod. hpffiC hpeg. ' Cott. lop. ' Cott. gepeccan. 1 Bod. - ongitpc N ir tone gob. « Bod. nxjbeft. « Cott. ipuju. ' Cott. ..nolbep. » Cott. unpip. "Bod. none. " Cott. unbea&liea t eca. § II. BOETHITJS. 35 worldly goods are; when they are not able to satisfy the poor, inasmuch as he always desires something of that which he has not ; neither do they always dwell with the patient and moderate. § II. "Why seek ye, then, around you the happiness which ye have placed within you by the divine power ? But ye know not what ye do : ye are in error. But I can, with few words, show you what is the roof of all happiness : for which I know thou wilt strive until thou obtainest it : this, then, is good. Canst thou now discover whether thou hast anything more precious to thee than thyself? I-think, though, thou wilt say that thou hast nothing more precious. I know, if thou hadst full power of thyself, thou wouldest then have .something in thyself, which thou never, with thine own con- sent, wouldest relinquish, nor could ^Fortune take it from thee. Therefore I advise thee, that thou learn, that there is no happiness in this present life. But learn that nothing is better in this present life than reason : because man cannot by any means lose it. Therefore that wealth is better, which never can be lost, than that which may, and shall he lost. Is it not, now, clearly enough proved to thee, that Eortune cannot give thee any happiness ? because each is insecure, both Fortune and happiness ; for these goods are very frail, and very perishable. Indeed, every one who possesses these worldly goods, either knows that they are about to depffl't from him, or he is ignorant of it. If, "then, he is ignorant of . it, what happiness has he in riches, when he is so foolish, and so unwise as to be ignorant of this ? But if he knows it, then -he dreads that they may be lost,-and alsois well aware that he must leave them. Continual fear suifers not any man to be happy. If then any man cares not whether he have that wealth, which he may not have, even when he has it ; truly that is for little happiness, or none, which a man may so easily lose. I think, moreover, that I had formerly with sufficient clearness taught thee by many arguments, that the souls of men are immortal and eternal : and it is so evident that no man need doubt it, that all men end in death, arid also their riches. Therefore I wonder why men are so irra- tional as to think that this present life can make man happy whilst he .lives, seeing that it cannot, after it is ended, make s2 36 BOETHIUS. CHAP. SII. 3;III. hiC hme ne msej apCeji fyj- lipe eapmne^ gebon ; • PpaeC pe jepij-lice piCon unjum Sapa monna f e 6a ecan jepaeKa pohtan nallap Sujih f an f»c hi pilnobon Saep lichomlican beatSep. ac eac mane^pa paplicpa pica hie gepilnobon pi6 t5an ecan hpe. ^ p»pon eaUe fa haligan CDaptypap ; • CAPUT XII.' DK ongan pe fipbom ghopian. ^ geobbobe fup. ecte fast ppell mib leope. ^ he Kp paebe 3 cpsef. Se fe pille paepc hup cimbpian. ne pceall he hit no peccan upon fone hehpcan cnol. ^ pe 6e piUe gobcunbne p'lpbom pecan, ne maes he hme pij> opepmecca, ~\ epc pe fe pille papc hup cimbpian. ne peCCe he hit on ponbbeophap. Spa eac gip fu fipbom timbpian piUe. ne pete 6u hine uppan fa gitpunja. p opSam ppa ppa pi5enbe ponb fonne pen ppyljf . ppa ppyljf peo jicpung fa bpeopenban pelan fippep mibbangeapbep. pop6am hio hiopa pimle bi6 'Suppteju. ne maej hup naht lanje ptanban on Sam hean munte. jip hit pull un- gemeclic pmb geptent. naspt f aec f te on Sam pijenban ponbe ptent pop ppiflicum pene. ppa eac f mennipce COob bi6 un- bepeten -j apejeb op hip ptebe. fonne hit pe pmb ptponjpa ge- ppmca aptypoS. oScSe pe pen ungemetlicep ymbhosan ; ■ Sc pe fe pille habban fa ecan jepalf a. he pceal pleon f one ppecnan plite fipep mibbaneapbep. -j timbpian f huj- ODobep on fam pseptan ptane eaSmetca. popf am Se Epipt eapbaS on f sepe bene eabmobneppe. •] on fam jemynbe pipbomep. popfam pimle pe pipa mon eall hip hp leet on jepean unonpenbenbhce 3 oppoph. foiine he poppihf segSep je fap eopfhcan job je eac fa yplu. 3 hopaf to fam topeapbam. f pint fa ecan. popfam Se Cob. hme gehelt »ghponan. pinjaUice pumenbe. on hip COobep je- paelfum. Seah f e pe pmb. f apa eappof a. -] peo pmgale jemen. f ip)-a populb pelf a. him onblape ; • CAPUT XIII.- D2S pe f ipbom fa ^ peo Eepceabpipnep f ip leoS f up apunjen hsepbon. Sa, onjan he ept pecjan^ ppell 3 fup cpaef . OOe Sincf nu f pit m»jen pmealicop pppecan 3 biogolpan popbum. pop- fam 10 onjite f mm lap hpset hpugu injaeS on fm onbgit. 3 » Boet. lib. ii. metrum 4.— Quisquis volet perennem, &c. « Boet. lib. ii. prosa 5. — Sed quoniam rationum, &c ' Bod. eajim. ' Cott. j-ecgean. CHA5. XII. XIII. BOETpiUS. 37 him miserable. But we certainly know of innumerable men who have sought eternal happiness, not by this alone, that they chose the bodily death, but they also willingly submitted to many grievous torments on account of the eternal life : those were all the holy martyrs. CHAPTEE XII. Then began Wisdom to sing, and sung thus, — Tie prolonged with verse the speech that he before made, and said : He who will build a firm house, must not set it upon thehighest hill ; and he who will seek heavenly wisdom, must not seek it with arrogance. And, again, he who is desirous to build a firm house, should not set it on sand-hills. So also if thou art desirous to build wisdom, set it not on avarice. For as thirsty sand swallows the rain, so avarice swallows the perishable riches of this middle-earth, because it is always thirsty after them. A house cannot long stand on the high mountain, if a very violent wind press on it ; nor has it that which may stand on the thirsty sand for excessive rain. Thus also the human mind is subverted, and moved from its place, when the wind of strong afflictions agitate it, or the rain of immoderate care. But he who wishes to have eternal happi- ness, should fly from the dangerous splendour of this middle- earth, and build the house of Ms mind on the firm rock of humility. ~Sov Christ dwells in the vale of humility, and in the mind of wisdom. Therefore the wise man ever leads all his life in joy, unchangeable and secure, when he despises both these earthly goods, and also the evils ; and hopes for the future, which are eternal. For God preserves him every- where, perpetually dwelling in the enjoyments of his mind : though "the wind of troubles, and the continual care of these worldly goods, blow upon him. CHAPTEE XIII. ' ■When "Wisdom and Eeason had thus sung this lay, then began he again to make a speech, and thus said : Methinks that we may now argue more closely, and with profounder words; for I perceive that my doctrine, in some degree, 38 EOBTHirS. CHAP, XIII. fu gpnoh pel rmbepjtenp: f ic fe Co j-ppece. EeSenc nu hpasc finej- agnej; j-eo ealjia pij-fa poptdb setca ;) pelena. otSSe hpsete pu. p86p on age unan&epjilbej-. gjj: ]?ii tim peabpiplice sepcep- rpJTiajC. ppsec h^fpt; Su aec f am gipim pe tSu cpij-C f J-eo pypb eop gijie. an& sec pam pelum.^ «eai hi. nu ece paepon. Sege me nu hpsepep pe pin pela Smep pancep ppa beope peo pe pop hip ajenpe ^ecynbe. hp»pep ic Se pecge peah. f hiC ip op hip agenpe gecynbe nap op pmpe. pf hic ponne hij- ajenpe gecynbe ip nap op Smpe. hpi eapc «u ponne a py becepa pop hip gobe* Seje me nu hpseC hip pe beopaj-c^ pmce. hpaepep pe golb pe hpaec ic pac peah jolb-. Sc peah hic nu job^ peo ^ beopeJ peah bip hhpeabijpa ^ leoppenbpa pe t5e hiC pelp. tSonne pe pe hiC gabepap ■J on oppum peapap. ge eac pa pelan .beop Uipeabigpan 1 leopCselpan ponne ponne hie mon pelp. ponne hie beon ponne>' hi mon gabpap -j healc* PpseC peo giCjunj gebep heope gic- pepa)- lape sagpep ge Eobe ge monnum. ■] pa cypca gebop pa pimle leop C»le -} Hipeabige -j peoppe Kgpep ge liobe ge mon- - num 8e hie lupiap. Nu f peoh ponne segpep ne mseg :beon.ge mib pam Se hic pelS ge mib pam, pe hiC nimp..' nu ip poppsem aalc peoh becepe ^ beoppypppe gepealb ponne gehealben. Dip nu call pipep mifabaneapbej- pela come to anum men. hu ne paepon ponne eaUe oppe men psablan buCan anum.i" Eenoh ppeoCoLi tJssfc ip. Ip ce gob popb ]^ gob Uipa selcep monnep bip beCepa/] \ beoppa.^' ponne senig pela. hpaeC f popb gepylp eallpa'^ papa^ eapan pe hiC gehepp. -j ne bip peah noSy Iseppe mib pam pe hj6 pppicp. hip heopcan biegelnep)-e hic geopenaS.''^ 3 paep oSpep heopcan belocene'* hic puphpaepp. ^ on pam p»pelbe psep be- Cpyx ne biS hic no gepanobi ne ms&g hiC mon mib ppeopbe.; opplean. ne mib pape gebmban. ne hiC nseppe ne acpilS. Sc.pai eoppe pelan. peah hi ealne peg eoppe pm.^^ ne pmcp eop no py . papopi^ heopa genoh. -j peah ge hie ponne oppum monnum pellan ne magon. ge no pe ma mib pam heopa pable -j heopa : gicpunge gepyUan. tSeah pu hie j-male^' cobsele ppa bupc. ne mihc pu peah ealle men emhce^^ mib gehealban. ■] Sonne pu eaUe ^bselbe haeppc. ponne bipc t5u Se pelp paebla. Sine pset pepihce^" pelan pippep mibbangeapbep. Sonne hi nan mon puUice habban ne mteg. ne hie nanne mon gepehgian ne magon. bucon 1 Cott. serceabpirlice. 2 Cott. pelan. s Cott. SaSfc ' Cott. goobe: = Cott. biopuj-S. » Bod. golb. ' Cott. biope. ' Cott. hilc- " Cott. mon j-eKS. " Cott. buton him anum. " Cott. biopjia. " Cott. aelcer. ■ " Bod. ibelnej-j-e hiE opena'S. " Cott. belocena. " Cott. mib eop rien! 18 Cott. hpa>op. " Cott. ppa pmeahce. " Cott. emnliee. '» Cott. pepehce! CHAP. XEIl. BOETHItrS. 39 enters into thy mind, and thou understandest well enough' ' what I say unto thee. Consider, now, what is thine own of all these worldly possessions and riches ; or what of great price thou haat therein, if thou rationally examinest it. What hast thou from the gifts and from the- riches, which thou sayest fortune gives you, even though they were eternal? Tell me now, whether in thy judgment, this thy wealth, is so precious to thee from its own nature. But I say to thee that it is from its own nature, not from thine. If it,' then; is from its own nature and not from thine, why art thou ever the hetter for its good ? Tell me what of it seems to thee most precious: whether gold, or what? I know, however, gold. Bub though it be good and precious, yet will he he more celebrated and more beloved, who gives it, than he who gathers, and takes it from others. Eiches, also, are more honourable, and more estimable when any one gives them, than they are when he gathers and keeps them. Covetous- ness, indeed, makes misers loathsome both to God and to men : and liberality always makes them estimable, and famous, and worthy, hSti to God and to the men whom they befriend. Since, then, wealth cannot be both with those who give it, and with those who receive it ; all wealth is therefore better , and more precious given than held. If even all the wealth of this middle-earth should come to one man, would not aU ' other men be poor, except one ? It is sufficiently evident that the good word and good fame of every man is better and more precious than any wealth : for this word fiUs the ears of all those who hear it, and yet is not the less with him who speaks it. His heart's recess it opens, and the locked heart of another it penetrates, and in the way between them it is not lessened, nor can any one with sword slay it, nor with rope bind, nor does it ever perish. But these your riches, if they were always yours, there does not the sooner seem to you enough of them ; and if ye may not give them to other men, ye never the more therewith satisfy their want and their de- sire. Though thou divide them as small as dust, yet thou canst not satisfy all men equally : and when thou hast divided all, thou wilt then be poor thyself. Are the riches of this middle-earth worthy of a man when no one can fully have 40 BOETHirS. CHAP. XIT. hie ofepne ge&on Co pseblan. Ppsefep' nu jimma yhte eoppe eagan Co him gecio. heopa Co pun&pianne. j-pa ic pac f hie^ bop. hpsec ]-eo' buguS fonne f aep plicep l^e on fam^ jimmum bi8. bif heopa nsey eoppe.' py ic eom ppife unsemeChce ofpunbpob hpi eop pmce psepe unjepceabpipan ^ej-ceapce %ob^ becepe fonne eopep agen gob. hpi ge j-pa unsemeclice punbpisen fapa gimma. o8tSe Knijep papa beablicena tSmja iSe gej-ceab- pij-neppe nsej:]). fopSam hie niib nanum pyhce ne majon jeeap- nijan f ge heopa punbpisen. peah hie Eobep jej-ceapa fien. ne pine hi no pi]) eop Co mecanne. poppam fe ot5ep Cpega offe hiC nan gob nip pop eop pelpe. oStSe peah pop lyCel 50b pif eof co mecanne. Co ppipe pe hepepiap' up yelpe. Jjonne pe mape f lupiafS f je unbep up ip on upum' anpealbe. fonne up pelpe. oSSe <5one Dpihcen 6e up jepceop. ■) up ealle tSa 50b popgeap . Ppsefep Se nu hcigen^" psegepu lonb ; • CAPUT XIV.^ § I. DS anbppopobe f Xob fsepe Eej-ceabpipneppe ■] cpaeS. Ppi ne pceolbe me hcian psagep lanb. hu ne ip paec pe psegepepCa bael Eobep gepceapCa. ge pull opc pe psegniap^^ pmylcpe p». 3 eac punbpiap Jisep plicep fsepe punnan anb psep monan 3 eaJlpa fapa pceoppena. Da anbppopobe pe ^ipbom anb peo Eepceab- pipnep Jjam CDobe ^ pup cpsef. Ppsec belimpf fe heopa psegep-- neppe.'^ hpsepep^^ Su buppe gilpan f heopa paegepnep Jim pie. nepe nepe. hu ne papc pu f pu heopa nanne ne gepophcepc.^* ac gip Su gilpan pille. gilp Eobep. Ppsefep fu nu paegeppa blopc- msena psegmge on eapCpan ppelcepu hie gepcope. hpsefep pu nu ppelcep auhc pypcan mEege, otSSe gepophcep habbe. nepe nepe. ne bo pu ppa.^^ hpsepep hic nu Smep gepealbep pie f pe heep- pepc pie ppa pelig on psepcmum. hu ne pac ic f hic ip no pinep gepealbep. ppi eapC fu Sonne onealeb mib ppa ibele gepean. 0(5t$e hpi lupapc t5u pa ppemban gob ppa ungemechce. ppelce hi pien fm agnu.'^ J/enpc pu maege peo pypb Tpe gebon Jjsec fa fing Sine agene" pien fa fe heopa agene^^ gecynb pe gebySon^^ ppembe. nepe nepe. nip hiC no fe gecynbe f ce pu hi age. ne him nip gebypbe f hi 8e polgien. ac pa heopencunban f mg fe pinc^° ge- ^ Bpet. lib. ii. prosa 5. — Quid ni? Est enim, &o. I Bod. IJpsep. ^ Cott. hi. ' Cott. po. ■" Cott. Jiaem. » Cott. eopen. 6 Cott. sob peb. ' Cott. hejipa'S. » Cott. t ma lupa«. » Cott. uyymn. i» Cott. licien. " Cott. jraegenia'S. " Cott. co hiojia jrseSepnejTa. " Bod. hpcep. >' Cott. nan ne pophtej-c. is Cott. no j-pa. ^'' Bod. j-en Jjine get nu. »' Cott, agnu. " Cott. agnu. " Bod. gebon. -' Cott. j-enban. § I. BOETHirS. 41 them? nor can they enrich any man, unless they bring another to poverty. Does the beauty of gems attract your eyes to them, to wonder at them ? I know that they do so. But the excellence of the beauty which is in gems is theirs, not yours. Wherefore I am excessively astonished why the good of the irrational creature seems to you better than your own good : why ye so immoderately admire gems, or any of the insensible things which have not reason : for they with no justice can deserve that ye should admire them. Though they are God's creatures, they are not to be compared with you. Por either it is no good for yourselves, or at least for little good, compared with you. We too much despise our- selves when we love that which is beneath us, in our own power, more than ourselves, or the Lord who made us, and gave us all good things. Do fair lands delight thee ? CHAPTEE XIV. § I. Then answered the Mind to Eeason, and said : Why should not fair land delight me ? Is not that the fairest part of God's creatures ? Full often we rejoice at the serene sea, and also admire the beauty of the sun, and of the moon, and of all the stars. Then answered Wisdom and Eeason to the Mind, and thus said : What belongs to thee of their fairness ? Darest thou to boast that their fairness is thine ? No, no. Dost thou not know that thou madest none of them ? But if thou wilt glory, glory in God. Dost thou rejoice in the fair blossoms of Easter, as if thou madest them ? Canst thou then make anything of this kind, or hast thou any part in the work ? No, no. Do not thou so. Is it through thy power that the harvest is so rich in fruits ? Do not I know that it is not through thy power ? Why art thou then inflamed with such vain glojy ? or why lovest thou external goods so im- moderately, as if they were thy own ? Thinkest thou that fortune can cause to thee, that those things should be thy own, which their own natures have made foreign to thee ? No, no. It is not natural to thee that thou shouldest pos- sess them ; nor is it their nature, that they should follow thee. But heavenly things are natural to thee, not these earthly. 43, BOECHmS., CHAP. XIV. cynbe.. naej- fsep eopflican. Da,y eopflican papcmar pn£ gejcea^ pene netenum^ to anbbpene. 3 fa populb pelan )-ync gepceapene Co bij-pice ]7am monnum fe beof neacenum'' jelice. f beo]) UB- piiiEpij-e 3 ungemecfaejrce. Co fam hi eac becumaf opCopc. Ijjf fu fonne Ssec gemec habbaa piUe. -j Sa.nyb feappe 7i,can pille. fonne ip faac mece -j bpync. J clapap anb col Co ppelcum- cpaepce ppelce pu cunne ^ Se ip gecynbe ] f Se ip pihc Co habbenne. Ppelc ppemu ip tSe f . faec f u piliuje f ippa anbpeap^. bena gep8el])a opep gemec. fonnahie naffep' ae magon ne fm. gehelpan. ne heopa pelppa. Qn ppife lycloa hiepa li»pp peo ge- cynb genog. on ppa miclum heo haepf jenag ppa pe »p pppeecon. Eip pu heope mape pelepc. o])ep cpeja otSSe hiC fe bepap. o«S& hiC jje feah unpynpum bij>. oSSe ungeCepe.* oSSe ppecenlic eall f f u nu opep gemec bepc. Eip ]m nu opep jeniec icpc. ojjfe bpmcpc. oSSe cla])a fe ma on haeppc' Jjonnepu fuppe. peo. opepmg'' pe pupp oppe Co pape. o^Se Co plseccan. oppe Co un-. gepipenum. oppe Co plio. dp pu nu penjr f ce punboplice gepela' hpelc peoppmynb pie., 'Sonne Celle 10 pa peoppmynb paem^ pypbcan pe hie pophce. naep na pe.' pe pyphca ip Eob. psap cpaepc ic paap hepige on. .J7enpC pu pajCpeonienjio pinpa monna pe msege bon gepsehgna. nepe nepe. ac gtp hie ypele pinC Sonne pmchie pepleoLcpan 3 jeppicnepialpan ga heapb ponne ge naepb.^" poppam ypele pegnapheop pymle heopa hlapopbej- pienb.; Eip hi ponne gobe beop 3 hlapopb holba ~} uncpipealbe hu ne- beop f ponne heopa gobep, nasp pinep. hu .nuhc pu ponne pe agnian heopa gob. gip pu nu psep gilppc. hu ne-gilppc pu ponnei heopa gobep. n»p pinep : • § II." Nu pe ip genoh openlice gecypeb paec ce nan pdpai. goba pin nap. pe pe »p ymbe pppaecon. ■] pu ceohhobepc^' f hi pine beon pceolban. dp ponne pip):e populbe phce •] pela Co pilnienne nip. hpssC mupcnapc pu. ponne aepcep paan pe pu pop- lupe. oSSe Co hpon pagnapc tSupBep pe pu sep hsepbepc.i^ gip hic paegep ip. f ip op heopa agnum gecynbe. naep op Smum. heopa p»gep hit ip. naep pm. hpsec paegnapc^^ pu ponne heopa psegepep. hpaec behmpp hip co pe. ne pu hic ne gepceope. ne hi pme agene ne penc. dp hi. nu gobe pinc -^ paegepe. ponne paepon hi ppa ge- '' Boet. lib. ii. prosa 5. — Ex quibus omnibas, &<;.• 1 Cott. nysenum. ' Co.tt. bioS neacum. » Cott. napjiep. ' Cott. ungeBBepe. * Cott. claj>e ma on hehpt. ^ Cott. pio opejiinc. ' Cott. gegejiela. = Bod. jpsi. " Cott. neallep J>e. " Cott. anb lytige )>oune pnE hi pe pliolicpan t jcj-jJincpvilpan h*pb Jionne nespb. •' Cott. tioh- hobep. " Cott. J>8e]i hseppC. >' Bod. pagnap. §.II. BOETHITJS. 43 These earthly fruits are created for the food of cattle ; and worldly riches ar& created for .a snare to. those men who are lilce cattle,, that, is,i vicious and intemperate. To those, more- over, they come oftenest. But if thou wouldeat have the measure, and wouldesfc know; what is needful; then is it,, meat and drink,, and clothes, and tools for such craft as thou knowest, which ia natural to thee, and which is right for thee to possess. .What advantage is it to thee, that thou shouldeat desire these present goods beyond measure, when they can neither help thee nor themselves ? "With very little of them nature has enough. With so much she has enough, as we before mentioned. If thou givest her more, either it hurts thee, or it at least is unpleasant to thee, or inconvenient, or dangerous, — all that thou dost beyond measure. , If thou beyond measure eatest, or drinkest, or hast more clothes on thee, than thou needest, the superfluity becomes to thee either pain, or loathing, or inconvenience^ or danger. If thou thinkest that wonderful apparel is any honour, then ascribe I the honour to the artificer who made it, not to thee. The artificer is God, whose skill I therein praise. Thinkest thou that the multitude of thy men can make thee happy ? 'No, no. But if they are wicked and deceitful, then are they more dangerous, and more troublesome tO' thee, had, than not had : for wicked thanes are always their lord's enemies. But if they are good and faithful to their lord) and sincere, is not that, then, their good, not thine ? How canst thou, then, appropriate to thyself their good P ■ If thou boasteat of it, dost thou not boast of their good, not of thine ? § II. It is now plainly enough shown to thee that none of those goods is thine which we have already spoken about, and thou didst think should be thine. If, then, the beauty and wealth of this world is not to be desired, why dost thou re- pine on account of what thou hast lost ? or wherefore dost thou long for what thou formerly had&t ? If it is fair, that is of their own.nature, not of thine: it is their fairness, not thine. Why then dost thou delight in their fairness ? what of it belongs to thee ? Thou didst not make it, nor are they thine own. If they are good and fair, then were they so made; and such they would be, though thou never hadst 44 BOETHirS. CHAP. XIV. rceapene. -j j-pslce hi polban beon f eah f u hi nseppe nahcert. fenj-c tSu f hi afe beoppyp))pan j-eon.^ pe hi co finpe note %e- laenbe paepon. Ac. popfam fe heopa bypje men papiaf. 'J hi him fmcajj beope. popfam fu hi gabepapc -} helcpC on fmum hopbe. ppaec pilnaj-c fufonne f fuhaebbe »c ppelcepe Ser»li5- nejje.^ Eehep' me nu ic hic Se pecge. nseppc «u fsep nauht set buton f fu tilapc* peeble co phonne. 3 pop J)y gsebepajc mape fonne fu ^juppe.' Ac ic pat Seahppife geape. f te eall f ic hep pppece ip pi}) fimim piUan. Ac eoppa jepaslfa ne pmc no ■^ je pena]) fat hi pien. poppam pe fe micel ineppe^ -j miphc agan pile, he befeapp eac miclep pulcumep. 8e ealba cpibe ip ppife po)) pe mon gepypn cpsef . faet te fa'' miclep befuppon. fe micel agan pillaf. ■] pa puppon ppifelytlep. f e mapan ne pillniaf fonne genogep. butan he pJmgen mib opepinge hiopa gitpunga ge- pyllan. f hi nseppe ne gebop. Ic pat f ge penap paat ge nan gecunbehce' gob ne gepalpa on mnan eop pelpum nabbap.^ pop- pam ge hi pecap butan eop to ppembum gepceaptum. ppa hit ip miphpeoppeb f psem men Smcp. peah he pe gobcunblice ge- pceabpip. f he on him pelpum nsebbe palpa genoge. buton he mape gegabepige papa ungepceabpipena gepcepta fonne he bepuppe. oSSe him gemetlic peo. ^ pa ungepceabpipan neotena^" ne pilniap nanep oppep peop.'^ ac pincp him genog on pam pe hi binnan heopa asgenpe hybe habbap to eacan pam pobpe pe him gecynbehc bip. Ppset ge ponne peah hpsethpega gobcunblicep on eopeppe paule habbap. paet ip anbgit. -j gemynb. anb pe ge- pceabpiphca piUa f hme papa tpega lypte. pe pe ponne Jiap tSpeo hsepp. ponne h»pp he hip pceoppenbep onlicnej'pe ppa popp ppa ppa anegii gepceapt pypmept^^ mag hiepe pceppenbep onlicneppe habban. Ac ge pecap psepe hean gecynbe gepaelpa anb heojie peopfpcipe to pam nipephcum ^ to Sam hpeopenblicum" pin- gum. Ac ge ne ongitatS hu micelne teonan ge bop Eobe eoppum pceppenbe. poppam pe he polbe paet te eaUe men psepan ealpa oppai* gepceapta pealbanbap. Ac ge unbeppiobap eoppe hehptan mebemneppe unbep pa eallpa nypemeptan gepceapta. -j mib pam ge habbap gecypeb f te aeptep eoppum agnum bome ge bop eop pelpe pyppan ponne eoppe agne^^ aehta. nu ge penap f eoppe nauht'* pelan pien eoppa gep»lpa. ) teohhiap f eall eoppe 1 Cott. a))y beopjian pen. ' Bod. Jelicnerre. ' Bod. telej:. * Cott. ciolaj-t. ' Cott. typje. » Cott. mmepjre. ' Bod. t J>a J>e. » Cott. Secyn- belic. ^ Cott. naebben. 1° Cott. neac. " Cott. poj-. " Bod. jrunemert. " Bod. hpeopenbum. " Cott. o}>eppa. " Cott. eoppa ajna. '« Cott. nohc! § II. ~ BOETHIUS. 45 them. Thinkest thou that they are ever the more precious, because they were lent for thy use ? But, because foolish men admire them, and they to them seem precious, therefore thou gatherest and keepest them in thy hoard. How then dost thou hope to have happiness from anything of this sort ? Believe me now, I say it unto thee, thou hast nought there- from, except that thou toilest to avoid poverty, and therefore gatherest more than thou needest. But nevertheless I very well know, that all which I here speak, is contrary to thy will. But your goods are not what ye think they are : for he who desires to have much and various provision, needs also much help. The old saying is very true, which men for- merly said ; that those need much, who desire to possess much, and those need very little, who do not desire more than enough. But they hope by means of superfluity to satisfy their greediness ; which they never do. I wot that ye think ye have no natural good or happiness within your- selyes, because ye seek them without you, from external creatures. So is it perverted, that man, though he is divinely- rational, thinks that he has not happiness enough in himself, unless he collects more of irrational creatures than he has need of, or than is suitable for him : whilst the irrational cattle are desirous of no other wealth, but think that suffi- cient for them, which they have within their own skin, in addition to the fodder which is natural to them. Whatsoever, then, though little, ye have of divine in your soul, is the un- derstanding, and memory, and the rational will which delights in them both. He therefore who has these threE, has his maker's likeness, as much as any creature can at all have its maker's likeness. But ye seek the happiness of the exalted nature, and its dignity, from low and perishable things. But ye understand not how great injury ye do to God your creator. Por he would that all men should be governors of all other creatures. But ye degrade your highest dignity below the meanest creatures of all : and thereby ye have shown that, according to your own judgment, ye make yourselves worse than your own possessions, now ye think that your false riches are your happiness, and are persuaded that all your 46 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XIV. populb sob jien appan' je relpe. jja hic eac pypf f onne je ]'j7a pillap ; • 2 § III.^ Dser menmrcan lipr Seeynb if f hi 6y anan reon beppan eallum ofpum gej-ceaptum. 'Sy hi hie felpe ongicon hp»c hie ren&.s -j hponan hi renb.* ^ fi hi j'enb^ pJTiran foime nycenu. fy hi nellap pican hpseC hi )-int. oS«e hponan hi pmC. Dam neacum ij- gecynbe f hi nycon hpaeC hi penb." Ac f ip fapa monna unfeap fsec hi nycon hpsec hie pien. Nu ]>e ip ppife ppeotol fKC ge beop on jebpolan. f onne je penaf f senij msej mib ppaembum pelum beoii gepeoppob. Eif hpa nu bi]> mib hpeltnim pelum jepeopfofa -J mib hpelcum beoppypfum sehcum jegypepob.' hu nebehmpl)pe peopfpcipe fonne to fam fe hme gepeoptSaS. fset ip Co hepianne hpene pihthcop. Ne tS»e ne beo8 on fy p aejeppe fsec mib ellep hpam gepenob bif. feah fa jepenu psegpu pien. pehic mib gepenob bitS. gip hit sep pceonbhc yBij. ne bif hiC on py paegeppe. J7ice fu poppop f nan 50b ne bepaf fam pe hiC ah. ppajc tSu papc nu f ic fe ne leoge. -J eac papC paec pa pelan opc bepiap pam pe hie agac on manegum pmgum. j on pam ppipopc psec Ce men peoppaS ppa upahapene pop pam pelan. f opC pe eallpa pyppepCa •] pe eallpa unpeojipepCa mon penp f he pie eallep psap pelan pyppe Se on pippe populbe ip. gip he pipCe' hu he him Cocuman mihce. Se pe micele pelan hsepp. he him. onbpsec monigne peonb.^ Jip he nane sehca naapbe. ne poppce he him nanne^" onbpsebon. Eip pu nu psepe pegpepenbe. "j h»pbepc micel golb on pe. j pu ponne become on peop pceole.'^ ponne ne penbepc pu pe Bmep peopep. gip i5u ponne ppelcep nanpuhc naapbepc. ponne ne-popp- cepc 8u Se nanpuhc onbpaeban. ac meahcepc pe gan pngenbe pone ealban cpifae pe mon gepypn pang, psec pe nacoba peg- pepenb him nanpuhc ne onbpebe. ponne Su Sonne oppopg psepe. ■] t5a peopap Se ppom gepicen paepon. ponne mihtepc pu bipmepian pap anbpeapban pelan. 3 mihcejt cpepan. Gala f his ip gob ^ pynpum f mon micelne pelan age.i^ nu pe nseppe ne pypp oppopg Se hme unbeppehp ; • '= Boet. lib. ii. prosa 5. — Humanse quippe naturse, &c. 1 Cott. bioppan. ' Cott. j-ie. ' Cott. pen. * Cott. pen. » Cott. 71ns. « Cott. pen. ' Cott. geapob. » Cott. pijTe. ° Cott. jynb. " Cott. nsenne. " Cott. >iof pcole. " Cott. haebbe. § III. BOETHirS. 47 worldly goods are superior to yourselves. So indeed it is, when ye so will ! § III. It is the condition of the life of men, that they then only are before all other creatures, when they themselves know what they are, and whence they are : and they are worse than cattle, when they will not know what they are, or whence they are. It is the nature of cattle that they know not what they are; but it is a fault ia men, that they know not what they are. It is therefore very plain to thee, that ye are in error, when ye think that any one can be made honourable by ex- ternal riches. If any one is made honourable with any riches, and endowed with any valuable possessions, does not the hononr then belong to that which makes him honourable ? That is to be praised somewhat more rightly. That which is adorned with anything else, is not therefore fairer, though the ornaments loe fair, with which it is adorned. If it before was vile, it is not on that account fairer. Know thou, as- suredly, that no good hurts him who possesses it. Thou knowest that I lie not to thee, and also knowest that riches often hurt those who possess them, in many things : and in this chiefly, that men become so lifted up on account of riches, that frequently the worst man of all, and the most unworthy of all, thints that he is deserving of all the wealth which is in this world, if he knew how he might arrive at it. He who has great riches, dreads many an enemy. If he had no pos- sessions, lie would not need to dread any. If thou werfc travelling, and hadst much gold about thee, and thou then shouldest meet with a gang of thieves, then wouldest not thou be anxious for thy Kfe ? If thou hadst nothing of this .kind, then thou wouldest not need to dread anything, but mightest go singing the old adage which men formerly sung, - that the naked traveller fears nothing. When thou then wert .safe, and the thieves were departed from thee, then mightest ; thou scoff at these present riches, and mightest say, 0, how .good and pleasant it tis, that any one should possess great wealth, since lie who obtains' it is never secure ! 48 EOETHIUS. CHAP. XT. XTI. CAPUT XYr B'K reo Ee]-cea&pi]-ner Sa fij- j-pell aj-aeb hsifbe. fa ongan heo "" j-mjan ^ fuj- cpaef. Sala hu gej-selig j-eo fopme elb paj- pyey mibban jeapbep. fa selcum men fuhce senoj on f sepe eopfan psBfCmum. Naepon fa pelige hamaj-. ne mij-tlice j-potmetcaj-. ne bpmcaj-. ne bioppypfpa hpsegla hi ne gipnban. fopfam hi fa Jic ngepan. ne hio nanpuhc ne gejapon. ne ne gehepbon. Ne jembon hie nanef fypenlujcep. bucon ppif e jemeclice fa ge- cynb beeoban. ealne peg hi seton sene on baej. anb f paep Co aapennep. Tpeopa p»]-Cmap hi aecon ■j pypca. nallep pcip pm hi ne bpuncan. ne nanne paecan hi ne cuf on piS hunige mengan. ne peolocenpa hpsajla mib mipthcum bleopum hi ne jimbon. Galne peg hi plepon ute on cpiopa pceabum. hluteppa pella paatep hi bpuncon. ne gepeah nan cepa ealanb. ne pe]iof . ne gehepbe non mon fa get nanne pciphepe. ne pipf on ymbe nan gepeoht pppecan. ne peo eopf e fa gee bepmicen mib opplegenep monnep blobe. ne mon pupSum gepunbob. ne monn ne gepeah Sa gee ypel piUenbe men. neenne peopf pcipe nsepbon. ne hi non mon ne lupube. Gala f upe ciba nu ne mihcan peopSan ppilce. Ac nu manna giCpung ip ppa bypnenbe. ppa f pyp on fsepe , helle. peo ip on f am munce 6e ^cne hatte. on f am leglanbe f e Siciha hacce. pe munt bitS pimle ppeple bipnenbe. -j ealla fa neah pcopa fsep ymbutan popbsepn^. Gala hpseC pe popma gitpepe p»pe. f e sepepc fa eopf an ongan belpan sep cap golbe. ■J sepcep gimmum. •] fa ppecnan bebppupfneppa punbe He sep behyb fxy •) behelob mib Ssepe eopf an : ■ CAPUT XVI.'^ § I. DS pe f ipbom fa f ip leotS apungen haepbe. fa ongan he epc ppeUian -j fup cp»f . ppaec maeg ic t5e nu mape pecgan be fam peopfpcipe •] be tSan anpealbe fippe populbe. pop fam anpealbe ge eop polbon ahebban up o« tSone heopen. gip ge mihcon.i f ip popfam fe ge ne gemunon ne eac ne ongicaS f one heoponcunban anpealb 3 f one peopfpcipe pe ip eopep agen. ■J fonan ge comon.^ hpaac pe eopep pela fonne ] pe eopeti anpealb fe ge nu peopfpcipe haca«. gip he becymf co fam' eallpa pyppepcan men. -j Co Sam f e hip ealpa unpeopf ope biT> ppa he nu bybe co f ip ilcan Deobpice. 3 eac' sep Co Nepone y Boet. lib. ii. metrnm 5.— Felix nimium prior aatas, &c. " Boet. lib. li. prosa 6.— Quid autem de dignitatibus, &c. • Cott. meahsen. ' Bod. noman. ' Cott. lu. § I. BOETHIirS. 49 CHAPTEE XV. When Eeason had made this speech, she began to sing, and thus said : O, how happy was the first age of this middle- earth, when to every man there seemed enough in the fruits of the earth ! There were not then splendid houses, nor various sweetmeats nor drinks; nor were they desirous of costly apparel, for they as yet were not, nor did they see or hear anything of them. They cared not for any luxury, but very temperately followed nature. They always ate once in the day, and that was in the evening. They ate the fruits of trees, and herbs. They drank no pure wine, nor knew they how to mix any liquor with honey, nor cared they for silken garments of various colours. They always slept out in the shade of trees. They drank the water of the clear springs. No merchant visited island or coast, nor did any man as yet hear of any ship-army, nor even the mention of any war. The earth was not yet polluted with the blood of slain men, nor was any one even wounded. They did not as yet look upon evil-minded men. Such had no honour ; nor did any man love them. Alas, that our times cannot now become such ! But now the covetousness of men is as burning as the fire in the hell, which is in the mountain that is called .^tna, in the island that is called Sicily. The mountain is always burning with brimstone, and.burns up all the near places thereabout. Alas, what was the first avaricious man, who first began to dig the earth after gold, and after gems, and found the dan- gerous treasure, which before was hid and covered with the earth ! CHAPTEE XVI. § I. 'When Wisdom had sung this lay, then began he again to speak, and thus said : What more can I say to thee, concerniog the dignity and concerning the power of this world ? For power ye would raise yourselves up to heaven, if ye were able. This is, because ye do not remember, nor understand, the heavenly power and the dignity which is your own, and whence ye came. What, then, with regard to your wealth, and your power, which ye now call dignity, if it should come to the worst men of all, and to him that of all is unworthiest of it, as it lately did to this same Theodoric, E 50 BOETHIirS. CHAP. XVI.. Jam Earepe. ^ op eac Co manegum heopa gelicum. pu »e pile he fonne bon j-pa j-pa hy fayfaon -J git bof. ealle^ fa picu fe him vmbep beotS o«8e apep oa neapejce f oprlean -j pophepegian j-pa jTpa pyppp Lg bet5 bp,yne2 haef pelb. o«Se eft re bypnenba ppepl.. tSone muBt bsepnj? ?Se pe hacap iEcne. pe pi on fam ealonbe Siciha. pp;]?e onLce fam inicelan plobe Se gm on Noep bagum pgep. Ic pene ])»fc Su m»ge gemunan f ce eoppe eolbpan giu^ Romana pican on Topcpinep bagum f aep opepmoban cyningep. . pop hip opepmettum. tSone cynehcan naman op Rome bypig sapepc abybon. Onb epC ppa ilce fa hepecohan. fe hi* sep utabpipon. hi polbon ep c uCabpipanpop hiopa opepmectrum. Ac ■ hi ne mihcan. popjiam f e pe aapceppe anpealb fapa hepecogena p^m Romanipcum picum gic pypp hcobe Jjonne pe »ppa Sapa cyninga. Eip hiC Sonne sappe gepupf. ppa hic ppiSe pelban^ ge-.. pypj). f aec pe anpealb "j pe peopfpcipe becume Co gobum men anb Co pipum. hpsec bif tSsep f onne hcpypfep buCon hip gob j • hip peopf pcipe. f Sep goban cyningep. nap ^sap anpealbep. popfam : Se pe anpealb nseppe ne bif gpb.^ bucon pe gob^ pie pe hme hsebbe. fy^ hicbij) tSaep monnep gob.' nap^" Ssep anpealbep. gip pe anpealb gpb'' bif. poppam hiC biS. fieec ce nan man pop hip pice ne cymtS Co cp«p)cum 3 co mebemneppe. Ac pop hip cpsepCum -| pop hip mebumneppe he cymf Co pice ■] Co anpealbe. ^y ne bif nan mon.pop hip anpealbe na Jie beCepe. ac pop hip cpsap?.- cum he beof gpbj^^ ip he gob^' bijj. •) pop hij- cpsepcum he biS. . anpealbep people, gip he hip people bif. Leopma]? popparo-. J/ipbom. -} fonne ge bne gekopnob haebben. ne pophogiaf" hine Jjonne. Donne pecge ic eop bucon aelcum cpeon. f ge magon fuph. hme becuman Co anpealbe. feah ge no jiaep', anpealbep ne pilmgan. Ne fuppon ge no hogian^^ on Sam, anpealbe. ne him sepcep fpmgan. gip ge pipe bif •] gobe. he pile polgian eop. feah je hip no. ne pilnian. Ac pege me nu hpsec eopep beoppypf^pca pela -j anpealb pie. fe ge ppipopc gipnaf . Ic pac feah faec hiC ip fip anbpeapba lip ■] fep bpopmenba pela pe pe Sep ymbe ppsecon ; • § 11." Gala hpaefep ge necehcan" men ongicon hpelc pe pela pie. -J pe anpealb. ^ pa populb gepself a." tSapmc eoppe hlapopbap " Boet. lib. ii. prosa 6.^Nonne, o terrena animalia, &g. 1 Bod. eaU. ' Cott. le^bfS bpigne. = Cott. ealbpan gio. * Cott hme. » Cott. pelbon. « Cott. goob. ' Cott. goob. « Bod. Jjeah 9 Cbtt. goob. 10 Gbtt. nsep. " Cott. goob. " Cott. goob. is Cott goob. "Cbtt-pophycgatS. " Cott. hongian. " Cbtt. netenhcan! " Cott. ]-«lJ>a. § IIv BOEIHIUS. 51 and also farmerLy to Nero the Caesar,, and moreover fre- quently to many like- them? Will he not then do as they did, and still do ? slay and destroy all the rich who are under, OE anywhere near him, as the flame of fire does the dry heath field, or as the burning brimstone burneth the mountain which we call ^tua, which, is in the island of Sicily ? very lite to the great flood which was formerly in Noah!s days. I think that thou mayest remember that your ancient Eoman . senators formerly, in the days of Tarquin the proud, king, on aGoount of his arrogance first banished the kingly name from the city of Eome. And again, in like manner, the consuls who had driven them out, these they were afterwards desirous to expel on account of their arrogance (but they could not) ; because the latter government of the- consuls still less pleased' the Eoman senators, than the former one of the kings. If, however, it at any time happens, as it very seldom doea- happen, that power and dignity come to good men and to wise; what is there then worthy of esteem, except the good and the dignity of Wm, the good king, not of the power ? Por power never is good unless he is good who. possesses it. Therefore if power be good, it is the good of the man, not of the power. Hence it is, that no man; by his authority cornea to virtues and to merit : but by hia virtues, and by his merit, . he comes to authority and to power. Therefore^ is: no man for his power the better;: but for his virtues he is good, if he be-, good: and for his virtues he is deserving of power, if he bei deserving of it.. Learn,, therefore; wisdom;, and. when ye- have learned it, do not then despise it. Then I say to you, without all doubt, that ye may through, it arrive . at, power, though ye be nnt desirous of power. Ye need not be anxious for power,.nor press after it. If ye are wiseand good, it will- follow you, though ye are not desiroua.of it.. But tell me now, what is your most valuable, wealth and power,, which ye most desire ? I know, however, that it is this present life, .and thisi perishing- wealth, which we before spoke about. § II. O, ye beaatlike men, do ye-know what wealth is, and power, and w.oridly goods?. They are your lords, and your E'A 52 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XTI. 3 eoppe peal&anbar. nsej- ge heopa. Eif ge nu gerapen hpelce muj- f sec p»pe hlapopb op ep of pe myp- :i re'='^« ^i™ bomap. ] mbbe^ hie sepcep japole. hu punbephc polbe eop p»c pincan. hpelce cehheccunge je polbon paep habban. anb mib hpelcum hleahcpe ge polbon beon apcypeb. hu micle mape ip fonne f »p monnep lichoma Co mecenne piS f COob. ponne peo mup pij> fone mon. pp^t je fonne mason eafe jepencan. gip ge hit je- opne ymbe pmeajan pillap ^ sepcepppypian. f nanpe puhce hchoma ne beotS ponne cebeppa ponne fsep monnep. Dam majon bepian fa laepcan pleojan. -^ fa jnseccap mib ppife lyclum pcicelum him bepiaf . ~\ eac fa pmalam pypmap. fa tSone mon ge innan ge uCon pepbaf .^ ^ hpilum pulneah beabne %e- boS. ge pupfum f eop lytle loppe hine hpilum beabne gebef . ppilca puhca him bepiaf segf ep ge innan je uton. On hpaem mseg aenig man ofpum bepian bucon on hip lichoman. oSSe epc on heopa pelum. f e ge hacaf gepaelf a. ne nan mon ne m^g f am gepceabpipan CCobe gebepian. ne him gebon f hic ne pie f f hic bif.^ Daec ip ppife ppeocol Co ongicanne be pumum Romanipcum seSelmge. pe psep hacen Libepiup.^ pe pap Co manegiim piCum gepophc. popf am f e he nolbe melbian on hip gepepan f e mib him piepebon^ ymbe f one cynmg f e hie sep mib unpihce gepunnen haepbe.^ fa he fa bepopan f one gpaman cyning gelseb paep. "j he hine hec pecjan hpsec hip gepepan psepon f e mib nim ymbe piepebon.^ fa popceap he hip agene Cunjan. anb peapp hine Beep mib on Saec neb popan. popfam hiC gepeapS f Bam pipan men com Co lope anb co pypSpcipe f pe unpihcpipa cyning him ceohhobe' Co pice. ppaec ip f fe ma f senig man msege ofpum bon. fac he ne maege him bon f lice. -J gip he ne maeg. of ep man mseg. fe leopnobon eac be fam paalhpeopan Bipipibem. pe yssj on .^Egipcum. faap leob- hacan gepuna pap f he polbe aelcne cuman ppife aphce unbeppon. •] ppife ppaaplice pif gebaepan f onne he him jepepc CO com. Ac epc aep he him ppom cepbe. he pceolbe beon op- plegen. -j fa gecybbe" hiC f Gpculep lobep punu com Co him. fa polbe he bon ymbe hine ppa ppa he ymbe manigne cuman aep bybe. polbe hme abpencan on f aape ea f e Nilup hacce. fa peapf he pcpengpa -j abpencce hine. ppiBe pyhce be Eobep borne, ppa ppa he manigne oSepne rep bybe. Ppsec eac Regulup. pe popemaepa hepecoga. t5a he peahc piS Sppicanap. he h^pbe > Cott. nebbe. ' Cott. \>!&t ee. ^ cott. pypbalS. ■■ Cott. hit rie J>8ec J>Bet hie ne bi'5. = Cott. Tibepiup « Cott. npebon. i Bod. haejboii. « Cott. hme rypebon. " Cott. aohhobe. '» Cott. gebenebe! § II. BOETHItrS. 53 rulers, not ye theirs! If ye now saw some mouse that was lord over other mice, and set them judgments, and subjected them to tribute, how wonderful would ye think it ! What scorn would ye have, and with what laughter would ye be moved! How much greater, then, is man's body, compared with the min^, than the mouse compared with the man ? Indeed, ye may easily conceive, if ye will carefully consider and examine it, that no creature's body is more tender than man's. The least flies can injure it : and the gnats with very little stings hurt it: and also tlie small worms which corrupt the man both inwardly and outwardly, and sometimes make him almost dead. Moreover the little flea sometimes kills him. Such things injure him both inwardly and outwardly. "Wherein can any man injure another, except in his body? or again in their riches, which ye call goods ? No man can injure the rational mind, or cause it that it should not be what it is. This is very evidently to be known by a certain Eoman nobleman, who was called Liberius. He was put to many torments because he would not inform against his as- ^ sociates, who conspired with him against the king who had with injustice conquered them. "When he was led before the _ enraged king, and he commanded him to say who were his associates who had conspired with him, then bit he off' his own tongue, and immediately cast it before the face of the tyrant. Hence it happened that, to the wise man, that was I the cause of praise and honour, which the unjust king ap- pointed to him for punishment. What is it, moreover, that . any man can do to another, which he may not do to him in "like manner ? and if he may not, another man may. We have learned also concerning the cruel Busiris, who was in Egypt. This tyrant's custom was, that he would very honour- ably receive every stranger, and behave very courteously to him when first he came. But afterwards, before he departed from him, he would be slain. And then it happened that Hercules, the son of Jove, came to him. Then would he do to him, as he had done to many a stranger before : he would drown him in the river which is called Nile. Then was he stronger, and drowned him, very justly by God's judgment, as he many another before had done ! So also, Eegulus, the illustrious consul I When he fought against the Africans, he 54 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XTI. jralneah unayecsenblicne pge oj:ep fa SFpicanaj-. Sa he hi fa rpiSofC popj-lasen hEepfee. fa hec he hi bin&an :| on balcan leTan.i fa tebynebe hit rpfe hpaf e f he peapf gebunfaen mi& hijia pacencum. ppaec penrc Su fonne hpsec gofaer ]-e^ anpealb rie. f onne he on nane piran hi)- ajner cpsefCep ne mseg pop- busan f he f aac ilce vpel ne gef apge ofpunumonnum. f e he sep ofpum byfae. hu ne ij- j-e anpealb f onne f aep nauhc -: • § III.'' Ppsec penj-c fu. jip pe peopfpcipe ^ pe anpealb ajnep ■tSoncep gob psspe anb hip pelpep anpealb hwfbe. hpae«ep he ■polbe fam popcufeptum manmrm poljian ppa he nu hpilum* beS. Pu ne papc fu f hiB nip nauhc gecynbe ne nauhc gepunehc'^ Eenig pjf eppeapb Smg bion semenjeb pif oSpum pif eppeapbum. o88e Eemje jepeppaabenne piS habban. Ac peo jecynb he onpcunaS fsec hie^ majon peopf an togsebepe semenjeb. fe ma^ f e pEec gob'' ^ f sec ypel majon Becgsebepe bion. Nu tSe ip ppitSe openlice gecyf eb f f ip anbpeapbe pice, anb f ap populb gepsdf a. •] fep anpealb op heopa' agnum gecynbe ^ heopa agnep ge- pealbep nauhc gobe ne pienc. ne hiopa pelppa nanne anpealb nabbatS. nu hi pillaf chpian^ on fsem pyppcan monnum -j him gefapaf'fsec hi bioS heopa hlapopbap. Nip ^sep nu nan Cpeo.^ opc f a^" eaUpa popcafepcan men cumaS Co fam anpealbe ^ to fam peopJ>]cipe. Eip pe anpealb fonne op hip agenpie gecynbe ■] op hip agenep gepealbep gob paepe. ne unbeppenge he nseppe fa ypelan ac fa goban. Dsep ilcan ip to penanne Co eallum ^am gepseKum f e peo pypb bpengS firr^r anbpeapban lipep ge on cpaepcum ge on ashtum. popfam hie hpilum becumaSco fssm popcuf eptum. ppaac pe genog geopne piton tSeet nanne mon jsep ne Cpeof fet pe peo^' P'^onS on hip msegene.'Se mon ge- pihtS Sset ptponghc peopc pypcS. Ne f onne ma. gip he hpseC bi^. ne tpeof nsenne mon f he hpaec ne pie. Spa gefeeS'^ eac pe bpeam cpsapt f pe mon bif bpeamepe. -j pe Iwce cpapt f aet he bif Isece. -j peo pacu beS^^ f he bif peccepe. Spa beS eac pe ge- cynba cpsepC selcum men. f f gob ne mseg beon pi« f ypel gemengeb. ne f ypel piS f gob. Seah he buCu on anum men pien. feah bif aegfep him on punbpon. f gecynb uyle nseppe nanpuhc pif eppeapbep Isetan gemengan. popfam heopa aegfep l> Boet. lib. ii. prosa 6.— Ad hsec, si ipsis dignitatibus, &c. ' Cott. leosan. = Bod. j-e liobej-. = Cott. J.a6C. 4 Bod. hpilcum. 5 Bod. hi. 6 Cott. J-on ma. ' Cott. goob. ' Cott. hser anpealber hiopa. ' Cott. diopan. " Bod. ojr J>ain. ^^ Cott. nf. la Cott miel " Cott. sebeU. ' *' § III. BOETHIXrS. 55 obtained an almost indescribable victory over tbe Africans. When he had grievously slain them, he gave order to bind them, and lay them in heaps. Then happened it very soon, that he was bound with their fetters. What thinkest thou, then ? What good is power, when he who possesses it, can in no wise, by his own strength, avoid suifering from other men the same evil which he before did to others ? Is not, then, power in that case naught ? § III. What thinkest thou ? If dignity and power were good of its own nature, and had power of itself, would it follow the most wicked men, as it now sometimes doth? Dost thou not know, that it is neither natural nor usual, that any contrary thing should be mixed with other contrary, or have any fellowship therewith ? But nature refuses it that they should be mixed together ; still more that good and evil should be together. Hence it is very manifestly shown to ■thee, that this present authority, and these worldly goods, and this power, are not good of their own nature, and of their own efficacy, nor have any power of themselves : since they .are willing to cleave to the worst men, and permit them to be their lords. There is not indeed any doubt of this, that often the most wicked men of all come to power and to dignity. If power, then, were good of its own nature, and of its own efficacy, it never would be subservient to the evil, but to the ■good. The same is to be thought with regard to all the goods which fortune brings in this present life, both of talents and possessions: for they so'metimes come to the most wicked. We very well know that no man doubts of this, that he is powerful in his strength, who is seen to perform laborious work : any more than if he be anything, any one doubts that he is so. Thus the art of music causes the man to be a musician, and medical knowledge to be a physician, and rhetoric causes him to be a rhetorician. In like manner also the nature of things causes to every man that good ;«annot be mixed with evil, nor evil with good. Though they are both in one man, yet is each in him separately. Nature will never suffer anything contrary to mix, for each of them rejects the other, and each will be what it is. Eiches cannot S8 BOETHIUS. CHAP. STI. onj-cunaS ofep. an& segf ep pile beon f f hiC bif . ne inKg )-e pela gebon ■p j-e JiCj-epe ne j-ie Sitfepe. ne fa gpun&leaj-an giC- pinga gepyllan. ne ye anpealb ne m»S ge&on hij- pealbenb peal- benbne. Nu f onne nu sale jepceap c onj-cunaS f f hipe pif ep- peapb bi«. anb j-piS ^eopne Ciolaf f hiC him f ppom apcnpe. hpelce Cpa j-ynb fonne pifeppeapbpan beCpuh him fonne 50b ^ yfel. ne peopf atS hi nsappe Co j-omne Sepegeb. Be f Mm fu mihc ongitan. pf fa gepaelSa tSipep anbpeapban hp ep fuph hie pelpe heopa pelppa gepealb ahton. ■] op heopa agnum gecynbe gobe psepon. ponne polbon hi piinle on Sam dipian.^ Se him 50b mib pophce. nalsep^ ypel. Ac faip fap hi jobe beoS. fonne beo^ hi >uph fsep joban monnep gob gobe f e him gob mib pypcf. ^ pe biS J>uph Eob 50b. Eip hme fonne ypel mon haepf. fonne bif he ypel Suph Jiaep monnep ypel fe him ypel mib bej>. 3 Jiuph beopel.' Ppsec gobep ip pe pela fonne. fonne he ne m»5 fa Spunbleapan giCpunga apyllan faep Jicpepep. otSSe pe anpealb. f onne he ne msej hip pealbenb pealbenbne gebon. Ac hine ge- bmbaj) f a pon pilnunga* mib heopa unabmbenblicumpacenCum. feah mon nu ypelum men anpealb pelle. ne gebeS pe anpealb hine gobne ne meobumne.^ gip he sep naep. ac geopenaS hip ypel. gip he sep ypel ysey. •] gebeS hiC fonne ppeofcol. gip hic sep nsep. popfam feah he sep ypel polbe. f onne nypCe he hu he hiC ]-pa pullice gecyf be.° wp he puUne anpealb haepbe. Daec gepypf popfam bypige fe ge psegniaf fsec ge moton pceppan fone' naman. hacan f paelfa f nane ne beotS. -j fiaeC mebumnep ne beof .' popfam hi gecytSatS on heopa enbunge f onne hie enbiaf. f hie napf ep ne biot5. popfaem napf ep ne pe pela.^ ne pe anpealb. ne pe peopf pcipe ne beof Co penanne f hic peo pof e gepaelf pie. ppa hic ip nu hpse«opC Co pecganne be eaUum f sem populb ge- pselfum" fe peo pypb bpengf. f f sep nan puhc on nip fsep Co pilmanne peo. popfam tSe Ssep nan puhc gecynbehcep gobep on nip Ssep «e op him cume. f ip on f am ppeocol f hi hie pimle Co tSam gobum ne SeobaS. ne t5a ypelan gobe ne geboS fe hi hie opcopc cogeSeobaf ; • § IV .« Da pe fipbom fa fip ppell fup ajiehc^l hsepbe. fa ongean he epc gibbigan 3 fup cpasf . ppsec pe picon hpelce " Boet. lib. ii. metrum 6.— Novimus quantaa dederit, &o. 1 Cott. cleopan. ''' Cott. naUep. a Cott. faiojrul. « Cott pelmisa 5 Cott. mefaomne. « Bod. acfSbe. i Cott. jione. » Cott. nane * nan mebomner ne bi«. ^ Bod. ■p hie naphep ne ]-e pela. i» Cott raelbum " Cott. apeaht. • > y § IV. BOETHIFS. 57 cause the miser not to be a miser, or satisfy his boutidless desires, nor can authority make its possessor powerful. Since, then, every creature avoids that which is contrary to it, and very earnestly endeavours to repel it, what two things are more contrary to each other than good and evil ? They are never united together. Hence thou mayest understand, that if the goods of this present life through themselves, had power of themselves, and were in their own nature good, then would they always cleave to him who did good with them, not evil. But wheresoever they are good, they are good through the good of the good man, who works good with them, and he is good through God. If, then, an evil man has it, it is evil through the man's evil, who doth evil with it, and through the devil. "What good is wealth, then, when it cannot satisfy the boundless desires of the piiser ? or power, when it cannot . make its possessor powerful, but the wicked passions bind him, with their indissoluble chains ! Though any one give to any evil man power, the power does not make him good nor meritorious, if he before were not : but exposes his evil, if he before were evil, and makes it then manifest, if it before were not. Eor though he formerly desired evil, he then knew not how he might so fully show it, before he had full power. It is through folly that ye are pleased, because ye can make a name, and call that happiness which is none, and that merit which is none : for they show by their ending, when they come to an end, that neither wealth, nor power, nor dignity, is to be considered as the true happiness. So is it most as- suredly to be said concerning all the worldly goods that fortune brings ; that there is nothing therein which is to be desired, because there is nothing therein of natural good which comes from themselves. This is evident from hence, that they do not always join themselves to the good, nor make the evil good, to whom they most frequently join them- selves. § IV. "When "Wisdom had thus made ttiis speech, thea began he again to sing, and thus said: We know what cruel- 58 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XVll. pselhpiopnej-j-a. 3 hpilce hpyjiaj-. hpilce unpihthseme&u. -j hpilc man. 3 hpilce apleapiejTejeunpihcpij-aEaj-epeNepon peojihce. pe het aec pumum cypjie pojibsepnan ealle Rome buph on anne pit? »pcep Jisepe bipene pe 510 Tpojia bupg bapn. hme lypte eac Sepeon hu peo bupne. -j hu lanje. -j hu leohce be fsepe ofeppe. ^ ept he hec opplean ealle fa pipepCan pican Romana. je pup- pon hip agene mobop. -J hip agene bpo«ep. je pup«on hip agen pip he opplog raib ppeopbe. 3 pop %llecum nsep he napuhc ge- unpotpob. Ac fdey py bhppa -j pajenobe pEep. Onb peah becpiih Syllecum unpihcum nsep him no py Isep unbeptSeob eaU f ep mibban geapb ppom eaptepeapbum oS pepcepeapbne. anb epc ppom pUpepeapbum oS noppepeapbne. eaU he ^eey on hip anpealbe. I'enpC Jiu f pe gobcunba anpealb ne mihte apyppan fone anpealb pam unpihcpipan Kapepe. anb him paepe puhhunje jepteopan. giphe polbe. tipe la gepe. ic pat f he mihce gip he polbe. Gala eap hu hepij jeoc he beplepce on ealle pa pe on hip Cibum hbbenbe paepon on eoptSan. •] hu opt hip ppeopb psepe bej-yleb on unpcylbigum blobe. Pu ne pap paep genoj ppeocol f pe anpealb hip agenep Soncep gob naap. pa pe gob nsep pe he Co com ;• CAPUT XVII.a DK pe {7ipbom pa pip leop' apungen haepbe. tSa geppigobe^ he. ■;) pa anbppopebe pset CDob anb pup cpsep. Gala Eepceabpipnep. hpset ISu papc f me nasppe peo giCpung ~j peo gemaagp tJippep eopShcan anpealfaep pop pel ne licofae. ne ic eallep pop ppipe ne gipnbe pippep eopplican picep. buton la^ ic pilnobe peah anb- peopcep Co pam peopeepe me beboben paep Co pypcanne. f pap f ic unppacobhce* ^.gepipenlice mihcepceopan ■] peccan pone anpealb pe me bepaepc paep. ppsec «u papc f nan mon ne mseg naenne cpaepc cj^an. ne nsenne anpeaib peccan ne pciopan butan" colum -j anbpeopce. f bi« sslcep cpaepCep anbpeopc f mon Sone cpaepc bucon^ pypcanne maeg. f bip ponne cynmgep anbpeopc'' -j hip col mib Co picpiaaine. f he.haebbe hip lanb full mannob.* he pceal hsebban gebebmen. •^pypbmen,^ -\ peonc- >! Boet. lib. ii. prosa 7.— Turn ego, scio, inquam, &o. 1 Cott. lio«. 2 Cott. Serugobe. ^ Co(.j_ ^^j.^^ ^-^^^ , ^^^^ ^^_ niaco'Slice. = Bod. butum. « Cott. butan. ' Bod. peonc anbpeonc. * Cott. monnab. " Cott. yepbrnen. -^ OHAP. XTII. BOETHItrS. 59 ties, and '■what ruins, what adulteries, and what wickedness, and what impiety, the unrighteous Csesar, Nero, wrought.^ He at onetime gaive order to burn all theoity of Eome at once, after the example that formerly the city of Troy was burned! -He\Yas desirous also to see how it would burn, and how long, and how light, in cOmparisoTi of the other : and besides gave order to slay all the wisest senators of the Ro- mans, and also his own mother, and his own brother! He moreover slew his own wife with a sword. And for such things he was 'in no wise grieved, but was the blither, arid re- joiced at it! And yet amid such crimes allthis middle-earth "was neyei^theiess subject to him, from eastward to westward, : and again from southward to northward : it was all in his i power. Thinfeest thou thait the heavenly Power, could not take away the empire from this unrighteous Csesar, and cor- rect this madn«ss in him, if he would ? ¥es, O yes, I know that he could, if he would ! Alas ! how heavy a yoke did he lay on all those who in his times were living on the earth ! and how oft his sword was stained with innocent blood! Was it not then sufficiently evident, that power of its own nature was not good, when he was not , good; to whom it ' came ? > , .. //' > CHAPTEE XVII. ; :, When Wisdom had sung, this lay he was silent, and the Mind then answered, arid thms said : Eeason, indeed thou knowest that covetonsness and the greatness of this -earthly -power never ^eU pleased me, nor did I altogether very much •yearn after this earthly authority. But nevertheless I was desirous of materials for the work which I was commanded ' to perform ; that was, that I might honourkbly and fitly guide and exercise the power which, was committed to me. More- over, thou knowest that no man can show any skill, nor ex- ercise or conteol any power, without tools and materials. That is, of every craft the .materials, -without wiich man cannot exercise the craft, This, then, is a king's materials ,and his tools to reign with: that lie have his land well ■ peopled ; he must .have; prayer-men, and soldiers, and work- 60 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XTIII, men. ppjec pu papfc faacce bucan «ijTim solum' nan cynmg hir cpasft ne mseg cy^an. Dset if eac hi]- an&peopc. f he habban j-ceal Co fam colum f am ppim jej:eji)-cipum bipij-ce. f ij- fonne heopa bipij-c. lanb to bujianne. -j SipCa.^ -J psepnu. -j mece. -j ealo.^ -J clajjap. 3 ge hpaet fsep fe })a fpe gefeppcipap behopia];.* ne Hisej lie butan fijTim faj- col gehealban. ne bucan Jjipum colum nan fapa fmga pypcan ])e him beboben ip Co pypcenne. pop J>y ic pilnobe anbpeopcep fone anpealb mib Co gepeccenne. f mme cpaspcap ^ anpealb ne pupben popgicene "J popholene.* popfam aelc cpaepc 3 »lc anpealb bi]j pona popealbob ■] pop- ppujob.^ gif he bif buCan pipbome. popfam ne msej non mon nasnne cpsepc popfbpmgan bucan J^ipbome. popfam Jie ppa hpKC ppa fuph bypige gebon biS. ne mseg hiC mon nseppe Co cpsepce gepecan/ f ip nu hpaSopc Co pecganne. f ic pilnobe peopjipullice Co libbanne fa hpile f e ic lipebe.^ 3 sepCep mmum lipe Jiam monnum Co Isepanne. fe sepCep me paepen mm je- mynb on jobum peopcum ; . ^ CAPUT XVIII.» § I. DS Sip fa gepppecen pap. fa geppigobe^" f (Cob. -j peo Eep- ceabpipnep ongan pppecan 3 fuj- cpaef . eala COob eala" an ypel ip ppife to anpcunianne.i2 f ly f f te ppife pmgalhce" -j ppife hepishce beppicf ealpa fapa monna GDob fe beo6" on heopa jecynbe jecopene -j feah ne beof Co fam hpope fonne gic cumen pulppemebpa mgegena. f ip fonne pilnung leapep gilpep ■3 unpyhcep anpealbep ■] ungemechcep hhpan gobpa peopca orep eall pole, popfam^' pilnigaf momge men'<5 anpealbw. tJe hie polbon habban gobne hlipan. feah hi hip unpypfe pen. re run- fum pe ealpa popcufepca pilnaS fsp ykan. Ac pe be pile piphce 2 seopnhce »Ftep ],am hhpan ppypian. fonne onjiche ppife hpafe hu lycel he bi6. -j hu l»ne. 3 hu cebpe. n hu beb»leb BBlcep sobep. Eip fu nu geopnhce pmeagan pile anb pican pile ymbe ealpe Sippe eopfan ^bhpyppc ppom eapcepeapban Sippep ^ Boet. lib. ii. prosa 7.-Et ilia: Atqni hoc unum est, &c. 1 Cott. hrran Eolan. = Cott. gifa. » Cott. ealu. * Cott. behopsen. = Bod. pupbe ropsiren ^ popholen. e Cott. ronrueob. 7 CnT t" peccan. » Cott. hpbe. » Cott. fre a^fte,. me p^U mm gem^nb s on gobum peopcum. Bod. xften me iiEenen semvnb on i-ns,™ ^ * " Cott. serusobe. " Cott. ea. - i"l Ird^r rpX^^Z.'""''"^- .3 Bod. pnganhce. " Bod. o«. » Cott. T^^W^^C^t^yl^^^Zl; § r. BOETHIFS. 61 men. Thou knowest that without these tools no king can show his craft. This is also his materials which he must have besides the tools ; provisions for the three classes. This is, then, their provision ; land to inhabit, and gifts and weapons, and meat, and ale, and clothes, and whatsoever is necessary for the three classes. He cannot without these preserve the tools, nor without the tools accomplish any of those things which he is commanded to perform. Therefore I was desirous of materials wherewith to exercise the power, that my talents and power should not be forgotten and con- cealed. For every craft and every power soon becomes old, and is passed over in silence, if it be without wisdom : for no man can accomplish any craft without wisdom. Because whatsoever is done through folly, no one can ever reckon for craft. This is now especially to be said ; that I wished to live honourably whilst I lived, and after my life, to leave to the men who were after me, my memory in good works. CHAPTEE XVIII. § I. "When this was spoken, the Mind remained silent, and Eeasoh began to speak, and thus said : 0, Mind, one evil is very greatly to be shunned; that is, that which very con- tinually and very grievously deceives the minds of all those men, who are in their nature excellent, and nevertheless are not yet arrived at the roof of perfect virtues. This, then, is the desire of false glory, and of unrighteous power, and of unbounded fame of good works among all people. Many men are desirous of power, because they would have good fame, though they be unworthy of it : and even the most wicked of all are desirous of the same. But he who will wisely and diligently inquire concerning fame, will very soon perceive how little it is, and how slender and how frail, and how destitute of all good. If thou wilt now studiously in- quire, and wilt understand concerning the circumference of all this earth, from the eastward of this middle-earth to the 62 BOETHirS. CHAP. XYIII. mifafaanseapfaer oS pefCepeapbne. ^ Fpam pifepeapbum oS' nopfepeapbne. fpa ppa f u leopnobepc on f aepe bee fe Apcpolo- jium hatce. fonne'milic «u ongican ^ lie ip eall pif tSone heofon to mectanne ppilce an lyCel ppicu^ on bpaban bpebe. oJ)J)e ponb beah on pcilbe. aepcep pippa monna^ bome. pu lie papc pu faec pu leopnobepc on Pcolomeup bocum. ye ppat. eailep fipep mibbangeapbep jemeC on anpe bee, t5sep f u miliG on gepeon f eall moncynn ~\ ealle netenu ne notijaS napep* neah peopjian.bsdep Sippe eopfan faep f e men jepapan^ majon. popfam pe hy hit ne majon eall gebujian-pum pop hsato. pum pop- cyle. ] fone msepCan, bael hiphaepp pee opeppeten. Do nu op Udm peoppaa beale on Jjinum GOobe eall. fast peo pa hip oppeeen haep]?. -^ eaU tSa pceapb Se beo him onjenumen hsep)J. "] eall^ hip pennap -\ mopap genumen habbatJ. -j eall f on eaUum Seobum peptep lijef. Sonne mihc tSu ongitan ])»tce fap eaUep nip monnum f onne mape Isepeb co bugianne. bucon ppelce an lycel capeptum.^ Ip f forme pop bypihc geppmc^ ge pinnaf eoppe populb Co Son f ge pilniaji eopepne hlipan ungemetlice Co gebpsebanne^ opep ppelcne capepcun* ppelce fseC ip pssCCe men bugiaj) fippe populbe. pulneah ppilce an pjuca^ pop fsec oSep. Ac hpaec pumeblicep oSi5e miceUicep oSSe peopfpulhcep hasp]) pe eopep gilp Jie ge faep bugia})'" on |?am pipcan baele healpum lonbep j unlonbep. mib pas. mib paenne. ;] mib ealle. ppa hic ip'i geneappeb. To hpon pilnige ge Sonne co unge- meclice psec ge eopepne naman cobpseban opep Sone ceofan bsel. nu hip mape mp mib paa. mib pasnne. mib ealle ;. § II.' Jjepeaca]) eac f on'^ Sipum lyclum peappoce. fe pe, aap ymbe pgpaecon. bugiajj ppife manegaiSeoba. '^mipchca.^' ] ppijje ungehca 8eg|iep ge on j-ppaece. ge on Seapum. ge on eallum pibum. eaUpa f apa peoba fe ge.nu piUnia]) ppif e unge- meclice f ge pcylon eopepne naman opep Cobpseban. f ge naeppe gebon.ne magon. popfam'* heopa pppasc ip cobseleb on Cpa ;] hunb : peoponcig.-'^ J.»lc fapa pppaeca ip Cobaeleb on manega Seoba.i^* ^ fa pmc colegena, y Cobaelba mib^ pse. ■] mib pubum. ] mib muncum. 3 mib psennum. ■j mib monegum •] mib mipclicmn." pepcenum. 1 ungepaepum lonbum. f- hit puptSum f Boet. lib. ii.prosa 7. — Adde quocl.hoc ipsum, &c. 1 Bod. oj:. 2 Cott. lyclu pjiice. = Bod. >i)-pa mona. * Cott. notia'S fupl'um napep. * Cott. sejrepan. ^ Cott. cauepcun. ' Cott. tobpe- banne. « Cott. caueptun. » Cott. ppice. • »" Bod. hogia^. " Bod. hi]-. " Cott. J>ffit se. " Cott. rpifre miplica. " Cott. jopJ)on. 's Bod. on hun-peopontis. '° Cott. ^lob. " Cott. mij-licum. § II. BOIIHIFS.., 63 westward, and from tbe southward to the northward,, as thou hast learned in the book which is called Aatrologium ; then mayest thou peEceive that it iaair,.compared with the heaven, like a little point on a, broad board, or the boss, on a shield, according to the opinion of wise men, , Dost thou not know what thou, hast learned in the books of Ptolemy, who wrote of the measure of all this middle-earth in one book ? Therein thOu mightest see that all mankind,, and all cattle, do not occupy anywhere nigh the fourth, part of this earth, which men are able to go over. For they cannot inhabit it all ; some part, for heat, some for coldj and. the greatest part' of it the sea has covered. Take,, then, from this fourth part, in thy mind, all that the sea has. covered of it,.and alLthe shards which it has taken from it ; and all that fens and moors have taken of it,, and all that in all countries lies waste; then, mayest thou understand, that,.of the whole,, there is not more left for men to inhabit, than as it were a small enclosure. It is, then, in foolish labour that ye toil aU your life, because ye wish beyond, measure to spread your fame over such, an en- closure as that is which men inhabit in this world ; almost like a point compared with the other ! But what of spacious, or of great, or of honourable, has this your glory, when ye therein inhabit the fifth part halved of land and desert ? so is it narrowed with sea, with fen, and with all! , Wherefore desire ye,, then,. too immoderately, that ye should spread your name over the. tenth, part, since there is not more of it, with eea, with fen, and- with all! §11. Consider also that in this little park which we before have spoken about, dwell very many nations, and, various, and very unlike both, in speech, and in manners, and in all the customs of all the nations, which, ye now very immoderately desire that ye should spread your name over. This ye never can do, because their language is divided into seventy-two ; and every one of these languages is divided, among many nations, and they are separated and divided by sea, and by woods, and by mountains, and by fens, and by many and various wastes, and impassable lands, so that eveu merchants 64 BOETHITIS. CHAP. XVIII. cepemen ne gejiapa)). Ac hu msej f sep J)onne jyn&eplice anej- picep monne)- nama cuman fonne Ssep mon piptSum faepe bupje naman ne jeheop^. ne psepe ]>eobe Se he on hampsej-C bip. Dy ic nac pop hpilcon bypse je jeopnaS' ^ je polbon eopepne naman cobpaeban jeonb eallne eopfan. f ge bon ne magon.i^ ne fuppum napep neah. PpasC Su paj-C hu micel Romana pice psep on CDapcupep bajum fsep hepetogan. pe paep oppe naman haCen Tulhup. -} ppibban ticepo. hpaec he cypbe on pumpe hip boca. f te t5a jet Romane nama ne com opep Sa muntap pe Eaucapeap pe hacap. ne pa ScitSSeap ])e on oppe healpe papa munta bujiap puppum paepe bupje naman ne psep polcep ne jeheopbon. Ac 'Sa he com aepepc to Pappum. ^ jidsy psep ppipe nipe. Ac he \>seY Seah ^aep ymbutan manegum polce ppipe egepull. pu ne ongite ge nu hu neapa' pe eopep hhpa beon pile pe ge psep ymbe jpmcap ■] uhpihdice tihaS* to ge- bpaebenne. ppaafc penpt Su hu micelne hhpan 3 hu micebie peopppcipe an Romanipc man msege habban on Sam lanbe. S»ji mon pupSum Ssepe bupcge naman ne gehepbe. ne eallep Ssep polcep hlipa ne com. Deah nu hpelc mon ungemetlice 3 ungebapenlice pilnige f he pcile hip hlipan tobpaeban opepi ealle eoppan. he ne maeg f poppbpengan. poppam pe papa Seoba peapap pmt ppipe ungehca. •] heopa gepetneppa ppipe miplica.° ppa f te paet on oSpum lanbe betpt licap.^ paette f bip hpilum on pam oppum taelpypplicopt. -} eac micelep pitep pyppe. pop- pam ne maeg nan mon habban gehc lop on aelcum lonbe. pop- pon pe on selcum lanbe ne licaS f on oppum heap ■- § III.s Fop 81 pceolbe aelc mon beon on Sam pel gehealben. f he on hip agenum eapbe licobe. peah he nu mapan pilnige. he ne maeg puppiam f poppbpmgan. poppam Se pelbhponne bip f te auht manegum monnum anep hpaet licige. pop py pJTip opt gobej- monnep lop alegen inne on^ Saepe ilcan peobe pe he on hampae)t bip. ■] eac poppam tSe hit opt ppipe paplice gebypebe puph pa heapbpaelpa papa ppitepa f hi pop heopa plaeppe. -j pop gimelepte. ^ pop peccelepte popleton unppiten Sapa monna peapap •] hiopa baeba. pe on hiopa bagum popemaepopte -j peoppgeopnepte paepon. ^ peah hi nu eall hiopa hp -j hiopa baeba appiten haepbon. ]pa jpa hi pceolbon gip hi bohton. hu ne pop- eallbobon Sa geppitu peah 3 lopobon Sonecan pe hit paepe. jpa E Boet. lib. ii. prosa 7. — Erit igitur pervagatS, &c. ' Cott. naE hpelce bypige ge gipna'S. ' Cott. nteppe Sebon. 3 Cott. neapo. * Cott. tiohalS. = Bod. miptle. » Cott. hcobe. ' Cott. in. ■§ in. BOETHIUS. 65 do not visit it. But how, then, can any great man's name singly come there, when no man there hears even the name of the city, or of the country, of which he is an inhabitant? Therefore I know not through what folly ye desire that ye should spread your name over all the earth ! That ye cannot do, nor even anywhere nigh. Moreover, thou knowest how great the power of the Eomans was in the days of Marcus, the consul, who was by another name called Tullius, and by a third Cicero. But he has shown in one of his books, that, as then, the Eoman name had not passed beyond the moun- tains that we call Caucasus, nor had the Scythians who dwell on the other side of those mountains even heard the name of the city or of the people : but at that time it had first come to the Parthians, and was then very new. But nevertheless it was very terrible thereabout to many a people. Do ye not then perceive how narrow this your fame will be, which ye ' labour about, and unrighteously toil to spread ? How great fame, and how great honour, dost thou think one Koman could have in that land, where even the name of the city was never ; heard, nor did the fame of the whole people ever come ? Though any man immoderately and unreasonably desire that [he may spread his fame over all the earth, he cannot bring it to pass, because the manners of the nations are very unlike, and their institutions very various ; so that in one country that pleases best which is at the same time in another deemed most reprehensible, and moreover deserving of great punish- ment. Therefore no man can have the same praise in every land, because in every land that pleases not, which in another pleases. s § III. Therefore every man should be well contented with thife, that he be approved in his own country. Though he be desirous of more, he cannot, indeed, bring it to pass :. because it is seldom that aught in any degree pleases many men ; on which account the praise of a good man is frequently con- fined within the same country where he is an inhabitant ; and also because it has often very unfortunately happened, through the misconduct of writers, that they from their sloth, and from negligence, and from carelessness, have left un- written the manners of the men, and their deeds, who in their days were most famous, and most desirous of honour. 66 BOBTsres. CHAP, sviir.- pme ]-pai fa ppicepaj- bybon. -} eac ^a fe hi ymbe ppiton. An& eop Sinc]> ))eah f je hsebban ece ape. gip ge msegen on eallpe eopeppe populbe jeeapman f ge habban gobne hlipan aspcep eoppum bagum. liif fu nu getaslepcSa hpil&' piJTer anbpeapban hpep 3 Sippep hpilenbhcan^ piS Sap ungeenbobaa bpep hpila. tpaet biS hit fonne ; . Tele nu fa lenge^ Jjsepe hpde fe fu &n eaje on beppenan* mseje pip cen fupenb pmCpa. fonne habba]) fa lipila hpaec bpugu onlicep. f eah hit lytel pie. f ip f onne f sec heopa ssgfep hsepf enbe. Tele nu fonne f ten fupenb.geapa. ge f eah f u ma pille. piS f ece ^ f aec ungeenbobe lip. f onne ne pmpc fu f Sep nauhc angehcep.^ popf am f tea Snpenb geajia. f eaih hit lang fmce.. apcoptaf . ■j f sep ofpep ne cymf nseppe nan enbe. popfam hit Bip no to metanne f geenbobilice pif f un- geenboblice. Deah 8u nu telle ppom fippep mibbaneapbep ppuman oS f one enbe. anb mete f ornie fa geap pif f f e nsenne enbe najpf . fonne ne bif faap nauht anlicep. Spa bif eac pe hlipa f apa popemsepena^ monna. Seah he hpilum lang pie. ^ pela geapa f uphpunige. he hiS f eah ppif e pcopt to metanne pif f one fe nssppe ne geenbaS ;. § IV.'' Anb ge ne peccaf f eah hpefep ge auht to gobe bon pif Eenegum ofpum fmgum buton pi^ f am lytlan lope f ssp • poleep. -] pif ]«im pcoptan Mipan. fe pe sep ymbe pppsecon. eapnigaf^ f sap -j poppeof fa cpseptap eoj^iep raigefoncep. ~j eoppep anbgitep. ^ eoppe gepceabpipneppe. anbpolbon habbaa eopeppa gobena peopea mebe set ppsembpa moHna cpibbunge. pilmgaS* f sep to f sepe mebe Se ge to liobe peeolbon.- ppast fu gehypbept fast te gio bagum gelomp. f an ppife pip mon ] ppife pice ongan panbigan^ anep ufpitan ■] hme bipmepobe. popfam he hine ppa opgeUice upahop anb bobobe ■Ssepf he uSpita psepe. ne ey«be he, hit mib nanum cpseptum. ac mib leapum anb opepmobhcum gilpe.^" Sa polbe ]-e pipa mon hip panbigan." hpseSep he ppa pip psepe ppa he pelp penbe f he psepe. Ongani2 hme fa hyppan. -j heapm cpibbigan.^^ Da ge- hepbe p&ufpita ppife gefylbehce fsep pipan monnep popb pume hpile. Ac pitSSan he hip hyj^prnge gehepeb hsepbe. fa pcylbe^* he " Boet., Jib. ii. presa 7.— Vos autem, nisi ad popnlares auras, &c. 1 Cott. seteleps >a hpila. ' Bod. Hep hpilpenhhcan. 3 Cott. leuKu. , Cott. beppe|an. = Cott. anlicep. « Cott. popmsapa. ' Cott. eapnik Cott.pilma«. Cott. panbian. ■» Cott. gdpe. " Cott. rakbian. " Cott. ongon. " Cott. cpibian. » Bod. pealbe. § IV. BOETHmS. 67 And even if they had written the whole of their lives and of their actions, as they ought if they were honest, would not the writings nevertheless wax old arid perish, as often as it was done, even as the writers did, and those about whom they wrote ? And yet it seems to you that ye have eternal honour, if ye can, in all your life, earn that ye may have good fame, after your days ! If thou now comparest the duration of this present life, and this temporsll, with the duration of the never-ending life, what is it then ? Compare now the length of the time wherein thou inayest wink thine eye, with ten thousandvf inters; then have the times somewhat of like, though it be little ; that is, that each of them has an end. But compare these ten thousand years, and even more if thou wilt, with the eternal and the never-euding life ; then wilt thou not find there anything of like, because the ten' thousand years, though it seem long, wiU shorten: but of the other there never will come an end. Therefore it is not to be eom- paied, the ending with the never ending ! If thou even reckon from the beginning of this middle-earth to the end, and then compare the years with that which has no end, there will be nothing -of like. So is also the fame of celebrated men. Though it sometimes may be long and endure many years, it is nevertheless very short compared with that which never ends! § IV. And ye nevertheless ' care not whether ye do any good, on any other account, than for the little praise of the people, and for the short fame which w« have before spoken about. Te labour for this, and overlook the -excellences of your mind, and of your understanding, and of your reason, and would have the reward of your good works from the re- port of strangers ! Te desire to ohtain then the reward which ye should seelc from Grod ! But thou hast heard that it long ago happened, that a very wise man,, and very noble, began to try a philosopher, and scoifed at him, because he- so arrogantly lifted himself up, and proclaimed this, that he was a philoso- pher. He did not make it known by any talents, but by false and proud boasting. Then the wise man would prove him, whether he were as wise as he himself thought that he was. He therefore began to revile, and speak iU of him. Then the philosopher heard very patiently the wise man's words for some time. But after he had heard his reviling, he then de- ^2 68 BOETHITIS. CHAP. XIX. onjean j-pife unjefylbelice.' feah he aeji licecte f he u]>pita psajie. Acj-obe hine «a epchpsefep him f uhce f he ufpica paepe tSe naepe. Da anbppopobe pe pipa mon him -j cpasf. Ic polbe cpefan f fu ufpita yxpe. jip J)u sefylbij paepe 3 geppusian mihcept.s pu lanjpmn paep him pe hhpa. fe he sep mib leapun- gum pilnobe. Pu ne popbseppc he pa fsep pihce p opfam anum anbpypbe. PpaeC popptob fonne fam becepcum mannum. «e aep up p»pon, f hi ppa ppife pilnobon Saep ibelan gilpep^ -j faep hlipan sepcep heopa beafe. o^Se hpsec popptenc hic f am fe nu pinbon. Dy psepe aalcum men mape ^eapp f he pilnobe jobpa cpsepca. fonne leapep hhpan. ppaeC lisepS he sec ]jam hhpan. »ptep fsep hchoman jebale -j f aepe paple. pu ne piCon pe f ealle men hchomhce ppelcaf. ^ peah peo papl biS hbbenbe. Ac peo papl paepji ppipe ppeohce* Co heoponum. pipfan heo oncijeb bi]j 3 op pam capcepne fsep lichoman onhepeb bif. heo poppeo])° ponne eaUe pap eoptShcan finj. ^ pa^enap^ fasp f heo mot bpucan faap heopenlican. pippan heo' bip abpojben ppom p»m eopfhcan. ponne f COob him pelpum jepica bif Eobep pillan ;. j^t: vv. .>.;,.,. .v. ■- ^^^:x<^.«.- CAPUT XIX.1 DS pe pipbom Sa pip ppell apehc^ hsepbe. ^a onjan he gibbian •] pup pmjenbe cpseB. Spa hpa ppa pilnije Co habbenne t5one ibelan hhpan ■^ pone unnyccan jilp. behealbe he on peopep- healpe hip hu pibgille 6sep heoponep hpealpa bip. 3 hu neapa fsepe eoppan pcebe ip. peah heo up pum Jimce. fonne masj hine pcamian pgape bpsebinje hip hlipan. popjjam he hme ne masg pupfum cobpseban opep pa neappan eoppan ane. Gala opep- moban. hpi ge pilnigen f je unbeplucan mib eoppimi ppipan f beaphcne jeoc. oppe hpi ge peon on ppa ibelan jeppince. f je polbon eopepne hhpan cobpseban opep ppa maneja Seoba. Deah hic nu jebypije f Sa ucemepcan tSioba eopepne naman upa- hebban ■] on manij peobipc eop hepigen. -j peah hpa pexe mib micelpe sefelcunbneppe hip jebypba. -j feo on eallum pelum -j on eallum plencum. ne pe beaS peah ppelcep ne pecf . Ac he pop- piehf fa aefelo, -j pone pican jehce -j pone heanan opppeljf. ] ppa geemnec fa pican 3 fa heanan. ppaec pmc nu f sep popemae- >Boet. lib. ii. metram 7. — Quicumque solam mente, &c. > Bod. hylbehc. ' Cott. gerngian meahte. ' Cott, gelpep. * Cott. ppiohce. » Cott. jropph'S. « Cott. rEegnaiS. ' Bod. ntsBr heo. 8 Cott. apeahe. CHAP. XIX. BOETHITIS. 69 fended himself against him very impatiently, though he before pretended that he was a philosopher, and asked him again, whether he thought him to be a philosopher or not. Then answered the wise man to him, and said : I would say that thou wert a philosopher, if thou wert patient, and able to be BUent. How lasting was to him the fame which he before falsely sought ! How did he not immediately burst because of one answer ! What has it then availed the best men who were before us, that they so greatly desired vain glory and fame after their death ? Or what does it profit those who now are ? Therefore it were to every man more needful that he were desirous of good actions than of deceitful fame. What has he from this fame, after the separation of the body and the soul ? Do we not know that all men bodily die, and yet the soul is living ? But the soul goes very freely to the heavens, after it is set loose and liberated from the prison of the body. It then despises all these earthly things, and re- joices in this, that it may enjoy the heavenly, after it is taken away from the earthly. Then the mind will itself be a witness of God's will. CHAPTEE XIX. When Wisdom had made this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus singing, said : Whosoever desires to have vain fame and unprofitable glory, let him behold on the four sides of him, how spacious the expanse of the heaven is, and how narrow the space of the earth is, though it seem large to us ! Then may it shame him of the spreading of his fame, because he cannot even spread it over the narrow earth alone ! 0, ye proud, why are ye desirous to sustain with your necks this deadly yoke ? or why are ye in such vain labour, because ye would spread your fame over so many nations ? Though it even happen that the farthest nations exalt your name, and praise you in many a language ; and though any one with great nobleness add to his birth, and prosper in aU riches, and in all splendour, death nevertheless cares not for things of this sort, but he despises nobility, and devours the rich and the poor alike, and thus levels the rich and the poor ! What are now the bones of the celebrated and the wise goldsmith, Weland? I have therefore said the wise, because to the 70 BOETHirSi CHAP. XX. pau^aab fasf pij-angolfefmiSej-baa.pdoafeej-. pop fy ic cpseS ])»p pipan. pop fy fam cpsasfCegan ne maeg nseppe hip qisapc lopijan. ne hine mon ne masg Sonne ef, on him gemman f 6 mon maeg fa jTuman apenban op hiepe pcebe. Ppaep pmc nu fasp pelonbep ban. o88e hpa par. nu hpsep hi psepon. oSSe hpaep ip nu pe popemsspa ^ je apseba. Rompapa hepesoja. pe psep hatan Bputup. ofpe nainau Eajjiup. otStSe pe pipa ■] ps^tpaeba EaCo. pe pssp eac! Romana hepeCoga. pe paep openhce ufpita. pu ne paepan Jiap jepypn j op^jjepieene. ■j nan mon nac hpasp hi nu pint. Ppsefe ip heopa nu Co lape. bucan pe lycla hlipa ^ pe nama mib peaiun pCapum appiCen. ■] f Jit pyppe ip. f pe picon manije popemsepe ■] . gemynbpypfe pepap poppgepicene f e ppife peapa manna a ongic^ Ac mamge hcjga]) beabe mib ealle popjicene. f pe hlipa hie pupSuaii cuf e ne gebef. Deah ge nu penen ] pdnian f %e. lange hbban poylan hep on populbe. hpsec biS eop Jionne Sy bee. hu ne cymS pe beaS. feah Se^ he lafce cume. -) abeS eop opjjippe populbe. -j hpsec poppcenc eop Jionne pe pip; hupu Jiam pe pe sepceppa beajj gegpipp ■] on ecneppe gehsepc ;. CAPUT XX.i^ DS pe fipbom Jia fip leof apungen haepbe. fa ongan he ppellien^ ^ fup cpsef . Ne pen ]?u no ■p ic- Co anpiUice pmne pif fa pypb. popfam ic hiC no pelpe nauhc ne onbpaabe. popfaem hiC opt gebypaf f peo leape pypb naufep ne masg fam men bpn ne pulcum. ne eac nsenne bem. popfam heo nip nanep lopep pypfe. popfam heo hipe pelp gecyf f heo nanpuhc ne bif . Ac heo onpfiihS hipe aepelm. fonne heo geopenaf hiope Seapap. Ic pene f eah f f u ne poppCanbe nu gic hpaec ic Se Co cpaefe. pop- fam hic ip punbophc f»C ic pecgan pille. •] ic hiC maeg uneafe mib popbum gepeccan.^ ppa ppa ic polbe. f ip faeC ic pac f Ce peo pifeppeapbe pypb byf aelcum men nycpypfpe Jionne peo oppopge. popfam peo oppopge ]-imle hhf anb hcec. f mon pcyle penan f heo peo^ pio pofe gepselS. ac pio pijieppeapbe ip pio pofe gepaalp. feah hpaem" ppa ne pmce. popjiam heo i]- paepcpseb ] gehaec pimle f Ce po]> biji. Sio ofup" ip leap ~] beppicj) ealle hipe gepepan. popfasm hio hic gecyf pelp mib hipe hpupppulneppe . faac hio bif ppi])e pancol. Ac peo pifeppeapbe gebec anb ge- IsepeS selcne fapa Se hio hi CogefieC. 810 ofep'' gebmc selc fapa '' Boet. lib. ii. prosa 8. — Sed ne me inexorabile, &c. 1 Bod. heah. " Cott. j-pillian. s Cott. apeccan. * Cott. ip. = Bod. h]!a. 8 Cott. oBjiu. ' Cott. otSira CHAP. XX. BOBTHHra. 71 skilful his skill can never be lost, nor can any man more easily take it from him than he can turn aside the sun from her place. Where are now the bones of Weland ? or who knows now where they were ? Or where is now the illus- trious and the patriotic- consul of the Eomans, who was called Brutus, by another name Cassiixa ? or the wise and inflexible Cato, who was also a Boman consul ? He was evidently a philosopher. Were not these long ago departed ? and no one knows where they are now. What of them is now remaining, except the small fame and the name written with a few letters ? And it is yet worse that we know of many illus- trious and memorable men departed, of whom very few per- sons have ever heard. But many lie dead, entirely forgotten, so that fame does not even make them known! Though ye now think and desire that ye may live long here in the world, what is it to you then the better ? Does not death come, though he come late, and take you away from this world ? And what then does glory profit you ? at least those whom the second death seizes, and for ever binds ? CHAPTEE XX. When Wisdom had sung this lay, then began he to speak, and thus said : Do not suppose that I too obstinately attack fortune. I myself have no dread of it, because it frequently happens that deceitful fortune can neither render aid to a man, nor cause any injury. Therefore she is deserving of no praise, because she herself shows that she is nothing. But she reveals her fountain when she discloses her manners. I think, nevertheless, that thou dost not yet understand what I say to thee : for what I wish to say is wonderful, and I can hardly explain it with words as I would. It is, that I know that adverse fortune is more useful to every man than prosperous. For the prosperous always lies and dissembles, that men may think that she is the true happiness. But the adverse is the true happiness, though to any one it may not seem so, for she is constant and always promises what is true. Gfhe other is false, and deceives all her followers ; for she herself shows it by her changeabieness, that she is very un- stable: but the, adverse improves and instructs every one to whom she joins herself. The other binds every one of the minds which enjoy her, through the appearance which she 72 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XXI. mo&a fe hipe^ bjiycf mib fsepe hijmnga tSe hio licet f hio pe gob. j-eo piSeppeapfae foime anbinc^ ] Seppeof aelc f apa fe hio tojefieS. mib fam f hio him geopena}) hu ciebpe' faej- anb- peapban jepselfa pinc. Ac peo oppophnep gsef pcypmaelum [ppa fsep pmbep ypc.]* Sio pipeppeapbnep fonne bif pimle uncselu. ;] ppacu apcippeb' mib f sepe pcypinse hipe ajenpe ppecenneppe. Ac po leape jepaelf hio tihf onlapt neabmja fa f e hiepe coge- f eobaj? ppom fasm pofum^ jepselfum mib hiepe olecunse.'' 8eo pifeppeapbnep fonne puU opc ealle fa fe hiepe unbepjjeobbe bioj). neabmja jecihf to fam pofum jepselfum. ppa ppa mib angle pipe gepanjen bi]). Dincf fe nu f lytel geptpeon -j lytel eaca fmpa gepself a. fatte feop pefe anb feop egephce pif ep- peajibnep fe bpingf. f ip feet heo ppife hpafe }>a CDob. fe ge- openaji Smpa getpeoppa ppeonba. anb eac fijipa peonba. fsetjiu hie miht ppitSe pputele^ tocnapan. AcfEepleapan gepselfa fonne hi fe ppom gepitaf . Sonne nimaS hi heopa men mib him. -j l»ta}) fine peapan getpeopan mib f e. pu polbepc fu nu gebyc- gan. fa f u gepselgopt psepe ■] f e f uhte f peo pypb ppif 0]C on Smne pillan pobe. mib hu micelan' peo polbept fu fa habban geboht f fu pputole mihtept tocnapan fme ppmb^" ^ fine pynb.^^ Ic pat f eah f fu hit polbept habban mib miclan peo^^ geboht f fu hi cufept pel topcaban. Deah f e nu fince f fu beoppypf e peoh^^ poplopen habbe. f u hsepj^t f eah micle biop- pypfpe mib geboht. f pint getpeope ppienb. fa fu miht nu tocnapan. 3 papt hpaet fu hiopa haeppt. ppset f ly f eallpa beoppeopf epte peoh ;. CAPUT XXI.i DS pe pipbom fa f ip ppell apseb hsepbe. fa ongan he gibbigan" ■J Sup pmgenbe cpsef . An pceppenb ip buton aelcum tpeon. -} pe jp eac pealbenb heoponep ^ eopf an -j ealpa gepceapta gepepen- licpa ■] eac ungepepenhcpa. f ip Eob selmihtig. Sam f eopiaf ealle fa f e f eopiaf . ge fa f e cunnon. ge fa f e ne cunnon. ge fa f e hit piton f hie him f eopiaf . ge fa f e hit nycon. 8e ilea ge- 1 Boet. lib. ii. metrum 8. — Quod mundus stabili fide, &c. > Bod. hepe. ^ Cott. onbine. a Cott. tebpa. ' Cott. ppa Jjseji pmbep )>yp, and Bod. ppaajjep pmfaer J-yp. The reading -within the brackets is a suggestion of the late Mr. Cardale's, in -which I fully concur. ' Cott. psepu apceppeb. " Cott. po>an. ' Cott. })»pe ohccunse. 8 Cott. ppeocole. » Cott. micle. " Cott. jrpenb. " Cott. penb. 12 Cott. micle pio. " Cott. poh. " Cott. gibbian. CHAP. XXI. BOETHIUS. 73 feigns of being good: but the adverse unbinds, and frees every one of tbose whom she adheres to, in that she discloses to them how frail these present goods are. But prosperity goes confusedly as the wind's storm ; while adversity is always faultless, and is saved from injury by the experience of her own danger. In fine, the false happiness necessarily draws those who are associated with her, from the true felicities, by her flattery : but adversity often necessarily draws all those who are subjected to her, to the true goods, as a fish is caught by a hook. Does it then seem to thee little gain, and little addition to thy felicities, which this severe and this horrible adversity brings to thee : that is, that she very quickly lays open to thee the minds of thy true friends, and also of tmne enemies, that thou mayest very plainly dis- tinguish them ? But these false goods, when they depart from thee, then take they their men with them, and leave thy few faithful ones with thee. How wouldest thou now buy, or when thou wert happiest, and it seemed to thee that fortune proceeded most according to thy will, with how much money wouldest thou then have bought, that thou mightest clearly distinguish thy friend and thy foe ? I know, how- ever, that thou wouldest have bought it with much money that thou mightest well know how to distinguish them. Though it now seem to thee that thou hast lost precious wealth, thou hast nevertheless therewith bought much more precious, that is, true friends, whom thou art now able to distinguish, and knowest what of them thou hast. But this is the most valuable wealth of all. CHAPTBE XXI. "When Wisdom had made this speech, then began he to sing, and thus singing, said: There is one creator beyond all doubt, and he is also governor of heaven and earth, and of all creatures, visible and invisible. He is God Almighty. Him serve aU those creatures which serve, both those which have understanding, and those which have not understand- ing : both those which know it that they serve him, and those which know it not. The same has appointed un- 74 BOETHItrS.. CHAP. XII. j-etce unapenbenfehcne pbo. ^ feapar- :) eac jecynbelice j-ibbe eaUum hif jefceapcmn ;])a faie polbe. -j fpa lange rP^ he polbe.. fa nu j-culon j-can&am Co pojuil&e; Dajia tmrCiUena gepceafCa- j-Cypmg ne masg no peopfan gepcillefa. ne eac onpenb of Sam jiyne ] oj: jiaspe enfeebypbneppe f e him gepec ip. ac pe anpealba hsepj) ealle hip gepceapca ppa mib hip bpible bep anjene. ] geco- gene. -j gemanobe ppa f hi naufejr ne gepcillan ne mocon. ne eac ppifop pcypuan. fonne he himfaec gejium hip pealfoletSepep topojilsec. Spa haepf pe aehnihtigaEob geheajjopabe ealle hip ge- pceapta inib hip anpealbe. fsec heopa aelc pmS yip ofep. anb f eah ppaepeS opep f hie ne mocom toplujran. ac biS gepepp be epc Co ]?am ilcan pjfnei f e hie sep upnon. y ppa peopfaf epc geebnipabe. ppa hi hiC pagia^^ tSa pijieppeapfean gepceapca segfepi ge hie becpux Jum pmna]). ge eac psepce pibbe becpux him heal- baf . Spa nu pyp hep -j paeceji. ■] pae. ■]■ eop]?e. ■] manega o]7pa ge- ^pceapca. pe beoj) a ppa ungetSpaapa becpux him ppa j'pa hi beof. ■J peak he heop ppa geppsepa fsecce no f an f hi magon gepepan beon. ac py pupjiop- f: heopa pupfum nan bucon ojjpum been ne m»g. Ac a pceal f sec rpiSeppeapbe f oSep pifeppeapbe ge- mecgian. ppa nu haep^ pe «etoiihicega Cob ppif e gepceabpiphce 3 ppitSe limphce gepec f geppixle eallum hip gepceapCum. Spa nu lenccen -} haeppepc. on lenccen hifc gpepS. amfo onhseppepc hic pealpaji. 3 epC pumep -j pmcep.- on pumepa hiC bij> peapm. amb on pmfcpa cealb; Spa eac pio punne bpmgj> leohce bagap. ■] pe mona hhc on nihc. Jiuph faep ilcan Irobep mihc. Se ilea pop- pypn)) Jjsapes p» f heo ne moc fone feoppcpolb opeppcseppan faape eopj^an. Ac he haep); heopa meapce ppa gepecce. f hie ne moC heope meapce gebpseban opep pa, pcillan eopfan. CWib fam ilcan gepece ip gepeahc ppife anlic geppixle ])8ep plobep ~j Jisep ebban. J7a gepecenep fa he laetr pCanban f a hpile pe he pile. Ac fonne asp pe he f gepealblefep poplsec fapa bpibla. pe he fa gepceapca nu mib gebpiblobe hsepf .1 ■p. peo pif eppeapbmep, pe pe Sep ymbe pppaecon. gip he Sa Isec toplupaji. ,f onne poplsecaf hi fa pibbe f e hi nu healbaf . 3 pmf heopa >selci 0H3 of ep aspCep hip agenum piUan. 3 poplseCaf heopa gepeppaebenne. 3 popboS ealne f ypne mibbaneapb. 3 peopfaf hrni pelpe Co nauhce. Se ilea Cob gepegf ' mib ppeonbpaabenne pole Cogsebepie. 3 pm hig-- fcipap gepamnaf mib ctenhcpe lupe. pe gegaebepaf ppmb 3 ge- pepaAi^ hiegecpeoplice heopa pibbe. 3 heopa ppeonfapsebenne healbaf . Gala f ce Sip moncyn paepe gepselig. gip heopa CDob OHAP. XXI. BOETJHITJS. 75 changeaMe cuatomB and habitSj. and also natural agreement, to all hds creatures, -wheti he would, and so long as lie would, which now shall stand for ever. The motion; of the moving creatures cannotcbe stayed, nor yet turned froaiithe course and from the order that is set to them. But the governor has so with his bridle caught hold of, and restrained, and ad- monished, aU. his creatures, that they neither can be still, nor yet move farther than he the space of his rein allows to them. So has the Almighty God .controlled aU his creatures by his power, that each of them strives with, another, and yet sup- ports another, so that they cannot slip asunder, but are turned again. to the same course which they before! ran, and thus become again renewed.. So are they varied, that con- trary creatures both strive with each other, and. also hold firm agreement with each other. Thus fire dx)th, ajid water ; and sea and earth; and many other creatures, which will ever be as discordant between themselves, as they are ; and yet they are so accordant that not only they may be com- panions, but moreover, that even no one of them without another can exist. But ever must the contrary the other contrary moderate. So has now the Almighty God very wisely and very fitly appointed change to all his creatures. Thus spring and harvest. In spring it groweth, and in harvest it ripens. And agaia sufnmer and winter. In summer it is warm, and in winter cold. So also the sun bringeth light days, and the moon gives light in the night, through the power of the same God. The same warns the sea that it may not overstep the threshold of the earth : but he has so fixed their limits, that it may not extend its boundary over the still earth. By the same government is ordered a very like change of the flood and the ebb. This appointment, then, he allows to stand as long as he wills. But whenever he shall let go the rein of the bridles with which he has now bridled the creatures, that contrariety which we before mentioned, if he shall allow these to be re- laxed, then will they forsake the agreement which they now keep, and strive, each of them with other, after its own will, and forsake their companionship, and destroy all this middle- earth, and bring themselves to naught. The same God joins people together with friendship, and unites families with virtuous love. He brings together friends and companions, that they faithfully hold their agreement and their friendship. 76 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXII. paepe j-pa pht ^ j-pa jei-catelob. -j rpa Seenbeb^pb. ppa rpa fa ofpe jerceajrca pinbon ; ■ Pep enba;^ nu peo sepcpe ppopep boc Boeciupep.i ^ onpn]) peo fpibbe. 8e Boeciup psep ofpe naman jehacen^ Seuepinup. pe psep hepecoga Romana;. CAPUT XXII.'° § I. D3 pe j7ipbom t5a Jjip leof apunjen haepbe. «a hsepbe lie me jebunben^ mib fsepe pynnpumneppe hip pangep. f ic hip psep ppijie papienbe ^ ppi^e lupcbsepe hme to gehypanne mib mne- peapbum CDobe. ^ fa pulpajje* fsep ic chpobe'' to him ~} Sup cpsef . eala ]7ipbom. fu fe eapc pio hehpte ppopep eallpa pepigpa moba.^ hu fu me haappc appeppobne segf ep je mib finpe pmea- hcan pppsece. ge mib fsepe''' pynj-umneppe finep pangep. to fam fu me haeppt nu gepetne' ] opepcumenne mib f mpe gepceab- pipneppe. f me nu fyncf faecte no f an fast ic Sap unpJTib apaapnan maej. fe me on becumen ip. Ac feah me get mape ppecenne)' on becume. ne cpife ic' naeppe ma f hit buton ge- pyphtum^o pie. popfam ic pat f ic mapan 3 hepigpan pypfe paepe. Ac ic polbe ymbe fone laecebom fapa Smpa lapa hpene mape gehypan. feah Su nu hpene aep paebeptl^ f fu penbept'^ f hi polbon me ppife bitepefmcan. ne onbpaebe ic hi me nauht nu. Ac ic heopa eom ppipe gippe aegf ep ge to gehepenne ge eac to gehealbanne. -] Se ppije geopne bibbe f Jiu hi me gelaepte. ppa ppa Jiu me nu lytle aep gehece. Da cpaeS pe {7ipbom. Ic on- geat pona fa Su ppa pel geppugobept. anb ppa luptlice gehepbepfc mine lape.^^ f fu polbept mib mnepeapban GOobe hi ongiton. 3 pmeagean. popf am ic geanbibobe ppife pel of ic pipte^^ hpaet f u polbept. ■] hu f u hit unbepptanban polbept. ■j eac f y pupf op ic tiolobe ppif e geopnpuUice. -^ Suhic popptanban mihtept.'^ Ac 10 fe pille nu pecgan hpelc pe laececpaept ip mmpe lape Se Su me nu bitpt. Pe ip ppiSe bitep on mufe -j he f e tipf on Sa f potan f onne Su hip sepept panbapt. Ac he pepobaf ^^ pybf an he mnaf . •] bif ]-pife life on Sam innofe. ") ppife ppete to bealcetenne ; . " "> Boet. lib. iii. prosa 1. — Jam cantum ilia finierat, &c. > Cott. 8ej:tep]%e fpojrji boc Boetaej-. '^ Cott. hacen. ' Cott. gebun- benne. * Cott. julpsete. ^ Cott. cleopobe. « Bod. faoma. ' Bod. Jiinpe. " Cott. apecne. " Bod. ly. '» Bod. Sepyp)>um. " Cott. psebe. " Cott. penbe. > " Cott. mma lapa. " Cott. pipre. " Cott. meahte. '° Cott. ^e pepebatS. " Bod. belcencan. S I- BOETHIXrS. 77 O, how happy would this mankind be, if their minds were as right, and as established, and as ordered, as the other creatures are ! Here endeth the second conaolation-book of Boethius, and beginneth the third. Boethius was by another name called Severinus : he was a consul of the Eomans. CHAPTEE XXIT. § I. When Wisdom had sung this lay, then had he bound me with the sweetness of his song, so that I was greatly ad- miring it, and very desirous to hear him with inward mind : and immediately thereupon I spoke to him, and thus said : O, Wisdom, thou who art the highest comfort of all weary minds ! how hast thou comforted me, both with thy profound discourse and with the sweetness of thy song ! So much hast thou now corrected and overcome me with thy reason- ing, that it now seems to me that not only am I able to bear this misfortune which has befallen me, but even if still greater peril should come upon me, I will never more say that it is without deserving : for I know that I were deserving of more, and heavier. But I am desirous to hear something more of the medicine of these thine instructions. Though thou just now saidst that thou thoughtest that they would seem very bitter to me, I am not now afraid of them, but I am very anxious after them, both to hear, and also to observe : and very earnestly entreat thee that thou wouldest perform to me, as thou a little while ago promisedst me. Then said Wisdom : I knew immediately when thou didst so well keep silence, and so willingly heardest my doctrine, that thou wouldest with inward mind receive and consider it. There- fore I waited very well till I knew what thou wouldest, and how thou wouldest understand it; and, moreover, I very earnestly endeavoured that thou mightest understand it. But I will now tell thee what the medicine of my doctrine is, which thou askest of me. It is very bitter in the mouth, and it irritates thee in the throat, when thou first triest it : but it grows sweet after it enters in, and is very mild in the Btomach, and pleasant to the taste. 18 BQETHITTS. CHAP. XXIII. § n.° Sc Sasp «u onjeate hpibpe ic fe nu ceohhie Co Isabenne.'^ ic pat ■f ]>\x polbej-c yyipe geopne Sifaep punbian. ] rpif e rpijjlice beon onssleb mib tSaepe giCfunge. fopfam ic ge- hepbe f ]>u aap j-sebefC f pu j^jife geopiifull paape tic Co geliy- panne. Da cps&p f CDob. ppjjjep pile pu me nu rP'pop Iseban. Da anbpypbe j-eo Eefceabpij-nej- anb cpsep. To paem poprnn ge- paelfum ic Ciohliie^ f ic fe Isebe. pe^ )>m OOob op C ymbe psarP©]' ] eafme]).^ ■] tSu^ nemihcepc gyc pulpihcne peg apebian Co Sam pfum gepselfum. popfam Jjin CCob psep abipjob nub paepe Einpme tSij-pa leapena gej aalSa. Da cp»)) ^ CDob. Ic iSe healpige f J)u me opepe bucon Eelcum Cpeon hpaec po j-o])e sepselj) pie. Da cp»]) pio nepceabpipnep. Ic piUe poplupclice pop Jjmum lupum. Ac ic pceal be pumepe bipene pume anhcneppe faepe pipan Tpe jecKcau. of ye •f pmj cuf pe pie. Co pam f fu fa bipne jpeo- Cole jepceapige. "j ponne be fsepe aniicneppe fapa pofena je- paalfa pu meege pnjican fa pofan jepselSa. ^ poplaeCan^ f aeCCe him pif eppeapb bip. f pmc fa leapan gepselfa. anb f onne mib eallep mobep geopnpuUan mjef ance higie'' f fu msege becuman ■ Co f am gepself um f e ece f uphpumaf ; . CAPUT xxm." DS pe |7ipbom fa f ip ppeU apehc^ bsepbe. fa ongan he epc jibbian. ■] f up cpsef. Spa hpa ppa piUe papan pepCmbaepe lanb. atio sepepc op fa fopnap. 3 fa pyppap. 3 f peapn. ■] ealle fa peob f e he jepio "p f am aecepum bepigen. f pe hpaece maeje Sy bee peaxan. Gac ip tSeop bipen Co gef encenne. f ip 'p aelcum men finctS hunigep bio bpeab f y peopobpa. gip he hpene aep biCepep onbipigf . anb epC pmylce ]iebeji hip fy fancpypfpe. gip hic hpene sep bif pceapce pCopmap. ■] nopSan pmbap. ~j micle penap ^ pnapap. Anb fancpypfpe bif eac f sep baegep leohc pop f»pe egephcan f lopcpo f sepe nihce. f onne hiC psape gip nan mhc naspe. 5pa bif eac mide f e pmpumpe pio pof e gepselS Co habbenne sepCep f am eopmfum fippep anbpeapban hpep. Anb eac micle Sy ef f u mihc fa pof an gepself a gecnapan anb Co hiopa cyff 6 becuman. gip Suaapepc apypcpalapc op Sinum COobe » Boet. lib. iii. prosa 1. — Sed quod tu te audiendi, &c. Boet. lib. iii. metrum 1. — Qui serere ingenmim volet, &o. 1 Cott. aohiSe to Isebanne. - Cott. tiohige. = Cott. Jjaapi. * Cott. hpaeppelS T eac mffiS. = Cott. Sc J)u. « Bod. jroplseE. ' Cott. higige. ' Cott. ap»b. CHAP. SXIII. BOETHITJS. 79 § II. But when tbou sbouldest perceive whither I now design to leadi thee, I knew that thou wouldest very anxiously tend thither, and be very greatly inflamed with that desire. Tor I heard what thou before saidst, that thou wast very de- sirous to hear it. Then said the Mind : Whither wilt thou now especially lead me ? Then answered Eeason, and said : I propose that I should lead thee to the true goods, about which thy mind often meditates, and is greatly moved : and thou hast not yet been able to find the most direct way to the true goods, because thy mind was occupied with the view of these false goods. Then said the Mind : I beseech thee that thou wouldest show me, beyond all doubt, what the true happiness is. Then said Reason : I will gladly, for love of thee. But I must, by some example, teach thee some re- semblance of the thing, tiU the thing be better known to thee ; in order that thou mayest clearly view the example, and then, by the resemblance of the true goods, thou mayest know the true goods, and forsake what is contrary to them, that is, the falge goods : and then with the anxious thought of all thy mind, strive that thou mayest arrive at those goods, which, for ever remain ! CHAPTEE 2XIII. When Wisdom had ended this discourse, then began he again to sing, and thus said': Whosoever is desirous to sow fertile land, let him first draw out the thorns, and the furze, and the fern, and all the weeds which he observes to do injury to the field, in order that the wheat may grow the better. Also, this example is to be considered, that is, that to every man honeycomb seems the sweeter, if he, a little before, taste cmythmg bitter. And, again, calm weather is the more agree- able, if it a little before be stark storms, and north winds, and mucK rain and snow. And more agreeable also is the light of the day, for the horrible darkness of the night, than it would be if there were no night. So is also the true happiness much the more pleasant to enjoy, after the calamities of this present life. And, moreover, thou mayest much the sooner discover the true goods, and arrive at the knowledge of them, if thou first rootest out from thy mind the false goods, and removest 80 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXIT. t5a leaj-an jej-selfa. -j hi opatihrc of' 8one gpunb. SitStSan pu hi fonne gecnapan mihc. fonne pac ic f Su ne pilnapC nanej- opjiej- finjep opep fa ; . CAPUT XXIV.P § I. DS he fa fip leoS apungen haepbe. fa popleC he fone panj. -J geppugobe ane hpile. ^ ongann pmealice fencan on hip mobep mjefance. anb Sup^ cpaef. ^Ic beafhc man ppencf hme pelpne mib mipthcum' ^ manigpealbum ymbhojum. ^ feah pillniaS ealle fuph mipdice* pafap cuman to anum enbe. f ip f hi pilniaf fuph ungehce eapnunja cuman Co anpe eabigneppe. ^ ip f onne Dob. pe ip ppuma ■] enbe selcep jobep.^ "j he ip po hehpte jepaelf .^ Da cpaej) f CDob. DseC me Syncf pie f hehpce job.^ fsacte man ne ^uppe nanep of pep jobep. ne eac ne pecce opep f. piSSan he f hsebbe. f ip hpop^ eallpa of eppa joba.' popf am hiC call oSpu gob^" ucan bepehf . •] eaU on mnan him haepf . Naepe hic no f hehpce job.-'-'^ jip him aemg butan paepe. popf am hic hsepbe Sonne Co pilmanne pumep gobep'^ f e hiC pelp n»pbe. Da anbppajiobe pio Eepceabpipnep ^ cpsaf . Dsec ip ppif e ppeotol f faec ip pio hehpce jepaeK. popf am hic ip sejfep ge hpop 5e plop eallep gobep.^' hpaec ip f f onne buCon peo pelepce . jepaeK. f e fa ofpa jepaelf a ealle-^* on mnan him jegabepaS. -j hi ucan ymbhaepf .'^ ;] on mnan him gehelc. ;] him nanep ne bits pana. ne he nanep neobSeappe naepf . Ac hi cumaf ealle op him. -J epc ealle Co him. ppa ppa eaUe paecepu cuma6 op Saepe pae. -J epc ealle cumatS Co S»pe pae. Nij- nan Co f aep lyCel aspelm.^^ f he fa pae ne jepece. anb epc op f aepe pae he jelenc . in on fa eopf an. ■] ppa he bif pmugenbe jeonb fa eoptSan. ot5 he epC cymf Co Sam ilcan aepelme f e he aep uc pleop. ) ppa epc CO Saepe pae ; . § II.1 Dip ip nu bipen fapa pof ena gepaelSa. fapa pilniaf ealle beafhce men co begiCanne. Seah he tSuph mipclice" pejap Sencan Co cumanne. popfam aeghpelc man haepf gecynbehc job^* on him pelpum. popfam aelc CCob pilnaf pof ep jobep co p Boet. lib. iii. prosa 2. — Turn defixo paulnlum visu, &o. 9 Boet. lib. iii. prosa 2. — Est enim mentibus bominum, &o. ' Bod. op atih'S o«. ^ Cott. >a. ' Cott. mipliciun. * Cott. miplice. 5 Cott. soobep. 6 Bod. gerseljja. ' Cott. goob. » Cott. Hiorp. ' Cott. gooba. '" Cott. goob. " Cott. goob. " Cott. goobep. " Cott. goobep. " Cott. ealla. " Cott. ymbjreh'S. i" Cott. sspylm. " Cott. mirhce. " Cott. goob. § I. II. BOETHIITS. 81 them from the ground. After thou, then, art able to discover those, I know that thou wilt not desire any other thing be- sides them. CHAPTEE XXIV. § I. A¥hen he had sung this lay, he ceased the song, and was silent awhile, and beo;an to think deeply in his mind's thought, and thus said : Every mortal man troubles himself with various and manifold anxieties, and yet all desire, through various paths, to come to one end : that is, they desire, by dif- ferent means, to arrive at one happiness ; that is, then, Grod ! He is the beginning and the end of every good, and he is the highest happiness. Then said the Mind : This, methinks, must be the highest good, so that man should need no other good, nor moreover be solicitous beyond that : since he possesses that which is the roof of all other goods ; for it includes all other goods, and has all of them within it. It would not be the highest good, if any good were external to it, because it would then have to desire some good which itself had not. Then answered Eeason, and said : It is very evident that this is the highest happiness, for it is both the roof and the floor of all good. "What is that, then, but the best happiness, which gathers the other felicities all within it, and includes, and holds them witliia it : and to it there is a deficiency of none, neither has it need of any ; but they all come from it, and again all return to it : as aU waters come from the sea, and ao-ain all come to the sea ? There is none in the little fountain which does not seek the sea, and again, from the sea it arrives at the earth, and so it flows gradually through the earth, till it again comes to the same fountain that it before flowed from, and so again to the sea. § II. Now this is an example of the true goods, which all mortal men desire to obtain, though they by various ways think to arrive at them. Eor every man has natural good in himself, because every mind desires to obtain the true good : 82 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXIT. beTicarane. Ac hit bit amejijieb mib Sam Isenum so&um.i pp pam hiC bi» [oi:b8elpe]3 fsepco. popfam rume menn penaf f fKC pe reo releree ser»lf • f mon pe ipa peliS T lie nanep tower manan ne fuppe. ^ pilma«= hiopa populb aepCepfaem. Sume men penaf f f r^e fsec hehjte job.^ f he pe hip je- fepum hir sejepena peopforc. T eaUon msegene ■Ssep ^ilaf. Sume penaf f f hehpce gob" pe on Sam hehj-tan anpealbe.- pa pilmaS oSep cpega. ot5l5e him pelfe picpan. o6Se hi co Sapa pcena fpeonbpcipe gepeoban. Sume ceohhiaf f f betj-c ry fsefc mon jeo popemaape. •] pibmaepe. :j haebbe sobne^ hlipan. ciliaS Sonne fKf ae-gf ep je on pibbe. ge on sepmne. COaneje cellaS f CO mEe]-nim gobe' 3 Co mBepcepesej-selpe f mon pie pmle bhSe on Sippe anbpeapban hpe. 3 pulja eallum hip lupcum. Sume Sonne Sa Se pap pelan pilmaS. hi hip pilniaS poppam Skc ht polbon Sy mapan anpealb habban. f he mihcon^ py oppopglicop pippa populb lupca bpucan. -} eac pap pelan. OOanegae pmc papa pe pop Sy pilHtap anpealbep. Se hie polbon opmaeCe peoh ge- jabepian. oSSe epC pone hlipan heopa naman hi pilmaS pseC hi gebpaeban;. § III.'' On ppelcum. ^ on oppumppelcumlsenum.anfe hpeo- penbum^o peopppcipum selcep mennipcep mobep mjepanc bip jeppencefo mib paepegeoprnpuineppe anb mib paepe ciolunga.^^ penp ponne f i hic hssbbe pum healic gob^^ gepCpyneb. Sonne hiC liMfp jepumnen'-^ paep polcep' olecunga. Onb me pmcS f hic haebbe gebohc pnme ppipe leaphce. miaeppe. Sume CiliaS mib micelpe geopnpulneppe pipa. poppam f hi puph f maege maepc beapua bejican.. -j eac pynpumhce hbban. Da jecpeopan fpeonb.i* poijne ic peege peo^^ paec beoppeopSq-C© Synj eallpa jappa populb jepaelpa; pa ne pmc puppon^* co popnib jobum co cellanne. ac cogobcunbum.^. poppam peo leape pypb hi na popp ne bpmgp'. Ac pe HfOb pe hi geeynbehce gepceop co gemagimi. poppam oe aelcep oppep pmgep on pippe populbe mon pilnaS, oSSe poppam peAe maej Siiph •f Co anpealbe cuman. oSSe co pumum popiilb inpce. bucon Saep gecpeopan ppeonbep. pone mon lupap hum. § III- EOETHITJS. 83 but it is hindered by the transitory goods, because it is more prone thereto. For some men think that it is the best happi- ness that a man be so rich that he have need of nothing more : and they choose their life acodrddngly. Some men think that this is the highest good, that he' be among his fellows the most honourable of his fellows, and they with all energy seek this. Some think that the supreme good is in the highest power. These desire^ either for themselves to rule, or else to associate themselves in friendship with their rulers. Some persuade themselves ihat it is best that a man be illustrious and cele- brated, and have good fame ; they therefore seek this both in peace and in war. Many reckon it for the greatest good and forthe greatest happiness, that a man be always blithe in this present life, and fulfil all his lusts. Some, indeed, who desire these riches, are desirous thereof, because they would have the greater power, that they may the more securely enjoy these worldly lusts, and also the riches. Many there are of those who desire power because they would gather overmuch money: or again, they are -desirous to spread the celebrity of their name. § m. On account of such and other like frail and perish- able advantages, the thought of every human mindis troubled with solicitude 'and with anxiety. It then imagines that it has obtained some exalted good when it has won the flattery of the people ; and methinks that it has bought a very false greatness. Some with much anxiety seek wives, that .thereby they may, above aU' things, have children, and also live hap- pily. True friends, then, I say, is the most precious thing of all these worldly felicities. They are not, indeed, to be reckoned as worldly goods, but as divine: for deeeitftil for- tune does not produce them, but God, who naturally formed them as relations. For of every other thing in this world man is desirous, either that he may through it. attain to power, or else some worldly lust : except of the true friend, whom he loves sometimes for affection and for fidelity, though he expect to himself no other rewards. Nature joins and o2 84 BOETHITJS. CHAP. SXIT. ofeppa Isenai ne pene. f %ecynb sejrehjj -j jelimj? Sa ppienb Co- Jaefaejie mib unCobssleblicpe lujre. Ac mib Sij-pim populb ge- ]-a6lj>um ;j nub t5ij- anbpeapban pelan mon pypcjj ojrcop peonb Sonne fpeonb. Be fij-an^ ^ be 'manejum fyUecum maeg beon eallum monnum cuj). ■^ ce ealle fa lichamlican job biS^ pop- cufpan Sonne Ssepe paple cpsepcap. pp»c pe penaS '^ mon beo J)y ptpaanjpa* f e he biS micel on bip lichoman. peo psejepnep fonne -j peo hpsatnep pssp lichoman geMippaJ) Jione mon. y apec. 3 pio h»lu hme gebep luptbsepne ;. On eallum Jiipum licham- licum' jepselijneppum men pecaf anpealb'e eabignejye fsep Jie him tSincf. popjiam ]>e sejhpelc man j-pa hpsec j-pa he opep ealle of pe pmg ppifopc lupaf . ^ he Ceohhap^ f him pie berpc ] f hip hip hehpce gob/ fonnehe^ ponnebejitenhsspf. fonne tihhaf* he f he maege beon ppitSe gej'selig. Ne onpace ic nauhc f pa ge- paeljia ■] feo eabignep pie fast hehpte gob^ fipep anbpeapban lipep. poppam Se'" seghpilc mann Cehhaf^' f f Smg betpc pie f he ppipopc opep ojipu Jiing lupap. -j ponne he Ciohha]) f he jie ppjfe gepselig. gip he f begican maege. f he fonne ppifopc piUnaS ;. Pu ne 1]- pe^^ nu genog openlice geeopab papa leapena gepaelja anlicnep. f ip ponne aehca. ■] peopSpcipe. -j anpealb. anb gelpi^ -] populblupc. Be pam populblupce Gpicupup pe uppiCa paebe. pa he ymbe ealle pap o6pa gepselpa pmeabe. pe pe aep nembon. pa paebe he f pe lupc paepe f hehpte gob.i* poppam ealle pa oppu gob. pe pe aep nembon. oleccap pam CCobe ] hit pet.'^ pe lupt tSonne ana olecp pam lichoman anum ppipopt • . § IV.' Ac pe piUatS nu get pppecan ymbe 'manna gecynb ] ymbe heopa tilunga. pa nu peah heopa CBob ] heopa gecynb pie abimmab. 3 hi pien on f opbaele apigen to ypele ] pibep healbe. peah hi pilniaS. paep pe hi cunnon •] magon. paep hehptan gobep.16 Spa ppa opepbpuncen man pat f he pceolbe to hip hupe anb to hip paepte. ^ ne maeg peah Sibep apebian. ppa bip eac pam CDobe Sonne hit biS ahepigab mib Saem ymbhogum Sippe populbe. hit bip mib Sam hpilum opepbpenceb -j gebpelob. to f am" f hit ne maeg pullpyht apebian to gobe. Ne pyncp peah ■ Boet. lib. iu. prosa 2.— Sed ad hominum studia, &o. ' Cott. leana. ' Cott. hr- ' Cott. hcumlican goob bio«. - Cott rspencpa. J Cott. licumlicmn. » Cott. tiohha«. ' Cott. toob' Cott tiohha« » Cott. soob .0 Cott. >y. " Cott. t,ohha«: Cott. % 13 Cott. Sielp. " Cott. Soob. " Bod. reta«. " Cott Soobep. " Cott. sebpealb to ton. •" "' § IT. BOBTHIUS. 85 cements friends together with inseparable love. But with these worldly goods, and with this present wealth, men make oftener enemies than friends. By these and by many such things it may be evident to all men, that all the bodily goods are inferior to the faculties of the soul. We indeed think that a man is the stronger, because he is great in his body. The fairness, moreover, and the vigour of the body, rejoices and delights the man, and health makes him cheerful. In all these bodily felicities, men seek simple happiness, as it seems to them. Por whatsoever every man chiefly loves above all other things, that he persuades himself is best for him, and that is his highest good. When, therefore, he has acquired that, he imagines that he may be very happy. I do not deny, that these goods and this happiness are the highest good of this present life. For every man considers that thing best, which he chiefly loves above other things ; and therefore he persuades himself that he is very happy if he can obtain what he then most desires. Is not now clearly enough shown to thee the form of the false goods, that is, then, possessions, dignity, and power, and glory, and pleasure? Concerning pleasure, Epicurus the philosopher said, when he inquired concerning all those other goods, which we before mentioned ; then said he that pleasure was the highest good, because all the other goods which we before mentioned gratify the mind and delight it, but pleasure alone chiefly gratifies the body only. § IV. But we will still speak concerning the nature oi men, and concerning their pursuits. Though, then, their mind and their nature be now dimmed, and they are by that fall sunk down to evil, and thither inclined, yet they are desirous, so far as they can and may, of the highest good. As a drunken man knows that he should go to his house and to his rest, and yet is not able to find the way thither, so is it also with the mind, when it is weighed down by the anxieties of this world. It is sometimes intoxicated and misled by them, so far that it cannot rightly find out good. 86 BOETHITIS. CHAP. XXIT. fam monnum f hi mht meapjiijen fe Tpt&f- pilniaf Co besi- tanne f hi majian ne puppn tilian. Ac penaf f hi maesen eali'= far S0&^ gegabepian cogEe&epe. fsstce nan bucon f sepe ^e- romnunsa ne pe. nyCon fonne nan [ofep]* gob^ Sonne eaJlpa Sapa beoppypSertena Smja gegabepunga co heopa anpealbe. f he nanep «injep bucon ]>xm ne fmppe. Ac f nip nan man f ce jTime)- eacan ne fuppe buton Eobe amim. Pe hsepf on hip ajenum genoh. ne «eapp he naiaep fmsep buton f sep ]>e he on him pelfum hsepS. f enpc fu nu f fa bypienbe^ penaS f Ce ^ Sing pie selcep peopfpcipep becpc pypife fsec Ce hi' mebemaspCe ongicon magon. nepe nepe. ic pac ^ hic nip no Co poppeonne. Pu maeg f ypel beon f Ge aelcep monnep mgepanc pen]) f Ce gob' pie. 1 ffipJ^ep higaf . -j pilnaf Co begicanne. nepe nip hic na ypel. -p ip f hehpce gob.^ Ppi nip nu anpealb Co cellanne Co pumum ?apa hehpcena goba Sippep anbpeapban hpep. Ppsefep fsec nu pie co cabanne pachc^ unnyc f ce nycpypfopc ip eallpa Sippa populb fmga. f ip anpealb. hp»pep nu gobi'' hlipa ■] pope- msepnep pie" pop nauhc co'cellenne. nepe nepe. Nip hiC nan cyni2 f mon f pop nauhc Celle. popfam pe aelc mon penjj f f becpc pie f he ppipopc lupap. pu ne piCon pe f nan neapepnep. ne nan eappofu. ne nan unpoCnep. ne nan pap. ne nan hepignep. nip nan gepseK. PpseC Suppon^^ pe nu ma ymbe Sa gepselSa ]-ppecan. pu ne paC selc man hpsec pa beop. ;] eac pac f pa'* beoS f hehpce gob.'^ ■] Seah peep pulneah selc mon on ppipe lyclum Smgum Sa pelepcan gepselpa. poppam he penp f he hie ponne ealle haebbe. gip he haepS 'p ^ he Sonne j'pipopc pilnap Co begiCanne. DseC ip ponne f hi ppiSopC pilniap Co begicanne. pela. -j peopppcipe. ~\ pice. ■] pippe populbe piibop. "j gilp. "] populb lupc. Dippep eallep hi pilniap. poppam Se hi penap f hie puph pa pmg pcylon begican f him ne pie^^ nanep pillan pana. napep" ne peopppcipep. ne anpealbep. ne popemaepneppe. ne blipj'e. p»p eallep hi pilniap. ■] pel bop -p hi paep pilniaS. Seah hi mipclice^' hip pilnigen. Be Sam Smgum mon mseg ppeocole on- gican f selc mon Ssep pilnap f he msege f hehpce gob begiCan S»p hihic gecnapan mihcan. oSSe on pihc pecan cuSon. Ac hi hiC ne pecaS on Sone pihcepcan'" peg. hic nip on Sippe populbe ; ■ 1 Bod. meappienbe J^asj-. ' Bod. him agen ealle. ' Cott. Soob. ■• Bod. heopa. Cott. heopa. = Cott. goob. " Bod. byj-egian }>e. ' Bod. % 8 Cott. goob. s Cott. goob. '» Cott. goob. " Bod. yeo. i= Cott. hiC cyn. " Bod. >iip):e. " Cott. hi. " Cott. goob. » Bod. j-eo. " Cott. nauj^ep. '* Cott. mij-hce. '^ Bod. pj'hcovcon. § IT. BOETHITJS. 87 Nor yet does it appear to those men that they at all err, who are desirous to obtain this, that they need labour after nothing more. But they think that they are able to collect together all these goods, so that none may be excluded from the number. They therefore know no other good than the col- lecting of all the most precious things into their power, that they may have need of nothing besides them. But there is no one that has not need of some addition, except Grod alone. [ He has of his own enough, nor has he need of anything bat that which he has in himself. Dost thou think, however, that they foolishly imagine that that thing is best deserving of all estimation, which they may consider most desirable? No, no. I know that it is not to be despised. How can that be evil, which the mind of every man considers to be good, and strives after, and desires to obtain ? No, it is not evil : it is the highest good. Why is not power to be reckoned one of the highest goods of this present life? Is that to be esteemed vain and useless, which is the most useful of all these worldly things, that is, power ? Is good fame and renown to be accounted nothing ? No, no. It is not fit that any one account it nothing; for every man thinks that best which he most loves. Do we not know that no anxiety, or difficulties, or trouble, or pain, or sorrow, is happiness ? "What more, then, need we say about these felicities ? Does not every man know what they are, and also know that they are the highest good ? And yet almost every man seeks in ■ very little things the best felicities ; because he thinks that he may have them all, if he have that which he then chiefly wishes to obtain. This is, then, what they chiefly wish to obtain, wealth, and dignity, and authority, and this world's glory, and ostentation, and worldly lust. Of all this they are desirous, because they think that, through these' things, they may obtain that there be not to them a deficiency of anything wished ; neither of dignity, nor of power, nor of renown, nor of bliss. They wish for' all this, and they do well that they desire it, though they seek it variously. By these things we may clearly perceive that every man is desirous of this, that he may obtain the highest good, if they were able to discover it, or knew how to seek it rightly. Bilt they do not seek it in the most right wav. It is not of this world. 88 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXT. CAPUT XXV.* DS re J7ir&om fa Sif rpell aj-seb hep&e. fa onsan he eft phjan ^ «u)- cpaf. Ic pille nu mib ji&bum jecyfan hu pun- boplice Dpihcen pelc eaEjia jepceajica mib «am bjnblum hip anpealbep. -j mib hpilcepe enbebyjibneppe he gepCafolaf •;] je- mecjatS ealle jepceapca. 3 hu he hi h»pS jeheafopabe -j geh»f ce -mib hip unanbinbenbhcum pacencum. f selc JepceapC bif healbl on locen pif hipe jecynbe. fsepe gecynbe ^e heo to jepceapen psep. bucon monnum. -3 pumum enjlum. Sa peojifap hpilum op hiopa jecynbe. Ppssc peo leo. Seah hio pel cam pe. 3 paepce pacencan hsebbe. ■] hipe majiptep ppiSe lupije. anb eac onb- psabe. jip hic seppe jebypef f heo blobep onbijiigtS. heo popjiC pona hipe nipan Caman. ■] gemontS fsep pilban gepunan hipe elbpana. ongmS f onne pyn ;] hipe pacencan bpecan. ^ abiC aapepc hipe labteop. anb pi^San aaghpKC Bsep ]>e heo jepon masj. Je monna. ge neaca. Spa bo]? eac pubu puglap. Seah hi beon pel acemebe. gip hi on Sam puba peoppaf. hi poppeoS heopa lape- opap ^ puniaj) on heopa gecynbe. feah heopa lapeopap him Sonne bioban fa ilcan meCCap Se hi aep came mib gepenebon. f onne ne peccaf hi fapa mecca. gip hi peep puba benugon. Ac jjincf him pynjTimpe ^ him pe pealb onjipefe. anb hi gehipan ofeppa pugela pcemne. Spa bitS eac fam cpeopum Se him ge- cynbe bif up heah co pCanbanne. feah Su. ceo hpelcne boh op^ bune CO faepe eopfan. ppelce fu began maage. ppa fu hine alsecpc. ppa pppincf he up. ^ ppigaS pij) hip gecynbep. Spa beS eac peo j-unne. feah heo opepmibne basg onpige ■] luCe Co faepe eopfan. epc heo pecf hipe gecynbe. •] pcigf on fa bseglan pegap pif hipe uppyntep. -j ppa hie upop'] upop. otSt5e hio cymf ppa up ppa hipe ypemepc gecynbe biS. Spa bef selc gepceapc. ppigaf pif hip gecynbep. -} gepagen bif gip hic seppe Co cuman maeg. Nip nan gepceapc gepceapen f apa f e ne pilnige f hic f ibep cuman msege f onan f e hiC Kp com. f ip co psepce -j co oppopgneppe. Seo psepc ip mib Eobe. ] f sec ip Eob. Ac aelc gepceapc hpeappaS on hipe pelppe ppa ppa hpeol. ^ Co f am heo ppa hpeappaf f heo ept cume f aep heo aep paep. -j beo f ilce f heo aep paep, tSonecan f e heo ucan behpeppeb pie. f f hio aep paep. "] bo f f heo aep bybe;. ' Boet. lib. iii. metrum 2. — Quantas rerum fleotat habenas, &c. CHAP. XXV. BOKTHIUS. 89 CHAPTEE XXV. When "Wisdom iad made this speech, then began be again to sing, and thus said : I will now with songs declare how wonderfully the Lord governs all creatures with- the bridles of his power, and with what order he establishes and regulates all creatures, and how he has restrained and bound them with his indissoluble chains, so that every creature is kept within bounds with its kind, the kind that it was fashioned to, except men and some angels, who sometimes depart from their kind. Thus the Hon, though she be very tame, and have fast chains, and greatly love, and also fear her master ; if it ever happen that she tastes blood, she immediately forgets her new tamer, and remembers the wild manner of her parents. She then begins roaring, and to break her chains, and bites first her leader, and afterwards whatsoever she may seize, both of men and of cattle. So do also wood-fowls. Though they be well tamed, if they return to the woods, they despise their teachers, and remain with their kind. Though their teachers then offer them the same meals with which they before allured them to "become tame : they then care not for those meals, so that they may enjoy the wood. But it seems to them pleasanter, that the weald resound to them, and they hear the voice of other fowls. So -is it also with trees, whose nature it is to stand up high. Though thou pull any bough down to the earth, such as thou mayest bend ; as soon as thou lettest it go, so soon springs it up, and moves towards its kind. So doth also the sun. Though she after mid-day sink and incline to the earth, again she seeks her kind, and departs by unknown ways to her rising, and so hastens higher and higher, until she comes so far up as her highest nature is. So doth every creature. It tends towards its kind, and is joyfal if it ever may come thereto. There is no creature formed which de- sires not that it may come thither whence it before came, that is, to rest and to tranquillity. The rest is with God, and it is God. But every creature turns on itself like a wheel : and so it thus turns that it may again come where it was before, and be the same that it was before, as often as it is turned round may he what it before was, and may do what it before did. 90 BOEXHIUS. CHAP. XXVI. CAPUT XXVI." § I. DS re fir&om }e Sij- leoj- apingen' h»F&e. Da ongan he eft j-pellian ^ fuj- cp»]J. Gala hpssc je eopflican men. feah je eop j-elfe nu faon neaCum gelice poji eoppe bypSe. hpaee ge Jieah majon hpKt hpejo^ onjitan ppelce eop maeCe be eoppum fpum- j-ceafce. f ip Cob. pone popan ppuman anb pone popan enbe »lcpe gepsslpK %e ongicap «eah %e lime puUice ne jecnapan.* 3 ppa peah pio gecynb eop cihS Co pam anjiCe. ac eop cilip^ pppe manijpealb gebpola op pam anbjice. EepencaS nu hpaspep men mEBjen cuman Co pam popum jepKlpum Siiph pa* anbpeapban Sepselpa. poppam Se pullneah eaEe men cpepap f pe peo' pe ge- paeljopca. pe pe pap eopplican gepelpa ealle* lisepp. hpepep nu micel peoh. oSSe peopppcipe. oStSe eall pep anbpeapba pela. msege senigne mon bon ppa jepselme f he nanep pmjep mapan ne puppe.^ nepe nepe. ic pac ■p ^ hi ne majon. Ppi nip hiC ponne on py ppipe ppeoCol f Sap anbpeapban gob^'' ne pmC na pa popan gob.i" poppam Se hi ne magon pellan f hi gehacap. Ac hceccap f hi gelaepcan ne magon. ponne hi gehacap pam pe hi lupian pillap pa popan gep»lpa. ;] aleogap him peah ma ponne hi him gelsepcan. poppam pe hi heopa nabbap ma ponne hi heopa habban. Eepenc t5u nu be Se pelpum. la Boeciup hpseSep Su aeppe auhc unpoc paepe t5a pa pu gepselgopc psepe." oSSe hpsetSep 8e aeppe semgep piUan pana peepe Sa Su maepCne pelan hsepbepc. oSSe hpsepep Sm populb pa eaU psepe sepcep Smum pillan. Da anbppopobe BoeCiup anb cpseS. Nepe la nepe. Nsep ic nseppe gic nane hpile ppa emnep mobep. paep pe ic gemunan msege. psec ic eaUunga psepe oppopg. f ic ppa oppopg psepe f ic nane gebpe- pebneppe nsepbe. ne me nseppe gic ne hcobe eall 'p ic pippCe.'^ ne me nasppe nsep eallep ppa ic polbe. peah ic hip mipe. Da anb- ppopobe pe {7ipbom ■] cpsep.ppi ilisepe pu ponne genog eapm. ■] genog unhipy.^^ peah pe puhce f S\i pehg psepe. ?onne pu opep cpega. o6Se haepbepc f pu nolbepc. o&Se nsepbepc f pu polbepc. Da anbppapobe Boecrap ■] cpsep. Gall me psep ppa ppa pu psebept. ' " Boet. lib. iii. prosa 3. — Vos qiioqne, terrena, &e. 1 Cott. ajTincsen. ^ Bod. hjjss )>»)• peoji'Shcan men. ' Cott. hpuju. * Cott. oncnapen. = Bod. teoh«. « Cott. Wj- ' Cott. pe. » Cott. eaila. ° Cott. Jiyjife. " Cott. goob. " >a >a Jju Sej-Belgoj-E psepe, deest in MS. Bod. " Cott. pij-,re. '» Cott. unhybig. § I. BOETHIirS. 91 CHAPTEE XXVI. § I. When Wisdom bad sung this lay, then began be again to speak, and thus said : ye earthly men, tbough ye now make yourselves like cattle by your folly, ye nevertheless can in some measure understand, as in a dream, concerning your origin, that is God. Te perceive the true beginning, and the true end of all happiness, tbough ye do not fully know it. And nevertheless nature draws you to that knowledge, but very manifold error draws you from that knowledge. Consider now whether men can arrive at the true goods through these present goods ; since almost all men say that be is happiest who possesses all these earthly goods. Can, then, much money, or dignity, or all this present wealth, make any man so happy that he may need nothing more ? No, no. I know this, that they cannot. Why, is it not then from this very clear, that these present goods are not the true goods, because they cannot give what they promise? But they pretend to do what they are not able to fulfil, when they promise to those who are willing to love them, the true felicities, and teU lies to them more than they perform to them ; for they are de- ficient in more of these felicities than they possess of them. Consider now concerning thyself, Boethius, whether thou wert ever aught uneasy, when thou wert most prosperous ? or whether there were ever to thee a want of anything de- sired, when thon hadst most wealth? or whether thy life were then all according to thy wish ? Then answered Boe- thius, and said : No, O no ! I was never yet at any time of so even mind, as far as I can remember, that I was altogether without care : that I was so without care that I had no trouble : nor did all that I experienced ever yet please me, nor was it ever with me entirely as I wished, though I con- cealed it. Then answered Wisdom, and said: Wast thou not, then, poor enough, and unhappy enough, though it seemed to thee that thou wert rich ; when thou either hadst that which thou wouldest not, or hadst not that which thou wouldest? Then answered Boethius, and said: All was to 92 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXVI. Da cpse]? ]-e f^ij-bom. pu ne hip selc mon senoj eapm fser 6e he naepf. Sonne hit hme lypc habban. DaeC ij pf . cpaf Boecmr. Da cyx]> j-e f ij-&om. dp he fonne eajim biiS. ne he f onne ne biS eabij. jrop ]>y he pilnaS f he habbe f he n»p«. fy he polbe Senoj habban. Da cpseS Boecmj-. Dsec ij- eaU pof f fu rear. Da cpseS j-e J7ij-bom. pu ne haef&ept fu tSonne 6a eapmf e.i ])a J)a fu pelejoj-C psepe. Da anbj-papobe ic anb cpsef. Ic pac f fu )-o]) j-eApt. f ic hi hsepbe. Da cpsef pe fipbom. pu ne fmcf me fonne nu f ealle pa pelan fipep mibbaneapbep ne magon gebon senne mon pehgne. j^a pehgne f he jenog habbe anb no mapan ne puppe.* ^ ppa peah hi hic gehatap selcum f apa fe hi hsepS. Da cpaeS ic. Nip nan Sinj' foppe Jjonne f ]m pegpc ; . § 11.^ Da cpasf pe f ipbom. Ac hpi ne eapc ]ju Sonne hip ge- fapa. pu ne mihc Su gepeon aelce bseg f Sa ptpengpan nimaf fa pelan op* pam unpCpengpum. Ppi bif ellep selce bseg ppelc j-eopung. -J ppelce gephcu. j gemot. ■] bomap. bucon f selc bic SsB]- peaplacep Se him on genumen bij). oSSe epc ofpep giCpaf . Da anbppapobe' ic. "j cpaef. Eenoh pyhte J)u ppypapC. ppa hit ip ppa pu pegpt. Da cpaep he. Fop fipum fingum bef eapp selc mon pulcumep to eacan him pelpum ■p he msege gehealban hip pelan. Da cpaj]) ic. ppa oSpaecS faep. Da cpaef he. £ip he nauht nsepbe pEep pe he onbpebe f he pojileopan Jioppte. fonne ne Soppte he na mapan pultumep f onne hip pelpep. Da cpseji ic. Sof fii pegpt. Da onpac pe p'lpbom paplice. ^ cpaef. Bala 'p me pincj) pifep- peapb pmg selcep monnep gepunan ^ asleep monnep pillan f^ ic nu pecgan piUe. f ip. psetce fonan Se hi teohhiajj f hi pcylan eabigpan peop))an. f hi peoppap Sonan eapmpan ■] eapgpan.'' popSam gip hi lytlep hpast habbaf. fonne befuppon hi f hi oleccan psem septep ppife fe semgpe puhte mape habbaS. ]-am hi fyppon. pam hi ne fuppon. hi piUaf peah. Ppsep i]- Sonne peo gemetgung. oSSe hpa haepj) hi. oSSe hponne cym]? heo. f heo m»5e abpipan pa eoprnfo^ ppam faem pelegum eallunga. ppa he mape hsepf. ppa he ma monna' oleccan pceal. ppsefep fa pelgan nu naep'pe ne hmgpige." ne ne fyppte. ne ne cale." ic pene feah f fu pille nu cpefan f pa pelgan habban mib hpam hi msegen fset eall gebetan. Ac peah fu nu ppa cpefe. hit ne magon pa pelan eallunga gebetan. feah hi pume hpile msegen. " Boet. lib. iii. prosa 3. — Atqui hoc quoque, &c. > Cott. yiimjje. ' Cott. tyjije. ' Cott, )>apa. * Cott. on. = Cott. anbpypfae. = Cott. i>e. ' Bod. eaphjian. 8 Cott. ypmjja. = Bod. mapan. " Cott. hingpe. " Cott. kale. § II. BOETHIirS. 93 me as tbou hast said. Then said Wisdom : Is not every man poor enough in respect of that which he has not, when he is desirous to have it ? That is true, said Boethius. Then said Wisdom : But if he is poor, he is not happy, for he desires that he may have what he has not, because he wishes to have enough. Then said Boethius : That is all true which thou sayest. Then said Wisdom : Hadst thou not, then, poverty when tbou wert richest? Then ajiswered I, and said: I know that thou sayest truth, that I had it. Then said Wisdom : Does it not appear to me, then, that all the riches of this middle-earth are not able to make one man wealthy ? so wealthy that he may have enough, and may not need more ? And nevertheless they promise it to every one who possesses them. Then said I: Nothing is truer than what thou sayest. § II. Then said Wisdom : But why, then, art thou not an assenter to this ? Canst thou not see every day, that the stronger take riches from the weaker ? Wherefore else is every day such sorrow, and such contentions, and assemblies, and judgments; except that every one demands the spoil which is taken from him, or, again, covets that of another? Then answered I, and said : Thou arguest rightly enough ; so it is as thou sayest. Then said he : On these accounts every man has need of help in addition to himself, that he may keep his riches. Then said I : Who denies it ? Then said he : If he had nothing of that which he fears he may be obliged to lose, then he would not have occasion for any more help than himself. Then said I : Thou sayest truly. Then retorted Wisdom sharply, and said : 0, how inconsistent, in every man's custom and every man's will, does that thing appear to me, which I will now mention ; that is, that from whence they persuade^ themselves that they shall become happier, they from thence become poorer and weaker ! Por, if they have any little, then it behoves them to cringe for protection to those who have anything more. Whether they need, or whether they need not, they yet crave. Where, then, is moderation, or who has it, or when will it come, that it may entirely drive away miseries from the wealthy ? The more he has, the more men he must cringe to. Do the rich never hunger, nor thirst, nor become cold ? But I suppose thou wilt say that the rich have wherewith they may remedy all that. But though thou say so, riches cannot altogether 94 BOia:Hiirs. chap, xxtii. pojifam ffr hi j-culon selce baeg eacan^ f mon salce bseg panaf. popfam fe j-eo menmj-ce pse&l. fe naenie gefylleb ne bif . pilnaf sslce bseg hpset; hpeg fifep^ pojiulb pelan. aesfsp S^ P^Slep. Je Kiecep. 26 bjiyncep. ge manegpa finga to eacan fam. fopjjam nip nan mon ppa pelij. f he mapan ne fyjipe. Ac peo Jicpunj ne cann^ gemec. ne nseppe ne btf gehealben on ])»pe mbf eappe. ac pikiaf pimle mapan fonne he fuppe. Ic nac hpi* %e pulcpu- piaf fam hpeopenban pelan. nu hi ne magon eoppe pseble eop ppam abon. Ac je ecaf eoppe epmSe^ mib f am fe hi eop Co cuma]? ; . § IIl.^ Da pe p'lpbom fa fip ppell apaeb haef be. fa onjan he epc gibbian." 3 fupprngenbecpse}). Ppelc ppemu byf fam pelgan Sitpepe f he gegabepije ungepim f ippa pelena -j aelcep gimeynaep genog begite. 3 peah he epigehiplanb mib Supenb pula. ^ J>eah eall fep mibbaneapb pie hip anpealbe mibepfeobeb. ne Isec he hip nanpuhc op fip mibbaneapbe mib him mape ^^onne he bpohce hifaep;. GAPTJT XXVn.^ § I. TJZIP' ^ing mses pe peopfpcipe -j pe anpealb gebon. gip he becymji to fam bypigan. he msej hme gebon peojifne. -j anbpypn eofpmn bypjum. Ac fonecan* fe he f one anpealb pop- l»t;. oSSe pe anpealb hme. fonne nebif he nauf ep fam bypegan ne peopf . ne anbpypne. Ppsefep nupe anpealb hsebbe fone feap f he apcipicige^ nnfeapap. ^ apyptpaLjei" op picpa manna CCobe. •J plancige tSsep cpaepCap on. Ic pac ^eah f pe eopfhca anpealb nssppe ne xx,fp fa cpaepCap. ac lipf anb gabpaf unfeapap. ] Sonne hi gejabpab hsapf ." f onne eopaf f^ he hi ;nallep ne hilS. popf am f apa picpa manna unfeapap mamge men gepeof . pop- f am f 6 hi manije cunnon. anb manige him mib beo^. popf am pe pimle peopaf ymbe f one anpealb. ^ hme eac poppeof . Sonne pe jepeoS f he cymt5 Co Sam pyppepCan. ^ Co f am f e up un- peopf opce biof . pop f am f msum psep gio f pe pipa Eaculup hme gebealg. ^ ppa ungeppsashce popcpaeS Nonium Sone pican. pop- ^ Boet. lib. iiii metrnm 3; — Quamvis fluente dives, -fee. » Boet. Kb. iii. prosa 4.^^Sed dignitates bonorabilem, &c. 1 Cott. yean. « Cott. hpsep hfugu hyprep. ^ Cott. con. ■• Bod. hn. 5 Cott. pffible. « Cott_ sifabigan. ' Cott. Cu. s ;soi. J>anecan. 9 Bod. apcype cige. '» Bod. pypspahge. " ac liptS anb SabpatS un- feapap ^ >onne hi gegabpab htap'S, deest in MS. Bod. 12 Bod. anb >Dnme eopa®. ■ § I. B.OETHIFS. 95 remedy it, though they somewhile may. For it behoves them every day to add, what man every day lessens ; because human want, which is never satisfied, requires each day something of this world's wealth, either of clothing, of meat, of drink, or of many things besides. Therefore no man is so wealthy that he needs not more. But covetousness neither knows limit, nor ever is bounded by necessity; but desires always more than it needs. I know not why ye confide in these perish- able riches, when they are not able to remove your poverty from you, but ye increase your poverty whenever they come to you. § III. "When Wisdom had made this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus singing said : What profit is it to the rich miser, that he gather an infinite quantity of these riches, and obtain abundance of every kind of jewel : and though he till his land with a thousand ploughs ; and though all this middle-earth be subject to his power! He will not take with him from this middle-earth any more of it than he brought hither. GHAPTEE XXVII. § I. Two things may dignity and power do, if it come to the unwise. It may make him honourable and respectable to other unwise persons. But when he quits the power, or the poweiP him, then is he to the unwise neither honourable nor respectable. Has, then, power the custom of extermi- nating vices, and rooting them out from the mind of great men, and planting therein virtues ? I know, however, that earthly power never sows the virtues, but collects and gathers vices ; and when it has gathered them, then it nevertheless shows, and d-oes not conceal them. For the vices of great men many men see : because many know them, and many are with them. Therefore we always lament concerning power, and also despise it, when we see that it cometh to the worst, and to those who are to us most unworthy. It was on these accounts that formerly the wise Oatulus was angry, and so immoderately censured Nonius the rich, be- 96 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXTJI. fam he hine gemetce pctan on jepenebum j-cpifapsene. micel pbo mib Rompapum psej- f f sep nane ofpe on ne petcan.^ bucon ])a peopfepcan. Da poppeah pe EaCuIup hme pop fi he Tpxp. on pictan pceolbe. popfam he hine pipce ppife ungepceab- pipne -j ppipe Tin^emetpaapcne. Da onjan pe EaCulup him ppi- geccan on. pe Laculup psep hepecoja on Rome, ppife jepceabpip man. ne poppape he no fone ofepne ppa ppife. gip he nan pice ne naenne anpealb nsepbe ; ■ § II. y Ppefep ])u nu mKjeonjitanhu micelne unpeopfpcipe pe anpalb^ bpengp]?amtinmebeman. giphehine unbeppej)). pop- fam alee)' monnep ypel bij> Sy openpe. gip he anpealb hsepf. Ac jepeje me nu. ic apcije f e pu BoeCiup. hpi Tpn ppa manijpealb ypel hsepbepc ^ ppa micle unejmeppe on fam pice fa hpile fe tSu hic hsepbepc. o86e pophpi J)U hit epC fmum unpillan^ popleCe. Pu ne paj-C ]>vl f hit naep pop nanum ofpum fmjum. bucon popfam Se Su nolbepc on eaUum Smgum beon jefpaepe Jjsep unpihtpipan cymngep* piUan Deobpicep. popfam pe fu hme on- geaCe on eallum fingum unpeopf ne f aep anpealbep. ppipe pceain- leapne ] ungeppaepne.^ buton selcum gobum^ peape. poppam pe ne magon nauht eape pecgan f pa ypelan pien gobe.' peah hi anpealb habban. Ne pupbe pu peah na abpipen ppom Deobpice. ne he tSe na ne poppape. gip tSe licobe hip bypig ~) hip unpihcpipnep j-pa pel ppa hip bypegum beophngum bybe. Eip pu nu gepape pumne ppipe pipne man. pe hsepbe ppipe goba* opephyba. anb paepe peah ppipe eapm ■] ppipe Ungepaehg. hpsepep «u polbepc cpepan f he paspe unpyppe anpealbep ] peopppcipep. Da anb- ppopebe Boetiup ^ cpsep. Nepe la nepe. gip ic hme ppelcne gemece.' ne cpaepe ic nseppe f he pie unpeoppe anpealbep 3 peopppcipep. Ac asleep me pmcp f he pie pyppe pe on pippe populbe ip. Da cpaep pe fipbom. iElc cp»pt hsepp hip pun- bopgipe. -) pa gipe -j pone^o peopppcipe pe he haepp. he popgipp ppipe hpape aelcum papa" Se hme lupa«. ppa ppa f ipbom ip pe hehpta cpaapt. ^ pe^^ haepp on him peopep oppe cpaepcap. papa ip an paeppcipe. opep mecgung.is ppibbe ip eUen. peoppe pihc y Boet. lib. iii. prosa 4.— Atqui minus eorum patebit, &c. ' Cott. jrop ]>xm liic psej- ))a )-pi>e micel j-ibo mib Kompanum * ).aen nane oSpe an ne j-teton. ^ Bod. ap. ^ q^jj „nj,iUiim. ■■ Bod. hner = Bod. ungepffipne. ' Cott. Soobum. 7 Cott. goobe. s Cott. gooba ' Cott. mecce. '» Bod. >apge tone. " Cott. J>Kme J>e. 12 Qg^t he. " Cott. gemeegung. § II. BOETHirS. 97 cause he observed him to sit in an ornamented chair of state. It was a great custom among the Eomans that no others should sit therein, except the most worthy. Then Catulus despised him, because he should sit therein ; for he knew him to be very unwise, and very intemperate. Then began Ca- tulus to spit upon him. Catulus was a consul in Eome, a very wise man. He would not have despised the other so greatly, if he had not possessed any rule, or any power. § II. Canst thou now understand how great dishonour power brings on the unworthy when he receives it ? for every man's evil is the more public when he has power. But tell me now, I ask thee, Boethius, why thou hadst such manifold evil, and such great uneasiness in authority, whilst thou hadst it ? or why thou, again, didst unwillingly relinquish it ? Dost thou not know that it was for no other reasons hut that thou wouldest not in all things be conformable to the will of the unrighteous king Theodoric ; because thou didst find him in all respects unworthy of power, very shame- less, and unrelenting, without any good conduct ? For we cannot easily say that the wicked are good, though they have power. Tet thou wouldest not have been driven from Theo- doric, nor would he have despised thee, if his folly and his injustice had pleased thee, as well as it did his foolish favour- ites. If thou now shouldest see some very wise man, who had very excellent dispositions, and was, nevertheless, very poor, and very unhappy, wouldest thou say that he were un- worthy of power and dignity ? Then answered Boethius, and said : ISTo, O no ! If I found him such, I would never say that he were unworthy of power and dignity. But methinks that he would be worthy -of aU that is in this world. Then said Wisdom : Every virtue has its proper ex- cellence : and the excellence and the dignity which it has, it imparts immediately to every one who loves it. Thus wisdom is the highest virtue, and it has in it four other virtues ; of which one is prudence, another temperance, the third is for- titude, the fourth justice. Wisdom makes its lovers wise, and 98 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXTII, pirner. 8e t^irbom tebe]) hir lupenbaf pife. T fsepe.i j) Semet- firce. :i SeWlbije. ^'juttpTe. 3 »lcer %obef feapap hf SepyUf «one Se hine lura«4 nemajon bonfafefone anpealb habba^ tarre ponulbe. ne magon hi nBenne cpsefC fopsifan f am f e hi luria« Of hiona pelan. jif hi hme on h«opa ^ecynbe nabbatS Be tarn ir rvm rpeocol f fa pican on «ain pojmlbpelan nabbaf n»nne runbop cpKfC. Ac him bif p pela ucane cumen. ^ he ne mseg ucane nauht: asnep habban. Eefenc nu hpsefep aams mon beo apf unpeopfpa Tpe hinc manige men poppo]). Jip ponne senis mon apy impeopppa bip. ponne bip aelc bypi man pe^ unpeopppa. pe he mape pice haepp selcum pipum men. Be pam ip senoj ppeocol. f pe anpealb ■] pe pela ne mseg hip pealbenb7 jebon no py peopppon.* Ac he hme gebep py unpe- opppan' pe he him cocymp. pp he »p ne bohce. ppa bip eac pe pela -J pe anpealb py pyppa. Jip pe ne beah fe hme ah. sespep hiopa bip Sy p opcuppa gip hi hi jemecap : • ^ § III.^ Ac ic pe maej eape gepeccan be pumepe bipne. f pu miht Senog ppeotole ongicon f pip anbpeapbe lip ip ppife anhc pceabe. 3 on paepe pceabe nan mon^" ne m«X bejican pa popan gepselpa. pu penpc pu nu. jip hpelc ppipe pice mon pypp abpipen op hip eapbe. oppe on hip hlapopbep aepenbe papp. cymp Sonne on eelpeobig pole, psep psephme nan man ne can. ne he nsenne'' mon. ne puppum f je^eobe ne can. penpc Su maege hip^^ pice hine paep on lanbe pyppne gebon. Ac ic paC -f he ne msej. Dip ponne pe peopppcipe pam pelan ^ecynfoe paepe. "] hip agen paepe. Oppe ept pe pela paep pelejan agen paepe. ponne nemihce he hine na^^ poplaetan. psepe pe man on ppelcum lanbe ppelce he paepe pe he ahce. ponne paepe hip pela anb hip peopppcipe mib him. Ac pop)>am pe pe pela ■] pe anpealb hip agene ne beop. pop py hi hme poplaefcaS.^* ■j poppy pe hi nan gecynbelic gob'* on him pelpum nabbap. pop 8y hilopiapppappapceabu. oppe pmec. peah peleapa pena anb pio paebelpe papa bypigena monna tiohhie ^ pe anpealb pe'^ f hehpce gob.^' Ac hit bip eall opep. fonne pa pican bedp opep tpega. oppe on aelpeobe.i^ oWe on hiopa ^ Boet. lib. iii. prosa 4. — Atqme'ut agnoscas veram, &c. ' Bod. peopjie. = Cott. Joober. = Bod. hine. ' Cott. abe. = Bod. jropj-eon. " Cott. byps mon by. ' Bod. anpealb. » Cott. peoptSpan. ' Bod. pyppan. '° Cott. j:opl>sem on psem nan mon. " Bod. ne senne. " Cott. hi)- pela ~s hip. '^ Cott. no. " Bod. popl»tan. i* Cott. goob. " Cott. T pe pela pie. " Cott. soob. " Qai^_ eUenbe. § III. BOETHltFS. 99 prudent, and moderate, and patient, and just, and it fills hijn who loves it with every good quality. This they cannot do who possess the power of this world. They cannot impart any virtue to those who love them, through their wealth, if they have it not in their nature. Hence it is very clear that the rich in worldly wealth have no proper dignity : but the wealth is come to them from without, and they cannot from without have aught of their own. Consider, now, whether any man is the less honourable because many men despise him. But if any man be the less honourable, then is every foolish man the less honourable, the more authority he has, to every wise man. Hence it is sufficiently dear that power and vrealth cannot make its possessor the more honourable. But it makes him the less honourable when it comes to him, if he were not before virtuous. So is also wealth and power the worse, if he be not virtuous who possesses it. Each of them is the more worthless, when they meet with each other. '§ III. But I may easily instruct thee by an example, so that thou mayest clearly enough perceive that this present life is very like a shadow, and ia that shadow no man can attain the true felicities. How thinkest thou, then? If any very great man were driven from his country, or goeth on his lord's errand, and so cometh to a foreign people where no man knows him, nor he any man, nor even knows the language, thinkest thou that Ms greatness can make him honourable in that land ? But I know that it cannot. But if dignity were natural to wealth, and were its own, or again, -wealth were the rich man's own, then could not it forsake him. Let the man who possessed "them be in whatsoever land he might, then would his wealth and his dignity be with him. But because the wealth and the power are nothis own, therefore they forsake him ; and because they have no natural good in themselves, therefore they go away like shadows or smoke. Tet the false opinion, and -the imagmation of foolish men, persuades them that power is the highest good. But it is entirely otherwise. "When the great are either among foreigners, or in their own country among wise men; then h2 100 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXVIII. ajenjxe gecyfife^ mib jepceabpij-um monnum. ]>onne bif ee^peji ge fam pij-an. je fam aelfeobegan hif pela pop nauhc. piSSan hi ongicaj) f hi nsepon pop nanum cpsspte jecopene.^ buCon pop faypejep polcep hepinge. Ac fsep hi senige puhc ajhep oS6e je- cynbehcep gobep an* heopa anpealbe haepbon. fionne haepben hi f mib him. feah he fsec pice popleten. ne poplecon hi no f je- cynbehce gob.^ Ac pimle him polbe f pylgean -j hi pimle peopf e gebon. psepon hi on ppelcum lanbe ppelce hi psspon ; • § IV.» Nu pu mihc ongican f pe pela 3 pe anpealb nsenne mon ne majan on ellenbe peopfne jebon. ic paC feah Jiu pane ])»C hi on heopa ajenpe cyff e ealne peg msejen. Ac feah fu hip pane, ic paC f hi ne majon. PiC psep geo^ geonb eaJle Romana meapce f hepetogan. ;] bomepap. -j fa mafmhypbap. Se f peoh heolbon. pe mon Sam .pepbmonnum on geape pellan pceolbe. anb Sa pipepcan^ pican haepbon maepCne peopfpcipe. Nu Jionne of ep tpega. oS6e papa nan nip. offe hi nanne peopppcipe nabbap. gip hipa aenig ip. Spa hiC bij> be aelcum papa f inga fe agen gob' ■] gecynbehc nabbap on him pelpmn. oppe hpile hiC bip CO caelenne. oppe hpile hiC bip Co hepiganne. Ac hpaec pincp pe ponne on pam pelan ■] on psem anpealbe pynpumep oStSe nytpyppep. nu hi nanep Singep genog nabbap. ne hi nauhc agnep gobep* nabbap. ne nauhc puphpumenbep heopa pealbenbum pellan na magon ; • CAPUT XXVIII." DS pe fipbom pa pip ppell apseb hsepbe. pa ongan he epc gifabigan' ~j pup cpsep. Deah nu pe unpihcpipa cyning Nepon hipe gepcyppce mib eallum pam plicegepcum paebum. -j mib Klcep cynnep gimmum geglengbe. hu ne p»p he peah aelcum piCum lap ] unpeopp. ^ aelcep unpeapep ^ pipenlupCep pull. ppaeC he peah peoppobe hip beoplmgap mib miclum pelum. Ac hpaac paep him py bee. ppelc gepceabpip mon mihce cpepan paec he apy peopppa paepe peah he hine peoppobe : . ° Boet. lib. iii. prosa 4.— Sed hoc apud exteraa nationes, &c. '' Boet. lib. iii. metrum 4.— Quamvis se Tyrio superbus ostro, &c. 1 Cott. cyt$J>e. ' Cott. Secojienne. 3 Cott. goobey on. ' Cott Soob. » Cott. sio. 8 Bod. rercan. 7 Cott. goob. » Cott. Soober. » Cott. siebbian. ° ' CHAl'. XXVIII. BOETHITJS. 101 either to the wise, or to the foreigners, is his wealth for naught, when they learn that they were chosen for no virtue, but through the favour of foolish people. But if they in their power had anything of proper or natural good, then would they have that with them, even if they should lose the power. They would not lose the natural good, but that would always follow them, and always make tliem honourable, let them be in whatsoever land they might. § IV. Now thou mayest understand that wealth and power cannot make any man honourable in a foreign country. I wot, however, thou mayest think that they always can in their own country. But though thou mayest think it, I know that they cannot. It was formerly, through all the territories of the Eomans, that consuls, and judges, and the treasurers, who kept the money, which they were every year to give to the soldiers, and the wisest senators, had the greatest honour. But now, either none of these exists, or they have no honour, if any one of them exists. So it is with respect to every one of those things which have not in them- selves proper and natural good. One while it is to be cen- sured, another while it is to be praised. But what of de- lightful or of useful appears to thee, then, in wealth and in power, when they have enough of nothing, nor have anything of proper good, nor can give anything durable to their pos- sessors ? CHAPTEE XXVIII. When Wisdom had made this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus said : Though the wicked king Nero decked himself with all the most splendid clothes, and adorned him- self with gems of every kind, was he not, nevertheless, to all wise men, loathsome and unworthy, and full of all vice and debauchery P Tet he enriched his favourites with great riches : but what was to them the better ? What wise man could say that he was the more honourable, when he had en- riched him ? 102 BOETHirS. CHAP. XIIX. CAPTTT XXIX.-' § I. B'R ye p'lj-bom fa yny leof ajua^en haep&e.Da onjan he epc njellijani ^ fuf cpaf. Ppaefep fu nupene f fsef cyningej- ge^ feppseben. ■] fe pela. ^ pe ampealb. fe he jip}) hip beoplmgum. mseje asni^ne mon gebon pehjne otSSe peal&enbne. Da anb- ppojiebe ic ] cpssf. pophpi ne magoii hi;- Ppsec ip on tJippe ambpeajiban hpe pjBpumpe ■] becepe Sonne fsep cyninjep polgaf . ■] hip neapepc. ;] pjS15an pela 3 anpealb;- Da anbppopebe pe fipbom anb cpsesb.Sege me nu. hpaefep ]ni se^ie jehjTxbepc f he angum fapa, fe sep up pwpe. eailunga fuphpunobe. oSSe' penpt Su hpsefep hme a&nij fapa ealne pej habban maeje fe hine nu ha&pS. pu ne papc Su ^ ce eaUe bee pnc puUe^ papa bipna ])apa monna f e asp up psepan. anb aelc mon pac fapa Se mi leopoj) ^ manejum cyninje onhpeapp pe anpealb ;] pe pela. - 08 fKc" he epc peapp paabla.lSala ea ip f j7omne poppeopjjpu^ie pela pe nauj»6pnem:ffii5nebmepelpnegehealban. ne hip hlapopb. CO Son 'p he ne Jiuppe* mapan pulcumep. oSSe hi beop begen pophealben. pu ne ip f yeah peo eoppe hehpce gepaelfi papa cynmga anpealb. ■] peah gip pam cyninge senijep pillan pana bip. ponne lyslap ■^'hip anpealb. ■] ecp hip epmpa, pop py bip pmle Sa eoppe gepselpa on pumum' pmgum ungepaelpa.^ Ppset pa cyninjap. peahhi manegpa^ Seoba' pealban.^ ne pealbap hi peah eallpa papa pe hi pealban polbon. Ac beoppoppam ppipe^ eapme on heopa GOobe. poppy hi nabbap pume papa. pe hi habban polbon. poppam ic pac f pe cynmg pe JiCpepe bip. f he haapp mapan^" epmpe ponne anpealb. poppam cpaep geo pum cynmg pe unpihclice peng Co pice. Cala hpsec f biS gepaehg mon Se him ealnepeg ne hangaS nacob ppeopb opep pam heapbe be ]Tnalan ppaebe. ppa ppa me" pimle gic^^ bybe. pu pmcp pe nu hu pe pe pela -j pe anpealb licige. nu hy nseppe ne bip bucan ege. ^ eappopum. -j popgum. ppseC pu papc pset selc cyning polbe beon" bucan Sipum. -} habban Seah anpealb gip he mihce. ' Boet. lib. iii. prosa 5. — An vero regna Eegumque, &c. 1 Cott. rpelhan. ' Cott. jrulla. s Bod. o6))e % " Cott. byjipe. 5 Cott. unrsel)>a. « Cott. msenis jep. ' Cott. )>ioba. » Cott. pealben. 9 Bod. rpa. " Cott. majion. " Bod. nse. 12 Cott. Sic rvmle. 1! Cott. bion. ' ■' § I. BOETHITJS. 103 CHAPTEE XXrX. § I. 'Whek- Wisdom had sung this lay, then began he again to speak, and thus^ said : Dost thou think that the king's familiaxity, and the wealth and the power which he gives to his favourites, can make any man wealthy or powerful? Then answered I, and said.: Why cannot they ? What in this present life is pleasanter and better than the king's ser- vice and his presence, and moreover wealth and. power? Then answered Wisdom, and said : Tell me, now, whether thou hast ever heard, that it always remained to any one who was before us ? or thinkeat thou that any one who now has it, can always- have it? Dost thou, not know that all books are full of examples of the men who were before us, and every one knows concerning those who are now living, that from many a king power and wealth go away, until, he afterwards becomes poor? Alas! is that, then, very excellent wealth, which can preserve neither itseOfnor its lord, so that he may not have need of more help, lest they should both be lost ? But is not this your highest felicity — the power of kings? And yet if to the king there be a want of anything desired;, then that lessenahis power, and augments his misery. There- fore these your felicities are always in some respects infeli- cities! Moreover kings,, though they govern many nations, yet they do not govern all those which, they would govern.;, but are very wrstched in their mind, because they have not some of those things which they would have : for I know that the king who is rapacious has more wretchedjiess than power. Therefore a certain king,, who unjustly came to empire, for- merly said : 0, how happy is the man to whom a naked sword hangs not aJwaya over the head by a small thread, as to me it ever yet has done ! How does it now appear to thee ? How do wealth and power please thee; when they are never with- out fear, and difficulties, and anxieties ? Thou knowest that every king would be without these, and yet have power if he 104 BOETHITS. CHAP. XXIX. Ac ic pac f he ne mse^. Dy ic punbpije. pophpi hi Silpan j^elcef anpeal&e]-. ppefepSenutSmcef j-eman micelne anpealb hsebbe 3 pe yyipe jej-sehj. fe pmle pilnaS tSsep ^e he begicanne maj. oi5Se penj-c «u ^ j-e j-eo^ j-pife Sej-sehj. fe pmle mib micelum^ pepebe papp. oSSe epc pe fe aegfep onbpsec. je ^one Se hine onbpsec. je tSone fe hine na' ne onbpset. ppaefep )>e nu f ince ^ pe mon micelne anpealb hsebbe. tie him pelpum fincf f he naenne naebbe. ppa ppa nu manejum men f incf f he nsenne naebbe buton he hsebbe manijne man Tpe him hepe.* Ppaet piUe pe nu mape^ pppecan be fam cymnse -J be hip pol- jepum. buton* f selc 5epceabpip man maej pican f hi beof pull eapme -j pill unmihcije. pu majan fa cymnjap oppacan otJSe pophelan hiopa' unmihce. fonne hi ne majan* nsenne peopf- pcipe popfbpmjan bucon heopa fejna pulcume ; • ~ § II.* Ppaet piUe pe nu eUep pecjan be Sam^ Sejnum. buton f f fap ofC jebypef f hi peopfa]) bepeapobe aelcpe ape. ge pupfum faep peopep. ppam heopa^° leapan^' cyninje. Ppsec pe piton f pe unpihcpipa cynmj Nepon polbe hacan hip ajenne mKjipCpe. ■] hip popCeppsebep acpellan. J)Kp nama)p»p Seneca, pe paep uSpica. Da he Sa onpunbe f he beab beon pceolbe.^^a beab he ealle'^ hip aehca pif hip peope. fa nolbe pe cynmj fsep onpon. ne him hip peopep geunnan. Sa he ]>g, f onjeac. fa ge- ceap he him fone beaf "p him'^ mon oplete blobep on fam^* eapme. ;] fa bybemon ppa. ppaec pe eac gehepbon "p Papinianup paep Anconinupe Sam Kapepe ealpa hip beoplmga" bepopgopt. ~j eaUep hip polcep maeptme anpealb'^ h»pbe. Ac he hme het ge- binban anb piSSan opplean. Ppsec ealle men piton ■p pe Seneca paep Nepone. -j Papmianup Anconie fa peopf epcan. ■] fa leo- peit;an. ;j mseptne anpealb-'' hsepbon. ge on hiopa hipebe. ge buCon. ^ tJeah buton aelcepe pcylbe pupbon popbone. ppset hi pilnobon begen eaUon maegene'' ■p fa hlapopbap naman ppa hpaet ppa hi haepbon ■] leton hi hbban. ac hi ne mihcon^^ f begitan. popfam f apa cynmga pselhjieopnep paep to f am heapb f heopa^" eafmetto ne mihton nauhc popptanban. ne hupu * Boet lib. iii. prosa 5. — ^Nam quid ego de Eegum familiaribus, &c. " Cott. pe. 2 Cott. micle. ^ Cott. no. ' Bod. hipe. ^ Cott. ma nu. " Cott. buEan. ' Cott. heojaa. ' Cott. mason. ' Cott. )>8em. '° Cott. jrpom hiopa. " Bod. leojran. " Cott. ealla. " Cott. hme. " Cott. Jiasm. " Cott. byjilinga. '^ Cott. mtepcu anpalb. " Cott. anpalb. " eallon mBegene, desunt in MS. Cott. " Cott. mihcen. '" Cott. biopa. § II- BOETHIirs. 105 migTit. But I know that he cannot : therefore I wonder why they glory in such power. Does it seem to thee that the man has great power, and is truly happy, who always desires that which he cannot obtain ? Or thinkest thou that he is really happy who always goes with a great company ? Or again, he who dreads both him that is in dread of him, and him that is not in dread of him ? Does it seem to thee that the man has great power who seems to himself to have none, even as to many a man it seems that he has none, unless he have many a man to serve him ? What shall we now say more concerning the king, and concerning his followers, except that every rational man may know that they are full miser- able and weak ? How can kings deny or conceal their weak- ness, when they are not able to attain any honour without their thanes' assistance ? § II. "What else shall we say concerning thanes, but this, that it often happens that they are bereaved of all honour, and even of life, by their perfidious king ? Thus we know that the wicked king ISTero would hate his own master, and kill his foster-father, whose name was Seneca. He was a philosopher. When, therefore, he found that he must die, he offered all his possessions for his life, but the king would not accept of it, or grant him his life. When he learned this, he chose for himself the death, that they shoiildlet for him blood from the arm ; and they did so. We have also heard that Papinianus was to Antoninus the Csesar, of all his favourites the most beloved, and of all his people had the greatest power. But he gave order to bind, and afterwards to slay him. Tet all men know that Seneca was to Nero, and Pa- pinianus to Antoninus, the most worthy and the most dear ; and they had the greatest power, both in their court and elsewhere, and nevertheless, without any guilt, they were destroyed ! Yet they both desired, most earnestly, that the lords would take whatsoever they had, and let them live, but they could not obtain it : for the cruelty of those kings was so severe, that their submission could naught avail, nor in- deed would their high-mindednesa, howsoeve^hey might do, 106 BOETHIirS. CHAP. XXX. heopa OFejimecta.) bybon fpa hpaepep xpa. hf- bybon. ne bohte him Sa nappiep tSeali hi j-ceolfaon fsec peoph alsecan. poppaa^ pe fe hip aejiSiiba ne ciolaf.Soiinfrbiphip on cib uncilab/ pu Lea}) 8e nu. pe anpealb^ ^ pe pela. nu ,Su jehypeb haapptr fset hrae man* napjiep^ butson'' e^ehabban ne mseg. ne popheCan ne mot feah he pille. of ])& hpset poppCob peomeiusu f apa ppeonba fam beopLnjum^ fapa cynm^a. oSSe hpaes poppcent. heo sanjum men. popjreun^ Sa ppienb cumaf mib •Sam^" pelan. ] epfc mib Jiam pelan gepitatS. buton ppifepeapa. Ac pa ppybb" fe.hme asp pop. fam^^ pelan lupia]). ]m jepicaf epC mib fam pdan. 7 peopfa])' ^onne Co peonbum. baton pa peapan J>e hine aap pop lupum-'^ -j pop tpeopum.lupebon pa hine polbon^eah lupien peah he eapm pKpe. pa him puniap. ppelcip pyppa pol otSSe senium men mape bapu ponne hehsebbe on hipsepeppsebenne.anb on hip nepepte peonb on ppeonbep anhcneppe : • § III.' Da pe p'lpbom pip ppell apditf* hsepbe, pa ongan he ept pinjan ;] pup cp^p. De pe pille pullice anpealb ajan. he pceal tihaa sajiept 'p he hsebbe anpealb hip agenep mobep. 3 ne pe to ungepipAnhce unbeppeob hipiinpeapum. ■];abo op hip COobe un- gepipenhce ymbhogan. poplaete pa peopunja hip eopmpa. Deah he nu picpi^e opep ealkue mibban geapjb. ppom eaptqieapbum oS peptepeapbne. ppom Inbeum. •p ip pe pupeapc. enbe pippep mibbaneapbep. op paec ilanb pe pe hata^ Thyle. paat ip on pam nopppepC ent5e &ppep mibbaneajibep.. psep ne bip na^pep ne on pumepa niht. ne on pmtpa bsej. peah he nu psep e^ep pealbe. nsepp he no pe mapaa anpealb. jip he hip injepancep anpealb naepp. anb ^ip he hine ne papenap pip pa unpeapap pe: pe aep ymbpppaftcon ;■ CAFUT XXS.f § I. DS pe; j7ipbom papappicteapungeiuhaepbe. pa onjan he epc pecjam ppell ■] cp»p. Ip f ungepipenlic pulbop Sippe populbe ] ppipeleap.. he pam^^ psep geoi" pmgenbe pum pceop. ^a he " Boet.^ lib. iiL metrum 5. — Qui se volet esse potentem, &c. f Boet lib. iii. mpsa. 6. — Gloria vero quam fallax ssepe, &c. ' Cott. hi. ' CoTt. j:op))8em. ^ BqiJ ^miob. t Cott. anpalb. = Cott. mon. ^ Cott. naphep ne. ' Cott. bucan. « Cott. bioplmsmn. » Cott. j:op>on. " Cott. taem. " Cott. jrpienb. '» Cott. >aein. "^ Bo^. lumn. " Cott. apeahc. '= Cott. >8sm. '« Cott. gio. § I. BOETHItrs. 107 have availed them either, but, they were obliged to lose- life, l\)r lie who does not take timely care for himself, will at length be destitute. How doth power and wealth now please thee, now thou liast heard that a man neither can have it without fear, nor can part withi it' though he wish? What did the crowd of friends avail the favourites of those kiags, or what avails it to any man ? For friends come with wealth, and again with wealth go away, except very few; But the friends who before, for wealth's sake, love any one, go away afterwards with the wealth, and then turn to enemies. But the few, who before loved him for affection and for fidelity, these would, nevertheless, love him though he were poor. These remain to him. What is a worse plague, or greater hurt to any man, than that he have, in his society and in his presence, an enemy in the likeness of a friend ?• § III. When Wisdom had made this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus said : Whosoever desires fally to pos- sess power, ought to labour first that he may have power over his own mind, and be not indecently subject to his vices ; also let him put away from his mind unbecoming anxieties, and desist from complaints of his misfortunes. Tbough he reign over all the middle-earth, from eastward to westward, from India, which is the south-east end of this middle-earth, to the island which we call Thule, which is at the north-west end of this middle-earth, where there is neither night in summer nor day in winter ; though he rule even all this, he has not the more power, if he has not power over his mind, and if he does not guard himself against the vices which we have before spoken about. CHAPTEE XXX. § I. When Wisdom had sung this song, then began he again to make a speech, and said : Worthless and very false is the glory of this world ! Concerning this a certain poet 108 BOETHITJS. CnAP. XXX. pop]-)-eali pi]- anpeajibe lip. he cpaaf.* Gala pulbop^ f ippe pojiulbe. ea. pophpi* tSe hatan* bypse men mib leappe pcemne pulbop. nu f u nana eapC.^ pojipam* pe ma manna haepp micelne gilp.^ -J micelne* pulbop. -j micelne peopppcipe. pop bypijep polcep penan. ponne he hsebbe pop hip gepyphcum. Ac sepeje' me nu hpsec unjepipenhcpe pie ponne f. oS6e pophpi" hi ne^i magan heopa^^ ma )-ceamigan Sonne pajnian.^' Sonne hi jeheopap f him man on hhp. Deah mon nuhpone gobpa^* mib pihce hepige. ne j-ceal he na Se papop^^ Co unjemethcepaegnianpsep polcep popba. Ac })»p he pceal pagman.is f hi him poS on pecjgap. Deah he nu faep psegnije f hi hip naman bpaeban. ne bip he no fe papop^'^ ppa bpab ppa" he ceohja]?.^' popjiaem hi hme ne magon co- bpssban jeonb eaUe eoppan. feah hi on pumum lanbe maagen. poppam feah he peo^° anum jehepeb. Sonne bip he oppum unhepeb. peah he on Sam lanbe peo msepe. Sonne bip he on oppum unmsepe.^^ poppam ip Saep polcep hlipa selcum men pop nauhc to habbenne. poppsem hic^^ to selcum men^* ne cyn^ be hip gepyphtum. ne hupu nanum ealne peg ne puniap.^* Eepenc nu sepepC be Sam gebypbum. gip hpa psep gilpf.^^ hu ibel ■J hu unnyt pe gilp^^ bip. poppam Se aslc mon pat •f eaUe men op anum psebep comon ^ op anpe mebep. OSSe ept be S»p polcep hlipan ^ be heopa hepinge.^'' ic nat^^ hpset pe Ssep paegmap.^^ Seah Sa nu popemsepe peon.'" Se polcipce men hepigaS. Seah beop^^ pa popemseppan^^ -j pihtlicpan to he- pigenne. pa Se beop' mib cpseptum gepyppobe.^fjpoppam^^ Se nan mon ne bip mib pihte pop oppepgobe. ne pop nij- cpseptum no Sy msppa ne no Sy gehepebpa^^ gip he hine pelp nsepp I • PpsBpep Su nu beo a^^paegeppa pop oppep mannep paegepe. bip men pul lytle py bet peah he gobne paebep haebbe. gip he pelp to nauhte ne maeg. poppam ic laepe f Su psegenige opeppa manna gobep'' -) heopa aspelo to pon ppipe f Su ne tihge Se 1 Cott. J)a cp«'S he. 2 Cott. pulbup. » Cott. jrophpy. * Cott. haten. ^ Cott. nan neapc. « Cott. jopjjsem. ' Cott. gielp. ' Cott. miceL = Cott. rege. i» Cott. fophpy. » Bod. hine. Cott. hi. " Cott. hiopa. >2 Cott. jraegnian. " Cott. Soobpa. " Cott. no J)y hp8e>op. ^^ Cott. f seSman. " Cott. >y hptejjop. " n"'> "is^st in MS. Cott. " Cott. tihha'S. =» Cott. j-ie. ^i Bod. l»)Te. ^z Bod. hi. Cott. he. 22 men, deest in MS. Cott. *< Cott. puna'5. 25 BqiJ. SelpS. 20 Cott. sylp. 27 Bod. hepige. » Bod. pac. 29 Bod. fSBSma'S. =» Cott. pen. 3i Cott. bioS. =2 Bod. rojiemaspan. 33 Cott. bio6. ^' Cott. sepup>obe. " cott. rop^Km. '« Cott. hejiebpa. ^ Cott. soobe]-. § I. EOETHITJS. 109 formerly sung. When he contemned this present life, he said : O glory of this world ! Alas ! why do foolish men call thee with false voice, glory, when thou art none ! For man more frequently has great renown, and great glory, and great honour, through the opinion of foolish people, than he has through his deservings. But tell me now, what is more un- suitable than this : or why men may not rather be ashamed of themselves than rejoice, when they hear that any one belies them ? Though men even rightly praise any one of the good, he ought not the sooner to rejoice immoderately at the people's words. But at this he ought to rejoice, that they speak truth of him. Though he rejoice at this, that they spread his-name, it is not the sooner so extensively spread as he persuades him- self; for they cannot spread it over all the earth, though they may in some land ; for though it be praised in one, yet in another it is not praised. Though he in this land be cele- brated, yet is he in another not celebrated. Therefore is the people's esteem to be held by every man for nothing ; since it comes not to every man according to his deserts, nor in- deed remains always to any one. Consider first concerning birth : if any one boast of it, how vain and how useless is the boast ; for every one knows that all men come from one father and from one mother. Or again, concerning the people's esteem, and concerning their applause. I know not why we rejoice at it. Though they be illustrious whom the vulgar applaud, yet are they more illustrious and more rightly to be applauded who are dignified by virtues. (^For no man is really the greater or the more praiseworthy for the excel- lence of another, or for his virtues, if he himself has it not. Art thou ever the fairer for another man's fairness ? A man is full little the better though he have a good father, if he himself is incapable of anything. Therefore I advise that thou rejoice in other men's good and their nobility, so far only, that thou ascribe it not to thyself as thine own. Be- 110 BOETHItTS. CHAP. XXXI. j-elfum ajnej-. popfam^ t5e selcej- monnej- gob^ ~j hip aefelo biof ma onl5am COobe. Sonne on fam^ jissrce. DkC a;n ic pac feah gober* on fam eefelo. f manigne mon j-ceamaf f he people pyjij^ tSonne hip elbpan psepon. j popfaem higaji ealle^ msegne f he polbe Jjapa becpcenapumer«6aper ^1 hip cpaepCap jepon :■' § II.B Da pe fipbom "Sa Sip ppell apehc* hsepbe. Sa on5an:he pmgan yrabe f ilce <] cpsap. PpaeC eaUe men heepbon gehcne ppuman. popfam hi ealle coman op anum paebep 3 op anpe mefaep. ealle hi beof gic gehee acennebe. mp f nan punbop. popJ)am Se an Eob ip paebep eallpa gepceapca. popf am he hi ealle gepceop •] ealpa pelc. 8e pelf fsepe punnan leohc ^ tSam monan. -j ealle Cungla gepec. pe gepceop men on eop]>an. ge- gabepobe Sa paula ■] Sone lichoman mib hip fam anpealbe. -j ealle menn gepceop emn sejiele on Ssepe ppuman gecynbe. Ppi opepmobige ge Sonne opep o])pe men pop eoppum gebypbum buCon anpeopce. nu ge nanne ne magon metan iin»])elne. ac eaUe pmc emn ssSele. gip ge piUaS pone ppuman pceapc ge- fencan. ;] Sone pcippenb. 3 piffan eopep^ aelcep acennebneppe. Ac fa pyht B&felo biS on f am CDobe. nsej' on fam plsepce. ppa ppa pe Sep paebon. Ac selc mon 8e allunga unbepf eobeb bifS unfeapum. poplsec hip pceppenb. 3 hip ppuman pceapC. ■] hip sefelo. 3 Sonan pypf anaefelab of f h« pypf unaef ele ; • CAPUT XXXI."^ § I. DS pe pipbom SaSipleof^^apungenhsepbe. fa ohganhe ept pecgan Tpell. 3 fupcpsef. Ppset gobep^''^ magan pe pecgdh on fa plaepclican unfeapap. popf am ppa hpa ppa hi poplsefcan pile, he jcealgefolian miccle neapaneppe 3 manige geappofu. popfam peo opeppyll pmle peC unfeapap. j Sa unfeapap habbaf opep- feappe hpeoppunga. -} peohpeoppung ne beof na butan popge 3 buCon neaponeppe. Bala eap hu manega abla. 3 hu micel pap. 3 "hu micele'^ pseccan. ■] hu micle unpotneppe pe h«epf . Se f one ponpillan hsepf on Sippe populbe. 3 hu micele ma penpc Su f hi e Boet. lib. iii. metrum 6. — Omne hominum genus, &c. i" Boet. lib. iii. prosa 7. — Quid autem de corporis voluptatibus, &c. 1 Cott. jop^ffiiu. 2 Cott. soob. 3 Cott. Jjffim. * Cott. goobep. 5 Cott. piopte. ' Bod. eallon. ' Bod. geteon. ^ Cott. apeahE. 9 Bod. et Cott. eoppep. " Cott. licS. " Cott. goobep. " Cott. micla. § I. BOETHITJS. Ill cauae every mau's good, and his nobility, is more in the mind than in the flesh. This only, indeed, I know of good in nobility ; that it shames many a man, if he be worse than his ancestors were ; and therefore he strives with all his power to reach the manners of some one of the best, and his virtues. § II. "When "Wisdom had finished this speech, then began he again to sing about the same, and said : Truly all men had a like beginning, for they all came from one father and from one mother : they are all, moreover, bom alike. That is no wonder, because one God is father of all creatures ; for he made them all, and governs them all. He gives light to the sun, and to the moon, and places all the stars. He has created men on the earth, joined together the soul and t;h'e body by his power, and made all men equally noble in their original nature. "Why do ye "then lift up yourselves above other men, on account of your birth, without cause, since ye can find none unnoble, but all are equally noble, if ye are willing to remember the creation, and the Creator, and more- over the birth of every one of you ? But true nobility is in the mind, not in the flesh, as we have before said. But every man, who is altogether subject to vices, forsakes his Maker, and his first origin, and his nobility, and thence becomes de- graded till he is unnoble. CHAPTEE XXXI. § I. "When Wisdom had sung this lay, then began he again to make a speech, and thus said : What good can we say of the fleshly vices ? Tor whosoever wiU yield to them shall suffer great anguish and many troubles. For intemperance always nourishes vices, and. vices have great need of repeirt- ance, and repentance is not without sorrow and without anguish. Alas ! how many diseases, and how great pain, and how great watching, and how great sadness, has he who pos- sesses wicked lust in this world! And how much more 112 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXXI. ]-cylon habban sepcep fij-j-e populbe eblean heojia jeeapnun^a.^ ]-pa ]-pa pif acenji beapn ^ fpopaji^ micel eapfofu. sepcep fam Se heo sep micelne luj-C fuph teah. j:op ])y ic nat' hpaec fa populb luj'Caj- mypejej-* bpenjaf heopa^ lupjenbum. dp nu hpa^ cpif f ye peo' jepaelij. ]e Se hip populb lupCum* eallum juljeejj. hpi nyle' he cpefan eac f 8a nyCenu peon gepsshge.'" poppam*'^ 6e heopa^^ piUa Co nanum ofpum fmgum nip aSenob. bucon Co gipepneppe ^ Co pp»nneppe. Spipe jepunpum^^ hiC hip f mon pip hsebbe^* ^ beapn. Ac feah manige beapn beo|j je- pcpyn^b^^ Co heopa^' elbpena poppypbe. poppam fe manig pip ppelc-"^' pop hipe beapne sep heo hiC popf bpmjan'^^ msege. ^ pe leopnobon eac f hpilum jebypebe ppif e ungepunehc ■] unje- cynbehc ypel. f 8a beapn gecpeopebon beCpuh him -) piepebon ymbe 8one paebep. je pupjjon.'^ ■^ Pypp V^T- pe geheopbon^" geo jeapa on ealbum ppellum. f pum punu opploje hip psebep. ic nac humeca. bucon pe piCon ^ hiC unmennipchc^^ baib yxj. PpseC aelc mon mseg piCan hu hepig pop5 men beep peo gemen hip beapna. ne Seapp ic Se 8eah f pecgan. poppam Su hiC hseppC apanbab be^^ pe pelpum. Be psepe hsepegan^' gemenne beapna. cpsep mm msegipCep Eupipibep. f hpilum gebypebe Sam heapb- p»legum.^* f him paspe becepe paec he beapn nsepbe Sonne he haapbe ; • § II.' Da pe j7ipbom tSa pip ppeU apehe hsepbe. Sa ongan he epc gibbian.25 -j pup pmgenbe cpeep. ppseC pe ypela piEa un- pihchsemebep gebpepS pulneah aelcep libbenbep monnep CCob. 8pa ppa peo beo pceal lopian. ponne heo hpaeC yppmga pCingp. ppa pceal selce papl poppeopSan aepCep Bam unpihchsemebe. buCon pe mon hpeoppe Co gobe : • ' Boet. lib. iii. metrum 7. — Habet omnis hoc voluptas, &c. > Cott. eapnunga. = Coj^ beajineacen yij JjpopaS. = Bod. par. « Cott. mypgep. = Cott. hiopa. « hpa^ (jeest in MS. Cott. ' Cott. pie. = Bod. luptap. ' Cott. nele. i» Cott. netenu pien gepielesu. " Coft. pof>))Bem. '* Cott. hiopa. '= Cott. pynpum. " Cott. habbe. " Cott. sepcpuneb. i« Cott. hiopa. " Cott. jropppilE. '« Cott. bpenjan. is Cott. pup>um. 2» Cott. hepbon. »' Cott. unmeu- nipchcu. 22 Bod. apinben bi. ^3 Qgjj_ hipeSau. « Cott. heapb- ]-»lSan. *> Bod. jefafaian. § II. BOETHIUS. 113 thinkest thou they shall have after this world, as the re- tribution of their deserts ? even as a woman brings forth a child, and suffers much trouble, after she formerly has ful- filled great lust. Therefore I know not what joy the worldly lusts bring to their lovers. If any one say that he is happy wlio fulfils all his worldly lusts, wherefore will he not also say that the cattle are happy, for their desire is extended to no other things, but to gluttony and to lust. Very pleasant is it that a man have wife and children. But nevertheless many children are begotten for their parents' destruction. Por many a woman dies by reason of her child, before she can bring it forth. And we have also learned that formerly a most unusual and unnatural crime happened, that the children conspired together, and lay in wait for the father. And moreover, what was worse, we have heard, long ago in ancient histories, that a certain son slew his father. I know not in what manner, but we know that it was an inhuman deed. Besides, every one may know, how heavy trouble to a man is the care of his children. I need not, however, say that to thee, for thou hast experienced it of thyself. Con- cerniug the heavy care of children, said my master Euripides, that it sometimes happened to the unhappy, that it would be, better for him that he had not children, than that he had. § II. When "Wisdom had ended this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus singing, said : Alas ! the evU desire of unlawful lust disquiets the mind of almost every living man. As the bee shall perish when she stings anything angrily, so shall every soul perish after unlawful lust, unless the man turn to good. Il4i BOETHirS. CHA?. XXXII. CAPUT XXXII." § I. DS ]•« J7ij-bom Sa Tpiy leof a]-un5eii haef&e. pa onfall he eye j-pelli^ani -j Suf cpaef. Fopfam my nan tpeo f fsej- anb- peapba pela amepf ■] laec^ Sa men Se beojj aCitce co fam )-o])um gerwlfum. ■] he naenne ne mfeg gebpinjan^ paep he him gehes. f !]• sec 6am hehj^an jobe.^ Ac ic tSe maej mib peaum popbmn ^ej-ecgan hu manejpa ypela tSa pelan ymt gepylbe. Ppsst fu Sonne maane mib f sepe jicpunge psep peop. nu ]m hic na hu ellep begican ne mihc. buton fu hit popptele. oS8e ge- peapge. oSSe abepecije. ^ fsep f sep hit «e pexf * ponne pana); hi6 oppum. Du polbepE nu beon* popemaepe on peopfpcipe. ac Jip pu f habban pile, f onne pcedc ])u oleccan ppif e eapmhce anb ppif e eabmoblice Tpam^ fe- ]>e to fam gepulcumian msege. Eip ]m. '6e pilE bon manegpa becepan ■] peopfpan. Sonne pcealc })U' 8e laecan anep pyppan. pu ne ip f Sonne pum bsel epmfa.*" JiEec mon ppa paepehce^ pcyle culpian co Sam^^" fe him gipan pcyle. Anpealbep pu pilnapc. ae15u hme naappe oppopgne ne be- gicpc. pop Belpeobe^m. y^et^^ ma pop Sinum ajenum monnum ■J ma^m.''^ Eilpep pu JipnepC. ac pu hme ne mihc habban oppopjne. poppam Su pcealc habban pimle hpsec hpej'^ pipfffi- peapbep ■] unjecepep.^* Du jrolbeps nu bpucan ungemechcpe ppssnueppe. ac Se piUap Sonne poppeon liobep''^ peopap. poppam pe pini pepige''^^ plaapc hapaf ]jin anpealb. nalsep pu hip. pu mseg mon eapmhcop jebaepon. ponne mon hme unbeppeobe" hip pepejan plaepce. "j neUe hip jepceabpipan paule. ppaepep ge nu peon^* mapan on eoppum hchoman Sonne elpenb. oSSe pcpeng- pan^^ Sonne leo oSSepeapp. oSSe ppipcpan ponne cijpip f beop. ^ Seah pu paspe eallpa monna paagpopc on phce. anb ponne polbepc geopnhce sepcepi J7ipbome ppypigan. oppaec pu pulhce pihc ongeace. Sonne mihcepc^" pu ppeocole onjicon f eaUe Sa '' Boet. lib. iii. pro8a 8. — Nihil igitur dubium est, &o. 1 Cott. ppellian. = Cott. myji'S ^ let. ' Cott. maege bpmsan. ■■ Cott. goobe. s Bod. j,eax. « Cott. bion. ' Cott. J>BBm. » Cott. ypm>a. » Cott. pepelice. " Cott. Jiaem. " Cott. gic. ^' Cott. msegum. 13 Cott. hpugii. " Cott. unget^pep. " Cott. goobe liobep. is Cott. pejiie. " Cott. unbeptiebe. is Cott. pien. i' Bod. pSengjia. ™ Cott. meahcepC. § X. BOETHirS. 115 CHAPTER XXXir. § I. When 'Wisdom Lad suug tMs lay,, then began he again to speak, and thus said : Therefore there is no doubt that this present wealth obstructs and hinders those men who are in- tent upon the true felicities ; and it can bring no one where it promised him, that is, to the highest good. But I can in a. few words declare to thee with howmany evils these riches are filled. What meanest thou, then, by covetousness of money ; when thou no how else canst acquire it, unless thou steal it, or take it byforce, or find it hid : and wheresoever it increases to thee, it decreases to others ? Thou wouldest, then, be illustrious in dignity ? But if thou wilt have this, then must thou very meanly, and very humbly, flatter him who is able to help thee thereto. If thou wilt make thyself greater and more- honourable than many, then must thou suffer thyself to be inferior to one. Is not this, then, some- what of misery, that a man must so anxiously cringe to him who has the power of giving to him ? Of power thou art desirous ? But thou never obtainest it without danger, on account of fiireigners, and stiE more on account of thine own men and kiudred. Of glory thou art desirous:? But thou canst not have it without care: for thou shalt have always something adverse and inconvenient. Thou wouldest, then, enjoy immoderate lust ? But then thou art desirous to despise Grod's servants, inasmuch as thy vile flesh has the mastery of thee^ not thou of it. How can any man conduct himself more wretchedly than when he subjects himself to his vile flesh, and will not. to his rational soul ? If, then, ye were greater in your bodythan the elephant, or stronger than the lion or the bull, or swifter than the tiger, that wild beast ; and if thou wert of all men the fairest in beauty, and then wouldest studiously seek after wisdom, untU thou couldest perfectly understaiid it ; then mightest thou clearly perceive i2 116 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXXII. mEegno 3 fa cpsefCaj-. Se pe sep ymbe rppsecon. ne pnc Co pipmetannei pif tSsepe j-aple cp»j:ca senne. PpseC nu f ipbom ip an anlepe cpserc f^epe Fple- 1 ^eah pe piton ealle f he pie^ becepa ponne eaUe 8a oppe cp»f cap. Se pe sep ymbe pppsecon : • § II.i Behealhap nu «a pibgilneppe. ;] pa psercneppe. ^ «a hpsebf epneppe pippep heopenep. Sonne magan je ongicon f he ip eallep nauhc pip hip pceoppenb Co mecenne ■] pip hip pealbenb. Ac hpi ne l»ce ge eop ponne appeocan. f je ne punbpien 3 ne hepijen f ce unnyCCpe if. f ip fep eopphca pela. ppa ppa pe heopon ip becepa anb heahcpa -j psejeppa Sonne eall hip innung. bucon monnum anum. ppa ip pajp monnep lichoma beCepa ~\ beoppypppa Sonne eaUe hip sehca. Ac hu micele pmcj? pe Sonne peo papl becepe ■] beoppyjippe Sonne pe hchoma. ^Ic jepceapc ip Co apianne be hipe anbepne.^ ■] pymle pio hehpce ppipopc poppsem* ip pe jobcunba anpealb° Co apianne. "j Co pynbpianne. ^ Co peoppianne opep ealle^ oppa jepceapCa. Se plice paep lichoman ip ppipe phonbe.' ■] ppipe cebpe. anb ppipe anlic eoppan blopcmum. Deah nu hpa peo^ ppa psegep. ppa ppa Alcibiabep pe aeSehng psep. gip hpa bip ppa pceapppene^ f he maege hme Suphpeon. ppa ppa Apipcocelep pe uSpica psebe psec beop paepe. f mihce sale puhcpuphpeon. ge cpeopa. ge puppum pcanap. peec beoppe hacaS lox. gip Sonne hpa psepe ppa pceapp- piene f he mihce Sone cnihc Suphpeon'^" Se pe sep ymbe pppss- con. Sonne ne puhce he him no mnon^' ppa paegep ppa he uCan puhce. peah Su nu hpampsegeppince. ne bip hiC no py papop^^ ppa. ac peo ungepceabpipnep heopa eagena hi mypp'^' f hi ne magon ongicon f hi pepceapiapuCan. nsep innan. Ac gepencap nu ppipe geopnhce ~] gepceabpiplice pmeap^* hpelc pBS)' plsepehcan gob-^^ pien. ■] Sa gepaelpa pe ge nu ungemechce pilniap. Sonne magon ge ppeocole ongeocan f psep hchoman psegep 3 hip pcpeon Sa magon beon apeoppeb^" mib ppeopa baga peppe. Fopfam ic pe pecce eall ^ ic pe sep pehce." poppam ic polbe pe openlice gepeccan on Sam enbe Sipep capiCulan. ^ce eaUe pap anbpeapban gob'* ne magon gelaepfcan heopa lupenbum f 1 Boet. lib. iii. prosa 8. — Eespicite ooeli spatium, &c. ' Cott. metanne. 2 Cott. i)-. ' Bod. anb ejne. ' j^mle po hehfte jTnJ>oj-S jropj'sein, desunt in MS. Bod. ' Cott. anpalb. * Cott. ealla. ' Bod. jrlopenbe. ' Cott. j-ie. ^ Cott. j-ceapppene. ^» Cott. ))uph)-ion. " Cott. mnan. " Cott. hpse>op. " Bod. eagan hi ameppa'S. •* Cott. j-raeageaS. 1= Cott. goob. '* Cott. fCpengo mteg bion afyppeb. " Cott. peahEe. '" Cott. goob. § II. BOETHirS. 117 that all the powers and the faculties which we have before spoken about, are not to be compared with any one of the faculties of the soul. Indeed, wisdom is one single faculty of the soul, and yet we all know that it is better than all the other faculties, which we have before spoken about. § II. Behold now the amplitude, and the firmness, and the swift course of this heaven. Then may ye understand that it is absolutely nothing, compared with its creator, and with its ruler. Why then suffer ye it not to warn you, that ye should not admire and praise that which is less perfect, that is, earthly wealth ? Even as the heaven is better, and higher, and fairer than all which it includes, except men alone ; so is man's body better and more precious than all his possessions. But how much thinkest thou, then, the soul better, and more precious than the body ? Every creature is to be honoured in its measure, and always the highest in the greatest degree. Therefore is the heavenly power to be honoured, and to be admired, and to be adored above all other things. The beauty of the body is very fleeting, and very frail, and very like the flowers of the earth. Though any one be as fair as Alcibiades, the noble youth, w-as : if any one be so sharp-sighted, that he can see through him, as Aristotle the' philosopher said that wild beast was, which could see through everything, both trees, and even stones, which wild beast we call lynx ; if, then, any one were so sharp-sighted that he could see through the youth whom we have before spoken about, then would he not appear to him so fair within as he outwardly seemed. Though thou seem fair to any one, it is not the sooner so ; but the imperfection of their eyes hinders them, so that they cannot observe that they behold thee outwardly, not inwardly. But consider now very carefully, and inquire rationally, what these fleshly goods are, and these felicities which ye now im- moderately desire. Then may ye evidently perceive that the fairness of the body, and its strength, may be taken away by three days' fever. I therefore say to thee all that I have be- fore said to thee, because I would clearly prove to thee, in the conclusion of this chapter, that all these present goods cannot perform to their lovers that which they promise them, 118 aOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXIII. hi him gehata]j. f ij- f h«hj-Ce job^ f hi him jehata]). Deah hi nu jejabepigen ealle faj- anbpeapban gob.^ nabba^ hi no Se pafop puUfpemob gob^ on fam. iie hi ne majon jebon heopa luf lenbaj- ypa, pehge f pa ppa hi polbon I • § III.™ Da pe J7ipbom Sa fip ppell apehc hsepbe. pa ongan he epc gibbigen, ] fup pmjenbe cpsep. Gala fa. hu hepij ■] hu ppe- cenbhc f bypij ip Se ^a eapman men gebpelap -j alsec op fam pihtan peje. pe peg ip Hob. ppaefep je nu pecan %6ib on Cpeopnm. ic pat ^eah f je hiC f sap ne pecaf. ne pmbe je hic no. poppam ^e ealle men piCon ^ hiC fsep ne peaxc. 8e ma fe gimmap peaxaf on pmgeapbum. ppsapep ge nil petcan eopep nett on ^a hehptan bune. t5onne ge pipcian pilla}). ic pat Seah f ge hit faep ne pettaf. Ppsefep ge nu eopep hunfoap anb eopep net ut on ^a pae Isebon. Sonne gehuntaan pilla]?. ic pene feah f ge hi Sonne petton up on bumum. "j mnon pubum. Ppsec f If punfaoplic fast geopnpulle men piton f hi pculon pecan be pse papofe. "j be saa opprnn ssgpep ge hpite gimmap. ge peabe. "j aelcep cynnep gimcyn. ^ hi piCon eac on hpelcum paetepum ~j on seghpelcpa ea mufum hi poulun pecan pipcap. ^ ealne Jiipne anbpeapban pelan hi piton hpaep in pecan pculun. "j fone ppife unappotenlice pecaf. Ac hit ip ppif e eapmlic Sing f Sa bypegan men pint aalcep bomep ppa blmbe. f hi nyton hpsep Sa pof an gepselfa pint gehybbe. ne pupfum nane lupC- baepneppe nabbaS hi to pecanne. ac penaf ■^ hi msegon on fippum leenan -) on Sipum beablicum Singum pmban Sa pofan gepselpa. f ip Eob. Ic nat nu hu ic msege heopa bypig eall 'ppa ppeotole apeccan -j ppa ppife getaelan ppa ic polbe. poppam hi pint eapmpan -j bypigpan -j ungepsehgpan Sonne ic hit apecan maege. f elan -j peopppcipep hi pillniaf . -j Sonne hi hine habbai);. Sonne penaS hi ppa ungepitpulle fast hi habban Sa pofan ge- paelpa;- CAPUT XXTTTT.Ti § I. EeNOE ic Seliaebbe nu gepeht* ymbe pa anlicneppa ] ymbe Sa pceabpa faepe popan gepaelpe. Ac gip pu nu ppeotole gecnapan miht Sa anlicneppa psepe popan gepselpe. Sonne pippan "> Boet. lib. iii. metrum 8. — Eheu, quam miseros tramite devio, &c. " Boet. lib. iii. prosa 9.— Hactenus mendacis formam, &c. > Cott. goob. ' Cott. soob. a Cott. Joob. * Cott. gejieahe. § I. BOETHI-CS. 119 that is, the supreme good which they promise them. Though they collect together all these present goods, they have not the sooner perfect good therein ; neither can they make their lovers as wealthy as they wish. § III. When Wisdom had ended this speech, then began ke again to sing, and thus singing, said : Alas ! how grievous and how dangerous the error is which seduceth miserable men and leads them from the right way ! The way is G-od. Do ye seek gold on trees ? I know, however, that ye seek it not there, neither find ye ib ; for all men know that it grows not there, any more than jewels grow in vineyards. Do ye set your net on the highest hill, when ye are minded to fish ? But I know that ye set it not there. Do ye carry out your hounds and your net into the sea, when ye wish to hunt ? I think, however, that ye then place them upon hills and in woods. Truly it is wonderful that diligent men know that they must seek on the sea-shore and on river banks both white jewels- and red, and gems of every kind ; and they know also in what waters, and in what rivers' mouths they must seek fishes, and they know where they must seek all this present wealth, and incessantly seek it. But it is a very miserable thing that foolish men are so destitute of all judg- ment, that they know not where the true felicities are hid, nor indeed have they any desire to seek them ! But they think that in these frail and perishable things they can find the true happiness, that is, God ! I know not how I can their folly all so plainly declare, and so greatly censure as I would, for they are more miserable, and more foolish, and more unhappy than I can explain. Wealth and honour they desire ; and when they have it, then think they, so unwise ! that they have the true happiness ! CHAPTBE XXXIII. § I. EfTorsH: I have now declared to thee concerning the resemblances and concerning the shadows of the true happi- ness. But if thou canst now clearly understand the resem- blances of the true happiness, then afterwards it is necessary 120 BOBTHllTS. CHAP. IXXIII. ij- feapj: f ic fe hi j-elpe gecece.i pa anbpypbe ic ^ cpsef . Nu ic onjice openlice pKtte selcer gobef senog my on t5i]-um pojiulb pelan. ne seltsepe anpealb my on nanum populb pice, ne ye j-ofa peopf j-cipe nip on Sippe populbe. ne fa msepCan mseppa ne pmc on fyppe populb sylpe. ne yeo hehpce blip nip on fam plKpchcum lu)-tum. Da anbppopebe pe fipbom -J cpaef. Ppaepep fu nu puUice ongite pophpi hic ]?onne ppa peo.^ Da anbppapebe ic ■] cpae]). Deah ic hip nu hpsec hpej* ongite. ic polbe tSeah hic pullicop -J openhcop op Se ongican. Da anbppopobe pe f ipbom ■J cpaef. Eenoj ppeocol hit ip f aecte gob^ ip anpealb ^ unco- bsehbhc. Jieah hine bypije men on manig bselan.^ Sonne hi bpehjenbe' pecaj) f hehpce gob on Sa pampan^ gepceapca. Ppaefep fu nu pene f pe nahtep^ mapan ne Suppe. pe 6e maspcne anpealb hsepf fipje populbe Da anbppapebe ic epc -j cpaef. Ne pecge ic no f he nahtep^" mapan ne Suppe. popjiam ic pac f nan mp ppa" pelij f he jimiep eacan ne fuppe. Da anbppopobe pe pipbom anb cpae]). Eenoj pihc f5u ye'^. tSeah hpa anpealb haebbe. gip ofep hsepf mapan. befeapp pe unpcpenjpa ])»p pcpengpan pultumep. Da cpasf ic. eall hit ip ppa Su pegpt. Da cpsej) pe ^ipbom. Deah mon nu anpealb -j jenyht to tpaem Jjingum nemne. 8eah hit ip an. Da cpaej> ic. Spa me Sincf. Da he cpaef. penpt pu nu f ye anpealb ■] f gemht peo^''' to pop- peonne. oSSe ept ppifop to peopfianne Sonne ofpe gob.^' Da cpaep ic. Ne maeg naanne mon ^aep tpeogan f te anpealb ^ ge- mht ip to peopfianne. Da cpsef he. Uton nu. gip Tpe ppa ])ince. geecan^* fone anpealb ■] f gemht. bon fsep peopfpcipe to. ^ gepeccan jjonne fa fpeo to anum. Da anbppopobe ic anb cpsef. , Uton faep popjjam hit ip poJ>. Da cpsef he. ppaefep fe fonne Jiynce unpeopf ~j unmaeplic peo gegabepung Sapa fpeopa finga. Sonne fa fpeo bif to anum gebon. offe hpsefep hit Se ept f mce eaUpa f inga peopf hcopt ^ mseplicopt. gip f u semgne mon cuf ept Sapa fe hsepbe aelcep f mgep^^ anpealb. ■] »lcne peopf- pcipe hsepbe. ppa popf f he na mapan ne foppte. gefenc nu hu peopfhc 3 hu popemseplicSe polbe pe mon fmcan. anb Seah he nu fa fpeo hsepbe. gip he naijie hlipeabig.^^ Sonne psepe him 1 Cott. seEffice. - Cott. goobe)-. ' Cott. pe. * Cott. hpugu. 5 Bod. et Cott. tob. « Cott. cobselan. ' Cott. bpolienbe. « Cott peampan. ' Cott. nauhsej-. "> Cott. nauhtep. " Cott. i>xy. " Cott. pe. " Cott. olSpu Soob. " Cott. ecan. " Cott. hneep. '« Bod, hlij- seabig. § I. BOETHITJS. 121 that I show thee itself. Then answered I, and said: Now I plainly perceive that there is not enough of every good in these worldly riches; nor is perfect power in any worldly authority; nor is true dignity in this world; nor are the greatest honours in this world's glory ; nor is the highest pleasure in the fleshly lusts. Then answered Wisdom, and said : Dost thou fully understand why it is so ? Then answered I, and said : Though I understand it in some mea- sure, I would nevertheless learn it more fully and more dis- tinctly from thee. Then answered Wisdom, and said : It is sufficiently clear that good is single and indivisible, though foolish men divide it into many, when they erring seek the highest good in the worse creatures. But dost thou think that he has need of nothing more, who has Jihe greatest power in this world ? Then answered I again, and said : I do not say that he has need of nothing more, for I know that no one is so wealthy that he needs not some addition. Then answered Wisdom, and said: Thou sayest rightly enough. Though any one have power, if another have more, the weaker needs the aid of the stronger. Then said I : It is all as thou sayest. Then said Wisdom : Though any one call power and abund- ance two things, it is nevertheless one. Then said I : So I think. Then he said : Thinkest thou now that power and abundance is to be despised ? or, again, more to be esteemed than other goods ? Then said I : No man can doubt of this, that power and abundance is to be esteemed. Then said he : Let us now, if it so seem to thee, make an addition to the power and the abundance; let us add dignity thereto, and then account the three as one. Then answered I, and said : Let us do so, for it is true. Then said he : Does the assem- blage of these three things, then, seem to thee worthless and ignoble, when the three are united together? or whether, again, does it seem to thee of all things the most worthy and the most noble ? If thou knewest any man who had power over everything, and had all dignity, even so far that he needed nothing more, consider, now, how honourable and how eminent the man would seem to thee ; and yet, though he had the three, if he were not celebrated, then would there never- 122 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XIXIII. Seah yuaiej- peoji^i-cipej* pana. Da cpaep ic. Ne msaj ic fsej- ofj-acan. Da cpaej) he. pu ne ip f Sonne genoj ppeotol. f pe pculon bon 6a hlipeabigneppe to 8am ppim. ■] bon fa feopep Co anum. Da cp»p ic. DseC ip cyn. Da epsef he. Ppasfep fu nu pene f pe aijhc bhfe pie 8e ealle pap peopep hsepf. pifte beo}> peo bhp. ■] maej bon eaU f ■^ he pile, anb nanep Singep mapan ne bepeapf^ Sonne he haepp. Da cpaef ic. Ne msej ic n»ppe gefencan jip he ppelc paepe. -j f eall haepbe. hponon him senij unpocnep cuman pceolbe. Da cpaef he. Spa feah ip to %e- fencenne. f J>a pp pmg Se pe aep ymbe pppsecon. peah hi tonembe peon^ mib popbum. •p hit ip eall an Smg. Sonne hi ge- gabepobe beof. 'p ip anpealb. ] genyht. ■) pope maspnep. ] peopppcipe. ^ blip ; • § II.° Da pip Smj. Sonne hi eaUe gegabepobe beoS. Sonne, bip f Eob. popfam Sa pip ealle nan menmpc man pullice habban ne maeg Sa hpile Se he on pippe populbe bip. Ac ponne Sa pip fmj. )pa pe aep cpaebon. ealle* gejabojiabe beoj).* Sonne beof hit eaJl an Smj. ] ^ an pmj bif Eob. ~j he bij> anpealb unto- baeleb. peah hi aep on manij tonemneb paepe. Da anbppopobe ic -} cpaep. Dipep ic eom eallej- gepapa. Da cpaef he. Deah nu Dob anpealb peo^ anb untobaeleb. ppa ppa he ip. pe mennipca gebpola hine tobaelp on monig mib heopa unnyttum popbum. .iElc mon tiohhap him ■fi to pelepCum goobe Sset •p he^ ppi])opt lupaf . Sonne lupap pum fast, pum ellep hpaet. "p hip fonne hip gob f he paep ppijopt lupap. Sonne hi Sonne heopa gob on ppa manige' baalap tobaela]?. Sonne metap hi naufep ne gob pelpne. ne f one bael gobep Se hi ppif op lupiaj). Sonne hi hine pelpne bon ealne aetgaebepe. nabba]) Sonne nauf ep ne hine ealne. ne Sone bael Se hi paep op bybon. Fop Si ne pint selc mon ■p he pecf. pop Sy he hit on piht ne peep, ge pecap faep ge pnban ne magan. Sonne ge pecaf eall gob on anum gobe.* Da cpae)) ic. Daet ip pop. Da cpaef he. Donne pe mon paebla hip. ne pillna}) he nanep anpealbep. ac piUa)>' pelan. ^ fHhp Sa paeble. .Ne ppincf he nauht aeptep Sam.^'' hu he popemsepojt peo." ne nan mon eac ne begit faet he asptep ne ppincf.^^ he Sonne yymcp ealle^ " Boet. lib. iii. prosa 9. — Hoc igitur, quod est unum, &c. 1 Cott. >eapj:. ' Cott. pen. a Cott. eall. * Cott. biotS. = Cott. pe. « Cott. Serselej-cum 1 1 he. ' Cott. monise. « Cott. goob on anum goobe. " Cott. he pilnaS. "> Cott. }?xm. " Cott. pe. 12 Cott. pin's. " Cott. pinS eaUa. § II. BOETHTTJS. 123 tlieless be to him a deficiency of some dignity. Then said I : I cannot deny it. Then said he : Is it not, then, sufficiently clear that we shonld r.dd celebrity to the three, and make the four as one ? Then said I : That is proper. Then said he : Dost thou think that he is blithe who has all these four? The fifth is pleasure, and that any one may do whatsoever he will, and need nothing more than he possesses ? Then said I : I can never imagine, if he were such and had all this, whence any trouble should come to him. Then said he : But it must, then, be considered that the five things which we have before spoken about, though they are separately named in words, that it is all one thing when they are collected together, that is, power, and abundance, and glory, and dignity, and pleasure. § II. These five things, when they are all collected together, then, that is G-od. For all the five no human being can fully have while he is in this world. But when these five things, as we before said, are all collected together, then is it all one thing, and that one thing is Grod : and he is single and un- divided, though they before were, in many, separately named. Then answered I, and said: Of all this I approve. Then said he : Though God be single and undivided, as he is, human error divides him into many, by their vain words. Every man proposes to himself for the supreme good that which he chiefly loves. Then one loves this, and one another thing. That, then, is his good, which he chiefly loves. But when they divide their good into so many parts, then find they neither good itself, nor the part of good which they chiefly love. When they add it all together, they then have neither all of it, nor the part which they separated therefrom. For this reason every man finds not what he seeks, because he seeks it not rightly. Te seek where ye cannot find, when ye seek all good in one good. Then said I : That is true. Thensaid he : "When the man is poor, he is not desirous of power, but wishes for wealth, and flies from poverty. He labours not for this, how he may be most illustrious; nor, moreover, does any one obtain that which he laboujs not for. But he labours all his 124 BOETHirS. CHAP. XIXIII. hi]- populb sBfCep f ami pelan. an& poplsec manisne populb luj-C pip fam^ Se he fone pelan begice -j gehealbe. popf am' fe hip hme lypc opep ealle of pe* ^nj. dp he hme tSonne begic. ^onne fyncf him f he naebbe geno^. bucon he hsebbe eac anpealb^ fajp CO. popfam* ]>e him Jimc)) f hene m»ge Sone pelan buton anpealbe'^ jehealban. Ne him eac naeppe jenoj ne jnncf sep he hasbbe eall f hme lyyt. popfam^ Se Sone pelan^ lypc anpealbep.^" 3 Sone anpealbeii lypt peopfpcipep. ■) Jjone peopppcipe lypC msepjja. SiSSan he Jiaep pelan puU bif. fonne fmcf him f he hsebbe aslcne pillan. gip he hsebbe anpealb. ~\ gepel))^^ eaUne Sone pelan sepcep ^am anpealbe. bucon he hine mib Isejpan begiCan msege. ^ poplsec selcne of epne peopfpcipe pif Sam f e he msege Co fam anpealbe cuman. ^ Sonne geCibef''^* opc. f onne he eall pif anpealbe gepealb hsepf -p ^ he hsepbe. f he nsepf naufep ne Sone anpealb. ne eac 'p f asc he pif pealbe. ac pipf Sonne ]-pa eapm f he nsepf pupf on^* fa neob f eappe ane. f ip pipe. "J pseba. pilnap Seah ponne f Sftpe neabf eappe. nsep Ssep an- pealbep. ^e pppsecon sep be Sam pip gepelfum. f ip pela. ^ anpealb. ■] peopf pcipe. ■] popemajpnej-. ;] pilla. Nu hsebbe pe je- pehc^^ be pelan. ■] be anpealbe. anb ■p ilce pe majon peccan be fam fpim fe pe unapehc^* habbaf. f ip peopfpcipe. "j pope- maepnep. ;j piUa. Dap^^ fpeo f inj. ■] Sa Cpa.^* Se pe sep nembon. f eah hpa pene'^' f he on heopa anpa hpylcum msege habban pulle^" jepself a. ne byf hiC no Sy hpafop ppa. Seah hi hip pilnigen. bucon hi fa pip ealle habban. Da anbj-popobe ic -} cpaef . PpseC pculon pe Sonne bon. nu f u cpipc f pe ne majon on Ssepa^' anpa hpilcum f hehpce job-^ habban anb Sa puUan jepselfa. ne pe hupu ne penaf •p upe anpa hpelc Sa pip ealle secjsebepe bejice. Da anbppopebe he •] cpsef . dp hpa pilnaf f he Sa pip ealle hsebbe. Sonne pilnaf he fapa hehpcana jepselfa. Ac he ne msej Sa puUice bejican on f ippe populbe. popfam Seah he ealle Sa pip jepself a begice. Sonne ne bif hic Seah ■p hehpce job.^' ne Sa pelepcan jepselfa. popfam he ne beof ece. Da anbppopobe ic -j cpsef. Nu ic onjice jenoj ppeocole f Sa pelepcan 5e)-selfa ne pinb on Sippe populbe. Da cpsef he. Ne ' Cott. J)Km. ' Cott. J)!em. s Cott. pojijjsem. * Cott. eal o'Spu. 5 anpalb, eac, deest in MS. Cott. « Cott. j:op>aem. ' Cott. an- palbe. » Cott. popjjon. » Cott. peleSan. " Cott. anpalbep. " Cott. anpalbe. " Cott. SeraeliS. '= Cott. jebvpeS. " jupjjiun. " Cott. Sepeaht. « Cott. unpehc. " Cott. Da. " Cott. tu. '» god. ptepe. =" Cott. julla. ■" Bod. J>»pe. « Cott. soob. '^ Cott. goob. § II. BOEimus. 125 life for wealth, and foregoes many a worldly pleasure in order that he may acquire and keep wealth, because he is desirous of that above all other things. But if he obtain it, he then thinks that he has not enougb, unless he have also power be- sides : for he thinks that he cannot keep the wealth without power. Nor, moreover, does there ever seem to him enough, until he has all that he desires. For wealth desires power, and power desires dignity, and dignity desires glory. After he is full of wealth, it then seems to him that he may have every desire if he have power : and he gives all the wealth for power, unless he is able to obtain it for less ; and foregoes every other advantage, in order that he may attain to power. And then it often happens, that when he has given all that he had for power, he has neither the power, nor moreover that which he gave for it, but at length becomes so poor that he has not even mere necessaries, that is, food and clothing. He then is desirous of necessaries, not of power. We before spoke of the five felicities, that is, wealth, and power, and dignity, and renown, and pleasure. Now have we treated of wealth and of power ; and the same we may say of the three which we have not treated of: that is, dignity, and renown, and pleasure. These three things, and the two which we before named, though any man think that in any one soever of them he can possess full happiness, it is not the sooner so, though they hope for it, unless they have all the five. Then answered I, and said : "What ought we then to do ? since thou sayest that we cannot in any one soever of these have the highest good, and full happiness : and we do not at all think that any one soever of us can obtain the five all together. Then answered he, and said : If any one desire that he may have all the five, then desireth he the highest felicities ; but he cannot fully obtain them in this world. For though he should obtain all the five goods, it nevertheless would not be the supreme good, nor the best happiness, because they are not eternal. Then answered I, and said: Now I perceive clearly enough, that the best felicities are not in this world. 126 BOETHirs. CHAP. XXXIII. feapp nan man on fiffe an&peap&an bpe ]T)ypian aeptep ^am j-opum gej-asljium. ne faef penan f he hep maeje job^ jenoj pmban. Ba cpae]) ic. Sof ^u pegpc ; • § III.P Da cpKJj he. Ic pene nu f ic Se habbe jenog sej-»b ymbe )>a leapan jejraelfa. Ac ic polbe nu f Su penbej-c pin mge- panc ppam fairi leapan jej-seljmm. ponne onjicptr Jju fpife pape^ Sa pofan gepselfa Jie ic fe sep gehec f ic Se eopian polbe. Ba cpaep ic. Ee pipjium Sa bypige* men ongiCa)) JiaiKe pJla ge- pselfa pnc. Seah he faep ne pen Jiaep he heopa penaf. Bu me gehete nu lycle sep f pu hi polbepc me gecsecan. Aie fsep me SmcJ? f f> beo jreo pope •] peo pmUppemebe gepa&ljj. 8e msej aelcum hipe polgepa pellan fuphpunigenbne pelan.* ^ ecne an- pealb. -j pmgalne peopf pcipe. -j ece mseppe.^ ■j pulle genyhc. ge puppum •p ic cpefe pie peo pope gepaelp iSe an pippa pipa majg pulhce popgipan. poppam ^e on sftlcum amim hi pmc eaJle. pdppam ic pecge pap popb Se. pop py ic pille ^ pu piCe f pe cpiibe ppipe psepc ip on mmum flOohe. ppa p»pc f hip me nan man gebpeligan^ ne m»g. Da cpaep' he. Gala cnihc. hpaec^ pu eapc gepaehg 'p pu hit ppa ongiten h»ppc. Ac ic polbe ■p piC ppypebon gic septepSaampepepana ip. Da cpaep ic. ppKt; ip f ponne. Da cpaep he. J7enpc pu hpaepep aenig pippa anbpeap- bana gooba pe masge pellan pulte gepselpa.- Da. anbj-papobe ic. ■]; cpaep. NaB ic nan puhc on pyp anbpeapban lipe pe ppelc gipam maege. Da cpaep he. Dap anbpeapban gob^ pmc anlicneppa ^aep ecan gobep.^ naep pull gob.^" poppam hi ne magon pop gob" ■j puU gob'^ popgipan heopa polgepum. Ba cpaep ic. Ic eom genog pel gepapa Saep pe pu paegpc. Da cpaep he. Nu pu Sonne papc hpaec Sa leapan gepaelpa pmc. anb hpaeC pa popan gepselpa pmc. nu IC polbe- 'p pu leopnobepc hu pu mihcej-C becuman Co Saan- popum gepaelpum. Da cpaep ic. Pu ne geheCe pu me gepypn aep f pu hic polfaepc me geCaecan. -j melypce nu f ppipe geopne ge- heopan.-'^' Ba cpaep he. ppsec pculon pe nu bon Co pam^* f pe msegon cumon co Sam popum gepaelpum. pp»pep pe pcylon bibban Sone gobcunban pulcum. SBgpep ge on Iseppan. ge on mapan. ppa ppa upe uppiCa psebe PlaCo. Ba cpaep ic. Ic pene f pe pcylon bibban Sone p a^bep eaUpa pinga. poppam pe Se hine p Boet. lib. iii. prosa 9. — Habes igitur, inquit, et formam, &c. 1 Cott. aep maege goob. ' Cott. hpae>e. ' Cott. bypegan. « J>up- h])umSenbne pelan, desunt in MS. Bod. » Cott. mGeji>a. « Cott. gebpellan. 7 Cott. Jiy. " Cott. goob. = Cott. goobep. " Cott. goob. " Cott. goob. 12 Cott. goob. '» Cott. gehepan. » Cott. J>on. § III. BOETHIUS. 127 Then said he : 'No man needs in this present life to seek after the true felicities, nor think that here he can find sufficient good. Then said I : Thou aayest truly. § III. Then said he : I think that I have said enough to thee about the false goods. But I am desirous that thou shouldest turn thy attention from the false goods ; then wilt thou very soon know the true goods, which I before promised thee that I would show thee. Then said I : Even foolish men know that full goods exist, though they may not be where they suppose them. Thou promisedst me, a little while ago, that thou wouldest teach me them. But of this I am per- suaded, that that is the true and the perfect happiness, which can give to all its followers permanent wealth, and everlasting power, and perpetual dignity, and eternal glory, and fuU abundance. And moreover, I say that is the true happiness which can fiiUy bestow any of these five ; because in every one they all are. I say these words to thee, because I am desirous that thou shouldest know that the doctrine is well fixed in my mind : so fixed, that no man can draw me aside from it. Then said he : O, child, how happy art thou that thou hast so learned it ! But I am desirous that we should still inquire after that which is deficient to thee. Then said I : What is that, then ? Then said he : Dost thou think that any of these present goods can give thee full happiness ? Then answered I, and said : I know nothing in this present life that can give such. Then said he : These present goods are images of the eternal good, not full good, because they cannot give true good nor full good to their followers. Then said I : I am well enough assured of that which thou sayest. Then said he : Now thou knowest what the false goods are, and what the true goods are, I would that thou shouldest learn how thou mayest come to the true goods. Then said I: Didst thou not formerly promise me that thou wouldest teach it me ? and I am now very anxiously desirous to hear it. Then said he : What ought we now to do, in order that we may come to'the true goods ? Shall we implore the divine help as well in less as in greater thinffs, as our philosopher Elato said ? Then said I : I think that we ought to pray to the Father of all things : for he who is unwilling to pray to 128 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXIII. bib&an nyle. Sonne ne jemec he hine. ne pijifon^ pihcne peg pip hif ne apeba]). Da cpae)) he. 8pife pyhc^ Su pejpc. an& onjan fa pnjan anb 'Sup cpasp. § IV.1 Gala Dpyhten. hu micel 3 hu punbephc fu eapf. tSu f e ealle pme jepceapca. jepepenlice "j eac ungepepenlice. pun- beplice gepceope -j jepceabpiphce heopa peltpc. Su f e Ciba ppam mibbaneapbep ppuman op Sone enbe enbebypbhce jej'eccepc. ppa f te hi segpep ge popS papap. ge epccumap. pu pe ealle Sa unptillan gepceapta Co pinum piUan apCyjiapC. ^ Su pelp pimle pcille anb unapenbeblic Suphpunapc. poppampe nan mihcigpa pe mp. ne nan pin gelica. ne pe nan neobtSeapp ne laepbe Co pj'pcanne ^ •p Su pophcepc. ac mib pinum agenum piUan. ] mib pmum agenum anpealbe pu ealle Sing gepophcepc. iSeah. Su heopa nanep ne bepoppce. 8pipe punbephc ip 'p gecynb pmep gobep. poppampe hiC ip eall an. Su 3 Sm gobnep. f gob na ucon cumen Co pe. ac hic ip Sin agen. ac eall f pe gobep habbap on pijje populbe. f up ip ucon cumen. f ip ppom pe. nseppcpu nanne anban co nanum pinge. poppampe nan cpapCigpa ip Sonne pu. ne nan pm gelica. poppam pu ealle gob mib pinep anep gepeahce gepohcepc 3 gepophcepC. Ne bipnobe pe nan man. poppam Se nan aep pe nsep. pajia pe auhc oSSe nauhc pophce. Ac pu ealle ping gepophcepc ppipe gobe ■] ppipe psegepe. 3 pu pelp eapc f hehpce gob ^ f psegepepce. ppa ppa pu pelp gepohcepc. pu gepophcejC pipne mibban geapb. ^ hippelpc ]-pa ppa Su pile. ^ pu pelp baelpc eall gob ppa ppa Su pile. ;j ealle gepceapCa pu ge- pceope him gelice. J eac on pumum pingum ungelice. Seah pu Sa ealle gepceapca ane naman genembe. eaUe pu nembepC Co- gsebepe anbheCe populb. -j peahSone anne noman Su CobselbepC on peopep gepceapca. an peepa ip eoppe. opep paecep. ppibbe lypC. peopppe pyp. selcum papa Su gepeccepc hip agene punbep- pcope. ~j peah selc ip pip oppe genemneb. -^ pibpumhce gebunben mib pinum bebobe. ppa'f heojia nan oppep meapce ne opepeobe. -} pe cyle geppopobe pip Sa hseco. •] f psec pip Sam bpygum. eoppan gecynb -j paecepep ip cealb. pie eopp ip bpy^e -j cealb. ] f paecep paec -j cealb. pie lypc Sonne ip genemneb f hio ip aegpep ge cealb. ge psec. ge peapm. nip hic nan punbep. pop- pampe hio ip gepceapen on pam mible becpux Saepe bpygan -j paape cealban eoppan. -j pam hacanpype. f pyp ip ypemepc opep eaUum pippum populb gepceapcum. j7unboplic ip f pin gepeahc. 1 Boet. lib. iii. metrum 9.— qui perpetu^ mundum, &c. 1 Cott. ):u]i>uin. ■■' Cott. pihee. § IT. BOETHIUS. 129 him, will not find him, nor moreover will he pursue the ri"ht way towards him. Then said he : Very rightly thou saye'st ; and began then to sing, and thus said : § TV. Lord, how great and how wonderful thou art! Thou who all thy creatures visible and also invisible wonder- fully hast created, and rationally governest them ! Thou, who times, from the beginning of the middle-earth to the end, settest in order, so that they both depart and return ! Thou, who all moving creatures according to thy will stirrest, and thou thyself always fixed and unchangeable remainest ! For none is mightier than thou, nor any like thee ! No necessity taught thee to make that which thou hast made, but by thine own will and by thine own power thou madest all things, though thou didst need none of them. Very wonderful is the nature of thy good, for it is all one, thou and thy good- ness. Good is not come to thee from without, but it is thine own. But all that we have of good in this world is come to us from without, that is, from thee! Thou hast no envy to anything, because no one is more skilful than thou, nor any like thee ; for thou, by thy sole counsel, hast designed and wrought all good ! No man set thee an example, for no one was before thee, who anything or nothing might make. But thou hast made all things very good, and very fair, and thou thyself art the highest good and the fairest. As thou thyself didst design, so hast thou made this middle-earth, and dost govern it as thou wilt ; and thou thyself dost distribute all good as thou wilt. And thou hast made all creatures like to each other, and also in some respects unlike. Though thou hast named all these creatures sepctrately with one name, thou hast named them all together, and called them World. Nevertheless, that one name thou hast divided into four elements. One of them is earth ; another, water ; the third, air ; the fourth, fire. To every one of them thou hast set its own separate place, and yet every one is with other classed, and peaceably bound by thy commandment ; so that no one of them should pass over another's boundary, and the cold suffer by the heat, and the wet by the dry. The nature of earth and of water is cold ; the earth is dry and cold, and the water wet and cold. But the air is distinguished, that it is either cold, or wet, or warm. It is no wonder ; because it is created in the midst, between the drv and the cold earth and 130 BOEXHIUS. CHAP. XSXIII. f fu liKfr* s^Sfep %^on. ge fSa jej-eeapta gemKpj-o&e becpux bim. je eac gemensbe. fa bpijan eopfan ;] Sa cealhan un&ep fam cedban psetepe ^ f pseCan. f faet hnepce ^ plopenfce paeCep tobbe flop on f sepe fsepcan eop'San. fopfamf e hic ne mseg on him j-elpim gejranban. Ac j-eo eopfe hit heir -j be jrnnum feaale rpilgf. ] fop fam j-yrpe heo bif jelehs f hio gpepp ^ blepp anb pepcmap bpingf. popf am gip f psetep hi ne gefpaenbe. tSonne bpugobe hio ■] papbe Eobpipen mib fam pmbe ppa ppa bupc otStSe axe. ne nnhce nanpuht libbenfeep Ss&pe eopfan bpucan. ne ]wep •psecepep. ne on nauppum eapbigan pop cile. gip fu hi hpaec ■h^^eguninga pip pyp ne gemenjfeepc. J/unboplice epaepte J>u hit hseppt gepceapen f f pyp ne popbaepn]) f psetep ■] Sa eoppan. nu hit gemengeb ip pi)» aejf ep. ne ept f paetep anb peo eopfe ■eallunsaneabpsepceff pyp. f »p paacepep agnu cy)j ip on eoppan. ~\ eac on lypte. "j ept bupan fam pobope. ac tSaep pypep agen 'psebe ip opep eaUum popnlb gepceaptum gepepenboum. ^ peah hit ip ^emenjeb pip eaUe gepceapta. ■] Seah ne mseg nane ))apa gepceafta eallunga opcuman. pojijiampe hit nsepj) leape t5aep sehnihtigau. pio eop])e Sonne ip hepigpe -j ficcpe fonne oppa gepceapta. j:op)>am hio ip niopop Sonne aenig o]>pu gepceapt buton fam pobope. poppam pe pobop hine haepf aelce bssg utane. •Seah he hipe napep ne genealsece. on selcepe ptope he ip hipe emn neah. ge upan. ge neofon. selc tSapa gepceapta. Jie pe gepypn aap ymbe pppaecon. hsep]) hip agenne eapb on pnnfe- pon. J Seah ip selc ■pip oJ>ep gemeng^. popfamjie nan Sapa ge- pceapta ne.mseg bion buton ojjeppie. Seab hio tmppeotol pe on Ss&pe ofejipe. ppa ppa.nu psecep ■] eoppe pint ppijje eappoj^e to gepeonne oS6e to ongitonne byj^nm monnum on pype. ] ppa ]?eah hi pint fsep pij> gemengbe. ppa ip eac faep pyp on Sam ptanum ■j on pam paatepe. ppijie eappof hape. ac hit ip Seab ^apa. Du gebunbe f pyp mib ppifeimabinfoenblicum pacentum. f hit ne mseg cuman to hip agenum eapfee. f ip to fam msepcan pype Se opep up ip. Jjylaep hit popl»te fa eopfan. ^ eaUe ofpe gepceapta appmbaS pop ungemethcum cyle. gip hit eallunga ppom gepijce. Du jeptafotoept eopfan ppife punboplice 3 p»pthce^ heo ne helt on nane healpe. ne on nanum eopfhc ]>inge ne pEent. ne nanpuht eoppheep hine healt. f hio ne pige. ■] nip hipe Sonne efpe to paUanne op bune Sonne up. Du eac fa fpiepealban papla on geppaapum bmum ptypept. ppa f paepe § IT. BOETHIUS. 131 creatures. Wonderful is thy counsel, wTiicTi thou hast in both respects accomplished : both hast bounded the creatures between themselves, and also hast intermixed them : the dry and the cold earth under the cold and the wet water, that the soft and flowing water may have a floor on the firm earth, be- cause it cannot of itself stand ; but the earth holds it, and in some measure imbibes, and by that moistening it becomes wet, so that it grows, and blossoms, and produces fruits. For if the water moistened it not, then would it hecome dry, and would be driven by the wind like dust or ashes. Ifor could anything living enjoy the earth, or the water, or dwell in either for cold, if thou didst not a little mix them with fire. With wonderful skill thou hast caused it, that the fire burns not the water and the earth, when it is mixed with both : nor, again, the water and the earth entirely extinguish the fire. The water's own region is on the earth, and also in the air, and again above the sky. But the fire's own place is above all visible worldly creatures ; and though it is mixed with all elements, nevertheless it cannot altogether overcome any one of the elements, because it has not leave from the Almighty. The earth, then, is heavier and thicker than other elements, because it is lower than any other creature except the sky : for the sky extends itself every day outwardly, and though it approaches it nowhere, it is in every place equally nigh to it, both above and beneath. Every one of the ele- ments which we formerly spoke about has its own region apart, and yet is every one naiied with other ; because no one of the elements can exist without another, though it be impereeptible in the other. Thus water and earth are very difficult to be seen or to be perceived by ignorant men in fire, and yet they are nevertheless mixed therewith. So is there also fire in stones and in water; very difficult to be seen, but it is nevertheless there. Thou hast bound the fire with very indissoluble chains, that it may not come to its own region, that is, to the greatest fire which is over us ; lest it should forsake the earth, and all other creatures should perish by excessive cold, if it should altogether depart. Thou hast established earth very wonderfully and firmly, so that it does not incline on- any side, nor stand on any earthly thing, nor does anything earthly hold it that it may not sink ; and it is not easier for it to fall downwards than upwards. Thou J 132 BOETHITJS. CHAP. IXXIII. j-aple J)^ laerpe ne by)> on Sam laaj-can f mgpe. Se on eallum fam lichoman. fop tSi ic cpaep f po j-apul paepe fjiiopealfa. popfamfe ufpican pecjaj) ^ hio haebbe tSpio jecynb. an Sapa jecynba ip 'p heo bij) pilnijenbe. ofep f hio bif ippienbe. fpibbe fsec hio bif gepceabpip. cpa 8apa jecynbu habbaf necenu. ppa pame ppa men. ofep tSapa ip pilnung. ofep ip ippunj. ac pe men ana haepf %e- pceabpipneppe. nallep nan otJpu gepceapt. popf i he hsepf opep- fungen ealle 8a eopflican jepceapca mib jefeahce "j mib anb- jice. popfam peo gepceabpipnep pceal pealban sesfep ge Ssepe pilnunga je fsep yppep. popfam hio ip pynbephc cpsepc Ssepe paple. 8pa fu jepceope 8a paule f hio pceolbe ealne pej hpeap- pian on hipe pelppe.-' ppa ppa eallfep pobop hpeppf. otStSe ppa ppa hpeol onhpeppf . pmeagenbe ymb hipe pceoppenb. otSSe ymbe hi pelpe. o8t5e ymbe Sap eopfhcan gepceapca. Sonne hio fonne ymbe hipe pcippenb pmeaf . Sonne biS hio opep hipe pelppe. ac fonne hio ymbe hi pelpe pmeaS. fonne bi]? hio on hipe pelppe. anb unbep hipe pelppe hio bi]> fonne. Sonne heo lupaf fap eopflican fmg. •] Sapa punbpaj). ppsec ])u Dpihten popjeape pam paplum eapb on hioponum. -j him faep gippc peopfhce gipa. aelcepe be hipe geeapnunje. "j gebepc f he pcinaf ppif e beophce. ■] Seah ppijie miptlice biphcu. pume beophcop. pume unbjTihtop. ppa ppa pceoppan. aalc be hip geeapnunga. ppsec fu Dpihcen ge- gsebepapt Sa hioponlicon papla 3 Sa eopplican lichoman. "j hi on Sippe populbe jemengepc. ppa ppa hi ppom Se hibep comon. ppa hi eae Co Se hionan punbiaf. Du pylbept fap eoppan mib mipC- licum cynpenum netena. ;] hi piffan apeope mipclicum paebe tpeopa -) pypca. Fopgip nu Dpihcen upum ODobum f hi moCon Co fe apcijan fuph Sap eappofu fippe populbe. ■] op fippum bi- pegum Co fe cuman. -} openum eajum upep ODobep pe mocen gepeon Sone sefelan sepelm ealpa goba. f eapC Du. Fopgip up Sonne hale eagan upep OOobep. f pe hi fonne mocon apaepcnian on fe. ^ cobpip fOM mipc Se nu hanga]) bepopan upep OOobep eagum. 3 onlihc fa eagan mib Sinum leohce. popfam fu eapc pio biphcu fsep pofan leohcep. ^ fu eapc peo pepce p»pc pof- psepcpa. anb fu gebepc f hi pe gepeof . pu eapC ealpa fmga ppuma ^ enbe. Du bpipc eaUe fing bucon geppince. Du eapc ^Sf^P 56 peg. ge labfeop. geo pio pcop fe pe peg Co ligf. fe eaUe men co punbiaf ; • ' Bod. et Cott. pelpne. § IT. BOETHITJS. 133 there is not less of the soul in the least finger than in all the body. I said that the soul was threefold, because philo- sophers say that she has three natures. One of these natures is, that she has the power of willing ; the second is, that she is subject to anger ; the third, that she is rational. Two of these natures beasts have, the same as men. One of them is will, the other is anger. But man alone has reason, and not any other creature. Therefore he has excelled all earthly creatures by thought and by understanding. For reason should govern both will and anger, because it is the peculiar faculty of. the soul. So hast thou created the soul that she should always turn upon herself, as all this sky turns, or as a wheel turns round, inquiring about her maker, or about herself, or about these earthly creatures. When she inquires about her maker, then is she above herself. But when she inquires about her- self, then is she in herself. And she is beneath herself when she loves these earthly things and admires them. Thou, O Lord, hast given to souls a dwelling in the heavens, and on them thou bestowest worthy gifts, to every one according to its deserving : and causest them to shine very bright, and yet with very varied brightness, some brighter, some less bright, even as the stars, every one according to its desert. Thou, Lord, bringest together the heavenly souls and the earthly bodies, and unitest them in this world. As they from thee came hitlier, so shall they also to thee hence tend. Thou fiUedest this earth with various kinds of animals, and after- wards didst sow it with various seed of trees and plants! Grant now, Lord, to our minds, that they may ascend to thee through these difficulties of this world, and from these occupations come to thee ; and ihat with the open eyes of our mind we may see the noble fountain of all goods. That art thou ! Grant to us, then, sound eyes of our mind, that we may fix them on thee ; and drive away the mist that now hangs before the eyes of our mind, and enlighten the eyes with thy light : for thou art the brightness of the true light, and thou art the quiet rest of the just, and thou wilt cause that they shall see thee. Thou art of all things the beginning and the end. Thou supportest all things without labour. Thou art both the way and the guide, and the place that the way leads to. All men tend to thee ! 134 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XSXXV. CAF¥T X2XIV.' § I. DS )« jTij-Som fa fir leof anb f ij- gebeb arungen hsef&e. fa onjan he epc jTjellian anb fuy cpsef . Ic pene faes hic pe nu sepej-c feapp. f ic pe ^epecce hp»p f liehpce gob ip. nu ic p.e Sep haepbe jepehc^ hpaet ic psep. ot5«e hpylc f mebeme job psp. hpylc f immebeme. ac^ anep f injep ic Se polbe sepepC acpian.* Ppefep ]?u pene f aenig tSmg on f ippe populbe ppa gob pie f hic Se msege popgipan pulle gepself a. «y* ic pe acpige fy ic nolbe f Tine beppice senegu leap anlicnep pop pofa gepael^fa.-pop py nan mon ne msag opfpacan f jTim gob ne pie f hehpce. ppa ppa pum mical sepelm -3 biop. 3 ipnon manige bpocap -j pif an^ op. pop t5y mon opif be pumum gobe f hic ne pie pull gob. popf am him bip hpsep hpegS pana. anb feah ne bip eallep butan. popfam »lc fmg pypf CO nauhce gip hic nauhc gobep on him nsepf . be f y fa mihc ongican f op f am maepCan gobe cumaf 8a laeppan gob. naep op fara laeppan Jisec maepce. ^e^ ma fe peo ea maeg peopfan Co aepelme. ac pe aepelm maeg peopSan Co ea. anb Seah peo ea cymtS epc Co pam aepelme. ppa cymtJ aelc gob op Ijobe. anb epc CO him. anb he ip JiaeC pulle gob. ■] f pullppemebe. f nanep piUan pana ne bif. Nu Su mihc ppeocole ongican^ f ip Eob pelp. ppi ne mihc pu gepencan. gip nan puhc pull naepe. fonne nsepe nan puhc pana. ;] gip nan puhc pana naepe. f onne naepe nan puhc* pull, pop py bip aenig pull ping, pe pum bip pana. ] pop py bip aenig pirig pana. ?Se pum bip puU. aelc ping bip puUopC on hip agenum eapba. ppy ne mihc pu Sonne gepencan gip on aenegum pippa eopphcena goba aenigep piUan ;] aenigep gobep pana ip. tSonne ip pum gob pull aelcep piUan. 'j nip nanep gobep pana. Da anbppopobe ic 3 cpaep. Spipe pihclice 3 ppipe gepceab- piplice pu haeppc me opepcumen 3 gepangen. ■p ic ne maeg no pipcpepan. ne puppum ongean f gepencan. bucon f hiC ip eall ppa ppa Su pegpC ; • § II.' Da cpaep pe J7ipbom. Nu ic polbe f pu pohcepc ge- opnlice oppe f pu ongeace hpaep peo puUe gepaelp pie. pu ne ' Boet, lib. iii. prosa 10. — Quoniam Igitor quae sit imperfecti, &c. ^ Boet. lib. iii. prosa 10. — Quo vero, inquit, habitet, &o. ^ Cott. gepeahc. ' hpjflc 'f imme&eme ac, desunt in MS. Bod. ' Cott. aj-cian. ' Cott. >e. = Qott. jvijja. ^ Cott. hpuju. ' Cott. l>on. * pana ^ gij: nan puht pana nsepe. J>onne nsepe nan pidie, desunt in MS. Bod. § I- II. BoaiTHnra. I35 CHAPTEE XXXIY. § I. "When Wisdom had sung tliis lay and this prayer, then began he again to spealr, and thus said : I think that it is now, in the first place, necessary that I show thee where the highest good is, now I have already shown thee what it was ; or which was the perfect good, and ■which the imperfect. But one thing I would first ask thee : Whether thou thinkest that anything in this world is so good that it can give thee full happiness ? For this reason I ask thee, because I am unwilling that any false resemblance should impose upon us for the true happiness. Eor no man can deny that some good is the highest : as it were a great and deep fountain, and from which many brooks and rivers flow. We therefore say concerning any good, tjiat it is not full good, because there is in it a d^ciency of something ; and yet it is not entirely without good, for everything comes to naught if it has no good in it. Hence thou mayest learn that from the greatest good come the less goods ; not from the less the greatest, any more than the river may become a fountain. But the fountain may become a river, and yet the river comes again to the fountain ! So every good comes from' God, and again to him, and he is the full and perfect good, which is not deficient in any will. Now thou mayest clearly under- stand that this is Grodhimself. Why canst thou not imagine, that if nothing were full, then would nothing be deficient :. and if nothing were deficient, then would nothing be full ? Therefore is anything full,, because some is deficient ; and therefore is anything deficient, because some is full. Every- thing is fullest in its proper station. Why canst thou not then conceive, that if in any of these earthly goods there is a deficiency of any will and of any good, then is some good full of every wUl, and is deficient in no good ? Then answered I, and said : Very rightly and very rationally thou hast over- come and convinced me, so that I cannot contradict, or even imagine anything contrary to it, but that it is all even as thou sayest. § II. Then said Wisdom: Now I would that thou shouldeat consider studiously until thou discover where the full happi- 136 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXLV. paj-6 8u nu f eall moncyn ij- anmo&lice jefajia f Eob ij- ppuma ealpa joba -j pealbenb ealljia jej-ceapca. he ij- f hehj-Ce '^ob} ne nsenne monn nu faaj- ne Cpeo]). foppam fe he nauhc nycon betepe. ne pipfum naiihc emn jobef. popfam up pegf selc je- fcea*pi)-ner ^ ealle men f ilce anbettaf f Eob pie f hehpte job. popfam fe hi csecniap f eall gob on him py.^ popfaem gip hic ppa nsepe. tSonne nsape he ^ f he jehacen ip. ofpe aanig fmg sep psepe. opfe selcseppe. tSonne paepe f aec betepe ^oiine he. Ac poppam fe nan Smj naep Kji fonne he. ne seltappe tSonne he. ne beoppeopfpe ?5onne he. popfam he ip ppuma. •] apelm. -} hpop eallpa joba. jenoj ppeotol hiC ip. faec f puUe Job pap. aepfam J>e f pana. f^ ip Co jelepanne f pe hehpca gob ip* selcep jobep pullapc. fy Isep pe lenj pppecen^ ymbe ^onne pe fyppon.' Se ilea Eob ip. ppa ppa pe aep paebon. f hehpte job. ;] tSa peleptan jepaelpa. nu hit ip openlice cuf. f }>a peleptan je- psftlpa on nanum oppum jepceaptum ne pint, buton on Eobe. Da cpaap ic. Ic eom gepapa ; • . § III.* Da cpsep he. Ic pe healpije f Su gepceabpiplice f ongite f te Eob ip puU aelcpe pullppemebneppe. ^ selcep gobep. ^ selcepe gepaelpe. Da cpsep ic. Ic ne mseg piiUice ongitan. pop hpi Su ept pegpt f ilce f fu sap psebept. Da cpsef he. Foppy ic hit fe pecge ept. py ic nolbe f Su penbept f pe Eob iSe psebep ip ^ ppuma eallpa gepceapta. f him ahponan utane come hip peo heahe gobnep.' fSe he pull ip. Ne ic eac nolbe f pu penbept f te of ep psepe hip gob -j hip gepselp. otJep he pelp. popf am gip Jiu penpt f him ahponan utan comon ^a gob Se he hsepp. Sonne psepe f pmg betepe Se hit him ppam come. Sonne he. gip hit ppa paepe. Ac,^ ip ppipe byplic ■] ppife micel pynn f mon psep penan pceole^ be Eobe. oSSe ept penan f senig Jiing sep him psepe. oSSe betepe Sonne he. opfe him gelic. Ac pe pceolon' bion gefapan^" f pe Eob pie eallpa Singa betpt. Eip pu nu ge- leppt f Eob pie" ppa ppa on monnum bip. oSSep bif pe mon. f hip ]-apl -J lichoma. oSSen bip hip gobnep. fa gegsebpaf Eob 3 ept aatgsebpe gehelt •] gemetgap. gip pu Sonne geleppt f hit ppa pie on Eobe.^^ Sonne pcealt pu nebe geleopon^^ f pum anpealb^* * Boet. lib. iii. prosa 10. — Sed quseso, inquit, &c. 1 Bod. tob. ■■! Cott. pen. =■ Bod. ne pene % * Cott. pe. = 30,5. pppecan. " Cott. ymb J>onne pe ne tvjifen. ' Cott. hi po hea goob- nep. « Cott. pcyle". « Cott. reulon". 'o Bod. getapa. " Cott, Selyppc ■? te an tob pie. " cott. goobe. " Cott. geleopan. » Cott. anpalb. § 111. BOETHIUS. 137 ness is. Dost thou not then know that all mankind is unani- mously consenting that Grod is the origin of all goods, and the ruler of all creatures ? He is the highest good; nor do any men doubt it, for they know nothing better, nor indeed any- thing equally good. Therefore every argument informs us, and all men confess the same, that God is the highest good : for they show that all good is in him. For if it were not so, then he would not be that which he is called. Or if any- thing were more ancient or more excellent, then would that be better than he. But because nothing was more ancient than he, nor more excellent than he, nor more precious than he, therefore is he the origin, and the source, and the roof of all goods. It is sufficiently evident that the perfect good was before the imperfect. This then is to be acknowledged, that the highest good is fullest of every good, that we may not speak longer about it than we need. The same God is, as we before said, the highest good and the best happiness; since it is evidently known that the best felicities are in no other things but in God. Then said I: I am convinced of it. § III. Then said he : I beseech thee that thou wouldest rationally understand this, that God is full of all perfection, and of all good, and of all happiness. Then said I : I cannot fully comprehend why thou again sayest the same thing which thou saidst before. Then said he : For this reason I say it to thee again, because I am unwilling that thou shouldest sup- pose that God, who is the father and origin of all creatures ; that the supreme goodness of him, of which he is full, came -to him from without. Nor moreover am I willing that thou shouldest suppose that his good and his happiness were one thing, and himself another. For if thou thinkest that the good which he has, came to him from without, then would that thing from which it came to him be better than he, if it were so. But it is very foolish, and a very great sin, that any one should thus think of God ; or moreover think that any- thing was before him, orbetterthan he, or like him. But we must be convinced that God is of all things the best. If thou then believest that God is like as it is among men, tliat one thing is the man, that is soul and body, and another is hia goodness, which God joins and afterwards holds together and 138 BOEIHIUS. CHAP. XXXIT. )-ie mapa tSonne hi]-, faec Sonne hij- j-pa gej-omnige ypa, he J>one upne &^. pp»c aelc Jjinj t5e coj-ceaben bi]) fjiom opjium. bif ofep. ojep '^ fmg. ^eah hi aecgse&epe j-ien. Eip fonne hpelc finj copceaben hip ppom Sam' hehj-can jobe.^ Sonne ne bi]> 'p no f hehfte gob.* f ij- Seah micel j-yn Co sepencerine be liobe. f senig gob pe bucon on him. oSSe senig ppom him absekb. popjiamfe nan puhc ni]- beCepe Sonne he. ne emn 50b him. Ppilc fing mseg beon becepe ponne hip jceoppenb. Popipam ic pecge mib pihcpe gepceabpipneppe. ^ ^ pie "p hehpce gob on hip agenpe gecynbe. f ce ppuma ip eaJlpa ]?inga. Da cpsep ic. Nu pu hseppC me ppipe pihce opeppeahce.* Da cp»p he. Ppsec ic ponne sep paabe f f hehpte gob ■] pio hehpce gepaslp an psape.. Dacpaepic. SpahiCip. DacpKphe. ppsec pille pe Sonne pecgan hpsec f pe ellep bucan Irob. Da cpsep ic. Ne maag ic paep oppacan. poppampe ic hip psep aap gepapa ; • § IF." Da cpsep he. ppaepep Su hic appeocolop ongicon maage. gip ic Se pume bipne gec^ pecge. Dip nu cpa gob psspon." Se ne mihcon sec pomne bion. -] psspon peah bucu gobe.' hu ne paspe hic Sonne genoh ppeocol. f hiopa^ nsepe naupep^opep, pop py ne mseg pseC piille gob bion no icobseleb. hu mseg hic beon segpep ge puU. ge pana. poppam pe cpepap •p pio pulle ge- paslp ^ gob. f hi pien an gob 3 ^ pe f hehpce. Sa ne magon nasppe peoppan cob^lefee. pu ne pceolon' pe pornie nebe bion gepapan f pio hehpce gepeelp ■] pio heahe gobcunbnep an pie. Da cpsftp ic. Nip nan pmg poppe ponne psec. ne magon pe nanpuhc finban becepe^" ponne liob. Da cpaep he. Ac ic polbe gee mife pumpe bipne pe behpeppan ucan f pu ne mihcpc nsenne peg pnban opepu ppa ppa uppicena gepuna ij-. f hi pillap pimle hpas: hpegu nipep ■] pelbcupep eopian; f hi msegen mib Sy apeccan f CDob papa gehepenbpa ; • § V.^ pu ne hsepbon pe ^p gepehc^^ f Sa gepaalpa anb pio g4Sbcunbnep an paepe. pe pe Sonne pa gej-selpa hsepp. Sonne hsepp he segjep pe pe Sone segpep haepp. pu ne bip pe Sonne puU eabig. pu ne papC pu nu hpaec^^ pe cpepa]) f pe bio pip pe pipbom haspp.^ pihcpip Se pihcpipneppe haepp. ppa pe cpepap eac ■ Boet. lib. iii. prosa 10. — Eespioe, inquit, an liino quoque, &c. ^Boet. lib. iii. prosa 10. — K'am quoniam beatitudinis, &c. ' Cott. J)8em. ' Gbtt. goobe. ^ Cott. goo^, * Boij. ojreppehEne. 5 Bod. geoKma. ^ Cott. Su goob pasjien. ' Cott. buSo goobe. ^ 'p hiojia, desunt in MS. Bod. ' Cott. j-culon. i" Cott. mebempe. " Cott. gepeaht. " Cott. % § IT. T. BOETHIUS. 139 regulates ; if than believest that it is so with Godj then must ■thou of necessity believe that some power is greater tiianhis, which may joimi together what belongs to him, .as he does what appertains to us. Besides, whatsoever is distinetfrom another thing is one, cmd the thing another, thoupi they be together. If therefore anything is distinct from the highest good, then that is not the highest good. It isj however, great sin to imagine concerning G-od that any good, can be ejeternal to him, or any separated from him ^ because nothing is better than he, or equally good with him. "What thing can be, better than its creator ? Therefore I saiy with right reason, that that is the highest good in its own nature, which is the origin of all things. Then said I : Now thou bast very rightly in- structed me. Then said he : But then I before-, said, that th« highest good and the highest happiness were one. Then said I : So it is.. Then said he : What shall we then say ? What else is that but G-od ? Then said I : I cannot deny this, for I was before convinced of it. § IV. Then said he : Perhaps thou mayest more clearly apprehend it, if I still give- thee some instance. If therefore two goods existed, which might not be together, and were nevertheless both good, would it not be then sufficiently evident that neither of them was the other ? Therefore the full good cannot be divided. How can it be both full and deficient ? Hence we say that the full happiness and good, are one good, and that is the highest. They can never be separated. Must we not then necessarily be convinced that the highest happiness and the supreme divinity are one ? Then said I : ^Nothing is more true than that. We are not able to discover anything better than God, Then said he : But I would still prepare thee by some example, so that thou mayest not find any way of escaping ; as the manner of philo- sophers is, that they always wish to declare something new and strange, that they may thereby awaken the mind of the hearers. § Y. Have we not already proved that happiness and the divinity were one ? He then who has happiness, has both in having either. Is he not', then, full happy ? Knowest thou not, moreover, what we say, that any one is wise who has wisdom ; and righteous, who has righteousness ? So we also say that 140 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XXXIT. f f pe Eob. \)e pa jobnej-j-e hseff ^ 8a gej-alpa. 3 selc serseliS mon bijj Eob. •} feah ij- an Eob.' pe ij* j-temn -j j-Cat5ol ealpa joba. ] Of Saem cumaf eall 50b. ■] ejrc hi punbiap to him. -j he pelc eallpa. feah he nu j-ie ]-e pjiuma ;] j-e j-cafol eallpa joba fe Of him cumajj." fpa' fpa ealle j-ceoppan peopfaf onlihte •] je- biphce Of S»pe j-unnan. pume feah beophcop. j'ume un- beophcop. ppa eac pe mona. ppa miclum he hhc ppa pio punne hine jepcinf. eah ip tob. ' Cott. Joobpa anb ealpa gooba Jieah ip menis 500b {>e op him Gym's. ' Cott. aSselpeb. * Cott. gerceabpiplic. * Bod. fin. " Bod. i>e. ' Cott. o'Spu. » Bod. popmsepnep. » Bod. man hunb Irnia bio's. " Bod. hpyle. " Cott. >aem tp»m. " Cott. Sapshcu gelichomhcu. " Cott. eac J>Bem. " Cott. sepop. § VI. BOETHIUS. 141 that is G-od which has goodness and happiness : and every happy man is a God. And yet there is one G-od who is the stem and foundation of all goods, and from whom cometh all good, and again they tend to him, and he governs all. He is, moreover, the origin and the foundation of all goods which proceed from him. Thus all the stars are lighted and made bright by the sun : some, however, more brightly, some less brightly. So also the moon gives light in such measure as the sun shines upon him. When she shines upon him all over, then is he all bright. "When I heard this speech, I was astonished and greatly afraid, and said : This, indeed, is a wonderful and delightful and rational argument which tliou now usest. Then said he: Nothing is more delightful or more certain than the thing which this argument is about, and which we wiU now speak of, for methinks it good that we mix it with the preceding. Then said I : Oh ! what is that? § VI. Then said he : Thou knowest that I before said to thee that the true happiness was good ; and that from the true happiness come all the other goods, which we have before spoken about, and again return to it. Thus, from the sea the water enters into the earth, and then becomes fresh. It then comes up at the fountain, then runs to the brook, then to the river, then along the river tiU it returns to the sea. But I would now ask thee how thou hast understood this discourse. Whetherthou thinkest that the five goods, which we have often before mentioned, that is, power, and dignity, and renown, and abundance, and pleasure ; I would know whether thou thoughtest that these goods were members of the true happi- ness, as there are many members in one man, and yet all belong to one body ; or whether thou though test that any one of the five goods constituted the true happiness, and then the four other goods were its good, as soul and body consti- tute one man, and the one man has many members, and nevertheless to these two, that is, to the soul and to the body, belong all these goods of the man, both ghostly and bodily. This then is the good of the body, that a man be fair, and strong, and tall, and broad, and many other goods in addition to these ; and yet it is not the body itself, because if that loses any of these goods, it is nevertheless what it was be- fore. Then the good of the soul is prudence, and temperance, and patience, and justice, and wisdom, and many like virtues ; 142 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXIV. ^ifbom. anb manege j-pelce cpsejSaf. "j ]T>a Seah bi}) o^eji jio j-apl. ofep bijj hipe cpsepja)-. Da qjsef ic. Ic pol&e f Su me j-K&ejt gee ppeocolop ymhe tSa ofjie ^ofa^ fe Co tSaepe j-ofan ge- j-selj® bekmpa]). Da cpaaj> he. Ne j-sebe ic Jje »p f po jej-aelj) gob paepe : • Eyfe. cpsej) ic. fu" ■p psebepc ^ hio f hehpte goob paepe. Da cpaeS he. Gape Su nu get gefapa'p ce aiipe^b. ■] peopfj^ipe. -J popemsepnep. ■) ^enyhc. 3 bbp. ^ peo eabignep. 3 f hehpce gob. f t5a pien ealle' an. 3 ■p an Sonne pie gob. Da cpaep ic. :pu pille ic nu Jiaep ojipacan. Da cpaef he. ppsejjep Sine]? Tpe Sonne ■f }ja Sing pien. fe Jjapa pojjena gepaeljja hmu. Se pio gepself pelp. Da cpaep le. Ic pac nu hpsec fu polfeepc pitan. ac me lypte bet f fu me paebept pume hpile ymbe 'p. Sonne Su me acpobejt;. Dacpa&fhe. punemihtSugefencan. jip Sa gob paepoB faepe pofan gepaelfe hmu. Sonne paepon hi hpaet hpegu* tobaeleb. ppa ppa monnep hchoman hnlu bif hpaet hpegu^ to- baeleb. ac faepa Lma geeynb ip f hie gepypcaf aenne hchoman. ■J Seah ne hip eallunga gehce. Da cpsef ic. Ne SeappJ) fu mape^ ppmean ymbe f. genog p^eotole Su hseppt me gepaeb. f fa gob ne pint nan pulit tobaaleb ppomSaape pofan gepaalfe. Da cpaef he. Eenog pihte Su hit ongitpt. nu fu ong'itpt f fa gob ealle pint f lice f gepaalf ip. -j pio gepself ip f hehpte gob. •) f hehpbe gob ip Iiob. "} pe Eob ip pimle on anum untobaeleb. Da cpaef le. Nip faep'' nan tpeo. Ac ic polbe nu f Su me psebept hpaet hpegi/ uncupep : • § VII.* ©a cpaef he. Daet ip nu ppeotol. f te eall fa gob. Se pe asp ymbe pppascon. behmpaf to Sam hehptan gobe. ^ fy men peeaf gob genog. Se hepenaf f f pie f hehpte gob. fy* hi pecap anpealb. "j eac ofpu gob. Se pe aep ymbe pppaecon. Sy hi penaf f hit pie f hehpte gob. be fy Su miht pitan f f hehpte gob ip hpop eallpa fapa ofpa goba fe men pilmaf. 'j hi lypt. poppam Se nanne mon ne lypt nanep Smgep buton goobep. oSSe hpsep hpegu" Saep fe goobe gebc bif. mamgep f mgep hi pilmaf Se puU gob ne bif. ac hit hsepp Seah hpaet hpegu^^ ge- licep goobe. poppam pe cpefaf f f hehpte gob pie Se^^'hehpta hpop eallpa goba. 3 peo hiop Se eall gob on hpeappaf. ^ eac f fmg Se mon eall gob pope bef. pop fam Smge men lypt aelcep ^ Boet. lib. iii. prosa 10. — Hujus rei discretionem sic accipe, &c. • Cott. oUjiu Soob. 2 Cott. ge J>u. = Bod. eall. * Cott. huju. = Cott. hugn. « Cott. ma. ' Bod. % » Cott. hpusu. » Bod. % '° Cott. hpusu. " Cott. hpugu. « Cott. ye. § Til. BOETHITIS. 143 and nevertheless the soul is one iMnff, and its virtues are anotber. Then said I : I wish that thou wouldest speak to me more plainly about the other goods which appertain to the true happiness. Then said he : Did I not say to thee before that the happiness was good ? Tffes, said I, thou saidst that it was the supreme good. Then said he : Art thou now convinced that power, and dignity, and renown, and abund- ance, and pleasure, and happiness, and the supreme good, that these are all one, and that one is good ? Then said I : How shall I deny this ? Then said he : Which dost thou then consider these things to be ; members of the true feli- cities, or the felicity itself? Then said I: I now perceive what thou wouldest know. But I rather wish that thou wouldest inform me somewhile concerning it, than that thou sbouldest inquire of nie. Then said he: Canst thou not imagine that if the goods were members of the true happi- ness, they would then be in some degree separated, as the members of a man's body are in some degree separated ? But the nature of the members is, that they constitute one body, and yet are not altogether alike. Then said I : Thou needest not labour more about that. Thou hast clearly enough proved to me that the goods are in no wise separated from the true happiness. Then said he : Very rightly thou understandest it, now thou understandest that the goods are all the same that happiness is ; and happiness is the highest good ; and the highest good is God ; and God is ever one, inseparable. Then said I : There is no doubt of this. But I wish that ' thou wouldest now inform me of something unknown. § VII. Then said he : It is now evident that all the goods which we have before spoken about, belong to the highest good : and therefore men seek sufficient good, when they consider that which they seeh the highest good. Therefore they seek power, and also the other goods which we' before mentioned, because they think that it is the highest good. Hence thou mayest know that the highest good is the roof of all the other goods which men desire and covet. For no man covets anything but good, or something of that which resem- bles good. They are desirous of many a thing which is not full good, but it has nevertheless something of resemblance to good. Therefore we say, that the highest good is the highest roof of all goods, and the hinge on which all good turns, and also the cause on account of which man does all 144 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXIIT. Sapa go&a Se hi lyj-6. ^ ^u mihc j-pife j-peotole ongiCan be fam. t5e nanne mon ne lyj-c pap]- f ingej- f e hine^ lyj-c. ne fsaj- pe he bep. ac f S6]- pe he mib pam eapnap. foppampe he penp. gif he Sonne luj-C bejice. ] f puphcio. f he Sonne jecihhob" haepp. f he ponne hsebbe ^e jej-alpa. pu ne pap Su f nan mon pop py ne piC. tSe hme piban lypte. ac pit pop py pe he mib paepe pabe eapnap pume eapnixnga.^ Sume mib psepe pabe eap- niap f hie pien Sy halpan. Sume eapniap f hie pien py cappan. Sume 'fi hi polbon cuman to pumepe papa ptopa Se hi Sonne Co punbiap. pu ne ip pe nu* jenoh ppeotol f men nane puht^ ppiSop ne lupiap. Sonne he bop f hehpte job. poppampe selc puht Ssep Se hi pilniap oSSe bop. hi bop pop py. Se hi polbon habban f hehpte 500b on psem. ac he bpehap^ pume on pam Se hi penap f hie msBjen habban pull gob -j piille' jepselpa on Sipuni anbpeapbum gobum. Ac Sa puUan gepselpa ^ f hehpte 50b ip Eob* pelp. ppa ppa pe opt sep paebon. Da cpsep ic. Ne mseg 10 no gepencan hu ic psep oppacan msege. Da cpsep he. Uton laetan ponne bion pap' pppsece. 3 bion unc psep oppopge. nu Su ppa pulhce ongiten hsepjt f Eoo pimle bip untobaelebhc "J puU gob. -j f hip 500b 3 pio hip gepaelp him nahponan utane ne com. ac psep pimle on him pelpum. ■] nu ip. -] a bip ; • § VIII .y Da pe pipbom Sa Sip ppeU apaeb hsepbe. pa ongan he ept pingan ■] pup cpsep. pel la men pel. selc papa pe ppeo pie punbige to Sam goobe. ;j to Sam gepsalpum. ;| pe pe nu gehsept pie mib Saape unnyttan lupe pij-pe mibban geapbep. pece him ppeobom hu he msege becuman to pam gepselpum. poppam\^ ip pio an paept eallpa uppa geppmca. pio an hyp byp pimle pmyltu aeptep eallum Sam yptum 3 Sam ypum uppa geppmca. f ip peo an ppiSptop -) pio an ppopep epminga aeptep Sam epmSum pippep anbpeapban lipep. Ac pa gylbenan ptanap. -j pa peolppenan. -j aelcep cynnep gimmap. -^ eaU pep anbpeapba pela. ne onlihtap hi nauht paep mobep eagan. ne heopa pceappneppe nauht gebetap to Saepe pceapunga Saape popan gepaelpe. ac get ppipop he ablenbap Saep CCobep eagan. Sonne hi hi apcippan. Foppam ealle pa pmg Se hep hciap on pipum anbpeapbum lipe. pint eoppLce. pop Sy hi pint pleonbe. Ac pio punboplice be- ophfcnep. Se ealle Sing gebipht ■] eallum pelt, nyle f pa papla y Boat. lib. iii. metrum 10. — Hue omnes pariter venite, &o. 1 Bod. hipe. " Cott. getiohhaiS. " j-ume eajinunSa, deest in MS. Bod. * Cott. >onne. = Cott. t te men nan puht. = Cott. bpolia'S. ' Cott. piUa. » Cott. soob ip 50b. » Cott. >a. § VIII. BOETHIUS. 145 ■ good. For this cause, men covet every one of tbe goods which they covet. This thou mayest very plainly perceive hereby, that no man desires the thing which he desires, nor that which he does, but that which he thereby earns. For he thinks that if he obtain his desire, and accomplish that which he has re- solved, that then he shall have full happiness. Dost thou not know that no man rides because he lists to ride, but rides because he by riding attains some earning ? Some by their riding earn that they may be the healthier ; some earn that they may be the more active ; some that they may come to one of the places which they are then hastening to. Is it not then sufficiently clear to thee, that men love nothing more earnestly than they do the highest good ; because everything which they desire or do, they do for this reason, that they would have the highest good thereby ? But some of them err in thinking that they can have full good and full happi- ness in these present goods. But the full happiness and the highest good is God himself, as we have often before said. Then said I : I cannot imagine how I can deny this. Then said he : Let us then relinquish this discourse, and be so far secure ; since thou hast so fully learned that God is ever in- separable and full good, and that his good and his happiness came to him from nowhere without, but was always in him- self, and now is, and for ever shall be. § VIII. "When Wisdom had ended this discourse, then began he again to sing, and thus said : Well, O men, well ! Let every one who is free, aspire to this good, and to these felicities. And whosoever is now bound with the vain love of this middle-earth, let him seek freedom for himself, that he may arrive at these felicities. For this is the only rest of all our labours ; the only haven which is ever calm after all the storms and billows of our labours. This is the only asylum and the only comfort of the wretched after the calamities of this present life. But golden stones and silver, and gems of every kind, and all this present wealth, neither enlighten the eyes of the mind, nor improve their sharpness for the contem- plation of the true happiness ; but rather blind the eyes of the mind than sharpen them. For all the things which give plea- sure here in this present life are earthly, and are therefore fleeting. But the wonderful brightness which brightens all things, and governs all, wills not that souls should perish, 146 BOETHIirS. CHAP. XXXIV. poppeojipan. ac pile hi onlihcan. Eif Sonne hpelc mon mseje gepon ?a biphcu Tpsiy heojrenlican leohcej- mi& hluttpum eajum hif COobej-. tSonne pile he cpe])an f pio beophcnej- j)»pe jninnan fci'man jie. faej-tepnep^ Co mecanne pij> fa ecan biphtu tjofcej" ; • § IX,' Da j-e ^ixbom 8a fi]- leof ajninjen hsftp&e, fa cp«}) ic. Ic eom gefapa Seep fe Supegpc. popfamfe Su hic hseppc ^e- pefeb mib gepceabpiphcjie pace. Da cpsej" he. CCib hu miclan^ peo polbepc Jra. nu habban geboht f fu mihtepc onjican hpaec f pofe gob paepe. -j hpelc hic paepe. Da cpsejj ic. Ic polbe faejman mib ppife ungemethce gepean. ■] ic po&e mib unapi- mebum peo^ gebycgan f ic hiC mopce gepion. Da cpEBf he. Ic hic ]36 Sonne piUe gecsecan. Ac "p an ic jje bebeobe. f fu feah pop Saepe caecmnge ne popgice ■^ ^ ic aep Caehce. Da cpasj) ic. Nepe. ne popgice ic hic no. Da cpaef he. pu ne psebon pe fe aep f fip anbpeapbe hp Se pe hep pilmaf. naepe no f hehpee gob. popfam hit paepe mipclic* 3 on ppa manigpealb gebseleb.* f hiC nan mon ne maeg eall habban ^ him ne pie pumep fingep pana. Ic f e Caehce Sa f Ce Ssep paepe f hehpCe gob. Saep Saep fa gob ealle gegaabepobe biop. ppelce hi pien co antim pecge^ ge- gocen. Donne fajp bijj pnU goob. Sonne Sa \^J0b ealle. fe pe aep ymbe pppaecon. beof Co anum gobe gegabepob. Sonne ne bi]r faep nanep gobep pana. Sonne fa gob eaEe on anneppe biof. j pio annep biS on ecneppe. dp hi on ecneppe naepen.^ Sonne- naepe hiopa ppa ppipe Co gipnanne. Da cpaef ic. Daec ip gepseb. ne maeg ic f »p no Cpeogan.^ Da cpaef he. Mp ic Se haepbe gepaeb f f naepe pull gob f aec eaU aecgaebepe naepe. popf am ip f puU gob Saec eall aecgaebepe ip vmcobaeleb. Da cpaeS ic- Spa me f incf . Da cpaef he. ^enpc f u nu f eaUe Sa f ing f e gobe pine on fippe populbe., pop fy gobe pnt.' fy hi.habbaf^" hpaec hpegu" gobep on him. Da cpaef ic. Pp»p m»g ic ellep penan. hu ne ip hic ppa. Da cpaef he. Du pcealc feah gelypan f pio annep -j pio gobnep an fmg pie. Da cpaef ic. Ne maeg ic faep of paean. Da cpaef he. pu ne mihc Su gefenean f aelc fing maeg bion. ge on Sippe populbe. ge on faepe Copeapban. Sa hpile fehi&unBobseleb bif. fonne nebif hic eallunga ppa ppa hic aep 2^ Boet. lib. iii. prosa 11. — ^Aasentior, inquam, &c. ' Boa. \>se>r iep nep. 2 Cott. micle. = Cott. po. * Cott. mipllc. » Gott. tobieteb « Cott. pejse. ' Bod. ne pen. » Cbtt. epiotean. "Cott. pen. «> Cott hwbben. " Cott. hjnisu.. § IX. BOETHIUS. 14i7 but wilk to enligliten them. If, then, any man may behold the brightness of the heavenly light with the clear eyes of his mind, then will he say that the brightness of the Sun- shine is darkness to be compared with the eternal brightness of God. § IX. When Wisdom had sung this lay, then said I : I am convinced of that which thou sayest, for thou hast proved it by rational discourse. Then said he : With how much money wouldest thou have bought, that thou mightest know what the true good was, and of what kind it was ? Then said I .- I would rejoice with excessive gladness, and I would buy with countless money, that I might see it. Then said he : I will then teach it thee. But this one ihmg I enjoin thee ; that thou, on account of this instruction, forget not what- 1 before taught thee. Then said I: No, I will not forget it. Then said he : Did we not before say to thee, that this present life which we here desire, was not the highest good; because it was varied, and so. manifoldly divided, that no man can have it all, so that there be not to him a lack of something ? I then taught thee that the highest good was there where- the goods are aU collected, as if they were melted, into one mass. Then is there fuU good when the goods which we before spoke of are all collected into one good. Then is there a deficiency of no good. Then the goods are all in unity, and. the unity is eternal ! If they were not eternal, then would they not be so anxiously to be desired. Then said I : That is proved, nor can I doubt it. Then said he: I have formerly proved to thee, that. that was not full, good, which was not all together : because that is full good which is all together undivided. Then said I: So methinks. Then said he: Dost thou think, that all the things which are good in this world, are therefora good, because they have something of good in them ? Then said I : What else can I think ; is it not so ? Then said he: Thou must, however, believe that unity and goodness are one. thing. Then said I: I cannot deny this. Then said he: Canst thou not perceive, that everything is able to exist both in this worfd and in the faturej so long as it remains un- separated, but afterwards it is not altogether as it before l2 148 . BOETHITJS CHAP. XXXIT. paer. Da cpaf ic. Sege me f j-peocolop. ne maj ic piUice on- jican sefCep hpsam 8u rpypaj-C. Da cpsef he. ^aj-C 6u hpseC mori pie. Da cpaep ic. Ic pac f hiC ly^ j-apl -j lichoma. Da cpaeji he. ppsec Su paj-c •p hic bif mon. Sa hpile Se j-eo papl -j pe hchoma unbselfae^ beo]). ne bif hic nan mon. piSSan hi co&aelbe biof. ppa eac pe hchoma bip hchoma. fa hpile fe he hip hmu ealle haep]). gip he Sonne hpylc hm poplypc. Jjonne ne bij^he call ppa he sep psep. f ilce pu miht jefencan be aelcum tJmje. ■]} nan fmj ne bif ppelce hiC pap piSSan hic panian onjm]). Da cpaej) IC Nu ic hic pac. Da cpaeb he. ^enpc Su hpsepep aenij jepceapC peo. Se hipe piUan^ nylle ealne peg bion. ac pile hipe agnum pillan* poppeoppan ; • § X.* Da cpaep ic. Ne msej ic nane cpica puhc onjiCan Sapa pe piCe hpsec hiC pille. oSSe hp»t ic nylle. 8e unjeneb lypce^ poppeopjian. p oppam' sale puht polbe bion hal ^ libban. Sapa pe me cpica^ 8incf . bute ic nat be cpeopum. "j be pyptum. 3 be ppilcum gepceapcum ppylce nane paple nabba)). Da pmeapcobe he 3 cpaef. Ne SeappC fu no be psem jepceapcum Cpeojan fe* ma fe be psem oppum. pu ne mihc pu jepion f selc pypC ;j »lc puba^ pile peaxan on ])sem lanbe pelopc. Se him betpc jepipc. -j him jecynbe bif 3 gepiinehc. anb ])»p Jjaeji hiC jeppet f hxc hpa])0]r peaxan msej. 3 latopt pealopigan.^" 8umpa pypca o8t5e pumep puba eapb hip on bunum. pumpa on mepj'cum. pumpa on mopum. pumpa on clubum. pumpe" on bapum ponbum. Nim fonne ppa puba.^^ ppa pypC. ppa hpefep ppa t5u piUe. op pape pcope fe hip eapb ■] sepelo bij) on co peaxanne. ^ pecte on uncynbe''^ pcwpe him. Sonne ne jegpepp hiC Ssep nauhc. ac pop- peapaf. popfam alcep lanbep gecynb ip. f hit him jehce pypta -} gehcne pubu Cybpige.^* anb hiC ppa be]), ppipajj -j pypppa]) ppife jeopne. ppa lonje ppa heopa gecynb bip. f hi gpopan moCon. ppaeC penpc fu pophpi selc paeb gpope" innon Sa eop- fan. -J Co cipum -} Co pypcpumum peopfe on Ssepe eoppan. bucon pop J>y pe hi ciohhiaf f pe pcemn -j pe helm moce fy f aeptop -J py leng pcanbon. Ppi ne mihc fu onjican. Seah fu hic jepeon ne msege. f eaU pe b»l. pe fe fsep cpeopep on cpelp " Boet. lib. iii. prosa 11. — Si animalia, inquam, considerem, &c. 1 Cott. bilS. ^ Cott. uncobaslbe. = Cott. pe. J>e hipe pillum. » Cott. pillrnn. » Bod. lupfc. « Cott. popJJBem >e. ' Cott. cpuco. » Cott. J>on. ' Cott. pubu. w Cott. pealopian. " Bod! pume. ^' Cott. pubii. " Cott. ungecynbe. '■' Cott. tybjie. " Cott. qieope. § X. BOETHIirS. 149 was ? Then said I : Say that to me more plainly ; I cannot fully understand after what thou art inquiring. Then said he : Dost thou know what man is ? Then said I : I know that he is soul and body. Then said he: But thou knowest that it is man, while the soul and the body are unseparated. It is not man after they are separated. So also the body is body while it has all its members ; but if it lose any member, then it is not all as it before was. The same thou mightest conceive with respect to everything : that nothing is such as it was after it begins to decay. Then said I : Now I know it. Then said he : Dost thou think that there is any creature which of its will desires not«always to be, but of its own will desires to perish ? § X. Then said I : I cannot find any living thing which knows what it wills, or what it wills not, which uncompelled chooses to perish. Por everything, of such as I deem living, desires to be hale and to live. But I know not concerning trees and concerning herbs, arid concerning such creatures as have no souls. Then smiled he, and said : Thou needest not doubt concerning these creatures any more than about the others. Canst thou not see that every herb and every tree wiU grow best in that land which suits it best, and is natural and habitual to it ; and where it perceives that it may soonest grow, and latest fall to decay ? Of some herbs or of some wood, the native soil is on hUls, of some in marshes, of some on moors, of some on rocks, of some on bare sands. Take, therefore, tree or herb, whichsoever thou wUt, from the place which is its native soil and country to grow in, and set it in a place unnatural to it : then will it not grow there at all, but will wither. Por the nature of every land is that it should nourish herbs suitable to it, and suitable wood. And so it does : protecting and supporting them very carefully, as long as it is their nature that they should grow. What thinkest thou ? "Why should every seed grow in the earth, and turn to germs and to roots in the earth, except because they en- deavour that the trunk and the head may the more firmly and the longer stand ? Why canst thou not understand, though thou art not able to see it, that all that part of the tree which 150 BOETHIPS. CHAP. XXXIT. monfum jepeaxef .1 f he onsmj) op «am pyjitpumum. anb j-pa uppeaji&er Spepp of fone )-Cemn. J pt58an anblang tSse]- pifan. ;] anblang fsepe pmbe of Sone helm, anb pSSan sepCep t5am bogum oSSe f hit; uC ajfppnis]?. on leapum. :) on bloj-cmum. ^ on blebum. ppi ne raihc fu onsitan f ce aelc puhc cpicef bijj jnnanpeapb hnepcoj'C. ^ unbpoc heapbopc. Ppsec fu tniht ge- peon hu f tpeop bif ucon sepcyjipeb^ ^1 bepBepeb" mib peepe pmbe pip tSone pmcep. •) pif fa pteapcan pcopmap. -j eac pif paepe punnan hseco on pumepe. Ppa msej f he ne punbpige ppylcpa jepceaptaupep^ pceoppenbep.'' ;] hupufsep pceoppenbep. anb «eah pe hip nu punbpien. hpelc upe maeg apeccan me- benjice upep pceppenbep piUan.^ anpealb. hu hip gepceapca peaxaf -j epc paniaf . tSonne fSsep cima cymf . ] op heopa psebe peopfap epc jeebnipabe. ppylce hi fonne peopbon Co ebpceapce. hpaec hi t5onne epC biof. -j eac hpac hpeju' anhce bioS. ppilce he a beon.8 poppam^ hi aelce geape peoppaf Co sebpceapce : • § JSjy Ppef ep Su gee angice f Sa uncpefenban gepceapCa filnobon co bionne on ecneppej:pa ilce ppa men. gip hi mihco'n. Ppsefep t5u nu ongiCe pophpy f pyp punbige up. anb pio eopfe op bune. pop hpy ip .fsec. bucon pop.fy fie Irob gepceop hip eapb up. -J hipe op bune. pop py punbiaf^" sale gepceapC f ibep ppifopc. pibep hip eapb ■jhiphseloppifopcbio)). anb.phhp f ce him pipep- peapb bip. 3 ungebybe. 3 ungehc. Ppaac pa pcanap. popjjam hi pmc pcilpe geeynbe anb heapbpe. biop eappofe co cobselenne. anb eac uneaf e co pomne cumaf . gip hi gebaelebe-'--^ peopf af . gip pu f onne senne pCan CochppC. ne pypf he nseppe gegabepob ppa he sep paep. Ac f psecep ■] pio lypc biof hpeue hnepcpan ge- eynbe. hi biof ppife «a]je Co Cobselenne. ac hi bif epc pona aec- gsebepe. Dsec pyp Sonne ne mseg naeppe peoppan cobseleb. Ic psebe peah nu hpene sep. ^ ce nan puhc hip agenum piUum nolbe poppeopf an. ac ic eom nu mape'^ ymbe "p gecynb. fomne ymbe pone piUan. poppam hi hpilum piUaf on cpa.^^ f u mihc pican^* be manegum fingum f f gecynb ip ppife micel. ip f pop micel gecynb. f upum hchoman cymf eall hip maegen op Sam^' mece fe pe ficgaf. anb Seah psepf pe mece uc fuph 8one •" Boet. lib. iii. prosa 11. — Ea etiam quse iuanimata esse, &c. ' Cott. sepextJ. ^ Cott. cpucef. ' Cott. ucan jej-ceppeb. ^ Bod. bejjepo'S. ^ Bod. upepej-. « Ctj. ^-cyppenbej-. ' Cott. hpugu. » Cott. bion. 9 Cott. jropjiaem. '« Bod. jrunba'S. " Cott. tobiKlbe. " Cott. ma. • " Cott. Cu. " pitan, deest in MS. Bod. is Cott. )>:em. § XI. BOETHITJS. 151 gvoMfa in twelve months, begins from the roots and so grows upwards into the trunk, and afterwards along the pith, and along the bark to the head; and afterwards through the boughs, until it springs out in leaves, and in blossoms, and in fruits ? "Why canst thou not understand, that every living thing is inwardly softest, and unbroken hardest ? Moreover, thou mayest observe how trees are outwardly clothed and covered with bark against the winter, and against the stark storms; and also against the heat of the sun in summer. Who can refrain from admiring such works of our Creator, and stUl more the Creator ? And though we admire him, which of us can declare worthily our Creator's will and power ? How his creatures grow and again decay, when the time thereof comes ; and from their seed become again re- newed, as if they were then newly created ? What they then, again are, and also in some measure alone are, such they ever shall be, because they are every year neWly created. § XI. Dost thou now understand that even inanimate crea- tures would desire to exist for ever, the same as men, if they eould ? Dost 'thou understand why fire tends upwards, and earth downwards ? Wherefore is it, but because God. made the station of one up, and of the other down ? iFor every creature chiefly tends thither where its station and its health especially is, and flies from what is contrary, and disagreeing, and unlike to it. Stones, because they are of immovable amd hard nature, are difficult to divide, and also with difficulty come together, when they are divided. If thou cleav«Bt a stone, it never becomes united together as it before was. Biit water and air are of a somewhat softer nature. They are very -easy to separate, but they are again soon together. The fire, indeed, cannot ever be divided. I just now said that nothing of its own will would perish ; but I am spealoinff more about the nature than about the will, for these sometimes are dif- ferently inclined. Thou mayest know by many things that nature is very great. It is through mighty nature that to our body comes aU its strength from the food which we eat, and yet the food goes out through the body. But neverthe- 152 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XXXIV. lichomon. ac hij- rpase^ t5eah ^ hij- cpaepc jecym)) on alcepe sibjie. ypa, j-pa mon melo^ ppc.' f melo* Suph' cpypf aelc fypel. 3 fa pofofa^ peopfaf aj-ynbpeb. pja eac upe jaj-C bif pjijie pi&e fapenbe upum unpiUum -J upe)- unjepealbep pp hip ^ecynbe. nallef'!' pop hip pillan. f bif Sonne ponne pe plapaf. PpseC Sa necenu tSonne. ^ eac pa oppe jepceapca. ma pilniaf tSsep fe hi pilnia}) pp jecynbe Sonne pop pillan. Unjecynbelic ip selcpe puhce' f hic pilnije ppecenneppe oSSe beafep. ac feat manig finj bif Co paem jeneb f hic pillnaj) Sapa aegfpep. popfam^ pe pilla bif Sonne pcpenjpa Sonne f gecynb. hpilum bip pe piUa ppijjpa ])onne f gecynb. hpilum JiseC gecynb opepcymji fone pillan. ppa nu pp»nnep be)), peo biS aelcum men gecynbe. -j hpilum"^" Seah hipe bip poppepneb hipe gecynbep Suph faep monnep pillan. eall pio lupu Sasp hsemeb Smgep bif poji gecynbe. naUap^"^ pop pillan ; • § XII.° Be fam fu miht openlice piCan f pe pceoppenb eallpa gepceapca haspji popgipen aanne lupt ~} an gecynb eallum hip gepceaptum. ■^ ip ■f hi polbon a bion. aelcepe puhte ip ge- cynbe f hiC pillnige f hit a pie be fam baele Se hic hip gecynbe^^ healban moc ;) m»g. Ne feappc Su no cpeogan ymbe f fe Su »p fcpeobepc. f ip be fam gepceapcum Se nane paple nabbaf. aelc papa gepceapta Se paple haepp. ge eac Sa fe nabbaj). pillmajj pimle Co bionne. Da cpaef ic. Nu ic ongice '^ ^ ic aep ymbe cpeobe. 'p ip 'p aelc gepceapc pillnaJ) pimle Co bionne. f T rpife ppical^^ on Saepe cybpunge. Da cpaef he. ppaefep^* fu Sonne ongice ]>aec aelc fapa puhca Se him beon fencf. f hiC fencf aecgaebpe beon gehal unbaeleb. popfam gip hiC cobaeleb bij). fonne ne bijj hic no hal.'^ Da cpaef ic. Daec ip pof. Da cpsej) he. eall fing habbaf peah aenne piUan.^^ f ip f hi polbon a bion. fuph fone aenne pillan hi pillniaf faep anep gobep" Se a bif. f ip Eob.'' Da cpaef ic. Spa hiC ip ppa ]>u paegpc.^" Da cpaef he. ppaec fu mihc openhce ongicon f f ip pop inlice gob^" fmg f eallegepceapca^ ealle"^ puhca pilniaf Co habbenne. " Boet. lib. ill. prosa 11. — Dedit enim providentia, &o. ' Bod. rpptec. 2 Cott. meolo. ^ Cott. pefC. ' Cott. meolo. ' Cott. J>ujiS- ' Cott. ryre}>a. ' Cott. naMsep. ' Bod. bi« aelcpe jjyhce. » Cott. j:op>»m. » Bod. Sehpilcum. " Cott. naler. " Bod. hip gecynb. " Cott. ppeotol. " Bod. ISpseC. '= Bod. untobBelefc biS hie sehal. '« Bod. DieC ealle Jung habba'S anne pillan. " Cott. goober. " Cott. goob m ppa pupsegpe, desunt in MS. Bod. » Cott. goob. " Cott. ealjia. § Xn. EOETHIUS. 133 less its savour and its virtue enters every vein, even as any one sifts meal : tte meal runs through every hole, and the bran becomes separated. So also our spirit is very widely wandering, without our will, and without our power, by reason of its nature, not by reason of its will, that happens when we sleep. But cattle, and also other creatures, seek that which they desire, more from nature than from will. It is unnatural to everything that it should desire danger or death, but still many a thing is so far compelled that it de- sires both of them ; because the will is then stronger than the nature. Sometimes the will is more powerful than the nature, sometimes the nature overcomes the will. Thus lust does. It is natural to all men, and yet its nature is some- times denied to it through the man's will. All the desire of cohabitation is from nature, not from will. § XII.. By this thou mayest plainly know that the Maker of all things has imparted one desire and one nature to all his creatures, that is, that they would exist for ever. It is natural to everything that it should desire to exist for ever ; so far as it can and may retain its nature. Thou needest not doubt concerning that which thou before didst question, that is, concerning the creatures which have no souls. Every one of the creatures which have souls, as well as those which have not, desires always to exist. Then said I : Now I un- derstand that about which I before aoubted, that is, that every creature is desirous always to exist ; which is very clear from the propagation of them. Then said he : Dost thou then understand that every one of the things which perceives itself to exist, perceives itself to be together, whole and undivided ; because if it be divided, then it is not whole ? Then said I : That is true. Then said he : All things, however, have one will, that is, that they would exist for ever. Through this one will they desire the one good which for ever exists, that is G-od ! Then said I : So it is as thou sayest. Then said he : Thou mayest then plainly perceive that it is on account of a thing, good in itself, that all creatures and all things desire 1,54 BOEXHITJS. CHAP. XXXV. Da cpse]) ic. Ne msag nan mon j-ojjpe j-eggan. popSam^ ic onjite f ealle gej-ceapCa topleopon^ j-pa j-pa pseceji. ■] nane pibbe. ne nane en&ebyjibnejje neheolbon. ac ppife ungepecLce^ Coj-lupen 3 Co nauliCe pupben. ppa ppa pe aep paefaon^ on fipje ilcan bee. p.f In nEBf bon senne Eob ]>e him ealliim ptiopbe. ] pacobe. anb psebbe. Ac nu popfamfe pe piton ^ an pealbenb ip eallpa Smga. pe pceolon^ beon nebe gefapan. pam pe pJlan. pam pe nyllan. ■p lie pie pe hehpca hpop eallpa goba. Da pmepcobe^ he pif mm -j cpae]?. eala'^ mm cilb ea.' hpaec fa eapt ppife gepsehg. ~j ic ppi])e bhfe. pop f inum^ anbgice. ppife neah fn ongeate Sa J piht. ■} f ilcfi f ]?u sep psebepc f ])U ongiCon ne mihcepc. Saep fu paepe nu gef ap a. Da cpsef ic Ppsat paep ■p 'p ic sep psebe ^ ic nypce.' Da cpse}) he. Du psebepc f ^u nypcepc'" selcpe gepceapce enbe. ac pite nu 'p '^ ip selcpe gepceapce enbe. f fu pelp »p nembepc. f ip gob.^' to fam punbiaf ealle'^ gejceapca. nabbaj) hi nan gob opep f Co pecanne. ne hi nan puhc ne magon ne upop ne ucop pinban ; • ^ CAPUT XXXV.i § I. DA he Sa fipppell apsebhsepbe. Sa ongan he epC pmgan. ■J fu]' cpsej). Spa hpa ppa pille bioplice ppipigan mib innepeapban CWobe sepcep pyhce. ^ nylle '^ hme aenig mon o^tSe aenig &ng mage ameppan. ongmne tSonne pecan on'lnnan him pelpum. f he »p ymbuCon hme f3hce. -j poplaece unnycce ymbhogan ppa he-'^ rpjj'or'- nisage. ■] gegsebepige Co Jiam anum. -j gepecge Sonne hip agnum'^^ OOobe. f hiC m»g pinban on mnan him pelpum ealle Sa gob fe hic uce pec]). 8onne mseg he ppijie paf e ongitan ealle f ypel ^ f unnec. f he sep on hip GOobe haepbe. ppa ppeocole ppa f u mihc Sa punnan gepeon. "j fu ongiCpc ym agen mgefanc. f hiC biji micele beophcpe -} leohcpe Sonne peo punne. popfam nan hsepgnep Ssep Lchoman. ne nan unfeap ne m»g eaUimgajacion op hip CCobe fa pihtpipneppe.'^ ppa f he hipe hpsecUpegu nabbe on hip TOobe. Seah pio ppsepnep faep lichoman. -j fa unpeapap opC abipegien f GDob mib opepgio- * Boet. lib. iii. metrnm 11. — Quisquis profimiia mente, &c. ' Cott. pophaam. ^ Qott. j:lo])em. ' Bod. ungelice. * Cott. lange paebon. = Cott. pculori. " Cott. pmeapcobe. ' Cott. ea. ^ Bod. mino. " Cott. nepre. '" Cott. neyye. " 15 ip ^ob, desunt in MS. Bod. " Cott. ealla. " Bod.hi. "^od. anum. '= Bod. un- pihsjjipneppe. § I. EOETHirS. 155 to possess it. Then said I : No man can more truly say ; for I know that all creatures would flow away like water, and keep no peace nor any order, but very confusedly dissolve, and come to naught, as we before said in this same book, if they had not one God who guided, and directed, and governed them all! But now, since we know that there is one governor of all things, we mnst needs be convinced, whether we will, or whether we will not, that he is the highest roof of all goods. Then he smiled upon me, and said: O, my child, how truly happy art thou, and how truly glad am I, on ac- coumt of thine understanding ! Thou hast very nearly dis- covered the truth ; and the same that thou before saidest thou couldest not understand, of that thou hast now been con- vinced. Then said I : What was that, which I before said I knew not ? Then said he: Thou said-st that thou knewest not the end of every creature. But know now, that that is the end of every creature, which thou thyself haat already named, that is, good. To this all creatures tend. They have no good hesides this to seek, nor can they discover anything either above or bejond it ! CHAPTEE XXXV. § I. Wheit he had ended this discourse, then began he again to sing, and thus said : Whosoever is desirous to search . deeply with inward mind after truth, and is tuiwilling that .any man, or anything .should mislead him, let Mm begin to seek within himself that which he l)efore sought around him ; and let him dismiss vain anxieties as he best may, and resort to this alone, and say to his own mind that it may find within itself all the goods which it seeks externally. Then may he very sooji discover all the evil and vanity which he iefore had in his mind, as plainly as thou canst behold the sun. And thou wilt know thine own mind, that it is far brighter and lighter than the sun. ]?or no beaviness of the body, or any fault, can whoUy take away from his mind wisdom, so that as have not some portion of it in his mind ; though the sluggish- ness of the body and its imperfections often prepossess the mind with forgetfulness, and affright it witb the mist of error, 15G BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXT. CTilnej-j-e ■) mib Jjam se&polmij-ce hip pojitio f hit ne ma&je j-pa beophce j-cman j-pa hit polbe. ") Seah bif pmle copn ^aepe pffseftnej-j-e j-»b on ])»pe j-aple pumjenfae. Sa hpile ]>e po papl ^ p lichoma jebepobe beoj?. 'p copn pceal bion apehc mib apcunja ~j mib Tape, gip hit Spopan pceal. Pu msej tJonne aenij man pyhtpiphce ] jepceabpij-lice acfi^an. jip he nan gpot piht- pipnepj-e on him nsepp. nip nan ppa ppij>e bebaeleb pyhtpipneppe. f he nan pyht anbpypbe nyt?. gij: mon acpaf. Fopf am hit ip ppijie pyht ppell f Plato pe ufpita y^^^- he cpaef ppa hpa ppa unjemynbij pie pihtpipneppe. ^eceppe hme to hip jemynbe. Sonne pint he Sasp fa pyhcpipneppe gehybbe mib fasp hchoman ■haepijneppe ^ mib hip ClOobep jebpepebneppe -j bipgunja ; ■ § II.* Da cpsBf ic. Ic eom jefapa f f pap pot5 ppell f Plato psebe. pu ne mynejobept' fu me eac nu tupa fsepe ilcan pppace. aepept fu cpaefe f ic haepbe popjiten f gecynbelic job. •p ic on innan me pelpum haepbe. pop tSaep hchoman hepigneppe. set oSpum ceppe f u me psebept f set Su haepbept onjiten ^ me pelpum fuhte f ic haepbe eaUunja poplopen f gecynbelice 50b. f ic oninnan me pelpum pceolbe habban. pop Saepe unje- metlican unpotneppe 8e ic haepbe popfam poplaetenan pelan. Da cpaef he. Dap fu nu gemynbept Sa popb ]>e ic fe paebe on fsepe popman bee. tSonne miht^ t5u be fam popbum jenoj ppeotole ongitan 'p ^ fu aep paebepc f fu nypptept.^ Da cpaef IC. ppaet paep f. hpaet paebe ic f ic nypte;-* Da cpaej) he. Du paebept on faepe ilcan bee. f pu ongeate f te Eob peolbe pippep mibban jeapbep. ac fu paebept f fu ne mihte pitan humeta he hip peolbe. oS6e hu he hip peolbe. Da cpaep ic. Ic jeman genoj geapa' mm agen bypig. •] ic hip paep aep Se gepapa. feah le hit Ea be pumum bsele ongeate. ic polbe get hip mape aet ?Se ge- eppan. Da cpaeJ) he. Ne Se nauht aep ne cpeobe f te Irob psebbe ^ peolbe eallep mibbaneajibep ; • Da cpaef le. Ne me geot° nauht ne tpeop. ne nu naeppe ne tpeop.' le ]>e piUe eac pona pecgan be hpaem ic hit aepept* ongeat. Ic ongeac paec Sep mibbangeapb paep op ppitSe manegum anb mipthcum* Singum gegabepob. ■] ppipe paepte to pomne gehmeb -3 gepangob. naepen hi gegabepobe -j gepabobe. ppa pipeppeapba gepceapta. Sonne ne pupbon he naeppe ne gepophte ne eac gegabepobe. -j gip he hi ' Boet. lib. iii. prosa 12. — Turn ego, Platoni, inquam, &c. ' Cott. mynbsobej-S. « Cott. meahce. ' Cott. nerpe. < Cott. nyppe. ' Cott. geajie. « Cott. jiec. ^ Cott. Spio'S. « Bod. J>am ic sepej-t. 8 Cott. ini)-licum. § ir. BOETHiirs. 157 so that it cannot sliine so brightly as it would. And never- theless, a grain of the seed of truth is ever dwelling in the aoul, vrhile the soul and the body are united. That grain must be excited by inquiry and by instruction if it shall grow. How then can any man wisely and rationally inquire, if he has no particle of wisdom in him ? No one is so en- tirely destitute of wisdom, that he knows no right answer when any one inquires. Therefore it is a very true saying that Plato the philosopher said. He said: "Whosoever is forgetful of wisdom, let him have recourse to his mind ; then will he there find the wisdom concealed by the heaviness of the body, and by the trouble and occupation of his mind. -— - § II. Then said I : I am convinced that it was a true saying which Plato said. But hast thou not again twice re- minded me of the same argument ? First thou saidst that I had forgotten the natural good which I had within myself, through the heaviness of the body. At another time thou saidst to me, that thou hadst discovered that it seemed to myself that I had altogether lost the natural good which I should have within myself, through the immoderate uneasi- ness which I had on account of lost wealth. Then said he : Since thou now rememberest the words which I said to thee in the first book, thou mayest by those words clearly enough call to mind what thou before saidst thou wert ignorant of. Then said I : "What was that ? "What did I say that I was ignorant of? Then said he : Thou saidst in that same book that thou knewest that God governed this middle-earth ; but thou saidst that thou couldest not discover in what manner he governed it, or how he governed it. Then said I : I very well remember mine own folly, and I have already acknow- ledged it to thee. But though I know it in some measure, I would yet hear more concerning it from thee. Then said he : Thou formerly hadst not any doubt that God ruled and governed all the middle-earth. Then said I : Ifor do I now doubt it, nor ever shall doubt it. I will, moreover, at once tell thee through what I at first comprehended it. I per- ceived that this middle-earth was composed of very many and various things, and very firmly cemented and joined together. If these, such contrary creatures, had not been united and re- duced to order hy an all-powerful Being, then they would 158 BOETHItlS. CHAP. XXXT. nebunbe^mi&hij-unabinbenblicum^ pacencum. Sonne coplupan 'hi eaUe.^ -^ nsepon'' no j-pa jepij-lice. ne ]-pa enbebyjiblice. ne j-pa gemedice hiopa j-cebe. -j hiopa pyne funben on hiopa pcopum. •] on hiopa Cibum. Jip an unapenbenbhc Cob nsepe. peolbe ])one job 'p ^ he ly. f ic hate Eob j-pa ppa ealle gej-ceapCa § III/ Da cpsBp he. Nu Su pac fpa openhce onjicen haep pc. ne Jieapjre ic nu nauhc ppipe ymbe f ppincan. f ic Se ma be gobe peccB. poppaam (5u eapc nu pulneah cumen mnon^ tSa ceapcpe pape popan jepselpe. pe pu lanje aep ne mihcepc apebian. Ac piC pculon ppaSeah pecan f f piC, aep mynCon. Da cpsep ic. pp»C If f. Da cpssf he. Pu ne Cealban piC »p f te genyhc psepe'^ gepselpa, ^ Sa gepselpa paspon Ijob. Da epap ic. Spa hic If ppa pu pegpc. Da cpasp he. Eob ne bepeapp nanep oppep pultnimep. bucon hip pelpep. hip gepceapca mib to peal- banne. ^e' ma pe he sep poppce. to Sam peopce. poppam^ gip he »nigep pulcumep on anejum Sinjum bepoppte. Sonne nsepbe he no pelp genoj.. Da cp»p ic. Spa hit ip ppa pu pegpt. Da cpsep he. Duph' hine pelpne he gepceop ealle^" Sing, -j eallpa pealt.'' Da cpaep ic. Ne maeg ic S»p oppacan. Da cpsep he. .iEp pe pe haepbon f gepeht.-^^ ■^ Eob psepe puph hme pelpne gob.-'^ Da cpsep ic. Ic geman f pu ppa paebept. Da cpaep he. Duph^* goob Eob gepceop »lc'* fing. poppam^^ he pelt^'' puph hme pdpne eallep Sap pe pe ap cpabon ^ gob pape. ^ he ip ana ptapolpapt pealbenb. •] pteopa. -3 pteoppopep.^' poppam he peht^' -j pat eallum gepceaptum. ppa ppa gob^" pteopa^^ amim pcipe. Da cpap ic. Nu-ic Se anbette f ic habbe punben.bupu. pap Sap ic ap gepeah ane lytle cynan.^^ ppa pat ic ungeape^^ mihte ge- peon^* ppife lytellne pciman leohcep op pipum^' Seoptpum. -j Seah pu me tahtqr ap pa bupu. ac ic hipe ne mihte mape apebian. buton f ic hipe gpapobe ymbuton ^ Se ic 'p lytle leoht gepeah tpmclian. ic Se j-afae gepypn ap on Sippe ilcan bee. f Boet. lib. iii. prosa 12. — Turn ilia, cum hffic, inquit, &c. 1 Cott. gebimbe. = Cott. unaubmbenblicmn. ^ Cott. ealla. ■* Bod. nsepe. » Cott. m on. « Cott. psajien. ' Cott. Jjon. » Cott. jroptaem. s Cott. Dups- •» Cott. eall. " Cott. pylc. " Cott. gepeahs. " Cott. Soob. " Cott; Blips: " Cott. eal. " Cott..j!op}>»ni. " Cott. pils. '* Cott..)-eeopTioi)epT hehaa. " Cott. pihB. »i Cott. Soob, ^^ Cott. rSiopa. 22 Cott. cinan. " Cojt. uueajje. " Cott. Senon. " Cott. J)ij7uin. §111, BOETHIUS. 159 never have been formed nor joined together : arid if he had not bound them -with his indissoluble chains, then would they all be dissolved. Neither would their station and their course be formed so wisely, and so orderly and so suitably in their places, and in their times, if one unchangeable God did not exist. G-ood, therefore, directed whatever is. This I call God, as all creatures call it. § III. Then said he : Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may in- struct thee further concerning good ; for thou art now almost come into the city of the true happiness, which thou some time ago couldest not discover. But we must nevertheless consider what we have already proposed. Then said I : What is that ?- Then,said he : Have we not before agreed that suffi- ciency was happiness, and happiness was God ? Then said I : So it is as thou sayest. Then said he : God needs no other help besides himself to govern his creatures with, any more than he befoi'e needed for the creation ; for if he had need of any help in anything, then would.he himself not have sufficiency. Then said. I : So it is as thou sayest. Then said he : By himself he created all things, and governs all. Then said I.: I eannat deny it. Then, said he : We have before shown to thee that God was of himself good. Then said I: I remember that thou so saidst. Then said he: Through good, God created everything, for he governs by himself all that which we before said was good : and he is. the only stable governor, and pilot, and rudder ;. for. he directs and rules all creatures as a good pilot steers a ship. Then said I : Now I confess to thee that I have found a door, where. I before saw only a little chink, so that I scarcely could see a very small ray of light in this darkness. And yet thon_^ hadst before pointed out to me the door, but I could.not ever the more discover it, though I groped for it whereabout I saw that little light twinkle. I said to thee some time ago in this same book, that I knew not what was the beginning of all 160 EOETHirS. CHAP. XXXT. f ic nyj-ce' hpsec j-e pjiuma psepe ealpa jej-ceapca. 8a jepehtepC pu me f^ hic psep Eob.' fa nypce^ ic epc ymbe pone en&e. aep Jju me epc gepehcept f f paepe eac Dofa.^ Sa paebe ic pe ^ ic nypce° hu he ealpa papa gepceapca peolbeJ ac 8u hiC me hseppC nu ppipe ppeotole jepehc.^ ppelce^ ^u haebbe Sa bupu abpoben pe ic sep pohte. Da anbppopobe he me -j cpsep. Ic pac f le pe sep mynejobe^" S»pe ilcanpppsece. ■) nu me pmcp f pu on^ite ppa ppa lenj ppa bet ymbe Sa poppaepcneppe. ac ic polbe %et pe eopian pume bipne.*' ac ppa ppeocole ppa pio p»p pe ic pe aep paebe. Da cpsep ic. Ppaet ip pio ; ■ § IV.s Da cpaep he. Ne msej nsenne mon paep Cpeojan^^ f te eallpa gepceapCa agnum pillan^' Eob picpap opep hi. ^ eap- mobhce hiopa pillan penbap Co hip piUan. Be psem ip ppipe ppeocol f ce Hob aejhpsep pealc mi'b psem hehngn ^ mib paem pCioppoppe hip jobneppe. poppampe-'* eaUe'^ gepceapCa jecynbe- lice hiopa ajnum pillum punbiap Co cumanne Co gobe. ppa ppa pe opc sep paebon on pippe ilcan bee. Da cpsep ic. Ppi ne msej ic paep cpeojan.'^ poppaempe Eobep anpealb naape pull eabijhc. gip pa jepceapCa hiopa unpiUum him hepben.^' •] epC tSa ge- pceapca nsepon** nanep Soncep ne nanep peopppcipep peoppe.'^ gip hi heopa unpiUum hlapopbe hepben. Da cpaep he. Nip nan jepceapc ^e he Ciohhije^" f hio pcylepmnan pip hipe pcippenbep pillan jip hio hipe jecynb^ healban pile. Da cpsep ic. Nip nan gepceapc^^ pe pip hipe pcippenbep piUan pmne. buCon bypij mon. otStSe epcSapipeppiepban^'.enjlap. Da cpsep he. ppsec penpc pu. jip aeneju jepceapc Ciohhobe f hio pip hip piUan pceolbe pmnan, hpsec hio mihce pip ppa mihcine ppa pe hme jepehcne habbap. Da cpaap ic. Ne majon hi nauhc tSeah hi piUon. Da punbpobe he ■] cpsep. Nip nan puhc pe maege o86e pille ppa heajum^* Eobe pipcpepan. Da cpaap ic. Ne pene ic f aenig puhc pie 8e pippinne. buCon f piC sep pppsecon. Da pmepcobe^' he anb cpsep. fiCe jeape f f ip f hehpce gob. f hic eall ppa mihciglice B Boet. lib. iii. prosa 12. — Cum Deus, inquit, omnia, &c. 1 Cott. nfyye. ^ Bod. hpset. ' Bod. et Cott. gob. ' Cott. nyn-e. 5 Bod. et Cott. sob. « Cott. nyjTe. ' Cott. piolbe. ' Cott. Sepeahe. 9 Cott. rpylce. " Cott. mynbgobe. " Cott. byrne. '" Cott. EpioSan. " Cott. pillum. " Cott. jropjjiemjje. " Cott. ealla. i« Cott. )>pone maeg Jiw]- EpioSan. " Bod. hepbej-E. i' Cott. nsepen. " Cott. pypj>e. =« Cott. ciohhie. . 21 Cott. cynb. » Cott. gecynb. » Cott. pij^ep- peapban. '* Cott. heaum. " Cott. j-meapcabe. § XT. BOETHIUS. 161 creatures. Thou didst tten inform me tbat it was G-od. Then again I knew not concerning the end, until thou hadst told me ttat it was also God. Then said I to thee that I knew not how he governed all these creatures, but thou hast now explained it to me very clearly, as if thou hadst opened the door which I before sought. Then answered he me, and said : I know that I before reminded thee of this same argu- ment, and now methinks that thou understandest, as the later, so the better, concerning the truth. But I would yet show thee some example as manifest as that was which I be- fore mentioned to thee. Then said I : "What is that ? § IV. Then said he : No man can doubt this, that by the proper consent of all creatures G-od reigns over them, and bends their will conformably to his will. By this it is very evident that God governs everything with the helm and with the rudder of his goodness. For all creatures naturally of their own will endeavour to come to good, as we have often before said in this same book. Then said I : Indeed I cannot doubt it, for God's power would not be entirely perfect if creatures obeyed him against their will : and again the crea- tures would not be worthy of any thanks or any honour if they unwillingly obeyed their lord. Then said he : There is no creature which attempts to contend against its Maker's wUl, if it desire to retain its nature. Then said I : There is no creature which contends against its Maker's will except foolish man, or, again, the rebellious angels. Then said he: What thinkest thou ? If any creature determined that it would contend against his will, what could it do against one so powerful as we have proved him ? Then said I : They cannot do anything, though they will it. Then wondered he, and said : There is no being which can or wiU oppose so high a God. Then said I : I do not imagine that there is anything which opposes, except what we before said. Then smiled he, and said ; Be assured that that is the highest good, which so M 162 BOETHIirS. CHAP. XXXT. maca]). -j eaU Sinj gej-ceop. -j eallum jja jejieclice pacaf. ] j-ap eafelice^ bucon selcum jej-pmce hic call pet. Da cpsef ic. p'el me hcobe ^ Jiu »p )-8ebe)-t. ^ Jjij-ef me l^c nu get'' bee. ac me j-ceama]) nu ^ ic hit Bep ne onseat. Da cpsej? he. Ic pat' f fu gehepbej-C opt peccan on ealbum leafum j'pellum f te lob Satupnej- j-unu ]-ceolbe beon* ]-e hehfta Dob ofep ojjpe Eobap.' ^ he pceolbe bion Ssej- heopenej- funu. "j pcolbe picf lan on heo- penum. ^ pcolbon xt^a.'Ata,]- bion eopfan j-una. ] fa pceolboB^ picfian opep eopfian. •] fa pceolban' hi beon' jpilce' hy psepon Jeppyptpena beapn. popfsemfe^" hepceolfaebeonheoponeppunu. 3 hi eopfan. Sa pceolbe Sam gijantum opJ»mcan f he haepbe hiepa^i pice, polbon Sa tobpecan Sone heopon unbep him. Sa pceolbe he penban Sunpap. •^lyjetu.'^ ] pmbap. ■] topyppan eall hipa gepeopc mib. ^ hi pelpe opplean. Dyllice^^ leapunja hi pophton. ^ mihton eafe pecjan pofppell. gip him fa leapunga nsspon^* ppetpan. ■j Seah ppfe jehc fipum. hi mihton pecjan hpylc bypij Neppob j'e JiganS pophte. pe Neppob pasp Ehnpep punu. Ehup psap Ehamep punu. Eham'* Noep. pe Neppob het pypcan »nne top on Sam^^ pelba ]>e Sennap'' hatte. ■] on Jiaepe tSiobe f e Deipa hatte. ppif e neah f aepe bypig Se mon nu haet Babiloma. 'p hi bybon pop fsem finjum •f^^ hi polbon piton hu heah hit paepe to fsem hepone. ~j hu Sicke^^ pe heppn paepe ^ hu psept. oMe hpaet faep opep paepe. Ac hit jebypebe. ppa hit Gynn^" pap. "p pe gobcunba anpealb^'^ hi toptencte asp hi hit pullpypcan mopton.^^ ■] topeappfonetopp.^' ^hiopamamjne^* opploj. ■] hiopa pppaece tobselbe on tpa^° ■j hunb peopontig ^e- feoba.^^ Spa gebypef aelcum Sapa fe pinf pif faem gobcunban anpealbe."^^ ne gepexf^^ himnanpeopfpcipe on faem. ac pypf pe gepanob fe hi aep hsepbon ; • § V.'' Ac loca nuhpaspepSupille^pitjietppypijen^' septep senijpe jepceabpipneppe pujifop. nu pit f apunben'" habbaf . f. >> Boet. lib. iii. prosa 12. — Sed visne rationes ipsaSf &c. ■ Cott. ejiehce. ^ Cott. giee. ^ Bod. )>p»c ic par. • Cott. bion. ' Cott. oSpu tobu. 5 Cott. yceolben. ' Cott. j-ceolben. s ctt bion. 9 Cott. nJelce. '» Cott. jrojijitem >e. " Bod. hijie. 12 Cott. ligeEa. '2 Cott. Dyllica. " Cott. naepen. " Bod. thaanier pmn. thaan. '= Cott. J)»m. " Cott. Nenj-ap. « Cott. \>e. " Cott. >icce. 2ocott. cyn. 21 Cott. palb. 22 Cott. mopsen. 2= Cott. Bop. 24 Cott. moniSne. 2= Cott. Su. 26 Cott. gehoba. 27 Cott. anpalbe. 2b Cotj. ^eyykS. 29 Bod. gerpypigen. ^o Cott. punben. § "V. BOETHIUS. 163 powerfully doea everything, and has created all things, and so widely over all extends, and so easily without any labour dis- poses everything. Then said I : I well liked what thou be- fore saidst, and this pleases me still better, but I am now ashamed that I did not know it before. Then said he : I wot thou hast often heard tell in old fables, that Jove, the son of Saturn, should be the highest god above other gods ; and he should be the son of heaven, and should reign in the heavens ; and the giants should be the sons of earth, and should reign over the ear th ; and then they sh ould be as if they were sisters' children, for he should be the son of heaven, and they of earth. Then should it bethink the giants that he possessed their kingdom. Then were they desirous to break the heaven under him. Then should he send thunders, and lightnings, and winds, and therewith overturn all their work, and slay them. Such fictions they invented, and might easily have related true history, if the fictions had not been more agreeable to them, and yet very like to these. They might have related what folly Nimrod the giant wrought. Nimrod was the son of Cush ; Cush was the son of Ham, and Ham of Noah. Nimrod gave order to erect a tower in the field which is called Shinar, and in the country which is called Dura, very near to the city which men now call Babylon. They did it for these reasons ; that they wished to know how high it was to the heaven, and how thick the heaven, was, and how firm, or what was over it. But it happened, as was fit, that the divine power dispersed them before they could complete it, and overthrew the tower, and slew many a one of them, and divided their speech into seventy-two languages. So happens it to every one of those who atnve against the divine power. No honour accrues to them thereby, but that is diminished which they before had. § V. But see now whether thou art desirous that we stUl should seek after any argument further, now we have dis- M 2 164 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXV. pit Sep phton. ic pene feah gip pic Jiec^ uncpe popfa Co pomne pleajj. f fsep anpjiunge j-um nieapca up j-offaerCneije Sapa fe pic »p ne gej-apon. Da cpaef ic. Do j-pa j-pa «u pille. Da cpaej) he. PpsaC nsenne men nu ne Cpeof f Eob py ppa miliCis f he maege pypcan f f he pille. Da cp»p ic. Ne cpeop faep nan^ men Se auhc pac. Da cpsef he. Ppsef ep sems men pene* f auhc pe f aep «e Dob bon ne maaje. Da cpsejj ic. Ic hiC pac f nauhc nip «Kr «e he bon ne msege. Da cpsef he. f enpC pu hpsefep he msege anij* ypel bon. Da cpsef ic. Ic pac f he ne msej. Da cpsep he. Sop 6u pegj-C. popfam hiC ip nauhc. fsep ypel auhc psepe fonne mihce' hic Cob pypcan. fopfy hiC ip nauhc. Da cpKp IC. GOe fincp f fu me bpehje anb bybepie.^ ppa mon cilb be]>. Isecpc me hifaep -j Sibep'? on ppa ficne pubu f ic ne msej uc apebian. poppsem t5u a ymbe pcicce pehpc epc on Sa ilcan pppsece. fe fu sep ppsece^ -j poplsecpc epc Sa sep t5u hi geenbob habbe.' •] pehpC on uncufe. py ic nac nu^" hpsec pu pile. CCe fine]? f Su hpeppe]C ymbucon^^ pume punbephce ^ pelbcufe pppsece. ymbe fa anpealbneppe fape jobcunbneppe. Ic jeman'* ^ pu me sep pehcepc pum punbophc ppeU. be Sam fa 8u me pehcepc f hiC psepe call an gepEelf a ■] ^ hehpCe job. 3 cpaebe ^ t5a gepseljja paepon^* on Sam" hehpCan jobe^* psepce. -j f hehpCe 50b paspe Iiob pelp.-'* ■] he psepe puU selcpe jepseljie. anb pu cpaebe f selc jepselig mon paepe Dob. ] epC tJu paebejc f Eobep jobnepp^' -J hip jepashgnepp 3 he pelp paec f paep.e^* eall an. ■] f ponne paepe pe hehpCa 50b. 3 Co faem gobe ealle fa gepceapCa pmbiap Se heopa jecynb healbaf. -j pilniaf f hi}^ Co cumen. •} eac tSu peebepc f Ce Iiob peolbe"" eallpahipgepceapCa mib fam^^ pceoppofpe^^ hip gobneppe.^' ^ eac paebepc f ealle^* jepceapca hiopa ajnum piUum imgenebbe him psepon^' unbepfeobbe.^^ •] nu on lapc fu j-aebepc'''' f ypel naepe nauhc. ^ eall tSip pu je- pehcepC CO pofe ppife jepceabpiphce bucon aelcpe leappe pae- belpan. Da cpaef he. Du paebepc aep f ic f e bpealbe.''' Ac me ' Bod. piS gij SeE. 2 Cott. noenne. ' Bod. psejie. ' "enis, deest in MS. Bod. " Cott. meahce. ^ Cott. bpelle ^ byb-pe. ' Cott. Isebj-c me hibpep ^ Jubpej-. » J>e Jju aep fpaece, desunt in MS. Bod. 9 Cott. hsebbe '» nu, deest in MS. Cott, " Cott. ymbe uEan. " Bod. Senam. " Cott. paepen. " Cott. >aem. '= Cott. goobe. " Cott. Soob psepe tob. " Cott. Soobej-. " Bod. f'^he psepe. '» Cott, hy. 2» Cott. piolbe. ^i Cott. ))Bem. '' Qott. ptioppotSpe. ^a Cotj^ Soobnepre. =' Cott. ealla. 25 Cott. psepen. '^ Cott. uubep>iobbe. ^J Cott. psebep "' Bod. 1> te bpelobe. § V. BOETHITTS. 165 covered wbat we before sougbt. I think, however, if we again strike our words together, there may spring out some spark of truth of those things which we have not yet ob- served. Then said I: Do as thou wilt. Then said he: No man doubts that God is so mighty that he is able to work whatsoever he will. Then said I : No man doubts this, who knows anything. Then said he : Does any man think that there is aught which God cannot do ? Then said I : I know that there is nothing which he cannot do. Then said he : Dost thou imagine that he can do any evil ? Then said I : I know that he cannot. Then said he : Thou sayest truly, for it is nothing. If evil were anything, then could God do it. Therefore it is nothing. Then said I : Methinks thou misleadest and deludest me, as any one does a child : thou leadest me hither and thither in so thick a wood ttiat I cannot find the way out. Eor thou always, on account of some small matter, betakest thyself to the same argument that thou before wert speaking of, and again leavest that before thou hast ended it, and beginnest a fresh one. There- fore I knt)w not what thou wouldest. Methinks thou re- volvest about some wonderful and extraordinary argument concerning the oneness of the divine nature. I remember that thou formerly madest to me a wonderful speech, wherein thou toldest me that it was all one, happiness and the highest good : and saidst that the felicities were fixed in the highest good, and the highest good was God himself, and he was full of all happiness. And thou saidst that every happy man was a God ! And again thou saidst, that God's goodness, and his happiness, and himself, that this was all one, and was, consequently,' the highest good; and to this good all crea- tures which retain their nature tend, and are desirous to come. And moreover thou saidst, that God governed all his creatures with the rudder of his goodness; and also saidst, that all creatures of their own will, uncompelled, were subject to him. And now, at last, thou saidst that evil was nothing ! And all this thou hast proved for truth very rationally, without any ambiguity. Then said he: Thou 166 BOETHItrS. CHAP. XXXT. fmcf j-elpim f ic fe nauht ne fepelobe.^ ac ]-sebe «e j-pife lang jT)ell 3 pun&ojilic j-pife^ jej-ceablice be Sam Eo&e 8e pit unc je- FJTin tosebsebom. ■] nu jet^ ic teohlue f ic Se hpat hpeju* uncujjep gejiccce be paro ilcan Eobe. piC ip gecynb Ssejie 50b- eunbneppe f hio mseg beon tmgemengeb piS opjie" jepceapca. buBon opepfia jepceapta pulcmne. ppa ppa nan ofeji gepceapc ne mseg. ne mseg nan ofep'^ jepceapc be him pelpun bion. ppa ppa 510'' Papmembep pe pceop jebbobe^ anb cpsej>. 8e selmihcisa^ Cob ip eallpa Smja peccenb -J he ana unapenbenbhc^" punia]>. ^ eallpa Sapa apenbenbhepa" pelc. Fop]j8emSun.e SeappC nauhc ppife punbpi^an t5eah pe ppipian'^ aapcep «am" f e pe onjunnon. ppa mib l»p popba. ppamibma. ppsefeppe hic gepeccan majon. Deah pe nu ycxAon maneja •] mipdicei* bipna anb bippell peccan. Seah hanjaj) upe e msej jepeon. Sone hluCCpan apeUm. Saep hehpCan Jobep. 3 op him pelfum. apeoppan mseg. Sa Sioptpo hip ODobep. p'e pculon gee op ealbum leapnm ppeUum Se pum bippeU peccan. piC ge- . lamp 510. pee an heappepe. psep on Sape Jjeobe.^^ fe Thpacia hatce. pio paep on Epeca pice, pe heappepe pap ppife. unje- ppseglice job.^^ fsep namapsepOppeup. he haspbe an ppife asnhe pip. pio paep haten Gupybice. fa onjann^^ monn pecgan. be fam heappepe. f he mihce heappian f pe puba^^ pagobe. •] Sa pcanap ' Boet. lib. iii. metrum 12. — Felix qui potuit boni, &c. ' Cott. bpelle. ' Cott. ^ jyite. = Cott. Jiet. * Cott. hpupi. » Cott. otpa. ^ Cott. otpu. ' SIC, deest in MS. Cott. s Cott. gibbobe. '" Cott. a&lmihteSa. '» Cott. unanpenbenblic. '' Cott. et Bod. anpeubenbhcpa. ^^ Cott. ypyjaen. " Cott. J>a&m. 1* Cott. mirlica. i« Cott. no. "^ Cott. bijTia. " Cott. on Jia bij-pel. " Cott. jroptssm )>e. '' Cott. becnan. ^ Bod. gehepenbon. '^i Cott. pyhce. 22 Cott. :^ Ce. 23 Cott. recgan. '* Cott. Seheji. ^s Cott. hiobe. =« Cott. Soob. 27 Cott. onsen. 2» Cott. pubu. § TI- BOETHITTS. 167 saidst just now that I deceived thee ; but methinks that I have not deceived thee, but have stated to thee a very long and wonderful argument, very rationally, concerning that God to whom we some time ago prayed : and I still intend to teach thee something unfcaovm concerning the same God. It is the nature of the divinity, to be able to exist unmixed with other beings, without the help of other beings, in such a way as nothing else is capable of. No other thing is able to exist of itself. Thus formerly Parmenides the poet sung, and said : The Almighty God is ruler of all things, and he alone remains unchangeable, and governs all changeable things. Therefore thou needest not greatly wonder, when we are inquiring concerning what we have begun, whether we may prove it with fewer words, or with more. Though we should produce many and various examples and fables, yet our mind always hangs on that which we are inquiring after. We do not betake ourselves to examples and fables, for love of fictitious speeches, but because we desire therewith to point out the truth, and desire that it may be useful to the hearers. I called to mind just now some instructions of the wise Plato, how he said that the man who would relate a fable, should not choose a fable unlike the subject of his discourse. But hear now patiently what I shall further say, though it formerly appeared to thee unprofitable, whether the end may better please thee. § VI. He began then to sing, and said : Happy is the man who can behold the clear fountain of the highest good, and can put away from himself the darkness of his mind ! We will now from old febles relate to thee a story. It happened for- merly that there was a harper in the country called Tlirace, which was in Greece. The harper was inconceivably good. His name was Orpheus. He had a very excellent wife, who was called Eurydice. Then began men to say concerning the harper, that he could harp so that the wood moved, and the 168. BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXXT. hi ]-type&on.^ pop Jiam j^ese. 3 pilb beop? f aep polfaon fed ipnan. •J j-canbon.' jT^ilce hi came* paepon. j-pa pcille. Seah hi men. oStSe hunba)-. piji eobon. f hi hi na ne onpcunebon. Sa j-sebon hi. f 'Ssey heappepep pip. pceolbe acpelan. ;] hipe paple. mon pceolbe. Isebon^ to helle. t5a pceolbe pe heappepe. peopfan ppa papij. f he ne mihce. on gemong ofpum mannum bion. ac ceah to puba. -j paec on fsem muntura. ssjjiep ge bss^ey. ge nihtep. peop 3 heappobe. p fa pubap bipobon. 3 ^a ea ptobon. ■] nan heopt. ne onpcunobe. nssnne leon. ne nan hapa. naenne hunb. ne nan neat, nypte naenne anban. ne naenne ege. to oppum. pop fsepe miphte^ t5ae)' ponep. Da Saem heappepe fa puhte. 'p hine pa.^ nanep tSingep ne lypte on tJippe populbe. Sa jjohte he. f he polbe jepecan. helle Eobu.® ^ ongmnan hull, oleccan mib hip heapepan. -j bibban f. hi him ageapan.^ ept hip pip. Da he fa ^ibep com. fa pceolbe cuman. f sepe helle hunb. ongean hine. f aep nama paep Eepuepup.^" pe pceolbe habban. fpio heapbu. 3 ongan paegeman.'^ mib hip pteopte. ] plegian^^ jif hme. pop hip heappunga.jDa pap tSaep eac. ppifeegeplic geac- peapb. Saep nama pceolbe beon^^ Eapon. pe haepbe eac Spio heapbu. -j pe^* paep ppife opealb. Da ongan-'* Se^^' heappepe. hme bibban. f he hme gemunbbypbe. pa hpile Se he f aep paepe. "2 hme gepunbne. ept fanon bpohte. Sa gehet he him f. pop- f aem he paep oplypt.-'^ 'Saep pelbcuf an ponep. Da eobe he pupf op of he gemette."^^ t5a gpaman Elybena.'' t5e polcipce men. hataf • Papcap. 8a hi pecgaf . f on nanum men. nyton nane ape. ac selcum menn. ppecan^" be hip gepyphtum. Sa hi pecgaf. f pealban.^* aelcep monnep pypbe. Sa ongann^^ he bibban. hiopa^' miltpe.^* fa ongunnon hi pepan mib him. Da eobe he^' pp- f op.^^ -J him upnon ealle hellpapan ongean. ^ laebbon hme. to hiopa cyninge.^' ^ ongunnon ealle pppecan mib him. T bibban 5Saep f e he baeb. Anb f unptille hpeol. tSe Ixion ysdf^ to ge- bunben. Laiuta^^ cynmg pop hip pcylbe. f ofptob. pop hip heappunga. Anb Tantalup pe cynmg. tie on f ippe populbe. un- ' Bod. hijise&on. 2 Cott. jnlfau bioji. ' Cott. ptonban. * Cott. eamu. 5 Cott. Iffiban. « Cott. meps)>e. ' J>a, deest in MS. Cott. 8 Bod. satu. » Cott. asejran. ■» Bod. Spuepnur. Cott. tejHiejiue- jiur- " Cott. onj:a;Sniaii. 12 Bod. pleigan. " Cott. bion. '* j-e, deest in MS. Cott. '^ Cott. ongon. 10 Cott. j-e. " Bod. onlypc. " Cott. metEe. " Cott. mettena. '» Cott. ppecen. 21 Cott. palbeu. '^ Cott. onSon. ^ Cott. heopa. " Cott. blij-j-e. '^ Bod. hi. ^s Cott. Tujijjup. " Cott. cinmnse. 2» jjKp, deest in MS. Bod. ss Cott. Eeuica. § TI. BOETHirS. 169 stones stirred themselves at the sound, and wild beasts would run thereto, and stand as if they were tame ; so still, that though men or hounds pursued them, they shunned them not. Then said they, that the harper's wife should die, and her soul should be led to hell. Then should the harper be- come so sorrowful that he could not remain among other men, but frequented the wood, and sat on the mountains, both day and night, weeping and harping, so that the woods shook, and the rivers stood still, and no hart shunned any lion nor hare any hound ; nor did cattle know any hatred, or any fear of others, for the pleasure of the sound. Then it seemed to the harper that nothing in this world pleased him. Then thought he that he would seek the gods of hell, and endeavour to allure them with his harp, and pray that they would give him back his wife. When he came thither, then should there come towards him the dog of hell, whose name was Cerberus ; he should have three heads, and began to wag his tail^ and play with him for his harping. Then was there also a very horrible gatekeeper, whose name should be Charon. He had also three heads, and he was very old. Then began the harper to beseech him that he would protect him while he was there, and bring him thence again safe. Then did he promise that to him, because he was desirous of the unac- customed sound. Then went he farther, until he met the fierce goddesses, whom the common people call Parcse, of whom they say, that they know no respect for any man, but punish every man according to his deeds ; and of whom they say, that they control every man's fortune. Then began he to implore their mercy. Then began they to weep with him. Then went he farther, and all the inhabitants of hell ran towards him, and led him to their king ; and all began to speak with him, and to pray that which he prayed. Aid the restless wheel which Ixion the king of the Lapithse was bound to for his guilt ; that stood still for his harping. And Tantalus the king, who in this world was immoderately 170 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXTI. jemetlice Jippe paaj-. ■] Iiim fasp f ilce. yj:el fylijbe.' jjsej- r jifepnej-pe. he jej-Cilbe. Anb pe Uulcop.^ j-ceolbe poplsetanT"^ he ne j-lat. fa hppe Tytiej-. tSaej- cyninjej-.^ Jje hine aep. mib fy picnobe. Aib eall hellfapa. pitu ^ercilbon. fa hpile tSe he be- fopan fam cyninge heappobe. Da he fa lanje. ■] lanje heap- pobe. fa ehpobe.* j-e hellpapana cyninj. ■] cpasf . Ucon^ agipan. fsem epne hjf pip. popfam^ he hi. haepf geeapnob.'^ mib hip heappunja. Bebeab him Sa. tSaet he geapa pipte.^ f he' hme nasppe. unbepbsec ne bepape. piff an-"^" he f ononpeapb'' paspe. 3 paebe. jip he hine unbepbsec bepape. ^, hepceolbe. poplaeEan faeC pip. Ac Sa lupe mon msej ppif e uneaf e. oSSe na^^ popbeoban. pila pei,i^ hpaet Oppeup fa. Isebbe hip pip mib him. off ehe com. on f gemsepe. leohcep 3 f eopCpo. fa eobe f pip aepCep him. ga he popf 1* on f leohc com. 8a bepeah he hme unbepbsec. pif Saep pipep. fa lopebe^' heo''^ him pona. Dap leapan'' ppell. Isepaf gehpilcne man. f apa f e pilnaf . helle fiopcpa.'* Co phonne. ;] Co f Sep pof ep.'^ gobep hohce. Co cumenne^" f he hme ne bepo. Co hip ealbum^i ypelnm. ppa '^ he hi epc. ppa puUice pullppemme. )-pa he hi »p bybe. popf am^^ ppa hpa ppa. mib ptJlon^' pillan. hip CDob penc. Co ha, yplum. fehe aeppofdeC. 3 hi Sonne pulppemef. anb he him f onne. pulhce hciaf . ■] he hi nseppe. poplaecan ne f encf . fonne poplypc he. eall hip seppan gob.^* bucon he hic epc gebece : • pep enbaS nu. peo %ibbe boc Boeciep. anb on- Sinf peopeopfe:. CAPUT XXXVI.^ § I. DS pe fipbom «a f ip leof j-pif e lupcbasplice ^ gepceab- piphce apungen haspbe. fa haspbe ic fa ■^et^ hpaec^s hpega^' ge- mynb on minrnn 03obe f sepe unpocneppe f e ic sep hsepbe. ;] cpsef . eala f ipbom. f u f e eapc boba anb poppynel''* ^sey pof an leohcep. hu punboplic me Sincf ^ ■^ f u me pecpc. popf sem ic 1=; Boet. lib. iy. proea 1.— Haac cum PhilosopMa digriitate, &c. iCott. plgbe. 2 cott. uit-ojj^ 'Bod. cynms. » Cott. cleopobe. 5 Cott. puton. « Cott. popJ>8em. ' Cott. Jeeapnab. » Cott. geane pippe. » he, deest in MS. Bod. et Cott. i» Bod. fop)>am. » Cott. Jjonanpeapb. 12 o'5>e na, desunt in MS. Bod. is Cott. peila pel. " Cott. pup>iun. 15 Cott. lopabe. 16 Cott. hio. " leapan, deest in MS. Cott. 1' Cott. J.iortpo. »^ Cott. po >an. 20 Cott. cumanne. 21 Cott. ealban. 22 Cott_ pop>»in. 23 Cott. pulle. 2* Cott. goob. "Cott. Siefc. 2» Cott. hpylc. " Cott. hpuju. 2' Cott. popepynel. § I. BOETHITJS. 171 greedy, and 'vrhom that same vice of greediness followed there ; he became quiet. And the vulture should cease, so that he tore not the liver of Tityus the king, which before therewith tormented him. And all the punishments of the inhabitants of hell were suspended, whilst he harped before the king. When he long and long had harped, then spoke the king of the inhabitants of hell, and said : Let us give the man his wife, for he has earned her by his harping. He then commanded him that he should well observe that he never looked backwards after he departed thence, and said, if he looked backwards, that he should lose the woman. But men can with great difficulty, if at all, restrain love ! Well- away! what! Orpheus then led his wife with him till he came to the boundary of light and darkness. Then went his wife after him. When he came forth into the light, then looked he behind his back towards the woman. Then was she immediately lost to him. This fable teaches every man who desires to fly the darkness of hell, and to come to the light of the true good, that he look not about him to his old vices, so that he practise them again as fully as he did before. For whosoever with full will turns his mind to the vices, which he had before forsaken, and practises them, and they then fully please him, and he never thinks of forsaking them : then loses he all his former good, unless he again amend it ! Here ends the third book of Boethius, and begins the fourth. CHAPTEE XXXVI. § I. When Wisdom had very delightfully and wisely sung this lay, then had I as yet some little remembrance in my mind of the sorrow which I formerly had, and said : O Wisdom, thou who art the messenger and forerunner of the true light, how wonderful does that appear to me which thou 172 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XXITI. ongice Jjsecce call f Su me sep peahcej*c me peahce' Eob Suph fe. 3 ic hic pij-ce^ eac seji be pimum bsele. ac me haefbe fioj- unpocnej- ameppebne. f ic hic hsepbe mib ealle ppgicen. 3 f !)■ eac mmpe unpocnej-j-e j-e msej-Ca bsel. ^ ic punbpije fophpy j-e goba' Etob laete semj yfel beon.* oStSe jip hit feah bion^ j-cyle. ■] he hit jefapan pile. j:op hpy he hic Sonne' ]-ona ne ppecce.' ppasc fu mihc^ %e j-elp onjitan ip ^ ij- Co punbpianne. ■] eac ojjep Smj.' me pmcp jec^" mape punbop. "p ip ^ ce bypi" ;3 unpihcpipnep nupicpaf opep ealne'^ mibban eapb. ^ pe f'lpbom "2 eac ofpe epsepCap nsebbajj nan lop ne nsenne peopjjpcipe on Sippe populbe. ac licgaf poppepene ppa ppa meox'^^ unbep pelcune. "} ypele men on aslcum lanbe pmbon nu pypfe. •] '6a goban habbaf mamjpealb pitu. ppa mseg popbsepan 'f he ^ ne j'lopije 3 ppylcpe psepte ne punbpije. f ce seppe ppylc ypel jepypfan pceolbe unbep Sap aelmihcigan Eobep anpealbe. nu pe piCon ■p he hit pac. ;] selc job^* pile. Da cpsef he. Eip hiC j-pa ip ppa tSu pejpc. ^onne ip fsec ejephcpe Sonne semg ofep bpoja. •] ip enbeleap punbop. Sam" gehcopc Jie on pumep cynmjep hipebe pien jylbenu paCu ■] pylppenu^^ poppepen. 3 Cpeopenu mon peoppije. pic nip no" ppa ppa fu penpc. ac jip Su eall f ge- munan pile f pe sep pppsecon. mib Saep Eobep pulcume. Se pe nu ymbe^' j-ppecaf. Sonne miht'^ f u onjiCan f fa goban biof^" pimle pealbenbe. -j fa ypelan nabba]) nsenne anpealb.^^ ^ f Sa cpsapcap ne biof nseppe buton hepmje. ne bucon ebleane. ne fa unfeapap nseppe ne biof unpicnobe. Ac fa joban^^ biof pimle jepselige. ^ fa ypelan unjepsehje. Ic Se maeg eopian Seep ppife manega bipna^^ p^ Se majon getpymian.^* to fam^' f fu napt hp»c fu Isenj piopije. Ac ic Se piUe nu jiec getaecan ■ Sone pes f e Se jelsec Co f aepe heopenlican bypig. Se fu sep op come. piSSan fu onjicpc fuph mine lape hpsac pio pof e jep»lf bif . -J hpsep hio bif . Ac ic pceal aepejc Sin ClOofa gepif epian.^^ f hic m»5e hic f y ef up ahebban sap Son hic pleojan onjinne on Sa heahneppe. f hic maaje hal -j oppopj pleojan co hip eapbe. ] poplaecan selce f apa gebpepebneppa Se hiC nu f popaf . iBod.mihte. 2 Cott. pijrpe- ' Cott. gooba. * Cott. bion. = bion, deest in MS. Bod. « Jjonne, deest in MS. Cott. ' Cott. pnece. 8 Cott. meaht. » Cott. hnes. 1° Cott. jies. " Cott. byni. "2 Cott. eaUne. " Cott. miox. " Cott. Soob. >= Cott. J>!em. '« Cott. relnienu. " Cott. Nir hic no. " Cott. embe. " Cott. meaht. 21 Cott. beo«. " Cott. anpalb. 22 Cott. sooban. 23 Cott. birena. 2t Bod. sespymigan. " Cott. eo }.on. =« Cott. Sej:eJ>epan. § I. BOETHira. 173 declaiest to me ! Therefore I am persuaded that all whicli thou, before saidst to me, God said to me through thee! And I also knew it before in some measure ; but this sorrow had distracted me, so that I had entirely forgotten it. And this, besides, is the chief part of my unhappiness, that I wonder why the good God should suffer any evil to exist : or, if it yet must exist, and he wills to permit it, why he then does not speedily punish it. Indeed, thou mayest thyself know that this is to be wondered at. And also another thing seems to me even a greater wonder, that is, that folly and wickedness now reign over all the middle-earth, and wisdom and also other virtues have no praise nor any honour in this world, but lie despised like dirt on a dunghUl : and in every land vricked meiii are now honoured, and the good have manifold punishments. Who can forbear lamenting and won- dering at such a marvel, that ever such evil should take place under the government of Almighty God, when we know that he sees it, and wills all good. Then said he : If it is as thou sayest, then is this more dreadful than any other prodigy, and ' is endless wonder : most like to this, that in a king's court gold and silver vessels should be despised, and men should esteem wooden ones. It is not as thou supposest. But if thou wilt call to mind all that which we have before said, then, with the help of God, concerning whom we are now speaking, thou wilt be able to understand that the good are always powerful, and the wicked have no power ; and that virtues are never without praise or without reward, nor are vices ever unpunished ; but the good are always happy, and the wicked unhappy. I can show thee very many examples of this which may encourage thee, so that thou mayest not know what thou any longer shouldest lament. But I will now teach thee the way which will lead thee to the heavenly city, whence thou formerly earnest, since thou knowest through my instruction what the true happiness is, and where it is. But I must first give wings to thy mind, that it may the sooner raise itself up, before it begins to fly on high ; in order that it may, sound and untroubled, fly to its native country, and leave behind it everyone of the troubles 174 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXTI. ficte him on mmum hpaebpsene. focpije him on mmne peg. ic bio hi)- lacpiop : . '^ § II.' Da pe J7ipbom fa SipppeU apeht^ hap&e. fa onjann he efC pinjan -j cpsef. Ic hsebbe ppife ppifCe pefepa. f ic m»5 piiojan opep Sone hean hpop fsep heoponep. Ac faep ic nu mojce fin CDob jepif epijan mib f am pif epum. f f u mihcepc mib me pliogan. f onne mihc Su opeppion eaUe f ap eopflican f mj. dp f u mihcepc ^e plion opep f am pobope. tSonne mihtept f u gepon fa polcnu unbep f e. ■j mihtepc f e phojan opep f am pype f e ip becpux f am pobope ■] f aspe lypCe. ^-mihtepc f e pepan mib f sepe punnan becpyx fam Cungliom. ^ iSonne peopf an on fam pobope. •j pit5San Co fam cealban ptioppan fe pe haCaf Sacupnep pceoppa. pe ip eaU ipig. pe panbpaf opep of pum pceop- pum upop Sonne aenij of ep cunjol. piSSon f u tSonne popf opep f one bipc ahepob. Sonne bipc f u bnpan Sam ppipCan pobope. -j laetpc f onne behmban fe f one hehpCanheopon. piSSan Su mihc habban Smne b»l Ssep pof an leohcep. f »p picpaf an cynmj pe hsepf anpealb eallpa ofpa cynmja. pe gemeCjaf Sone bpibel. ] f pealblef ep eaUep ymbhpeoppCep heopenep ~j eopfan. pe an bema ip geptseff ij ^ beophc. pe ptiopf fam hpaebpaene eallpa gepceapca. Ac jip f u seppe cympt on f one peg ■] Co Saepe pcope f e Su nu geoc popgicen happc. f onne pile f u cpef an. Dip ip min pihc efel. hionan ic pap aep cumen. ■] hionon ic pap acenneb. hep ic piEe nu pCanbanpsepce. nelle ic nu nseppe hionoil. Icpac f eah gip Se seppe gepypf f f u pile oSSe mopc epc punbian f apa fiopcpa Sippe populbe. f onne gepihpc Su nu fa unpjhcpipan cyninja ■] ealle fa opepmoban pican bion ppif e unmihcige -] ppife eapme ppeccan. fa ilcan Se fip eapme pole nu heapbopc onbpsec : • § III.™ Da cpaef ic' eala fipbom. micel ip '^ ■] punboplic f fu 5eh»CpC. -j ic eac nauhc ne Cpeoje Sac Su hic maege ge- laepcan. Ac ic f e halpige f f u me no leng ne lecce.* ac gecsec me f one peg. popf »m fu mihc ongican f me lypc f sep pegep. Da cpaef he. Du pcealc aepepc ongican f fa goban habbaf pymle anpealb. anb fa ypelan nseppe nsenne. ne nsenne cpsepC. pop- f am hiopa nan ne ongiC f Ce. gob^ -j ypel biof pmle gepinnan. 1 Boet. lib. iv. metrtim 1. — Sunt etenim pennse volucres, &c. ■" Boet. lib. iv. prosa 2. — Turn ego, Fapse, inquatn, &c. 1 Cott. lab>eop. ^ Cott. apealiE. s ic, deest in MS. Cott. * Bod. Itebe. = Cott. Soob. § II. III. B0ETHIT7S. 175 wliich it now endures. Let it sit in my chariot, and be con- ducted in my path ; I will be its guide. § II. "When Wisdom had ended this speech, then began he again to sing, and said : I have very swift wings, so that I can fly over the high roof of heaven. But I must furnish thy mind with wings, that thou mayest fly with me : then raayeat thou look down upon all these earthly things. When thou art able to fly over the sky, thou mayest behold the clouds under thee, and mayest fly over the fire which is between the sky and the air ; and mayest go with the sun between the stars, and then be in the sky, and afterwards near the cold star which we call Saturn's star. It is all icy. It wanders above other stars, higher than any other heavenly body. After thou art elevated far above it, then wilt thou be above the swift sky, and wilt leave behind thee the highest heaven. After this thou mayest have thy portion of the true light. There reigns one king who has power over all other kings. He regulates the bridle and the rein of aU the circuit of heaven and earth. The only judge is steadfast and bright. He directs the chariot of all creatures. But if thou ever comest into the path, and to the place which thou hast now forgotten, then wilt thou say : This is my proper country : hence I formerly came, and hence was I horn : here I wiU. now stand fast ; I will never yo hence ! But, I wot, if it ever happen to thee that thou wilt or must again explore the darkness of this world, then wilt thou observe unjust kings, and all the proud rich, to be very feeble, and very wretched exiles : the same whom this miserable people now most dreads ! § III. Then said I : O Wisdom, great is that and won- derful which thou dost promise, and I, moreover, doubt not that thou canst perform it ! But I beseech thee that thou wonldest not any longer hinder me, but teach me the way, for thou mayest perceive that I am desirous of the way. Then said he : Thou must first understand that the good always have power, and the wicked never have any, nor any ability ; for none of them comprehends that good and evil are always 176 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXXVI. jij: fa goban'^ tSonne pmle habbap anpealb.^ fonne nabbajj fa ypelan naeppe naenne. popfam' 'p job anb f ypel pnc j-pif>e un- j-amppaebe. Ac ic Se polbe %&:* be sejfpum Sapa hp»c hpega* ppeocolop jepeccan. f Su maeje f y bee gelypan* Se ic fe ofpe hpile pecce be fam'' ofpum. ofpe hpile be Jjam^ o8piiin. Tpa ^ing pinbon pe aelcep monnep mjefanc^ topinbaj). ^ ip Jonne piUa ■] anpealb.'** jip Sonne hpaem papa Cpeja hpaafepep" pana hip. Sonne ne maj he mibfami^ ofpum nan puhc ppemman.i' popfam^* nan nyle onjinnan f f he nele.^^ buCon he nebe'^ pcyle. -J feah he eall pdle. he ne mseg. gip he faep finjep an- pealb'' nsepf. be feem fu mihc^' ppeoCole onjitan. jip f u aanine'^ mon jepihpt pillnian^" Ji»p fe he naepp. f fam bif anpealb pana.^' Da cpaej) ic. Dset ip pof. ne msej ic paap oppacan. Da cpaeji he. Eip J)u Jjonne hp»ne^^ gepihpc^' fe msej bon 'p ■^ he bon pile, ne fe Sonne nauhc ne Cpeop •p pe hsebbe anpealb. Da cpsef IC. Ne tpeop me pap nauhc. Da cpaep he. .^Ic mon bij> pealbenb Jjsep pe he pelc. naepp he nanne anpealb psep pe he ne pelc. Da cpap ic. Dsep ic eom gepapa. Da cpsep he. Ppsepep pu nu get^* mseje gemunan f ic pe aep pehce.^^ f ya.y 'p ce selcep monnep mgepanc pilnap to psepe popan jepaelpe Co cumenne.^* Seah he ungelice hiopa eapnije.^' Da cpaep ic. Dsec ic jeman. jenog ppeocole me ip f '^eifsib. Da cpaep he. Eemunpc pu f ic pe »p^^ psebe f hi'c peepe eall an job^' ■] jepselpa. pe pe jepaelpa pecS. he peep job.^" Da cpaep ic. Ic hsabbe genoj pepce on je- mynbe. Da cpaep he. 6alle men ge gobe^^ ge ypele pilniap to cumanne Co gobe.^^ peah hi hip mipclice^' pillnigen.^* Da cpaep IC Dac ip pop f pu pegpc. Da cpap he. Eenog ppeocol ^ ip ' i Ce pop py pinC gobemengobe.^' Se hi gob'^ gemecajj. Da cpap ic. Eenog open hic ip. Da cpaep he. Da goban'' begicap • > gob'' f hi piUniap. Da cpaep ic. Spa me pincp. . Da cpap he. Da I Cott. gooban. ' Cott. anpalb. ^ Cott. fopJJBem. * Cott. gies. » Cott. hpusu. 8 Cott. selejan. ' Cott. Jjaem. « Cott. Jsaem. o Cott. insejionc. " Cott. anpalb. " Cott. hpaelSpep. '2 Cott. J)sem. " Cott. piUpjiemman. " Cott. pophaem. " Cott. nyle. >« Bod. ne. " Cott. anpalb. " Cott. meahc. « Cott. senigne. ™ Cott. pilman. 2> Cott. an palbej- pana. '' Cott. hpone. 23 Bo,j_ gepihe. -* Cott. Siet. 2' Cott. peahSe. ^6 Cott. cumanne. " Cott. eapmen. 2» sep, deest in MS. Cott. '^ Cott. soob. =» Cott. soob. ^i Cott. goob. 32 Cott. soob. " Cott. miplice. " Cott. pilmen. ss Cott. Soobe. =8 Bod. gobe. " Cott. sooban. »» Cott. goob. § III. BOETHirS. 177 enemies. If, therefore, the good always have power, then the wicked never have any, because good and evil are very incon- gruous. But I would inform thee somewhat more distinctly concerning each of them, that thou mayest the better believe what I shall sometimes tell thee concerning the one, and some- times concerning the other. There are two things which every man's intention requires, that is, wiU and power. If, there- fore, there is to any man a deficiency of either of the two, he cannot with the other effect anything. For no one will un- dertake what he is unwilling to do, unless he needs must : and though he fully wills he cannot perform it, if he has not power of that thing. Hence thou mayest clearly know, when thou seest any man desirous of that which he has not, that to him power is wanting. Then said I : That is true : I cannot deny it. Then said he : But if thou seest any one who can do what he desires to do, then there is no doubt to thee that he has power. Then said I : I have no doubt of it. Then said he : Every man is powerful so far as he exercises power : he has no power when he does not exercise power. Then said I : Of that I am convinefid. Then said he : Canst thou now call to mind what I before told thee, that is, that the mind of every man desires to arrive at the true happiness, though they pursue it differently ? Then said I : That I remember ; it is clearly enough proved to me. Then said he : Dost thou remember that I before said to thee, that it was all one, good and happi- ness ? He who seeks happiness seeks good. Then said I : I have it sufficiently fixed in my memory. Then said he : All men, both good and evil, desire to come to good, though they desire it variously. Then said I : That is true which thou sayest. Then said he : It is sufficiently evident that good men are good because they find good. Then said I : It is evident enough. Then said he : The good obtain the good which they desire. Then said I : So methinks. Then said he : The wicked would not be wicked if they found the good 17& BOETHirS. CHAP. 2XXVI. ypelan aD&pon ma^ ypele. gij: hi gwneCan f gob^ '^ hi piliiiajj. ac fop fy hi )-inC ypele pe^ hi hiC ne gemecaf.* ■] pop ]jy hi hic ne gemeca]).^ Se hi hic on pihc ne pecaf. ©a cpsef ic. Spa hiC ip ppa S.U pejpc. Da cpsaf he. FopfEem hit ip nan tpeo f fa goban' bio]) paalepalbeiibe. 3 pa ypelan nabbajj nsenne anpealbj pop f y Sa goban^ ^ 50b on pihc pecaf. T Sa ypelan on poh. Da cp»f ic. 8e fe fsnp f ]>if pof ne pie.* tSonne ne selep})!" he, nanep pojiep;- § IV."^ Da cpae}> he. ppaefep penpc ]m nu. gip tpejen men pmnbiaj) Co anpe pcope. 3 habbaf emn micelne pillan Co Co cumenne. 3 ofep haep]) hip poCa anpealb f he m%g jan fseji he pile" ppa ppa eeiUum monnum jecynbe paepe f hi mihcon.-"^^ ofep nsepj) hip poca gepealb f he maege Jan. ■] pilnaf feah Co papenne.i^ ~j ongmf cpypan^* on Sone ilcan peg. hpsefiep Sapa cpegpa'^ fincf ]>& mihcigpa.^^ Da cpae}) ic. Nip f gelic. pe bij) mihcijpa pe t5e jaef. Jjonne pe ]>e cpypf." pop- fam^^ he maeg cuman ef J^ibep'^ Se he pile Sonne pe ofep. pege^" ellep f 55u piUe. ^ pajc selc man.^^ Da cpaef he. Spa gelice^^ beop' fam ^obum^* -^ Sam^° yp elum. ssgf aep hiopa^^ pilnap pop gecynbe Jjsec he cume Co paili hehpcan gobe. Ac pe goba msej ciaman Jjybep he pilnap. popfam he hip on pihc pilnaj). 3 pe ypda ne maeg cuman Co pam^' fe he pdna]). pop- fam he hiC on poh^* pecj>. Ic nac feaih J>6 ellep hpsec Since. Da epaef ic. Ne ]7inc)) me nauhc oJ>pep op Jjinum ppellnm. Da cpaejj he, lienog pyhce ]ru hiC ongicpc. -\ f ip eac Caen Sinpe bsele.^" ppa ppa Iseca gepuma ip f he cpejjaf Soime hio peocne'" mon ge- pioj). gep he hpelc^'' unpsegkc^^ cacai him on gepeof. me ]>inc]> nu f pm gecynb ■] Sm gepuna plice ppife ppij>hce pif S%m bypige:- § Y." Ic habbe nu ongicen f Su eapc geapo Co ongiiCanne mine lape.^' fmpiTjif ic pe polbe gegaebepigan mamgu ppell •) " Boet. lib. iv. proaa 2. — Eursus inquit : Si dno sint, &c. Boet. lib. iv. prosa 2. — Sed quoniam te ad intelligendum, &c. > Cott. no. ' Cott. goob. 3 Bod. % < Cott. meta'S. = Cott. metatS. » Cott. Sooban. ' Cott. anpalb. «- Cott. sooban. » Cott. 8e >e ne pen* -p hy po^ pe. " Cott. gelyp^. , " tsap he pile, desimt in MS. Bod. 12 Cott. meahten. is Cott. jrepanne. " Cott. cpeopan. " Cott. tpega. '» Cott. mehtaSpa. " Cott. cpiep«. " Cott. popl>8em. " Cott. >ybep. "• Cott. paga. 21 Cott. men. '' Cott. ilce. 2^ Cott. bi«. « Cott. Soq;bum. 2= Cott. >Bm. 26 Cott. heopa. 27 Cott. J>»m. 28 Cott. pog. 29 Cott jjj^io 30 Cott. he piocne. 3> Cott. hi hpilc, 32 Cott. ungepseghc. " Cott. mma lapa. § IV. V. BOETHIUS. 179 whieh they desire ; but tlaey are wicked because ibej do not find it, and tbey do not find it because tbey do not seek it rightly. Then said I : So it is as thou sayest. Then said he : Therefore there is no doubt that the good are always powerful, and the wicked have no power, because the good seek good rightly, and the wicked wrongly. Then said I : He who thinks that this is not true, then believes he no truth. § IV. Then said he: Whether dost thou think ? if two men are going to one place, and have equally great desire to arrive there, and one has the use of his feet, so that he may go where he will, as it were natural to all men that they could ; and the other has not the use of his feet that he can go, and yet is desirous to go, and begins to creep the same way, whether of the two dost thou think the more powerful ? Then said I : There is no comparison. He is more powerful who goes thaa he who creeps, because he can more easily come whither he will than the other. Say what eke thou wilt, every man knows that. Then said he : In like manner it is with the good and with the wicked. Each of them desires naturally that he may come to the highest good. But the good is able to come whither h«' desires, because he desires it rightly, and ■the wicked cannot come to that which he desires, because he seeks it wrongly. I know not but thou mayest think dif- ferently. Then said I : I do not think at aU differently from what tiiou sayest. Then said he : Very rightly thou under- standest it : and that is also a token of thy health ; as it is the custom of physicians to say, when they see a sick man, if they perceive in him any healthy token. Methinks now that thy nature and thy habit contends very powerfully against error. § V. I have now found that thou art prompt to understand my doctrine : therefore I am desiraus to coUeot for thee many IT 2 180 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXTI. maneja bij-na. be fam f «u mihtert^ fy eS ongitan hpac ic j-ecjan piUe. Onjic nu hu unmihcije fa yjrelan men beof .^ nu hi ne majon cuman fibep. Sibep Sa mijepitcisan jerceapta pilniaf' CO CO cumenne.* -j hu micle unmihcejpan^ hi paejion. gij: hi hij- nan jecynbe napbon.* behealb nu mib hu hepijpe pacencan bypjej- -j unjej-aelf a hi pne jebunbene. pp»c fa cylb. f onne hi pupf um jan majon. •] eac Sa ealban ceopla]-. ^a hpile f e hi jan majon. pilniaf jTimej- peopf pcipej- ^ )-umpe m»pf e. Da cilb pibaf on heopa jxapim. 3 manigf ealbne plejan plejiaf . Ssep hi onhypiaf^ ealbum monnum. ^ Sa bypejan nan puhc nyllaf onjinnan. Ssej- f e hi* hira apf ep msegen copenan otStSe lofep oS6e leana. ac bof f pyppe ip. ipnaf hibep ^ tSibep^ bpoli- genbe unbep f am hpope eallpa gepceapca. ^ ^ Ce f a ungepicce- jani" gepceapca piCon. f nycon fa bypejan men. fopfy pmC iSa cpsepcap becpan ^onne ^a unf eapap. popf am Se selc mon pceal bion gef apa. pam he pille pam he nylle. f pe pie anpalbegopC^^ f e maeg becuman Co f am hehpCan hpope eallpa gepceapCa. "p ip Eob. Sam nip nan puhc bupan. ne nan puhC benyfan. ne ymbucan. ac ealle tSmg pinC bmnan him on hip anpealbe. pe Eob ip ppif e CO lupienne. Pu ne cpsebe fu sep f pe psepe an pef e mihcigopc pe f e mihce jan. Seah he polbe. of f ippe eojif an enbe. ppa f sec ce nan bal tSippe eopf an opep f naepe. f ilce f u mihc gef encan be Eobe. ppa ppa pe sp cpsebon. f pe bif mihci- gopc. fe CO him cumon mseg. popfam he no hpibep opep f cumon ne maeg ; • § yi.'' Be eallum f ipum pacum f u mihc ongican ^ fa goban biof pimle mihcige. ~j ypelan biof selcep magenep "J »lcep cpsepcep bebselbe. hpy penpc f u tSonne f hi poplsecan t5a cpsepCep •} polgian Sam unf eapum. Ic pene Seah f f u piUe pecgan f hic pie pop bypige f hi hi ne cunnon cocnapan. Ac hpsec pegpc Su Sonne f pie pop cufjie. Sonne pio ungepceabpipnep. hpi gef apiaf hi f hi bioS bypige. hpy nyllaS hi ppypigan aepCep cpapCum 3 sepceji pipbome. Ic pac feah f ppongopnep hi oppiC ^ hi mib pl8ep])e opepcymf . j gicpung hi akenc. pic cpsebon Seah sep f nan puhc nsepe pyppe f onne ungepceabpipnep. Ac hpseC piUaf pe nu" cpef an. gip Sa gepceabpipan habbaf unf eapap ■] niUaf p Boet. lib. iv. prosa 2. — Ex quo fit, qaoi huic objacet, &o. 1 Cott. meahce. ^ Cott. biotS. 3 BqiJ. pilliaiS. ' Cott. cumanne. ' Bod. ungemihtpan. « Cott. nssjben. ' Cott. hypia'S. ^ Bq^. et Cott. hit. 9 Cott. hibpep hbper. "> Cott. sepicasan. " Bod. anpealbe heSoj-S. " Cott. pit nu pit. § VI. BOEXHITJS. 181 arguments and many examples, so that thou mayest the more easily understand what I ara about to say. Observe now, how feeble wicked men are, when they cannot come thither where even irrational creatures are desirous to come ; and how much more feeble they would be if they bad no natural inclination to it. Behold with how heavy a chain of folly and unhappi- ness they are bound ! Even children, when they can just go, and also old men, as long as they can go, are desirous of some honour and some praise. Children ride on their sticks, and play at various sorts of play, wherein they imitate old men. But the unwise are not willing to attempt anything from which they may expect to themselves praise or rewards. But they do what is worse ; they run erring hither and thither under the roof of all things ; and that which irrational crea- tures know, unwise men do not know. Therefore the virtues are better than the vices. I'or every man must be convinced, whether he will, or whether he will not, that he is the most powerful who is able to arrive at the highest roof of all things, that is God ; whom nothing is above, nor anything beneath, nor about, but all things are in him, in his power. God is greatly to be loved. Didst thou not before say, that he was most powerful in walking who could go, if he would, to the end of this earth, so that no part of this earth were beyond it ? The same thou mayest conceive with regard to God, as we before said, that he is most powerful who can come to him, because he nowhere beyond that can come ! § VI. Prom all these arguments thou mayest understand that the good are always powerful, and the wicked are desti- tute of all power and all ability. Why, then, dost thou think they forsake virtues and follow vices ? But I suppose thou wilt say, that it is through ignorance that they are not able to distinguish them. But what wilt thou then say is worse than this want of reason ? Why do they allow themselves to be ignorant ? Why wUl they not inquire after virtues and after wisdom ? But I know that drowsiness oppresses them, and overcomes them with sloth, and covetousness blinds them. We have before said, that nothing was worse than ignorance. But what shall we now say, if the intelligent have vices, and 182 BOETHirrs. chap, xxxvi. rpyjuan^ sefceji ^jj-bome -j aBfCep epsepcmn. le pat Seah f fu pile cpefan f pjiannep ^ unjemecpsercnef hi oppicce. Ac hpset ip Sonne unpcjiengpe^ Sonne pe mon fe bioS^ to ungemeclice opepppifeb mib fam* tebpian plsapce. bucon he ept jeppice ■j pinne pij) fa imfeapap ppa he ppifopc mseje. Ac hpaet pile Su Jjonne cpefan. gip hpa puhc nylle pif pinnan. ac mib puHaa^ pillan poplaat selc gob -^ pulja&f fam ypele. ] bif Seah jepceab- pipe. Ic pecge pie unmihcig ■] eac eallep na,uhc. popfam ppa hpa ppa Sone gemaenan job eaJlpa goba pofilseB. bucon epeonne bip pe nauhc. Ac ppa hpa ppa pillna]> f he cpseptig pie. he pillnaf f he pip pie.^ ppa hpa ppa ponne cpsaptig bif. he bij? pip. ^ pe Se pip bi]). he bif gob.'' pe Jie Sonne gob bij). pe bij> gepaehg. ^ ]-e Se gepaehg bif. pe hip eabig. -j pe f e eabig bif. pe bif liob.* be fam^ bsele Se pe aep pehfcon'^'' on f ippe ilcan bee. Ac ic pene nu hponne f bypige men piUon puafepian fsep J»e ic aep paebe. f pap "p ce ypele men naepon'--^ nanhtap. popfaemf e Jjapa ip ma Sonne f apa ofpa. Ac Seah hi hip nu naeppe ne gelepan. feah it ip ppa. ne magon pe naeppe gepeccan fone ypelan mon clsenne •] un- tpipeaibnie. Tpe^^ ma fe pe magon hatan oSSe habban beabne mon pop cpucene. ne bif pe cpuca Sonne nyctpa J>e pe beaba. gip him hip ypel ne hpeopj). Ac pe Jie ungepechce liopaJ>. "j hip gecynb nyle healban. ne biji pe nanht ; • § VII.1 Ic pene Seah f fu pille cpefan f hit ne pie eallep ppa gehc. f pe ypela maege bon ypel Seah he gob ne maege. 3 pe beaba ne maege naujjep bon. ac ic Se pecge psec pe anpe^b^^ Jiapa yplena ne cfmf op nanum cpaepte. ac op unf eapum. ac gip fa ypelan pymle gobe^^ psepon.^" Sonne ne bybon hi nan ypel. ne bij>^° f nane mihta f mon maege ypel bon. ac-"^^ beof un- mihta. gip f pof ip f pe aep gepypn pehtan^* f f ypel nauht ne pie. jjonne ne pypcf pe naiiht. pe Se ypel pypcf . Da cpsef ic. Eenog pof f ip f fu pegpt.i^ Da cpsef he. Pn, ne pehton^" pe aep f nan pnht nsepe mihtigpa Sonne f hehpte gob.^' Da cpaef ic. Spa hit ip ppa Su pegpc.^^ j)^ cpaef he. Ne hit feah ne mseg 1 Boet. lib. iv. prosa 2. — Sed possunt, inquies, mali, &c. I Bod. rpypiSan- ' Cott. unj-cpengpa. ' Cott. bi& * Cott. J>a;m. » Cott. pulle. « Bod. pippse. ' Cott. Soob. « Bod. gob. 5 Cott. Jjsem. i» Cott. peahKon. " Cott. nsepen. « Cott. J>on. •3 Cott. anpalb. " Cott. goobe. « Cott. paepen. •« Cott. bioS. " Bod. ^. " Cott. peahson. w Cott. rseSrC- '" Cott. peahcon. " Cott. goob. " Cott. r^sps- § Til. BOETHITTS. 183 ■will not inquire after wisdom and after virtues ? I know, however, that thou wilt say that luxury and intemperance oppress them. But what is weaker than the man who is utterly overcome by the frail flesh, unless he afterwards de- sist, and contend against vices as he best may ? But what wilt thou say if any creature will not contend against them, but with full will forsakes all good, and does evil, and is nevertheless intelligent ? I say that he is feeble, and more- over altogether nothing ! For whosoever forsakes the uni- versal good of all goods, without doubt he is nothing. But whosoever desires that he may be virtuous, desires that he may be wise. Whosoever, then, is virtuous is wise : and he who is wise is good ; he then who is good is happy ; and he who is happy is blessed ; and he who is blessed is a god, so far as we have before mentioned in this same book. But I rather think that foolish men will wonder at that which I have just now said, that is, that wicked men were nothing; because there is a greater number of them than of the others. But though they never believe it, yet it is so. We can never reckon the wicked man pure and sincere, any more than we can call or esteem a dead man living. Nor indeed is the living better than the dead, if he repent not of his evil. But he who lives recklessly, and wiU not preserve his nature, is not he nothing ? § VII. I think, however, thou wilt say that this is not altogether so likely, because the wicked can do evil, though he cannot do good, and the dead can do neither. But I say to thee that the power of the wicked does not come from any virtues, but from vices. But if the evil were always good, then would they do no evU. It is not from power that any one is able to do evil, but it is from weakness. If that is true which one some time ago asserted, that evil is nothing, then he works nothing who works evil. Then said I : Very true is that which thou sayest. Then said he : Did we not prove be- fore that nothing was more powerful than the highest good ? Then said I : So it is as thou sayest. Then said he : Tet it 184 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXYI. nan yjrel feon. Da cpae]) ic. DaeC ij- j-o)). Da cpsej* he. Pp8e]>ep semj mon pene f semg mon pe ppa mihcis ^ he mseje bon e^ f f sec he pille. Da cpsef ic. Nepenf tSsej- nan mon 8e hij- gepic haepf. Da cpaef he. Ppsec yp ele men magon Seah ypel bon. Da cpsef ic. Gala f hi ne mihcon. Da cpsef he. Pic ip ppeocol f hi majon bon ypel. "] ne majon nan job. f ip popf am Se f ypel nip nauhc. ac ]ja joban.^ gip hi pulne anpealb habba]). hi majon bon to jobe" f f hi pillaf . popfy ip pe pulla anpealb* Co Cellanne Co fam' hehpcum jobum.^ popfam^ »2pep je pe an- pealb.* je pa ofpu job.^ anb fa cpsepcap. pe pe longe seji nembon. pinbon poepce on pam hehpcan jobe.-^" ppa ppa selcep hupep pah \n]> psspc segfep je on tSaepe plope. je on pasm hpope. ppa bip selc job"^^ on Dobe p»pc. poppaem he ip selcep jobep aegpep ge hpop ge plop. Dy ip a Co pilnianne psep anpealbep. •p mon maege gob^^ bon. poppam f ip pe beCpca anpealb.'^' f mon maeje 3 piEe pell''* bon. ppa Iseppan ppebum ppa mapan. ppaepep he haebbe. poppam ppa hpa ppa piUap'^' job^^ Co bonne, he piUnap gob^'' Co habbenne.^' 3 mib gobe Co bionne. pop pip^^ ip pe Placonep cpibe genog pop. tSe he cpaep. Da pipan ane magon bon Co gobe^° f hi pilniap.'^' tSa ypelan magon onginnon f hi pilniap. Ic nac nu peah tSu piUe cpepan f ?5a goban onginnon hpilum p hi ne magon poppbpingan. Ac ic cpepe. ■f ^^hi hic bpmgap pimle popp. peah hi ^ peopc ne maegen pulppemman. hi habbap Seah pulne piUan. ] pe uncpeopealba pilla biop^' co cellenne^* pop puUppemob peopc. popSam^° he naeppe ne poplypc Sam leanum o8tSe hep. otSSe pKp. otSSe aegpaep. peah piUap Sa ypelan pypcan ■f "p hi lypc. tSeah hit nu ne pie^^ nyc. ne popleopap hi eac pone pillan. ac habbap hip pite. oppe hep. oStSe ellep hpaap. ol58e aegpep. pe ypla pilla^' co ponne hiopa pelc. poppy hi ne magon begican f gob^** f hi piUniap.^" pop 8y hi hic Silph*" tSone pillan pecap. nalep puph pihcne peg.*^ Se ypela^^ piUa naepp naenne ge- peppcipe pip pa gepselpa. Da pe {7ipbom pa t5ip ppell apehc haepbe. t5a ongan he epc pingan anb Sup cpaep. > Bod. tap. Cott. Jjffiji. 2 Cott. Jooban. ' Cott. goobe. * Cott. anpalb. = Cott. Jjsem. « Cott. Soobum. ' Cott. jroptasm. « Cott. anpalb. » Cott. soob. '» Cott. goobe. " Cott. goob. « Cott. goob. '» Cott. anpalb. " Cott. pel. is Cott. pilna«. »« Cott. goob. " Cott. goob. '8 Cott. habbanne. '^ Cott. rop>y. ■" Cott. goobe. " Cott. pillatS. M Bod. >eah. a^ Cott. bi'S. « Cott. taellaime. » Cott. rojijjsem. « Cott. hiC nyfc ne pe. " Bod. piUa ypel. =» Cott. goob. '' Cott. pilnia«. '» Cott. J>ujig. s' Bod. nallap Jiujihene peg. 22 Cott. ypla. » Cott. apeahe. § vn. BOETHitrs. 185 cannot do any evil. Then said I : That is true. Then said he : Does any one think that any man can be so powerful that he is able to do all that he wills ? Then said I : No man thinks it who has his senses. Then said he : But wicked men, nevertheless, can do evil. Then said 1 : that they were not able ! Then said he: It is evident that they can do evil, and cannot do any good. That is because evil is nothing. But the good, if they have full power, are able to do whatsoever good they will. Therefore fuH power is to be reckoned among the highest goods ; for both power and the other goods and excellences, which we long ago mentioned, are fixed in the highest good. As the wall of every house is fixed both to the floor and to the roof, so is every good fixed in God, for he is both the roof and floor of every good. Therefore is the power that man may do good, ever to be desired : for that is the best power, that any one is able and willing to do well, whether with less means or with greater, whichsoever he may have. Por whosoever wills to do good, is desirous to have good, and to be with good. Therefore is Plato's saying very true, which he said : The wise alone can do the good which they desire ; the wicked can only attempt what they desire. I know not, however, but thou wilt say that the good sometimes begin what they cannot accomplish. But I say that they always accomplish it. Though they may not perfect the work, they have nevertheless full will, and the sincere will is to be reckoned for the perfect work. Therefore they never fail of rewards either here or there, or both; If the wicked have will to work what they list, though it is not now perfect, they lose not also the will, but have its punishment either here or elsewhere, or both. So greatly does the evil will control them ! For this reason they cannot obtain the good which they desire, because they seek it through this will, and not -through the right way. The evil will has no fellowship with happiness. When Wisdom had finished this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus said : 186 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXTII. CAPUT SXXVII/ § I. EepGR nu an rpell be f am oj:epmo&um -j fam unpitc- pij-um cyninsum. fa pe jepof pecan on fam hehj-can heahj-ec- lum. fa )-cmaJ> on manejpa cynna hpaeglum. ■] biof uCon ymbj-Can&enbe mib nuclon gejrepj-cipe hiopa fegna. ] pa biojj mi& feclum. ^ mib gylbenum hylc j-peojibum. ;] mib manig- pealbum hepejeaCpum gehyppCe. 3 fpeaCiaf eaJl moncynn mib hiopa fpymme. ^ pe Se hiopa pelc. ne mupnf naupep ne ppienb ne pienb. fe ma Se pebenbe bunb. ac biotS ppij>e ungeppaesbce upahapen on hip COobe popfam unjemecLcan anpealbe. Ac jip him men fonne apinc op fa clafap. ^ him opcihj) fapia fennnja ;] f aap anpealbep. Sonne miht fu gepeon f he biof ppipe anlic fapia hip f egna pumimi Se him Sap feniaf. Ijucon he popfpa pie. Anb jip him nu peap gebypef f himjpypji pume hpile fapa f enunja op Cohen, ■j, f apa clajia. ^ f aep anpealbep. f onne f incf him f he pieoncapcepnegebpohc. oSSe on pacenCum. popfam op fam unmeCCa. ■] f am unjemechcan jejepelan. op f am ppeC- meccum. ] op mipchcum bpyncum faep hfep. onpsecnaf pio pob^fpag faepe ppasnneppe. ^ gebpepf hiopa CDob ppipe ppifLce. fonne peaxaf eac fa opepmecca ■] ungef psepnep. ■] f onne hi peopf af gebolgen. Sonne pypf f CDob beppunjen mib f am pelme f sepe hacheopcneppe. of f aec hi peopf af gepaepce mib fsepe un- pocneppe. •] ppa jehaepce. 8iSSan f Sonne gebon bif . Sonne onjmf him leogan pe cohopa f aape ppsece. ~\ ppa hpaap ppa hip ippung pillaf . Sonne jehec him f sep hip peccelepC, Ic f e paabe gepypn sep on f ippe ilcan bee. f ealle gepceapca piUnobon pumep gobep. pop gecynbe. ac Sa unpihcpipan cynjap ne magon nan gob bon. pop f am ic f e nu paebe. nip -p nan punbop. popf am hi hi unbepf lobaf eallum f am unf eapum f e ic Se »p nembe. pceal Sonne nebe Co f apa hlapopba borne f e he hme sep unbepf eobbe. 3 ^ce pyppe ip. f he him nyle pupf um pif pmnan, f asp he hic angmnan polbe. ^ Sonne on f am gepmne fuphpunian mihce. f onne nsepfae he hip nane pcylbe ; • § II.' Da pe f'lpbom Sa f ipleof apungen hsepbe. fa ongan he ep c ppeUian "j f up cpaef . Ilepihpc Su nu on hu miclum. ■] on hu ' Boet. lib. iv. metrum 2. — Quos vides sedere celso, &c. « Boet. lib. iv. prosa 3. — Tidesne igitur, quanto in cseno, &o. I. II. BOETHIUS. 187 CHAPTEE XXXVIL § I. Heab now a discourse concerning proud and unjust kings, whom we see sitting on the highest thrones; who shine in clothes of many kinds, and are surrounded by a great company of their thanes, who are adorned with belts and golden-hilted swords, and with manifold weapons, and terrify all mankind with their greatness. And he who governs them regards neither friend nor foe, any more than a mad hound; but is inconceivably lifted up in his- mind, through unbounded power. But if any man should strip off from him the clothes, and deprive him of the retinue and the power, then wouldest thou see that he is very like to any one of those hia thanes who serve him, unless he be worse. And moreover, if it by chance happen unto him that he at any time is deprived of the retinue, and of the clothes, and of the power, then it seems to him that he is brought to prison or to chains. Because from excess, and from immoderate clothing, and from dainty food, and from various drinks of the cup, the fury of lust is excited, and disquiets their minds very greatly : then increases also arrogance and wickedness ; and when they are offended, then is the mind scourged with the heat of anger, until they are distracted with unbappiness, and so enslaved ! After this takes place, the hope of revenge begins to deceive them, and whatsoever his anger wills his recklessness pro- mises him. I said to thee Ipng before, in this same book, that aU creatures were naturally desirous of some good : but unjust kings can do no good, for the reason I have now given thee. That is no wonder, for they subject themselves to all the vices which I have already named to thee. Mvery one of them, therefore, necessarily must submit to the judgment of the lords, to whom he has already subjected himself; and what is stiU worse, that he will not even strive against them. If he were willing to attempt it, and then were able to per- severe in the contest, then would he be free from his guilt. § II. "When Wisdom had sung this lay, then began he again to speak, and thus said : Seest thou in how great, and 188 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXVII. biopum. 3 on hu fSiojCpum hopaj-eafe^ fapa unfeapa fa ypel- pillenban j-Ciciaf. j hutSajo&an^ j-cmaf beojihtop fonne j-unne. fojifam^ pa ggban* nsefpe ne beoj? bebselbe papa ebleana hiopa jobef.s ne fa ypelannaefpe papa pica Se hi geeapmap. -iElc pmg pe on tSij-pe pojiulbe gebon bip. hsefp eblean. pypce hpa f f he pyjice. oSSe bo f f be bo. a he hseptS ■p f he eapnap.* Nij- f eac nauhc unpehc'' j-pa ]-pa Jio Romana pea^ paej-.^ -J get^ i]' on manejum Seobum.-"' f mon hehp aenne heapobbeahi^ jylbenne aec j-umej- sepnepejej- enbe. paapp ponne micel pole Co. ;),ijinap^^ ealle enbemep.^' Sa pe hiopa sepninge Cpepap. 'J fpa hpilc jpa aepept Co tSam beajecymp. ponne moc pe hine habbah'him.laelc pihiap f he pcyle aepepc Co cuman "j hine habban. ac anum he ' tSeah gebyyiap.^* ppa bep eall moncynn. on pyp anbpeapban hpe ipnap. anb oneCCap. anb pilhiiaS eaJlep" paep hehpcan jobep.^^ ac hic ip nanumi7 men jeciohhob. ac ip eallum monnum. pop- paam ip selcum peapp f he higie eallan'* msejne'^ sepcep psepe mebe. paepe mebe ne pypp naeppe nan gob^" man bebaeleb. ne msej hme mon no mib pihce hacan pe gooba. jip he bip paep hehpCan goobep bebasleb.'^i poppaem nan gob^^ peop ne bip buCon gobum''' ebleanuni. bon Sa ypelan ^ ■p hi bon. j-ymle bip pe beah^* gobep^' ebleanep pam gobum^^ gehealben on ecneppe. ne maeg papa ypelena ypel pam goban^' beniman heopa goobep ■J hiopa phcep. ac gip hi f goob buCon himpelpum haepben. 6onne meahce hi mon hip beniman.^* opep Cpega o55e pe t5e hic aep pealbe. o6Se opep mon.^^ Ac ponne pophepc gob*° man hip leanum.'"^ Sonne he hip gob poplaec. Ongic nu 'pj:e aelcum men hip agen gob'^ gipp goob eblean. f gob '^e oninnan him pelpum bip. Ppa pippa monna pile cpepan f »nig gob man pie bebaeleb Saep hehpcan gobep. poppam he pimle SepCep pam ppincp. Ac gemun Su pimle 8aep miclan -j paep paegpan ebleanep. > Cott. hojio peajja. ^ Cgtt. gooban. ' Cott. popteem. ' Cott. gooban. = Cott. Soobep. « Cott. SeeapnalJ. ' Cott. unjiihe. « Bod. Bomana Jieapap ip. ' Cott. gieC. '" Cott. t>io&uni. " Cott. beag. '2 Cott. ypnaS. " Bod. enbemept. » Cott. gebypelS. " Cott. eajle. '« Cott. goobep. " Cott. anum. " Cott. ealle, ^ Cott. maegene. " Cott. goob. ^i (jott. ne mseg hine mon no mib pihce hatan pe gooba. gip he bi^ Jiaep hehpsan goobep bebteleb. " Cott. goob. ^^ Cott. goobum. " Cotj ^jg^g. as Cott. goobep. ^s Cott. goobum. " Cott. gooban. " Bod. hiopa gob. buCon himpelpum nsepben. J>onne mihte hi mon hi beniman. » Bod. pealbe otSJia oJ>ep ma. '« Cott. goob. " Bod. geleajan. « Cott. goob. § II. BOETHIUS. 189 in how deep, and in how dark a sink of vices the evil- willing are involved, and how the good shine brighter than the sun ? For the good are never destitute of the rewards of their good, nor the wicked ever of the punishments which they deserve. Everything which is done in this world has recompense. Let any one work what he may, or do what he may, he wiU ever have that which he earns. Moreover, it is not unjust, as was formerly the custom of the Eomans, and still is in many na- tions, that man should have a golden crown at the end of some course. Many people then come thereto, and all run equally, those who have confidence in their running ; and whichsoever first arrives at the crown, then may he have it to himself. Every one desires that he may first arrive, and have it ; but nevertheless it falls to one. So does all man- kind in this present life, — runs and hastens, and is desirous of the highest good. But it is offered to no one man, hut is offered to all men. Therefore it is needful to every one that he strive with all his power after the reward. Of the reward no good man is ever deprived. A man cannot rightly call himself good if he be destitute of the highest good, for no good servant is without good rewards. Let the wicked do what they may, the crown of good reward will always be pos- sessed by the good for ever. The evil of the wicked cannot deprive the good of their good, and of their excellence. But if they had that good from without them, then might some one deprive them of it ; either he who formerly bestowed it, or another man. But a good man then loses his rewards when he forsakes his good. Understand, then, that to every man his own good gives good reward ; that good which is in himself. "What wise man will say, that any good man is des- titute of the highest good? for he always labours after it. But meditate thou always on the great and the fair reward. 190 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XXXTII. popfam'^ f eblean ij- opep .ealle oppe^ lean Co lupienne.' ~j bo fxf lean Co f am popej^eeenam 5obum* fe ic Se a&p ceal&e on ©pibban bee. fonne hi fonne jejabepube^ bioj). Sonne mJaC^ ]>u onpcan f fa gepaelfa ] f hehpce job'' bi}> eaU an. ^ ^ bijf> Irob. 3 Jionne Su. mihc^ eac onjiCan f selc job^ man bif eabij. ■J f ealle geps&lije men beoJii° Eobap. ■] habbaf ecu eblean hiopa^i jobep ; ■ ^^ § III.' Fopjjam^' ne Seapp nsenne pipne mon cpeojan. f Sa ypelan nabban eac ece^^ eblean beopa ypelep. f bij) ece piCe. Deab 8u nu pene f hiopa hpylc'^ gepelij^*' pie hep pop popidbe. he h»p]j Seah pimle^'' hip ypel mib hun. -] eac fsap ypelep^^ eblean ^a hpile fe hic him hcaji. Nip nu nan pip man f nyce f ce sob^' 3 ypel biof pimle^° ungej^paepe becpux^"^ him. -j pimle^^ on cpa^* piUaf. -j ppa ppa Ssep joban sobaep hip hip ajen job^* ^ hip ajen eblean. j-pa bifi eac f a&p ypelan ypel hip agen ypel. ^ hip eblean. ■) hip ajen piCe. ne Cpeof nsenne mon gip he pice hsepj». f he naebbe ypel. Ppsec penajj fa ypelan f he beon bebselbe 8apa pica -j pine pulle aelcep ypelep. naBap^^ no '^ an ^ hi bioj) _apylbe. ac popneaWco nauhce gebone. Onjic nu be fam sobum hu micel piCe fa ypelan pymle habbaf . ■] gehyp gyc^^ pum bippell. 3 gehealb fa pel f e ic f e sep y2sbe. Gall f. f ce anneppe haepf . f pe pecgaf f »C Ce pie. t5a hpile f e hiC sec pomne bif . 3 8a pamppsebaeppe pe hacaf gob. Spa ppa an man bif man. Sa hpile Se pio papl 3 pe lichoma bif secpomne.^^ f onne hi f onne gepmbpebe biof §onne^* ne biS he ^ f he sep t^ssy- f 'Ice fu mihc^' gef encan be Sam Iichoman 3 be hip hmum. gip f apa lima hpilc'" op bif. Sonne ne bif hiC no pull mon ppa hiC sep pap. gip eac hpyle gob^"- man ppom gobe gepice. Sonne ne bif he f e^^ ma pulhce gob. gip he eaUiinga ppom gobe*' gepiCe. f oman hic gebypaf f Sa ypelan poplaecaf ^ ^ hi »p bibon?* ne^^ biof ' Boet. Mb. iv. ,pro9a 3, — Quas oiim ita sint, &c. 1 Cott.- pop})»m. 2 Cott. o%n. " Cott. lupanne. * Cott. Soobuin. 5 Cott. segabepubu. « Cott. meahc. ' Cott. goob. * Cott. meahc. Cott. soob. " Cott. bioS. " Cott. heopa. " Cott. goobep. " Cott. pofiJjaBm. " Cott. nsebben eac ecu. " hpylc, deest in MS. Bod. >« Bod. gepselfie. " Cott. pymle. i^ (jg^^^ yplep. "^ Cott. goob. 2" Cott. pymle. ^i Cott. beepeox. ^ Cott. pymle. " Cott. cu. " Cott. goob. 2= Cott. nallep. ^n Cott. geC. " Cott. Bstromne bio^. =' hi >onne gepnbpebe biolS Jionne, desunt in MS. Bod. ^s Cott. raeahe. *> Cott. hpylc. si Cott. goob. ^ Cott. ton. '^ gobe, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. bybon. ss ctt. ^ ne. § III. BOETHITJS. 191 for that reward is above all other rewards to be loved : and add that reward to the before-inentioned goods which I for- merly recounted to thee in the third book. "When they are added together, then mayest thou perceive that happiness and the highest good are all one, and that is Grod. And then thou mayest also perceive that every good man is happy, and that all happy men are gods, and have eternal reward of their good ! § III. Therefore no wise man needs to doubt that the evil have also eternal recompense of their evil, that is, eternal punishm'ent. Though thou mayest thinli that any of them is happy here in respect of the world, he nevertheless has always his evil with him, and also the recompense of the evil, even whilst it gives him pleasure. There is no wise man who is ignorant that good and evil are always discordant between themselves, :and always are at variance in their wishes. And as the goodness of the good is his own good, and his own re- ward, so is also the evil of the wicked his. own evil, and his reward, and his own punishment. No man if he has punish- ment, doubts that he has evil. What ! do the wicked think that they are exempted from punishments, and yet are full of all evil ? Not only are they foul, but almost brought to nothing. Understand, therefore, from the good, how great punishment the wicked always have : and hear, moreover, an example ; and well retain those which I before mentioned to thee. Whatsoever has unity, that we say exists whUe it re- mains together ; and this unity we call good. Thus a man is a man whilst the soul and the body are together. But when they are separated, then is he not that which he was before. The same thou mayest conceive concerning the body, and concerning its limbs. If any of the limbs is oif, then it is not full man, as it was before. So if any good man depart from good, then is he not any more fully good, if he at all depart from good. When it happens that the wicked leave off what tliey before did, they are not what they before were. 192 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXTII. f ^ hi »p psepon. Ac fonne hi f job' poplseca]) -j peopfaf ypele. Sonne ne beof ^ hi nauhcap bucon* anlicnep. f mon mses gepon f hi gio men psepon.* afc hi habbaf fsaj- mennipcep Sonne J)one betj-can bsel foplopen. ^ f one popcu])e]Can* ^e- healben. hi foplseta); ^ jecynbehce 50b. •p^ pnc mennij-chce feapap. ~) habbaf feah mannep anlicneppe SSa hpile je hi /^ § iV." Ac ppa ppa manna jobnep' hi ahepf opep pa men-~ I nipcan ^ecynb. to pam' f hi beop liobap genemuebe.' ppa eac hiopa ypelnep apyppp hi unbep Sa mennipcan gecynb. Co pam^ f hi-biop ypele jehatene. f pe cpepap pie nauhc. Foppam jip t5u ppa jeplsecne mon mecpc f he bip ahpeppeb ppom jobe'" Co ypele. ne mihc'^'- Su hine na mib pihce nemnan man. ac neac. Eip pu ponne'^'^ on hpilcum men onjiCpC. f he bip JiCpepe ■] peapepe. ne pcealc pu hine na haCan man. ac pulp.i Anb pone pepan pe bip ppeopceme. pu pcealc haCan hunb. nallap^^ mann. Anb Sone leapan lycejan. pu )-cealc hacan pox. naep mann. Anb tSone ungemechce mobejan -j yppienban.''* t5e Co micelne anban h»pp. Su pcealc hacan leo. naep mann. Anb pone psenan. pe bip CO plap. Su pcealc haCan appa ma ponne man. Anb pone unje- mechce eapjan. pe him onbpsec mape^° ponne he puppe.^° pu mihc^' hacan hapa. ma Sonne man. Anbpam'* unjepcseppejan 3 Sam" hseljan.^" pu mihc^^ pecjjan'''' f hi bip pmbe gelicpa. oSSe unpCiUum pugelum. Sonne jemecpsepcum monnum. Anb pam pe Su onpcpc f he hp^^ on hip lichaman lupcum.^^ he biS aniicopc peCCum ppmum. pe pimle piUnap^ licjan on pulum polum. ^ hi nyHap appyligan^^ on hluccpum paecepum.^^ ac peah hi pelbum hponne heiyerabe peoppon. Sonne pleap he epC on pa polu ■] bepealpiap paep'~on^Da pe pipbom pa pip ppeU apehc haepbe. Sa onjan he pmjan ■] pup cpaep. fl " Boet. lib. iv. prosa 3. — Sed cum ultra homines, &c. 1 Cott. goob. '■' Cott. blots. ' Cott. psepen. ' Bod. j:opcu>epan. ' Bod. y " Cott. goobne)-. ' Cott. bon. « Cott. genembe. » Cott. ton. "> Cott. goobe. " Cott." meahc. " Jjonne, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. nallej-. " Bod. ippenbe. " Cott. ma. '« Cott. >yp]re.' " Cott. meahc. " Cott. Jpxm. « Cott. \>s,m. " Cott. galan. " Cott. meahc. ^^ Cott. recgan. '" Cott. ligS. =' Cott. j-ymle pilla'5. =^5 Cott. naejrpe nellaS aj-pylian. '* Cott. paeBpum. § IT. EOETHIUS. 193 But when men forsake good, and become wicked, then are they nothing but a resemblance ; so that one may see that they formerly were men, but they have lost the best part of humanity, and kept the worst. They forsake the good of their nature, that is human manners, and have nevertheless the likeness of man while they Eve. § IV. But as the goodness of men raises them above human nature, so far that they are named gods ; so also their wicked- ness degrades them below human nature, so far that they are called evil, which we say is nothing. Therefore if thou shouldest meet a man so debased that he is turned from good to evil, thou canst not rightly name him man, but beast. If then thou observest with respect to any man, that he is a rapacious man, and a spoiler, thou shouldest not call him a. man, but a wolf. And the fierce man who is a brawler, thou, shouldest call a hound, not a man. And the deceitful, crafty man, thou shouldest call a fox, not a man. And the immo- derately proud and angry man, who has great malice, then, shalt call a lion, not a man. And the dull man who is too slow, thou shouldest call an ass more than a man. And the excessively timid man who is more fearful than he needs, thou, mayest call a hare more than a man. And to the inconsta!nt and the light, thou mayest say, that they are more like the wind, or restless birds, than modest men. And to him whom thou observest that he is lying in the lusts of his body, thou mayest say, that he is most like to fat swine, which always desire to lie in foul mire, and will not wash themselves in pure waters ; but if they sometimes rarely are made to swim, then cast they themselves again into the mire, and wallow therein. "When Wisdom had ended this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus said : 194 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XIXTIIIi CAETJT XXXVni7 §1. IE tSe^' maespeccan of ealbum Ifeajnim j^iellum' pun j-pife anlic j^jell fsepej^pssce fe piC mi ymbe j^pacon. piC je- bypebe 510 on Tpoiana gepmne f faep paey an cynins fKf nama Aidixe)-. j-e hsftfbe Cpa' Siofea unbep' paan Kafepe. Da Sioba p»pon harene rjmcise ^Recie. ;] Saej- Kapepq- nama pssj- Aga- memnon. Da pe Attlixep mib pam Kapepe tm fam jepiolice pop. tS^ haepbe he pume hunbpeb pcipa. tTa psepon hi pume Cen jeap on fam gepmue. Sape cynm^epcham cepbeppom fam Kapepe. yh\ fi lanb hsepbon jepunnMi; tSansepbe ma pcipa foime an. f psep Seah ppe pefpe. 8a jepcob hme heah yebep. -j pCopm pse. peapfiSa popbpipan on an ijlonb uF on^ ^sepe f^enb-el p». fa pap psep Apollmep bohsop. Ibhep puna, pe lob fsiY hiopa Cynmj; -j hcecce f he pceolbe bion pe hehpca Gob. 7^ bypige pole him jel^pbe. popfampe he paep cyne cynnep. -j hrnypcon nsenne ofepne "Cob on Saene Ciman. baton hiopa cynmjap hi peopfobon pop liobap. 8a pceolbe ]raep lobep psebep beoneac Eob. faep nama psep Sacupnup. 3'hipppailce eal cyii^'hi hsepbon pop Iiob. fa pap hiopa anp« A^oUmup Sepe sep'ymb pppaescon. tS'ap A^poHmep bohcop pceolbe bion gybene; fsepe nama psep Kipke. pio hi psebon pceolbe. bion ppife bpycpaeptijuj ^ ■ po pcmobe on 8am iglanbe-fe'pe cyhinj on ppbpipen peapf 8e pe Sep ymbe pppsecon. Pio haepbe tSsep ppife' miole pepobe hipe ISejna. 7 eac ofeppa msebena. Sona ppa hio gepeahi8one pop- bpipenancyniny fe pe sepymbpppsecon. ])iaep'nania paep Aulixep. Sia onjan Hio hme lupan. •]' Hiopa aejjTcp ojiepne ppife unge- mechce. ppa "p te he pop hipellifan poplfec"hip pice eall. 3 hip cynpen. ~\ punobe mib hipe of 801116 pippc f hip pejnap him ne mihcon lenj mib jepunian. ac pop hiopa eapbep lupan -} pop 8aepe ppace cihobon hme Co poplaecanne. Da ongimnon leape men pypcan ppeU. 7 paebon f hio pceolbe mib hipe bpycpaepc. fa men popbpeban. 8 peoppan hi an pilbe beopa he. -j pi88an plean on fa paccencan ~] on eoppap. Sume hi paebon f hio pceolbe poppceoppan Co leon. -j 8onne peo pceolbe pppecan. fonne pynbe hio. Sume pceolban bion epopap. ;] 8onne hi pceolban hiopa pap piopian. fonne gpymecoban hi. Sume . pupbon Co pulpan. 8a 8uCon. 8onne hi pppaecan pceolbon. '' Boet. lib. iv. metrum 3, — Vela Neritii duds, &c. > Bod et Cott. >a. ' Bod. et Cott. utou. = Bod. et Cott. selcine. § I. BOETHItrS. 195 CHAPTER XXXVIIL § I. I CAN rekte to tbee, from ancient fables, a story very like to the subject which we have just now spoken about. It Happened formerly in the Trojan war, that there was a king whose name tvas tJlysses, who had two countries under the Caesar. The countries were called Ithaca and Eetia, and the Caesar's name was Agamemnon. When Ulysses went with the Casar to the battle, hfe had some hundred ships. Then were they some ten years in that war. "When the King again returned homeward from the Csesar, and they had conquered the land, he had not* more ships than one ; but. that was a ship with three rows of oara. Then opposed' him a. great tempest and a stormy sea. .H"e was then driven on an island out in the Wendel sea. Then was there the daughter of Apollo, the son of Jove. Jove was their king, and pretended that he should be the highest god, and that foolish people believed him because he was of royal lineage, and! they knew not any other God at that time, but worshipped: their kings for gods. Then should the father'of Jbve be also a god, whose name was Saturn ; and likewise all his kindred they held for gods. Then was one of thera the Apollo whom we before mentioned. Apollo's daughter should be a goddess, whose name was Circe. She, they said; should be very skilful' in sorcery ; and she dwelt in the island on which the king was driven, about whom we before spoke. Bhe had then a very gseat company of her servants, and also of other' maidens* As soon as she saw the king driven thUKer, whom we befora mentioned, whose name was Ulysses, then began she to love him, and each of them the other, beyond measure ; , so that he for love of her neglected all his kingdom, and his family, and dw^lt with her until the time that his thanes would no longer remain with him ; but for love of their country, asnd on ac- count of exile, determined to leave him. Then beganfalse men to work spells. And they said that she should by her sorcery overthrow the men, and: cast them into the bodies of wild beasts, and afterwards throw them into chains and, fetters. Some, they 8aid> she.should transform to lions,' and: when they^. should speak tbeas they roared. Some should be ' wild boars, and when they should lament their misfortune then they grunted. Some became wolves. These howled o 2 196 EOBTHIUS. CHAP. XXXVIII. Sume pupbon Co fam beopcynne f e mon hac cijpij-. Spa peopB eall pe gepeppcipe pophpeppeb Co mipclicum beopcynnum. sale CO pumum biope. bucon ^am cyninge anum. .iElcne mece hi onpcunebon fe men ecaf. -j pilnobon 8apa fe beop ecaf. Naepbon hi nane anhcneppe manna ne on hchoman ne on jCemme. 3 selc pippce tSeah hip jepic ppa ppa he aep pippce. f gcj piC pap ppipe popjienbe pop fam epmfum Se hi Spogan. pp»C fa menn %e jypum leapunjum jelepbon. Seah pippCon faec hio mib fam bpycpaapCe ne mihce 8apa manna OOobon penban. feah hio Sa hchoman onpenbe. Gala f hiC ip micel cp»pc 8£ep TOobep pop 8one hchoman. Be ppilcum ] be ppilcum fu mihc onjican f pe cpsepc fsep hchoman bif on fam COobe. ^ ^ Ce selcum men ma bepiaf hip CDobep unfeapap. tJsep ODobep Ciof eallne fone hchoman co him. •} Ji»p hchoman meccpumnep ne m»g f CDob eallunja Co him jeCion : • § 11.^ Da cpsejj ic. Ic eom jefapa ^ ^ ip pof. f fu ap pssbepc. f paep f hiC nauhc unpihc psepe paec mon Sa ypel- piUenban men heCe necenu. oSSe pilbeop.^ Seah hi mannep on- licneppe haebben. Ac gip ic h»pbe ppilcne anpealb.^ ppylce pe aehnihceja Eob haepf. Sonne ne lece ic no 8a ypelan bepian 8am^ gobum* ppa ppif e ppa hi nu bof. Da cpaaj) he. Nip hit him no ppa lonje alepeb ppa fe Hfnc]/. ac Su mihc ongican f him hip ppife hpabhce gepcypeb^ hiopa oppopjneppe. ppa ic fe nu pihce pecjan piUe. Seat ic geC emcan^ nsebbe pop ofeppe' pppsece. 8sep hi Sone unnyCCan anpealb* nsepben fe hi penaf f hi habbaf.^ Sonne nsepbon hi ppa micel piCe ppa hi habban pculon. Da ypelan bij) micle'^'' unjepaehjpan jjonne. Sonne^"^ hi majan fuphcion^^ faec ypel f hi lypc. fonne hi fonne bion. fonne hi hiC bon ne majon. SeahSip^' ^yi'iSe men ne jelepan." 1?ic ip ppife ypel f mon" ypel pille. 3 hic'^ ip feah micle pyppe f hic mon maeg bon.^' popfaem'^ pe ypela^' piUa biJ) copcenceb. ppa fe pecelp^" hep opan pype. gip mon f peopc fuphcion"^ ne^' maej. Ac Sa ypelan^* habbaf hpilum Spio unjepaelfa.^* an ip * hi ypel pillaf . ofep ^ ^ hi majon. fpibbe f hi hic fuphciof.^' w Boet. lib. iv. prosa 4.— Turn ego, Fateor, inquam, &c. } Cott. jnlbiop. 2 Cott. anpalb. ^ c^tt j,^„, 4 Ctt, goobum. = Cott. Sepnopeb. « Cott. aemettan. ' Cott. olSpe. » Cott. un- nefctan anpalb. » Cott. hsebben. '» Cott. bio's pymle. " Bod. Jjone. « Cott. magon )>upi5Sion. la c^tt. hir- " Cott. Selepen. " Cott. mon % « Bod. he. " bon, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. popbaMn pop)>8Bm. i» Cott. ypla. "' Cott. hsep pec. " Cott. J>upstion. ^^ ^e, deest in MS. Bod. 2' Cott. yplan. " Cott. unpBil>a. " Cott. J>iipSCioB. § ir. BOETHITJS. 197 ■when ttey should speak. Some became that kind of wild beast that man calls tiger. Thus was all the company turned to wild beasts of various kinds ; each to some beast, except the king alone. Every meat they refused which men eat, and were desirous of those which beasts eat. They had no resemblance of men either in body or in voice, yet every one knew his mind, as he before knew it. That mind was very sorrowful through the miseries which they suffered. Indeed, the men who believed these fictions, nevertheless knew that she by sorcery could not change the minds of men, though she changed the bodies. How great an excellence is that of the mind in comparison of the body ! By these things, and the like thou mayest learn, that the excellence of the body is in the mind ; and that to every man the vices of his mind are more hurtful. Those of the mind draw all the body to them, and the infirmity of the body cannot entirely draw the mind to it. § II. Then said I : I am convinced that that is true which thou before saidst, that is, that it would not be unfit that we should call evil- willing men cattle, or wild beasts, though they have the resemblance of man. But if I had such power as the Almighty God has, then would I not let the wicked injure the good so much as they now do. Then said he : It is not permitted to them so long as thou supposest. But thou mayest be assured that their prosperity will very soon be re- moved, as I will shortly inform thee, though I have not leisure now on account of other discourse. If they had not the vain power, which they think they have, then would they not have so great punishment as they shall have. The wicked are much more unhappy when they are able to accomplish the evil which they list, than they are when they are unable to do it ; though these foolish men do not believe it. It is very wicked that any man wills evil, and it is still much worse that he is able to do it, for the evil will is dispersed like incense before the fire, if man is not able to accomplish the work. But the wicked have sometimes three misfortunes : one is, that they will evil; the second, that they are able to do it; the third, 198 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXXTIII. fopfamjje^ Eob haftpf Jetiohhob to ,j-eUenne^ pitu -j epmj^a Jjam jfpebim^ monnum pop hiopa yflum peopcum. Da cpaap ic. SpahiE If jpa tSuij-ejj-c. 3 feah ic polbe gepypcan. jif le mihte* ^ hi naepbon ]?a he^pbj-aslf a ,f hi mihconyfel boxi. Da cpaf he. Ic pene J»eah f him lopige pe anpealfa^ asp fonne Su.yolbept.^ otSSe hi penen. .fppjiaem nan puhc nip lang'^ipsepep onfip anb- peapban lipe. fieah monnmn fynce f hic Jang pie. Acppijje opc pe micla anp^b^ Sapa ypelena gel^pipc jpife paepihce. ppa ppa gpeaC beam • on pyba' VJfW^P hlubne bync tSonue men la^pc penaf. -j popfam^" . ege hi bipf^^ pimle ppife eapme. ,Eip hi 'Sonne hiopa ypel eapme gebeS. hu ne bij? jonne pimle f lange ypel pyppe. Sonne f pcopce. 'Deah nu fa yplan nappe ne pup- feon'^ beabe. JSeah ic^' ;pol&e cpfipan f hi;paepon^*.eapmopce.^^ tHJij. fa eapmfa ealle^* pqfe'' pznc. tSe pe lange'^^ asp ymbe pehcon.'"^^ f .t5a ypelan"" hep on populbe^^ habban peeolban.^^ fonneijp fseCippeocol. 'pifa eapnifa b.eof^* enbeleape fe ece^* biop. Da cpaef ic. Dasc ip punboplic f 8u pejpc.^' 3 ppif e eap- foflic bypejum monnum Co onjitanne. Ac ic ongiCe feah f hic behnipf ,genog,pel,tO(paepe j-ppsecefepic sep ymbe pppaecon. iDa cpasf ihe. Ic ne pppece nu no Co bypegum monnum. ac pppece CO famfe pillniaf^* ^ipbom ongican. poppasm ^ bij> cacn pipbomep. 'p hme mon^pilnije^'' gehepan'''' -j ongican. Ac gip bypigpa hpone cp^ge^' aenigep Sapappella.iSe pe asp ymbe'" pppaecon on f fppe ilcan bee. tSonne gepecee he. gip he maege. opep cpega oSSe papa ppellaipum leap o^Seungehc tJaspe pppsece fe pic aepcep ppypiaf. oS6e ppibbe penb ongice ] ;gelepe f pit on pihc ppipien.^"^ gip he papa nan jae bef.'^ tSonne nac he bpaec^^ he menp ; • '* § III.^ Ac icSe m«g ^c'^ caacan of ep Smg fe bypegum monnum pile 8incan gec^^iimgelepenbhcpe." ■] ip Seah genog " Boet. lib. iv.prosa 4. — Nam hoc quoque quod dicam, &c. • Cott. ropjjaemhe. ' Cott. j-ellanne. ^ Cott. jrlum. ' Cott. laeAbt. » Cott. anpalfa. « Cott.pblbe. ' Cott. long. ^Cott. anpalb. » Cott. -puba. "> Cott. fopjisem. "Cott. beo^. " Cottipupben. "ic, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. paqien. "Cott eajiinoj-Ee ^ ungersel- •Sopce. i«.Cott..eaUa. " Cott. pojja. 's Cott. longe. '9 Cott. ipeahcon. '" Cott. yjrlan. 21 Cott. peopulbe. '^ Cott. pceolben. " Cott. ypinj>a bio«. =" Cott. eac. « Cott. r»Sr*:- ^ Cott. pel pilmalS. 27 Cott. pelnige. ■'' Bod. Jepan. =» Cott. Cpeoge. ^ Cott. ymb. "' Cott. ppyjiigen. 32 Cg^t nyte. ^ Cott. nan J>apa hpsaS. ^ Cott. mtentS. a' Cott. giet. 3« Cott. JieK. " Cott. ungele- jrebhcpe. §H1. BOETHIUS. 105 that tkey acGompliahit. For Godihas decreed to, give punish- ments and miseries to wicked men 'for their wicked works. Then said I: So itis as.thQU-sayest;iflnd yet I would wis!}, if I might, that>they.had-.not the nnhappiness of -being able to do evil. Then said he: I think,;however,ithat that .power will be lost .to them, sooner .than either thou or they. would expect. Fornothing is* of. long duration iuithia present life, though it seem to men that it be long. But very frequently the great(power of the wicked. fells very, suddenly, even.asift -great tree in .a wood makes a loud ; crash when men least expect ; and through fear they are always very .miserable. But if their wickedness makes them miserable, is aot .then the long evil always worse than . the short ? Though the wicked never died, I should still say that thty were moat miserable. If the miseries are, all true, which we loug agp discoursed^about, that the wicked should have, in this wori4, then is it evident that, those miseries, are infinite .which are eternal. Then,said I: Thatiis wonderful which; thou*Bayea^, and very. difficult to be undersfcofld by foolish, men. But j nevertheless perceive! that it appertains well enoughto the discourse > which we were before holding. .Then -said: he.: I am not now .speaking ,to .foolish men,, hut, am speaking to those who desire to understeiBd' wisdom ; for it isa.token.of wisdom that any one is willing to. hear and understand. it. But if anyiof the foolish, doubt any of the i reasonings which we have already uttered in .this same book, let him shflw,iif he can, some. one of the arguments. i«A*«Ai is. either false, or inapplicable to, the-subject.about.which weareiinquiidi^; ar thirdly, let him turn, understand, and believe that .we argue rightly. If he will do none of these things, then he knows not what he means. § III. But I can still teach thee another tiling,' which >to foolish men will seem yet more incredible, andis nevertheless suitable enough to the argument which we are holding. Then 200 BOETHnrs. chap, xxxtiii. jelic fam j^jelle tSe piC aejrcep rpyP'^f' ^^ ''P*!' '''■ ''P*'^ T $ laSinga. Da cpsefhe. pic ij-^'p Sayfelan^ bio]j micle gej-selis- pan Se on tSij-j-e populbe" habbaf micelne pean ;] manijpealb piCe' pop hypa* ypelum.^ Sonne fa fien ]>e nane ppaece nabbaf . ne nan pite on fippe populbe pop hiopa yple. Ne pene ?5eah nan mon f ic pop f »m anum Syllic pppece. 8e ic polfae unfeapap Cselan. ;) jo&e hepian. ] mib ^sepe bipne^ men Speacian 3 Cihcan'' Co jobum Seapum. popjjam^ eje S»p piCep. ac pop ofpum pinjum^ ic hiC pppece^" geC ppifop. Da cpaeji ic. Fop hpilcum^"^ ofpum Sinjum polbepc^^ 8u f pppecan.^' bucon pop- fam^* 8e fu nu paabepc. Da cpsef he. Eemunpc'^ Su f fit aep pppsecon. f pap f fa joban'^ hsspben''' pymle anpealb^' 3 %e- palpa. ■] fa ypelan^* naepben naeppe naufep. Da cp»p ic. Dsec ic jeman. Da cpsef he. ppseC penpc Su nu. jip f u Sepihpc hpylcne ppife imjepsahjne mon. ■j onjicpc Seah hpaec hpeju^" jobep^^ on him. hpsefep he pie ppa unjepaehj ppa pe fe nan puhc jobej-^^ neepf. Da cpaef ic. 8e me fyncf jepsalijpa. Se hpsec hpeju^' hsepf . Da cpaef he. Ac hu f yncf Se f onne be fam^* fe nan puhc jobep^^ naepf. jip he haepf^' pumne eacan ypelep. pe fu pilt pecjan f onne jec^' pie unjepahgpatSonne pe of ep. pop f sep ypelep^' eacan. Da cpaef ic. Ppi ne pceolbe me ppa tSmcan.''' Da cpsBf he. Telo fonne f 8e ppa fincf .'° onjic tSonne mib mnepeapban" TOobe f faypelan'^ habbaf pimle'' hpaec hpeju'* Jobep on jemong hiopa ypel. f ip hiopa pice f mon m»5 j-piSe eaSe gepeccan mib pihce him Co gobe.'" Ac fa f e him bif un- picnobe call hiopa ypel on tSippe populbe. habbaf pum ypel hepigpe -} ppecenbhcpe fonne anig'' pice pie on fippe populbe. ^ ip ^ him bif unjepiCnobe^'' hiopa ypel on f ippe populbe.'^ f ip f ppeocolopce cacn^' f»p maepcan ypelep on fippe populbe." ' Cott. yjlan. ' Cott. peopnlbe. ^ Cott. pitu. * Cott. hiopa. » yjeliun, deest in MS. Cott. « Cott. bypne. ' Cott. >peaSiSan ^ Syhtan. ' Cott. j:op}>a5m. ' Cott. Juncsum. " Cott. yppssc. " Cott. hpylcmn. " Cott. polbep. i^ Cott. j-pjisecan. » Cott. i:op>»m. " Cott. semanj-e. " Cott. gooban. " Cott. hsejrbon. '» Cott. anpalb. " Cott. yjlan. =» Cott. hpuju. 21 Cott. soobep. 22 Cott. Soofaep. 23 Cott. hpugu. " Cott. Jjsem. " Cott. goober. " Bod. nsBf*. 2' Cott. siec. =« Cott. yjrler- '^ Cott. hyncan. »° Da cpie'S he. Telo J>onne t >e rpa tincS, desunt in MS. Cott. » Cott. in- nepeapbpe. =2 Cott. yjlan. 33 Cott. jymle. ^* Cott. hpugu. '' Cott. Soobe. ^ Bod. am. ^^ Cott. unpitnob. " Cott. peopulbe. 29 q^h^ tacen. *° Cott. peopulbe. § III. BOETHITJS. 201 said I : "What thing is that ? Then said he : It is this, that those wicked persons are much happier who in this world have great misery, and manifold punishment for their evil, than those are who have no suffering nor punishment in this world for their guilt. Let no one, however, think that I speak thus merely because I would reprove vices, and praise virtue, and by the example urge and persuade men to good conduct through fear of punishment : but I speak it still more for other reasons. Then said I : For what other reasons wouldest thou speak it, except what thou hast just mentioned ? Then said he : Dost thou recollect what we before said, that is, that the good always had power and happiness, and the wicked never had either ? Then said I : That I remember. Then said he : But what thinkest thou, if thou seest any man very unhappy, and yet perceivest something of good in him ; is he as unhappy as the man who has no good in him ? Then said I : He appears to me happier, who has something of good. Then said he : But what then dost thou think con- cerning him who has no good, if he has some addition of evil? He, thou wilt say, is still more unhappy than the other, through the addition of evil. Then said I : Why should not I think so ? Then said he : Consider that it so appears to thee, and understand with inward mind that the wicked have always something of good among their evil, that is their punishment, which we may very easily, and justly reckon to them as good. But those whose evil is all unpunished in this world, have an evil heavier and more dangerous than any punishment in this world is ; that is, that their evil is un- punished in this world, which is the most evident token of the greatest evil in this world, and of the worst recompense 202 BOBTHIirS. CHAP. XXXVIII. !1 faer PyPffeani e&leanef aspteep Sij-j'e populfee. Da epsetJ ic. Ne' maej ic 6»]- ofj-aoan. 'Da epaejjhe. Fojifsempnt; mijefflebjjian pa ypekn. popfaemhimibip bucon sepypbcum pojigifKi hiopa ypel Sonne ifa fien fe bim ibrp hiopa yjel jeleanob be heopa' jepJTibtum. Tropjjsem bic ■ij- piht f mon ypebge J>a ypelan.* -j bit 'ip poh^ ^ hi mon IssEe impicnc&be. Da cpseji ic. ppa ojjpaec}) faep. Da cpaef be. Ne msajinan man Ofpacan f hic ne pie eaJlisOS^ f Ee pibc bif .'' ■] eall ypel f fee poh bij). :Da cpaep ic. Ic eom ppijie ^ebpepebmib^ippe pppuseee. ^ipunbpije* popbpi^'ppa plbcpip bema 'senige unpibce jipe pille popjipan. Da cpse-f he. Be hpam^'" epepc pu f. Da epsefic. Foptamfe^^ Su aap cpaebe fhe unpite fay be. f be leCe unpyc- nob''^ Jia ypelan. Da epaSjj'he. DkC ip hip peojifpcipe. f he ppa gipoP^ ip. ^ ppapumebbee gi;^. f ip mrcel Jipu^* ^ ihe jebiC o^Sest tSa ypelan'*. ongisa}) bjfpa'^ ypel ^■gecyppaf^'to gofae.'* Da cpsefuc. Nu ic onjise ■p ihit nip eoe jipu'^he jipf fam'' fplum. ac ip'hp8athpe^^°'«lfeuri5^^'] anbibfsep.hehpEanbeman. Fopjiam^^ anbibe f] popfam^* gejjylbe me f mc]? i^ 'be pre })e ppipop poppepen. 3 peah me'lieaj) ^ip^ppftU jenoj p6ll. ^ fync]? me genoj gelic^* ]wem JieiSu ®p pasbepc :• § iV.y Ac ic'^ebalpije^'-jet^* ^'Su me pegje^^shpaepep.Su pene ^ pa ypelari^' babban senig 'piSe asptep ^tppespopulbe;^ o^^e pa gobaii'" aMug eblean heopa^'^ gofeep.'^ Da cpaep he. pu ne ]-mhe ic^ sep^pa gobarl'^ babbap-eblean hiopa* gobej-j" aegpep je hep. ge on ecneppe. ■] Sa ypelan*^ eac babbap eblean heopa^7 j|:eiep;28 sasgpep ge hep. jeept on ecneppe. Ac ic piUe baelan'Sa yp^iaH^^'Sam ypelum'"' nu on cpa.*'^ poppampe*^ opep fesel papa ypelena*^ beeptS eee pice, poppam hi nanne milbheopt- iieYfe ne jeeapmobon.-opep baal peealbeon geelsenpob." anb Sa y Boet. lib. iv. prosa 4. — Sed, quseso, inquam, te, &c. ' Cott. pyppepcan. 2 Ne, deest in MS. Bod. ^ Cott. hiojia. ' Cott. yphge W yjrlan. » Cott. peg. » Cott. 5006. ' bi'S, deest in MS. Cott. ' Cott. punbpie. ^ Cott. jrophpy. i" Cott. hpsem. " cpeyZ >u % Da cpse^ ic pop>am, desunt in MS. Cott. '^ Cctt. unpitnob. " Cott. Siful. " Cott. gipo. " Cott. yplan. 16 Cott. hiopa. " Cott. SecieppatS. " Cott. goobe. 's Cott. teem. 2° Cott. hpilc hpugu. 21 Cott. elbcung. 22 Cott. popJ>asm. " Cott. pop>iBm. "Cott. gegongelic. " Cott. healpige. == Cott. gieB. » Cott. pecge. ^^ Cott. yplan. ^s Cott. peopulbe. a" goban, deest in MS. Cott. »• Cott. hiopa. =2 Cott. goobep. =3 Cott. gooban. '■" Cott. heopa. «' Cott. goobep. =» Cott. yjrlan. w Cott. hiopa. =« Cott. yplep. =' Cott. yplan. *" >ani yjelum, desunt in MS. Cott. *' Cott. tpua. " Cott. ropjjoem })e. " Cott. yplena. « Cott. geclsepnob. § IV. BOEIHITJS. 203 after this world. Then said I: T cannot deny this. Then said he: Therefore the > wicked are more nnhappy, because their wickedness is undeservedly forgiven them, than they are if their wickedness is ;reeompensed according to their deserts. Therefore it is right^that evil should she inflicted on the wicked, and it iswrong that they should be suffered to go unpunished. Then said I : Who denies this? Then said he: No man can deny that everything is goofliwhich is'right, and everything evil which is wrong. Then ^eaid I : I am very much troubled with this discourse, and'wonfler why so righteous a judge should- bestow any unjust gift. Then said he : Wherefore sayest thou that ? ' Then said I : Because thou before saidst that he did wrong, inasmuch as he left: the wicked unpunished. Then-said he: That is his glory, that he is so bountiful, and" bestows so. abundantly. Itis a great- gift that he waits till the wicked are sensible af'their evil and turn to good. Then said I: Now I understand that itiis'not an eternal .gift .which he gives to the wicked, but -is irather the delay, and'.waiting of the 'highest judge. On account of his waiting and forbearance, rethinks ihe is the more despised ; and yet this argument pleases me well enough, and. seems to me like enough to what thou before saidst. § TV. But ;l!beseech"thee,.now,'that thou wouldest tell me whetherthouithinkestithat the wicked have any punishment afterithisworld; or the goad any reward for their goodness P Then said he: Did I not say to thee before, that the good have recompense for their goodness both here and for ever ; and the wicked alsoibave recompense for their evil, both here, and also for ever ? But I will now divide the wicked from the wicked in two parts. For one part of the wicked shall have eternal punishment, because they have deserved no mercy ; and the other part shaU be cleansed and proved in the 201i BOETHItrS. CHAP. XXXVIII. amepefa on fam'^ heofonlicon fype. )-pa hep bif j-ylfoji.^ pop- fam^ he hasff j-ume jeeapnunja j-umepe milbheoptnejje. j:op. fam* he moC cuman aepcep fam^ eapfofum to ecpe ape. Eit ic fe mihce peccan mape.^ segf ep ge be f am'' go&um.^ je be fan)' yplum. gip*" ic nu semcan-'^ haepbe. Ac ic onbpBebe ^ ic poplete^^ f pit Sep septep appjTiebon.'^ f psep f pit polbon gepeccan ^ Su onjeate '^ fa yplan nsepbon^* nsenne a'npealb.^* ne nsenne peopfpcipe. ne on Sipj-e populbe.^^ ne on faspe to- peapban. popfsem fe ])uhte sep f eallpa Smja' pyppept f fu penbept''^ f hi hsepbon" to micelne. ;] f ealne pej^' piopobept^" "p hi ealne pej^' naepon on pite. 3 le f e psebe ealne^^ peg '^ hi nseppe ne biof buton pite. feah Se ppa ne ^ince. Ac ic pat 8eah f ])u pilt piopian "p hi ppalanjne^' FYPF^ habbaj) leap^* ypel to bonne, "j ic fe psebe ealne peg f pe pyppt bif ppife lytle hpile. anb ic 6e pecje jet.^' ppa ppa he lengpa bif. ppa hi biof iinge- psehjpan. f him psepe ealpa msept unpself f^^ 'f pe pyppt psepe o]) bomep bsej. Anb ic ?5e psebe eac f Sa psepon ungepseligpan 8e him unpihtlice hiopa ypel popbopen psepe. fonne fa psepen f e him^' hiopa^* yp^l pyhtlice ongeppecen psepe. get^' hit ge- bypep f Se f mcf f fa oppopgan bif ^^ gepaeligpan^i Sonne^^ fa gepitnoban ; • § V.' Da cpsef ic. Ne tSincf me nseppe nanpuht ppa pofhc ppa me fincf Sin^^ ppell f sem timum'* f e ic fa gehepe. Ac gip 10 me penbe to Sipep polcep borne, f onne nip hit no '^ an ■^ hi nyllaf f ippe tSmpe pace gelepan. ac hi hit neUaf '° pupf um ge- hipan.'^ Da cpsef he. Nip f nan punbop. Ppset fu papt f fa men f e habbaf unhale eagan. ne ihagon pul eaf e locian ongean fa punnan Sonne hio beophtopt'' pcinf . ne pupfum on pype.'* ne on nan puht beophtep^' hi ne lypc locian. gip pe seppel lep '^ Boet. lib. iv. prosa 4. — Turn ego, Cum tuas, inquam, &c. ■ ' Cott. }>BBm. 2 Cott. peoljop. 3 Cott. j:opJ)»m. ' Cott. jrop- tBem. 5 Cott. >Eeiu. « Cott. meahce mape peccan. ' Cott. >asm. 8 Cott. Soobum. 9 Cott. i>tem. '» Cott. >rep. " Cott. semectan. " Cott. poptece. " Cott. ppypebon. " Cott. nsepben. " Cott. anpalb. « Cott. peopulbe. " Cott. penbep. >» Cott. h«j:ben. " Cott. call neg. ^ Cott. riojrobep. 2> Cott. eall neg. " Cott. eallne. 23 Cott. longne. '* Cott. leape. '^ Cott. gieS. '^ % deest in MS. Cott. " ),e him, deaunt in MS. Cott. 28 Cott. heopa. « Cott. gie. 3» Cott. bio«. 31 Boa. et Cott. ungepBelispan. ^^ Cott. J>onne >onne. =' Cott_ jjincaS Jjine. ^i Qg^^_ cibum. =' Cott. nyllatS. "' Cott. gehepan., "' Cott. beopeops. " Cott. opyp. '» Cott. beoptep. § T. BOETHIUS. 205 heavenly fire, as silver here is, because it has some deserving of some mercy, wherefore it may come after these troubles to everlasting honour. Still I could instruct thee more both concerning the good and concerning the evil, if I now had leisure. But I fear that I should neglect what we were be- fore seeking after, that is, that we would argue so that thou mightest perceive that the wicked have no power, nor any honour, either in this world or in that to come. For for- merly this appeared to thee the worst of all things, that thou thoughtest they had too much ; and thou always didst lament that they were not always punished : and I always said to thee, that they never are without punishment, though it ap- pear not so to thee. But I know, however, that thou wUt lament that they have so long time permission to do evil ; and I have always said to thee, that the time is a very little while ; and I now say to thee, that the longer it is, the more unhappy they are, and it would be to them the greatest un- happiness of all, that the time continued till doomsday. And I said to thee also, that they would be more unhappy if their evil were unjustly passed over, than they would be if their evil were justly punished. Tet it so happens that thou thinkest those who have impunity are happier than those who are punished. § V. Then said I : Nothing ever appears to me so true as thy arguments appear to me, at the times when I hear them. But if I turn myself to the judgment of this people, they not only are unwilling to believe this thy doctrine, but they will not even hear it. Then said he : Tbat is no wonder. Thou knowest that the men who have unsound eyes cannot very easily look at the sun when she shines brightest, nor indeed do they choose to look on fire, or on anything bright, though the apple of the eye be left. In like manner the sinful minds 206 BOETHnrs. chap, xxxviii. hip. j^a biofi ])a j-ynnjnillain' Xob ablenb mib hiopa^ ypelan' jnUaiii f hvne majon gej-ion ■f liolifc* J^aspe beojihcan j-ofp 86)-c- nejye. f ip feihehjra f^ij-bom. Ac him bij* fpa paem'Fusliim. ^ Jteem biopum. fe ma^n^ bee looian on nihc ^onne on bsej. j-e &»5 blenc ■] Siojicjia)» hiopa eagan. ■]' Ssepe nibce fioptpo hi onlihtaj), Fopfy penaf Sa ablenbanOOob. f f fie po msepce ge- fself ^ men j-eo alepeb ypel to bonne. 3 pobaeb him moce bion impicnob. pop]78em hi ne^ lypc j^ipian aptep aelcpe pppsece ppa lan^e oS he'^,ipyhC]mt!on. ac penba]) on hiopa unjnht3an' pllan tl rpypiS^]' sepcep pssTOi Dy ic nac hu nyca' pu me csehpc co Jxsem bypejum monnum. he nseppe aepcep me ne ppypiaf. Ic ne pppece nseppe Co]rsem) Ac I'c pppece co Se. popfsem 8u tBohhapc f t5u ppypije apcep- me. ^ ppifop ppmopc on pam ppope ^onne hi bon. Ne pecce ic hpaec hi beman. Ic laece nu CO Sinum bome ma fonne co hiopa. pop])am hi ealle lociaf mib bam^ eajnm on ]>ap eopfhcan tSing. -j hi him liciajr eallunja. segpep'ge on fasp CDobep eajum. ge on paep hchoman. Ac Su ana hpilum bepcylpC mib o])pe eagan on pa heopenhcan pinj. mib ofpe^" piU'locapc nuigec on fap eopflicanj poppaem penaf J>a'byp5an"p selc mon pie blmb ppa hi pine. ■] f nan mon ne msege peon*' f hijepion ne magon, D»C byj-ij ip anhccopc fe pum cilb pie puU hal^ pull alcsepe^ebopen. -j ppa pulhce^ionbe on eaUum cypcum ^ cpaepcum. fa hpile fe hiC on 'cnihchabe biopi^'' -] ypa, popf eallne Sonne giojof hab. of pe he pypf selcep cpKfCep mebeme. -j- Sonne- lycle sep hip mibpephpe peoppei^'' bBem^^^easum blmb; ^ eae psep CKobep ea5an peoppan ppa ab- lenbe f he'^ nanpuhtr ne jemune psep 8ehe asppe sep gepeah oiSSe gehepbe. -j pene peah f he pre S6l6ep; Singep ppa mebeme ppa he seppemebemapcis psepe. ■] penp^ selonmmen pie ppa ppa him pii -J selcum men^' pynce^* ppa ppa himpmcp. peah pe*' he Sonne ppaS^ypig pie ■p he psep pene. hpsepep pe Sonne pillon^" ealle penan Saep pe he penp. ic pene peah f pe nyUen.^' Ac polbe pican hu pe puhce be pam^^ monnum 8e piC sep cpsebon 1 Cott. beoS. 2 Cott. heopa. ' Cott. yplan. ' Cott. leohe. = Bod. >a mag. » Bod. et Cott. hine. ' Cott. unneecan. ' Cott. nyE. 9 Cott. bKm. 1" mib o'Spe, desunt in MS. Cott. " Cott. genon. 12 Cott. biS. " peopte, deest in MS. Bod. " Bod. bam. " Cott. hie. '« Cott. mebomirc. " pe j-pa ppa him p. ^ telcum men, desunt in MS. Cott. " Cott. Jjince. '^ Jieah J)e, desunt in MS. Cott. " Cott. pillen. 21 Bod. nylla^. 22 Cott. ]>xm. §' V. BOETHITJB. 207 are blinded by their evil' will, so that they are not' able to be- hold'the light of bright ttuth, which is the highest wisdom. But it is with them, as with the birds and the beasts which can see better by night than by day. The day blinds and darkens their ey-ea, and the darfcness of the night enlightens them. Therefore the blinded minds think that this is the greatest happiness, that a man-should be permitted to do evil, and his deed should be unpunished. For they are not desirous to inquire' after every instruction, untile they know what is right, but turn to their evil will, and' seek after it. There- fore I know not' to what purpose thou teachest' me to the foolish men who never inquire after me. I never speak to them; but I' speaki to thee, because thou art inclined to seek after me, andlabourest more in the pursuit than they do. I care not' what they judge. I approve thy judgment more than theirSj for they all look with both eyes/ as- well with the eyes of the mind as with if^ose of the body, on these earthly things; which excessively delight them^ But thou alone sometimes lookest with one eye on the heavenly things, and with the other thou lookest as yet on these earthly things. For the foolish think that every man is as blind as they are, and that no man is able to see what they cannot behold. Such folly is most like to this ; that a child should be born full sound and full healthy, and so flourishing in all excellences and virtues, during childhood and afterwards throughout youth, that he becomes capable of every art ; and.then a little before his middle-age, fee- should become bliad in both eyes, and also the eyes-of the mindishould becomeso blinded, that he remembers nothing which he ever before saw or heard: and nevertheless- he should think that he is as capable of everything as he ever was wTien most capable : and should think that it is with every man as it is with him ; and that it seems to every man as it seems to him. But though he were so foolish as to think so, should, we all think as he thinks ? I think, however, that we should not. But / wish to know what thou thinkest concerning the men of whom we before 208 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXTIII. f imc fuhce f paapon^ pilbiopum jelicpan 8onne monnum. hu micelne ^ij-bom fa hsejrbon.^ me fmcf tJeah f hi naljbsen* nsenne ; • § VI.* Ic tSe polbe jec* peccan fume pihtne pace.^ Ac ic pat f pip pole hip nyle' jelepan.^ f iT fV^ ^^°V Sepaelegpan ])e mon picnoj).* Sonne pa bion fe hi piCnia}). Da punbpobe ic fsep ^ cpaf. Ic polbe f pu mejepeahce' hu^° hit ppa bion mihte.^^ Da cpsejj he. ppasfep ))u onjice ■p aelc ypelpillenbe mon 3 selc ypelpypcenbe pie picep pypfe. Da cpsef ic. Denog ppeocole ic f ongice. Da cpaef he. pu ne ip pe ponne ypelpiUenbe anb ypel- pypcenbe t5e pone unj-cylbjan pitnof.^^ Da cpasp ic. Spa hic ip ppa fu pejpc." Da cp»}) he. ppaefep fu pene f fa pien eapme 'J ungepselige fe piCep pypfe biop. Da cpsef ic. Ne pene ic hip no. ac pac geapa.-'* Da cpap he. Eif fu nu beman mopce.'" hpaepepne polbepc^^ pu beman piCep pypfpan. Se pone un- pcylbjan" pitnobe. feSonefe^pitepolobe.'* Da cpseS ic. Nip f gelic. ic polbe helpan ])aep pe Saep unpcylbig paepe. anb henan pone'^' pe hine ypelobe.^" Da cpae]) he. Donne fe pincjj pe eapmpa pe f ypel bep. Sonne pepe hic fapa)). Da cp»]> ic. Deep ic jelepe ^ ce aelc unpiht picnunj pie fsep ypel fe hic bep. naep faep pe hic papap. poppam'^' hip ypel hme jebep eapmne. "] ic ongice f pip ip ppipe^^ piht pacu f pu nu pecpc. -j ppipe anlic paam pe tSu »p pehtept.^' ac ic pac peah f pyp^* polce ppa ne pmcp : • § VII .* Da cpaep he. J7el pu hiC ongiCpC. Ac pa pingepap pinjiap nu hpilum pgem Se laeppan peappe ahcon. pmgiap paem pe^^ paep man yplap. 3 ne pmjiap pam^^ pe f ypel bop. paem paepe mape peapp. pe pa oppe unpcylbige ypelap.^' f him mon pyngobe to pam^' picum. -j bsebe f him^' mon bybe ppa micel pite ppa hi Sam'" oppum unpcylbejum bybon. ppa ppa pe pioca " Boet. lib. iv. prosa 4. — Nam ne illud quidem, &o. >> Boet. lib. iv. prosa 4. — Atqui nunc, ait, contra faciunt, &c. 1 Cott. paepen. « Cott. hsfben. ■ ' Cott. n»bben. ' Cott. giee. « Cott. rpijie pihce jiaca. « Cott. nele. ' Cott. gelypan. ' Cott. pitna«. s Bod. sepehcej-c. i" Bod. hi. " Cott. meahte. " Cott. ])icna«. " Cott. r«Sr=- " Cott. Jeape. " Bod. moj-CorE. '^ Cott. polbe)-. " Bod. nonej-cvlbjan. '* Cott. >olabfc ■" Bod. i>oiine. "" Cott. jilobe. 21 Cott" jroptiaem. 22 Bod. j-pa. " Cott. peaheef. 2' Cott. Mr- " J'e, deest in MS. Cott. 26 Cott. >8em. " Cott. yjlatS. '' Cott. >»m. 29 Bod. >am f. so Cott. )j»m. § TI. Til. BOETHIUS. 209 said, that it appeared to us that they were more like wild beasts than men ? How much wisdom had they ? Methinka, however, they have none. § VI. I would now utter to thee a true observation, but I know that this people will not believe it : that is, that those persons whom men injure are happier than those are who injure them. Then wondered I at this, and said: I wish that thou wouldest explain to me how it can be so. Then said he : Dost thou understand that every evil-willing man and every evil-doing man is deserving of punishment ? Then said I : Clearly enough I understand that. Then said he : Is he not then evil-willing and evil-doing, who injures the innocent ? Then said I : So it is as thou sayest. Then said he : Dost thou think that they are miserable and unhappy, who are deserving of punishment ? Then said I : I not only think it, but know ii very well. Then said he : If thou wert now to judge, which wouldest thou judge more deserving of punishment, him who injured the innocent, or him who suffered the injury ? Then said I : There is no comparison. I would help him who was innocent, and oppose him who injured him. Then said he: Then, in thy opinion, he is more miserable who does the evil, than he who suffers it. Then said I : This I believe, that every unjust punishment is the evil of him who inflicts it, not of him who suffers it ; there- fore his evil makes him miserable. And I perceive that thia is a very just observation which thou now makest, and very agreeable to those which thou madest before ; but I never- theless know that this people will not think so. § VII. Then said he : Thou understandest it well. But advocates now-a-days plead for those who have less need of it. They plead for those who are injured, and do not plead for those who do the injury. It were more needful to those who injure others who are innocent, that some one should plead for them before the magistrates, and pray that as great hurt might be done to them, as they had done to other innocent persons. As the sick man has need that some one should 210 BOBTHITJS. CHAP. XXXIX. ah feappe f hme'mon laa&e Co fam^ Isece. ^he hij- tilije. j^a ah j-e J>e^ "p ypel be]?, f hine mon Isebe Co fam^ picum f mon faap masje jTiifan ^ baspnan hi)- unfeapa)-. Ne cpefe ic na ■^ f ypelpie^ mon helpe Jjsej- unpcylbigan* -j him popefmjie. Ac ic cp^e ^ hie ip betpe'-^ mon ppege fone pcjlbijan.^ -j ic pecje •pipio ]:opeppp8ec ne byje' 'nau]jep ne fam^ pcylbijan.' ne ]7am"' fe him pope finga]). jip hi frep pilniaf f him hiopa^^ yp®l ^n- ppecen pie be fsep jylcep anbepne. Ac icpac gip }>a pcylbigari"^ SBDijne ppeapcan :J7ipbomep hsepbon'^' •} be 'Bengum bsale on- jican.^^ f hi'mihcan's hiopa pcylba fuph** 'pitee^' gfibecan. fe him hep on populbe"^' on become, ^onne nolbon hi na cpefan •f hiCpaepe piee. ac polbon qjaefan f hic p»pe hiopa^' claen- puaj. "3 !heopa becpung. ^ nolbon nasnne fingepe pecan;^" ac lupithce hi polbon leecan ^a pican hie cucian sepcep hiopa ■OgnumpiUan. pop^Jsem ne pcyle nan pip man nsenne mannan hacian. nelhaca]) nan>mon fone joban. bucon pe ealpa^-"^ ^Yf^ jopCa.^^ ne-'p nip nan pihc f mon fone yp«lan haCije. ac hic ip pihfcpe fsec him mon milbpije.^' f ip fonne hiopa 'milbpunj. 'f mon ppeee:hiopa mlfeapap be hiopa gepyphcum.^* Ne pceal^* nan mon piocne monnan^* gepapjobne^' ppencan. ac hine mon jceolbe^' lasban co Sam^° laece f he hip Cihge. Da pe pipbom fa tSip ppell •apeahc hsepbe. 15a onjan he epc pinjan 'j fup cpaejj. CAPUT XXXIX.o § I. F0RPJ7I >bpepe je eoppu CWob mib 'unpihcpe piounje ppa ppaiyfa pop pinbe fa pse hpepaf. &6^e pop hpy aeCpiCe ge eopej^tejpypbe f hio nan gepeSlb nah. oMe hpi ne magon ge ■gebiban gec^feehcep bea^ep. nu he eop »lce b»g Copeapfeep onec. ppi ne.magon ge gepion f he pp^aj) aelce bseg sepcep ipiglum.t];8epC6p biopum.^ eepcep monnum. -j ne poplset nan " Baet'lib. iv. metrum 4. — Quid tantos juvat excitare motus,-&c. '»'Cott.'j>sem. 2 >e, deest inMS. Co'tt. ^ Cott. l^sem. ■• Cott. unrcytegan. ^s- Cott. tieispe. « Cott. rcylbgan. 'BoS. byfije. 8 Cott. Jjiem. 9 Cott. j-cylbgan. '» Cott. i>xm. " Cott. heopa. « Cott. rcylbgan- " Cott. hsejiben. " Cott. onSeaSen. " Cott. meahcen. « Cott. Jjujij. " Cott. j; pite. " Cott. peopiUbe. " Cott. heopa. ™ Cott. sepecan. " Cott. eallpa. " Cott. byj-sorfca. " Cott. milEpSe. " Cott. unpyjihtum. 2= Cott. j-cyle. ^6 Boi|. monna. " Cott. ^ sepapgobne. "b Cott. j-cel. » Cott. J>aem. § I. BOETHIUS. 211 lead Mm to the phyaickn, tbat he may cure him; so has he who does evil,'.that some one should leadrhim to the magis- trates, that they m^yicut off and burn his vices. I do not saythat it is wrong that men should help theinnocent, and defend him; but I say that it is better that we should accuse the guilty ; and I say that the defence does no good either to the guilty or to 'him who pleads for him,; if they 'wish that their evil, should: not be punished in proportion to . its guilt. But I know that if the guilty had any spark of wisdom,: and in any measure, knewihat they might make' amende for their crimes by punishment, which came uponitten here in this wo(rld,ithen!'Hiey-would.nat..say that it was punishment, ibut would say that it was their purification and itheir amend- ment; and would seek no advocate, but they'' would cheer- fully suffer the magistrates to punish'them;jaccQEdingto their own will. Hence no wise man ough.t toAateiany one. No one hates the-geod, except the mast foolish- of all. Nor is, it right that we hate the wicked; but it is: more right-that we have imficcyon him. This then ,is mercy to them, that we punish 'their vices according to their deaervings. No one ought to, afflict a^sickpersoniw^o isdiroubled; butwe should lead him to a physician, that he mayijoure him. When "Wisdom had finished this.dise0uxsQ,:thenl,begaa.he again to sing, and thus, said;: 'CHAPTER XX31IX. § I. Wheeepoee vex ye 'your minds with evil hatred, as waves through the twind agitate the-seaf !0r wherefore-up- braid ye your fortune, that she has no powerf Gr w% cannot ye wait 'for natural death, when be eirery day hastens towards you ? Why -cannot ye observe 'timt he: seeka every day after birds, and after beasts, and after men, and forsakes p2 212 BOETHIUS. CHAF. XXXIX. fpaef sap he Sepehf '^ ■^ he »fcep rpypef. fala pa ^ pa unje- faehjan menn ne majon gebibon hponne he him to cume. ac popfceoca]) hme popan. ppa ppa pilfae beop pillnaf opep Co ac- pellenne. Ac hit nsepe no manna pyhc f hiopa senij opepne f lobe. Ac f psepe pyhc. f hiopa selc jul&e oppum eblean selcep peopcep »fCep hip jepyphcum. f ip "p mon lupobe pone ^oban. ppa ppa pihc ip f mon bo. -j milbpije pam ypelum. ppa pe asp cpaabon. lupie pone man. ~j haCije hip unpeapap. ceoppe him op ppa he ppipopC msej ; • § II.* Da he pa pip leop apunjen hsepbe pa jeppeojobe'^ he ane hpile. Da cpeep ic. Nu ic onjice openhce f pio pope ge- pselp pcenc on '5obpa monna ge eapnunga. -} po unpselp pcenc on ypelpa monna je eapnunjum. Ac ic pecjje JeC f me ne pincp nauhc lycel job^ f ippep anbpeapban hpep jepaelpa. ne eac nauhc lycel ypel hip unjepselpa. poppaam ic nsappe ne gepeah ne Jehypbe naenne pipne mon pe ma polbe bion ppecca. -j eapm. ] selpiobig.' -J poppepen. Sonne pehj. ] peopp. ■] pice. ■] popemaepe on hip agnum eapbe^oppaem hi pecgap* 'f hi maegen* py^ ep hiopa ^ipbome pulgan ^ hine gehealban. gip hiopa anpealb bip puUice opep f pole pe him unbep bip. ^ eac on'? pumum baele opep pa Se him on neapepce bip ymbucon.' poppam^ f hi magen^" henan t5a yplan. anb pypppian^'^ pa goban.^'' poppaem pe goba^' bip pimle appyppe. aegjep ge on pip anbpeapban lipe. ge on 8am^^ copeapban. ■] pe ypela. pe mon hip yplep-" gepCypan ne maeg. bip pimle picep pyppe. ge on pippe popnlbe. ge on psepe Copeapban. Ac ic punbpige ppipe ppiphce pop hpi hic ppa penc ppa hic nu opC bep. f ip f mipcbce pica^° ^ manigpealfae^' eappopa'' cumap Co Sam^' gobum ppa hi Co pam'"' ypelum pceolbon. -} Sa gob^^ pe pceolbon bion eblean gobum monnum •gobpa peopca. cumap Co yplum monnum. poppaem ic polbe piCan nu aeC pe hu pe hcobe f geppixle. ^c hip punbpobe micle py laap. gip ic pippce^^ f hiC peap gebypebe bucon Eobep pillan 3 bucon hip gepicneppe. Ac pe aabnihciga^' Eob haep]? geeceb ^ Boet. lib. iv. prosa 5. — Hic ego, video, inquam, &c. » Cott. seppusobe. ^ Cott. goob. 3 Cott. elhobig. « Cott. p8ftSa«. ' hi mtesen, desunt in MS. Bod. « Cott. i>e. ' Cott. be. « Cott. bio« ymbuean. " Cott. jroptsem. " Cott. mteSen. " Cott. jryptjian. « Cott. sooban. " Cott. Sooba. •• Cott. J)»m. " Bod. yjrel. '« Cott. miphcu pitu. " Cott. mamgjrealb. " Cott. eapjrojju. " Cott. J)»m. "> Cott. t>»m, 21 Cott. goob. " Cott. pippe. 23 Qojt, telmehtega. § II- BOETHIUS. 213 no track till he seizes that which he pursues ? Alas ! that unhappy men cannot wait till he comes to them, but antici- pate liim, as wild beasts wish to destroy each other ! But it would not be right in men, that any one of them should hate another. But this would be right, that every one of them should render to another recompense of every work accord- ing to his deserts ; that is, that one should love the good, as it is right that we should do, and should have mercy on the wicked, as we before said ; should love the man, and hate his vices ; and cut them off, as we best may. . § II. "When he had sung this lay, then was he silent for sometime. Then said I : Now I clearly understand that true happiness is founded on the deservings of good men, and misery is founded on the deservings of wicked men. But I will yet sa}' that methinks the happiness of this present life is no little good, and its unhappiness no little evil. !F6r I never saw nor heard of any wise man who would rather be an exile, and miserable, and foreign, and despised, than wealthy, and honour- able, and powerful, and eminent in his own country. For they say that they can the better fulfil their wisdom, and observe it, if their power be ample over the people that are under them, and also in some measure over those who are in the neigh- bourhood round about them, because they are able to repress the wicked, and promote the good. For the good is always to be honoured, both in this present life and in that to come ; and the wicked, whom man cannot restrain from his evil, is always deserving of punishment, both in this world and in that to come. But I very much wonder why it should so fall out, as it now often does ; that is, that various punishments and manifold misfortunes come to the good, as they should to the wicked ; and the blessings which should be a reward to good men for good works, come to wicked men. Therefore I would now know from thee, how that course of events were approved by thee. I should wonder at it much less, if I knew that it happened by chance, without God's will, and without his knowledge. But the Almighty God has increased my 214! BOBTHirs. cnAP. xxxii. mmne ege 3 mine ppinga mib Siiruin pinsum. popptem he bplum j-el]? Sa geyaelf a tSwm gofaum,'^ ;] pam yjltun unj-s6l])a; , rpa hiC pihc paspe ^ he pttile^ b;^*e: hpilum he epB jepafaj) f fa jD&an' habhajj unj-selfa j ungehmp on'mseHejum pnigum. ■] tSa ypdan habbsf gej-aelfai jhimjehinpf^opc sefcep hiopa agntim jaUam pjnc ne msej nanopepjefencani bucon hifpeafj^ia je- hypige; bucon tStt me jec ]>y sej-cea&hcop o))iep gepecce. Ba asnbj-papo&e he ymbe lon^ -j qjKp^ Nif hit nan pun&op SeaH hpa pene f fPylcej- hpsec^ iinmyin&hnga' jeb^ije." ))onne he ne can' onjican 3 gepeccaiiifop hpiEob j'pj'lo* gepafaf. Ac ^n ne jTcaic no Cpeojan?'^ fpa job^'joeopipenb^-peal&enb^^ eallpa je- foeapta pdichce- fceop**' eaH ^ he j-ceop.'^^ ]'pyhte bemf ;] peaic^' eaiUef. peah fu nj'C© pop hpi-'^*he fpa^ j^a bo : • § m.^ Dahe Sapi]- j^ellJapehc^^ h8epbe;?Sa onjan he pngan •J cpaep. ppaunlSBpebpa ne punbpaf ]wep pobepep papelbep -j hip; pppcneppe; hu he selce bseg ucon ymbhpjppS ealne tJipe mibbaneapb. oStSe hpa ne pnnbpap f ce pume Cunjlu habbap poypcpan hpyppc Sonne pume habban, ppa ppa tunglu habba]) pe pe hacap psenep Sipla. pop piy hihabbaji'ppa pceopcne ymbh- pyppc. ppfiihi pmt ppa neahSa.m noppBnfae psepe eaxe. tSe eall pep pobop onhpeppp. otStSe- hpa ne papap pap. bucon tSq, ane pe hic piconj f piune cun^hi habbap len^pan ymbhpyppC. p'onne jxime' habban:. y 8a lengepcne pe ymb pa eaxe mibbepeapbe hpeappap. j-pa nu BoeCiep bep.;j6acupnup'pepCeoppa. ne cymp paep aap' ymb' ppiccij pincpa pwp he sep pap; 0886 hpa ne punbpaptSapt ^'pume pCBoppan jepicap im&eppa p». ppa ppa pume men penap '^ pio pnnnebo 8'onne hio Co-peCle ^ap- Ac hio ne bip 8eah py neajupwpe pape hio btp on mibne b»'^. ]3pa ne papap 8ap Sonriepepulla mona pypp opepcojen mib piopcpum. oWe epC^Sapteoppanpcmapbepopan pam monan. ;jine pcmap bepopan pape )Tinnan. 8jpBf hi punbpiap^maniep pj^lhcep; ]ine punbpia8 na^cemen^'ealle cpuca puHca habbap pm^alne ■] unnycne anban becpuh him: 088e'hpi nepunbpiap hi pap f hic hpilnmpunpap. hpilumna ne ongpip^ o88e ep je- pmnep pa. ^-pinba. ^ ^pa; ^lanbep. oSSe hpi f ippeoppe ■] epC » Boet. lib. iv. metrum 5. — Si quis Aroturi sidera nesoit, &c. ' Cott. goobum. 2 Cott. j-ymle. " Cott. gooban. * Cott. lunpS. « Cott. Sehpaec. ' Cott. gebepije. 7 Cott. con. ' Cott. yop hpy ntylc tob. ' Cott. on tpiogan. '» Cott. goob. " Cott. palbenb. " Cott. gerceop. " Cott. pelc. '* Cott. hpy. »= Cott, ajieahE. § III. BOBTHIirS. 215' fear and my astonishment by these things. For he some- times gives felicities to the goudj and. inftlici ties to the wicked, as it were right that he always-did. Sometimes again.he per- mits that the good have infelicities and misfortunes in many things ; and? the wicked have happiness, and it frequently happens to them according to their own desire. Hence I cannot think otherwise but that it so happens by chance, un- less thou still more rationally show me the contrary. Then answered he, after a long time, and said: Itas no wonder if any one think that something of this kind happens unde- signedly, when he cannot understand aud explain wherefore €fod so permits. But thou oughtest not to donbt that so good a creator and governor of all things, rightly^ made aU that he has made; and rightly judges and rules i#' ail, though thou knowest not why he so and so may do. § III. When hfi had made this speech, then began he to sing, and said: Who of the unlearned' wonders not at the course of the sky, and its swiftness ; how- i.t every day re- volves about all this middle-earth ? Or who wonders not that some stars have a shorter circuit thamothers have, as the stars have which we call the waggon's shafts? They have so short a circuit, because they are so near the north end i of the axis, on which aU the sky turns. Or who is not astonished at this, except those only who know it, that some stars have a longer circuitthan others have, and those the longest which revolve midward about the axis, as Bootes does ? And that the star Saturn' does not come where it" before was till about thirty winters ? Or who wonders not at this, that some stars depart under the seaj as some men think the sun does when she sets? But she nevertheless is not nearer to the sea than she is at mid-day ! Who is not astonished when the full moon is covered over with darkness ? or again, that the stars shine before the moon, and do not shine before the sun P At this and many a like thing they wonder, and wonder not that men and all living creatures have continual and useless enmity with each; other. Or why wonder they not at this, that it sometimes thunders, and sometimes begjns-not? Or,,agaih, at the strife of sea and winds, and. waves and land? or why 216 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XXXIX. pop fsape jTinna ]-ciman to hi)- ajnmn jecyn&e peopfe. Ac f ungejtK^Sije pic punbpaf faej- fe hit )-elbof c sephp. tSeah hit lapj-e punbop pe. ] penaj> f f ne'^ pe ealb jepceap t. ac pe peap gepopben nipane. Ac Sa pe pippet jeopne peopfaf -j onjinnaf fonne leopnian. jip him Eob abpit op jjam CDobe f bypig f hit Sep mib opepppijen psep. Sonne ne punbpiaf hi no pela fsep f e hi nu punbpiaf : • § IV .f Da pe |7ipbom fa fip leof apunjen haepbe. ^a je- ppujobehe anelytlehpile. Dacpasjiic. Spa hit ip ppa Bu pegpC^ Ac ic polbe jet f fu me hpset hpegu' openhcop gepeahte* be f»pe pipan f e mm CDob ppif opt gebpepeb hsepf. ^ ip '^ ic tSe aep ymb acpabe. poppam hit psep pimble* get pm gepuna f Su polbept selcum CCobe bijlu tSmj taecan ] pelbcufe;-^ Da onjan he pmeapcian '3 cye&p to me. Du ppenpt^ me on Sa maeptan pppsece 3 on Sa eappofeptan to jepeccenne. pa pace pohton esJle ufpitan ■] ppife ppiphce ymbppuncon. ■] uneafe aenij com to enbe faepe pppsece. poppam* hit ip feap fsepe pppsece -J tSsepe apcunje.^ f te pimle*" fonne iSsep an tpeo opabon bip. ponne bipSsep unpim aptypeb. ppa ppa mon on ealb ppeUum pegp"^ f an aiaebpe psepe t5e haepbe nijan^'' heapbu. -j pimle.-'' jif mon anpa hpilc opploh.-'* Jionne peoxon psep popon op pam^* anum heapbe. Sa jebypebe^* hit pset faep com pe fopemsepa Gpculup to. pe paep lobep punu. fa ne mihte he je- pencan hu he hi mib aenije cpaepte opepcuman pceolbe. aep he hi bepaej mib puba ntan. ;] popbepnbe'^' ?5a mib pjpe. Spa ip Sippe pppsece pe 8u me septep apeapc.''* uneafe hype cymf aenig mon op. jip he Kpept on cymp.^' ne cymf henaeppe to openum enbe. buton he haebbe ppa pceapp anbjet^" ppa f pyp. poppam pe t5e ymb f apcian pile, he pceal aepept pitan hpaet pie pio anpealbe popepceapunj Dobep. -| hpaet pypb pie. •] hpaet peap ge- bypije. -J hpaet pie jobcunb anbjit. •] jobcunb popetiohhunj. anb hpaet monna ppeobom pie. Nu tSu miht ongitan. hu hepij •) hu jeappope"^ pip ip eall to jepeccanne. Ac ic pceal peah ' Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Ita est, iuquam, &c. ' ne, deest in MS. Bod. et Cott. 2 Cott. r»Sr*- ' Cott. hpugu. * Bod. gepehcepe. » Cott. pymle. « Cott. j-elbcu'S. ' Cott. pp^nps. ' Cott. popJ>»ni. « Cott. apcunssa. " Cott. pymle. " Cott. psegS. « Cott. mson. " Cott. pymle. '* Cott. hpelc opaploS. '« Cott. teem. '" Cott. gebepebe. " Cott. jropbcEpnbe. " Cott. acpape. " Cott. cem«. 20 Cott. anbsic. 21 Cott. eappoJ>e. § IT. BOEXHirS. 217 ice is formed, and again by the shining of the sun returns to its own nature ? But the inconstant people wonder at that which it most seldom sees, though it be less wonderful ; and thinks that that is not the old creation, but has by chance newly happened. But they who are very inquisitive and en- deavour to learn, if God removes from their mind the folly with which it was before covered, then will they not wonder at many things which they now wonder at. § IV. When Wisdom had sung this lay, then was he silent a little while. Then said I : So it is as thou sayest. But I am still desirous that thou wouldest instruct me somewhat more distinctly concerning the thing which has chiefly troubled my mind, that is, what I before asked thee. For it was always hitherto thy wont that thou wouldest teach every mind ab- struse and unknown things. Then began he to smile, and said to me : Thou urgest me to the greatest argument, and the most di£B.cult to explain. This explanation all philoso- phers have sought, and very diligently laboured about, and scarcely any one has come to the end of the discussion. For it is the nature of the discussion and of the inquiry, that always when there is one doubt removed, then is there an innumerable multitude raised. So men in old tales say, that there was a serpent which had nine heads, and whenever any one of them was cut off, then grew there seven from that one head. Then happened it that the celebrated Hercules came there, who was the son of Jove. Then could not he imagine how he by any art might overcome them, until he surrounded them with wood, and then burned ihem with fire. So is this argument which thou askest about : with difficulty comes any man out of it, if he enter into it. He never comes to a clear end, unless he have an understanding as sharp as the fire. For he who will inquire concerning this ought first to know what the simple providence of God is, and what fate is, and what happens by chance, and what the divine knowledge is, and the divine predestination, and what the freedom of men is. Now thou mayest perceive how weighty and difficult all this is to explain. But I will nevertheless endeavour to 218 BOBTHirS. CHAP. XXXIX. hpset hpeja^ hifongmnaniTjetoCBecaime.p^pfam^ ichabbe on- jiten f hit ip ppife micellaecebom Sinpe popge-. jip ]ju ]>ipep auhc ongitpc ^eah'hit me lang co laepenne pie. pD}i]>»m hit ip neah ]7sepe a&e 8eic geCioKhob hsepbe on oSeppeopc co ponne. ;]iSec naebbe %, jebon. 3 me tSmc]» eac f ]>u. pabige hpsec hpegnunjep' anb fie fmcen co selenge Jiap lan5ain'Ppell..pp6lce ?Se nuilypce leofa.^'ic pac eac ■p 8e heopa^ lypc. Ac tSu pcealc feah jef olian pume hpile. ic ne mx'^ hit nu ppa hpafe apmgani ne semcan^ nabbe; popfsem hic ip ppif e long jpellj Da cpaef ic. Do ]-pBB))ep.])U pjlle ; • ' § V.s Da onjon'he pppeoan ppife peoppan ymbucon. ppilce he na fa pppsece ne msenbe. •] ciohhobe hic feab fjbeppeapbep ^ cpsef. Galle' gepceapCa. gepepenliccianb unjepepenlice.^ pCillu ■J unpcillu^" onpof »c f semr pcillan^^^ -} aec fam gepcaeffisan. -j »C f am^'' anpealbaii Eobe. enbebypbneppe. -j anbplican. ~j , je- mecjunge. ■] pophpswn hifc-ppa gepceapen paep. popf sem he fat f yi'' he tepceop call f he gepceop. nip him nan rpiiihc^* unnyc fraep ^e hesepoeop. SeEo&pjinafpmle^^ onfapeheanceapcpe hip anpealbneppe j bilepicneppe; Sonanihe baelf manega •] mipc- lice" gemet^ungBi eallum hip jepceapcmn. anb fonon^' he pelc eallpa: . Ac 'p i . ^ice pe hacaf Eobep-popefojic •] ihip- popepceapungt, ■p bif . 8a hpile pB-hiC fasp mib hjm bif . on;hip CGobe;,86p]jam** fe hic geppemeb peopf e. JSahpile fe hic.jefohc bif. . Ac pitSSan hiC pullppemeb bif. ^onne hacaf pe hic pypb. Be fjr mseg'selc mon pican 'p'hr" pmc aejfepi ge cpegennaman: je qw, tSmj.?" popefonc y pypft; 8e popefonc ip pior jobcunbe jepceafapipnep. pio ippsepc on Jiam bean pceoppenfee^^ fe eaU popepac hu hic gepeopf an pceatsep sep hie jBp«op]»j Ac ^;^ pe pypb hacaf. f bif'Iiabep peopc f e he selce basgi-pypt^ segfep gerfsep fe pe je- peof. ge fasp fe-up ungepepenlic bif. Acpe gobcunba popef one. heaf epaf ealle' jepceapa f hi ne mocon coplupan op heopaii enbebjfp&neppe.^^ Si® pypbSonne baslf eallum gepceapcum anb- pliCan. ■) pcopa* ■] tsba.. ■] . gemecjunsai Ac pio pypb apap of B Boet. lib. iv. prosa.6. — Turn velut ab alio oraaiprinciplo, &c. 1 Cott. hpugu. 2 Cott. j-ojjJJKm. ' Cott. hpusununger. • Cott. lio))a. » Cott; hiopa. « Cott. semeesan. ' Cott. polbe. 'Cott. eallaj ' Cott. Sej-epenllea anb unsej-epenlica. •» Bod. )>ille ^ unjiille. " Bod. unj-EiUan. " Cott. J)»m. " Cott. hpy. " Cott. piht. " Cott. rymle. " Cott. mij-leca. " Cott. J>onan. " Cott. »p)>sBin. » Bod. et Cott. hit. " Cott. J-rncg. «' Cott. j-ceppenbe. " Bod. pypbnerfe. §' T. BOETHira. 219 teach thee a little of it, because I have conceived if; to be'a very powerful remedyfor thy sorrow, if tliou learn something of this, though it be long for me to teach. For it is near the time when I had intended to begin other work, and I hav« not yet' finished this: and methinks, too, thou art rather weary, and these long discourses appear tb thea too lengthy, so that thou artnow'desirous of my songs. I know, too,. that they give thee pleasure. But thou must nevertheless bear with me for some time. I cannot so readily sing' it, nor have I leisure, for it is a very long argument; Then said I : Do as thou wilt. § V. Then began he to speak very far about, as if he intended' not that discourse, and nevertheless approached thitherward, and said: All creatures visible and invisible, still and moving, receive from the immovable, and from the steadfast, and 'from the singly-existing God, ordw, and form, and measure; and therefore it was so ordained, because he knew wherefore he made all that he made. Nothing of that which he haS' created is useless to him. God dwells always in the high city of his unity and simplicity. Thence he dis- tributes many and: various measures to all his creatures, and thence he governs tliem all. But that which we call God's providence and foreknowledge, is suck while it is with him, in his mind, before it is fulfilled, and so long as it is designed; but after it is fulfilled, then wecaU it fate. Hence may every man know that these are both two names, and^ two thingSj providence and fate. Providence is the divine intelligence which is fixed in the high Creator, who fereknows all, how it shall come to passj before it happens^ But that which we call fate, is God's work which he'every-dayworfcsj both what we see, and what is invisible to us. But the divine provi- dence restrains all creatures, so that they cannot slip from their order. Fate, then, distributes to all creatures, forms, and places,, and times, and measures. But fate comes from 220 BOETHITJS. CHAP. XlXrx. f am^ jepitce ■] of f am^ popefonce f aer selmihcijan^ Eobej-. j-e pypcjj sepcep hip unaj-ecjenblicum. pojiefonce fonne' jya, hpsec fpa he* pile ; • § VI.'i Spa ppa sale cpaspceja fencp ;] meapcaf hij- peopc on hif Xobe aep aep he ic pypce. ;j pypcf pt58an eall. fiop panb- pienbe pypb fe pe pypb hatap. Fsepf sepcep hij- ppefonce. ] sefCep hip gefeahte. ppa ppa he ciohhaf f hic pie. f eah hiC up manigpealbhc tSince. pum job.^ yam ypel. hit ip feahhim anpealb %obfi poppam^ he hic eall to jofaum enbe bpinj)).'' ■] pop jobe* be]) eall f f he bef. 8ip))an pe hiC hacaf pypb. pySSan hic ge- pophc bif . aep hic psep Eobep^ popefonc ^ hip popeciohhunj. Da pypb he Sonne py^pcf. ot5Se J)uph Sa soban"^" enjlap. otStSe fUph monna papla. oSSe puph ofeppa gepceapfca hp. otSSe fuph heo- penep tunjl. oype fuph t5apa pcuccena^'^ miplice locppencap. hpilum fuph an papa, hpilum puph eall t5a. Ac f ip openhce cup. ■f pio jobcunbe pope ceohhunj ip anpealb "j unapenbenbhc.^^ ■] pelc selcep pmjep enbebypblice. anb eall ping jehipap. Sume''' ping ponne on tSippe populbe"^* pint unbeppieb psspe pypbe. pume hipe nane'^ puhc unbeppiebe^^ ne pint, ac pio pypb. ■] eall pa t5ing pe hipe unbeppieb pint, pinc unbeppieb pam^^ jobcunban popeponce. be pam" ic pe piseg pum bippell pecgan. ^ t5u miht'^* tiy ppeotolop onjitan hpylce men biop unbeppieb psepe pypbe. hpylce^' ne biop. GaR'" Siop unptiUe jepceapc ^ peop^"- hpeap- pienbe hpeappap^^ on Sam''' pciUan Eobe. -J on pam gepcseSSe- gan. ] on pam^' anpealban. ;j he pelc eallpa jepceapca ppa ppa he set ppuman geCihhob hsepbe •] get haepp : • § VII.' Spa ppa on paenep eaxe hpeappap^* pahpeol. "J pio eax pcenc pcille. "j bypp peah eallne'^ Sone psen. anb pelc eallep p»p pKpelbep.^^ f hpeolhpeppp. ymbucon.^' ■] pio napa^* nehpc tSaepe eaxe. pio psepp micle paepchcop "j oppopghcop Sonne pa peljan^' bon. ppelce pio eax pie f hehpce gob. pe pe nemnap Eob. ■] ^ Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Sicut enim artifex, faoiendae rei, &c. ' Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Nam ut orbium circa eundem, &c. • Cott. Jjaem. ^ Cott. aslmehcigan. ' >onne, deest in MS. Cott. * Cott. hpa. 5 Cott. soob. « Cott. fop>»ra. ' Cott. bjiengS. « Cott. Soobe. » Cott. Eroober. " Cott. gooban. » Bod. pcuccena loC. 12 Cott. unanbpenblic. " Cott. 8umu. " Cott. peopulbe. " Cott. nan. '^ Cott. unbejij>ieb. " Cott. )>8em. " Cott. raeehE. " hpylce, deest in MS. Bod. ™ Bod. eal. 2> Cott. hor. " Bod. hpeapKob. 2' Cott. Jjsem. " Cott. hpeappaS. '^ Cott. aslne. " Cott. jTsajieltep. " Cott. ymbuean. ^ Cott. napi. » Cott. felsa. § VI. Til. BOETHITJS. 221 the mind, and from the providence of Almighty God. He, therefore, works after his unspeakable providence, whatsoever he wills. § VI. As every artificer considers and marks out his work in his mind before he executes it, and afterwards executes it all ; this varying fortune which we call fate, proceeds after his providence and after his counsel, as he intends that it should be. Though it appear to us complicated, partly good, and partly evil, it is nevertheless to him singly good, because he brings it all to a good end, and does for good all that which he does. Afterwards, when it is wrought, we call it fate ; before, it was God's providence and his predestination. He therefore directs fortune, either through good angels, or through the souls of men, or through the life of other creatures, or through the stars of heaven, or through the various deceits of devils ; sometimes through one of them, sometimes through them all. But this is evidently known, that the divine predestination is simple and unchangeable, and governs everything according to order, and fashions everything. Some things, therefore, in this world are sub- ject to fate, others are not at all subject to it. But fate, and all the things which are subject to it, are subject to the divine providence. Concerning this, I can mention to thee an example, whereby thou mayest the more clearly under- stand which men are subject to fate, and which are not. All this moviilg and this changeable creation revolves on the immovable, and on the steadfast, and on the singly-existing God; and he governs all creatures as he at the beginning had, and still has determined. § VII. As on the axle-tree of a waggon the wheel turns, and the axle-tree stands still, and nevertheless supports all the waggon, and regulates all its progress — the wheel turns round, and the nave, bein^ nearest to the axle-tree, goes much more firmly and more securely than the fellies do — so the axle-tree may be the highest good which we call God, and 222 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XXXIX. fe j-elepcan men pajian nehp: Eo&e. rpa jpa pioiiapu'pep); nehft^ faepe eaxe. an& fa imbmefCan.ppa j-pa j^acan. .jopjjanjjie^ selcep j^acan bip opep enfae paj'C on fsepe nape, ofep on t5»pe pelje. ppa bijjifam' miblej-can monnum. o])pe .hpile ih« pnea}) on hij- roobe ymb fip eopflice lip:* ofpe hpile ymb f jofacunblice. j^elce^ he locie mib ofpe eajan -to heoponum. mib ofpe Co eoppan. ppa jpa ]>a^;ppacan pcica])' ofep enbe on faepe pelje. ojjep on fsepe nape, .mifebepeapb pe ppaca* bi8 asj^pum emn neah. Jieah^ojiep enbe bio psept: on faepe nape, ofep on ))»pe pelge. ppaibio]) *Sa mifemepcaai^ men on mibban Jjamppacan. ^ }»a beCpan"^" HeapilJ8Bp6nape.;],pam»pcari'^^ineap ]>am'^^ pelgum. •biof peatpeepce. on feepe nape.*^ ■] pe napa on ])sepe eaxe. PpaeCiSapelga Seakhangiaf^^iontSam fpican. feah hi eallunga pealopijen on fsepe eopfan. ppa i>op fa maspcan men on fam mibmepteum. ^ fainnbmepcan*^ on fam ibecpcaa. ^ Sa bscpcan on Eobe. Deafa famsepEan ealle hiopa lupe penben Co ^lyye populbe. lirne majonfaap onpunian.ne eo nauhte ne peopfaf . Jip hi be nanum fcfflele.ne biof jepaepCnobe to Eobe. fon ma fe fsep'hpeohlep'^-pelga majon bion on^fam paepelbe.^' grp hi ne biof paepce-on pam*' ppaeum.^''T)^a ppacan oniSaepe eaxe. Da pelja^'^ibiof pyppepc faepe eaxe. jopSsem hi papatS unjepybe- licopc.^^ pio napuipaapf Taehpt itSaepe eaxe. popjiy hio psepf ge- punbpullicopc.^' ppa bofSapelepCan men. ppaihiihiopa lupe neap Eobedaetaf.anbippifop fapeopfhcantSins'poppeop.'^ ppa hi biop oppopgpu.*^ !) -l^r peccaf. ihu'pio -pypb ipanfepije. oSSehpasC hio^^ bpenje.'ppa ppa pio napu bitS pimle^' ppa jepurib. hnseppen 8a pel^ on^ Se hi;hnaeppen. "j 8eah bij) pio napu hpaechpuju Eobaeleb ppom Jjaapeeaxe. Be py tSu mihi:^* ongican ^je^' psen bip micle lenj gepunb pe laap bip>tob«leb ppom psepe eaxe. ppa biop Sa men eallpa oppopgopce'" aejpep ge liSipep. aniipeapban hpep eappopa.^-"^ ge Saep eopeapban. pa tSe paepte biop. on Eobe. ac ppa.hi ppipop'^ biop apynbpobe^' ppam iliobe. ppa.hi pplpop'* I Cott. neahpt. ^ Cott. popJ>aBm>e. ^ Cott. Jjsbiu. * lip, deeat in MS. Cott. ' Cott. rpilce. « Bod. iney. ' Cott. pSiciatS. « Bod. mibbejreajiSjfteTpaea. ''Bod. mBeptan. " Bod.^bepan. '" Bod. ct Cott. mKtpan. '^ Cott. JjsBm. >3 Cott. ncepe. " Cott. hongiaS. 15 Cott. mseceptan. '« Cott. hpeoler. " on, deest in MS. Bod. " Cott. }>a6in paapelce. '' Cott. >am. =» Bod. ppacannm. ^i Cott. peljea. 22 Cott. unJepebelicopE. ^ Cott. SepunbhcopE. " anb ppihop >ar eoplShcan Jinj jroppeo'S, deaunt in MS. Cott. " Cott. oppopSpan. =5 Cott. hi. " Cott. pymle. =» Cott. meahE. ^ Cott. J>e. » Cott. opropgepse- ^' Cott. eappo>e. '^ Cott. ppijjup. ^a Cott. apynbpebe. 3» Cott. ppi>iip. § Til. BOETHITJB. 223 the best men go nearest to ©od, as the nave goes nearest to the axle-tree ; and the middle class of men as the spokes. For of every spoke, one end is fixed in the nave, and the other in the felly. So is it with respect 'to the middle class of men. One while he meditates in his mind concerning this eartbly life, another while concerning the heavenly: as if he should look with one eye to the heavens, and with the other to the earth. As the spokes stick, one endiin the felly, and the other in the nave, and the spoke is midward, equally near to both, though one end be fixed in the nave, and the other in the felly; so are the middle cZass of men in the middle of the spokes, and the better nearer to the nave, and the most numerous elass nearer to the fellies. They axei nevertheless fixed in the nave, and the nave on the axle-tree. But the fellies depend on the spokes, though they wholly roll upon the earth. So do'the most numerous ctos of -men depend on "the middle cZass, and the middle class an the best, and the best on' God. Though the most numerous- cZ««s turn all their love towards this world, they are not ablefto dwell there, nor do they eome to anything, if they are not in some measure fastened to God, any more than the fellies of the wheel can make any progress if they are not fastened to the spokes, and the spokes to the axle-tree. The fellies are farthest from the aixle-tree, therefore they go the most roughly. The nave goes nearest the axle-tree, therefore 'it goes the most securely. So do the best men. As they place theirlove nearer to God, and more despise these earthly'things, so. are they more free from care, and are less anxious hawrfortune may vary, or what it may bring. Provided the nave be always thus secure, the fellies may rest on what they will. And yet the nave is in some measure separated from the axle-tree. As thou mayest perceive that the waggon is much longer secure, which is less separated from the axle-tree ; so, of all men, those are most untroubled, with the difficulties either of this present life, or of that to come, whoare fixed in God ; but as they are farther 224 BOETHIUS.' CHAP. XXXIX. bioj) jebpcfbe ;] jej-pencce. segfep %e on CiOobe je on bchoman. Spylc ifiaac ■^ pe pjrpfa hataf § VIII ."^ ... Be jiam'^ gobcunban popefonce ppylce pio pneaunj -) pio jepceabpipnep ip Co mecanne pif fone jeapopican* anb ppelce ^ hpeol bif Co mecanne pif t5a eaxe. pop])»m pio eax pelc eallep f aep panep. ppa bpf pe 5obcunba popefonc. he pCypef' tSone pobop -^ 8a cunjlu. 3 ^a eopfan Jebef pCiUe. ^ semecga]? fa peopep jepceapca. f ip psecep. ■) eoppe. •) pyp. •] lypc. 8a he ]7papa]7 -y jephcegaf.* hpilum epC unphcejap ;] on ofpum hipe jebpengf ^ epC jeebnipaf. -j cybpef* ale Cubop. anb hic' epC jehyt ■] jehelc. 8onne hiC popealbob bif. anb poppeapob. ^ epc geeop]) ■] jeebnipaj) fonne fonne he pile.'' Sume ufpican' ]>eah pecjaj) ^ pio pypb pealbe' ajfep je jepalfa je ungepalfa alcep monnep. Ic Sonne pecje. ppa ppa ealle Epipcene men pecjaf. ^ pio 5obcunbe popeciohhunj hip pealbe. nap pio pypb. ~] ic pac ^ hio bern}) eal finj ppipe pihce. 8eah ungepceabpipum monnum" ppa ne fince. pi penaf ^ 8apa ale pie Eob. tSe hiopa piUan puija]). Nip hic nan punbop. popfam hi bioj) ablenbe mib 8am^^ fiopcpum hiopa*^ pcylba. Ae pe jobcunba popefonc hit unbeppcenc eall ppijie pyhce.^^ 8eah up ]7ince. pop upum bypige. ■p iC on poh pape. popjjam^* pe ne cunnon ^ pihc unbep- pcanban. pe bemf Seah eall ppife pyhce. tSeah up hpilum ppa ne Since ; • § IX.i ealle men ppypia])" apcep fam hehpCan jobe.''^ je 5obe^* je ypele. Ac popfy ne majon W ypelan cuman Co fam^' hean hpope eallpa joba.-^' popjjam^" hi ne ppypia]; on pihc apcep. Ic pac^'^ Seah Su cpefe^^- nu hponne Co me. Ppyle unpyhc maj bion^' mape Sonne he^* jefapije ^ hiC jepypfe.^' ppa hic hpilum jepypp. ^ Jjam jobum^' becymf anpealb ypel on fippe populbe.^' ;] f am yplum anpealb 50b. ■] ofpe^' hpile ajpep jemengeb. te^'gfer^ je fam jobum.^' ge fam yplum. Ac ic fe ^ Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Igitur uti est ad intellectum, &c. 1 Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Nihil est enim quod mali caus^, &o. ' Cott. ]>sem. 2 Bod_ geapejnton. Cott. geapojaean ^ rpylce paf laenan >ins bio'5 So meeanne piS J)a ecan T )"pylce ■}> hpeol. ' Cott. aptepe'S. » Cott. geSpEejia^ i pliEega'S. = Cott. tabpetS. « Bod. et Cott. hi. ' he pile, desunt in MS. Cott. ' Cott. utJpiofcan. ^ Cott. polb. 1° Cott. men. " Cott. Jiaein. " Cott. heopa. " Cott. pihEe. " Cott. popJ)8em. is Cott. ppipiaS. '« Cott. Joob. " Cott. ^. »' Cott. >SBm. '9 Cott. gooba. ■" Cott. pophasm. 2' Cott. naC. 22 Cott. cp8e>e. « Cott. beon. " Cott. ge. 25 Cott. gepeop>e. 2» Cott. goobum. 27 Cott, peopulbe. «» Cott. oSJipe. ■ " Cott. goobum. § VIII. IX. BOETHIUS. 225 separated from Grod, so are they more troubled and afflicted both in mind and in body. Such is what we call fate. . . . § VIII. . . . With respect to the divine providence ; as argument and reasoning is, compared with the intellect, and such the wheel is, compared with the axle-tree. For the axle-tree regulates all the waggon. In like manner does the divine providence. It moves the sky an d the stars, and makes the earth immovable, and regulates the four elements, that is, water, and earth, and fire, and air. Thesg,4&i^>@^^?^^ ^^^ forms, and sometimes again changes tljerr appearance,V and brings them to another form, and aft^wards renews thimj/- and nourishes every production, and ^(lin hides and preserves it when it is grow^i.plf'. and witheffid, and again discovers and renews it whenfjoZiV'^-r he wills, i oome philosophers how- ever say, that fate riileS'both the, felicities and the infelicities of every man. BS I saV, as All (Ctiristian men say, that the divine predestination rul^ o^er hj4n, not fate. And I know that it decrees everything v^mr rightly ; though to unwise men it does not appear so. They think that everything which fulfils their desire, is God. It is no wonder, for they are blinded by the darkness of their sins. But the divine provi- dence understands everything very rightly, though it seems to us, through our folly, that it goes wrongly ; because we cannot perfectly understand it. He, however, ordains all very rightly, though to us it sometimes does not appear so. § IX. All men, the good as well as the wicked, seek after the highest good. But the wicked are unable to come to the high roof of all goods for this reason, that they do not seek after it rightly. I know, however, that thou wilt on some occasion say to me, "What injustice can be greater, than tJiat he should permit it to come to pass, as it sometimes does, that to the good unmixed evil happens in this world, and to the wicked unmixed good ; and at other times both mixed, as well to the good as to the wicked ? . But I ask thee whether thou 226 BODTHIrS. CHAP. XXXIX. aycige hpsefeji fu pene f senij mon pe j-pa an&jecpill" •p Tie masge ongitan selcne mon on f!yht hpelc he yie. f lie naufeji ne pe ne becepa ne py|i)"a ■Sonne fee feij- pene. Ic pat Seah f hi ne majon. Ac peoppaf jyvpe ofC on pen pe pifeo. i5e pitme men pecja)) ^ pie mefae pyjife. pime men pecgaf ■p he pe p^tep pyji![>e. Deah hpa mseje ongiean hpaec ofefi bo. he ne raaj pitan hpset he ^encf . Deati he ms^e pume hip pillan onjicam. ponne ne mseg he eaillne. Ic ffeMiseg eac jieccan pum bippel be JJsem i^a aruicSy j^^eocolop orajitam. tSeah hit imjepceafeprpe men^^gican neTnat^en. f ip poji hpi pe gofca Isece pelle 8am Jhj^m men pepcne bp^e 3 ppecne. ■) oppram haihim bitepne -j pcpangne. ^ hpilum epc^JJaKni unhalnm. pumum iifne. pumum pcpanjne. pnmnm ppeniiL pumum bicejm'e. Ic pat f aslc papa pe Sone opsept ne can. p/le )»8ep punbpMiiyicjp hpy hi ppa bon. Ac tep ne ' pTttmbpial)) ^' Ispcai'-nauh'EJpopj.sem hi piton f pa oppeiiycon; poppsemhi cumieaWlcerflnopa'^ebtpTMimerpe on- gitan ■] tocnapan.^ ~j eac SaT^isepfcapJje fsep yip pceolon. ppset ip papla hseio. bucie pihtpipnep, oSS^ipset ip hiopa untpymnep. bute tmjieiapap. ppa ip Jjomnc betqia laece yesfte pajAe. Jjoune he' Se hi jepceop. f ip Eob. he apaf fagaban.* 3 pitna]; tSa yplan. he pat hpsep selc pyjipe bif. nip hit nan punbop. poppsam He op fsem hean hpope bit eall jepih]). anb ponan mipcap anb metjap selcum be (hiip/gepyphcum : • § X.™ DsBtfe tSonne'hatap pypb. 'Sonne pe gepceSbpipa Eob. tie aelcep raemnep Seappe tpat. hpset pj5iop o^Se ^papap paep Be pe ne penap.^ Anb get^ ic pe msej pume bipne peapum popbum pecgan he fpam'' bs&le pe pio mennipce jepcea^ipKepma&g on- jican Sa gobcTiBibneppe. ■p ip 'S'oime f pe'Oiijita'p jihiliHri' moii' on oppeipipan. onoppe hme Cob 'ongit."^" ppilum pe'trohhiap f he pie pe betpta.^^ ~j ponnepat Eob f hit ppa ne brp. Donne iqjsBm bp»C cymp '(SS®e go'bep''^ o'S^ie 'JTelep mape ponne pe pmcp f ihei^pefie; ne bip pio unpyhtpipnep no onHobe. ac pio ungleapnep bip on t5fe pelpum. ^ %i'hit ne canpc on piht jeonapajn. Opt gebypep peaih ^ te men'ongiBap^man on 'pa ilcan pipan. fSe hme Eob onjit. Opt hit gebypep f te manije men biop ppa unjetpume.^^ seSl'ep Se on CDobe je on hchoman. f "> Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Hme jam fit illud fatalis ordinis, &c. » Cott. anbgitpiU. ^ Cott. oncnapan. a Cott. j-e. * Cott. >Bm Sooban. » Cott. na'5. ' Cott. i5it. ' Cott. taem. » Cott. hpilum. s mon, deest in MS. Cott. '» Cott. anbsic. " Cott. betpa. ^' Cott. goobep. " Cott. unspume. § X. BOETHIUS, 227 thinkest that any man is so diseeming, that he is able to know every one arigjlit, what he is, so that he may be neither better nor worse than he thinks him ? I know, however, that they cannot. Yet it is very often improperly the custom for some persons to say that« man is deserving of reward, while others say that he is 'deserving of piMDjishmemt. Though any one may observe what another does, h« camiiot kmow what be thinks. Though he may know some jprnri of his disposition, yet he cannot know it al. I can moreover relate to tliee an example, whereby thoti mayest more clearly understand i^te, though un- wise men cannot understaind it. That is: Whyidoesthe good physician give to this healthy man mild and sweet drink, and to another healthy man bitter and strong ? And sometimes also to the sick; to one mild; to. another strong; to one sweet ; to another bitter ? I know that every person who is unacquainted with ithe art will wonder ai it, why they do so. But the physicians wonder not at it, beeamse they know what the others are ignorant of. For they know how to discover and distingwsh the infirmity of each of them ; and also the arts which should be wsed with respect to it. What is the health of souls, but virtue? or what is their infirmity, but vices ? Who then is a betteir physician of the soul, tha,m' he who made it, that is, Grodf He honours tire good, and punishes the wicked. He knows what each is deservimg of. It is no wonder, because she from the high roof sees it all; and thence dflSf^ses amd metes to each aecorddnug to hia deserts. § X. Thisthen wemU fate ; when tihe wise <3nod, who knows every man's necessity, does or piSEniitS' anything which we ex- pect not. And yet I may give thee .some examples, in few words, so far as human reason is able to understand the divine nature. That is, them, that we soioetimes know man in one wise, and God knows him in another; Sometimes we judge that he is the best, and then God knows that it is not so. When anything comes to any person, either otf ,go©d oirof evil, more than it appears to thee that be deserves, the in- justice is not in God, but the want of skil is in thyself, that thou canst not rightly understand it. Yet it often happens that men know a man in the same manner that God knows him. It often happens tliat many men are so infirm, both in mind and in body, that they cannot of their own accord do q2 228 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XXIIX. hi ne majon ne nan job^ bon. ne nan ypel nyllaf unuebige. 3 biof eac j-pa unfylbije^ f hi ne majon nan eappofa^ gefylbehce abepan. pjifsem hiC jebypej) opc f Dob nyle* pop hij- milbhe- optnej-j-e nan unabepenbhce^ bpoc him anj-eCCan. ^y laep hi foplsecan* hiopa unpce&Jifulnej-j-e.' ^ peopfan' yyjqaii. jip hi apcypebe^ biof -^ jeppenceb.^" Sume men bio])-^^ aelcep cpseptep pull cpsapCije anb pull halije pepap -j pihcpipe. tSonne fine)) ^ Dobe unpihc f he ppelce^^ ppence. ge pupfum fone^^ beaf. )»e eallum monnum jecynbe ip^* to foLenne.^* he him jebej) pepcpan tSonne ofpum monnum. ppa ppa jio pum^* pip man^' cpsef. f ye jobcunba anpealb jeppijjobe hip bioplmjap^' unbep hip^' pifepa pceabe.^" 3 hi pcilbe ppa seopnlice. ppa ppa^^ man bef t5one sepP^ on hip eajan. OOanege cihgaf^^ Eobe Co cpe- manne Co Son jeopne f hi pillniaf . hiopa anum pillum. mani- pealb eappofe^* Co fpopianne. popf am pe hi pillnia]? mapan ape. -J mapan hlipan. T mapan peopf pcipe mib liobe Co habbanne. fonne fa habbaf^* f e popCop libbaf ; • § XI." Ope eac becymtS pe anpealb^' Sippe populbe Co ppife jobum^'' monnum. popfam pe anpealb^' fapa ;^lana^^ peopfe copoppen. Sumum monnum Irob pellep'" aejfep je job'^ ge ypel jemenjeb. popf aem hi »5]jpep eapniaf. Sume he bepeapaf hiopa pelan ppife hpafe. f sep ?5e hi aepepc jepsehge peopf af. fy laep hi pop longum jepaelpum hi Co up ahaebben. "j tSonan on opepmeccum peoptJen. Sume he'^ lee fpeagan mib heapbum bpoee. faec hi leopmjen 8one cp»pC jefylbe'' on Sam'* langan jeppmce. Sume him onbpsebaj) eappofu ppifop f onne hy fyppen. Beah hi hi eafe abpeogan maejen. Sume hi gebycjaf peopf licne hhpan Sippep anbpeapban lipep mib hiopa ajnum beafe. poppaem hi penaj) f hi nsebben nan ofep pioh Sap hlipan'" pypfe bucon ■■■ Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — Fit autem ssepe uti bonis, &c. • Cott. Soob. ' Cott. unsetylbige. ^ Cott. eapj:oJ>u. * Cott. nylle. ' Bod. nanum abepenblic. * Cott. jroplaeEen. ' Cott. unj-celS- jmaeyye. ' Cott. peojjJ>en. s Q^tt. apKepebe. ^° Cott. geppencEe. " Cott. becS. " Cott. ppylce. " Bod. )>onne. " Cott. ip gecynbe. " Cott. Jjolianne. " pum, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. men. " Cott. Serpiojiobe hirbeoplinsap. " hi)-, deest in MS. Cott. "> Cott. jrceaee. »' rpa, deest in MS. Cott. '' Cott. aeppel. '^ Cott. CCanige eiba«. '* Cott. eapjrojju. " Cott. hsebben. « Cott. anpalb. " Cott. Soobum. " Cott. anpalb. " Cott. yyelana. *> Cott pele^. " Cott. Soob. " hi Co up ah»bben "j Jjonan on ofepmeccum peopJ>en. Sume he, desunt in MS. Bod. =' Cott. sej>ylbelice. " Cott. t>ma. « Bod. habben nan oJjeppiolS Jjtep hhopan. § XI. BOETHirs. 229 any good, or avoid any evil ; and are, moreover, so impatient, that they cannot with resignation bear any troubles. There- fore it often happens that God, through his mercy, wills not to impose on them any intolerable affliction, lest they should forsake their innocence, and become worse, if they are moved and troubled. Some men are full virtuous in all virtue, and full holy and righteous men. Then seems it to God unjust that he should afflict such; and moreover death, which is natural to all men to suffer, he makes more tranquil to them than to other men : as formerly a certain wise man said, that the divine power saved his darlings under the shadow of his vrings, and protected them as carefully as man does the apple of his eye. Many so earnestly endeavour to please God, that they desire of their own accord to suffer manifold troubles ; because they desire to have greater honour, and greater fame, and greater dignity with God, than those have who live more pleasantly. § XI. Frequently also the power of this world comes to very good men, in order that the power of the wicked may be overthrown. To some men God gives both good and evil mixed, because they earn both. Some he bereaves of their wealth very soon, when they first are happy, lest through long felicities they should too much exalt themselves, and thence become proud. He permits some to be vexed with severe trouble, that they may learn the virtue of patience by the long affliction. Some fear difficulties more than they need, though they may easily bear them. Some purchase the honourable fame of this present life by their own death ; because they think that they have no other price worthy of this fame, except their own life. Some men were formerly unconquerable, so that no one could overcome them with any 230 EOETHIUS. CHAP. XXXII. hiojia ajmim pope. Smnemenpaeponjio unofejippijwblice. ppa f hi nan ne mthce^ mib namum pite opepj-fafaii. 8a bipiobon iwpa aapCeji genjum '^ihi nsepen mib picum Ofepppiffae. on JSaftm psef j-peocol ^ hi popheojiajobumpet^cum hBepbon 8one cpsept f hi^ mon ne mihEe Ofepj^ipon.' Ac fa ypelan* jop hiopa yjrlnm peopcum psspon jepitnobe oyep ppife.^ fopjjaam j} 8a pitu jepcipbon^ ofpum f hi rpa bon' ne bopfCen. ^ eac Sa Sebecan J>e hi Boimne bpociap. ^ irTPi]'® TP^o'^ol ^^cn 8am* pij-an f he ne j-eeal lupian Co traijemethce 8ap populb gepselfa. pop- paem hi ojt; cumap to 8»in pypptan^ monnum. Ac hpsec pille pe cpejian be Sam^" anbpeapban pelan. 8e opc ejmy Co fsem jobum.^^' hpssc he ellef pe butan Caen Saep copeapban pelan 3 SsBf ebleanef anjin^ehimEob jecib]D,ob'''haej:fifop hip gobaia" piUan. Ic pene eac f Ce Eob feUe inanejum yjinm^* monnum gepaelpa poppsem fe" he pac heopa'-^ jecynb anb heopa'^ piUan •fpa gepabne. -p hi pop nanum eapmjnma" ne bip-'^*' no 8y beccpan.^^ ac Sy^" pyppan. ac pe goba laece. f ip Iiob. lacnaf hiopa ClDob mib Sam^-' pelan. pile f hi onjicen hponan him pe pela come anb olecce Saem fjlaep he him pone pelan apeppe^^ oSSe hine pam pelan. -} penbe hip Seapap Co gobe. "j pojilseCe 8a unfeapap ■] pa ypel 8e be sep pop hip epmjram bybe. 8ume beop^' 8eah py pyppan jip hi pelan habbap. poiptfsem hi^* opep- mobisaf-*^ pop 8a6m pelan ■] hij- unjemeclice bpuca8 ; • § XII.° (TJanegum men bioJ» eac papgipene popfson^® fap populb^' gepaljja. ■^hi pcyle8am^* jobnm^'leamanliiopa job.^" ^ 8am*^ ypliiim hiopa ypel. popjiam^^ pjmle biojr pa joban^' 3 8a yplan nnjejjpaepe becpyh'* him. ge eac hpilum 8a yplan biof un- jepabe becpuh him pelpum. je puppum an ypel man bi8 hpilum*' ungefpsepe him pelpum. poppamfe^^ he pac f he uncela be8. -j " Boet. lib. iv. prosa 6. — ^Quibusdam permissum puniendi jus, &c. ' Cott. meaht. ^ Cott. him. ^ Cott. meahCe ojrepppij'aii. < Cott. jjlan. » Cott. rpiSJ'e. « Cott. Septipben. ' Cott. Sebon. = Cott. J>aem. ' Cott. pypjiepcum. i" Cott. t>aem. " Cott. goobum. " Cott. Ciohhob. " Cott. gooban. " Cott. mtenegmn ypelum. " Bod. >eah. '« Cott. hiojia. " Cott. epmjjum. is Cott. bye's. " Cott. betpan. '" Bod. he na >y. z' Cott. >»m. ^' Cott. apyppe. =' Cott. bio«. '" hi, deest in MS. Bod. zs Bod. opepmobgiam. " Cott. pop>»m. " Cott. peopulb. ^ Cott. )>»m. »> Cott. goobum. '° Cott. goob. 31 Cott. ]>xm. "'' Cott. jropjjaem. '= Cott. gooban. " Cott. betpuh. '' Cott. pimle. ^^ Cott. popli8em>e. § XII. BOETKItra. 231 torment. Tbese set an example to their successors that they should not be overcome by torments. In these it was evident that they, for their good works, had. the strength that man might not overcome them. But the wicked, for their evil works, 'have been punished beyond measure, in order that the punishments might restrain others fromj daring to do so, and also might amend those whom they then afflict. It is a very clear token to the wise, that he ought not to love these worldly goods im'moderately, because they often come to the worst men. But what shall we say concerning the present wealth which often comes to the good ? What: is it else but a token of the future wealth, and a beginning of the reward which God has decreed to him for his good disposition ? I suppose also that God gives felicities to many wicked men because he knows their nature and their disposition to be such, that they would not for any troubles be the bettep^but the worse. But the good physician, that is God, heals, their minds with the wealth, until they learn whence the wealth came to them, and the man submits, to him lest he take away the wealth from him^ or him from "the wealth, and turns his manners to good, and forsakes the vices and the evil which he before through his poverty did. Some indeed are the worse if they have wealth, because they become proud on account of the wealth, and enjoy it without moderation. § XII. To many men also these worldly felicities are there- fore given, that they may recainpense the good for their good,, and the wicked for their evil. Por the .good and the wicked are ever at variance with each other, and also sometimes the wicked are at variance between themselves, and moreover a wicked man is sometimes at variance with himself. Eor he- knows that he does amiss, and bethinks himself of the retribu- 232 BOETHirS. CHAP. XXXIX. pen^ him fapa' leana. -j nele^ Seah fasf gefpican. ne hic pup- ))uin him ne Isec hpeopan. ;j {Sonne pop tSam pngalan' ege ne mseg no peoppan jeppsepe on him j-elpim. Oft hiC eac* gebypeB f je yfla poplaec hij- ypel pop pumep oppep yplep monnep' anfaan. foppam* he polbe mib py cselan^ pone opepne f he onpcunebe hip peapap. ppincp ^onne ymb f ppa he ppifopc maeg. f he tiola]) unjehc Co hion pam* oppum. poppam* hiC ip fsep jo&cunban anpealbep jepuna "p he pypcp op yple gob. Ac hit nip nanum men alepeb ^ he mseje piton eall f Eob jeCiohhob hseptS. ne eac apecan •p ^ he jepophc haep^. Ac on {5sem hi habbaji jenoj. Co onjiCanne f pe pceoppenb*" -j pe pealbenb eallpa je- pceapca pelc. -j pyhce jepceop call f he jepceop. ] nan ypel ne pophce. ne jec ne pypcS. ac aelc ypel he abpipp op eallum hip pice. Ac Jip tSu BspCep Sam hean*-"- anpalbe ppypian*^ pile tJaep slmihcigan^' Eobep. ponne ne onjicpc pu nan ypel on nanum pmje. Jieah 'Se nu pince f hep micel on 8ip^* mibbangeapbe pie. poppsem hic ip pihc f pa goban habban 50b*' eblean hiopa jobep. ~\ tSa yplan habban" piCe hiopa yplep. ne bip f nan ypel. ^ Ce pyhc bip. ac bip job. Ac ic onjice f ic pe h»bbe afpieC nu mib pip langan ppelle.^' poptSsem J>e lypc nu liopa.^^ Ac onpoh hiopa nu. poppam^^ hiC ip pe laecebom anb pe bpenc tSe tSu lanje pilnobepc. psec tSu py eS m»;e tSsepe^" lape onpon : • § XIII.P Da pe j7ipbom$apipppellapehc^^h»pbe. pa ongan he epc pmjan. "j fup cpaef.lljif pu pillnije mib hlucpum mobe onjican Sone hean anpealb. behealb pa cunglu peep hean heopnep. pealbap pa cunglu pa ealban pibbe tSe hi on jepceapne psepon. ppa f pio pypene punne ne onhpinp no {Sap bselep pap heopenep {Se pe mona onipnp. ne pe mona no ne onhpinj? pap balep Se pio punne onipnp. {Sa hpile pe hio pap on bif. ne pe pceoppa. {Se pe hacap Uppa. ne cymp nappe on pam pepcbale. peah eaUe oppe pceoppan papen mib pam pobope apCep pape punnan on pa eoppan. nip hic nan punbop. popfam he ip ppif e neah pani up enbe pape eaxe. Ac pe pceoppa {Se pe hacaf apenpceoppa. {Sonne he bip pepc jepepen. fonne Cacnnaf he P Boet. lib. iv. metrum 6. — Si vis celsi jura tonantis, &c. > Bod. mapan. ' Cott. nyle. ' Cott. >8em pngalum. ' eac, deest in MS. Cott. ' Cott. mannef. « Cott. j-op])9em. ' Bod. Iteeaa 8 Cott. bionne J>aem. ' Cott. jropjjsem. '" Cott. j-cippenb. " hean, deest in MS. Bod. " Bod. anpealbe j-cvpian. " Cott. aelmehtigan. » Cott. >yr. " Cott. gooban liabben goob. '" Cott. hiebban. " Cott. apeEne mib J)y langan j-pell. " Cott. leo>a. >» Cott. f op]>Eem, M Jjjepe, deest in MS. Cott. 21 Cott. apeahE. § XIII. BOETHIUS. 233 tion, and yet will not cease therefrom, nor indeed suffer him- self to repent of it ; and therefore through perpetual fear he cannot be at peace with himself. Frequently it also happens that the wicked forsakes his evil for hatred of some other wicked man ; because he would thereby upbraid the other, by avoiding his manners. He labours then about this as he best may ; that is, he takes care to be unlike the other ; for it is the custom of the divine power to work good from evil. But it is permitted to no man that he should be able to know all that God has decreed, or indeed to recount that which he has wrought. But in these tJiings they have enough, to un- derstand that the creator- and the governor of all things, guides, and rightly made all that he made, and has not wrought, nor yet works any evil, but drives away every evil from all his realm. But if thou wilt inquire concerning the supreme government of the Almighty God, then wilt thou not perceive evil in anything, though it now seem to thee that here is much in this middle-earth. Since it is just that the good have good reward for their good, and the wicked have punishment for their evil ; that is no evil which is just, but is good. But I perceive that I have wearied thee with this long discourse, wherefore thou art now desirous of songs. And now accept them, for it is the medicine and the drink which thou hast long wished for, that thou mayest more easily receive the instruction. § XIII. When "Wisdom had ended this speech, then began he again to sing, and thus said : If thou desirest with pure mind to understand the supreme government, behold the stars of the high heaven. The heavenly bodies preserve the ancient peace in which they were created ; so that the fiery sun does not touch that part of the heaven in which the moon moves ; nor does the moon touch that part in which the sun moves, so long as she is therein. If or does the star which we call TJrsa ever come into the west, though all other stars go with the sky after the sun to the earth. It is no wonder, for it is very near to the upper end of the axis. But the star which we call the evening star, when it is seen westwardly, then betokens it the evening. It then goes after the sun 234 BOETHIXrS. chap. XL. aspen, fs&ji)) he ponne »j:aep Juaspe j-unnan on Jw&jie eopfan j-ceabe. of lae oppn]? fa jrinman hmban. ■] cjm]) pif jojian fa pinnan up. fonne liafcen pe Imne iiQioj)gen)"6eo]!)ipa. fopfam lae eymf eajtan iip. bobaf faepe jrmman eyme. 810 pume ;j pe mona habbaf tobseleb butpuht ima fone basg jamb fa nihc j-pif e emne ■] j-pife gefps&pelwje picfiaf fuph gobcjaimbainipopefcea- punja ~\ Tinaf pocenlice f leyiaf fam a8lmihci5aii Eobe, of bonwj- . bsej. pop fy lui Be l»c Dob on aiiie healpe f sep beoponep bioa. (jSjlse,]- hi popbon ofpa jepeeapca. Ac jepibpuinaliob gemetgaf ealla gepceapca -j jef psepaf fa he betepiiik him piamaf. hpiltam phbc pe pasca f bpyge. hpihim he jemengef f pyp bif fam cde. hjnliim f leohte pyp -j ^ beophce up g^epiC. 3 pioi hepiga eopf e pC fBBp mf epe be f aep cyningep gebobe. bpenjS eopf e aelcne pepCm ;] aelc cmbop selce geape. •] pe haca pimiiop bpyjf -j Jeappaf pseb 3 bleba. -j pepcmbsepa haeppepc bpyngf pipa bleba. hasjlap anb pnapap ■] pe ope paeba pen leccaf 8a eopf an on pincpa. popfam unbieppehf pio eopfe ■p paeb ■j ^ebef ,^ hic gpepaf om leujcen. Ac pe metob ealLpa gepceapca pe6 on eopf an ealle;gpopeiibe peptmap ■] ealle popfhpenjf. ■] jehyc fonne he pyle. ■] eoipaf Sonne he pile. '] imnf fonne he pile. Da hpile Se f a gepceapCa fiopiaf . piC peiehpEaipceoppenb on hip beah pecle. famon he pelt fam jepealblef epum eaEe jepceapcu. Nip nanpunbop. popSaiafe he ip cynrng. '3 bpyhcen. ■jiseipelm. "J ppuma. ] se. ^ pij-bom. ~j pihepip berana. he pent ealki ge- pceapCu on hip aspenba. ~j he hec ealle epc craman. Daec pe an ^eptK^Sega cymng ne pcaf elobe ealia jepeeapta. '^oiaBe pupbon hi ealle coplopene ■]- copcencce. anb to nauhce. pupbon ealle ge- pceapta. Seah habbaf gemsenelice Sa : aae lupe. f hi f eopian ppilcum hlapopbe. anhpasjniaf faep^ he heopa pealc. mp f nan pmnbop. pojoifam hi ne miEcon ellep bion. jip he ne fiopebon hiopa ppuman. Dapoplet pe l^ij^om "f liof.^ anb {^sef.to me. CAPUT XL;9 § I. P^iEDSR tSu nu onjite hpifoepifiop pppaeee pille. Ba cpsef ic. Seje me hpjbep hio pille. 'Da cpsef he. lepdle pecgan fast selc yfjih bio gob.^ pam hio monnum 50b* fince. pam hio him ypel fince. Dacpe&fic. Icpene^^hit eafe ppa bion maege. f eah up hpilum of ep fince. Da cpaef he. Nip f aep nan tpy* f 1 Boet lib. iv. prosa 7. — Jamne igitur vides, quid hsBC omnia, &c. > Cott. leo«. 2 Cott. Soob. s Cott. goob. ' Cott. Cpeo. § I. BQETHIUS. 235 into the earth's shade, till it runs off behind the sun, and oonies up before the sun. Then we call it the morning star, because it comes up in the east, and announces the sun's ap- proach. The SUB and the moon have divided the day and the night very equally between them ; and they reign very harmo- niously through divine providence, and unceasingly serve the Almighty God till dooassday. God does not suffer them to be on one side of the heaven, lest they should destroy other creatures. But the peace-loving God regulates and adapts all creatures, when they exist together. Sometimes the wet flies the dry. Sometimes he mingles the fire with the cold. Sometimes the light and bright fire goes upwards, and the heavy earth is stationed beneath by the king's command. The earth brings yearly every fruit, aaad every productioia ; and the hot summer dries and prepares seeds aod fruits; and the fruitful harvest brings ripe corn. Hails, and snows, and frequent rain moisten the earth in winter. Hence the earth receives the seed, and causes it to grow in spring., But the creator of all things nourishes in the earth all growing fruits, and produces them all ; and hides when he will, and shows when he will, and takes away when be will. While the creatures obey, the supreme creator sits on his throne. Thence he guides with reins all creatures. It isiuo wonder ; for he is king, and lord, and fountain, and origin, and law, and wisdom, and righteous judge. He sends all creatures on his errands, and he commands them all to come again. If the only steadfast king did not support all creatures, then would they all be dissolved and disipersed ; and all creatures would come to naught. But they- have in common one love in serving such :a lord, and •• rejoice because he rules over them. That is no wonder, for they could not else exist, if they served not their author. Then ceased "Wisdom the song, and said to me : CHAPTEE XL. § I. Dost thou now perceive whither this discoiiirBe tends ? Then said I: Tell me whither it tends. Then said he: I would say, that every fortune is good, whether it seem good to men, or whether it seem evil to them. Then said I: I think that it perhaps may be so, though it sometimes ap- pears otherwise to us. Then said he : There is no doubt of 1, 236 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XL. selc jrypb . biojj gofa.^ 8apa fe pihc ■] nycpj'pfe biof." ]:op])»m selc pypb. j-am hio pe pynjnim. j-am hio fie unpynpim. pop py cym]) Co f Bern jobum^ •p hio opep cpeja &o. o6Se hine ppeatije to Son '^ he bee bo. ponne he sep bybe. otJSe him leanije f he Sep tela bybe. Anb ep c aelc pypb papa pe eo Sam* yplum cymp. cymp' foppam cpam* pmgum pam hio pie jiepe. pam hio pie' pynpum. jip co Sam^ yplum cymp pepu pypb. ponne cymp he Co ebleane hip ypla. oSSe Co ppeacunje' -) Co lape f he epc^° ppa ne bo. Da onjann ic punbpijan anb cpaep. Ip ■^ pop inpeapbhce pihc pacu f Su paep pecpc. Da cpasp he. Spa hic ip ppa pu . pejpc. Ac ic polbe. jip Su polbepc. f piC unc penbon^'^ pume hpile CO pipep polcep pppsece. pylaep hi cp»pon^^ f pic pppaecon^' op ep monnep anbjec.''* Da cpsep ic. Sppec f Su pille ; • § II.' Da cpsep he. J7enpC tSu ^ ■f ne pie job.^' ■f nyc^' bip. Da cpae]> ic. Ic pene fsec hic pie. Da cpsep he. -lElc pypb^^ ip nyc papa Se aupep bej?."^ oSSe Isepp. otSSe ppicp.^^ Da cpsep ic. DsftC ip pop. Da cpasp he. Sio pipeppeapbepypb ip psem job*" pe pmnap pip unpeapap ■] penbap hi Co jofae." Da cpsep ic. Ne m»5 IC psep oppacan. Da cpsep he. Ppsec penpc pu be Ssepe 5oban^^ pypbe. Se opc cymp co jobum^' monnum on tSippe populbe."* ppilce''^ hit pie popecacn ecpa joba.^' hpepep fip pole msege cpepan 'f hic pie ypel pypb. Da pmepcobe^' ic^* ■] cpsep. Ne cpij) •p nan mon. ac cpsep"' 'p hio pie ppipe job.'" ppa hio eac bip. Da cpsejj he. ppsec penpc pu be psepe unpepenhcpan'^ pypbe. pe opc ppiecap^" Sa yplan co picnianne. hpsepep pip pole pene f f gob'' pypb pie. Da cpsep le. Ne penaf hi no f 'f job pypb pie. ac pena]> f hio pie ppipe eapmheo. Da cpsep he. Ucon healban unc f fie ne penan ppa ppa fip pole penj . dp piC tSsep penap pe Sip pole penp. ponne poplsece pic aelce gepceabpipneppe anb Eelce pihcpipneppe. Da cpsep ic. Ppi pojilsece piC hi a'* fy'* ' Boet. lib. iv. prosa 7. — Konne igitur bonum censes esse, &c. > Cott. Soob. 2 Cott. bits. ' Cott. gooban. * Cott. >Km. ' cym«, deest in MS. Bod. « Cott. jopjiaem tpsem. ' Cott. jy. « Cott. J-sem. s Cott. Jjjieunse. 'k Bod. sec. " Cott. peuben. " Cott. cpejjon. " Cott. j-ppecon. » Cott. gemet. " Cott. Soob. " Cott. njc. " pypb, deest in MS. Cott. " Bod. apepbeti. '^ Cott. pyjiciJ. ai Cott. Soob. 21 Cott. soobe. « Cott. gooban. " Cott. goobum. «' Cott. peojiulbe. ^^ Cott. ppylce. ^6 Cott. relcjia gooba. " Cott. j-meapcobe. ^s y.^ ijeest in MS. Cott. ^s Qotj.. ^pi'S. ^ Cott. goob. SI Cott. unpenlicpan. ^ Cott. Jjpeaca^. " Cott. goob. s* a, deest in MS. Cott. «' Cott. J>a. § II. BOETHIFS. 237 this, that every fortune which is just and useful, is good: for every fortune, whether it he pleasant, or whether it he unpleasant, comes to the good for this reason, that it may do one of two things ; that it may either admonish him, in order that he should do better than he did before ; or reward him, because he before did well. And again, every fortune which comes to the wicked, comes on account of two things, whether it be severe or whether it be pleasant. If severe fortune come to the wicked, then it comes for retribution of his evil, or else for correction and for admonition, that he should not do so again. Then began I to wonder, and said : This is a thoroughly right explanation which thou givest. Then said he : It is as thou sayest. But I am desirous, if thou art willing, that we should turn ourselves a little while to this people's speech, lest they say that we speak above man's comprehension. Then said I : Speak what thou wilt. § II. Then said he : Dost thou think that that is not good which is useful ? Then said I : I think that it is. Then said he: Every fortune is useful which does either of two things; either instructs or corrects. Then said I : That is true. Then said he: Adverse fortune is good for those who contend against vices, and are inclined to good. Then said I: I cannot deny it. Then said he: "What thinkest thou con- cerning the good fortune, which often comes to good men in this world, as if it were a foretoken of eternal blessings? Can this people say that it is evil fortune ? Then smiled I, and said : No man says that, but every one says that it is very good, as it moreover is. Then said he : What thinkest thou of the more invisible fortune which often threatens to punish the wicked ? Does this people think that this is good fortune ? Then said I : They do not think that this is good fortune, but think that it is very miserable. Then said he : Let us beware that we think not as this people think. If we in this respect think what this people think, then shall we forsake all wisdom, and all righteousness. Then said I : "Why shall we ever the more forsake them ? Then said he : Be- 238 BOETHITTB. CHAP. XL. ma. Da cpae]> he. FopfJ-'- f Aij-oe men yecjaj? f selce^ pepu pyjib ^ uapymj-iumu pe^pel. Ac pe ne pculon 8»)- jekpan. pop- faem fset' aslc pyjib bif gob.* ppa pe seji )pp8econ. pam hio pie pefii.* pam hio pie pynpum. Da peapf le apssjieb •) cpssp. DseE ip po]7 '^ ^u. pejpc. Ic nat Seah hpa hie bupjie^ pecjan **^egiium momram. popjiam' hip ii« mseg nan bypi man gelepan ;•* § III.* Da onpac pe ^ipbom paphce -j cpsef. Fopjiy ne pcyle nan pip monn pophcijam ne jnopnian* Co hpserai hip pipe peopjie. otSSe hpsef ep him cume ])e peifiii pypb i6e lijm.'^" tSon ma pe pe hpata leptiB pcyle ymb f jnopman. ba efc he peohcan pcraie.^^ ne bij> hip''^ lop na t5y laeppe. ac ip pen f hiC pie 8y mape. ppa bij) eac paap pipan meb py m^e. pe hum ppappe pypfe ] peppe to becymp. Dy ne pceolbe'^' nan pip man pallian-'* peptep hpep.' gip he seirajjia cpaepta peep. oSSe seeijep peopppoipep hep pop pop-ulbe.^^ 0886 ecep' hpep sepcep ^ipj-e populbe-i^ Ac aelc pip mon pcyle apinnan se^pep jeipiippa pej^am pi^be ge pip 8a pin- puman. py !»)■ he hme pop Ssepe' pympmman pypbe pcuptptipi^. otS8e pop Saepe pepan popepence.''^ Ac him ip peapp •f he apeiiMje^' pome mabmepCan peg betpyhp'* ^ssfm pepan pypfee ■] Saepe lipan'. f he nepilnijepynj'iimpanp^^e "j mapan oppoph- neppe Sonne hit jeaiethc pie. ne ept to''° peppe. poppsem he ne mseg nappep^" Trngemefufepicfcaji.^'' Ac hit ip on jhio^ia ageniim^^ anpealbe hpappe^f Sapa hi jeceopan..^* Dip hi pomie pome naib- meptata peg ajpebiam piUap. JSonme fcylarf* hi pdipe him pelpum jemetjian pa pinijirmam pypbe. ^ Sa oppopjan. iponme jemeCjap him Erob pa pepan pypbe ge on pippe populbe.^^ ^ «n pae||iie to- peapfean. Spa ppa hi eape abpeogan^' magam .; • § IV.'' pel la pipan menmpeU. gap ealle on pome peg "pfi eop' Isepap SapopemsBipan bipna pallia ^ofoenaguinena 3 ;pss]iia peopip- jeopmeiiia pepa Se «ep eop psepon. 6ala ge eapjaim g ibelgeopwai. hpy ge ppa unw^ftte pion^* -) ppa appunf^me.^' hp^ ge nelknii*'' 8 Boet. lib. iv. prosa 7. — Quare, inqnit, ita -rir sapiens^ &c. ■* Boet. lib. iv. metrum 7. — BeUa Ijis iquinie operatus amnis, &c. > 'Cott. foj^y >e. 2,^ice, deeatinMS. Catt. =Oo1*.iJ>e. * Cott. goob; ' Gott- ry pejie. 5 Colt, ^jrpjpe; ' Cott. j:oii>»m. » Boi. • nele nan byjug mon. ' Cott. Co jjii>e ymb -p jnopman. '" Bod. pyp>an')rcyle hpsep him cume J^BBpe J)ii pypb Jjfe l$a. " C6tt. pcyW. " hir, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. pcyle. " Cott. pilnian. " Cott. peo- pnlbe. '^ Cott. pophence. " Cott. apebie. i' Cott. becpeoh. " to, deest in MS. Cott. 20 Cott. nau>pep. 21 Cott. abpiojan. 22 Cott. agnum. " Cott. hp»>pe. " Cott. geciopen. 25 Cott. pculon. 28 Cott. peopulbe. ^ Bod. ge abpygan. '« Cott. pien. =» Cott. appunbne. =" Cott. nyllen. § III. IT. BOETHItrS. 239 cause vulgar men say that every severe and unpleasant for- tune is evil. But we should not believe it, since every fortune is good^as we tefor© said, wbether it be severe, or whether it be pleasant. Then was I afraid, and said : That is true which thou sayest. I know not, however, who dares to mention it to foolish men, for no foolish man can believe it. § III. Then replied > Wisdom shairply, and said: Therefore no wise man oiaght to fear or lament, in whatever wise it may happen to him, or wheibher severe fortune or agreeable (may come to him; any more tham the brave warn oupit to lament about this, -how often he must fight. His praise is mot the less ; but the opinion is, that it is the greater. So is also the wise man^s reward the greater, if more adverse, and severer fortjune comes to him. Ther^ore no wise man should be desirous of a soft life, if lie makes account of any virtues, or any bonourihiere in the world, or of eternal life after this world. Bnt every vyise man ought to contend, both against the severe fortune, and against the pleasant, lest he through the pleasant fortune should be preswrnptuous, or through the severe, idespair- But it is necessary for him that he seek the middle-way, b^ween the -severe fortune and the 'agreeaMe : that be naay not desire more agreeable- fortune, or greater security than is fit': nor again too seYeie fortime ; because be as UTiable to bear excess 'of either. But it is in their own power, which of them they will choose. If, theref&re, they desire to find the middle-w.ay, then onght they themselves to moderate to tbemsei'ves the pleasant and the prosperous for- tune. Thffidi "will G-od mondeTiite to them the severe fortune, both in this would, aiffld in that to cora«, so that tbey may easily bear it. § ly. Well ! wise men, well ! Proceed ye all in the way which the illngtrious examples of the good men, and of the men desirous of honour, who were before you, point out to you. 0, je weak and idle ! why. are ye so useless, and so 240 BOETHIUS. CHAP. II. acpen septeji tSam^ pijTim monnum anb septep Sam^ peopf- jeopnum. hpilce" hi psepon tSa tSe aep eop psepon. an& hpi* je Sonne nellon.* p])|)an ge hiopa feapap jeacpob habben." him onhypian.^ ppa je yyiTfoyc maejen. popfaem hi punnon aeptep pypfpcipe'' on tSij-pe populbe. ^ tilebon* jobep^ hhpan mib gobum^" peopcum. -} pophtonjobe" bipie fam'^ J5e »pcep him psepon. popfaem hi puniaf nu opep ]>xra Cunjlum. on ecpe eabigneppe. pop heopa"^' jobum peopcum ; • pep enba]) fio peopjje^* boc Boetiep. anb onginn^^" peo pipce ; • § V." Da pe J7i]-bom tSa tSip ppell apehc^^ haepbe. i5a cpae); ic. Spife pyht^^ ip fm lap. Ac ic polbe tSe nu myngian'* feajie manigpealban^' lape fe 8u me asp jehece be J^aepe Eobep popeciohhunse. Ac ic polbe sepepc pican xt pe hpaejiep ■p auhc^' pie -p pe opC jehiopaj) f men cpefaf be pumum tinjum f hic pcyle peap ^ebypian. Dacpaefhe. COepaftpelioppe^"^ ^ ic onetce pif faep f ic tSe mopte jelaepcan ■p ic tSe aep jehec. "j pe mopte jecaecan ppa pceoptne^^ peg. ppa ic pcyptepcne pmban mihce^^ Co pmpe cyiStSe. Ac hiC ip ppa pypp"* op uncpum peje. op faem pege fe piC getiohhob habbaf on to papenne. •p faec Su me aep baebe. hit"' paepe tSeah nyccpe to jeeyppenne^" 3 to'' on- jicanne. Ac ic onbpaebe f ictSelaebehibpep fibpep on fa pa]>ap op finum peje. f tSu ne maeje ept fmne pej apebian. Nip hit nan punbop tSeah fu getypije.'''* jip ic fe laebe be fam^' yegs. Da cpaef ic. Ne feappt fu no f onbpaebon.'" Ac ic bio ppif e paejn'^ gip Su me Isebept fibep ic t5e bibbe. Da cpaef he. Ic fe pille laepan bi ppellum. ppa ic tSe eallne pej bybe. ■] tSe feah pecjan pille. f hit nip nauht paec mon cpip f aenig tSing peap gebypije. poppam'^ aelc Jung cymf" op pumum Singum. pop Sy hit ne bij) peap gebypeb. ac f aep hit op nauhte ne come ])onne paepe hit peap jebyjieb ; • » Boet. lib. V. prosa 1. — Turn ego, Eeeta quidem, inquam, &c. > Cott. >»m. ' Cott. hpylce. ' Cott. hpy. * Cott. nyllen. » Cott. htebben. * Cott. onhipian. ' Cott. peo)i%cipe. ° Cott. eiolobon. 9 Cott. soobej-. "> Cott. soobum. " Cott. goobe. '^ Cott. i>ma. " Cott. hiopa. " Cqtt. j:iopJ)e. » Cott. ongmS. '^ Cott. apeaht. " Cott. jnht. '« Cott. mynbgian. !» Cott. mKnigpealban. « Bod. anuhc. " Cott. leoppe. " Cott. j-copcne. »' Cott. meahce. " Cott. j-pijie jeop. " his, deest in MS. Cott. " Cott. gecipanne. " Bo, deest in MS. Cott. '^ Cott. getiopie. ^s Cott. bi >Bem. »» Cott. onbpEeban. » Cott, gejtegen. ' '« Cott. fop^em, " Cott. cun'iS. § V. BOETHITJS. 241 enervated ? "Why will ye not inquire about the wise men, and about the men desirous of honour, what they were who were before you ? And why will ye not then, after ye have found out their manners, imitate them, as ye best may p For they strove after honour in this world, and sought good fame by good works, and set a good example to those who should be after them. Therefore they now dwell above the stars, ia everlasting happiness, for their good works. Here ends the fourth book of Boethius, and begins the fifth. § V. When "Wisdom had ended this discourse, then said I: Very right is thy doctrine. But I would now remind thee of the manifold instruction which thou before promisedst me, concerning the predestination of God. But I wish first to know from thee whether that be aUght which we often hear, that men say concerning some things, that it will happen by chance. Then said he: I would rather that I hastened towards this, that I might perform to thee what I before promised thee, and might teach thee as short a way, as I shortest might find, to thy native country. But this is so far out of our way, out of the way which we intended to travel, that it would be more expedient to return, and un- derstand what thou before askedst me. But I also fear that I should lead thee hither and thither in paths out of thy way, so that thou mightest not again find thy way. It is no wonder if thou shouldest grow weary, if I lead thee beside the way. Then said I : Thou needest not fear that : but I shall be very glad if thou leadest me whither I desire thee. Then said he : I will instruct thee by discourses, as I always did : and will say to thee, that it is naught that men say, that anything may happen by chance. Because everything comes from certain things, therefore it has not happened by chance : but if it had come from nothing, then it would have happened by chance. 242 BOHTHixrs. chap. xl. § VI/ Da cpaetS ic. Ac Uponan com ye nama^ ssjieyt. Da cyxf he. Apij-Cocele]- mm faeoplmjc hic gepehce on faepe bee fe Fij-ica hacce. Da cpae]? ic. pu jiehte he hit. Da epsetS he. ClOen cpsftbon gio SoBne him hpsec Tinpeaunga'' gebyjie&e. f -f pjepe pea)- gebypeb. ppelce hpa nu belpe eop)>an. ■} pmbe Jiasp Sonne golbhopb. ^i pecge ponne f f pe peap sebypefe. Ic pac f eah jip pe helpepe fe eopfan no ne bulpe. ne nan mon sap -^ jolb psep ne hybbe. Jionne ne pumbe he kic no., popf y hit nsep na peap punben. Ac pio jobcunbe ppemohhimj laepbe Sone pe he polbe f fe golb hybbe. 3 epc }>one fe he polbe f he hit punbe;- § YII.^ Da cpEEf ic. Dsec ic ongice f hit ip ppa ppa Jni pejjx. Ac ic polbe Se acpianhp»)>ep pe senijne ppybom' habban o8Se anigne anpealb hpset pe bon. hpset pe ne ne bon. Se pw gobcunbe popeciohhanj oppe pio pJTib np nebe to Sam fe hi* pillen ; • Da cpeep he. pe habbaf micehie anpealb. nip nan je- pceabpip jiepceapt f nsebbe ppeobom. pe pe jepeeabpipnepje hsepf. pe mseg benjan •j topceaban hpset^ he pilnian pceal ~j hpaet he onpcnnian pceal. •y sale monh^p)) Sone ppiobom. f he pat hpset, he pie hpaet he nele. anb tSeah nabbap^ eaEe jepceab- pipe'' gepceapta gdicne ppybom. ■ Gnglap habbajj pihte bomap "j gobne* piUiui. -} call hpset^ hi ^Jkasap^" hi heptetp pp^e eaf*. popfam pe hi naiKp pogep" ne pdhwap.^^ Nip nan jepeeapt pe hsebbe pypbom*^ ■] gefceabpipneppe bucon englum ■] mannum. Da men habbaf pimle ppybom.^* ]jy miapan ]?e hi heopa CCob neap gobcunbum Singum Iseta)). "^ haibajj -SsBp Jty Iseppan ' ppybom.'-' ]?e hi. heopa QOobep piflan'^ neap Sippe pop^b^' ape leet^]). Nj^bap hi n%nne ppybom^^ Sonne hi hiffljia^' ajnum pillum hi rylpe unpeapum rnibepfeobaf.^" Ac pona ppa hi heopa^i ODob apenba^^^ ppom jobe. ppa yeopjpaip he^^ ablenbe mib nnpipbome. Spa peah ip an sehnihtig Eob om hip faepe hean oasptpe.^* pe gepyhp^^ aelcep moanep .gejianc.^^- ■] hip popb. ■^ Boet. lib. >'. prosa 1. — An est aliquid, tametsi vulgus, &c. ^ Boet. lib. V. prosa 2. — Animadverto, inquam, idque uti, &c. > nama, deest in MS. Cott. 2 Bod. hpejnunsa. ' Cott. rpeobom. * Bod. pe. s Cott. hp»p. o Bod. habba«. ' Cott. ealla Se)-ceabpi)-a. * Cott. soobne. " Cott. J>8bE. '» Cott. puma's. " Cott. pop. " Cott. pilmaS. IS Cott. rpiobom. » Cott. ypeobom. " Cott. ppiobom. '« Cott. piUa. " Cott. peopulb. '» Cott. ppeobom. 'S Cott. heopa. '" Cott. unbepJjiobaS. 21 Cott. hiopa. 22 Cott. onpenba«. 23 Cott. hi. " Cott ceapspe. " Cott. gepihtS. '^ Cott. se>ohE. § TI. VII. EOBTHIITS. 243 § VI. Then said I: But whence came the name first? Then said he: My beloved Aristotle has explaised it in the hook called Physica. Then said I : How has he explained it ? Then said he : Men said formerly, when anything happened to them unexpectedly, that it happened by chance : as if any one should dig the earth, and find there a hoard of gold, and then say, that it/had happened by chance. I inow, however, that if the digger had not dug the earth, or man had not before hid the gold there,, then, he would not have found it. Therefore it was not found by chance. But. the divine pre- destinaticm instructed whom he would that' he should hide the gold, and afterwards whom he would, that he should find it. § VII. Then said I : I perceive that this is as thou sayest : but I would ask thee whether we have any freedom, or any power, what we may do, and what we may not do ? or whether the divine predestination, or fate, compels us to what they vrill ? Then said lie : We have much power. There is ao rational creature which has not freedom. Wliasoever has reason, is able to judge, aad diseera what he ought to desire, and what he ought to shun. And every man has this: freedom, that he knows what he w3.1sra»(^what he wills not. And yet aU rational creatures have not equal freedom. Angels have right judgments and good will ; amd whatever they desire they very easily obtainrbecause they desire nothing wrong. There is no created being which has freedom and reason except angels and men. Men have always freedom j the more as they lead their mind nearer to divine things j and thetf have so much the less, freedom, as they lead the will of their mind nearer to this worldly honour. They have not any freedom when ttey, of their own aecord„ subject themselves to vices. But as soon as they turn away their mind from good, so soon do they become blind with folly. But oue Almighty God exists in his high/, city, who- sees every man's thought, and e2 244 BOETHirS. CHAP. XLI. ■] hir basba corcaec. •] Jylc^ selcum sefCep hif gepyphtnim. Da je f ij-bom fa fij- ]3)ell aj-seb hsepbe. fa onjann he pnjan 3 fuj- cpssf. CAPrT XLI.^ § I. DeAp Omejiuj- ]-e goba j-ceop. fe mib Epecum )-elep6 psej-. j-e paj- Fipjiliej- lapeop. pe FipjiLu)- psef mib Lseben papum pelepc. f eah Omepup on hip leofum ppife hepebe f aepe punnan gecynb. ■] hiope cpsapcap. ^ hiope biophco. ne maej heo peah ealle jepceapCa gepcinan. ne fa jepceapca. feheo gepcinan maes. ne mseg hio ealle enbemepc jepeman. ne eaUe innan geonb- pcinan. Ac nip pam aslmihtigan Eobe ppa. pe ip pcyppenb ealpa jepceapCa. he gepeop ■] puphpeop ealle hip gepceapca ssnbemepc. tSone mon m»g hacan buton leape pof e 8unne : • § Il.y Da pe f ij-bom pa tSip leop aj-unjen hsepbe. pa geppy- gobe^ he ane lycle hpile. Da cpsep ic. Sum Cpeo me* hsefp ppipe gebpepeb. Da cpsBp he. Pp»c ip pe. Da cpaep ic. pit ip f ^ pu pejipc^ f Eob pylle sellcum ppybom^ ppa gob^ Co bonne, ppa ypel. ppsefep he piUe. anbpupegpc eac f Eob piCe selc''' pinj «p* hic jepyppe.' ^ pu pespc^" eac f nan pmj pJTife'' buce hi6 Eob piUe dSie jepapije.^'' 3 ^u pejpc^' f hit pcyle eall papan ppa he jetiohhob habbe.^* Nu punbpie ic psep hpy he jepapige f pa ypelan menhabban^s poneppybom^* f hi majon^'' bon ppa gob ppa ypel ppaepep ppa hi piUan. Sonne he sap pat f hi ^el bon pillap. Da cpsep he. Ic pe maeg ppife eape geanbpypban pasp ppeUep. Pu polbe pe nu lician'^' giphpylc ppife pice cyning psepe ■] nsepbe naenne ppyne^' mon on eaUon hip pice, ac psepon ealle peope. Da cpsep ic. Ne puhte hit me nauht^" pihtlic. ne eac gepipenhc.^^ gip him pceolban peope men penigan.^^ Da cpaep he. Ppset psepe ungecynblicpe.^' gip Eob nsepbe on eaUum hip pice nane ppigS pceapt^* unbep hip anpealbe. poppsem he je- pceop tpa gepceabpipan^' gepceapta ppio.^^ englap ■] men. pam ^ Boet. lib. V. metrum 2.— Puro elarum Inmine Phcebum, &c. y Boet. lib. V. prosa 3. — Turn ego, En, inquam, &o. » Cott. SilE. 2 cott. serpugobe. ^ Bod. cima. * Cott. r»SrB- 5 Cott. )-eUe ffilcum men ypeobom. « Cott. soob. ' Cott. fseSr* 1> jnCe selc, ' Bod. aepep. ' Cott. gepeophe. " Cott. rsegj-S. " Cott. SepeopJ>e. " Cott., getape. " Cott. r«grs. " Cott. hebbe. '^ Cott. hesbben. '^ Cott. jrpeobom. " Cott. magen. " Bod. he nu loaan. i» Cott. jjieone. ™ Cott. no. 21 Cott. nauhe gepirenhc. ^' Cott. J>enian. '' Cott. DsbC psepe uncynlicpe. '* Cott. gej-ceape. " Cott. gefceabpij-a. * Cott. jpeo. § 1- II. BOEIHIUS. 245 discerns his words and his deeds, and renders to every one according to his works. When Wisdom had made this speech, then began he to sing, and thus said : CHAPTER XLI. § I. Thottgh Homer the good poet, who with the Greeks was the best, he was Yirgil'a master ; Virgil was with the Latin men the best, though Homer in his poems greatly praised the nature of the sun, and her excellences, and her brightness ; yet she cannot shine upon all creatures, nor those creatures which she may shine upon, can she shine upon all equally, nor shine through them all within. But it is not so with the Almighty God, who is the maker of all creatures. He beholds and sees through all his creatures equally. Him we may call, without falsehood, the true sun. § II. When Wisdom had sung this lay, then was he silent a little while. Then said I : A certain doubt has much troubled me. Then said he : What is that ? Then said I : It is this, that thou sayest that God gives to every one freedom as well to do good as evil, whichsoever he will : and thou sayest also that God knows everything before it comes to pass ; and thou sayest also, that nothing comes to pass unless God wills and permits it : and thou sayest that it must all proceed as he has ordained. Now I wonder at this, why he permits that wicked men have the freedom that they may do either good or evil, whichsoever they will, since he before knows that they will do evil. Then said he : I can very easily answer thee this inquiry. How would it please thee, if there were some very powerful king, and Tie had not any free man in all his realm, but all were slaves ? Then said I : I should not think it at all right, or moreover suitable, if men in a state of slavery should serve him. Then said he : How much more unnatural would it be, if God had not in all his kingdom any free creature under his power ? Therefore he created two rational creatures free, 246 BOETHIPS. CHAP. XLI. hegeaf.micle pfe fjieobomer. f hi mofton^ bon j-pa job j-pa ypel n>»J)0]i3 rpa hi pol&on.' he j-aelfee* rP'J'e F^f^e Sife^ rpife paejre se mib fsspe gipe bbIcuhi menn* of hjf enbe. f if fe ppybom.^ f aec Ce'' mon moc bon f he pile, anb f ij- fio se f jilc alcmn men be hip gepyjihcum segfep ge on tSippe populbe ge on fsape copeapban ppa job' ppaypelppeefep he bef. 3 men majan' bejiCfiii fuph foneppjfbom^" ppahpaetppahe piUaf. buton beaf hi ne majon popcyppan. aec hi lane majon mib gobtun^i pe- opcum jeleccan f he fy^^ lacop cymp. ge pupfvim of opelbo hi hine hpilum letcap gip mon Co gobum^' peopce ne onhajie habban gobne^* pillan. f ip gob. Da cpsej) ic. f^el fu me haeppc apecne on Sam Cpeon. ■] on paepe jebpepebneppe fe ic sap on p?ep be fam ppgobomej Ac ic eom nu jec on micle mapan je- bpepebneppe jeunpocpob. pulneah op opmobneppe. Da cpaep he. 13p«5 ip pio, micle unpotnep.^' Da cpasp ic. Pit'® ip ymb pa, Eobep popeciohhunje. poppam^'' pe gehepap hpilum pecjan f luc peyle eall ppa jepyppan^s ppappaliob sec ppviman jeciohhob h»pbe. f hit ne msege nan mon apenban.^' Nu Sincp me f he bo poh, Sonne he apap pa joban.^" ■] eac ponne he picnap tSa : ^elan. gip f pop ip. f, hxc him ppa jepceapen paep f hi ne mopCon eUep bon. unnycbce pe ppincap Sonne pe up jebibbap, ■J Sonne, pe pgepCaS. oSSe aslmeppan pellap. jip pe hip nabbap Sy > ntapan Sane, ponne^^ pa pe on eallum Smjum pabap on hiopa agenne pillan., ■] aeptep^^ hiopa Iichoman lupce ipnap ; • § III.'' Da cpaep he. Dip ip pio ealbe piopunj pe Su lonje piofobopC^' ■] manige eac ap Se. papa pap pum OOapcup. oppe naman Tulliup. ppibbanmaman he paep gehacen Eicepo. Se*^* paep Bomana^hepetoga. pepaepuppica. pe paep ppipeabipgob mib Spepe ylcan , pj^aece. Ac he hi ne nuhce bpingan to nanum enbe on pose timan.'^ PPfy heopa GDob yaf^ abipjob on Sippe populbe pillminga.^' Ac ic Se pecge. gip "p pop ip f ge pecgapi f hit paep unnet.gebob on gobcunbum bocum ^ liob beab^^ ^' ^ Boet. lib. V. proaaAi— Turn flla, Vetus, inquit, &c. ' Cott. mopBen. . 2 cqtt. )-])»>ep. ' Cott. polben. * Cott. pealbe. = Cott. men. « Cott. ppeobom. ' Cott. f^. » CotL goofa. » Cott. mason. '» Cott. jjieobom. " Cott. soobum. " Cott. >e. " Cott. Soobum. " Cott. Soobne. " DpseB ij- po micle unjiotnep, deaunt in MS. Bod. "^ Bod. Bip. " Cott. pop}>»m. " Cott. gepeopjiaii. " Cott. onpenban. 20 Qg^^_ gooban. 2' Cott. Jjy. '' hiopa agenne pillan. ^ »j*e]», desunt in MS. Cott. =3 Cott. pofobej-. '* Cott. pe. -' Cott. popjjy he ne meahce ne nan mon on )>pne Eiman J)a jT)p8ece to nanum enbe bpingan. ^ Cott. psep. " Cott. peopulbe pdnunga. =is Cott. bebeab. §111. BOETHixrs. 247 amgels and men. To these he gave the great gift of freedom, that they might do eitber good or evil, whichsoever they would. He gave a very sure gift, and a very sure law with the gift, to every man until his end. That is the freedom, that man may do what he will; and that is the law, which renders to every man according to his works, both in this world, and in that to come; good or evil, whichsoever he does. And men may attain through this freedom whatsoever they will, except that they cannot avoid death. But they may by good works delay it, so that it may come later: and more- over, they may ■sometimes defer it till old age, if they do not cease to have good will to good worka, thai is, ^wmL Thea said I : Well hast thou set me right in the doubt, and in the trouble wherein I before was concerning freedom., Bm4 I am still disquieted with much more trouble, almost to despair. Then said he : What is this great disquiet ? Then said I : . It is concerning the predestinatioa of G-od. For we sometimes hear say, that everything must so -come to pass as God at the beginning had decreed, and that no man can alter it.. Now methinks that he does wrong, when, he honoursthe good^ and also when he punishes the wicked, if it is true that it was so ordained -to them that they could not do otherwise!, . In vain we labour when we pray, aad when we fast, or give alms,- if we have not therefore more favour than those, who in. all things walk according to their, own. will, and ma! after their bodily lust. § IIL Then said he : This is the old complaint, which thou hast long bewailed, and many also before tfee: one of whom was a certain Maa-eus, by another name TuMiias; by a third name he was called Cicero, who was a consul of the Bomans. He was a philosopher. He was very much occupied with this same question: boi: he could not bring it to any end at that time, because theirmind was occupied with the desires of this world. Bat I say to thee, if that is true which ye say, it was a Tain command in divine books,, which G-od commanded, that 248 BOETHirS. CHAP. XLI. mon j-ceal&e^ pplsetan ypel ;) bon %ob.^ •] eft j-e cpi&e tSe he cpaa)). j-pa mon ma fpmcf. fpa mon mapan mebe onjreh]). ^ ic pmibpige hpi fu hasbbe popjiten call f f pic sep pppaacon. ]7ic fsebon sep ■p pio jobcvmbe popeciohhunj aslc 50b pophce. anb nan ypel. ne nan ne ciohhobe Co pypcenne.' ne nseppe ne pophte. je pupf um f pit jepeahcon* to jobe.* paec polcipcum monnum ypel f uhte. f p»p f mon ppaece anb picnobe tpone pop hip yple. pu ne jsibe^ piC eac on' tSippe ilcan bee. f Eob haepbe getiohhob ppybom Co pyllenne' monnum. "J ppa bybe.' ] gip hi^° Sone ppybom cela jehealbon," f he hi polbe ppife peoppian mib ece pice.^^ ^ jip hi tSone ppybom'^' popheolben. f he hi Sonne polbe piCnian mib beajje. pe ceohhobe^* Jip hi hpsec jepynjobon^" on fam ppybome.'^ f hi hiC epc on tJam''' ppeobome mib hpeoppunge gebecon.^' ^ gip hiopa hpilc'^ ppa heapbheopc psepe f he nane hpeopj-unje ne bybe. f he f onne haepbe pihcLc piCe. 6alla jepceapca he haapbe jeciohhob Seope.'° bucon enjlum anb monnum. poptSy tSa^"^ ofpa jepceapca feope pinc. hi healbaf^^ hiopa Jienunga op bomep baej. Ac fa menn 3 8a enjlap. fe ppeo^' pine, poplaecajj hiopa Jjenunja.^* Ppsec majon men cpefan f pio gobcunbe popeCiohhunj jeCiohhob hsepbe tSaep fe hio ne f uphcu5e. o8Se hu majon hi hi alabigen.^' f hi ne majon job^^ bon. nu hic appicen ip f Eob gielbe^' selcum men sepCep^^ hip jepj'phcum. ppy pceal fonne aanij monnbion ibel. f he ne peopce.^' Da cpsef ic. llienojfiu me hseppc jeppylpob' paepe Cpeounje minep ODobep. be ])sepe ac- punga'^ Se ic tie acpobe.'* Ac ic Se polbe giec apcien'^ pume pppsece tSe me ymb'^ tpeoji. Da cpsef he. ppaeC ip f. Da cpas}) ic. Eenoj me ip cu]j'° f fiob hiC pac eaU bepopan. je 50b'* ge ypel. Sep hiC jepypfe."^ ac ic nac hpsefep hic eall gepJTifan^* pceal unapenbenbhce" f he pac ^ jeciohhob haapf . Da cpaef he. • Cott. j-ceolbe. 2 Cott. goob. " Cott. pypcanne. * Bod. gepiheon. ' Cott. Soobum. « Cott. piEbon. ' Cott. eac «bjx on. * Cott. jpe<>- bom EG pellanne. ' Bod. biobe. " Cott. he. " Cott. jrpeobom Eolanse heolbon. 12 q„h_ iij.g_ 13 Cott. ]:peobom. " Cott. Eiohhobe. »= Cott. Seryngoben. " Cott. )iffim ppeobome. " Cott. tasin. " Cott. hpcoppunga gebetan. '' Cott. hpylc. "> Cott. ))eopu. ^' Cott. popfry J)e J)a. " Bod. habbaS. '" Bod. >eppiSe. " Cott. tegnunga. " Cott. alabian. 2° Cott. mffigen goob. " Cott. gelbe. '^ Cott. be. 25 Cott. pypce. ™ Cott. geppeolpob. " Cott. apcunga. ^z Cott. ahpabe. '' Cott. acpan. '* Cott. ymbe. '' Cott. en's me if. s« Cott. goob. " Cott. peopjje. " Cott. gepeopjian. » Cott. unanpenbenblice. § III. BOETHIUS. 249 man should forsake evil and do good ; and again the saying ■which he said, that as man labours more, so shall he receive greater reward. And I wonder why thou shouldest have for- gotten all that we before mentioned. We before said that the divine predestination wrought all good, and no evil : nor de- creed to work, nor ever wrought any. Moreover, we proved that to be good which to vulgar men seemed evil : that is, that man should afflict or punish any one for his evil. Did we not also say in this same book, that G-od had decreed to give freedom to men, and so did ; and if they exercised the freedom well, that he would greatly honour them with eternal power ; and if they abused the freedom, that he would then punish them with death ? He ordained that if they at all sinned through the freedom, they afterwards through the freedom should make amends for it by repentance ; and that if any of them were so hard-hearted that he did not repent, he should have just punishment. All creatures he had made servile except angels and men. Because the other creatures are servile, they perform their services till doomsday. But men and angels, who are free, forsake their services. How can men say that the divine predestination had decreed what it fulfils not ? Or how can they excuse themselves that they should not do good, when it is written that God will requite every man according to his works ? Wherefore, then, should any man be idle, that he work not ? Then said I : Thou hast sufficiently relieved me from the doubting of my mind by the questions which I have asked thee. But I would still ask thee a question, which I am perplexed about. Then said he : What is that? Tlien said I: I am well aware that God knows everything beforehand, both good and evU, before it happens, but I know not whether it all shall unchangeably happen, which he knows and has decreed. Then said he : It 250 BOETHIUS. CHAP. XLI. Ne^ feap): hiC no eall^epiop})on^ unapenben&lice.^ Ac pim hit j-ceal jejreopjian unapenfaenblice.^ f hip f ce upe nybfeap]:* bif. ;] hif pilla bif . Ac hit if fum fpa gepab ^ hi]- ni)- nan neobfeapj:.* 3 Jieah ne bepaj>° no tSeah hiC ■gefiojipeJ' ne nan heapm ne bif, Seah hit' no ne jepjyife.' Eefenc ma be f e felpim hpaefeji f u aanij Simj j-pa paBpte^" getiohhob haabbe -p fe fynce'' 'p hit naeppe finum pillum onpenbeb'^ peopfe. ne Jtu bufcon beon''' ne ma&je. oSSe hpaefep fli eft on sengum gefeatee f pa Cpiopasbe pe. f iSe helpe hpaefep hit jepypfe.''^* fehit no ne ^epypfe.'^ Fela ip Saepa^' fm^a Se Irob asp pat »ji hit jepyppe.'^ ~] pat eae f hit bepa))"' hip 'Jepceaptum gip hit gepypjj; nat he hit no popjjy tie he pille f hit gepypfe." ac pop fj 8e he pile pop- p^nan'^ f hit ne jepyppe.^'' ppa ppa 30b pcipftypa^^ ongit micelne pinb hpeope aep sep hit peopfe.^^'] h-aet^^ pealban '^' pejl. -J eac hpilnm lecgan fone msept. anb laetan fa betmje.^* gip he »p fpeopep pinbep bsette. peepnaj)^^ he hine^ pij) ■^ pebep ; • § IV.* Da cpaef ic. Spife pel tSu mm h»ppc jeholpHi set fsepe ppps&ee. anb ic punbpige hpi ppa mwaije pipe men ppa ppif e ppuncen^'' mib tSaepe pppaece. anb ppa liteP' jepif punben. Da cpsef he. Pp»p punfepapt Su faep ppa ppife. ppa efe ppa hit ip to onjitanne. pu ne paj-t 'Su f mani^ Smcg^' ne biji no on- jiten ppa ppa hit bif. acppa ppa tSaep anbjicep ms&f bif fe pasp aeptep pj«pa]). 8pilc ip pe ^ipbom f hine ne maej*" nan mon op pippe populbe''^ ongitan. ppilcne"^ ppilce*^ he ip. Ac »lc pm^ be hip anbjitep meefe f he hme^^olbe onjitan jip he mihte.'* Ac pe pipbom m»5 up eallungaonjitan ppilce'^ ppilce*' pe pmb.^* tSeah pe hine ne majon onjitan eallunja ppilce ppilce^ he ip. * Boet. lib. T. pposa.i4,^r— CujiB erroris causa est, &0i > Ne, deest in MSt CfettJ ' Gott. SepeopJ>an. » Cott. imanpenbenb- lice. ■* Cott. neb>eapj:. ' Cott. uebjieapj:. « Cott. bepe'S, ' Cott. Sepeopjje. « his, deest in MS. Cott. » Cott. Sepeoji>e. i" Cott. jsej-t. " Cott. >ince. " Cott. onpenbne. " Cott. bion. " Cott. Sepeop>e. « Cott. )>apa. >« Cott. gepeopte. " Cott. bepeS. 18 Cott. gepeopte. " Cott. joppeopnan. "> Cott. Sepeopt-e. 21 Cott. Soob fciprsioepa. ^' Cott. on hpeope pae sep »p hit sepeop>e. 's Cott. hat. » Cott. b»tinSe. « Cott. papenatS. '^ he hine, desunt in MS. Cott. " Bod. seppuncen. » Cott. lytel. « Cott. tinj. ^i" Bod. )>pilc ij pe J7i)-bom ne mteg. ai Cott. peopulbe. '^ ctt. rpylcne. 2' Cott. rpylce. " Cott. meahte. " Cott. ppylce. 26 Cott. pint. " Cott. ppylcne JT^ylce. § IV. BOETHirS. 251 need not all happen uncIjaBgeaWy. But some of it shall happen unchangeably, that is, what shall be our necessity, and shall be his will. Bwt some of it is so arranged that it is not necessary, and yet hurts not if it happen ; nor is there any harm if it do not happen. Consider now concerning thyself, whether thou hast so firmly designed anything, that thou thinkeat that it never with thy consent may be changed, nor thou exist' without it. Or whether thou again in any design art so inconsistent, that it aids thee, whether it happen, or whether it happen not. Maay a one is there of the things which Groi knows before it may happen, and knows also that it will hurt his creatures if it: happen. He does not know it, because he wills that it should happen, but because he wills to provide that it may not happen. Thus a good pilot perceives a great storm of wind before it happens, and gives order to furl tha sail, and moreover sometimes to lower the mast, and let go the cable, if he first restrain the perverse veind, and so provides against the storm. § IV. Then said I : Very' well hast thou assisted me in this argument ; and I wonder why so many wise men have so greatly labomred with this question, and found so little cer- tain. Then said he; What dost thoa so greatly winder at, so easy as itv is. to understand?- Dost thou not know that many a thing is not understood according as it is, but ac- cording to. the measure of the understanding which inquures after it ? Such is wisdom, that no man ia this world can com- prehend ifcrsuch as it is. But every, one strives, according to the measure of his undecstanding, that he might comprehend it if he could. But wisdom is aWe to entirely comprehend us such as we are, though we cannot entirely comprehend it 252 B0ETHIU8. CHAP. XLI. f opfam j-e J7ij-&om if Eob. he sephf ealP upe pypc.^ je gob* je yjrel. sep hij jepopben* pen. otSSe pipfon^ jefohc. Ac he uj- ne nec^ no Jiy hpassfop'' to fam' f pe nefae pcylen* gob^" bon. ne uy ne pypn])" f pe yj:el bon. foppam^^ fe he up pealbe j:py- bom.^' Ic tSe maeg eac caecanpume bipne. f fu J>y e^^* onjican mihc'* t5a pppssce. pp»c'^ fu papc "p jepihc. ^ jehepnep. anb jeppebnep onjicap ^one bchoman 8»p monnep. ^ feah ne on- JiCafi hi hine no gehcne. t5e eapan ongicaj) 'f hi gehiopaf. ;] ne ongitaj) hi peah pone hchoman eallunga ppylcne ppylce he bip. pio 5eppebnephmemse5''ge5papian.'* 3 geppeban ^ hic hchoma bip. ac hio ne maej jeppeban hpaepep he bip ?Se blac ie hpic. 8e paejep pe unpsegep. Ac pio gepih^ sec ppuman ceppe.'® ppa 8a eagan on bepiop. hio'"' ongicap ealle Sone anbphcan paap hcho- man. Ac ic pblbe gee peccan pume pace, ■p 8u pippe hpsep pu punbpebepc ; • '* § v."" Da cp»p ic. Pp»c ip f. Da cpsep he. pi&^p f pe an monn ongiCC^' ^ ■p he on oppum onjic pynbephce. he hine on- 516 puph'Sa eagan pynbephce. puph Sa eapan pynbephce. Suph hip psabelpan pynbephce. 8uph gepceabpipneppe pynbephce. 8uph gepip anbgic. CDonige pmc cpucepa^* gepceapca unpcypienbe. ppa ppa nu pcylpipcap^' pmc. anb habbap Seah pumne b»l anbgicep. poppKHi hi ne mihcon^^ ellep hbbon.^^ gip hi nan gpoc anbjicep nsepbon. ptime majon jepion. )ume majon gehypon.^' pume geppebon.^' pume jepcincan. Ac Sa pCypienban necenu pmc monnum gehcpan. poppam hy habbap eajl f t5a unpcypienban habbap. ] eac mape co. f ip. f hio hypigap^" monnum. lupiap f hi lupiap. anb haciap f hi haciap. 3 plyp'"^ f hi haCiap. -j pecap f hi lupiap. Da men Sonne habbap eall f pe sep ymbe pppsecon. ■] eac Co eacan Saem micle gipe gepceabpipneppe. englap Sonne habbap gepip anbgic. Foppsem pmc pap pceapca'^ pup jepceapene. f pa unpcypienban hi ne ahebben opep Sa pCypienban. ne him * Boet. lib. V. prosa 4 — 5. — Neque enim sensus aliquid, &o. > eall, deest in MS. Cott. 2 Cott. peopc. ' Cott. goob. * Cott. gepopbene. = Cott. jniptum. « Cott. neb. ' Cott. hpaliop. » Cott. J)Km. 8 Bod. nybe. '« Cott. Soob. " Cott. pepn«. « Cott. fop^sem. " Cott. rpeobom. " Cott. i>e fS. « Cott. meahce. " Bod. D»t. " rpylcne j-pylce he bitS. po Sejrpebnej- hine mieS, desunt • in MS. Bod. i» Bod. gegpapia'S. " Cott. jpumceppe. "> Bod. et Cott. hi. 2" Bod. pij-cej-c. 22 cott. punbpobe. " Cott. oiisic. "Bod. cucepe. " Bod. p)-car- ^^ Cott. meahcon. i^ Cott. libban. " Cott. sehipan. " Cott. gefpeban. «> cott. hi onhypia'S. « Cott jho5. ''' Cott. Sepceajca. § V. BOETHIUS. 253 • such as it is. For -wisdom is God. He sees all our ■works, both good and evil, before they are done, or even thought of. But he does not compel us the more, so that we necessarily must do good, nor prevent us from doing evil ; because he has given us freedom. I can also show thee some examples, whereby thou mayest more easily understand this discourse. Thou knowest that sight, and hearing, and feeling, perceive the body of a man, and yet they perceive it not alike. The ears perceive that which they hear, and yet they perceive not the body altogether such as it is. The feeling may touch it, and feel that it is a body, but cannot feel whether it be black or white, fair or not fair. But the sight in the first instance, as the eyes look thereon, perceives all the form of the body. But I -would still give some explanation, that thou mayest understand that -which thou wast wondering at. § V. Then said I : What is that ? Then said he : It is that the same man perceives in separate ways what he perceives in others. He perceives it through the eyes separately ; through the ears separately; through his imagination separately; through reason separately, through intelligence. Many living creatures are unmoving, as, for instance, shell-fishes are, and have, nevertheless, some portion of sense, for they could not otherwise live, if they had no particle of sense. Some can see ; some can hear ; some can feel ; some can smell. But the moving beasts are more like to men, because they have all which the unmoving have, and also more ; that is, that they imitate men : love what they love, and hate what they hate ; and fly from what they hate, and seek what they love. But men have all that we before mentioned, and also, in ad- dition thereto, the great gift of reason. But angels have in- telligence. On this account are the creatures thus formed, that the unmoving may not exalt themselves above the 254 BOETHIirS. CHAP. XLI. fipyie pinnan. ne fa itypieiiban cfpep. ^a men. ne, Sa men ojreji tia engk)-. ne iSa enjkf jfif Cob. Ac ^ ij" eapmlic^^ f* msejitk fesel monna me jeep on ^ 'p him ponjijien if . *p if g^cea&pijinejj. ne '^ ne feef^ 'f lum ofeji if. f if f" enjlaf jiabbaf ■] jsfe men. f If gepif anbjec. Ac mefC monna nu^ oiA jfiejc* nu neatum on jneem '^ hi plnia^'fopufe lufCa fpa-fpa aetenu. Ac Jif pe nu hiasfbon a&nijne fasel Tim&piogenbsf anfi^ef fpa fpa enjlaf habbai$„ Jjonne mihce pe ©njiconf "p anbgec bij) miclie befeejie Soime ujie gefceabpjfneff e.* ©eaih fe pela fmsean.'' pe habbaf htellne ^esqiopicaa, bu£on cpeou. ac Jiaua ffiDgbim mf nan t^eo namef ]is6pa Smga fe hn piton. fofi 8i.if hiofia ^eapojnto f)» mide betf»a Sonne upe gef ceabpifJief f e, j^ upe geeeabpifneffe If betepe fonnemyteni^ajstbgitjie, o8Se]i«f gepitetef senij bsftl '@e him fo^fem if . aufep oS$e hpogaum; neatam e^e unbpo- pum. Ac utfla nu habban upe fl3®fc up fpa fpa pe ypeiosieft m»5en pif Ssef;heain hpopefiJ>«ef hehftan ain8^iiEe)r.'^ fumaeje hpseblicofC eumion ■] epdieofC; Co finpe agenipe e^SS&foaan fu asp come. ]>8ep m«5 pan GOob j Jan jefceabpifaef jeyeon wpentoce, '^ f hic innymb tpe®j> aelcef tSmgef.iisegJjep ge be tSaepe gofeisanban foipef eeapianje. fe pe ' nu ofC ymb fppsecon. ge he upum ppy borne.''' ge< fpa he eaUum ^injum ;• §. VI.° Da fe ^iffeom 8a fif fpeM afab haefbe. Ji» ©ngan he fingan ■] puf cp«p. ppset )m mihc ongitan f. mamg p^hc. jf mifdicepepeiibe jeoab* eopJSBB. "} fine f pjfe ungeheef hipef . ■] Tingehce f apa]j. fvame, hcgap nub eallon. Itchaiman cm eappem.. ") fpa fniceiibe jxpaf f him naupep ne fee ne pp^paf ne piiiJ- eumap. ^ fiune hip Cpropece. fiame -fioipepf ece. fumie! jieogea&e. ^ ealle peah bioJ> of bune heafee pp ]jasp€ eopfan. ~j Jiibep piUiBia]?. ©jKjje. ]wef pe hi Ijjc. opjie faef ^e hi bepuspif eofi. Ac f e mann ana jaefi uppihc©. ■^ tacnap f he f eeal ma fencaa up foMie nyfep. & heff QOob pemofopcqi fiomne ]ie hchoma. Bfa pe piffeam ^if' ko]> af uugen hsepbe. Sa cp»p'be. » Boet. lib. V. metrum 5. — Quam variis terras animalia, &c. .' Cott. i-eca^. ^ nu, deest in MS. Bod. ' Bod. onj-cypsetJ. ' Cott. Sefceabpifnefpe. ' Cott. j-measen. ' Cott. necan. ' Cott. fpeo- bome ' Bod. geon- ° Cott. fe pifbom ]>a. t>iy leo'5. § Ti. EOEXHirs. 255 moving, or strive with them : nor the moving, above men ; nor men above the angels ; nor the angels againstGod. But it is vyretched that the greatest part of men do not look on that which is given them, that is reason: nor regard that which is aboTO them, that is, what angels and wise men have, aamely, intelligence. But most men imitate catMe, inasmuch as they follow worldly lusts, like. cattle^ But. if we had any portion of undoubfaDg inteliligence, as angels have, then might we perceiva that that. intelligence is much better than our reason. Though we eontemplate^many things, we have little irndteEstaniding free frotm doubt. Bttt. to the angels there is no doubt, of any of the things which, they know ; therefore is their understanding as much hetter tbanvour reasoaa, as our reason is beitter:than the understaaidiBg of cattle is, or any portion of that intellect which is given them,; either to prone cattle, or to those not prone. But let us now elevate our minds, as we highest may, towardls the hagh roof of the supreme intelligence, that thou mayest most readily and most easily come to thine own coualiy, whence tliiou before caimest. There may. thy mind and thy reason see plainly that which it now doubts about in everything, both concerning the divine fijrekno>wledge, which we have often dfiscoursed about ; and concerning our freedonB ; and concerning all things. § VI. "When Wisdom had ended this speech, then began he to sing, aisid thus said : Thou, mayest perceive that many an animal moves variously upon the earth, and iJiey are of very dissimilar form, and go diCEerently. Some lie with thei whole feody on the earth, and so go creeping, because neither feet nor wings support them : and some are two-footed ; some four-footed ; some flying ; and all,: nevertheless, are inclined idewowards towards the earth, and. then seek either what they list, or what is needful for them. Bat man alone.goes up- right. This.betokens that he ought more to direct his thought upwards than downwards, lest the mind shoaald be inferior to the body. When, Wisdom had sung this lay, then said he : 256 BOETHItrS. CHAP. XLII. CAPUT XLII.a FOR fy pe fceolbon eaUon'' msejne j^ipian' aefCeji Eo&e..'^ pe pijjen' hpsec he paepe. feah hit upe mae)) ne pie f pe pitan hpsac* he pie. pe pculon feah be Saep an&gicep maefe. 8e he up jipf. punbijan.^ ppa ppa pe sep cpsejjon.* 'p mon pceolfae'^ selc tSinj onjican be hip anbjicep maef e. poppam^ pe ne magon »lc ^ing onjitan ppylc ppilce' hic ip.^" ^Ic gepceapc tSeah aejpep ge jepceafapip ge ungepceabpip ■^ ppeoColap f Eob ece ip. poppaam nseppe ppa maneja jepceapCa anb ppa micla 3 ppa" paejpa'^ hi ne unbeppiobben l»ppan jepceapca -j Iseppan anpealbe fonne hi ealle pinbon. ne puppum emn micluin. Da cpsep ic. ppasC ip ecnep. Da cpaep he. Du me ahpapc miclep ~] eappofep Co on- gicanne. jip Su hiC ongican^' pile. 8u pceeilc habban sep ^mep mobep eagan clsene ;] hlutcpe.^* Ne msej ic tie nauhc helan ))»p pe ic pac. ^apc Su ^ ]>pio Jiing pinbon on tSip mibbaneapbe.^' An ip hpilenbhc paeC haepp aagpep^^ ge ppuman ge enbe. ^ ic'^ nac iSeah nan puhc p»p 8e hpilenbhc ip naupep ne hip ppuman ne hip enbe. Ofep pmg ip ece. f hsepp ppuman 3 naepp nsenne enbe. "j ic'^ pac hponne hic ongmp. ■] pac ■}! hic nseppe ne ge- enbap. f pmc englap anb monna papla. Dpibbe ping ip ece bucon enbe ■] bucon anginne. f ip Eob. Becpuh pam'* ppim ip ppipe micel copceab. Eip pic f eaUe pculon apmeagan.^* ponne cume piC lace Co enbe pippe bee. oSSe n»ppe ; • h Ac an Smg pu pcealc nybe^" paep sep^^ pican. pop hpy Eob ip gehaCen pio hehpce ecnep. Da epaep ic. ppy. Da cpaep he. Foppon pe picen ppipe lycel psep pe sep up paep. bucon be gemynfae. ^ be ge- apcunge.^'' anb gec laeppe paep Se sepCep up bip. f an up ip ge- piphce anbpeapb f Ce ponne hip. ac him ip eall anbpeapb. ge f ce sep paep. ge f ce nu ip. ge f Ce aepcep up bi^. eall hic ip him anbpeapb. Ne pexp^^ hip pelena. ne eac naeppe ne panap. Ne opman he naeppe nan^* puhc. popSsem naeppe nauhc he'^^ ne •^ Boet. lib. V. prosa 6. — Quoniam igitur, uti paulo ante, &c. I Cott. ealle. 2 Cott. fpypian. 3 Bod. pij-ton. * Cott. hpylc. ^ Cott. jranbian. ^ Cott. cpaeboD. ' Cott. j-colbe. ' Cott. ];op>»in. 9 Cott. rpylce. » Cott. bi'S. " j-pa, deest in MS. Bod. " Bod. rpaegpa. " Cott. piCan. " Cott, hlucop. " Cott. mibbanseapbe. ^' Bod. \>sty >e ffijj'ep. " ic, deest in MS. Cott. » Cott. becpeoh i>xm. ■" Cott. tormeasan. 20 Cott. nebe. " Cott. an. 22 Cott. se£er™ni. 2s Cott. j-cenc'S. " Cott. nane. 25 Cott. ropJJBem he nsejpe nauhc. CHAP. XLII. BOETHIUS. 257 CHAPTEE XLII. THEBEroBE we ought with all our power to inquire con- cerning God, that we may know what he is. Though it may not be our lot that we should know what he is, we ought nevertheless, according to the measure of understanding which he gives us, to strive after it : for, as we have already mentioned, man must know everything according to the measure of his understanding, since we are not able to know everything such as it is. Every creature, however, whether rational or irrational, testifies this, that God is eternal. Eor never would so many creatures, and so great and so fair, submit themselves to an inferior being, and to less power than they all are, nor indeed to equally great. Then said I : "What is eternity ? Then said he : Thou askest me about a great tliinff, and difficult to understand. If thou wouldest understand it, thou must first have the eyes of thy mind clean and clear. I cannot conceal from thee anythi^ which I know. Knowest thou that there are three things in this middle-earth ? One is temporary, which has both beginning and end ; and I nevertheless know nothing of that which is temporary, neither its beginning nor its end. Another thing is eternal, and has beginning, and has no end ; and I know when it begins, and I know that it never will end : that is, angels and men's souls. The third thing is eternal, without end, and without beginning, that is, God. Among the three is a very great difference. If we should inquire into the whole of it, then should we come late to the end of this book, or never! But one thing thou must necessarily first know, why God is called the highest eternity. Then said I : Why ? Then said he : Because we know very little of that which was before us, except by memory, and by inquiry ; and stiU less of that which shall be after us. That alone is truly present to us, which at the time is : but to him all is present, both what was before, and what now is, and what after us shall be ; it is all present to him. His riches increase, not, nor, moreover, do they ever diminish. He never recollects any- 258 BOETHItrs. CHAP. XLII. fopjeat.' Ne )-ec'S tie nanpuhc. ne ne pneafi. popfam^ ®e he hic pafc eall. Ne j-ecf he nan piihc. popSsem^ he nan puhc ne pop- lea)-. Ne ehc he nanpe puhce. pop fy hine nan puhc ne maaj phon. Ne onbpsec he nanpuhc* popSsem he naeptS nsenne picpan. ne pupfum nasnne jehcan. 8imle he bif gjpenbe. -j ne panajj hyp^ naappe nauht. Simle* he biS selmihcig. popf aem he pimle* pile 50b' anb nappe nan ypel. Nip him nanep ^mgep nebfieapp. Siinle' he biS locienbe. ne j-lsepj) he naeppe. Simle* he bi]j gelice manfpsepe. Simle* he bijj ece. popfam naeppe po tib nsep f he naepe. ne nasppe ne pypf. Simle* he bitS ppeoh. ne bif he to nanum peopce jenebeb. Fop hip gobciinblicum an- pealbe he ip seghpaep anbpeapb, pip micelnefipe ne mseg nan monn amecan. nip f Seah no lichomlioe^ Co penanne. ac japchce. ppa ppa nu pipbom ip ~j pihcpipnep. popfaem he ■p ip pelp. Ac hpsBC opepmobige ge fonne. oSi5e hpy ahebbe ge eop pif ppa heane anpealb. popfampe ge^" nauhc pi]) hine bon ne magon. poppaem pe eca -} pe aelmihtiga pimle^^ pic om fam^^ heah pecle hip anpealbep. Jjonan he mag eall gepion. anb gilc aelcuni be Sam pyhce^^ aepcephipgepyphcum. popfam hiC hyp^* no unnyC';^ SaeC pe hopien to Eiobe. popJ)»ni he ne pent^'' no ppa pipa pe boj). Ac abibbap" hine eaSmoblice. popfaem he ip ppif-e punjmob anb ppitSe milbheopt. pebbaS eopep COob to him mifa eopum honbum -} bibba]? 8aep Se piht pie anb eopep feapp pie. popfam^^ he eop nyle^^ pypnan. hatiaf yp«l -j plio])^° ppa ge ppif.opt magon. lupaji cpseptap ■] polgiap Sam. Ee habbaf micle Seappe^^ fset ge pimle^^ pg^ {,(,„_ popfaem ge pimle^^ bepopan fam ecan ^ Jjam selmehtigan Eobe bo]> eall f f ge bop. eall he hit gepih}( -j eall he hit popgilt. SCCGN : • - Cott. nepop geafc = Cott. pop)>8em. = Cott. ):op)>y. ■■ Cott. he lum nane jjuhs. = Cott. hip. « Cott. Symle. ' Cott. S00&. 8 Cott. Symle. » Cott. hcumhoe. '» Bod. hi. " Cott. aslmehcsa pymlei '2 Cott; hsem. " Cott. fjni>e pihce. " Cott. nij-. " Cott. nnms. >« Bod. pelc " Cott. bibha'cS. ^ Cott.' popbsem. " Cott. nele. 2° Cott. pleo«. =■ Cott. nebj-eappe. 22 Cott. pymle. CHAP. XLII. BOETHirS. 259 thing, because he never forgets anything. He neither seeks nor inquires after anything, because be knows it all. He searches for nothingj because he has lost nothing. He pur- sues not anything, because nothing can fly from him. He fears nothing; beeause he has none more-pQwerfal, nor indeed any like him. He is always giving, and nothing of his ever decreases. He is always Almighty, because he always wills good and never any evil. Ihere is not need to him of any- thing. He is always- seeing, he never sleeps. He is alway« equally gracious. He iS' always eternal, foE the time never was- when- he was not, nor ever will be. He is always free ; nor is he compelled to amy work. By his divine power he is everywhere present. Bis greatness , no man can measure ; yet this is not to be understood bbdily, but spiaafcuaUy, even as wisdom is, and righteousness, for he is that himself. But what are ye then proud of, or why lift ye up yourselres against so high power ? For ye can do nothing against him. For the Eternal and the Almighty always sita on the throne of his power. Thence he is able to see all, and renders to every one with justice, according to his works. Therefore it is not in vain that we have hope in God ; for he changes not as we do. But pray ye to him humbly, for he is very bountiful and very merciful. Lift up your minds to him with your hands, and pray for that which is right, and is needful to you, for he will not refuse you. Hate, and fly from evil as ye best may. Love virtues and follow them. Te have great need that ye always do well, for ye always in the presence of the Eternal and Almighty God do all that ye do. He beholds it all, and he will recompense it aU. Amew s2 260 BOETHITTS. CHAP. XLII. DRIpTGN selmihtija Eob. pyphca ;] peal&enb ealpa ge- fceafCa. ic bibfee Se foji pinpe micelan milbheopCnej]-an. ■] pop f SBpe halegan pobe cacne. •] pop Scam ClDapian maajj) habe. anb pop Seem ClOichaelep jehj-ppumneppe. ■] pop ealpa fmpa haJjena lupan ;] heopa eapnunjum. f }>u me jepippije bee Jionne ic apyphce Co fe. -j gepippa.me Co tSmum pillan anb co mmpe paple f eappe bee 8onne ic jylp cunne. •] jepcafela mm CCob co t5mum pillan ■] CO mmpe paple peajipe. •] jepcpansa me yip faep beoplep copcnunjum. anb apyppa ppam me ^a pulan jalnyppe -j selc un- pihcpipnyije. ;) jepcylbe me pip minum pifeppmnum gepe- penlicum -j unjepepenlicum. ^ caec me iSmne pillan co pypcenne. f ic mseje tSe mpeapblice lupian Co popon eallum Jjmjum mib clsenum jepance ■] mib claenum lichaman. popfon fe t5u eapc mm pceoppenb. ■] min alepenb. mm pulcum. mm ppopep. min Cpepnep. ■] mm co hopa. pi fe lop 3 pulbep nu "] a a a Co populbe bucon saghpilcum enbe. SCCGN ; ■ PINIS. OHAP. XLII. BOETHIUS. 261 O Lord God Almighty, Creator and Euler of all creatures, I beseecH thee by thy great mercy, and by thq sign of the holy cross, and by the virginity of Saint Mary, and by the obedience of Saint Michael, and by the love of all thy saints, and hy their merits ; that thou wouldest direct me better than I have done tovfards thee : and direct me to thy will, and to my soul's need, better than I myself know: and make steadfast my mind to thy will, and to my soul's need : and strengthen me against the temptations of the devil ; and re- move from me impure lust, and all unrighteousness; and defend me against mine enemies visible and invisible ; and teach me to do thy will; that I may inwardly love thee before all things, with pure mind, and with pure body ; for thou art my Creator, and my Eedeemer, my Help, my Com- fort, my Trust, and my Hope. To thee be praise, and glory now and for ever, world without end. Amen. THE EKD. THE AJ!^aLO-SAXON VEESION OP THE METRES OF BOETHIUS, WITH AN ENGLISH PREE TRANSLATION, MARTIN F. TUPPER, ESQ., D.C.L., &C. &C. &G. PEOCEMITIM. EWJS ^Ippeb ur. ealb-j^eU peahte. cpsepc mel&obe. leo5-pyphca lijr. pim psej-JufC micel. Tpmt he fioj-pim leobum. leo'S j^ellobe. monnum mypgen. miflice cpibaj-. fy Isej- aelinge. ucabpijre. j-elflicne fecg. fonne he fpelcej- lyc. SymS fop hif gilpe. Ic j-ceal jiet j-ppecan. pon on piece, polc-cu^ne paeb. hselefum pecgean. hlipce pe Jie piUe. INTEODFCTION. Thus to us did Alfred sing A spell of old ; Song-craft theWest-Saxonking Did thus unfold : Long and much he long'd to His people then [teach These miit-sayings of sweet The joys of men ; [speech, That no weariness forsooth, As well it may, — Drive away delight from truth, But make it stay. So he can but little seek Por his own pride : A fytte of song I fitly speak, And nought beside : A folk-beknown and world- I have to say ; [read thing To all the best of men I sing, — List, ye that may. 2&£ THE METEES OE BOETHIUS. METETTM I. pit pas)- ^eajia m. fKCCe Eocan eaj-can. Of SciSfia. j-celbap laefa&on. fpeate gefpun^on. feob-lonb monig. fetton j-uSpeapbej". pje-feoba cpa. Eotene jiice. geap-maalum peox. hsepban him gecynbe. cynmjap cpejen. Rsebjob anb Alepic. pice jefunjon. Da psep opep muncjiop. monij acyhceb. Doca Sylpep pull. jufSe jelypceb. polc-gepmnep. pana hpeappobe. pcip on pceapte. pceoCenb fohcon. Italia. eaUe^ jegonjan. linb-pigenbe. hijelsepcan. . ppua epne ppom munfcjiop. otS Jjone niKpan peapotJ. ])3&p Sicilia. pae-pcpeamum in. ejlonb micel. efel masppaS. Da psep Romana. pice gepunnen. abpocen bupga cypc. beabu-pincum psep. Rom jepymeb. Raebjoc einb Alepic. popon on f sec paepcen. METEE I. OF EOME AND BOETHITIS. It was long of yore That the Gothic rout, Porth from. Scythia'8 eastern shore, Led their shieldmen out, Thronged with swarms of war The lands of many a clan, And in the South set firm and far, Two tribes to trouble man. Yearly waxed and grew Those Gothic kingdoms twain, And Alaric and Rhsedgast too, Eight royally did reign. Then down the Alps the Goth Made haste to force his way. In haughty pride all fiercely wrath And lusting for the fray. Their banner fluttered bright. While all Italia through Shot ruthless in their linden might The shielded warrior crew, Eorth from the Alpine drifts To great Sicilia's coast. Where in the sea-stream it uplifts, Its lofty island boast. Then Eome's old rule was crush'd, Her costliness despoil'd, And by that host, with battle flush'd. The city's beauty soil'd. ' Cott. ealla. THE METEBS OE BOETHIUS. 265 fleah Eaj-epe. mib fam aefelmgum. uc on TLjiecay. Ne meahce ]Ja j-eo pea lap. pi^e fop)-Canban. Eocan mib ju'Se. Jio monna jejCjiion. j-eal&on unpiUum. efel peapbaj-. halite apaj-. paep jehpasf epep paa. Deah paep majo-pmca. mob mib Dpecum. jip hi leob-ppuman. laepcan boppcen. 8cob fpaje on fam. feob paep gepunnen. pmtpa msmjo. otS Jjsec pypb jejcpap. f sec fe peobpice. fegnap anb eoplap. hepan pceolban. paep pe pepetema. Epipte jecnoben. cynmj pelpa onpenj. pulluhc feapum. Fsejnobon ealle. Eompapa beapn. anb him pecene co. fpifep pilnebon. pe him paej'Ce jehec. f sec hy ealb-pihca. aelcep mopcen. pypfe gepunijen. on fEepe pelejan bypij. fenben Jjob puolbe. f sec he Dobena gepealb. agan mopce. pe fsec eall aleag. psep jjsem sefehnje. Appianep. Alaric and Ehsedgasfc The fastness first they seek, While Csesar with his chief's ■fled fast For safety to the Greek. Then could the wretched band, Left mournfully behind, No more the warring Goth withstand, Nor much of mercy find. Unwillingly their trust The warders then gave up, None to his oath was true and just ; And full was sorrow's cup., Yet to the Greek outyearn'd The people, as at first, And for some daring leader burn'd To follow whom they durst. The people wore their woes Many a wintry year, Till weird- ordained Theodoric rose, "Whom thane and earl should hear. To Christ the chief was born, And water-wash'd the king, "While all Rome's children blest the morn That peace with it should bring. To Eome he vowed full fast Her old-time rights to yield. While God should grant his life to last. The Gothic power to wield. 266 THE METEES OT BOETHITTS. je&pola leojrpe. fonne Dpihcnej- as. pec lohannej-. jobne Papan. heapbe beheapon. nsBj- f hseplic basb. eac f am pasj- tinpim. o8pef mane)-. f pe Iroca pjiemebe. jobpa jehpilcum. Dapsep picpa pum. on Rome bypij. ahepen pepecoja. hlapopbe leop. f enben Eynepcole. Epeacap piolbon. DaeC yssf pihtpip pmc. ipxy^ mib Rompapum. pmc-geopa pella. pi^fan longe he. yxy pop peopulbe pip. peopS-mjTipa geopn. beopn boca gleap. Boiciup. pe haele hacce. j'e f one hlipan jepah. ^aep him on gemynbe. maala gehpilce. ypel anb ebpic. fasc him elfeobge. iyninjap c^bon. paep on Epeacap holb. gemunbe fapa apa. anb ealb-pihca. f e hip elbpan. mib him ahcon lonje, lupan anb hppa. Anjan.fa hpcum ymbe. Jjencean peapplice. hu he fibep meahte. He did forswear all that : The Atheling he lied, To please Arius Grod forgot, And Msely slipp'd aside. He broke his plighted oath, And without right or ruth, Good John the Pope against all troth Beheaded for the truth. A shameful deed was there ; And heaps of other ill Against the good this Goth did In wickedness of wiU. [dare A man there was just set Por heretoch in Eome, Loved by the lord whose bread he ate, And dear to all at home : Dear also to the Greek, When he the town did sate ; A righteous man, whom all would seek, iFor many gifts he gave. Long since was he full wise, In worldly wit and Iqre, Eager in worth and wealth to rise, And skill'd on books to pore. Boethius was he hight ; He ate shame's bitter bread. And ever kept the scorn in sight Outlandish kings had said. He to the Greek was true. And oft the old-rights told, Which he and his forefathers too Prom those had won of old. ' Cott. n»p. THE MEtEES OF BOETHnra. 267 Epecaj- onceppan. fsec j-e Eaj-epe. epc anpalb ofep hi. ajan moj-ce. fenbe sepenb-geppifc, ealb-hlapop&um . begelice. anb hi pop Dpihcne baeb. ealbviin Cpeopum. faet hi aefC to him. comen on fa ceafCpe. lete Epeca pitan. pssban Rompapum. pihcep pyp^e. lece Tpone leobfcrpe Da fa lape onjeac. Deobpic Amiilmg. anb pone pepi opepjrenj hehc paepchce. polc-sepipap. healbon Jjone hepe-pine. psep him hpeoh )'epa. eje ppom f am eople. he hme inne. hehc on capcepne. clupcep belucan. Da fSRX mob-pepa. miclum gebpepeb. Boeciup. bpeac lonje aap. plencea imbep polcnum. he fy pypp meahte. fohan fa fpaje. fa hio ppa f eapl becom. yiey fa opmob eopl. ape ne penbe. ne on f am psspcene. ppoppe jemunbe. ac he neopol apcpeahc. nif ep op bune. pfeol on fa plope. Carefully then he plann'd To bring the Greek to Eome, That Csesarin his rightful land Again might reign at home. In hidden haste he plied "With letters all the lords, And prayed them by the Lord who died, To heed his earnest words. Greece should give laws to Eome, And Eome should 'Greece obey; The people longed to let them come To drire the Goth away. But lo ! the Amuling Theodoric found out all, And bid his fellow's seize and bring This high - born chief in thrall. He feared that good earl well, And straightly bade them bind Boethius in the prison cell. Sore troubled in his mind. Ah ! he had basked so long Beneath a summer sky, 111 could he bear such load of wrong, So heavy did it lie. Then was he full of woe, Nor heeded honour more ; Eeckless he flung himself below Upon the dungeon floor; 268 THE METEES OP BOETHITTS. f ela popba j^paec. f opfohc feaple. ne penbe ]>oneca xf\ie. cuman op fsem clammum, cleopofae Co Dpihcne, geompan j-cemne. jybfaobe fay ; • METETTM 11." Ppaat ic lioSa pela. luptlice jeo. pane on pselum. nu pceal piopigenbe. pope jepaejeb. ppeccea jiomop. pinjan pap-cpibap. CCe flop piccetunj hapaS. ajaeleb fep jeocpa. •p IC fa jeb ne mse^. gepejean ppa paespe. f eah ic pela jio pa. pecce potS-cpiba. fonne ic on pailum psep. Opt ic nu mipcyppe. cut5e pppace. anb feah uncutSpe. Sep hpilum ponb. me pap populb paella, pel hpaep^ blinbne. on pip bimme hoi. bjfpine poplsebbon. anb me pa bepypcon. paebep anb ppoppe. pop heopa uncpeopum. pe ic him »ppe hecpc. Cpupian pceolbe. hi me topenbon. Much mourning, there he lay, Nor thought to break his chains, But to the Lord by night and day. Sang thus in sighing strains. METEE II. A SOBEOWrUI rXTTE. Lo ! I sang cheerily In Diy bright days, But now all wearily Chaunt I my lays ; Sorrowing tearfully, Saddest of men, Can I sing cheerfully, As I could then ? Many a verity In those glad times Of my prosperity Taught I in rhymes ; Now from forgetfulness "Wanders my tongue, Wasting in fretfulneas Metres unsung. Worldliness brought me here Foolishly blind, Eiches have wrought me here Sadness of mind ; When I rely on them, Lo ! they depart, — Bitterly, fie on them 1 Bend they my heart. heopa bacu bitepe. » Boet. lib. i. metrum 1. — Carmina qui quondam studio florente per- egi, &o. — The metres of Boethiue, strictly speaking, begin here. » Cott. hp»r- ' THE METEES Or BOETHIUS. 269 anb heopa blifre ppom. Fophpam polbe je. peopulb ppynb mine, rec^an oBfe finjan. f ac ic 2ep»llic mon. paepe on peopvilbe. ne pync fa popb pot5. nu fa ^ej-aelfa ne majon. pmie jepunijan. METETJM III." ^ala on hu jpimmum. anb hu jpnnbleajnim. j-eaSe jjmceS. f aec ppeopcenbe mob. ponne hic fa pcponjan. ]-copmaf beacatS. peopulb-bij-pm^a. fonne hic pmnenbe. hij- ajen leohc. an foplaeCeS. anb mib uua ppjit. fone ecan jepean. fpmjtS on fa f lojrpo. f ij-fe populbe. popsum jeppenceb. ppa If f ijjum nu. mobe gelumpen. nu hic mape ne pac. pop liobe jobep. bucon jnopminse. fpembpe populbe. him ip Fpoppe f eapp. Why did your songs to me, World-loving men, Say joy belongs to me, Ever as then ? Why did ye lyingly Think such a thing, Seeing how flyingly Wealth may take wing ? METEE III. A rXTTE OF DESPAIE. Alas ! in how grim A gulf of despair, Dreary and dim Eor sorrow and care, My mind toils along When the waves of the world Stormy and strong Against it are hurl'd. When in such strife My mind will forget Its light and its life In worldly regret, And through the night Of this world doth grope Lost to the light Of heavenly hope. Thus it hath now Befallen my mind, I know no more how God's goodness to find, But groan in my grief Troubled and tost. Needing relief For the world I have lost. Eoet. lib. i. metrum 2. — Heu, quam prjecipiti mersa profundo, &c. 270 THB METEES OE BOETHIUS. METETJM IV." ^ala fu j-cippenb. ]-cippa tuhgla. hepone)- anb eojifan. fu on healirj-eclQ.. ecum picfaj^C- anb }>u ealne hp»8e. hefon ymbbpeappeft. anb puph fine halije mihc. cunjlu jenebepc. ])aec hi pe CO hepatS. ppylce peo punne. ppeaptpa nihca. fiopcpo abpaepcetS. fuph ]>me mehc. blacum leohce. beophce pceoppan. mona semeCja^. puph Jimpa meahta ppeb. hpilum eac ]>a> pmman. pmep bepeapaS. beophtan leohcep. ponne Inc jebypigan mse^. fast ppa geneahpne. nebe peopJJaS. ppelce fone ms&paai. mopgenpceoppan. fe pe oSpe naman. sepenpceoppa. nemnan hepatS. pu genebepc ])one. fsec he f 8epe punnan. pi8 bepicige. geapa jehpelce. he gongan pceal. bepopan pepan. ' ^Ppaec fu psebep pepcepc. jumiip-laiige bagap. ppitSe hace. METEB IV. A PSAIM T,0 GOD. Thou, that art Maker of heaven and earth, Who steereat the stars, and hast given them birth ; Por ever Thou reignest upon Thy high throne, And tumest all swiftly the heavenly zone. Thou, by Thy strong holiness drivest from far In the way that Thou wiUest each worshipping star ; And, through Thy greai power, the sun from, the night Drags darkness away by the might of her Ught. The moon, at Thy word, with his pale shining raya Softens and ahadawsthe stars as they blaze. And even the Sun of her brightness bereaves, Whenever upon her too closely he cleaves. So also the Morning and Even- ing Star Thou makest to foUowthe Sun from afar, To keep in her pathway each year evermore, And go as she goeth in guidance before. " Boet. lib. i. metrum 5. — Stelliferi Conditor orbis, &c. THE MEXEES OP BOETHIUS. 271 ])sem pincep-bagum. punbjxum j-ceopca. ciba secioiihape. Du fsem Cpeopum j-elejr. jTipan anb pej-tan. fa eep pe ppeapca pcopm. nopfan anb eapcan. benumen haspbe. leapa jehpelcep. ]>uph f one laSpan pinb. Gala hp%t on eopfan. ealla gepceapca. hypaS finpe haspe. botS on heoponum ppa pome. mobe anb msejne. buCan men anmn. pe pits fimmn pillan. pypcetS opeopc. |7ella pn eca. anb ]>n almihciga. ealpa jepceapca. pceppenb anb peccenb. apa fmum eapmum. eopfan cubpe. monna cynne. fuph fmpa mehta ppeb. ppi ])u ece Eob. seppe polbe. f aeC pio pypb on jepill; penban pceolbe. yplum monnum. eaUep ppa ppitSe. hio pul opc SepeS. unpcylbejum. SictatS ypele men. jionb eopS-picu. on heah-peclum. haLje fpiccatS. unbep heopa poCum. pipum uncuS. bpi pio pypb ppa po. Behold too, Father, Thou ■vrorkest aright To summer hot day-times of long-living light. To winter all wondrously or- derest wise Short seasons of sunshine with frost on the skies. Thou givest the trees a south- westerly breeze, "Whose leaves the swart storm in its fury did seize By winds flying forth from the east and the north And scattered and shattered all over the earth. On earth and in heaven each creature and kind Hears Thy behest with might and witk mind ; But man, and man only, who oftenest still Wickedly worketh against Thy wise wilL For ever,AlmightyOne,M!afcer, and Lord, On us, wretched earthworms, Thy pity be poured ; Why wilt Thou that welfare to sinners should wend, But lettest weird ill the un- guilty ones rend ? Evil men sit, each on earth's highest seat, Trampling the holy ones under their feet ; 272 THE METRES OP BOETHIUS. penban j-ceol&e. Spa pnc 5ehybbe. hep on popiil&e. jeonb bupja pela. beophce cpsapcap. Unpihtpipe. eallum cibum. habbatS on hoppe. fa pe him pnbon. pihcep pippan. picep pypSpan. BiS f leape loc. lanje hpile. beppijen mib ppencum. Nu on populbe hep. monnum ne bepiaS. mane a])ap. Urip pu nu palbenb ne pile. pipbe pceopan. ac on pelf-pille. pijan laecepc. ponne ic paCs]>»6 ce pile. populb-men cpeojan. jeonb folban-pceac. bucon pea ane. 6ala min Dpyhcen. fu pe eaUe ofeppihjc. populbe gepceapCa. phc nu on moncyn. milbum eajum. nu hi on monejum hep. populbe ypum. pynnat5 anb ppincaS, eapme eoptS-papan. apa him nu pa. Why good should go crookedly no man can say, And bright deeds in crowds should lie hidden away. The sinner at all times is scorning the just, The wiser in ' right, and the worthier of trust ; Their leasing for long while with fraud is beclad, And oaths that are lies do no harm to the bad. Guide, if thou wilt not steer fortune amain. But lettest her rush so self- willed and so vain, 1 know that the worldly will doubt of Thy might, And few among men in Thy rule will delight. My Lord, overseeing all things from on high, Look down on mankind with mercy's mild eye ; In wild waves of trouble they struggle and strive, Then spare the poor earth- worms, and save them alive ! THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. 273 METEUM V.a Du meahc be fsejie jninnan. j-peocole gefencean. anb be sejhpelcum. oSpum j-ceojipan. Jjajia fe septep bupjum. beophtoj-c j-cmeiS. Elf him pan pope. polcen hanjatS. ne maejen hi j-pa leohtne. leoman anj-enban. aap ]-e ]jicca mif c. ]«npa peoptSe. Spa ope j-mylce pse. j-ufepne pmb. jpasje glaj'-hlutSpe. 5pimme gebpepeS. Jjonne hie jemenjatS. micla y)"Ca. onhpepa^ hpon-mepe. hpioh biS fonne. peo }>e ffip jlabu. on-]iene psep. Spa ope aepppinje. utapeallelS. op dipe hapum. col anb hlucop. anb jepechce. pihce plope^. ipneS piS hip eapbep. oS him on mnan pel8. munCep msegen-pCan. anb him on mibban jehgeiS. atpenblob op fsem toppe. he on Cu piS]>an. copceaben pypS. pcip hiS jebpepeb. hupna geblonben. bpoc bi6 onpenbeb. METEB Y. OP TEOrBLE AND ITS CUBE. Te may leam by the stars and the sun Shining on cities so bright, If the welkin hangs dreary and dun, To wait in the mist for the light. So too, the calm sea, glassy grey, The south wind all grimly makes riot ; Ajid whirlpools in strife stir away The whale-pond that once was 80 quiet. So also, outwelleth a spring, All clear from the cliff and all cool. Till midway some mountain may fling A rock to roll into the pool. Then broken asunder will seem The rill so clear-running before. That brook is turned out of its stream. And flows in its channel no more. So now, in thy darkness of mind. Thou wiliest my wisdom to spurn. '^ Boet. lib. i. metrum 7. — Nubibus atris, &c. 274 THE iCETEES OP BOETHItTS. op bip pihc pyne. pyjjum coplopen. )'pa ma fa fioj-Cpo. f inpe heopcan piUaS. uimpe leohcan. lape piSj-conban. anb Jim mofe-gef one. miclum jefapepan. Ac gip fu nu pilnapc. fsec pu pel masge. faeC poSe leohc. ppeocole oncnapan. leohce geleapan. fu poplsecan pcealc. ible opep-pselpa. uimycne gepean. J>u pceafe eac ypeliie e^e. an-poplaeCan. populb- eappofa. ne mopt f u pepan pop faem eallep Co opmoh, ne Jiu ]>e seppe ne Iset. plenca jepaecan. fe laep fu people pop him. mib opep-mectnim. epc jepcenbeb. anb Co upahapen. pop oppopjum. populb jepseljium. Ne epC Co paclice. jeopcpeope. senijep ^obep. f onne fe fop populbe. pijieppeapba msapc.^ Jiinja fpeaje. anb J)u fe pelpum. ppifopC onpCCe. popfaem pimle bi^. pe mob-pepa. miclum jebunben mib. • Cott, Witlistjandingi iDy trouble made blind, The lessons thou never wilt learn. Tet now, if ye will, as ye may, The true and pure light clearly know. Let go the vain joys of to-day, The weal that brings nothing but woe. And drive away bad unbelief, The fears of the world and its care, And be thou not given to grief, Nor yield up thj mind to despair. Nor suffer thou glad-going things To puff thee with over-mueh pride, Nor worldliness lifting thy wings. To lure thee from meekness aside ; And let not, too weaHy again, lUs make thee despair of the good,. When hunted by peril and pain. And haunted by misery's brood. For always the mind of a man Is bound up with trouble below, mBepS, THE METBES OF BOETHITIS. 275 je&pepnej-j-e. ^if tme bpeccean moc. fipj-a yjrla lipsefep. mnan j-pencan. popjjaam fa tpejen tjiesan. ceoS to pomne. piS fat mob popan. mipcep bpolemian. J>aec hit peo ece ne mot. hman jeonb pcman. [miptimi. punne pop fsera ppeaptum Sep f sem hi jeppiSjiab peopfen. If riches or poverty ean Engraft it with sin or with woe. Because the twin evils make dan The mind in a misty swart shroud, That on its eternity's sun la dim till it scatters the cloud. JIETEUM VI.« Da pe pipbom ept. popb-hopb onleac. janj poS-cpibap . anb J)up pelpa cp»t5. Donne pio punne. ppeotolopt pcmetS. habpopt op hepone. hpseSe bioS af iptpob. eaUe opp eop])an. ot5pe pteoppan. popf am biopa biphtu ne anht [biphtnepj-e.] CO jepectane. piS fsape punnan leoht. Donne pmolce bl»pS. pufan anb peptan pmb. unbep polcnmn. fonne peaxeS hpaSe. pelbep bloptman. paegen fset hi moton. Ac pe pteapca jropm. ])onne he ptpong cymtS. nopfan anb eapcan. he gemmed hpaSe. Jjsepe popan phte. " Boet. lib. ii. metrum 3.- METEE VI. or CHANGE. Then did Wisdom again Unlock his word-hoard well. And sang in soothful strain The truths he had to tell. When with clearest blaze The sun shinies in the sky, The stars must quench their rays biS. Over ths earth so high. Eor that, set in the light Of her that rules by day. Their brightness is not bright. But dimly dies away. When the wind South-west Under the cloud blows, low, Eield-flowers wax their best, Eain to be glad and grow. But when by East and North, The stark storm strongly blows, He speedily drives forth All beauty from the rose. -Cum polo Phoebus roseis quadrigis, &o. t2 276 THE METBES OE BOETHITTS. Anb eac J>a puman yaa. noppepne yp. nefae gebsebeb. fsec hio j^anjegeonb ftypeb. on prafu beaceS. 6ala f on eopfan. auht fsej-clicej-. peopcei" on populbe, ne punatS seppe. So, with a stern needs-be The northern blast doth dash And beat the wide waste sea That it the land may lash. Alas, that here on earth Nothing is fast and sure ; No work is found so worth That it for ever endure. METEUM VII.' Da onjon j-e yijbom. hif jepunan fylgan. 5ho-popbum 50I. jyb »c' j-pelle. j-onj pot5-cpiba. jTimne fa jeca. EpaeB he ne hepbe. ])8ec on heanne^ munc, monna aenij. xneahte a)-ectan. heaUe hpop-fsepce. Ne feapp eac hselepa nan. penan ]?»]■ peopcep. ]?Eec he pipbom msege. pits opepmecca. aappe gemenjan. Uepb'ep ))u seppe. paec ce aenig mon. on ponb beopgap, petcan meahce. psepce heaHe. Ne m»2 eac pipa nan. pipbom cimbpan. jjsep ))8ep populb-jitpunj. beops opepbpsebe^. bapu ponb piUa^. pen popppeljan. ' Boet. lib. ii. metrum 4.- ■ Cott. ape. METRE VII. OF CONTBBTAND HrMBLElfESS. Again, as his wont, began "Wisdom a song, And spoke out his spells as he wander'd along. He said : On a mountain no man can be skill' d With a roof weather-proof a high hall to up build. Moreover, let no man think ever to win By mixing pure wisdom with over-proud sin. Heard ye that any built firmly on sand, Or caught hold of wisdom with gain-getting hand ? The light soil is greedy to swallow the rain ; So now doth the rich, in his measureless gain -Qnisquis volet perennem, &c. ^ Cott. heane. THE METRES OF BOETHItTS. 277 Spa &eS jucpa nu. gpunbleaj- gicj-ung. Jilpej; anb aehca. gebpmceS Co bpyjjum. bpeoj-enbne pelan. anb f eah Jisej- feapfan ne biS. pupj-c aceleb. Ne msej hselefa jehpsem. huj- on munte. lanje jelaej-tan. fopfaem him lunjpe on. rpip pinb ppapeS. Ne biS fonb fon ma. piS micelne pen. manna aensum. hupep hipbe. ac liic hpeopan pile. pijan ponb aepcep pene. Spa bioS anpa jehpsep. monna mob-pepan. miclum apejebe. op hiopa pcebe pCypebe. f onne he pCponj bpeceS. pinb unbep polcnum. populb- eappojja. o6Se hi^ epc pe pefa. pen onhpepeS. pumep ymbhojan. ungemec jemen. Ac pe pe ]ja ecan. agan pille. pojian jepseljja. he pceal ppi6e pLon. pippe populbe phce. pypce him pit5f an. hip mobep hup. f aep he mseje pmban. ea^mecta pcan. ungemecpsepcne.^ Spunb-peal jeapone. 1 Cott. hie. 2 Of honours and havings, drink deep of such weal, Yea, down to the dregs, and still thirsty will feel. A house on a hill-top may never long stay, I"or quickly the swift wind shall sweep it away. And a house on the sand is no better at all ; In spite of the house-herd, in rain it shall fall. So failing and fickle is every mind "When rack'd by the rage of this world-trouble wind. And measureless cares, as a quick-dropping rain Unstopping, stir up the mind's welkin with pain. But he who would have ever- lasting true bliss. Must fly from the glare of a world such as this : And then let him make a strong home for his mind, Wherever true Lowliness' rock he can find ; Cott. unij mefcjTBeptne. 278 THE METEES OE I0ETIIIT7S. j-e Co-^lifaan ne peapp. peah hic pecje pmb. populb-eapfopa. oSSe ymbhogena. opmeCe pen. fopjieem on psepe bene. Dpihten j-elpa. papa eafametca. eapbpaejc punigaS. paep j-e j7i]-bom a. puna^ on gemynbum. poppon opf op5 lif . eaimj IsebaS. populb-men pipe. buCon penbinge. ponne lie eall poppili^. eopSLcu soob, anb eac ])apa ypela. oppoph punaS. hopaS to pam ecum. pe paep aepcep cumaS. pme ponne saghponan. aalmihcij Eoob. pmgallice. jumle gehealbeS. anpunigenbne. hip ajenum. mobep jepelpum. puph mecobep jipe. peah hme pe pmb. populb-eappopa. ppiSe ppence. anb hme pingaJe. gemen gaele. ponne him gpimme on. populb-pselpa pmb. ppa?5e blapetS. peah pe hme ealneg. pe ymbhoga pypj'a. pojmlb-pselpa. ppatSe bpecce. A settled ground-anchor tbat never shall slide, Though trouble attack it by tempest and tide ; For that, in Lowliness' valley so fair, The Lord, and mind-wisdom for ever live there. Therefore leads always a quiet- like life The wise in the world, without changes or strife, When heedless alike of earth's good and earth's ill, He watches in hope of an after- world still. Such an one evermore Grod ever kind Happily keeps in the calm of his mind ; Though wild winds of sorrow against him are hurl'd. Though always annoyed by the cares of the world, Though wrathful and grim are these trouble-dark gales, And Care in its anguish and anger assails. THE METllES OF BOETHIUS. 279 METEUM VIII.s Sona j-pa j-e J7i]-bom. ]>a.Y pojib hsep be. rpecole apeahce. he ]3a j-iSjjan onjan. pn^an j-oS-cpiba]-. anb fuj- peljia cpae^. Ppaet pio fopme elb. polb-buenbum. jeonb eopjjan-j-ceac. aeghpam bohce. fa fa anpa gekpasm. on eop^-p3Bptmum. genoh ])iihce. mp hic nu fa ppelc. nsejion fa 5eonb peopulbe. pelije hamap. ne miplice. meCCap ne bpmcap. ne ti f apa hpsegla. hupu ne gembon. f e nu bpihc-juman. biopopt IsecaB. f opf aem hiopa nsenig. nsep fa jieta. ne hi ne jepapon. jTinb-buenbe. ne ymbuCan hi. apep ne hepbon. hpaac hi pipenlupca. ppecene paepon. buton ppa hi meahcon. JemethcopC. fa gecynb began, f e him Epipc jepceop. anb hi sene on baeje. aeron pymle. on 3epen-Cib. eopf an pseptmap. B Boet. lib. ii. metrnm 5. — Felix niminm prior setas, &o. METEE VIII. OS PEIMAL IKNOCENCE. Soon as "Wisdom thus had sung, He begap, with plainer tongue, Sooth to sing hia sayings thus, And himself to speak to us. O how full of blessing then Was the first glad age to men ! When earth's fruitful plenty came, Not as now, to all the same ; "When through all the world were there No great halls of costly care ; No rich feasts of meat or drink ; Neither did they heed or think Of such jewels, then unknown, As our lordlinga long to own ; Nor did seamen aye behold, Nor had heard of gems or gold. More ; with frugal mind they fared ; And for pleasures only cared, As at Christ's and kindred's voice They were bidden to rejoice. Once in the day, at eventide. They ate earth's fruits, and nought beside ; No wine thej drank, their stoup was clear ; No cunning slave was mingling near 280 THE METEES OF BOETHirS. pubej- anb pyjica. nallej- pm bpuncon. jcip op j-ceape. nasj- fa j-cealea nan. Jie mece o86e bpmc. maenjan cuSe. paacep yiS hunige. ne heopa pseba fon ma. jioloce piopian. ne 111 piapo-cpKftum. gobpeb jijiebon. ne 111 gimpeceb. fetcon j-eapolice. ac hi pimle him. eallum Cibum. uce plepon. unbep beam-pceabe. bpuncon bupnan paetep. calbe pellan. iiEsnij cepa ne peah. opep eap-jeblonb. ellenbne peapob. ne hujiu ymbe pcip-hepjap. ]3e-cilcap ne hepbon. ne pupfum pipa nan. ymb gepeohc pppecan. naap peoj' eopSe bepmicen apep ])a jeca. beopnep blobe. ])e hi ne'^ biU-pube. ne puppum punbne pep peopulb-buenbe. gepapan unbep punnan. nsenis piSfan pasp. peopS on peopulbe. jjp mon hip pillan onseac. ypelne inib elbum. he paep aB^hpffim laS. Gala f sec^ hiC pupbe." oSSe polbe Eob. > Cott. hme. Meats and drinks, to glut their greed, Or make the heated honey- mead; No silk-sewn weeds wish'd they to wear ; ISo good- webs dyed with crafty care; Nor set on high with skilful power The mighty dome, or lofty tpwer. But under the sweet shade of trees They slept at all times well at ease, And, when thirsting, gladly took Water from the running brook ; Never trader wandered o'er Seas to seek a foreign shore, Never had one heard, indeed, Of ships to till the briny mead ; Nowhere yet with blood of men "Was the earth besmitten then, Nowhere had the sun beheld Steel that struck, or wound thatwell'd. Those who work'd an evil will "Won not worship for their ill ; All would then have loathed them sore : O that this could be once more! ' Cott. JjKsp. THE METRES OE BOETHITTS. 2S1 ]>8ec on eopfan nu. uyj^a tiba. jeonb fap pi ban peopulb. paepen sejhpsep' ppelce. unbep j-unnan. Ac hit ip psempe nu. fset feop jitpunc hapatS. ^umena jehpelcep. mob ameppeb. fat he mapan ne pectS. ac hiC on pitte. peallenbe bypntJ. epne pio gitpunj. Tpe nsenne gpunb hapa?5. ppeapce ppaepecS. pumep on lice. epne fam munce. fe nu monna beapn. 6cne haca8. pe on iglonbe. Siciha. ppeple bypneS. fsec mon helle pyp. hateS pibe popfsem hic pimle biS. pin-bypnenbe. anb ymbutan hit. oSpa ptopa. blate popbaspnS. bitepan lege. Gala hp»t pe popma. peoh-jitpepe. paepe on populbe. pe flap ponj-ptebap. 2pop aeptep golbe. anb septep jim-cynnum hpaet he ppecnu geptpeon. punbe maenejuni. beppigen on peopulbe. psetepe oStSe eopf an. 1 Cott. that God would now on earth Make us all so purely worth ! But, alas ! men now are worse ; Lust of getting sets a curse As a clog upon each mind, Eeckless other good to find. Lust of gain unfathomed glows In the heart with bubbling throes ; Swart it. lies, and sweltering deep, Like old Etna's boiling heap, Which in Sicily's broad isle, Burns with brimstone many a mile, So that men around it tell, Of its fires as fires of hell, !For that ever still it burns Bitter everywhere by turns. Woe! that ever should have been In this world the sinner seen, Who was first so basely bold As to dig for gems and gold : Cares for many then he found Darkly hidden in the ground. Dangerous wealth and deadly worth In the deeps of sea and earth. sBghpasp. 282 THE METKES OB EOETHIUS. METEUM IX.i' METEE IX Ppaec pe ealle picon. hpelce sejilejxe. je neah je peop. Nepon poptte. Eompapa cynmg. fa hi]- pice paep. hehpc un&ep heoponum. Co hpype monegum. fselhpeopep gepeb. p»f pul pibe cuS. unpiht-hsemefa . apleapta p ela. man anb moppop. mipbseba popn. unpihtpipep. mpib-fOBcap. |?e hec him Co gamene jeapa popbs&puan. Romana bupij. pio hip picep psep. eaUep efel-pcol. pe pop unpnyccpum. polbe panbian. gip f pyp meahce. hxau ppa leohce. anb ppa longe eac. peabpa peccan. ppss he Eomane. pecjan jehepbe. fasC on pume Cibe. Tpoia bupj. opepCogen h»pbe. lega leohcopc. lenjepc bupne. hama unbep heponum. Nsep f sec hephc bseb. fsec hine ppelcep samenep. jUpan lypce. i> Boet. lib. ii. metrum 6, — ^Kovimus gnnntas dederit ruinas, &c NEED. All Know too well, abroad or near at home, What evils Nero wrought, that King of Eome, When, highest imder heaven, his rule was then The dread and overthrow of many men. The madness of this savage bred betimes Lust, murder, vile misdeeds, a bad man's crimes ; He gave the word of old to wrap in flame Eome's self, his kingdom's seat, to make him game ; Wishing in wicked wantonness to know Whether the fire so long and red would glow As erst in Troy, he heard that Eomans said, The mounting fire burn'd longest and most red. Base deed, in such fierce frolic to delight. Aimless and vain, unless to mark his might. And, once it happened, at a certain hour. He would again show forth his frantic power. THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. 283 fa he ne eapnafae. ellej- puhte. buton Jjset lie polbe. opeji pep-]jiobe. hi]- ane)- hujiii. anpalb cyf an. 6ac hit jej-selbe. sec fumum ciejipe faec ye ilea hec. ealle acpellan. fa picojcan. Romana piCan. anb pa aepelepCan. eopl gebyjibum. pe he on psem polce. jeppijen hsep be. anb on uppan. ajene bpofop. anb hip mobop mib. meca ecjum. billmn op-beatan. Pe hip bpybe opplog. pelp mib ppeopbe. anb he pjmle paep. micle pe bhSpa. on bpeopc-copan. ponne he ppylcep mopSpep. msapt jeppemebe. nallep p opjobe. hpsepep piSfan a. mihcij Dpihcen. ameCan polbe. ppece be gepyphmm. poh-ppemmenbuBi. ac he on pepSe psegn. pacnep anb peapupa. paelhpiop punobe. fiolb emne ppa feah. eaEep fippep maepan. mibban-jeapbep. ppa ppa lypc anb laju. And bade the richest men of Eome be slain, Each earl of highest birth, each wisest thane : With swords and bills he hewed until they died, His mother, brother, yea, and his own bride, — Ever the blither in his own bad breast "When he had done such mur- ders cruellest. Nothing reck'd he that soon the mighty Lord Would mete out wrath to sin- ners so abhorr'd, But in his mind, that fed on wicked wiles, Eemain'd a savage, wreath'd in cunning smiles. Still, even he so ruled this middle-earth, Ear as the land hath air, and sea for girth. Ear as the sea surrounds all men and things. The seats of warriors, and the thrones of kiags. That from the South, and East, and furthest West, And earth's high headland reaching northernest, 284 THE METEES OP BOETHItTS. lanb ^mbclyppaS. gap-]-ec5 embe-sypt. gumena pice, j-ecje pclu. pi6-ea]-C anb pej"C. oS fa noptSmej-Can. naej-j-an on eopfan. eall J)8eC Nepone. nebe oS8e luj-Cum. heafo-pinca jehpilc hepan j-ceolbe. pe hsepbe him Co jamene ponne he on gylp aycaj. hu he eoptS-cyninjaj-. ypmbe anb cpelmbe. ^enj-c pu 'p ]'e anpalb. eatJe ne meahce. Eobej- seimihtigep fone gelp-pcafan. pice bepaeban. anb bepeajrian. hij- anpalbep. fuph pa ecan meahc. otSSe him hij- ypelep . ellej- ^efCiopan. Gala gip he polbe. psec he pel meahce. ]53ec unpihc him. eaSe popbioban. Gapla f j-e hlappb. hepig gioc plepce. ppape on fa fpypan. finpa fejena. ealpa f apa hselefa. fe on hif cibum. geonb fap laenan popolb. liban pceolbon. pe on unpcylbgum. eopla blobe. hip ]-peopb pelebe. ppitJe gelome. All this to Nero willing wor- ship gave, And every chief by force be- came his slave, Till 'twas his game, when pride had puff'd his mind To hunt and kill the kings of human kind. But thinkest thou that God's all holy might Could not with ease this haughty sinner smite, And scathe his pride, and drive him from the helm. Or quench his guilt, and so berid the realm ? O that he would, as well he might with ease. Ever forbid such wrongful works as these ! "Woe! that this lord should cast so heavy a yoke On all men's necks,both thanes and serving folk, Who, for the harmful season of his power, Lived in this- world their quickly passing hour : Woe ! that his sword was often weltering then With blood of high-born earls and guiltless men ! Clearly in this, our saying shone out bright, THE METBES Or BOETHIUS. 285 Daep psej- ypitSe j-peocol. fset pe paebon opC. fast pe anpalb ne be^. apihc 5obep. gip pe pel nele. fe hip gepealb IiapaS. That power can do no good, as well it might, If he who rules, wills not to rule aright. METEIJM X.» Eip nu haalef a hpone. hlipan lypCe. unnycne jelp. ajan pille. fonne ic hme polbe. popbum bibban. faec he hme sejhponon. ucan ymbe pohce. ppeocole ymb pape. pulS-eapc anb pepc hu pibjil pmc. polcnum ymbutan. heoponep hpealpe. hiS&.pnocpTzm. msej eaSe fmcan. faec feop eopSe pe. call pop pset opep. unjemec' lytel. feah hio unpipum. pibjel fmce. on pcebe pcponslic. pceopleapum men. feah maej fone pipan. on gepic-locan. psspe jitpunge. gelpep pcamian. ponne hme fsep hlipan. heapbopc lyptetS. anb he f eah ne maeg. pone cobpeban. > Boet. lib. ii. metrum 7. METEB X. or I'AME AND DEATH. If any man will be so vain As now for fame to lust. The empty praise of men to gain, And in such folly trust. Him would I bid to gaze around The circle of the sky. And think how far above the ground The heaven is wide and high. How small this world to wis- dom's ken Set against that so vast, Though ours may seem to wit- less men Huge, wide, and sure to last. Tet may the wise in heart feel shame That once his thirst was strong For silly greediness of fame That never lasteth long. Such lust of praise he may not spread Over this narrow earth, -Quicumque solam raente prseoipiti petit, &c. ' Cott. umsmes. 286 THE METKE3 OF BOETHITJS. Ofep pap neapopsm. nsenije finja. eopfan-fceatar. If fsec unnec gelp. 6ala opepmoban. hpi eop alyj-ce. mib eoppum j-pipan. pelppa piUum. fset ppsepe 510c. )-ymle unfaeplutan. ppy je jmb ]j»C unneC. ealiu5 ]-pmcen. faec je fone hlij-an. habban CiliatS. opep Jjioba ma. fonne eop peapf pe. i^eali eop nu jepsele. faec eop j-uS o6t5e nopfi. fa jfCmej'Can. eoptS-buenbe. on monij ]>iobi]-c. miclum hepien. Deah hpa sapele pe. eopl gebypbum. pelum jepeoppaS. anb on plencmn pio. bugupum biope. beaiS psep ne jcpife?. ponne him pum poplaeC. pobopa palbenb., ac lie pone pelegan. pasblum jelice. epn maspne JebeS. selcej- pmgep. Ppaep )-mc nu psep pipan. pelanbep ban. psep jolb-pmipep. pe paap geo msepopt poppy ic cpjetS psep pipan. pelanbep ban. poppy aangum ne mseg. 'Tis folly all, and of the dead, A glory nothing -worth. And you, proud, why wish ye still And strive with all your care The heavy yoke of your own will Upon your necks to bear ? "Why will ye toil yet more and more For glory's useless prize, And reach your rule from shore to shore TJnneeded and unwise ? Though now ye reign from South to North, And, with an earnest will. The furthest dweEers on the earth Tour dread behests fulEl ? The greatest earl of wealthiest praise However rich or high, Death cares not for hiin, but obeys The Euler of the sky ; With even hand right swift to strike, At His .allowing word. The rich man and the poor alike, The low-born and his lord. Where are the bones of We- land now. So shrewd to work in gold ? Weland, though wise, to death must bow, That greatest man of old : THE METEES 01? BOETHITJS. 287 eop^-buenbjia. j-e cpsept lopan. fe him Epip; onlsenS. Ne m»5 mon «fpe fy eS. senne pjiaeccan. hi]- cpaeftej- bemman. pe mon onceppan. mag. j-unnan onj-pifan. anb fifne jjipan jiobop. Of hi)- pihc-pyne. pmca aenigt ppa pac nu f ae]- pifaru pelan&ej- ban. on hpelcum m hlaepa. hpu]-an ]jeccen. < Ppaep 1]- nu )-e pica. Romana pita. anb je apoba. fe pe ymb j-ppeca?. hio.pa hepetoja. pe jehacen paj-. mib fisem buphpapum. Bpucuj- nemneb. Ppaep 1]- eac j-e pipa. anb pe peoptS-jeopna. anb J-e paepc-pseba. polcep hypbe. pe Tpssf uSpica. selcep finjep. cene anb cpapCij. fsem psep Eaton nama. pi paepon Sepypn. popS-gepitene. nat naenij mon. hpaep hi nu pnbon. Ppset ip hiopa hepe. buton pe hhpa an. pe ip eac to lytel. ppelcpa lapiopa. popf sem pa mago-pmcap. mapan pyp8e psepon. Though wise, I say ; for what Christ gives Of wisdom to a man, That craft with him for erer lives Which once on earth began : And sooner shall a man's hand fetch The sun from her due course. Than steal from any dying wretch His cunning skill by force. "Who then can tell, wise We- land's bones Where now they rest so long? Beneath what heap of earth and stones Their prison is made strong ? Home's wisest son, be-known so well, Who strove her rights to save, That might? master, who can teU Where Brutus has a grave ? So too, the man of sternest mould. The good, the brave, the wise. His people's shepherd, jrho hath told Of Oato, where he lies ? Long are they dead : and none can know More of them than their name : [now Such teachers have too little Of all their worthy fame. 288 THE METEE3 OF BOETHirS. on pojiulbe. Ac hic I)- yy]ije nu. Tpxt jeonb fap eoppan. aeghpsep pnbon. hiopa jehcan. hpon ymb j-ppsece. jTime openlice. eaEe popjitene. fKC hi pe hlipa. hip-cuSe ne maej. pope-maepe pepap. popS gebpenjan. Deali ge nu penen anb pilni5en. fsec je lanje Cib. libban mocen. hpsftC lop aeppe fy beC. bio otSSe ])ince. popfaam ^e nane poplec. ]jeali hiC lanj pince. beaS sepcep bogop-pime. f onne he haeptS Dpihtnep leape. Ppaec fonne haebbe. haele])a aenij. 3uma ast ))aain Jilpe. jip hine jegpipan mot. pe eca beaS. aepcep fippum populbe. Now too, forgotten every- where, The like to them have found But little kindly speech or care From all the world around ; So that, however wise in worth, Such foremost men may stand, No home-felt praises bring them forth Por fame throughout the land. Though now ye wish long time to live. And pine to have it so. What better blessing can it give Than now ye find below ? As Death lets none go free at last "When God allows him power, If Death for ever follows fast, How short is this world's hour! METEUM XI." An pceppenb ip. bucan aelcum cpeon. pe ip eac pealbenb. populb-jepceapta. heoponep anb eopfan. anb heah pae. anb ealpa ))apa. fe faep in puniaS. unjepepenhcpa. MBTEE XL OF sod's wise goteenment. One, only One, made all the heavens and earth ; Doubtless, to Him all beings owe their birth ; And guided by His care. Are all, who therein dwell un- seen of us. ■' Boet. lib. ji. metrum 8. — Quod mundus stabili fide, &c THE METEES OE BOETHIITS. 289 anb eac j-pa j-ame. And these whom we can look ])apa fe pe ea^um. at, living thus on lociaS.' In land, and sea, and air. ealpa jej-ceajrca. pe If selmihtij. He is Almighty: Him all psem oleccatS. things obey, ealle gej-ceapte. That in such bondage know- pe fsep ambehtep. how blest are they ; apuhc cunnon. Who have so good a king ; je eac ppa pame. Those also serve, who thereof pa psep auhc nycon. know not aught paec hi pap peobnep. Dutiful work, however little feopap pinbon. thought. pe up jepette. As bond-slaves they must pibo anb peapap. bring. eallum jepceaptum. unapenbenbne. He hath set out in kindred pingallice. kindness still pibbe jecynbe. Duties and laws to work His Jia pa he polbe. changeless will, paec •^ he polbe. And, after His own mind, ppa lange ppa he polbe. That which He will'd so long paec hic pepan pceolbe. as will He would. jpa hic eac to populbe pceal. He will'd that everything for puman^ pop6. ever should poppKm aeppe ne majon. Thenceforward keep its pa unpciUan. kind, populb-jepceapta. peoppan jepcilbe. Never may restless things to op paem pyne onpenb. rest attain. pe him pobepa peapb. And from that settled circle enbebypbep. turn in vain ealluin jepeCte. "Which order's God hath hapS pe alpealba. given. ealle gepceapca. He hath set fast, and check'd jebaec mib hip bpible. them each and all hapaS bucu ^ebon. By the strong measured bridle ealle jemanobe. of his call anb eac jetosen. To rest, or to be driven, f sec hi ne mocen. > Cott. puma's. V 290 THE ME.TBES OF BOETHITTS. opeji metobej- eft. seppe ^ej-ciUan. ne ej:t eallunja. j-pifop ycipian. tfonne hi pgopa-peapfa. hi)- jepealb-lefep. piUe onlaaeen. he hapaS ,}iam^ bpifele. bucu bepangen. , heopon anb eopfan. anb eall holma-bejong. 8pa haspS jeheafsspob. hepon-picep peapb. mib hip anpealbe. ealle gepceapta. fast hiopa seghpilc. piS ofeppin^. anb f eah pinnenbe. ppepia^ psepte. aajhpilc oj>ep. utan ymbolyppelS. fy laep hi Coppipen. f opfsem hi pymle ipeulon. fone ilcan pyne. epc ^ecyppan. ye »c ppymSe. p»bep getiobe. anb ppa ebnipe. epc jepiopjian. ppa hit nu pagat5. ppean ealb gepeopc. ]>»c te pinnenbe. pipeppeapb gepceapc. paspce pibbe. fop6 anhealfaaS. ppa nu pyp anb paeWp. polbe anb lagu-pspeam. maniju ofpu jepceapt. epn ppitJe him. jionb ]jap piban^ populbe. 1 Cott. ]>e. As He, great word, the leathern reins of might Holds loose in His right hand, or draws them tight ; Por He hath stretch'd along His bridle over earth, air, sea, and beach. That all things, leaning fastly each on each, By double strife stand strong. For, ever as at first, the Father bade, In the same way-s of running that He made Still changing though un- changed, By strife most steady keeping peace most true OurlVee-Lord's basndicraft, so old yet new. Is CTermore arranged. Thus earth and S6a-stream,£re and water thus, And all great tbings about or far from us, Betwixt themselves hold strife, Tet so good-fellowship allfastly keep. And render bondage true, and duty deep To Him who lent their life. Nor only thus, that eacfh the rest to please, Whitherward things together dwell at ease, ' Cott. pibaj-. THE MITEES OIT BOETHIITS. 291 pmna^ becpeox him. anb ]-pa feah majon. hiopa pejnunja. anb jepeppcipe. psej-ce gehealban. Nip hic no -p an, faet ppa eaSe msej. pipeppeapb jepceapC. pepan secjsebepe. pjmbel gepepan. ac hic ip peliicpe. fsec hiopa aenig ne mag. butan ofipum bion. ac pceal puhca gehpilc. pijeppeapbep hpsec-hpuju. habban unbep heoponum. faec hip hije. buppe jemetgian. Sep hic CO micel people, psep^ pe selmibciga. eallum gepceapCum. })sec jeppixle jepec. Jje nu punian pceal. pypca 2popan. leap gpenian. f sec on hseppepc epc. hpepc anb pealupaS. pmcep bpmjeS. pebep unjemec caib. ppipce pinbap. Sumop sepceji cymelS. peapm gepibepu. Ppsec ]ja ponnan mht. mona onlihcetS. otSfsec monnum bsej. punne bpmge'S. gionb f ap piban jepceapc. pseptS pe ilea Eob. eopfan anb paecepe. meapce gepecte. mepe-pcpeam ne beap. But far more strange than so, Nor one, but on its thwarter still depends. And lives on that which while it harms befriends. Lest it too great should grow. Wisely the mighty Pramer of the world Hath set this turn-about for ever twirl'd, Yet ever still to stay ; The sprouting wort shoots greenly from its root, And dying, then, in harvest yields its fruit, To live another day. Winter brings weather cold, swift winds and snow ; Summer comes afterward with warming glow ; By night outshines the moon; TiU o'er this wide-seen world the day up-springs, And to all men the sun return- ing brings Her welcome brightnesis soon. So also, God hath bounded sea and land : The fishy kind, except at His command, On earth may never swim : Nor can the sea earth's thresh- old overleap, Nor can the earth, beyond the tide at neap, [rim. O'erstep the sea's wide tJ2 292 THE METEE8 OP BOETHirS. ojrep eoppan ]-ceac. eajifa jebpaeban. f ij-ca cynne. bucan fpean leaje. ne hio sefpe ne mot. eopf an fypfc-polb. up ofep )-ceppan. ne fa ebban f on ma. polbej- meapce opep. papan mocon. fa gepecnej-pa. pjopa pealbenb. lipep leohc ppuma. l»t f enben he pile. jeonb fap msepan sejxeapc. meajice healben. Ac f onne pe eca. anb pe selmihtija. fa jepealb-lef epu. pile onlaecan. epne f apa bpibla. f e he jebsecre. mib hip ajen peopc. eaU see ppymtSe. f 8eC ip pif eppeapbnep. puhce jehpelcpe. f 6 pe mib f sem bpible. becnan tiliatS. gip pe f loben Iset. fa Coplupan. pona hi poplseCaS. lupan anb pibbe. f Sep gepeppcipep. ppeonb-pse&enne. CilaS anpa jehpilc. agnep pillan. populb-sepceapCa. pinna8 becpeox him. otSf sec flop eopSe. call foppeopf eS. anb eac ppa pame. These things the Source and Spring of life and light The Lord of wielded might, by His will's right, Biddeth their bounds to keep, Until the Ever - living One makes burst The curbing bridle set on all at first. And so unreins the deep. By rein and bridle in a hint I teach The waywardness of all things, each on each ; Por, if the Euler will'd The thongs to slacken, things would soon forsake All love and peace, and wilful evil make Instead of good fulfiU'd. Bach after its own selfish will would strive, Till none of things on earth were left alive In such bewrestling stern ; And in like manner other things unseen Would be as if they never then had been, All brought to nought in turn. But the same God, who meteth all things thus. Makes folk to be at peace with all and us. In friendship true and fast : THE METEES OF BOETHItTS. 293 o^pa jeyceapta. peopfaS him j-elpe. j-iSjjan to nauhte. Ac j-e ilea Tsob. re f eall mecga^S. )-e jepehS p ela. polca Co fomne. an& mib ppeonbfcipe. ps&jte seja&patS. jej-amnaB finpcipa)-. f ibbe gemenje^. clsenlice luf e. rpa j-e cpsepcga eac. Sepeprcipar. pEepte sej-amnatS. f sec hi hiopa ppeonbj-cipe. popS on j-ymbel. unCpeopeaibe. Cpeopa gehealbaS. pibbe pampabe. Gala pigopa Eob. pasp pip moncyn. nudum gepselig. jip hiopa mob-pepa. meahce peoppan. )-capolpsepc gepeahc. puph pa pCponjan meahc. anb ge enbebypb. ppa ppa oSpa pinc. populb gepceapca; psepe hic la ponne. mupje mib monnum. jip hic meahce ppa. He knits together in a love most fond Unending wedlock, and the kindred bond For evermore to last. So too, the skill'd All-worker well unites The fellowship of men in friendly rights, That they may live at peace, In simple truthfulness and single strength Thenceforth for ever of one mind, at length To make all evil cease. O God All-conquering! this lower earth "Would be for men the blest abode of mirth If they were strong in Thee, As other things of this world well are seen ; then, far other than they yet have been. How happy would men be! METEUM XII.i Se pe piUe pypcan. psepCmbeepe lonb. acio op psem aecepe. ajpepC pona. METEE XII. USES OE ADTEESITX. "Whoso Wills to till a iield, "Well to bear a fruitful yield, 1 Boet. iib. iii. metrum 1. — Qui serere ingenuum volet agrum,&o. 294 THE METEES OE BOEXHIUS. peapn anb Jiopna)-. anb fypraj- )-pa j-ame piob. ]?a fe piilaS,. pel hpseji bepian. clasnum hpaeCe. J)y laej- he cif a-leaf. licje on jjaeiri lanbe. I]' leoba gelipaem. flop o8pu bypen. epn behepu. fset ip JiKC ce fynceS. fejna gehpelcum. hunigep bi-b]»eab. healpe fy ppecpe. gip he hpeiie aeji. liunigep ceape. bjcpep onbypjetS. BiS eac ppa pame. monna sejhpilc. micle fy psejenpa, lipep peSpep. pf hme lycle »p. pcopmap gepconbaS. anb pe pceapca pmb. nop])an anb eapcan. Naenegum fuhce. bseg on f once. Jip pio bimme nihc. ap opep elbum. egepan ne bpohce. Spa fmcS anpa gelipsem. eopS-buenbpa. pio poSe jepasK. pymle pe becepe. anb jiy pynpumpe. pe he pica ma. heapbpa henpa.. hep abpeogeS. Du meaht eac mycle py eS. on mob-pepan. popa gepaelpa. Let him first pluck up and burn Thorns and thistles, furze and fern, Which are wont clean wheat to hurt, Lying lifeless in tlie dirt. And this other likeneas too Well behoves us all to view. Namely, that to those who eat Honeycomb, it seems more sweet, If a man before the tear Of honey, taste of bitter cheer. So it falls, that all men are Witli fine weather happier far If a little while before Storms were spread the welkin o'er, And the stark wind, east bj^ north. Lately rush'd. in anger forth. None would think the daylight dear If dim night they did not fear ; So, to every one of us. On the broad earth dwelling thus, Joy more joyous still is seen After troubles once have been. Also, thine own mind to please, Thou shalt gain the greater ease, THE METBBS aEaOEXniUS. 295 fpeotolop gecnapan. an& to heopa cyS8e. becuman ptSfan. gif J)u up acyhpS. sepq-c j-ona. anb ya. apypcpalaj-C. op sepit-locan. leapa jepsslpa. ppa ppa lonbep;-ceopl; op hip secepe lycS. ypel peob monij. Si^fan ic fe pecje. faac ])u ppeotole meahc. pof a jepselfia. pona oncnapan. anb fu seppe ne pecpc. sanijep fmjep. opep ])a ane. gip fu hi eallep onsicpt. And shalt go where true joys grow, If all false joys thou forego ; As ill weeds are puU'd with toil By the landrchurl from the soil. " And hereafter, thee I tell, True joys there await thee well ; Ay and here, if these be first, Thou for nought beside wilt thirst, But all else shall fail to please If thou truly knowest these. METETTM XIII.-" Ic piUe mib 5ibbum. jec jecyfan. hu pe sehnihcija. ealpa gepceapca. bpypS mib hip bpiblum. bejS fibep he pile. mib hip anpealbe^ ge enbebypb. punboplice. pel gemetjaS. hapaS ppa geheafopab. heopona pealbenb.. ucan bepangen. eaUa gepceapta.. Jepaepeb mib hip pacencan. Jisec hi apebian ne majon. jjsec hi hi asppe him. Of aplepen. METEB XIII. OF INWAED laZINGS. I will with songs make known How the Almighty still Bridles all things from His throne And bends them to His will. By His wielded might Set wonderfully right. The Euler of the skies Hath well girt all things so, Binding them in such strong ties, Aside they cannot go. And may not find the way "Whereby to slip astray. "" Boet, lib. iii. metrum 2, — QnairtaB' rerum fleotat habenas, &c. 296 THE MBTfiEB 01' BOETHIUS. anfc }>eah piihca jehpilc. ppijatS to-heal&. pbpa jej-ceajca. rpiSe onlielbeb. pits faap jecynbep. fe hi cymnj en^a. paebep set ppymBe. F»pte jetiobe. rpa nu finja jehpilc. fibeji-peapb pinbaS. pibpa jepceapta. bujon j-umum enjlum. anb moncynne. fapa miclep Co peola. popolb-punienbpa. pin8 pits gecynbe. ; Deah nu on lonbe. leon jemece. pynpume piht. pel acemebe. hipe magipcep. miclum Iiifije. anb eac onbpsebe. bogopa jehpelce. 3if hic aeppe sepSeltS.. fasc hio aenijep. blobep onbypgetS. ne feapp beopna nan. penan faepe pypbe. faec hio pel pitSf an. hipe caman healbe. ac ic ciohhie. fsec hio fsep nipan taman. nauhc ne gehicgge. ac fone pilban gepunfin. pille jejiencan.^ hipe elbpena. ongintS eopnepce. pacencan plican. pjn gpyraecigan. • Colt. And each living thing On this crowded earth Firmly to the bent doth cling "Which it had at birth Prom the Father's hand, King of Angel-land. Thus each one we find Of beings in their turn, Save some bad angels and man- kind, Thitherward doth yearn ; But those too often force Against their nature's course. A lioness may be such A tame and winsome beast, That she may love her master much, Or fear him, at the least; Bat if she taste of gore She will be tame no more : Let it not be thought That she will then be mild. But back to her old likings brought ■ • Be as her elders wild. In earnest break her chain. And rave and roar amain. "Will first her keeper bite. And then all else beside. Sehincan. THE METRES OF B0ETHIU3. 297 anb 8epe]-t abiC. hipe ajene]-. huj-e]- hipbe. anb hpa^e filSpan. hsele^ja jehpilcne. pe hio jehentan msej. . nele hio pplsecan. libbenbej- puhc. neaca ne monna. nimS eall f hio put. Spa bdS pubu-pijlap. 'peak hi pel pien. cela acemebe. jif hi on tpeopum peopfatS. holce CO mibbep. hpseSe blots j-op^epene. heopa lapeopap. pe hi lanje sep. cybon ^ temebon. hi on cpeopum pilbe. ealb-jecynbe. a popS piSfian. piUum punia^. j>eah him polbe hpilc. heopa lapeopa. hpcmn beoban. Jjone ilcan mece. fe he hi sepop mib. came jecebe. him fa cpiju ]jmcat5. emne ppa mepge. Jiaec hi faep mecep ne pectS. finctS him co f on pynjTim. fiaec him pe pealb oncpyS. fonne hi gehepaS. hleojjpum bpaegban. otSpe fugelap. hi heopa ajne. pcepne pCypiaS. pCunaS eal jeabop. pel-pm]Tim pane. Cattle or men, each living wight, Will seize, whate'er betide, All she can find will seize, Her ravening to appease. So the wood finches too, Though timely tamed they be. If to the woods escaped anew. Again they flutter free ; However train'd and taught. Their teachers then are nought : But wilder evermore. They will not leave the wood, Though by their, trainers, as of yore. Enticed by tempting food ; So merpy seem the trees, That meats no more may please. All winsome then is found The wide weald sounding strong "With other birds that sing around, And so these find their song. Stunning one's ears with noise Of their woodland joys. 298 THE METEES OF BOETHITIS. pubu. eallum oncpyS. Spa biS eallum cpeopum. fe him on fej)de biS. faac hic on iolce. hyhfE jepeaxe. feah pu hpilcne boh. by5e piS eopfan. be biS uppeajibep. JT^a J>u an pojilsecej-C. pibu on pJlan. pent on gecynbe. 8pa beS eac po j-uiine. ])onne bio on pge peopJjetS. opeji mibne bseg; mepe conbel. pcypc on ofbsele. uncuSne peg. mhcep genepeS. nopS epc ■] eapt. elbimi ocepeB. bpencC eopS-papum. mopgen mepe tojihtne. hio Of ep moncyn jcibS. a uppeapbep. 08 bio epc cymeS. Jisep hipe ypemejC biS. eapb-jecynbe. Spa ppa selc sepGeapc. ealle msejene. jeonb pap piban populb. ppigaS -J higaS. ealle maegene. epC pymle on lyJE. pi8 hip gecynbep. cymS CO ponne biC m^sj. Nip nu opep eoppan. senegu gepceapc. pe ne pilnie psec hio. polbe cuman. Co pam eapbe. pe hio op becom. Thus too, every tree, Grown high in its own soil. Though thou' shalt bend its boughs to, be Bow'd to the earth with toil, Let go, it upward flies At its free will to rise. Thus also, when the sun, Great candle of the world,> After the midrday down dotli run To unknown darkness hurl'd, Again.she brings to earth'. Bright mom, north-east- ern birth. Upward she ever goes, XTp, to her highest place : So, every creature kindly grows According to its race, And strives with all its might To take its nature's right. There is not now one thing Over this wide earth That doth not all its longings fling About its place of birth, And safely there find rest In God. Almighty blest. There is not one thing found Over this wide world THE METEES OE BOETHI0S. 299 paat !)• opj-opjnei-. anb ecu pej-c. JiseC ip openlice; selmihti Dob. Ni]- irn Ofep eopjian. senegu jej-ceapt. fe ne hpeappije. ppa ppa hpeol beS. on hipe pelppe. popfon hio ppa hpeappaS. fsec hio epS cume. Jjsep hio Sep op paep. fonne hio aajiepc pie. Titan behpeppeb. f onne hio eallep pypS. uCan beceppeb. hio pceol epc bon. fsec hio aep bybe. anb eac pepan. fseC hio aepop pssp. But on itself with endless round It, like a wheel, is twirl' d. So turning to be seen As it before hath been: For when at first it moves. Right round it turns amain ; And, where it once has gone, behoves To go that way again; And as it was before. To be so evermore. MBTETJM XIY.-' ppsec bi6 fasm pelegan. poptilb-sit^epe. on hip mobe jjebec feah he micel age. jolbep -} gimma. anb jooba gehpsep. sehta unpim. anb him mon epigen pcyle. aejhpelce baeg. secepa fupenb. Deai J>ep mibban geapb. anb flip manna cyn. py unbep punnan. puts pepc -J eapc. hip anpalbe eall. unbepfiebeb. ne moc he fapa hyppta. METEB XIV. THE EMPTINESS OF WEALTH. What is a man the better, A man of worldly mould, — 4 Though he be gainful getter Of richest gems and gold, With every kind well filled Of goods in ripe array. And though for him be tilled A thousand fields a day ? Though all this middle-earth be Beneath his wealdom thrown. And men and all their worth be [own. South, east, and west, his - Boet. lib. iii. metrum 3.— Quamvis fluente dives auri gurgite, &c. 300 THE METEES OP BOETHIUS. hiona ne Isaban. op ))i)7e populbe. puhce fon mape. hopb-jej-tpeona. fonne he hifep bpohte. Da j-e p)-bom fa fir hoS apin^en haapbe. fa ongan he epc j^ellian anb cp»S. METETJM XV." Deah hme nu. pe ypela unpihcpipa. Nepon cynmcj. nipan jepceppce. plicejum paebum. punbopLce. jolbe sejlenjbe. anb giin-cynnum. f eah he paaj- on populbe. picena jehpelcum. on hip hp-bagum. laS anb iznpeoptS. piepen-pull. hp»c pe peonb ppa feah. hip biophngap. biijufum pCepCe. ^e maag ic feah jehycsan. hpy him on hi^e foppte. afy pael pepan. feah hi pume hpile. jecupe bucan cpsepcum. cyninja bypegapc. nsepon hy fy peopSpan. piCena senegum. feah hine j-e bypija. bo to cyninge. hu maes f jepceabpip. pcealc jepeccan. faec he him fy pelpa. pie ot56e f ince. " Boet. lib. iii. metnim 4.— He cannot of such treasure, Away with him take aught, Nor gain a greater measure Than in his mind he brought. Wisdom having sung this lay, Again began his spell to say. METRE XV. need's baseness. Though Nero now himself, that evil king TJnrighteous, in his new and glittering robe Deck'd wonderfully for ap- parelling With gold and gems and many a brightsome thing, Seem'd to be greatest of this earthly globe, Tet to the wise man was he full of crime, Loathly and worthless in his life's daytime: And though this fiend his darlings would reward With gifts of rank, my mind I cannot bring To see why he to such should grace afford : Tet if some whiles a foolish king or lord Will choose the simple all the wise above, A fool himself, to be by fools ador'd. How should a wise man reckon on his love ? Qnamvis se Tyrio superbus ostro, &c, THE METEE3 Or BOETHITTS. 301 METEIJM XVI.P 8e fe pille anpalb ajon. fonne j-ceal he apeyc tilian. Jisec he hi]- plfej". on j-ep an age. anpalb mnan. fy Isep he seppe )-ie. hip unpeapum. eall un&epf y&eb. abo op hip mobe. miphcpa pela. papa ymbhosona. pe him unnec pie. laece pume hpile. piopunja. anb epm])a pmpa. Deah him eall pie. fep mibban jeapb. ppa ppa mepe-pcpeamap. ucanbelicjatS. on sehc Jipen. epne ppa pibe. ppa ppa pepmept nu. an ijlonb hg^. uc on jappecs. p»p naenju bi5. nihc on pumepa. ne puhce f on ma. on pincpa baej. coceleb cibum. faec ip Tile hacen. peah nu anpa hpa. eaRep pealbe. paep ijlanbep. anb eac fonan. otS Inbeap. eapte-peapbe. ])eah he nu f eaU. agan mote. p Boet. lib. iii. metrum 5. — METEE XVI. or S B 1 F-E U Ii E. He that wishes power to win, I"irst must toil to rule bia mind, That himself the slave to sin Selfish lust may never bind : Let him haste to put away All that fruitless heap of care: Cease awhile tliy sighs to-day, And thyself from sorrow spare. Though to him this middle- earth !For a garden all be given, "With the sea-stream round its girth, East and west the width of heaven ; From that isle which lies out- right Furthest in the Western spray, "Where no summer sees a night, _ And no winter knows a day ; Though from this, far Thule's isle, Even to the Indian East, One should rule the world awhile, "With all power and might increas'd. Qui se volet esse potentem, &c. 302 THE METEES OT BOETHITS. hpy biiS hij- anpalb. auhce py mapa. pp he ptSfan nali. hif j-elfej- jepealb. mgefancej-. an& hme eopnej-ce. pel ne bepapenaS. popbum 3 bsefeutn. pi6 pa unpeapaj-. fe pe ymb pppecaB. METEUM XVII.5 Dsec eopSpapan. ealle haepben. polb-buenbe. pjiuman jelicne. hi op anum tpsem. ealle comon. pepe -J pipe, on popiilb mnan. anb hi eac nu ^ec. eaUe gelioe. on populb cumaS. ■ plance -} heane. nip 'p nan punfeop.. pojif sem pican ealle. Jjsec anljOb ip. ealpa gepceapca. ppea moncyiroep. psebep anb pcippenb. pe J78epe punnan leoht. peleS op heofonum. monan 3 ]>yfam} maepuin pteoppum. pe jepceop men on eoTipan. anb jepamnabe. paple to lice, sec ppuman aapepc. How shall he seem great or strong If himself he cannot save, "Word and deed against all wrong, But to sin is still a slaye ? METEE XVII. TETJE GEEAINEaS All men and all women on earth Had first their beginning the same, Into this world of their birth All of one couple they came : Alike are the great and the small ; No wonder that this should be thus ; For God is the Tather of all, The Lord and the Maker (tf us. He gireth light to the sun. To the moon and the stars as they stand ; The soul and the flesh He made one, When first He made man in the land. Well-born alike are all folk Whom He hath made under the sky ; 1 Boet. lib. lii. metrum 6. — Omne hominum genus in terris, &c. • Cott. >yr- TH"E 3IETEES 01' BOETHItlS. 303 folc unbep polcnum. emn »fele jej-ceop. s&5lipilcne mon. Ppjr ge ponne asfpe. opeji oSpe men. Ofepmobijen. bucon anbpeopce. nu je unaafelne. senij ne metaS. Ppy je eop pop sepelran. up afiebben nu. On pffim mobe bit5. monna jelipilcum. fa pihc sefelo. ]?e ic fe pecce ymb. nalep on psem plsepce. folb-buenbpa. Ac nu aeghpilc mon. fe mib ealle biS. hip unfeaputa. unbepfiebeb. he f oplsae sepept. hpep fpum-pceapc. anb hjp ajene. aefelo ppa pelpe. anb eac fone psebep. fe hine asc ppuman jepceop. poppaem hine anaefelaS. selmihCig Dob. fsec he unsef ele, a popS ))anan. pyp6 on peopulbe. to pUlbpe ne cymS. Why then on others a yoke Now will ye be lifting on high? And why be so causelessly proud, As thus ye find none are ill- bom? Or why, for your rank, from the crowd Eaise yourselves up in such scorn ? In the mind of a man, not his make. In the earth-dweller's heart, not his rank, Is the nobleness whereof I spake, The true, and the free, and the frank. But he that to sin is in thrall, Ill-doing wherever he can, Hath left the first life-spring of all. His God, and his rank as a man: And so the Almighty down- hurl' d £sin. The noble disgraced by his Thenceforth to be mean in the world, [win. And never more glory to METEUM XVIIL' Gala f pe ypla. unpihca ^ebeS. ppajja pilla. poh-hsemecep. METEE XVIII. OF SHTFtrL PLEiSrEE. Alas ! that the evil unrighteoos hot will ■■ Boet. lib. iii. metrum 7. — Habet omnis hoc voluptas, &c. 304 THE METEES OE BOBTHIXTS. faec lie mib ealle ^ebpsej^. anpa jehpylcep. monna cynnej-. mob plneah f on. hpaec j-io pil&e beo. peah pij- pe. anunga j-ceal. eall foppeopfan. pf hio yppm^a. apulic j-tmjeS. rpa pceal papla jehpilc. pi^f an lopan. Jij: ]-e lichoma. poplejan peopfeS." unpilic-haemebe. buce him aep cume. hpeop Co heopcan. aep he hionan penbe. Of lawlessly wanton desire should still Be a plague in the mind of each one ! Tlie wild bee shall die in lier stinging, though shrewd, So the soul will be lost if tlie body be lewd, Unless, ere it wend hence, the heart be imbued "With grief for the deed it hath done. METRUM XIX.' Gala f If hepig bypij. hysetS ymbe pe fe pile. anb ppecenlic. ppa jehpilcum. faac pa eapman men. mib ealle jebpseleS. Of paem pihcan pe^e. pecene alsebeb. Ppaefep je piUen. on puba pecan. 5olb }i»C peabe. on jpenum tpiopum. Ic pac ppa peah. psec hin piCena nan. fibep ne peceS. foppsem hic pssp he pexS. ne on pmjeapbum. pLcise'gjmmap. Ppy je nu ne peccan. METEE XIX. WHEEB TO EIND TETJE JOYS. Oh ! it is a fault of weight, Let him think it out who will. And a danger passing great Which can thus allure to ill Careworn men from the right way. Swiftly ever le^ astray. Will ye seek within the wood Eed gold on the green trees tall? None, I wot, is wise that could, Por it grows not there at all : Neither in wine-gardens green Seek they gems of glitter- ing sheen. Bo«t. lib. iJir metrum 8, — Eheu, quam miseros tramite devio, &c. THE METEES OF BOETHirS. 305 on jnime bune. pij-c nee eoppu. ponne eop pn lyj-cetS. leax oSSe cypepan. CCe gelico]-c f mcS. })8ec ce ealle piten. eopS-buenbe. Jjoncol-mobe. paec hi fsep ne pinC. Ppaef ep ge nu pillen. paefan mib hunbum. on pealcne pse. fonne eop pecan lypfc. heopotap 3 hinba. fu jehyc5an meahc. fast je pillaS Jia. on puba pecan. optop micle. fonne uc on pse. Ip '^ punboplic. pseC pe pitan ealle. jjsec mon pecan pceal. be pae-papoSe. anb be ea-oppum. aefele gimmap. hpice anb peabe. anb hipa sehpaep. Ppaet hi eac piCon. hpaep hi ea-pipcap. pecan puppan. anb ppylcpa pela. peopulb-pelena. hi f pel bo«. jeopnpulle men. jeapa jehpilc. ac f ip eapmhcopc, ealpa Jpinga. JiseC pa bypejan pint. on jebpolan popbene. ep ne ppa blmbe. ])KC hi on bpeopcum ne magon Would ye on some hill-top set, "When ye list to catch a trout Or a carp, your fishing net ? Men, methinks, have long found out That it would be foolish fare, Tor they know they are not there. In the salt sea can ye find, When ye list to start aud hunt With your hounds, the hart or hind? It will sooner be your wont In the woods to look, I wot, [are not. Than in seas where they Is it wonderful to know That for crystals red or white. One must to the sea-beach go. Or for other colours bright. Seeking by the river side Or the shore at ebb of tide? Likewise, men are well aware Where to look for river-fish, And all other worldly ware Where to seek them when they wish ; Wisely careful men will know Tear by year to find them so. But of all things 'tis most sad That the foolish are so blind. So besotted and so mad That they cannot surely find 306 THE METEES OF BOETniTTS. eaSe gecnapan. hpasp ya, ecan 500b. pofa jepseljia. pn&on gehyfafaa. foyipxra hi seppe ne lypC. aepcep ppypian. pecan pa jepaelfa. penaS pampipe. faac hi on jjip laenan m%gen. lipe pmban. pofa jepaelpa. faec ip pelpa Jjob. Ic nat hu ic mseje. nsenije finga. eallep ppa ppiSe. on pepan mmum. hiojia bypig taelan. ppa hit me bon lypCetS. ne ic fe j-pa ppeocole. gepecgan ne maaj. pojifaem hig'"^ pmc eapmpan. anb eac bypegpan. ungepsehgpan. ponne ic fe pecgan m»ge. pi pilnia^. pelan anb sehca. anb peop^pcipep. CO gepinnanne. fonne hi habbaS JiaaC. hiopa hige pecet5. penaS fonne. ppa gepitleape. Jiaet hi fa pofan. gepselfa hsebben. Where the ever-good is nigh And true pleasures hidden lie. Therefore, never is their strife After those true joys to spur; In this lean and little life They half witted deeply err, Seeking here their bliss to gain, That is, Grod Himself, in vain. Ah ! I know not in my thought How enough to blame their sin. Nor so clearly as I ought Canlshowtheir fault within, For, more bad and vain are they. And more sad than I can say. All their hope is to acquire Worship, goods, and worldly weal ; When they have their mind's desire Then such witless joy they feel. That in folly they believe Those true joys they then receive. > Cott. hit. THE METEES OE BOETUIUS, 307 METErM XX.< 6ala min Dpihcen. faat ))u eapc selmihtig. micel mobilic. mEepfum jejrpaese. anb punboplic. piCena gehpylcum. Ppsec })u ece Eob. ealpa gepceapta. punboplice. pel jepceope. iingepepenlicpa.^ anb eac ppa pame. jepepenlicpa. popCe pealbepc. pcippa jepceapta. mib jepceabpipim, msegne ] cpaepce. Du fypne mibban jeapb. fpom fpuman aepepc. fopS o^ enbe. tibum tobaelbep. ppa hit jecsepopc psep. enbebypbep. fKC 111 a^hpsftfep. ge appapaS. je epccumaS. Du J>e unpcilla. agna gepceapCa. CO finum pillan. piplice apcypepc. anb ]>e pelp punaepc. ppiSe pCiUe. unanpenbenblic.^ a popS pimle. nip nan mihCigpa. ne nan mseppa. ' Boet. lib. iii. metruin9. — Oquiperpetua miindum ratione gubernas, &e. ' Cott. uDgepepenlica. ^ Cott. unanpenbenblica yojfS pimle. x2 METEE SX. OE GOD AND HIS CKEATtTEES. thou, my Lord Almighty, great and wise. Well- seen for mighty vrorks, and marvellous To every mind that knows thee. Ever G-ood! "Wondrously well all creatures Thou hast made. Unseen of us or seen ; with softest band Of skilful strength thy brighter beings leading. Thou from its birth forth onward to its end This middle-earth by times hast measured out As was most fit ; that orderly they go And eft soon come again. Thou wisely stirrest To thine own will thy changing unstill creatures. Unchangeable and still thyself for ever ! No one is mightier, greater than Thou art, No one was made thine equal : need was none, 308 THE METEEa OF BOETHmS. ne jeonb ealle fa gej-ceapc. eplica pm. ne }>e aemj neb-feapp naef. sefpe jiec ealpa. jjapa peopca. ]je fu gepophc hapapc. ac mib pinum pillan. f u hiC pophcep call. anb mib anpalbe. finum ajenum. peopulbe jepophcepC. anb puhca jehpast. Jieah Jie nosneju. neb-feapp psepe eallpa. ]7apa msepf a. Ip ^ micel jecynb. finep joobep. fencS ymb pe fe pile. popfon hic ip eall an. selcep fincgep. ])u 3 'p ])in joob. hit ip fin agen. popfaem hit nip^ utan. ne com auhc Co fe. Ac ic geopne pac. fsec pm joobnep ip. aslmihcij 500b. eaE mib ]ie pelpum. pit ip unjelic. upum gecynbe. up ip utan cymen. eall fa pe habbaS. jooba on gpunbum. ppom Eobe pelpum. Naept fu Co aenegum. anban genumenne. popjiam pe nan f mj nip. fm jelica. ne hupu anig. selcpaepCijpe. Of all these works which Thou hast wrought, to Thee ; But, at the willing of thy power, the world And everything withiu it didst thou make, "Without all need to Thee of such great works. Great is Thy goodness,— think it out who will ; For it is all of one, in every- thing. Thou and Thy good; Thine own ; not from without ; Neither did any goodness come to Thee: But, well I know, Thy good- ness is most good All with Thyself: unlike to us in kind ; To us, from outwardly, from God Himself, Came all we have of good in this low earth. Thou canst not envy any; since to Thee Nothing is like, nor any higher skilled ; Tor Thou, All Good, of Thine own thought didst think, And then that thought didst work. Before Thee none Was born, to make or unmake anything, > Cott. hip. THE METBES OF BOETniUS. 309 fopJ)»m fu eal goob. anej- jefeahte. fine)- jef ohcefC anb hi ])a pophceft;. nas)- Bspoji fe.^ aeneju jej-ceapt. fe auht oSSe nauhc. aujjep pophce. Ac ])u butan byjne. lapejo moncynnep sel Belmihci5 Eob. call jepophceft. Jimj feaple 500b. eapc Jie pelpa. faec hehj'Ce 500b. Pp»c fu halij psebep. sepcep ])muni pillan. populb gepceope. fij-ne mibban geapb. meahcum pinum. ^eopaba Dpihten. ]-pa J)u polbepc. pelp. anb mib pmum piUan. pealbepc eallep. popjiasm Jiu pofia Eob. pelpa bBelepc. jooba seghpilc. popjjsem J>u geapa sep. ealle^ jepceapca. sepepc gepceope. ppiSe gelice. pumep hpsefpe feah. unjelice. nembepc eall ppa feah. mib ane noman. ealle cojsebepe. fopalb unbep polcnum. Ppsec fu pulbpep Eob. fone anne naman. epc cobaelbep. 1 Cott. nsej- But Thou witliout a model madest all, Lord God of men, Almighty, very good. Being Thyself of all the highest good! Thou, Holy Father, Thou, the Lord of Hosts, After Thy will, and by Thy power alone, The world, this midway gar- den, didst create ; And by Thy will, as now Thy wisdom would, "Wieldest it all ! For Thou, O God of truth. Long time of old didst deal out all good things. Making thy creatures mainly well alike, Tet not alike in all ways ; and didst name "With one name all together all things here, " The Worldundertheclouds." Yet, God of glory, That one name, Father, Thou didst turn to four : The first this Earth-field ; and the second water ; Shares of the world : third fire, and fourth,. air: This is again the whole world all together. apopfie. 2 Cott. ealla. 310 THE METEES OP BOETHITTS. psebeji on peopeji. paej- fapa polbe an. anb paeceji opep. popul&e baslep. anb pyji ip ppr&fee. anb f eopep'8e lypc f aec If eail peopulb. epc cogse&epe. pabbaS peah fa peopep. ppum-pCol hiopa. sftghpilc hiopa. ajenne ptebe. Jieah anpa hpilc. piS ojiep pie. miclum jemenjeb. anb mib msejne eac. p»bep aslmihtjgep. paepre jebunben. gepblice. popCe cogsabepe. mib bebobe fine, bilepit psebep. faec te lieopa asnij. ofpep ne boppCe. meapc opepjanjan. pop mecobep eje. ac geSpeopob pmc. fegnap tojsebepe. eynmgep cempan. cele piS haeto. p»c pi? bpyjum. pmnaS hpaejipe. • psecep ;] eopSe. paeptmap bpenja^. fa pint on gecynbe. cealba ba cpa. psetep paac ^ cealb. panjap ymbe-licjaS. eopSe sel jpeno. eac hpsefpe cealb lypC. ip gemenjeb. Yet have these four each one his stead and stool, Each hath its place; though much with other mixt ; Past by Thy might, Almighty Eather, bound, Biding at peace, and softly well together, By Thy behest, kind Father ! so that none Durst overstep its mark, for fear of Thee, But willing tlianes and war- riors of their king Lire well together, howsoever strive The wet with dry, the chilly with the hot. Water and Earth, both cold in kind, breed fruits : Water lies wet and cold around the field. With the green earth is min- gled the cold air. Dwelling in middle place: it is no wonder That it be warm and cold, blent by the winds. This wide wet tier of clouds ; for, in my judgment. Air hath a midway place, 'twixt earth and fire, AH know that fire is uppermost of all THE METEES OF BOETHITTS. 311 popjiaam hio on mibbum punatS ni]- f nan punbop. faet hio pe peapm ■] cealb. pset polcnep ciep. pmbe geblonben. popfaem hio ij- on mible. mine jefpsftje. pypep ■] eopfan. Fela monna pac. JiBeC Ce yfemepc ij% eaJlpa jefceapca. pyp Ofep eopjian. polbe neofemep;. If Jjsec punboplic. j7epoba Dpihcen. yxt fu mib jepeahce. fmum pypcepc. f sec ]m f aem jefceaptum. j-pa gepceablice. meapce jepectept. anb hi ne mengbepC eac. Ppaac J)u fsBm paectepe. paetum ^ cealbum. polban CO plope. psftfCe gepeccepc. popfsem hiC unpCille. aejhpibep polbe. pibe copcpipan. pac anb hnepce. ne meahce hic on him pelpm, po8 ic jeape pac. asppe gepcanban. ac hiC pio eopSe. hilc -J ppelgeS eac. be pumum bsele. psec hio piSfan maeS. pop f aem pype peopf an. gelehc lypcum. popjjsem leap -J jaepp. bpaeb jeonb Bpecene. blope^ ^ SpopeS. Over this earth, and ground is nethermost. Tet is this wonderful, O Lord of Hosts, Which by thy thought thou workest, that distinctly Thou to Thy creatures settest mark and bound And dost not mingle them : the wet cold water Thou fixesfc it the fast earth for a floor ; For that itself, unstill, and weak, and soft Alone would widely wander everywhere, Nor, well I wot it sooth, could ever stand. But the earth holds and swills it in some sort, That through such sipping it may afterward Moisten the aery -lift: then leaves and grass Tond o'er the breadtli of Bri- tain blow and grow, Its praise of old. The cold earth bringeth fruits More marvellously forth, when it is thawed And wetted by the water : . if not so, Then were it dried to dust, and driven away 312 THK IIETEES or BOETHITTS. elbum CO ape. GojiSe ]-io cealbe. bpenj'S psef cma yela. punbophcpa. fopfsem hio mib faem paetepe. peopfaS gefapeneb. jif "p naepe. fonne hio psepe. popbpujob CO bupce. anb cobpipen pi^]/an. ' pibe mib pinbe. ppa nu peopfaS opc. axe gionb eopjian. eall coblapen. Ne meahce on fsepe eopfan. apuhc libban. ne pubce pon ma. psecpep bpucan. oneapbian. senige cpsepCe. pop cele anum. 51P ]>u cynmj enjla. piS pype hpaec-hpuju. polban ^ lagu-ppeam. ne mengbepc cogsebepe. anb jemecjobepc. cele ■] haeco. cpaepce fine, faec f pyp ne msej. polban ^ mepe-pcpeiam. blaCe popbaepnan. feah hic pit5 ba Cpa pie. psepce jepegeb. paebep ealb gepeopc. ne fincS me f punbup. puhce fe Iseppe. fsec flop eopSe mx^. anb ejop-pcpeam. ppa cealb gepceapc. cpsepca nane. eallep abpsepcan. Wide by the winds ; as often ashes now Over the earth are blown : nor might on earth Aught live, nor any wight by any craft Brook the cold water, neither dwell therein, If Thou, King of Angels, otherwhile Mingledst not soil and stream with fire together ; And didst not craft- wise mete out cold and heat So that the fire may never fiercely burn Earth and the sea -stream, though fast linked with both, The Tather'swork of old. Nor is, methinks, This wonder aught the less, that earth and sea Cold creatures both, can by no skill put out The fire that in them sticks, fix'd by the Lord. Such is the proper use of the salt seas Of earth and water and the welkin eke. And even of the upper skies above. There, is of right the primal place of fire ; THE METEES OF BOEXHirS. 313 jjsec f liim on innan j-cica'S. jryjiej- Sefegeb. mib fpean cpsepce. paec ij- agen cpaept. eajop-j-cpeame]'. paecpey -} eopfan. anb on polcnum eac. anb epne j-pa fame. uppe ofep pobepe. Donne ij- ]>se]- pypej-. fpum-j-col on pihc. eapb ofep eallum. oSpum jej'ceafCum. Sepepenlicum. geonb fij-ne j-iban jpunb. feah hic piS ealle^ pe. ept jemenseb. peopulb-jej-ceapca. feah palban ne moC. jjSBC hit semje. eallunja popbo. bucon ])»p leape. fe up Jiip lip ciobe. ])sec ip pe eca. anb pe aelmihcija. eop^e ip hepigpe. oSpum jepceapcum. ])icpe jejjpuen. popfsem hio fpaje pcob. eajpa gepceapca. unbep nifemsepc. bucon Tjissm pobepe. fe fap puman jepceapC. sejhpylce baeje. utan ymhpyppeS. anb peah Jisejie eopjian. aeppe ne o^jime^. ne hipe on nanpe ne mot. neap fonne on otSpe. pcope gepcaeppan. Its birthright over all things else we see Throughout the varied deep, though mixt with all Things of this world, it cannot over one Else to such height as to de- stroy it quite ; But by His leave who shaped out life to us The Ever-living, and Almighty One. Earth is more heavy and more thickly pack'd Than other things ; for that it long hath stood Of all the nethermost : saving the sky Which daily wafteth round this roomy world, Tet never whirleth it away, nor can Get nearer anywhere than everywhere. Striking it round-about, above, below, "With even nearness whereso- e'er it be. Each creature that we speak of hath his place Own and asunder, yet is mixt with all. No one of them may be with- out the rest, 1 Cott. ealla. 3U THE METRES OF BOETHIUS. ]-Cpicet5 ymbutan. up ane •] neofane. ej:en neah jehpasfep, aejhpilc gefceapc. ])e pe ymb j^jiecaS. haefS hij- ajenne. eapb on pinbpan. bi^ feah piS p»m oSpum. eac gemenjeb. Ne msej hipa aenij. bucan oSpum bion. feah hi unppeocole. pomob eapbien. ppa nu eopSe ^ paetep. eappoS taecne. unpippa jehpaem. puniaS on pype. feah hi pmc an. ppeotole faem pipum. Ip 'p pyp ppa pame. paapc pn fsem pajcpe. anb on j'Canum eac. pCille jehebeb. eappolS hape ip. hpxpjie psep hapatS.. psebep enjla. pyp jebunben. epne Co f on psepte. fEec hit piolan ne msej. epc sec hip etSle. Jiasp f opep pyp. Tip opep eall J>ip. eapb paepc punaS. pona hiC poplseCeiS. fap laenan gepceapC. mib cele opepcumen. gic hic on c^6e jepiC. anb f eah puhca gehpilc. pilnaiS fibep-peapb. f Sep hip maejSe bitS. maepc secgeebpe. Though dwelling all together mixed ly : As now the earth and water dwell in fire, A thing to the unlearned hard to teach, But to the wise right clear: and in same sort Fire is fast fixt in water, and in stones StiU hidden away and fixt, though hard to find. Tet thitherward the Father of angels hath So fastly bound up fire, that it may Never again get back to its own home Where over all this earth sure dwells the fire. Soon would it leave this lean world, overcome Of cold, if to its kith on high it went ; Tet everything is yearning thitherward Where its own kinaeni anlicofC. fe on aeje hiS. gioleca on mibban. jlibeS hpaafpe. aa5 ymbutan. j-pa ]-tenc eall peopulb. j^ille on tille. j-Cpeamaj- ymbutan. iagu-ploba jelac. lypte -J tunjla. anb po j-cipe pcell. pcpife^ ymbutan. &o5opa getpilce. bybe lange ppa. PpaBt f u pioba Cob. fpiepalbe on up. paple ^epettept. anb hi piSpan eac. ptypept anb tihtept. Jjuph J>a ptpongan meaht ]786C hipe fy Iseppe. on faem lytlan ne biS, anum pinjpe. f e hipe on eallum bi'S. - faem lichoman. Heeleth not over, nor can stronger lean Hither or thither, than it ever did. Since nothing earthly holds it, to this globe 'Twere easy up or down to fall aside, Likest to this, tbat in an egg the yolk Bides in the middle, though the egg glides round. So all the world still standeth on its stead Among the streams, the meet- ing of the floods: The lift and stars and the clear shell of heaven Sail daily round it, as they long have done. Moreover, God of people, Thou hast set A threefold soul in us, and afterward Stirrest and quick'nest it with Thy strong might So that there bideth not the less thereof In a little finger than in all the body. Therefore a little before I clearly said That the soul is a threefold workmanship- 816 THE METRES OP BOETHirS. fop])8em ic lycle »p. rpeotole paabe. Jjset po j-apl paepe. fpiepalb gepceafC. fejna ^elipilcej-. popfaem uSpitan. ealle pe^gatS. f sec te an jecynb. sftlcpe paule. yppung paepe.^ ofep pilnunj. ip )'jo Jipibbe jecynb. fsem cpsem becepe. pio jepceabpipnep. Nip f pcanblic cpsepc. popfaem liic nsenig hapaS. neac bucon monnum. hsepS pa ofpa cpa. unpim pubca. hseptS fa pilnunja. pel bpilc necen. anb fa yppunga. eac ppa pelpe. popjiy men habbaetS. jeonb mibban jeapb. eopS-gepceapCa. eaile^ opepfungen. popfaem fe hi habbatS. Jjsep fe hi nabbat5. fone senne cpsepc. ])e pe aep nembon. 810 jepceabpipnep. pceal on jehpelcum, f sepe pibiunje. palban penile. anb ippunje. eac ppa pelpe. hio pceal mib jefeahce. fejnep mobe. mib anbgice. In every man: because the wise all say That ire is one whole part in every soul ; Another, lust ; another and the third Par better than these twain, wise-mindedness : This is no song-craft ; for only man • Hath this, and not the cattle : the other two Things out of number have as well as we ; Por ire and lust each beast hath of itself. Therefore have men, through- out this middle-sphere Surpassed Earth's creatures all ; for that they have What these have not, the one good craft we named. Wise - mindedness in each should govern lust And ire, and its own self; in every man With thought and understand- ing ruling him. This is the mightiest mainstay . of man's soul, The one best mark to sunder it from beasts. Thou mighty King of peoples, glorious Lord, • Cott. yppungejie. ' Cott. ealla. THE METBES OP BOETHITJS. 317 eaUef palban. hio I)- f msftj-te mse^^n. monnej- j-aule. anb j-e j-elepta. j-unboji cpsefCa. Ppaec fu fa j-aule. pijopa palbenb. f eoba Jijiym-cyninj. ]>wf jej-ceope. faec hio hpeapfobe. on hipe felppe. tipe utan ymb. j-pa ppa eal betS. pme rpipCe pobop. pecene ymbpcpif eS. bogopa gehpilce. Dpihcnep meahtum. fipne mibban geapb. Spa beS monnep paul. hpeole jelicopc. hpseppetS ymbe hy pelpe. ope pmeagenbe. ymb fap eopSbcan. Dpihcnep gepceapca. bajuiii "2 nihcum. hpilum hi pelpe. pecenbe pmeaS. hpilum epc pmeatS. ■ymb pone ecan liob. pceppenb hipe. pcpipenbe psepS. hpeole jelicopc. hpe&pp^ ymb hi pelpe. ponne hio ymb hipe pcyppenb mib gepceab pmeatS. hio bits upahsepen. opep hi pelpe. ac hio bits eallunga. an hipe pelppe. ponne hio ymb hi pelpe. pecenbe )-meaS. Didst fashion thus the soul, that it should turn Itself around itself, as in swift race Doth all the firmament, which quickly twirls Every day around this middle- sphere, By the Lord's might : so doth the soul of man Likest a wheel whirl touud about itself, Oft-times keen searching out by day and night About these earthly creatures of the Lord : Somewhile herself she probes with prying eye : Somewhile again she asks about her God, The Ever One, her Maker; going round Likest a wheel, whirling around herself. When she about her Maker heedful asks. She is upheaved above her lower self: She altogether in herself abides "When, seeking round, she pries about hei'self : But furthest falls beneath her- self, when she ■ With love and wonder search- eth out this earth 318 THE METEES OE EOBTHIUS. hio biS )-piSe pop. hipe j-elfpe beneofan. fonne hio ])sep laenan. lupaS ■] punfapatS. eopSlicu fmj. Ofep ecne pseb. ppaet fu ece Cob. eapb popjeafe. )-aulum on heofonum. pelepc peopSlica. jmfsepta jipa. Eob selmihcig. be ge eapnunja. anpa jehpelcpe. ealle hi rcmatS, fupli Jia pcipan neahc. habpe on heofenum, na hpsefpe feah. ealle efenbeoptte. Ppset pe opc jepiotS. babpum nihcum. fKt ce heopon-pteoppan. eaUe epenbeophte. aeppe ne pcmaS. ppset J)u ece Dob. eac jemenjepfc. fa lieoponcunban. hifep piS eopfan, paula piS lice. piSfan puniaS. fi)' eoptSbce. anb f ece pamob. paul m flsepce. Ppset hi pimle to pe, hiona'^ punbia^. popfeem hi hibep op fe. aepop comon. pculon epC to f e. . pceal pe lichama. lapt peapbigan. With its lean lusts, above the lore for ever! Tea, more ; Tliou, Ever Good, to souls in heaven Givest an heritage, Ahnighty God, And -vcorthiest lasting gifts, as each hath earned. They, through the moonlit night, shine calm in heaven, Yet are not all of even bright- ness there. So oft we see the stars of heaven by night. They shine not ever all of even brightness. Moreover, Ever Good, Thou miuglest here Heavenly things with earthly, soul with flesh : Afterwards soul and flesh both live together. Earthly with heavenly : ever hence they strive Upward to Thee, because they came from Thee, And yet again they all shall go to Thee ! This living body yet once more on eartli Shall keep its ward, for-that it theretofore "Wax'd in the world: they idwelt (this body and soul) ' Cott. hi on. THE METRES OS B0ETHIU3. 319 epfc on eopjian. fopfasm he seji op hipe. peox on peopulbe. punefaon sec j-omne. epen ppa lanje. ]'pa him lypeb p»)-. ppom ps&m selmihcigan, Jie hi sepop 510. jej'omnabe. ]j8bC ip )-o8 cynmj. pe pap polban jepceop. anb hi jepylbe fa. ppiSe miplicum. mine jeppseje. neata cynnum. nepjenb uj-ep. he hi piSfan apiop. paeba monegum. puba ^ pypca. peopulbe pceacum. popjip nu ece Eob. upum mobum. Jjsec hi mocen Co fe. mecob alpuhca. fuph'- f ap eappofu. up apcijan. anb op Jiipum bypejum. bilepiE paebep. ]>eoba palbenb. CO ]je cuman. anb ponne mib openum. eajum mocen. mobep upep. J>uph finpa msegna ppeb. sepelm jepion. eallpa gooba. f sec pu eapc pelpa. pige Dpihcen Eob. ge fa eagan hal. upep mobep. So long together as to them gave leave The Almighty, who had made them one before, That is in sooth the King! ■who made this world. And fiU'd it mixedly with kinds of cattle, Our Saviour and near Helper, as I trow. Thence He with many seeds of woods and worts Stock'd it in all the comers of the world. Forgive now. Ever Go'od, and give to us That in our minds we may up- soar to thee. Maker of all things, through these troublous ways ; And from amidst these busy things of life, tender Father, "Wielder of the world. Come unto Thee, and then through Thy good speed "With the mind's eyes well opened we may see The welling spring of Good, that Good, Thyself, Lord, the God of Glory !— Then make whole The eyes of our understand- ings, so that we. Cott. J>iipS- 320 THE METEES OF BOETHItTS. fsec pe hi on fe j-elpwn. ptSf an moten. apaaj-cnian.^ psebep enjla. cobjiip ]jone f iccan mipc. J>e fpaje nu. piS fa eajan popan. uppep mobep. hanjobe hpyle. liepiS 3 fypcjie. Onlihc nu fa eajan. uppep mobep. mib pmum leohce. lipep palbenb. popf sem fu eapc pio biphcu. bilepic paebep. pofep leohcep. anb f u pelpa eapc. pio paepte paept. paibep selmihcij. eallpa poSpasptpa. Ppsec f u popce jebepc. f aec hi ]>e pelpne. jepion mocen. Du eapc eallpa finga. feoba palbenb. ppuma -J enbe. ppKC fu paebep en^la. eall fins bipepc. efelice. buton geppmce. Du eapc pelpa peg. anb lacceop eac. Lpjenbpa jehpsep. anb pio phage pcop. fe pe peg Co ligS. pe ealle Co. a punbia8.^ men op molban. on fa msepan gepceapc. ' Cott. 8ej:ae)-ciiiaii. Father of angels, fasten them on Thee ! Drive away this thick mist, which long while now Hath hung before our mind's eyes, heavy and dark. Enlighten now these mind's eyes with Thy light, Master of life ; for Thou, tender Father, Art very brightness of true light Thyself; Thyself, Almighty Father, the sure rest Of all thy fast and true ones ; winningly Thou orderest it that they may see Thyself! Thou art of all things origin and end, Lord of all men ; Father of angels, Thou Easily bearest all things with- out toil, Thou art Thyself the way, and leader too, Of every one that lives, and the pure place That the way leads to : all men from this soil Throughout the breadth of being, yearn to Thee. ' Cott. afunbia^. THE METEES OF BOETHIITS. 321 METEUM XXI.° fel la monna beapn. 5eonb mibban jeapfa. fpiopa sejhpilc. punbie to fsem. ecum jobe. ]>e pe ymb j-ppeca8. anb CO fsem gefaelfum. fe pe jecgaS ymb. Se ])e fonne nu pe. neappe jehepceb. mib )»i]"j'ep maepan. mibban geapbej-. unnyccpe lupe. yece him epc hpaeSe." pulne ppiobom. Jiasc he fopS cume. CO fsem jej-aelfum. paula psebej-. fopjisem f ly pio ana^ P^T^- eallpa gej-pmca. hyhchcu hyS. heaum ceolum. mobep Tirj'ep. mepe j-mylca pic. Jjsec 1]- po ana^ hyS. fe aeppe bitS. aepcep J>am ypum. up a jeppinca. ypCa jehpelcpe. ealnij pmylce. faec ip pio ppiS-pCop. anb pio ppopop ana.^ eallpa ypminja. aepcep fippum. peopulb-jeppmcum. f »C ip pynpum pcop. sepcep fippum ypmfum. METEE XXI. OF INWAUD LIOHT. Well, — ye children of men in mid-earth ! Every freeman should seek till he find That, which I spake of, good endless in worth ; These, which I sing of, the joys of the mind. Let him who is narrow'd and prison'd away By love of this mid-earth empty and vain, Seek out for himself full free- dom to-day. That soul -feeding joys he may quickly attain. For, such of all toil is the only one goal, Eor sea-weary keels hythe- haven from woes, The great quiet dwelling that harbours the soul, Still calm in the storm, and from strife a repose. That is the peace-place, and comfort alone Of all that are harmed by the troubles of life, A place very pleasant and win- some to own. After this turmoil of sorrow and strife. Boet. lib. iii. metrum 10. — Hue omnes pariter venite capti, &c. 1 Cott. an. X 322 THE HETEES Or BOETHirS. Co ajanne. Ac ic geopne pac. f sec ce jylben maSm. jyloppen pnc. fcan-]-eajio gimma nan. mi&benjeajibej- pela. mobep eajan. sappe ne onlyhcaS. auhc ne jebecaS. Jiiojia pceappnepj'e. CO faepe pceapunja. pot5pa gepaelfa. ac hi ppi^op jec. monna gehpdeep. mo&ep eajan. ablenbatS on bpeopCum. Jionne hi hi beophcpan gebon. popfaem ae^hpilc fmg. ])e on Tpij anbpeapban. lipe hcaS. Isenu pmbon. eopiShcu fimg. a pleon&iu. ac f ip punbophc. phce anb beophcnep. Jie puhca gehpsep, phce jebephceS. anb aepcep Jisem. eallum palbetS. Nele pe palbenb. fsec poppeopfan pcylen. paula uppe. ac he hi pelpa pile, leoman onlihcan. hpep palbenb. Dip fonne haelefa hpilc. hlucpum eajuni, mobep pinep maeg. seppe oppion. hioponep leohcep. hlucpe beophco. But right-well I wot that no treasure of gold Nor borders of gem-stones, nor silvery store, Nor all of earth's wealth the mind's sight can unfold, Or better its sharpness true joys to explore : But rather, make blind in the breast of each man Tiie eyes of his mind than make ever more bright, For, sorry and fleeting aa fad; as they can Are all who in this flitting earth can delight. Tet wondrous the beauty and brightness is seen Of that which hath bright- en' d and beautified all So long as on this middle-'earth they have been, And afterward happily holds them in thrall. Por the Euler He wills not the soul should be nought, Himself will enlighten it, Lord of life given ! If any man then with the eyes of his thought May see the clear brightness of light from high heaven, THE METEES 01? BOETHITTS. 323 fonne pile lie fecjan. f set jjsepe j-unnan jie. beojihtnfc]- fioptpo. beopna jehpylcum. to nietanne. pits f micle leohc. Ijobep selmihtijep. jjset I]- gaj-ta gehpsem. ece bucan enbe. eabejum paulum. METEUM XXII.^ Se fe asptep jiilite. mib jejiece. piUe mpeapblice. septep )-pypian. ppa beoplice. })»t hit tobpipan ne maeg. monna aenig. ne ameppan liupu. Kiiij eopSlic pmcj. lie aepejc pceal. pecan on him pelpum. JiEes lie pume hpile. ymbutan hme. sepop pohce. pece feet pit5])an. on hip pepan innan. anb poplsete an. ppa he optopc ms&ge. selcne^ ymbhojan. fy him unnec pie. anb gepamnige. ppa he ppifopc msege. eaUe to fsem anum. hip mjejionc. jepecge hip mob. |;set hit msaj pnban. eall on him mnan. w Boet. lib. iii. metrum 11 Then will he say that the blaze of the sun Is darkness itself to the glory so bright Wbich Great God Almighty shines out on each one Of souls of the' happy for ever in light. METRE XXII. OF THE INB"EE MIlfD AKD THE OTJTEE SIS'. The man that after right with care Will inwardly and deeply dive, So that no earthly thing may scare, Nor him from such good- seeking drive, Pirst in himself he shall find out That which beyond he some- while sought, "Within his mind must search about. And leave behind each trou- blous thought,; This at the soonest, as he may, Such care were harm to him and sin. Then let him haste and hie away To this alone, his mind within. -Quisquis profunda mente veatigat veriim, &c. ' Cott. selcpe. t2 324 THE METRES OF BOBTHITTS. faec hit Oftoj-C nu. ymbutan hit. ealnej j-ecetS. 5ooba »5hpylc. he ongic ]-iSf an. ypel 3 mmec. eal f he haejibe. on hij- mcopan. sepop lanje. ejrne )-pa ]'peoCole. fpa he on fa punnan maej. eajum anbpeapbum. onlocian. anb hi eac onjit. hij- mgefonc. leohcpe ^ bephcpe. ])onne pe leoma pie. punnan on pumepa. ponne ppeslep 51m. habop heofon-cunjol. hlutpopt pcmeS. f op})»m fsep hchoman. leahcpap ~} hepijnep. anb fa unpeapap. eallunja ne majon. op mobe acion. monna aene^um. pihcpipneppe. Deah nu pmca hpsem. fsep lichoman. leahcpap ~) hepijnep. anb unjjeapap. opC bypijen. monna mob-pepan. msepc anb ppifoj-c. mib faepe yplan. opopjiocolnepj-e."^ mib gebpol-mipce. bpeopijne j-epan. popCiS mob popan. ' Cott. Say to his mind, that it may find What oftest now it seeks around All ia, and to itself assign'd Every good that can be found : He then will see that all be had, In his mind's chamber thought and done, Was evil long afore and bad, Clearly as he can see tiie sun: But his own mind he shall see there Lighter and brighter than the ray Of heaven's star, the gem of air. The sun in- clearest summer day. Por that the body's lusts and crimes. And all its heaviness in kind. Utterly may not any times Wipe out right wisdom from man's mind : Though now iu every man such wrong, Those lusts and crimes and fleshly weight, Worry the mind both loud and strong, And make it half forget its state. opopsioeolneppe. THE MJETEES 01' BOETHI0S. 325 monna jehpelcep fsec hic ]pa beophce ne mot bhcan anb' j-cman. ]-pa hit polbe gip. hit jepealb ahte. feah. biS pum copn. paebep gehealben. pymle on Jisape paule. poSpsaptneppe. fenben jabeptans punaS. gapt on hce. f Sep psebe)' copn. biS pimle apeaht. mib apcunja. eac piSfan. niib goobpe lape. jip hit jpopan pceal. l?u masj Kni5 man. anbppape pmban. pinja senigep. Jjejen mib gepceabe. jjeah hme jimca hpilc. . jiihcpiphce. aeptep ppijne. gip he apuht napa^. on hip mob-pepan. myclep ne lyclep. pihtpi)neppep. ne jejiabpcipep. nip feah senij man. f set te eallep ppa. fasp gepabpcipep. ppa bepeapob pie. f set he anbppape. senige ne cunne. pmban on pephSe. gip he ppugnen biS. popfsem hit ip piht ppell. fast up peahte 510. ealb utJpita. And though the mist of lies may shade Man's dreary thought that it be dull, And be no more so bright arrayed An if 'twere pure and pow- erful, Tet always is some seed-corn held Of sturdy truth within the soul, While flesh and ghost together weld, And make one fixt and ga- ther'd whole. This seed-corn waxes ever- more. By much asking quickened so. As well as by good wholesome lore, That it quickly learns to grow. How may a man right answer find To anything ask'd well and fit. Unless he keenly store his mind That it have much or little wit? Yet is there no man so be- reaved Of knowledge, that he can- not bring [ceived Some answer well to be re- If he be ask'd of anything. Cott. an. 326 THE METEES OE BOETHIUa. wpe Placon. he cpseS f te Eeghpile. unjemynbij. jiihcpi)ne]-j-e. hine hpeeSe j-ceolbe. ep jepenban. into pnum. mobej- gemynbe. he msej piSpan. on hi]' pun-cojian. pihcpij-nejje. pmban on pephte. f septe jehybbe. mib gebpKp.eije. bogopa ^ehpilce. mobep pmep. msepc -) ppipopc. anb mjb hepmejje. hip hchoman. anb mib ]iaem bipjunn. Tpe on bpeoptum pcype'6. mon on mobe. msela gehpylce. METSUM XXIII.^ 81 e 'p la on eopfan. selcep Jiingej'. jepeehs mon. gip he jepion mse'^e. fone hlucpepcan. heopon-cophcan jcpeam. Eefelne aspelm. aslce]' joobe]-. anb op him pelpum. fone ppeaptan mipc. mobep fiopcpo. mseg apeoppan. pe pculon feah gica. mib Eobep p ylpce. ealbum -} leaj-um. ^ Boct. lib. iii. metrum "Wherefore it is a spell of right Which our own Plato, long of old, That ancient wise and worthy wight, To all of us most truly told ; He said, that each who wisdom sought, Eorgetful, shoiild to memory turn, And in the coffer of his thought Eight-wisdom hidden would discern, Through all the drift of trouble there, And all this body's heavy clay. And busy toil, and daily care, Which stir the breasts of men alway. METEE XXIII. TETJE HAPPINESS. Look ! for ou earth a happy man In everything is he, Who Heaven's shining river can Good's high - born well- spring see ; And of himself may scatter back Hi s mind's own mist of swarthy black. By God's good help, we will as yet 12,— Felix qui potuit Ijoni, &o. THE METEES Or BOETHITJS. 327 finne mjefonc. betan bij-pellum. fasc ])u }>e bee mseje. ajiebian to pobopum. jiilite jTige. on Jjone ecan eapb. uj-j-a j-aula. METETJM XXIV.y Ic hsebbe f iSpu. fujle ]-piftpan. mib Jisem ic fleogan mseg. feop fpam eopfan. ojep heane hjiop. heoponej- pifpej-. ac f Sep ic nu mojte.. mob gepeSpan. pmne fepS-locan. pe'Spum mmum. ot5f sec J)u meabce. fipne'mibban jeapb. aelc eopt5bc fmg. eallunja poppion. GDeaheep opep pobopum. jepedice. peSepum lacan.^ peop up opep. polcnu pmban. phtan pi^fan upan. opep ealle. CDeahcep eac papan. opep fsem pype. Jie pela jeapa pop. lanje becpeox. lypce ■] pobepe. ppa him sec ppymSe. paebep geciobe. Du meahcepc ]>e pi^pan. mib fsepe punnan. y Boet. lib. iv. metrum 1. — Sunt etenim pennse volucres milii, &c. ' Cott. onlacan. With spells of olden leaven Inform thy mind that thou mayst get To read the way to h eaven ; The right way to that liappy shore [more. Our soul's own country ever- METEE XXIT. THE SOtrii'S HEEITAGE. I have wings like a bird, and more swiftly can fly Far over this earth to the roof of the sky, And now must I feather thy fancies, O mind, To leave the mid-earth and its earthlings behind. Stretch'd over the heavens, thou mayst with thy wings Sport in the clouds and look down on all things. Tea, far above fire, that lieth betwixt The air and the sky, as the Father hath mixt. Thence with the sun to the stars thou shalt fly. Thereafter full quickly to float through the sky. 328 THE METEES OE BOBTHITJS. papan becpeox. oppum tunglum. GOeahcej-C ye pull pecen. on ])£Bm pobepe upan. piSpan peojifan. anb fonne pamcenjep. aec pasm ssl-cealban. anum pceoppan. pe ypmej-c ip. eaUpa Cungla. pone Sacupnup. punb-buenbe hataS. unbep heoponum. he ip pe cealba. eall ipij cunjel. ypemepc panbpaS. opep eaUum upan. oppum pteoppum. Si8pan pu pone, pone upahapapc. popS opep-papenne. pu meahc peoppian. ponne bipt pu piSpan. pona opep uppan. pobepe pyne ppipcum. jip pu pihc paepepc. pu^ pone hehpCan heopon. behmban IseCpc. Donne meahc pu pi^pa. popep leohcep. habban pinne bael. ponan an cyninj. pume picpaS. opep pobepum up. anb unbep ppa pame. eaUpa jepceapca. peopulbe palbeS. DaeC ip pip cynmj. past ip pe pe palbeS. jionb pep-pioba. To the lonely cold planet, which sea-dwellers call Saturn, in heaven the highest of all. He is the icy cold star in the highest Thatwandera the furthest, and yet as thou fliest Higher, and further, and up shalt thou rise, Tea, to the top of the swift rushing skies ! If thou goest rightly, e'en these shalt thou leave : And then of the true light thy share shalt receive. Where up over heaven, the Only King reigns. And under it all the world's being sustains. This is the Wise King, this is He who is found To rule o'er the kings of all peoples around ; With his bridle hath bitted the heaven and earth. And guides the swift wain by His might driven forth. He is the One Judge un- swervingly right. Unchanging in power, and un- sullied in light ; ' Cott. J>e. THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. 329 ealpa ofpa. eopfan cyninja. )'6 inib hi]- bpible. ymbe baeteb hae];^. ymbhpypfC ealne. eopjjan ■] heoponep. Pe hi)- gepalb-lefep. pel jemecgaS. fe pcopeS a. fuph pa pcpongan meahc. paem hpsebpsene. heo]:onep anb eopfan. pe an bema jp. SepC8e«})i5. unanpenbenblic. plicij -J maepe. Elf Jju pypFpc on. pege pihcum. up to J>Km eapbe. ])8ec If Kfele pcop. jeah pu hi nu geca. popgicen bsebbe. , gip pu sepjie. epc p»p an cymepc. Jjonne pile Jiu pecgan. anb pona cpepan. fip ip eaUunga. mm agen cyS. eapb anb epel. ic psep Sep hionan. cumen ~j acenneb. fuph fippep cpaepcgan meahc. nyUe ic seppe hionan. uc pitan. ac ic j-ymle hep. popce piUe. mib psebep pillan. psepce pconban. Irip f 6 fonne ssppe. epc gepeoppe^. f sec fu pile o^Se mope. When to His dwelling-place back thou dost roam, However forgotten, it still is thy home. If ever again thou shalt thither- ward go, Soon wilt thou any, and be sure it is so, " This is mine own country in every way, The earth of my birth, and my heirdom for aye : " Hence was I born, and came ibrth in my time, Thi'ough the might 'of my Maker, the Artist sublime, Nor will I go out evermore but stand fast. At the will of my Father, come hither at last." And if it should aye be again that thou wilt Come back to the world in its darkness and guilt, Thou shalt easily see of these kings and these proud Who worst have down-trodden this woe-ridden crowd, 330 THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. peojiolbe fiofCpo. epc panfaian. fu meahc eatSe gej-ion. unpihcpij-e. eopfan cyninjaj-. anb fa opepmofaan. o])pe pican. J>e pi]- pepige pole. pyppc cucia'S. Jjsec he pymle bioS. ppiSe eapme. mimelitije. »lcep fmjep. emne fa ilcan. ]?e fip eapme pole. pume hpile nu. ppipopc onbpsebeS. That they too are wretched and vrofuUy poor, Unmigh'ty to do anything any more, These, ay even these, beneath whose dread yoke Now somewhile are trembling this woe-ridden folk. METETJM XXY/ Eehep nu an ppell. be fam opepmobum. unpihtpipum. eopfan cynmjum. fa hep nu mane^um. anb miplicum. psebum plice-beophtum. punbpum pcma'S. on heah-peclum. hpope getenge. jolbe jejepebe. anb gimcynnum. utan ymbe pCanbne. mib unpime. fejna -j eopla. fa bio? jehyppte. mib hepe-jeacpum. hilbe cophcum. ppeojibum ■] petelum. ppifSe gejlenbe. " Boet. lib. iv. metrujn 2.- METEE XXV. OF ETIL KIHGS. Hear now a spell of the proud overbearing Kings of the earth, when unrighteous in mind r Wondrously bright though the robes they are wearing. High though the seats where their pomp is enshrined. Gold-clad and gemm'd,andwith hundreds round standing. Thanes and great earls with their chain and their sword, All of them chieftains in battle commanding, Each in his rank doing suit to his lord : — Qiios vides sedere celso, &c. THE METEES OE BOETHirS. 331 anb Jie^niaS. fpymme mycle. Bftlc ofjium. anb hi ealle him. f onan mib fy^ fpymme. jjpeacia^ jehpibep. ymb-]-ittenba. ojjpa feoba. anb ye Uafopb ne j-cpifS. Jie fsem hepe palbeS. pjieonbe ne jreonbe. peope ne »hcum. ac lie pejjig-mob. paejC on jehpilcne. peSe hunbe. puhta gelicopc. Bi6 to upahsepen. inne on mo be. pop pasm anpalbe. fe him anjia jehpilc. hip tip-pma. to pulcematS. Eip mon f onne polbe. him apmban op. Jjaep cyne-gepelan. clafa gehpilcne. anb him fonne option, fapa fejnunja. anb Tpxy anpalbep. pe he hep haspbe. fonne meaht fu gepion. |)8et he biS ppiSe gehc. pumum fapa juxnena. ]>e him geopnopt nu. mib Jjejnunjum. f pmjaS ymbe utan. gip he pyppa ne bi3. ne pene ic hip na betepan. Eip him ponne seppe. unmenbhnja. peap gebepebe. "While in sucli splendour each rules like a savage, Everywhere threatening the people with strife, So, this lord heeds not, but leaves them to ravage Friends for their riches, and foes for their life ! Ay, and himself, like a hound that is madden'd, Plies at and tears his poor people for sport. In his fierce mind too loftily gladden'd With the proud power his chieftains support. But, from his robea if a man should unvfind him, Sfcripp'd of such coverings _ kingly and gay. Drive all his following thanes from behind him, And let his glory be taken away; Then should ye see that he likens most truly Any of those who so slavishly throng Bound him with homage de- murely and duly, Neither more right than the rest, nor more wrong. ' Cott. J>a. 332 THE METEES OP BOETHIUS. fiaec him pujibe opcosen. fpymme]- 3 pseba. anb ]jegnun2a. anb jjaej* anpalbej'. pe pe ymbe j-ppeca^. jip him senij fapa. Ofhenbe pypS. ic pac f him finceS. faec he Jjonne pe. becpopen on capcepn. oSSe coShce. pacencan gepsepeb. Ic jepeccan msej. paec Of unjemete. selcep fmgej-. pifCe -} pasba. pin-5ebpincep. anb op j'pec-mecann ppifopc peaxaS. fsepe ppsenneppe. pob-ppaj micel. pio ppiSe gebpsapS. pepan mjehyjb. monna jehpelcep. fonan msepc cymeS. ypla opepmeCa. unnetca paca. Donne hi jeboljene'^ peoppaS. him pyp6 on bpeopcum nine. beppunjen pepa on hpeppe. mib f sam ppifan pelme. hat-heoptneppe. anb hpeSe pi8pan. unpoEneppe. eac gepeaepeS. heapbe jehsepceb. Pim piSf an onjinS. pum cohopa. ppiSe leojan. f Sep gepmnep ppaece. pilnaS f ippe. 1 Cott. If then to him it should chance in an hour, All his bright robes fi'otn his back be offstripped, All that we speak of, his pomp and his power, Glories unravel I'd and gar- ments unripp'd, — If these were shredded away, I am thinking, That it would seem to him surely as though He to a prison had crept, and was linking All that he had to the fetters of woe. Eightly I reckon that measure- less pleasure, Eating and drinldng, and sweetmeats and clothes. Breed the mad waxing of lust by bad leisure, Wrecking the mind where such wickedness grows : Thence cometh evil, and proud overbearing ; Quarrels and troubles arise from such sin. When in the breast hot-heart- ness is tearing With its fierce lashes the soul that's within. gebogene. THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. 333 anej- anb ofpej-. him f eall geliseC. hif pecelepc. pihtej- ne )-cpij:e8. le Tpe j-aebe a&p. on f ijje j-elfan bee. paeC jTimej- goobej-. pbpa jej-ceajica. anleppa selc. a piinobe. pop hi]- agenum. ealb-jecynbe unpihcpij-e. eopfan cyninjaj'. ne magon seppe fuphtion. apuhc joobep. pop ])8em yple. fe ic ]>e Sep paefee. Nip ■f nan punbop. popfsem hi piUaS hi. fBem un]5eapum. ])e ic fe aep nembe. anpa jehpelcum. a u»beppeoban. Sceal fonne nebe. neappe jebujan. CO f apa hlapopba. hsepce bome. Tpe he hme eallunja. aep unbepfiobbe. paec ip pypj-e gee. jiSBC he pmnan nyle. piS ]?sem anpalbe. semje pcunbe. jjsep he polbe &. pmnan onjmnan. anb fonne on fsem jepmne. Jjuphpunian pop8. fonne nsepbe he. nane pcylbe. Jieah he opeppunnen. peopfan pceolbe. Afterward, sorrow imprisons and chains him ; Then does he hope, but his hope is a lie : Thenagain,wrath against some- body pains him, Till he has recklessly doom'd him to die. In this same book before I was speaking, Everything living is wishing some good. But the bad kings of the earth, who are wreaking Nothing but ill, as is fitting they should. That is no wonder, for slaves very willing Are they to sins, — as I told thee before, — And to those lords whose chains they are filling, Straitly and strictly must bend evermore : This is yet worse, they will not be winning Standing-room even against such ill might ; Still, if they will, they struggle unsinning, Though they should seem overthrown in the fight. 834 THE METRES OE BOETHIUS. METEUM XXVI.» Ic ];e m»5 eaSe, ealbum ^ leajnim. j-pellum aubjieccan. j^jiasce jelicne.^ ejrne f ij-j-e ilcan. ])e piC ymbrppecaS. PiC gef8elfae jio. on jTime Cibe. fset Aulixej*. unbep-haepbe. fasm Eaj-epe. cyne-picu tpa. Pe psej- Dpacia. fioba albop. anb Recie. picej- hipbe. ys&y hij- fpea-bpihcnq-. folc-cut5 nama. Agamemnon. ]'e eallej- peolb. Epeca picep. JLaX psej- pibe. ])8et on ]?a Cibe. Tpioia gepm. peapS unbep polcnum. jrop pijep-heapb. Epeca bpihcen. camp-jceb pecan. Aulixep mib. an hunb pcipa. Isebbe opep lagu-ptpeam. paec longe f sep. cyn pmcep^ pull. Da' pio Cib gelomp. fast: hi f pice, gepaalic hsepbon. biope gecepce. METEE XXYI. OF CIECE AND HEE COilPANT. Prom old and leasing spells right easily Can I to thee tell out a tale like that Whereof we lately spake. — It chanced of yore That, on. a time, Ulysses held two kingdoms Under his Caesar: he was prince of Thrace, And ruled Neritia as its shep- herd king. His head -lord's folk -known name was Agamemnon, Who wielded all the greatness of the G-reeks. At that time did betide the Trojan war, Under the clouds well known : the warrior chief, Lord of the Greeks, went forth to seek the battle. Ulysses with him led an hun- dred ships Over the sea, and sat ten win- ters there. When the time happen'd that this Grecian lord With his brave peers had over- thrown that kingdom. " Boet. lib. iv. metrnm 3.— Vela Neritii ducis, &c. ' Cott. gehce. = Cott. jnnc. ' Cott. >e. THE METEES 01? BOETHITJS. 335 bpihcen Epeca. Tjioia buph.^ tium 5e)-i])uin. pa ])a^ Aulixe)-. leape hsepbe. Dpacia cyning.' ]7sefc he f onan mo)te. he lee him behmban. hypnbe ciolaj-. nijon ^ hunb nigonCij. naanige'' fonan. mepe-henjej-ta. ma ])onne a&nne. pepebe on pijiel )'Cpeam. pamij-bopbon. fpiepejipe ceol. paec biS f maej-Ce. Epeci]-cpa pcipa. fa peapS cealb pebep. pceapc-pcopma jelac. ptunebe pio bpune. y6 piS ofpe. uc peop abpap. on penbel-pae. pijenbpa pcola. up on "p ijlanb. paep Apollinep. bohtop punobe. b»5-pimep popn. psej- pe Apollinup. sefelep cynnep. lobep eapopa. pe psep jio cyning. pe hcetce. hclum •] miclum. gumena jehpylcum. })3ec he Eob^ paepe. hehpc ] haljope. Spa pe hlapopb fa. 1 Cott. bups. ' Cott. K s Cott. goob. The dear-bought burgh of Troy, — TJlysses then, The King of Thracia, when his lord gave leave That he might hie him thence, he left behind Of all his hom'd sea -keels ninety and nine. Thence, none of those sea- horses, saving one, Travell'd with foamy sides the fearful sea ; Save one, a keel ■with three- fold banks of oars, Greatest of Grecian ships. Then was cold weather, A gathering of stark storms ; against each other Stunn'd the brown billows, and out-drove afar On the mid-winding sea the shoal of warriors, Up to that island, where, un- numbered days, The daughter of Apollo wont to dwell. This same Apollo was of high- born kin, Offspring of Jove, who was a king of yore. He schemed so, as to seem to every one. Little and great, that he must be a God, ' Cott. cmms. * Cott. nssnisne. 336 THE METRES OE BOETHITJS. ])aec bypije pole. on jebpolan lasbbe. oSfset him jelypfae. leoba unpim. popfEem lie psej- mib pihte. picej- hipbe. hiopa cyne-cynnej'. EuS ij- pibe. ))aac on pa Cibe. feoba asjhpilc haepbon. heopa hlapopb. pop fone hehpcan liob. anb peopfobon. ppa ppa pulbpep cyninj. 3ip he to ])aem pice psep. on pihce bopen. psep paep lobep pabep. Eob eac ppa he. Sacupnup ]jone. jTinb-buenbe. heton hgelepa beapn. haepbon fa msegpa. aelcne aepcep ofpum. pop ecne Eob. Sceolbe eac pepan. ApoUinep. bohcop biop-bopen. bypigep polcep. 5um-pmea jyben. cutSe galbpa pela. bpipan bpycpaepCap. hio gebpolan pyljbe. manna ppifopc. manejpa f loba. Eynmjep bohtop. pio Eipce paep. hacen pop hepijum. Pio picpobe. on Tpsem ijlonbe. pe Auhxep. cynmj Dpacia. Highest and Holieab ! So the silly folk This lord did lead through lying ways, until An untold flock of men be- lieved in him : For that he was with right the kingdom's chief, And of their kingly kin. "Well is it known That in those times each people held its lord As for the G-od most high, and worshipp'd him jFor King of Glory, — if with right of rule He to the kingdom of his rule was born. The father of this Jove was also God, Even as he : him the sea-dwell- ers call Saturn : the sons of men counted these kin One after other, as the Ever Good! Thus also would Apollo's high- born daughter Be held a Goddess by the senseless folk. Known for her Druid -craft, and witcheries. Most of all other men she fol- lowed lies. And this king's daughter, Circe was she bight, THE METEES OF BOETHITTS. 337 com ane to. Circe for Church, as having ceole lifan. many with her. EuS psej- pona. She ruled this isle, whereto the eallpe Jisepe maeiiije. Thracian king fe hipe mib punobe. TJlysses, with one ship, hap- aefebnje]- j-itS. pened to sail. pio mib unjemece. Soon was it known, to all the lin'um lupobe. many there liS-monna ppea. That dwelt with her, the anb lie eac ppa j-ame. coming of the prince ; ealle msejne. She without measure loved this epne fpa ppitSe. sailor-chief. hi on pepan lupobe. And he alike with all his soul fsac he CO hip eapbe. loved her. aenige nypte. So that he knew not any love mobep mynlan. more deep opep mKjS jiunge. Even of home, than as he loved ac he mib faem pipe. this maiden ; punobe piSfan. But lived with her for wife long o^psec him ne meahce. afterward ; monna aenij. Until not one of all his thanes fegna-' pmpa. would stay. fasp mib pepan. But, full of anguish for their ac hi pop psem ypm])um. country's love. eapbep lypce. They meant to leave behind myncon poplsecan. their well-loved lord. leopne hlapopb. Then on the men she 'gan to Da ongunnon pepcan. work her spells ; pep-f eoba ppell. They said, she should by those psebon f hio pceolbe. her sorceries mib hipe pcmlace. Make the men prone like beopnap popbpeban. beasts : and savagely anb mib balo-cpseptnim. Into the bodies of wili beasts ppapum peoppan. she warp'd on pilbpa he. cynmgep fegnap. cyppan pi^fan. anb mib pacencan eac. paepan maenijne. Sume hi Co pulpum pupbon. > Cott. hegnpa. z 338 THE MBTEES OP BOETHIUS. ne meahton fonne popb p op^- bpingan. ac hio fpaj-mEelum. Jiiocon onjunnon. 8ume paepon eafopap. a jpymetebon. f onne hi papep hpset. piopian pciol&on. Da ]>e leon psepon. ongunnon Mlice. yppenga pyna. Jjonne hi pceolbon. cLpian fop copj'pe. Enihtaj- pupbon. ealbe je Jiunje. ealle p ophpepfbe. to pumum biope. ppelcum he aepop. on hip hp-bajum. gehcopc paap. bucan pam cynmje. fe pio cpen lupobe. Nolbe fapa ofpa. aenig onbitan. mennipcep mecep ac hi ma lupebon, fciopa bpohcaS. ppa hic gebepe ne psep. Ns&pbon hi mape. monnum gehcep. eopS-buenbum. ])onne ingefonc. P»pbe anpa gehpylc. hip ajen mob. Jjaec paep feah ppitSe. popgum gebunben. pop psem eappojmm. pe him onpsecon. ppset fa bypegan men. }>e fypum bpycpseptum. long gelypbon. By baleful craft the followers of the king. Then did she tie them up, and bind with chains. Some were as wolves; and might not then bring forth A word of speech ; but now and then would howl. Some were as boars; and grunted ever and aye, "When they should sigh a whit for sorest grief. They that were lions, loathly would begin To roar with rage when they should call their comrades, The knights, both old and young, into some beast Were changed as each afore- • time was most like In his life's day : but only not the king. Whom the queen loved: the others, none would bite The meat of men, but loved the haunt of beasts, As was ill fitting ; they to men, earth-dwellers Had no more likeness left than their own thought. Bach still had his' own mind, though straitlj bound With sorrow for the toils that. him beset. Tor e'en the foolish men who long believed THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. 339 leajum j-pellum. Through leasing spella iu all pij-j-on hpeejjpe. this Druid craft, fsec f jepit ne mse^. Knew natheless that no man mob onpenban. might change the wit, monna semg. Or mind, hy such had craft: mih bpycpsejiCum. though they might make feah hio jebon meahce. That for long while the bodies paec Jia hchoman. should be changed. lange fpaje. Wonderful is that great and onpenb pupbon. mighty art If f punbophc. Of every mind above the mean maegen cpsefC mice]. dull body. moba gehpilcep. By such and such things thou opep lichoman. mayst clearly know Isenne -j psenne. That from the mind come one Spylcum ■] )-pylcum. by one to each J)u meahc ppeotole ongiCan. And every man his body's lusts past ])£ep lichoman. and powers. lipCap -J cpaapCap. Easily mayst thou see that Of Jisem mobe cumaS. every man monna gehpylcum. Is by his wickedness of mind sanleppa aelc. more harrh'd Du meahc eaSe ongican. Than by the weakness of his Jjset te ma bepeS. failing body. monna gehpylcum.-"^ Nor need a man ween ever mobep unpeap. such weird-chance, ponne meccpymnej". As that the wearisome and Isenef lichoman. wicked flesh Ne feapf leoba nan. Could change to it the mind of penan f aepe pyjibe. any man. faec f pepije flsaf c. But the bad lusts of each mind, Jjsec mob. and the thought monna senigef . Of each man, lead his body eallunja Co him. where they will. aefpe mseg onpenban. ac pa iinfeapaf . selcep mobep. anb f mgefonc. aelcef monnef . pone hchoman he. fibep hic pile. > Cott. sehpelcum. z2 340 THE METEES OF BOETHIUS. METEUM XXVII." Upy ge »j:jie j-cylen. unpihc-piounjum. eopep mob bpejran. j-pa )-pa mepe plobej-. yfa hpepaS. ip-calbe ]-K. pecjjalS pop pmbe. Ppy o^pite 5e. pypbe eoppe. faac hio jepealb napat?. Upy 56 ])86)- beajjep. fe eop Dpihten jej-ceop. jebiban ne majon. bitpej- gecynbep. nu he eop selce bsej. onec topeapb. Ne majon ge jepion. fast he pymle ppypeS. aepcep aeghpelcum. eopfan cubpe. biopum -j pujlum. bea'5 eac ppa ]-ame. aepcep mon-cynne. jeonb fipne mibban geapb. ejephc hiinta. abic on paSe. nyle he senij ppaeS. aeppe poplaetan. Sep he jehebe. f sec he hpile aep. aepcep ppypebe. Ip f eapmhc fmj. liaec hip gebiban ne mason. bupg-piccenbe. ungepaehje men. hme aej) pillaS. popan Copciocan. METEE XXVII. OE TOLEEANCE. Why ever your mind will ye trouble with hate, As the icy-cold sea when it rears Its billows waked-up by the wind ? "Why make such an outcry against your weird fate, That she cannot keep you from fears, Nor save you from sor- rows assign'd ? "Why cannot ye now tlie due bitterness bide Of death, as the Lord hatli decreed, That hurries to-you-ward each day ? Now can ye not see him still tracking beside Each thing that is born of earth's breed, The birds and the beasts, as ye may ? Death also for man in like manner tracks out Dread hunter ! this middle- earth through, [more ; And bites as he runs ever- He will not forsake, when he searches about, [too, His prey, till he catches it And finds what he sought for before. >> Boet. lib. iv. metrum 4. — Quid tantos jnvat excitare motus, &c. THE METEES 01' BOETHIUS. 341 rpa rpa fu^la cyn. oS6e pilbu biop. fa pinnaS beCpuh. seshpylc polbe. ofeji acpellan. Ac f 86C ij- unpihc. aejhpelcum men. paac he ofepne. mpic-foncum. poge on psejitJe. ]-pa rpa jiujl oSSe biop. Ac }>aec psepe pihtoj-c. faet Ce pmca gehpylc. ofpum gulbe. eblean on piht. peopc be jepeophcum. peopulb-buenbum. finja jehpilcej". Tps&t ij- f he lufije. jobpa jehpilcne. ypa. he jeopnop; msege. milbrije yflum. rpa pe [asp] j^psecon. pe fceal fone monnan. niobe lufian. anb hi)- unfeapa]'. ealle hacian. anb opjnifan. j-pa he rpifofC msege. METEUM XXVIII.o ppa !]• on eopjjan nu. unlsepbpa. \>e ne punbpije. polcna fsepelbej-. A sad thing it is, if we cannot await His bidding, poor burghers of earth, But wilfully strive with him still ; Like birds or wild beasts, when they haste in their hate To rage with each other in wrath, And wrestle to quell and tokiU. But he that would hate in the deep of his heart Another, unrighteous is he. And worse than a bird or a beast ; But best is the man who would freely impart To a brother, whoever he be, Full worth for his work at the least : That is, he should love all the good at his best. And tenderly think of the bad, [fore ; As we have spoken be- Tbe man he should love with his soul — for the rest His sins he should hate, and be glad [more. To see them cut off ever- METEE SXVIII. OP HEATBKLY WOKDEES. Who now is so unlearned among people of the world, " Boet. lib. iv. metrum 5. — Si quis arcturi sidera nescit, &o- 342 THE METEEB OF BOETHirS. pobper rfifto. pyne tunjlo. liu hy aelce bm%e. utan ymblipejipeS. eallne mifciban ^eajifa. Ppa jj- mon-cynnef. faec ne punbpie ymb. faj- plitejan cungL hu hy j-ume habbaS. j-pitSe micle. rcypcpan ymbehpeapfC. piine ]-cpiJ)at5 lenj. utan ymb eall ]iv[. an ])apa cunjla. populb-men hata?. p»nej- fij-la. ■pa habbaS pcyptpan. pcpitSe anb psepelb.^ ymbhpepfC Iseppan. ]jonne of pu tunjl. fop])8em hi fsepe eaxe. ucan ymbhpeppetS. J>one nop'S-enbe. nean ymbceppeS. on ])8epe ilcan. eaxe hpeppeS. eall puma pbbop. pecene j'cpifetS. jTiS-heaJb ppipetS. j-pifC untiopij. ppa If on populbe.^ fasC ne papije. buton fa ane. f e hit sap pipj'on. fset maenij' tungul. mapan ymbhpypp. hap aS on heoponum pume hpile ept. laspje gehfatS. fa fe lacaS ymb eaxe enbe. > Cott. j:»pelc. 2 Cott. pecainlbe. As not to wonder at the clouds upon the skies unfurl'd, The swiftly rolling heavens and the racing of the stars, How day by day they ran around this mid -earth in their cars ? Who then of men doth wonder not these glittering stars to see, How some of them round wafted in shorter circles be, And some are wanderers jiway and far beyond them all, And one there is which worldly men the Wain with shafts do call. These travel shorter than the rest, with less of sweep and swerve They turn about the axle, and near the north end curve, On that same axle quickly round turns all the roomy And swiftly bending to the south untiring doth it fly. Then who is there in all the world that is not well amazed. Save those alone who knew before the stars on which they gazed, ' Cott. )>»£ Se msems. TEE METKES OE BOETHirS. 343 oSSe micle majie. gefepaS ])a hijie mifa ope. ymbe Jieaple fpie^etS. ])apa ip jehacen. SaCupnu]- ]-um. re hs&fS ymb fpiCij. pmtep-jepimej-. peopulb ymbcyppeb.^ Boocep eac. beophte )-cmet5. ofep j-teoppa cymeS. epie jpa j-ame. on fone ilcan j-cebe. ept ymb Jjpitig. geap-gepimer. fsep hi jio fa psej-. Ppa !]• peopulb-monna. f sec ne papije. bu. fume pteoppan. oS J>a pee papaS. unbep mepe-ptpeamap. fsep pe monnum fmcS. Spa eac pume penaS. psec pio punne bo. ac pe pena nip. puhce pe poppa. Ne biS hio on sepen. ne on sep-mopgen. mepe-pcpeame pa neap. pe on mibne bseg. anb peah monnum pyncS pEeC hio on mepe jange. unbep pae ppipe. ponne hio on j'etl ghbeS. ppa !)• on peopolfce. paec ne punbpige. pullep monan. ponne he paspinga. pypS unbep polcnum. phcep bepeapab. I Cott. That many some whiles on the heavens make a longer bend, And somewhiles less, and sport about the axle of the end : Or else much more they wander quickly round the midway spheres, Whereof is one, hight Saturn, who revolves in thirty years, Bootes also, shining bright, another star that takes His place again in thirty years, of circle that he makes. Who is there then of worldly men to whom it doth not seem A thing most strange that many stars go under the sea- stream. As likewise some may falsely ween that also doth the sun, But neither is this likeness true, nor yet that other one. The sun is not at even-tide, nor morning's early light Nearer to the sea-stream than in the mid-day bright. And yet it seems to men she goes her wandering sphere to lave, When to her setting down she glides beneath the watery wave. ymbcijipeb. Boerep. 344. THE METEES OF BOETIinTS. bef eahc mib fioftpum. Ppa Jiegna ne mseje. eac papian. Belcej- ptioppan. hpy ti ne pcmen. pcipum pebejium. bepopan fsepe junnan. ppa hi pymle baS. mibbel nihcum. piS Jjone monan popan. habpum heopone. Ppaec hu hselef a pela. ppelcep anb ppelcep. ppi(5e punbpaS. anb ne punbpiaS. faet ce puhca gehpjlc. men anb neCenu. micelne habbaS. anb unnetne. anban becpeoh. him. ppiSe pmjalne. if f pelhc fmcj. jjset hi ne punbpiaS. hu hic on polcnum opC. f eaple J>unpaS. fpag-mselum epc. anpoplseteS. anb eac ppa pame. yS piS lanbe. ealnej pmneS. pmb pi^ psege. ppa punbpaS ])»p. o^Se ofpep ept. hpy^ paec ip mseje. peopf an op psecepe. phte cophc^ pcmeS. punna ppejle hac. pona geceppeS. ip mepe aanhc. / on hip ajen gecynb. 1 Cott. hpi. Who is there in the world will wonder not to gaze Upon the full-moon on his way, bereft of all his rays, When suddenly beneath the clouds he is beclad with black ? And who of men can marvel not at every planet's track ? Why shine they not before the sun in weather clear and bright, As ever on the stilly sky before the moon at night ? And how is it that many mea much wondering at such, Tet wonder not that men and beasts each other hate so much? Eight strange it is they marvel not how in the welkin oft It thunders terribly, and then eftsoons is calm aloft. So also stoutly dashes the wave against the shore. And fierce against the wave the wind uprises with a roar ! Who thinks of this ? or yet again, how ice of water grows. And how in beauty on the sky the bright sun hotly glows. Then soon to water, its own kin, the pure ice runs away ; But men think that no wonder, when they see it every day. ' Cott. Eoph. THE METEES OF BOETHIITS. 345 peopfe'S CO psecpe. Ne f inc^ f punbop micel monna aenegum. p86C he mseje sepeon. bojopa jehpilce. ac faec bypie pole. paep hit pelbnop jepihtS. ppijjop punbpiaS.' ]>eah hic pippa gelipaem. punbop ])mce. on hip mob-pepan. micle laeppe. Unbep-jcajtolpaepce. ealnej pena8. ]58ec ■p ealb gepceapc. aeppe ne psepe. fsec hi pelbon jepio^. ac ppifop giec. peopulb-men pena'5. Jjsec hic peap come. nipan jepselbe. gip hiopa nsenjum. hpylc aep ne opeopbe. ip ■p eapmhc Jjmc. Ac gip hiopa aenig. aeppe peopfeS. eo pon pippec-jeopn. faec he pela onjinS. leopnian hpca. anb him hpep peajib. op mobe abpit. j)aec micle bypij. faet hic Of epppigen mib. punobe lange. fonne ic paec geape. f hi ne punbpiaS. msemjep fmgep. ]>e monnum nu. psepf o ■] punbep. pel hpaep f joiceS. This senseless folk is far more struck at things it seldom sees, Though every wise man in his mind will wonder less at these ; TJnatalworth minds will always think that what they seldom see Never of old was made before, and hardly now can be. But further yet, the worldly men by chance wiU think it came, A new thing, if to none of them had ever happ'd the same; Silly enough! — yet if of them a man begins to thirst Por learning many lists and lores that he had scorn'd at first, And if for him the "Word of life uncovers from his wit The cloak of that much foolish- ness which overshadow'd it. Then well of old I wot he would not wonder at things BO Which now to men most wor- thily and wonderfully show. ' Cott. pun&pa'iS. 346 THE METEE3 OF BOETHIUS. METETJM XXTX a Eip fu nu pilnije. peojiulb-Djiihcnc]-. heane anpalb. hlutjie mofae. ongitan giopne.^ gemal-maejene. heopone]- Cunjlu. ha hi him heSbaS betpuh. pbbe j-injale. bybon ppa lange. ppa hi jepenebe pulbpe)- ealbop. sec ppum-pceapte. fait po pypene moc. ]un ne gej-ecan. ynap cealbej- peg. monna gemsejio. PpseC pa maepan tungl. auf ep oljpej- pene. a ne gehpineS. 3ep ])am f ofep. opgepitet5. Ne hupu pe pteoppa. geptigan pile, pepc-bsel polcna. pone pipe men. Uppa nemnat5. Galle pCioppan. pijaS septep punnan. pamob mib pobepe. unbep eoppaii jjiunb. he ana ptenc. nip '^ nan punbop. he ip punbpum psepc.^ upenbe neah. eaxe fsep pobepep. Donne ip an pceoppa. opep o]'pe beophc. <■ Boet. lib. iv. metram 6.— ' Cott. gionne. METEE XXIX. OF THE STABS ANT) SEASONS. If now thou art willing the Lord of the world His highness and greatness clear-sighted to see, Behold the huge host of the heavens unfurl' d How calmly at peace with each other they be ! At the first forming the glori- fied Prince Ordered it so that the sun should not turn Nigh to the bounds of the moon ever since, Nor the cold path of the snow-circle burn. Nay, the high stars never cross on the skies Ere that another has hurried away ; Nor to the westward will ever uprise Ursa the star, — so witting men say. All of the stars set after the sun Under the ground of the earth with the sky : Si vis celsi jura tonantls, cSic. 2 Cott. eapt. THIS METEES OP BOETHIUS. 347 cymetS eaycan up. Sep fonne punne. fone^ monna beapn. mopsen-j-cioppa haca^. unbep heoponum. popfsem he hselejium faKj. bobatS sepcep bupjum. bpenjeS sepcep. ppejelcoplic punne. pamab eallum baej. ip pe poppynel. psejep anb pciene. cyme^ eapCan up. seppop^ punnan. anb eft aepcep punnaa. on petl jlibeS. pepc unbep peopulbe. pep-fioba hip. noman onpenbaS. Jjonne nihc cymeS. hata^ hme ealle. aepen-ptioppa. pe bi6 f aepe punnan ppiptpa. piSfan hi on jecl gepiCaS. opipnetS. ])sec ip sejiele cunjol. oS f he be eapCan peopfeS. elbum ofepeb. aep ijonne punne. « * habba«. aefele cunjol. emne gebaeleb. baej ^ nihte. Dpihcnep meahinun. punne ^ mona. ppiSe gefpsepe. ppa him sec ppymSe. psebep geciohhobe. Ne feappc fu no penan. •,Cott. Jjoime. That is no wonder; for only this one, The axle, stands fastly and firmly on high. Again, there's a star more bright than them all, He comes from the east, before the sun's hirth, The star of the morning, — thus him ever call, Under the heavens, the chil- dren of earth. For that he bodes day's-dawn to men's homes After him bringing the sun in his train, Fair from the east this fore- runner comes, And glides to the west all shining again. People rename him at night in the west, Star of the evening then is he hight, And when the setting sun goes to her rest He races her down more swift than the light. Still he outruns her, until he appears Again in the east, forerun- ning the sun, A glorious star, that equally clears The day and the night, ere his racing be run. 2 Cott. cep joji. 348 THE METRES OF BOETHIUS. paet fa plitejan cunjl. paey peop&omej-. ajjpoten peoptSe. Sep bomep bsege. beS pSfan ymbe. moncynnej- fpuma. j'pa him 5emec pmceS. fopfon hi he healpe. heoponep fifpep. on ane ne last. 8elinihci5 liob. f y Isep hi oppa popbyben. aefela gepceapca. ac pe eca Eob. ealle^ jemecgaS. piba jepceapca. popca ge^pepaS. hpilum psee bpige. bpipt^ ])one paeCan. hpy]um hi gemenje'S. mecobep cjisepce. cile pits hseco. hpilum ceppeS epC. on up pobop. sel beophta leg. leoht lypce. ligeS him behinban. hepig hpupan b»l. }>eah hic hpilan sep. eopSe pio cealbe. on mnanhipe. heolb -^ hybbe. haligep meahcum. Be f 3ep cyninjep jebobe. cymetS jeapa jehpaem. eopSe bpinjeS. aejhpylc cubop. anb pe haca pumop. hselefa beapnum. jeapa gehpdce. jiepelS ^ bpigetS. ' Cott. ealla. Through the Lord's power, the sun and the moon Eule as at first by the Fa- ther's decree ; And think not thou these bright shiners will aoca Weary of serfdom till domes- day shall be : Then shall the Maker of man at his will Do with them all that is right by-and-by ; Meanwhile the Good and Al- mighty One still Setteth not both on one half of the sky, Lest they should other brave beings unmake ; But Ever Good, He still suffers it not ; Somewhiles the dry with the water will slake, Somewhiles will mingle the cold with the hot. Tea, by His skill, otherwhiles will upsoar Into the sky fire airily- form'd, Leaving behind it the cold heavy ore "Which by the Holy One's might it had warm'd. '■ Cott. bpii^. THE METRES OF BOETHIUS. 349 jeonb ]-ibne jjiunfa. j-seb anb bleba. hseppej-c Co honba. heji buenbum. pipa pecetS. pen sefCep fsem. j-pylce hajal -j i-nap. hpufan leccatS. on pmCpej- Cib. pebep unhiope. pop ])sem eoptSe onpehS. eallum j-sebum. jebe^ f hi jpopaS. ^eapa jehpilce. on lenccen cib. leaf up j-ppyccaS. ac j-e milba metob. monna beapnum. on eopfan pec. eall f ce jpopeS. pasjCmap on peopolbe. pel popSbjien^eS bic. fonne he pile, heopona palbenb. anb eopat5 epc. ebp^-buenbum. nim^ fonne he pile, nepjenbe HfOb. anb f hehpce 500b. on heah pecle. piCeS pelp cyninj. anb fioj- pibe jepceapC. fenaS anb ]Jiopa8. he fone anpalbetS. ])sem jepelclejjpum. peopulb jepceapca. Nip f nan punbop. he ip pepoba Ijob. cyninj anb Dpihcen. cpucepa gehpelcep. aepelm -j ppuma. eallpa gepceapca. By the King's bidding it Cometh each year, Earth in the summer-time bringeth forth fruit, Eipens and dries for the soil- dwellers here The seed, and the sheaf, and the blade, and the root. Afterward rain eometh, hailing and snow, "Winter-tide weather that wetteth the world. Hence the earth quickens the seeds that they grow And in the lenten - tide leaves are uncurl'd. So the Mild Maker for children of men Feeds in the earth each fruit to increase, Wielder of heaven ! He brings it forth then ; Nourishing G-od ! — or makes it to cease. He, Highest Good, sits on His high seat. Self- King of all, and reins evermore This His wide handiwork, made, as is meet. His thane and Histheow'to . serve and adore. That is no wonder, for He is the King, Lord God of Hosts, each living soul's awe. > Theow, a slave. 350 THE METEES OE EOETIHTTS. pyphca ■] j-ceppenb. peopulbe j>iyfe. pij'bom anb se. populb-buenbpa. 6alle-'^ ^epceafCa. on haspenbo. hio nane ne ]-enbaS. fsec epc cuma'S. Elf lie fpa jej-cseSpij. ne pcafolabe. ealle gej-ceafCa.^ seghpylc hiopa. ppaSe cojTencce. peopfan pceolben. seglipilc hiopa. ealle co nauhce. peoppan pceolbon. ppatSe toj-lopena. feah pa ane lupe. ealle jepceapCa. heopone]- 3 eoppein. hsebben gemsene. p»C 111 piopien. ppilcum piob-ppuman. anb fBesniatS f. hiopa psebep palbeS. nip f nan punbop. poppaem puhta nan. seppe ne meahce. ellep punian. 31P hi eall maegene. hiopa opb-ppuman. ne piopoben. peobne ni»pum. METEIJM XXX.« The source and the spring of each being and thing, All the world's maker, and wisdom, and law. Everything made, — on His er- rands they go, None that He sendeth may ever turn back ; Had He not stablished and settled it so, All had been ruin and fallen to rack ; Even to nought would have come at the last : All that is made would have melted away : But both in heaven and earth, true and fast, All have one love such a Lord to obey, And are full fain that their Father should reign ; That is no wonder, for else should each thing Never have life, if they did not remain True to their Maker, man's glorious King. Omepup peep, eapc mib Epecum. on p»m leobpcipe. ' Boet. lib. V. metriun 2. — Puro clarum lumine Phoebum Melliflui canit oris Homerus, &c. • Cott. ealla. 2 Cott. Jej-cejCa. METEE XXX. 01' THE TEITE SrN. "Homer among, the Eastern Greeks, was erst THE MBTEES OF BOEXHIXTS. 351 leofa cpoefCsayc. • Fipjilie)-. fpeonb ■] lapeop. fsem msepan j-ceope. majij-tpa betj-c. Ppset j-e Omepuj-. OfC anb jelome. Jiaape pinnan plice. j-piSe iepebe. aafelo cpaepcap. ope anb jelome. leojium ;] j-pellum. leobum peahte. ne mseg hio peah gepcinan. feah hio j-ie pcip ■] beopht. ahpaejijen neah. ealle^ gej-ceapca. ne f iipjjum fa gepceajca. fe iiio gejTinan rasej. enbeme]" ne maeg. ealle' jeonblihcan. innan anb utan. Ac ]"e selmiliteja. palbenb -j pyphca. peopulbe jepceapca. hip agen peopc. eall geonbpliceS. enbemep puphpyhS. ealle^ jepceapCa. Dsec ip pio j'oSe. punne niib pihce be paem. je magon pmgaiu ppylc butan leape. METEUM XSXU Ppset ])u meahc onjiCan. jip hip pe jeman lypc. |)8et te miphce. maneja puhta. geonb eopfan papa^. The best of bards in all that country side ; And he was Virgil's friend and teacher first, To that great minstrel, master well allied. And Homer often greatly praised the sun, Her high-born worth, her skilfulness most true ; Often by song and story many a one [praises due. He to the people sang her Yet can she not shine out, though clear and bright. Everywhere near to every- thing all-ways. Nor further, can she shed an equal light Inside and out on all that meet her rays. But the Almighty Lord of worldly things, Wielder and "Worker, brightly shines above His own good workmanship, and round all flings An equal blaze of skilfulness and love ! That is the true Sun, whom we rightly may Sing without leasing as the Lord of Day. MBTEE XXXI. OE man's TIPEIGHTIfESS. Tet more, thou mayst know, If it lists thee to mind, That many things go ' Boet. lib. V. metruiu 5. — Quam variis terras animaliapermeant figuris, &a. • Cott. ealla. 352 rHE METEES or BOETHirS. unjehce. ' habbatS blioh -j paepbu. unjelice. anb msej-plitaj-. manegpa cynna.'^ cuS anb uncutS. cpeopatS ■] j-mca8. eall lichoma. eopfan jeCenje. nabba^ hi sec pippum fultum. ne ma5on hi mib pocum eopf an bpucan. [ganjan. ppa him eaben paep. pume foCum Cpam. polban peSfaS. jTime piep-peCe. pume pleojenbe. pinbe8 Tinbep polcnum. BiS Jjeah puhta jehpilc. onhmjen to hpupan. hnipaS op bune. on peopulb phteS. pilnaS Co eopfan. pume neb-feappe. pume neob-ppaece. man ana jae^. mecobep gepceapCa. mib hip anbphcan. ufi on gepihce. CCib ]>y ip geCacnob. JiaeC hip Cpeopa pceal. anb hip mob-ge])onc. ma up ponne nifep. habban Co heoponum. f y Isep he hip hige penbe. nij^ep ppa faep nyCen. Nip^ f gebapenhc. f aec pe mob-pepa. monna aenigep. nipep-healb pepe. anb fsec neb uppeapb. ' Cott. cynnu. Over earth in their kind Unlike to the view In shape as in hue. Known or unknown Some forms of them all On earth lying prone Must creep and must crawl ; By feathers help'd not Nor walking with feet, As it is their lot Earth they must eat. Two-footed these, Pour-footed those, Each one with ease Its going well-knows, Some flying high Under the sky. Tet to this earth Is everything bound, Bowed from its birth Down to the ground ; Looldng on clay, And leaning to dust. Some as they may. And some as they must. Man alone goes Of all things upright, — "Whereby he shows That his mind and his might Ever should rise Up to the skies. Unless like the beast His mind is intent Downwards to feast, — It cannot be meant That any man So far should sink Upwards to scan Tet — downwards to think ! " Cott. Ip. NOTES. Note 1, p. viii. — " JElfpeb Kuning paej- pealhj-tob SijTe bee." " King Alfred was translator of this book." — Although this preface is written in the third person, yet there is no doubt that Alfred himself was the writer, for he explains his method of translating, alludes to "the various and manifold occupations which often busied him both in mind and body," beseeches the reader to " pray for him, and not to blame him if he should more rightly understand it than he could ;" and finally, offers the apology that " every man must, according to the measure of his understanding, and according to his leisure, speak that which he speaks, and do that which he does." The style of this preface is very similar to the one which Alfred prefixed to his version of Pope Gregory's Pastoral, and also to that which he prefixed to the Anglo-Saxon version of Pope Gregory's Dialogues, which was written, under his direction, by Werefrith, Bishop of Worcester. Note 2, p. 2, 1. 2. — "Raebgoca anb eallepica." — The invasions of Badagaisus and Alaric took place early in the fifth century, and, after many years of desolating wars, Theodoric, an Ostrogoth, said to be the fourteenth in lineal descent of the royal line of Amala, acquired possession of Some. Theodoric was a Christian, but had been educated in the tenets of Arius. For many years he gave the fullest toleration to the profession of the Catholic Faith, and went so far as to behead one of his officers for becoming an Arian, saying, " If thou couldst not continue true to thy God, how canst thou prove faithful to me who am but a man ?" At length, however, apprehending danger to his throne, and suspecting the Catholics to be in league with his enemies, he withheld the toleration he had granted, and became a persecutor of the orthodox faith. The oppressions which he beheld, roused the patriotism of Boethius, a noble Boman, distin- guished for his many and varied accomplishments. He entered into a cor- respondence with the Emperor Justin, at Constantinople, and this being discovered, Theodoric caused him to be imprisoned in Ticinum, and while there, he composed this treatise. Note 3, p. 2, 1. 8. — Literally, " that they might be worthy of their ancient rights;" "heojia ealbpihca pyj»J>e been." — It may here be ob- ' served that the compound words which occur so frequently in Anglo-Saxon al ', for the most part, compounded from substantives and adjectives. The adjictive is frequently found in composition with its substantive, and renia ns uninflected through all its cases. Thus the adjective "ealb," in composition with the substantive "pihc," makes "ealbpihRa," and " ealbpihtum" in the genitive and dative and ablative plural; and in 2 A 354 NOTES. composition with the substantive " hlajopb," makes " ealbhlajopb," and " ealbhlajopbum" in the dative and ablative plural. Two substantives are often compounded, the first having an adjective power. Thus " poiiulb" compounded with the substantives " J^eap" and " yseVS," respectively malces " populb l^eapum" and " pojiulb paelt>um" in the dative and ablative plural. This kind of composition is not limited to two words. The com- pound " ealb-hlayopb," considered as one word, may again be com- pounded, as in the present chapter, with the substantive " cyn." The latter word " cyn" only is then subject to inflection, " ealb" and " hlapopb" remaining invariable. Accordingly we iind " ealb-hlajopb-cynne)-" in the genitive singvilar ; and a similar inflection will be found in many other words. Note 4, p. 2, 1. 11. — John, the first Pope who bore that name, was sent on an embassy by Theodoric to the Emperor Justin, at Constantinople, and on his return, Theodoric confined him in a dungeon at Kavenna, where he died of want. Note 5, p. 2, 1. 20. — "Senbe )>a bisellice KpenbSeppiSu." "He there- fore privately sent letters." — The verb Senbe is here used without a nominative case being expressed, which, however, is to be understood, and sought for in the preceding sentence. Note 6, p. 4, 1. 22. — " Se pij-bom." — In several parts of this work the reader will meet with inconsistencies resulting from the grammatical acci- dent of gender. In Anglo-Saxon many substantives are neuter, but the far greater number, though denoting objects undistinguished by sex, are considered, grammatically, as either masculine or feminine. These distinc- tions are for the most part regulated by terminations, but are occasionally arbitrary. As a rule, words ending in a are masculine, and those ending in e are feminine ; thus CDona, the moon, is masculine ; and Sunne, the son, is feminine ; while pijr, wife, or woman, is neuter. In the Latin version of Boethius, Philosophy is described as a female, the word Philo- sophia being grammatically of the feminine gender, but Alfred generally translates it by pij-bom, which is invariably masculine. Hence we find him applying masculine articles, pronouns and adjectives, to piTbom, who is perhaps in the same page described as the j:op:eji moboji of Boethius. In a few places Philosophia is rendered by tepceabpipnej-. Reason, and is then feminine. In one instance, c. iii. § 3, the words pipbom and liej-ceabpij-nej- are used conjointly to designate Philosophy, with a verb in the plural number ; and yet the author immediately reverts to the singular, and says, J>a on^an he eyt; j-ppecan i cpte'S. — ^Although the dialogue should properly be carried on between Philosophy and Boethius, yet Alfred frequently makes " the mind" — i.e. the mind of Boethius — one of the interlocutors, instead of Boethius himself; and CDob, the mind, is a substantive of the neuter gender. Note 7, p. 7, 1. 23. — This opinion of Plato was powerfully enforced by him in his dialogue De EepublicS. ; and it is a truth which will find an echo in every well-ordered mind. Note 8, p. 10, 1. 15. — The Cottonian MS., which has been wonderfully restored by the gentlemen mentioned in the preface, commences with the word "unclsenan;" the preceding portion being too much injured to be deciphered. The variations in the readings of the Cottonian MS., which , KOTES. 355 occur before this word, were observed by Junius before the MS. was in- jured by fire, and are given on his authority ; all the subsequent ones are the result of the editor's own collation. Note 9, p. 23, 1. 10. — This was Croesus, King of Lydia, who, having been taken captive by Cyrus, King of Persia, and placed on a pile to be burned, is said to have been delivered from his danger by a shower of rain, which Apollo sent at his earnest entreaty. — Herod, i. 87. Note 10, p. 26, 1. 13. — This chapter ends abruptly, and is evidently in- complete. Note 11, p. 36, 1. 22. — "Fopham & tpij-B eapba'S on Jisepe bene eabmobnen"e-" " For Clu-ist dwdls in the vale of humility." — Whatever allusions to the Christian religion occur in this work, are introduced by Alfred. Note 12, p. 47, 1. 32. — Cantabit vacuus coram, latrone viator. — Juv. Sat. X. 22. Note 13, p. 52, 1. 19. — King Alfred evidently mistook the epithet " Liberum" for a proper name. The individual alluded to was probably Anaxarchus, a philosopher of Abdera. Nicocreon, King of Salamis, in Cyprus, having been offended by the philosopher's freedom, caused him to be cruelly tormented ; and when at length the tyrant, finding he could not subdue the spirit of his victim, threatened to cut off his tongue, Anaxarchus bit it off, and spit it into the tyrant's face.— Cic. in Tuso. ii. 21. Note 14, p. 53, 1. 30. — Busiris, King of Egypt, said to have been the son of Neptune, and altogether a mythical personage, sacrificed to Jupiter all strangers whom he could seize ; and when Hercules visited Egypt, Busiris caused him to be bound and laid upon the altar. Hercules, however, soon disentangled himself, and sacrificed the tyrant and his son on the altar, where he had slain his victims. The whole statement, however, is contra- dicted by Herodotus. Note 15, p. 53, 1. 39. — Eegulus was a Eoman consul during the first Punic war, and, after gaining several victories over the Carthaginians, was at length overcome by Xanthippus, aiid taken prisoner. He was sent to Rome by the Carthaginians to sue for peaoe, but so far was he from de- airing peace, that he exhorted his countrymen to persevere in the war, as it would be greatly for their advantage ; and on his return to Carthage he was cruelly put to death. Note 16, p. 58, 1. 29. — Lpsej*. Literally, craft. — Perhaps no word in the Anglo-Saxon language is used in a greater variety of senses. It denotes art, trade, profession, practice, employment, workmanship, skill, talent, ability, power, strength, faculty, virtue, excellence, endowment, and many other good qualities ; and it is also used, though rarely, in a bad sense, for cunning, contrivance, artifice. Note 17, p. 62, 1. 32. — ]>eopa rpp*" ^T fcobseleb on tpa ^ hunb feoponag. Their language is divided into seventy -two. — This calculation of the number of languages occurs again in c. xxxv. § 4. It is also men- tioned by JElfric, De Test. Vet. ; and the passage is thus translated by Lisle : " Now the history telleth us concerning Noe's posterity, that his sons begot seuenty and two sons, who began to build that wonderfull citie and high tower, which in their foolish imagination should reach up to heaven. But God himselfe came thereto, and beheld their worke, and gave 2 a2 356 NOTES. tbem every one a sundry language, that they understood not each other what they said : so they quickly surceased the building ; and then went they to sundry forrein lands, with as many languages as leaders." Note 18, p. 64, 1. 8.— Cicero shows in his " Somnium Scipionis" that the Romans occupied a comparatively small part of the earth, and that, there- fore, the glory of the Roman name was very limited in its extent. Note 19, p. 64, 1. 15. — " i>e ge t>8ep ymbe tpincalS." " Which ye labour about." — " >sep," " there," is frequently redundant in Anglo-Saxon as in modem English. Note 20, p. 66, 1. 7. — " Cen ^uj-eufa jancpa." " Ten thousand winters." — Northern nations reckon their years by winters, and the shorter divisions of time by nights. The latter mode of computation is still very common in this country, as, instead of seven days, we say " se'nnight;" and, in- stead of fourteen days, we say " a fortnight." Note 21, p. 68, 1. 34. — Hor. Carm. lib. i. carm. 4. Note 22, p. 70, 1. 1. — " )>j)set pne nu imy jropemsepan anb Jjsej-pij-an golfaj-mitSej* ban pelonbej*." " What are now the bones of the celebrated and the wise goldsmith, Weland?" — This passage is grounded on the following remark of Boethius, " Ubi nunc fidelis ossa Fabricii jacent ?" In c. xvi. § 2, Alfred mistook an epithet for a proper name, and here, in- stead of mentioning the name of Fabricius, the opponent of Pyrrhus, he seems to have been led by a singular association of ideas to substitute that of Weland, the Vulcan of northern mythology. Although ther& is a re- markable change of persons, the argument to prove the worthlessness of earthly reputation is not affected by it. Note 23, p. 70, 1. 7. — "8e apseba Rompapa hepetoga, )-e peer hafean Bputuj-, oSpe naman taj-puj-." " The patriotic consul of the Romans, who was called Brutus, by another name Cassius." — This is a very singu- lar mistake of Alfred's. Brutus and Cassius are here confounded, and cmi- sidered as one person ! Note 24, p. 72, 1. 6. — " jpa )>my pinbef yyc" " As the wind's storm." — For this reading we are indebted to Mr. Cardale ; the reading m tlie Cottonian MS. being yifa. J)8ep pinbej- >y)-, and in the Bodleian j^iee ])ep pinbej- \>jx i both of which are evidently erroneous, and there cannot be a doubt that Mr. Cardale has happily restored the original reading. Note 25, p. 72, 1. 6. — " Styping," which is here rendered " experience," means a stirring, or agitation, or any kind of tumult. Note 26, p. 76, 1. 32. — "8pi>e j-peEe Eo bealcetenne," which is here translated "very pleasant to the stomach," could not be rendered more literal in English, the expression being " dulcis eructando." Note 27, p. 80, 1. 10.— t rf honne Gob. That is, then, God.— The Latin of Boethius is, Id autem est bonum. That God is the supreme good is not formally stated by Boethius until after a long train of reasoning, which is followed by his address to the Deity. It first occurs in the part of lib. iii. prosa 10, which corresponds with c. xxxiy. § 2, of the present work. But in this, and some other passages, the construction shows that Alfred meant to put God, instead of good. In Anglo-Saxon the word gob denotes both God and good, so that there can be no other guide to its meaning, independently of the context, than the introduction of a capital NOTES. 357 letter. It may be remarked, however, that in the Cottonian MS. of this work, the adjective gob is generally spelt goob. Note 28, p. 82, line 2. — orbselpe; more prone. — The Bodleian MS. gives of'SsDlpe, and the Cottonian gives oj:c^»lpe, as the reading of this word ; but ' these being unintelligible, Junius proposed to substitute opbBelpe, in which he was followed by Mr. Cardale, and the Editor's opinion coincides with their view. — See Eawlinson's Boethius, p. 167. Note 29, p. 86, 1. 4. — o))eji is substituted by Mr. Cardale for heopa, and makes the passage clearer. Note 30, p. 90, 1. 4. — msete is here used impersonally, and reflectively : literally, as if it dream you. Note 31, p. 90, 1. 24. — Da anbfpopobe Boetau)". Then answered Boethius. — Alfred occasionally forgets that he is writing in the character of Boethius, and names him in the third person. Note 32, p. 92, 1. 34. — hmSpiSe hypj-Ee cale. — These verbs are all in the singular number, and are used impersonally — a circumstance which frequently occurs in Anglo-Saxon. Note 33, p. 96, 1. 6. — ye Laculuf pse)- hepetoga on Rome. Catulus was a consul in Eome. — Catulus was a Roman consul, but it was Catullus, the poet, who was indignant that Nonius should sit in a chair of state. The two are here confounded. Note 34, p. 102, 1. 28. — This refers to Damocles and Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily. Note 35, p. 104, 1. 19. — Seneca, who is called the " foster-father" of Nero, had the misfortune to be appointed tutor to that cruQl tyrant ; and having incurred the displeasure of his former pupil, he was put to death by bleeding, which was accelerated by a bath. Note 36, p. 104, 1. 24. — Papinian, the celebrated jurist, was a prefect under the Emperor Severus, and it is said that the emperor, on his death, commended his two sons, Antoninus Caracalla and Geta, to the care of Papinian. But soon after his father's death, Caracalla dismissed Papinian from his office, murdered his brother Geta, and then gave orders for the execution of his former guardian, which was shortly afterwards carried into effect. Boethius could scarcely have selected two more fitting examples for illustrating his argument. Note 37, p. 106, 1. 23.— Thyle. Thule,— An island in the German Ocean, which, from its great distance from the continent of Europe, received from the ancients the epithet of " ultima." Its situation was never ascer- tained ; and there are still different opinions about it. Some suppose that it was the island now called Iceland, or else part of Greenland ; while others consider it to be the Shetland Isles. Note 38, p. 106, 1. 31. — "]-um j-ceop;" "a certain poet." — This was Euripides ; and the passage alluded to is Andromacha, 1. 320, Ed. Matth. Note 39, p. 110, 1. 16. — unaejielne ; unnoble. — It was necessary to coin a word to express the meaning of the original. Ignoble would convey a very false idea of what is meant by unaej^el, both in this and many other Note 40, p. 112, 1. 15. — CEdipus is here alluded to, who, in ignorance, is said to have slain his father Laius, King of Thebes. Note 41, p. 130, 1. 18. — opcuman is evidently a contraction of ojrepcunjan, to overcome, like o'ercome in English. 358 HOTDS. Kote 42, p. 132, 1. 36. — bpij-B is here used for hepefb. Note 43, p. 142, 1. 17. — J>eap]:« is here used for J>eap]:B. Note 44, p. 146, 1. 3. — po beophenej- J>8epe jTmnan rciman pe J>ser «ep nej- to metanne, &c. — This, which is the reading in the Bodleian MS., is evidently a mistake, and unfortunately there is no other MS. to correct it, inasmuch as those portions of Boethius wliich are metrical are entirely dif- ferent in the Bodleian and Cottonian MSS. The Bodleian contains the metres in a prosaic form, and the Cottonian has them in verse. E. Thom- son, Esq., has kindly suggested to the Editor that ]>ssy tep nej- should be hBerSsepne)", or rather feoj-Ssepnef, darkness; and this alteration is in some measure confirmed by the parallel passage in the metrical version, viz. : >onne pile he j-ecgan, J>8eS taepe j-unnan pe, beophtnej' J>io)-qio, beopna sephpylcum, Eo mesanne. There can, therefore, be no impropriety in thus altering the reading of the Bod. MS., and substituting for it a word which, while it gives clearness to the passage, is in harmony with the Cott. MS. Note 45, p. 160, 1. 22, — The word "he" is redundant here, and makes aohhige have the force of a reflective verb ; a, mode of expression very common in this work. It may here be remarked, that there are many redundancies which did not seem to require any remark in the notes. Note 46, p. 162, 1. 4.^Ic pac, &o.— The fable of the giants and the his- tory of the Tower of Babel are introduced by Alfred in consequence of a passing allusion in Boethius ; and it may be noticed how carefully Alfred guards against making a direct assertion with regard to these fabulous histories, by employing the expression, " j*ceolbe beon." Note 47, p. 162, 1. 20.— Deipa. Dura.— Daniel, c. iii. 1. Note 48, p. 166, 1. 8. — Papmenibej". Parmenides. — Parmenides was a Greek philosopher, and flourished about the same time as Socrates ; and, like other philosophers of that period, expressed his opinions in verse. The poem from which the quotation is made is entitled, " On Nature." Note 49, p. 166, 1. 18.— J)8B)- pij-au PlaConep lapa j-uma. — The passage here alluded to was the remark made by Plato in bis Timaeus, viz. that discourses, in those matters of which they are the interpreters, should always have a certain relationship to the subject. Note 50, p. 170, 1. 3.— TyEier. — The reading of this word is evidently different in the Cott. MS., but from the illegible state of this part of the MS. it is impossible to say what the reading is. Note 51, p. 184, 1. 18.— )-e Plaeonep cpibe.— The saying of Plato, to which reference is made, is in his " Gorgias and Alcibiades," b. i. Note ^2, p. 194, 1. 4.— Ulysses is called by Boethius, Neritius dux, this name being derived from Neritos, a mountain in Ithaca. Alfred evidently mistook his author's meaning, and considered Eetia, or Neritia, ' as a distinct country, over which Ulysses ruled. Note 53, p. 194, 1. 11. — penbel yte ; the "Wendel Sea. — This was cither the whole of the Mediteirranean Sea, or that part of it which is called the Adriatic. — See Alfred's Orosius, b. i. c. i. NOTES. 359 Note 54, p. 194, I. 32. — Sume hi j-se&on "^ hio j-ceolbe jopj-ceoppan to leou. ^ tJonne j-eo j-ceolbe j-ppecan. J)onne jiynbe hio. Some, they said, she— i.e. Circe — should transform to lions, and when thet/ should speak, then they roared. — Literally, some they said she should transform into a lion, and when she should speak then she roared. She, of course, refers to Icon, which is a feminine noun in Anglo-Saxon. Note 55, p. 220, 1. 27.— Spa j:pa on pBenef eaxe hpeapra); >a hpeol. As on the axle-tree of a waggon the wheel turns. — The whole of this section is King Alfred's original production. The simile of the wheel is, perhaps, pursued rather too far, and occasionally is not very intelligible ; hypK which occurs a few words after, is for hejie'S. Note 56, p. 228, 1. 10. — See Psalm xvii. 8 ; Keep me as the apple of an eye. Note 57, p. 236, 1. 17.— In the Cott. MS., after Ba cpae'S he, the follow- ing words are inserted, " eall biS Joob ^ ee nyc bi^. J>a cyse^ ic ■J ij- j-olS. J>a cpse^ he." 8io, &c. Having chiefly followed the Bodleian text, it did not appear necessary to disturb that arrangement by incorporating these words in the text of this edition. Note 58, p. 242, 1. 2. — See Aristotelis Physica, lib. ii. u. v. Note 59, p. 244, 1. 6. — The passage alluded to appears to he in Iliad iii. 1. 277 : HeXtoff $ , OS irdvT e(^opaSj Ka\ ttclvt eVoKouets. Note 60, p. 246, 1. 26. — Cicero was named Marcns TuUius Cicero. See also c. xviii. § 2. Note 61, p. 248, 1. 3. — In the Cott. MS. the following words are inserted after )-ppsecor>, before piC: " J>a cpae'S ic hpaec haebbe ic fcpsisen J>8ej- \>e piC sap j-ppaecon. ))a cj>1S he." pie, &e. For the reason before given, in note 67, they are not incorporated in the present text. Note 62, p. 252, 1. 20.— Jepip anbgic is rendered " intelligence," in con- formity with the Latin. By iutelligentia, Boethius meant the highest degree of knowledge. Note 63, p. 255, 1. 15. — By the expression " prone cattle," which is the translation of " hpopa nycenu," those animals are meant which have their faces turned towards the ground. Note 64, p. 256, 1. 1, c. xlii. — Fop >y pe j-ceolbon, &c. " Therefore we ought," &c. — This, which is the last chapter of King Alfred's translation of Boethius, and which is very interesting, is almost entirely the royal author's own. Note 65, p. 260, I. 1 — Dpihten aslmihtiga tob, &c. " Lord God, Almighty," &c. — This prayer, which is added at the end of the Bodleian MS. in a later hand, was not appended to the Gottonian MS. Note 66, p. 263, 1. 1. — Du)- jilppeb up. — This introduction, which was prefixed to the Cottonian MS., was scarcely the production of King Alfred himself, although it is an additional proof, if any were wanting, that he was the translator of Boethius, and the author of the metrical version. What is usually called the prose version of Boethius, contains the metres, but the translation is not in verse, although from the nature of the subject it nearly approaches poetry. King Alfred, it is supposed, wrote the prose when harassed with those "various and manifold worldly occupations which often busied him both in mind and in body," of which he so feel- 360 NOTES. ingly complains ; and when lie had overcome the difficulties which beset him, he reduced the translation of the metres to that form in which they have been handed down to us, being at once a monument of royal industry, and a pure specimen of the poetry of the Anglo-Saxons. Note 67, p. 264. — Metre I. — What is here termed Metre I. is rather an original introduction of King Alfred to the subsequent poem. The work of Boethius commences with a metre relative to his misfortunes, without alluding to the cause of them : " Carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi, Flebilis, heu, msestos cogor inire modes." As the whole of the Anglo-Saxon metres are too paraphrastic to be strictly called translations, it appears to be the simplest arrangement to number them from this. Note 68, p. 264, 1. 25. — Linb-pijenbe. — Literally, fighting under shields made of the linden, or lime-tree. Lanb in its primary signification is the linden, or lime-tree, Tilia arbor; and in its secondary, or metaphorical sense, it is a standard, or banner, as well as a shield. A similar meta- phorical use is made of the word tej-c, an ash-tree. It often signifies a spear or javelin; i.e. a weapon made of ash. Note 69, p. 270, 1. 1. — .^ala }>u j-cippenb. — This metre, which contains an address to the Deity, is a happy production of King Alfred's muse. With regard to Mr. Turner's observation, that King Alfred's prose transla- tion of the metres of Boethius has more intellectual energy than his verse, it may be remarked, that this is not singular. We usually find mncli greater energy in blank verse than in poetry, which is fettered with rhyme. This may be exemplified by taking one of the poems ascribed to Ossian, and reducing it to the regular laws of verse. Mr, Turner, however, does justice to our author, by saying, " There is an infusion of moral mind and a graceful ease of diction in the writings of Alfred, which we shall look for in vain to the same degree and efiect among the other remains of Anglo-Saxon poetry."' — History of the Anglo-Saxons, b. v. ch. iv. Note 70, p. 307, 1. 1. — Bala mm Dpihten. — This metre contains an- other address to the Deity, which, like the former one, is extremely beau- tiful. The Latin metre, beginning, qui perpetuS. mundum ratione gnbemas, is so amplified, that the Anglo-Saxon version of it may be con- sidered an original composition. Note 71, p. 348, 1. 4. — sep bomej- bsege ; before dome's day. — Dome's day signifies the day of judgment: being derived from beman, to judge. From hence also is derived our English verb, to deem, i.e. to form a judg- ment or opinion. GLOSSARY. S, ever ISbelgan, to offend SCbepan, to bear ?Cbe)>ecian, to find hidden ISbibbau, to pray 'Shw&n, to bite, to devour 5Cblenb, blinded Sblenban, to blind ?Cbpecan, to break, to spoil, to take by storm Sbpebian, to remove, to open abwsani '<> P'spossess, to occupy Scelan, to cool JCcennan, to bring jEorth, to beget ; Scennebne)-, birth ffqninS, an asking, a question SCcpelan, to die JCbimmian, to make dim, to darken SIbl, a disease Sbon, to take away, to banish Sbpencan, to drown Sbpeogan "f UTbpeohan > to endure, to tolerate Sbpiohan J Sbpijran, to drive away, to drive Jlbpsej-can, to quench, to dispel M, law ^a, a river, water jEcep, a field ^bpe, a vein jEbfceaj-c, a new creation -^jren, the evening, even -Slfen-j-Eeoppa, the evening star -Slfen-tabe, the evening ^fep, ever -S!f C, again ^jrcep, after -^Jftep-genga, a successor JEjrCeppa, second -ffifCep-j-pypian, to examine, to in. quire after JEjrpeajibne]-, absence M%, an egg JEshpaet'ep, both jEghpibep, on every side jEghponon, every way, everywhere jEgJiep, either, both, each Mhz, property, possessions JElc, each jElcp^f&S, all skilful ^lenS, long ; To Belenge, too long ^linge, weariness JElmej-, alms JElmihCiSa, the Almighty ^Itisp, good, sound, perfect ^IJjeobe, a foreigner iEl>eobiS, foreign j^-f'^j leisure, rest ^ne, once 362 GLOSSAET. ■ honour, wealth ^nbemej-e, equally Snhc [ °°^y' ^^"^^ll™*! singula §pelh"^PP'' Sp i ^p, ere, ever, before ^penb, an errand ^penb-geppic, a letter, a message ^pej-t, first ^plej-t, Spleaj-C, iniquity, impiety JEp-mopSen, early morning ^pnepeg, a course Spurns, a running jEp-Sibe, timely JEj-ppmS, a fountain JEJjel, noble JEj^elcunbne)", nobleness JE)>elmi5, a prince, a nobleman ^Jielo, nobility, native country -^^S«=^^Pn together ^tne, Etna ^cpiKan, to twit, to reproach JEpelm, a fountain 'K^ssjisji, to make afraid SfBepeb, afraid Sfsej-tnian, to fix Sfanbian, to discover, to experience Sjreban, to feed, to instruct ^Cjreoppian ") S^reppan Tto take away, to put 5Cpppan C away, to depart fffvpan ) !Sj:epi-cean, to become fresh Sjrylan, to defile Sjryppan, to remove to a distance ffgan, to own, to possess Sjaelan, to hindac ^Sen 1 one's own Sgman, to appropriate Ssyjran, to give back TChebban, to raise ffhS-auht, aught, anything IShpap ^ ffhpouan > anywhere, anywise Spep J IShpsepgen, everywhere Shpeppeb, turned Shpopjren, see )>peop)ran Slabian, to make excuse for Slaeban, to lead away, to mislead SlasCan, 'to let go, to lose, to relinquish 31bop, a chief fflecgan, to lay aside, to retract, to confine IS \ '0 P'=™'' Sleogan, to tell lies JOej-enb, a Redeemer SUunja, altogether Slpealba, the Omnipotent Sly^an, to set free Slyftan, to desire JCmbeht, a service Smepian, to prove Smecan, to mete out, to measure Smeppan, to hinder, to mislead, to distract, to corrupt Sn, one 5Cna;)>elan, to dishonour, to degrade Snbib, waiting Snbmban, to unbind Snoop, an anchor !Snba, envy, enmity, revenge Snbejin, measure, proportion Snbettan, to confess V hrii- C sense or meaning, under- T t^ \ standing, intelligence HnbgeCjull, discerning SnbgiEpiUice, clearly Snblans, along Snbhpene, food Snbpypn, respectable ffnbpacigan, to deny infeb I ^'^ ^''"""" ffnbrpapian)^^^^^,^^^ Anbpypban J Snbpeapb, present „ ' "fa cause, matter ISnbphc, form ISnbplita, the countenance Snjealb, onefold, simple, singly existing ISnpealbne]*, oneness, unity GLOSSAKY. 363 Snjroplffifcan, to lose, to forsake, to relinquish Sngehc, like K^ngm, a beginning ffngmnan, to begin Snhealfaan, to observe, to keep Snhebban, to lift up TCnhc, alone, only ffnlic, like Snlicnej-, form, likeness, resem- blance Snmobhce, unanimously Snne)-, oneness, unity Sofcunian, to shun Snf enban, to send Snj-ecean, to impose Snpn, a view Suunga, at once . Snpealfa \ P"^™"^' dommion Snpalban, to rnle JCnpalbeS, powerful ffnpealba, a governor Snpillice, obstinately Snpuman, to dwell alone JTnseba ) ... Spaeban ? to search out, to discover, Spebian J to conjecture Spsejnan, to bear, to sustain TCpeccan, to declare, to explain Spetan, to delight JCpjrapan, to depart Spian, to honour Spleapiej", impiety Sphce, honourably Sppyp'S, venerable, deserving of honour Sjipypjja, a venerable person Sppyp^nej-, honour, dignity Spapan, to sow Spcian, to ask Spcipan, to separate, to be safe Spcoptian, to shorten, to become shorter Spcupan, to repel Spcung, an asking, an inquiry Spcippan^ I to sharpen, to adorn Spmsan, to sing TCplupan, to slip away JCj-meagan, to inquire SrppinSan, to break, or spring out ISppylijan, to wash Sppypian, to seek, to explore JTptifician, to exterminate 3!pCiSan, to ascend ISplypian, to stir, to move, to a^tate Sppa, an ass Sppeoeole, clearly Sppmban, to enervate, to perish Spynbpian, to separate Stelan, to reckon, to count Scemian, to make tame Sceon, to attract, to draw, to allure 5C5, an oath !S)>eniaii, to extend !SJ)eopCpian ^ to become dark, to StjypEpian J obscure !SJ>peoEan, to warn, to weary 3!J>y, therefore Scihte, intent upon, attracted to Ssion-op, to draw out Sepenblob, rolled 3!uht, aught Sujjep, either ISpeccan, to awaken, to excite Spegan, to move away, to turn aside, to agitate Spenban, to turn aside Speoppan, to cast away, to degrade Spep, anywhere Spmban, to strip off Spmnan, to contend ISpnijeb, execrable 3!ppiCan, to write out Spypcan, to do Spyptpalian, to root out 3ie, ashes B. Ba, both j^^'^jaback Bsecan, to bridle Bale, a heap Balo, wicked Bam, dative of Ba, to both 364 GLOSSABT. Ban, a bone Bap, bare Be, by Beabu-pinc, a soldier Beag, a crown Bealcetan, toeruot Beam, a beam, a, tree Beajjn, a chUd BeapnlefC, childless Beatan, to beat Beoban''" 1 *" '=°°«"*°^' '° ^'^' *° Bmbon J "^^^ Bebob, a commandment •p [a book ; also Bee, pi. books Bec-Lebene, Latin Becnan, to denote Becpeopan, to creep Becuman, to happen, to befal, to come to, to enter Becypjian, to turn Bebeelan, to divide, to deprive, to be destitute Bej:«ej-Can, to commit Befon, to catch hold of, to include Befopan, before Began, to follow Begitan, to beget, to get, to obtain Begons, a course Behealban, to behold, to observe, to keep Beheapan, to cut off BehejTi, necessary Behehan, to cover, to conceal Behmban, behind Behopan, to behove, to render fit or necessary Behpepfan, to turn, to prepare Belicgaii, to surround Belunpan, to belong to, to appertain Belucan, to lock up Benseman, to deprive Benugan, to enjoy. Benyjjan, beneath Beo, a bee Been, to be Beo'^h ( ^ Jii^' ^ barrow Beopn, a man BeophE, bright Beophcnej*, brightness Beppenan, to wink Bepan, to bear; p. p. gebojien Bepseban, to rid from Bepeapan } to bereave, to deprive, Bepypan J to strip Bej-cyhan, to look upon Bepeon, to look about, to look upon Bephpan, to impose, to put upon Bepmitan, to pollute, to defile Bepops, dear, beloved BepCypmian, to agitate Beppican, to deceive, to betray Beppimman, to swim about BeS, better Betan, to improve Betepea, best Becing, a cable Becpung, amendment Betpt, best Beqjeox') Betpuh > betwixt, between, among Becpnx J Bejjeappan, to need, to want Bepapian, to guard, to defend Bepeepan, to cover Bepaeg-utan, surrounded Bepealpian, to wallow Bepitan, to keep, to observe Beppigan, to cover, to conceal Bepyppan, to cast Bibban, to pray, to compel Bipan, to shake, to tremble ]^'.Sf" I to bend Bygan J Bil, a bill, a sword Bil-pube, blood-red sword BJepiC, gentle, merciful Bilepitnep, simplicity Binban, to bind Brnnan, within Bio-bpeab, bee-bread, honeycomb Biophco S Biphrnep >• brightness BiphCu J jgjJL f an occupation Biren } , Bipn J *" example GLOSSAET. 365 Bifgan, to employ, to be employed, to be busy Bij^ng, an occupation Birmepian, to scoff at, to reproach, to revile Bij-man, to set an example Bij-peU, a fable Bij-pic, a deceit, a snare BiCep, bitter Bitepner, bitterness Bipi)-s, provisions, food Blac, black, pale Bleb 1 f"^"" Blase, widely, everywhere Blapan, to blow, to blossom Blenbian, to blind Bleep, colour Bhcan, to glitter Bhnb, blind Blioh, hue, beauty Bh]-, bliss, pleasure Blijie, blithe, merry, joyful BlilSnef, joy, enjoyment Blob, blood Blo]-ma, a blossom, a flower Boc-cpaejrc, book-learning Boba, a messenger Bobian, to announce, to proclaim Tj ? f a bough, a branch Bopb, a bank Bopen, bom ; p. p. of bepan Bos, repentance B^ h t ^^°^^^ extended Bpaeban, to spread ; p. p. bpsegban Bpsebing, spreading Bpeccan, to break Bpeb, a board Bpego, a ruler Bpeors I ^^ ,, t Bpeoj-S-cojraJ 'Bjiva^an, to bring 5^°*^ f a brook, affliction, misery Bpoca^ ' •' Bpocian, to afflict Bpoja, a prodigy Bpoj-nienbe, perishable BpoSh*"''"^"' Bpucan, to use, to enjoy Bpun, brown Bpyb, a bride BpypS, he governs Buenb, an inhabitant Bujran, above Bugian, to inhabit Bups-pctenb ■) BupS-papu > a citizen Buph-papu ) Buph ■^ BupiS > a city Bypis; Bupna, a stream Busan, without, external BuEon f ''"'' "°'^5'i except Busu, both Butpuhs, between Bycgan, to buy Bypnan, to bum t. tap, active Eapeptun, an enclosure Lallan, to be cold Eamp-pseb, a camp, a field of battle EapiCula, a chapter tap, care Eapcepn, a prison Eealb, cold EehhecEuns, scorn, laughter Lempa, a soldier ' Eene, brave Eeopjran, to cut teopl, a husbandman, a man Leol) ,. Eiol \ * ^""P teopan, to choose; perf. gecupe, chose ' r i! „ fa merchant, a chapman Eepan, to catch, to subdue 866 GLOSSAET.' Lep ^ a space of time, n turn ; tieppev ast ).-jiuman cejipe, in typ J the first instance teppan, to return, to depart j^^j^|acliild EiS, a germ, a shoot Erijia-lear, without a shoot Llam, a fetter tlalS, cloth ; pi. LlaJ>a]-, clothes Llsen, pure, clean IjlBenlic, pure, virtuous Elsenne)-, virtue, chastity Ll|pfan" ( *° *^^"' *° "y- *° ^P^^'^ Elif, a cliff Eihpan, to cleave, to adhere Llub, a rock Ouj-eep, a cell Lnihc, a youth, a child, an at- tendant tnihe-heib, childhood Inoban, to dedicate Enol, a hill, a knoll tol, cool lonbel, a candle tonj"ul, a consul tropn, a grain Lop]»ep, a multitude, a company Loj'p, a fetter Eoj-cnung, a temptation IioShce, truly, surely tpBefS, craft, art, virtue r™i^a ' ^^^ Creator, a workman, r,p44ai "" "™'='' tpeejcig, crafty, skilful, virtuous tpeaca, a Greek Epeopan? Epypan J *° ".^^ Chris- tpift, Christ Epij^enbom, Christendom, tianity Liilpian, to cringe tuma, a comer, a guest, a stranger Human, to come Ennnan, to know • Eunman, to inquire, to search EnS, known Eu)>iaii, to know Epanian, to languish, to waste Epse>an 1 Epe^an > to say, to speak Epi^au y Epelmian, to kill Epeman, to please Epen, a queen Epic "» Epuc >• living, alive Epuca) Epibbung, a report, a speech Epibe, a saying, a speech, a doctrine Eyle, cold Eyme, coming Eyn, liin, kindred, kind Eyn, proper Eyna, a cleft, a chink E|Seiic}™y*i''''"s'y Eynepcol, the king's dwelling-place, the metropolis Lynms, a king Lynpen, a kind, a generation, a family course Eypepa, a kind of fish Eyppan, to fetter, to bind Eyj-e, excellenoe, splendour Ey^ } knowledge, a region, a ooun- Ey^eJ try EyJ'an, to show, to make known, to relate Dffib, a deed, an action Diri ( secret, unknown, ahstrnse Driop-punJ *"""'*'" °"'^' Dsel, a part Dapu, an injury, a hurt Deab, dead Deabiic? , ,, Dea«hcr'*^y' DeaS, death Deap, dare Deljran, to dig Delpepe, a digger Dem, an injury , mortal GIOSSAET. 367 Dema, a judge Deman, to judge Dene, a valley Deofel, the devil Deophcoji, deeper, more deeply Dioplice, deeply J, f ^ ^'^^^ beast p.. '^> dear, precious Deoplms J a darling, a favourite, DiophnS y one beloved Deop-cyn, wild beast kind Deoppeop^ T DeoppupB > precious, dear DeoppypIS J Deoppup'Snep, a treasure Depian, to injure Diegelnep, a recess, a secret place Dijellice, secretly Dun, dim, dark DioSol, secret, profound Diop-bopen, nobly bom Diope, dearly Dohsep, a daughter Dom, a judgment, a decree Domepe, a judge Domep-bseS, doomsday Don, to do, to make Doppcen, durst Dpeam-cpaept, the art of music Dpeamepe, a musician ^eca^ i to aflict, to torment Dpeccean ) Dpepan, to vex, to trouble gPP'^ldrink Dpync J Dpeogan, to suffer Dpeopig, dreary Dpeopenb, perishable Dpi ) DpiS > dry Epys) Dpipan, to drive, to pursue, to exer- cise Dpisan ) j.^ ^ jQ become dry Dpysani ■" Dpihsen, the Lord Dpihs-guma, a chieftain Dpincan, to drink Dpohta'S, conversation, society DpycpsepE, magical art DpycpseptiJ, skilful in sorcery DpySSnm, the dregs Duj^an, to be honest, to profit DugulS, honour, an ornament Dugu'S, virtuous, honourable Dun, a hill, a mountain Dunnian, to obscure, to make dun Duppe, darest thou ? See Deap Dupu, a door Dpehan } to wander, to deceive, to Dpolian 5 mislead Dpolema, a chaos Dybepian, to delude Dynt, a blow, a crash Dyp. ] Dypig V foolish DJTS J Dypian, to be foolish Dypig, folly, error Dypiga, a foolish person ea, a river eac, also eaca, an addition eacan, to increase eaben, granted, ordained eabig, happy, blessed, perfect eabiijhc, perfect eabijsnep, happiness eabmobhce, humbly, conformably ^^r^P la wild boar epop S Capopa, a son eage, an eye eala, alas ! raio^b}-^'-^ ealb-pBebep, a grandfather ealbop-man, an alderman, a noble- man ealb-pihe, an old right eaU, all 368 GLOSSARY. ealle)", totally, altogether eallunga, altogether, entirely, at all ealo, ale Cap, an ear eapb, native soil eapb-jsej-B, Settled, permanent eapbian, to dwell, to inhabit eapeyoiS "i eapjrotS > difficult eapfoShc J eaprcSner, a difficulty eap);o)Ju, difficulties eajij, weak, timid eap-geblonb, the sea Gapm, an arm 6apm, wretched, poor eapming ) the miserable, the epming J wretched eapmlic, miserable eapmlice, wretchedly, meanly eapmiS 1 CopmB > poverty, calamity epm« 5 eapnian, to labour, to earn eapnuns, a means, a deserving, an earning eaj*, the east eaj-cep, Easter eapE-peapb, eastward ea'Smeban, to adore, to be moved with adoration CatSmeb, humble Cap, oh ! 6ax, an axis ebban, to ebb, to recede ebbe, the ebb, the receding of water Cce, eternal ecs, an edge eblean, a reward ebmpian, to renew ebpceayc, a new creation ebpiC, a reproach efen-beophc, equally bright epie, even ejrnlic, equal CpC, again epj-cuman, to come again, to re- turn ege, fear ege-pill, terrible egej-a, terror egephc, horrible, terrific eghan, to ail, to grieve egop-j-Epeam, the sea 6hcan, to pursue elb, an age, time elbaf, men. See ylb eibpan, parents, ancestors eibung, delay ellen, courage, fortitude ellenbe, a foreign land eilep, else 61penb, an elephant eijieobis, foreign embe-Sypban, to encompass Cmlice, equally, evenly Cmn J emnej even, smooth, equally Gmman, to make equal Cmca, leisure Cnbe, an end enbSner}-^--"^"^-'^ enbebypban, to set in order enbebypbhce, orderly enbeleap, endless, infinite enbemefE ) ^ enbian, to end engel, an angel enshj-c, English eojrel, evil 6opl, an earl, a chief eoptShc, earthly eopjian-pceac, the earth eoplS-pape, an inhabitant of the earth eopian, to show eopp, your. See ))U GLOSSAET. 369 ejilan, to plough, to till erne, a man CfC, a decree Ccaxi, to eat ej>e, easy ejjel, a country, soU, a native place ejiebce, easily ej)el-)-Col, the metropolis e^nej-, favour, easiness F. Facn, deceit, a stratagem Faebep, a father F»inmn"} '° "J"^"*' *° "^^^ ^" Faegep, fair Fjegepnef, fairness, beauty Fsepbu, colour Fsepelb, a waj', a course, a going Fsepinga, suddenly Faeplice, suddenly Fsej-fc, fast, firm, constant, sure F8ep;an, to fast FaefSe, firmly Fsej-ten, a fastness, a citadel Faej-chc, firm, constant Faej-Clice, firroly Fasj-icnej-, firmness Faef OTian, to fasten Fsej-B-pseb, inflexible FaefC-psebhc, constant FaerE-paebner, a fixed state of mind, resolution Fagian, to vary Famis, foamy Fana, a temple Fanbigan, to try, to explore, to find out Fac, a vessel Feapa ) Fealban, to furl, to fold up Feallan, to fall Fealpian, to ripen Feapn, fern Feapp, a bull Feban, to feed Fej:ep, a fever Fela I Fecial ™"y Felb, a field FelS, a felly Felsun, a dunghill Fenn, a fen Feoh, money Feoh-jitj-epe, a covetous man Feonb J „ , Fienb \ * °^"°' '"' ^nemy Feop ] Feopjian vfar Fiep J Feope"] Feoph Mife Flop J Feoppan, to prolong, to go far Feop'5, the fourth Feopep, four Feopep-healp, the four sides Fepb-monK Fypb-mon ) Fep«*}*^™°'^ Fep^-loca, the breast Fee, fat, fed FeCel, a belt FeJ^e, walking, the act of going on foot Fian > . V 1 FiosanJ*'"'^'^ Fiepen-pil, ivicked, full of crimes Fiep-pete, four feet Fipel-pCpeam, the Fifel stream Fipca, the fifth Finban, to find Fingep, the finger Fioung, hatred Fiopep-peS, four-footed Fipap, men 370 GIOSSAET. Fipj-e, a space of time FippeB-seopn, being luquisUws Fij-c, a fish Fircian, to fisli Fijnca, physica, physics FiCS, a song 'Fliefc, flesh risBj-clic, fleshly MeosanT rieon ^ to fly, to flee, to fly from Phon J Fleopan, to flow Phonbe, fleeting FliEan, to coatend Flob, a flood Flop, a floor Fobbep, fodder Folc, a people Folc-cu'S, known to nations, cele- brated Folc-sep'iS, a nobleman Folc-gepm, battle-fray Folcipc, the vulgar, a man Folban-j-ceaE, the earth Folb-buenb, an inhabitant of the earth Folbe, the ground, the earth Folja^, service Folgepe, a follower, an attendant Fon, to take, to undertake; to begin Foji, for Fopbaepan, to, forbear, to allow^ to pass over Fopbsepnan, to burn, to burn up Fopbrotan j *° ^°''^'^ '° ■■'^*''"° FopbepfEan, to burst Fopbpeban, to prostrate^ to over^ throw Fopbugan, to avoid Fopceapan, to bite off FopcuS, wicked Fopcu^pa, inferior FopcpBeJ'an, to censure Fopcyppan, to avoid Fopbon, to destroy Fopbpipan, to drive out Fopbpisan, to dry up Fopbpilman, to confound Fopealbian, to wax old Fope-m»pe, eminent, illustrious Fope-mseplic, eminent Fope-msepnep, renown Fopepceapian, to foreshow, to fote- see FopepceapunS, foreshowing, provi- dence, foreknowledge Fojiepeupenep,, dishonour Fopepppsec, a defence Fopepppeca, an advocate Fopepppecen, forespoken Fope-Eacn, a foretoken Fope-heneean ) to despair, to dis- Fope-J>encan 5 trust Fope-Jjingian, to plead for, to de- fend Fope-Jjonc, forethought, provideaee' FopeBiohhuns, predestination Fope-piEan, to foreknow Fopgipan, to forgive, to give FopgiEan, to forget Fopsylban, to recompense Fofihealban,, not, to keep, to lose, to withhold Fophelan, to conceal Fophepegian, to lay waste, to de- stroy Fophosian, to neglect FophSian J to, frighten, to be FophEigan J afraid Fophpyppan, to pervert, to change for the worse Fofilseban, to conduct, to mislead FoplaeSan ) to permit, to relinquisly FopleBan f to lose, to leave Fopleopan, to lose Fopligan, to commit formcation Foplopen, lost FoplupElice, gladly, willingjy I'op™ (first Fopma ) Fopneah, almost Fopon, before Fopmynel, forerunner Foppcesppan, to transform FoppceoEan, to anticipate Foppeapian, to wither Foppeon, to overlook, to despise GtOSSAET. 371 Fopj-lajiian, to be slow, to be un- willing Fopj-lean, to slay Fopffcanban, to withstand, to under'- stand, to avail Fopj-tehan, to steal Fopj^jelSan, to swallow up Fop)-pii5ian, to pass over in silence Fop«, forth I'op>am ) for that reason, be- Foptsemtej cause Fop'Sbpmsan, to bring forth, to pro- duce, to accomplish ]?opS-j:opl8BCenep, free permission, license Fop'S-gejiitai), to depart, to die FopSpa, further, worse FopJ>piccan, to oppress, to tread under ropJ>y, therefore Foptpujjian, to be presumptuous, to be over-confident FopCpupung, presumption Foppeopman, to refuse !Foppeop{>au j to be undone, to PoppupJ'an 5 perish Foppeop'Spillic, excellent Foppypb, destruction, damage Foppypnan, to forewarn Foj-tep-f »bep, a foster-father Foftep-mobop, a foster-mother Foe, a foot Fox, a fox Fpam, from Fpam-gepiean, to depart Fpea, a lord Fpea-bpihcen, a supreme lord Fpecen \ Fpecenbhcf ^^ g^„„3 Fpecenhc ( ° Fpecn ) Fpecennej-, danger, peril Fpejpian, to comfort Fpegnan 7 to ask, to inquire, to Fpigman J know by asking Fpemb, foreign, outer Fpeme, profit, advantage Fpemeb, a stranger Fpemman, to effect, to do, to per- petrate 2 Fpeo 1 Fpeoh I Fpig )■ free Fpio Fpeobomi"): Fpiobom > freedom Fpybom j Fpeolice, freely Fpeolpan, to set free ; p. p-gerpylfob Fpeonb I Fpienb > a friend Fpynb J Fpeonb-psebenn > , . , , . Fpeonbrcipe I foendship Fpi^, peace FpiJ>ian, to protect FpiS-ftop, an asylum, a refuge Fpojrep, consolation, comfort Fpom-peapb, away from, a depart- ing Fpuma, the beginning, the origin Fpum-]-ceaj!B, the origin, the first cause Fpum-ptol, an original station, a proper residence Fpym^, the beginning Fugel, a fowl, a bird Ful, foul, impure Fulfpemeb, perfect Fulppemebne)", perfection Fulfpemian ) to perform, to ac- Fuljrpemman J complish Fulgan, to follow up, to fulfil, to ac- complish ; perf. pul-eobe Full, full Fulhce, fully Fulluhe, baptism Full-pypcan, to complete Fulneah, nearly, fall nigh Ful-pihE, full right Fultpupian, to confide Fuleum, help Fulcamian, to help, to support Funbian, to strive, to try, to tend tc Fup, a furrow ^Pj"" \ moreover, also, besides Fup>um J ' Fyllan, to fill Fylft, help b2 372 GIOSSAET. Fyp, fire Fypen, fiery Fypme)-t, at all, at moat Fypji, far Fypr, furze Fyptpian, to support, to promote ISabepian ) to gather, to join, t° lisebpian J resort Ijabepeans, continuous, united Leelan, to astonish, to hinder tsep)", grass liajrol, tribute Lalan, to sing Trslbop, an incantation I>alnej', last teamen, sport, pleasure Han ) . tanganr'S" taprecg, the ocean ISa]-E, the soul, the spirit Eraffclic, ghostly, spiritual Ita)"tlice, spiritually teacpan, to aslt, to find out by asking liea&op, together teblban*"! *° "'''''^' '" '^"'^ ^" Erean&pyp&an, to answer teap, the year Keap-maelum, yearly eapa / fgnngfiy^ certainly neapro'S, diificult teapo, prepared, ready teapo-pita, intellect, understanding lieappian, to prepare Geafcuns, asking, inquiry teaC-peapb, a gatekeeper Jjebsepan, to behave tebeacman, to point out, to nod tebeb, a prayer Irebeb-man, a beadsman, a man em- ployed in prayer tebelgan, to be angry tebephcan, to enlighten Cebecan, to improve, to make amends Kebicsan ) nebycgan J ' Kebibban, to pray Kebinban, to bind I^eblenban, to blend, to mingle, to pollute liebhjTian, to rejoice &ebob, a command tiebpseban, to spread Gebujan, to bend Gebypb, birth, family, origin Ijebypian, to happen, to come to pass Keceoran, to choose ; p. p. Jecopen Geceppan ) to tarn, to have re- Gecyppan J course to Geclsenj-ian, to cleanse Gecnapan, to know, to discover Ijecoplic, fit, proper tecunbelic ) natural Lecynbelic J Erecynb, nature, kind, manner tecynbe, natural tecynbehce, naturally Erecyjjan, to make known Xiec^t>e, a country liebl Gib y a song GybJ Gebapenhc, seemly tebal, a separation Gebejre, fit, suitable Gebon, to finish, to complete Gebptepne)" f Gebpepebnep >■ trouble Gebpepnej- ) tebpepan, to disturb Gebpelan ) to mislead, to deceive, Gebpeligan ) to seduce Gebpola, error, heresy Gebpol-mifE, the mist of error teeapman } ^^ ^^ ^^^^^.^ Geeapnigan J ' Geeapnung, merit, desert Geecan, to make addition Geebnipian, to renew Geenbebypban, to set in order Geenbian, to end, to finish GLOSSAET. 373 &een&oblic, that which will end teeopian, to discover, to show tejagen, glad Geyapan, to go, to travel, to die tefea, joy, gladness tejreSan i to join, to unite, to com- tejregean J pose tefelan, to feel lief eohc, a fight, war Xieyejia, a companion liejreppseben, companionship Ijefepfcipe, a society Gere'Snan > . . liepJ.ei.ianr°S've wings liefht, a contention tefon, to receive, to take, to catch terpeban, to feel IjejTiebnej-, the feeling liejrpseSe, mind, opinion tefpaBge, celebrated tefpeban, to perceive ISefpemian, to finish, to fulfil, to perpetrate tefpeogan, to set free liejrulcumian, to help liej^Uan, to fill, to fulfil, to satisfy tejTpn, long ago GejryplJpian, to promote, to improve tesabepian 1 ^ ^^ ^^ ^^;t Eesabepung, a gathering, a collec- tion teslengan? j^ tlengan S tesongan, to pass through liegpapian, to touch liespipan, to seize liegypian, to clothe; p. p. gegepeb Lehacan, to promise liehsBftan, to bind, to enslave liehealban, to hold, to keep, to pre- serve tehebe, seized tehelpan, to help, to assist Gehencan, to pursue, to seize Eeheopan \ Gehepan ( ^^ ^ ^^ ^bey Lehipan ( Gehypan ) Gehepeb, heard, applauded Gehepenb, a hearer Gehepnej-, the hearing Gehicjan > to seek after, to regard, Gehycjan J to discover Gehipan, to form Gehpeoj-an, to fall Gehpinan, to touch GehpEeS ) Gehpilc I ^'-^'y ""<= GehpaeJ>eper, everywhere Gehpibep, everywhere Gehyban, to hide Gehyppum, obedient Gehyppumnep, obedience GehyppC, adorned Gelac, an assembly, a collection Gelanbian, to approach Gelseban, to lead Gelsepan, to teach, to instruct GelaepCan, to continue, to perform Geleapa, belief Geleappul, faithful Geleanian, to recompense ^^'^r*° ho believe Gelypan) Geleopnian, to learn GeletCan, to hinder, to cause delay Gehc, a likeness Gehc, like, suitable GeUce, likewise Gelicgan, to lie Gelunan, to cement, to unite Gelimpan, to happen Geh]>an, to sail, to move Gelome, often Gelonj, on account of Gelp-rcaJ>a, a proud wretch Gelypteb, pleased with, desirous of Gemcec, a yoke-fellow, a mate GemseSiS, greatness Gemcene, common, general Gemeenelice, in common Gemsepe, a boundary Gemseppan, to praise Gemag, a relation Gemal-msesene, a multitude 5?™^° I to attend, or care f or Gyman j Gemana, a company 374 GLOSSAET. ISeineapcian, to appoint, to deter- mine bounds temelert, negligence Ifenien, care temensan, to mix, to mingle, to form liameB, measure Lemec, docile, meet, suitable temeean, to meet, to find temecjrsej-E, modest, moderate temeS^ian, to moderate, to regulate Eremecgung, moderation, measure Lemetlic, suitable, fit, moderate I^emong, among Gemoc, an assembly ISemunan, to remember Gemunbbypban, to protect temynb, memory temynbgian, to remember temynbfjjjj'e, memorable, worthy of remembrance teneahfne, near Hreneeileecan, to approach Lenehan, to subdue ISeniman, to take, to conceive GenohJ S"ffi<='8°*ly' enough tenyban, to compel tenyhc, abundance V- > formerly, anciently teoc, a yoke teocj-a, a sighing I^eolecao, to allure ISeom^ung, lamentation teompe, sorrowful teomjiian, to grieve, to momm Eeonb, through, over teonb-lihsaB, to enlighten Iieonb-)-cinan, to shine throngh teonb-plisan, to Joolt over, sar be- yond Geopeniaii, to open lieojin, desirous I/eopnjrull, desirous, anxious, diligent lieopnpilkce, very earnestly teopnjnilner, earnestness, anxiety tinSn"!*" ^^'"^ anxiously, to w * I yearn Iiipnan J •' lieopnlic, earnest lieopnlice, studiously, earnestly EteopCpnpian, to despair . lieoE\ tet f . tiE P^' . ' teotan, to melt, to pour Eepab, consideration, a candition Gepab, considered, constituted Ijie)>abfcipe, prudence ISepaecan, to seize Tieptsye, distracted tepeapan, to take by force Lepeapan, to bind tepee, government, conreotiaB, skill £epecan ) to say, to instruct, to KepecCan ) prove, to subdue Iiepechce, widely, diffusely ajelal^^^^^^' Gepenian, to adorn trepenii, ornaments t^'^-hcl ^^^^' * ^^^^'^ 5^1".^*^! suitable, right, fit liepim, a number Gepij-enlic, suitable liepij-enlice, suitably, fitly tiepij-man, to agree, to suit Gepum, space Gepyman, to layifaste GefaQuiian ) to unite, to collect to- Gej-omnian J gebher Gerapgfflib, afflicted, grieved; p. ,p. j-apsjan Gej-aelan, to happen Gej-seliice, ihappily, prudently Gej-ceab, reason liej-ceabpij-bce ) ' GLOSSARY. 375 nerceabplfhcj """"•"'al, intelligent Ixej-ceabpij-ue)-, reason tej-ceajc, a creature tiej-ceapen, formed j p. p. j-cyppan tej-ceapian, to view, to regard Gej-ceuban, to corrupt Iie]"cinan, to shine, to shins npon tej-cjiifan, to appoint, to ordain tefcylban, to shield, to defend tej-cyjipeb, clothed ; p. p. aj-cyjipan lieTecan, to seek tej-eon, to see liej-etan, to say, to prove tej-ecner, ^^ appointment, an insti- tution tej-etcan, to set, to compose, to compare Eerepenlie, visible liej-ibliee, peaceaWy Erepbfuma, peace-loving tepehjje "] tephc Y the sight nej-ih« J tepS, a companion liej-oninuns, an assembly liej-Sanban, to stand, to attack, to press upon Gej-caJjeUau ) to establish, to make tej-cajjolian J steadfast tej-tseppan, to go, to step, to ap- proach GefTBe'SJ'iS, stable, steadfast tej-agan, to ascend tej-tillan, to stop, to restrain, to be still tej-fcincan, to smell tefCeopan" Geffciopan teflypan tej^onban, to confine IieftpauSian, to strengthen tejejiynan, to gain, to obtain, to to guide, to rule, to cotrect CejTinb, sound, safe, secure liejTinbpillice, securely, prospe- rously Kej-unbfulne)-, health, prosperity Gej-unbpian, to separate tejTencan, to 0B.iet tefpican, to cease, to desist Gej-pmc, affliction, tmuble, labour liefpilSpian, to subdue rjejTUrtep, a sister tieryngian, to sin I^eea, as yet, again t^eacnian, to betoken tieSEecan, to teach, to explain, to show Ilrecselan, to accuse, to reprove TietdStye, meet ; sup. gettefoj-t Gecenge, heavy Heeense, happened T^^n ] '° ^''^''' ^ ^""^^"^ Geteopian, to grow weary GeJ'apa, one who assents tej^ajrian, to assent, to allow IieJ>anc ) ., , . tebohc I *''°"g'^' • lle>apeneb, wetted tej'eahfc, counsel, purpose te^eahCepe, a counsellor Ere^encan ) to think, to consicler, to liej'moan 3 remember EeiJeoban, to associate lieJ>eobe, a language tej^innan, to disperse tejiolian, to hear, to suffer lie)>popian, to suffer teSpnen, joined Ge^psenan, to moisten EretSpaep, conformable, agresSng, at peace Ge'Spaepelioe, harmoniously te^paepian, to adopt, to make con- formable IieJ>ylb, patience Gehylbehce, patiently liejjylbis, patient Geeiban, to happen Geciohhan, to determine, to appoint Gecpeope, true, faithful GeSpeophce, faithfully GeEpeopian, to conspire tetpymian, to encourage 376 GLOSSAEY. Ireunnan, to grant Ereunpotrian, to bti sorrowful, to be disquieted Iiepanian, to diminish Kepapeniau, to warn, to beware liepecan, to excite I^eptesan, to weigh down Iiepealble)>ep, a rein trepeb, madness Ijepehsian, to enrich liepelE-leJ'ep, a rein Ifepenian, to allure IJepeo|iJ>an, to be, to come to pass I^epeoj>]>ian, to make honourable, to distinguish tepexan, to grow, to accrue Lepibep, the weather ^^P^i a wish, the will Cepin, labour, a battle, war IrepiBna, an enemy t^pinnan, to conquer tepip, certain tepiplice, certainly Ijepic, understanding GepiS-leaj-, witless, foolish LepiE-Ioca, the breast Bepita, a witness tiepicaii, to depart tepitnep, knowledge liepleee, debased teppic, a writing teppixl, a change, a course of events Cepuna, a custom, wont tepunelic, wonted, usual ISepunian, to be wont liepunjTim, pleasant ISepypcan, to make tepypcan, to wish Kibbian, to sing Kiepan, to prepare Cipan, to give tipenbe, giving tipepner, greediness tipol, bountiful tijpe, greedy, anxious liifu, a gift ijiSanc, a giant I^ilp, arrogance Hilpan, to boast tim ~] tim-cyn V a jewel, a gem tim-cynnj liimeleps, negligence tim-peceb, a palace CinpsepE, ample t^in^pa, a youngster, a scholar Ijiogo^hab, the season of youth I^iomop, sad tripcian, to sigh, to sob tipe-la-Sepe, yes, yes ! tispian, to desire, to covet Itifcrunc) . , . KitTunsr ™°''' ^'"^ Erlab, pleasant Hsep-hlnepu ) glass-clear, trans- ISlap-hlu)>pe J parent Ueap. skilful, prudent Uengan, to adorn Khban, to glide, to slip Uiopian, to sing IShopopb, a song, metre ISnsee, a gnat &nopnian, to lament, to grieve, to groan Knopnuns, lamentation I^ob, God Tiob, good I^oba, a Goth Hobcunb, divine t^obcunbelice, divinely Erobcunbnyp, deity, divine nature Kobnep, goodness Irijlb, gold Holb-hopb, a hoard of gold £olb-pmi%, a goldsmith Kpap an, to dig, to delve Kpain, fierce, enraged Hrpapian, to grope ll]i»Si greji green Hpeac, great Ejiene, green Kpenian, to become green nrl^tan^'S'^^''*"^*^-^' lipim, grim GLOSSAET. 377 Irpoc, a particle, an atom Gpopan, to grow tpunb, ground, earth, bottom lipunb-leaj-, groundless, unfathom- able tpunb-peal, a foundation tnymetan > . tpymetisan I *° S™"'' *" ™" Ijuma, a man lium-pinc, a leader ISulS, a conflict tybeue, a goddess tylban, to pay tylben, golden tylc, guilt Eryej-epe, a miser ))abban, to have »abpe[^"S'^''=^'^^°^ JJaeji, detained J>»rtebom, captivity ]>»i ) JJselo [ health )>«elu) Dselja, light ?>sBmeb-))ins, cohabitation JJsepenb, an errand HiitpjefZ, harvest )>»plic, laudable Jit^y, a command JJaetS, heath, heather )>»to, heat )>al, sound, hale JJalig, holy, a saint San h"!'"''. to beseech ^am, a home, a house J>am-J8ej-E, an inhabitant ^angian, to hang )>ap, hoary JJapa, a hare )>at, hot ^atan, to call, to name, to command |>atheoptner, hot-hearteduess, anger, fury )>atian, to hate )Jiape, sight, aspect )>ie > he, any one, it IJeajb, a head JJeayob-beah, a crown Reah^'^'Sli; comp. )>yhpe; sup. i>eaner'"(''''sM, highness J)eah-pebep, a great tempest IJeal, a hall Dealan, to heal ; imp. T>al IJealban, to hold, to incline IJealjr, half )>eahc, high, exalted Reahce, highly Uealicop, more highly J>ean, needy, poof Jieanhc, vile, worthless IJeapb, hard J>eapbe, severely ; sup. JJeapbovc IJeapb-heopS, hard-hearted J>eapb-)-8ehs, unhappy IJeapb-paelS, a hard lot, unhappi- ness IJeapm, harm lieapm-cpibbigan, to speak ill of one ]>eapepa, a harp )>eappepe, a harper IJeappian, to play on the harp IJeappunj, harping )5ea)>epian, to restrain, to control )>ea))o-pinc, a chieftain, a noble Uebban, to raise, to lift up )>eps, heavy JJepgan, to be heavy or sad, to weigh down )>epShce, heavily, grievously Bepnep ) T^elan i i. , 5- to cover, to conceal lielban, to bend, to incline Kiell, Hell ' heaviness, sorrow 378 GLOSSAKY. JJell-papa, an inhabitant Of hell ]>elm, the head, the top of anything )>elma, a helm, or rudder J>elpan, to help )>enan, to oppose, to repress lien's, poverty, troable, punishment JJeofencunb, heavenly )>eoj:ian, to mourn )>eoj:on, heaven 7)eojon-Sojic, heavenly bright Reopoc, a hart JJeopj-umian, to obey )>eopB, a hart, a stag lieopSe, the heart )>ep, here J>epan, to obey )>epe, a crowd, an army )>epe, fame Depeb, a court, a family )Je]ie-Sea6, a weapon JJepe-pinc, an enemy Uepe-tema, a chieftain, a leaicier of an army "* )>epe-Soha, a consul, a kader ■ef an army Jiepepian, to despise si:}— ^ JJepian, to praSse )>epms praise, favour Jjeplic, glorious fiibep, hither )>ibpe)* Jjibpef, hither and thither l^igan, to hasten Jiige, the mind, energy, care IJiSe-lBeft, heedless IJiSe-j-noEp, a wise mind JJigian J to strive, to think, to eu- )>ySian J deavour Jiig-j-cip, familyship ))ilbe, a battle Pimj-el):, himself 1^"^'^ Uence pionan J 7>mbaD, behind T>mbe, a hind )>inspian, to hunger )>iop, a hinge l^v* 8 C ^ protector, a ruler T>iy, his ]>ip, form, hue 7>ip-cuS, familiar IJipuog, pretence, appearance Weep, a mound, a barrow 7>la):opb, a lord lilajopb-j-cipe, lordship, government IJleahCep, laughter )>leoJ)op, a sound )>lH"a, fame, report l^lij-eabig, celebrated lilij-eabigner, celebrity J>lub, loud )>lufcep, clear )>lyrtan, to listen TJnteppian, to rest, to lie JJnej-c, soft, tender IJnipan, to bend JJoSian, to be desirous, to be anxious 7>ol, a hole J>olb, faithful J>olm, the ocean )>ol£, a wood, a grove )ionb, the hand Dopa, hope l>opian, to hope J>opa)'eaJ>e, a sink )>opb, a hoard, a treasure Popb-gertpeon, a treasure J>ofp, reproach, derision JJpseb, ready, swift Upaebiic, speedy IJpaeblice, speeffily, quicMy T^pseb-fepaef, a swift course Upaeb-paene, a chariot ^pjBjjel, a garment, apparel JJpeoran, to fall Ppeoj-e, violently approachiBg, e/ij- a storm )>peop, cruel, troubled TJpeopan, to rue, to repent Upeoppan, to rue, to be sorronifol lipepan, to agitate, to lift up JJperCan, to lie down GLOSSAET. 379 Wpejiep, the mind l>jaoh, rough y>lioy, a roof, the top of anything JJpojr-raej-s, roof-fast, fern )>pon-mepe, a whale-pond, the sea )>pop, prone, bent down )>pu)-e, the earth JJjiype, min TJumeta, how, in what manner )>unb, a hound, a dog )>unb-niSonCiS, -ninety Jiunbpeb, a hundred ]>unb-)-eoj:ouas, seventy K>unig, honey TJunCa, a hunter JJunnan, to hunt J>upu, at least ]5uj-, a house JJuj-ep-hipbe, a keeper Kpa, who, any Upac, brave )>p8Br, which, what )>psBCe, wheat J>paeJ)ep, whether, either JJpteJjpe, nevertheless ]>pses>h]jesa, a little, in some mea- sure Upset-hpesanmisej-, in some mea- sure, in some degree IJpealfa, expanse, convexity ftn i *" ti^f °> t" 'ii^ii round, TJeppau ° 3 *° '^P'^'^*' *° ""'^"^ IJpeappmS, incoiLStaucy, change- ableness Upelc, any )>pene, a little )5peol, a wheel Upepfhc, changeable JJpibpe, whither )>pile, a while, time Upilenblic, for a tinre, temporary ]>pilum, sometimes . )>piS, white gP"" [a little, SP<'°*°Uhenee,how Ppone, any one JJponne, when somewhat conceal JJpuppulnep, changeableness )>pyppc, a circuit )5ybe, a hide, a skin Dyhelic, joyful, desirable )>yle, a hat of a sword Uypan, to hear, to obey )>ypian, to imitate )5ypnbe, horned, having a beak Uyppc, an ornament UyppEan, to adorn IJyppan, to deride, to re^'ile )>yrpms, reviling, reproach )>y%, a hayen I. Ic, I Ibel ) .,, Ibel-seopn I '^^^' ^^'" leglanb^ Iglonb '- an island Ilanb J lelb, old. See ealb, comp. lelbpa, sup. lelbepC lie, the same Immebeme, unworthy, imperfect Inc, you Incqjra, the mind, the breast Ineppe, provision Innan}*"™''"" Ingehygb, intention, thought Ins*o^ I *■*""«'''' "^'^^ Inlice, internally, in itself Inna } .... I [■ withra Innan ) Innanpeapb ) . . Innepeapb J InnotS, the stomach Innung, that which is included Inpeapbhce, thoroughly, inwaidly Inpib-Jjonc J an inward thought, a Inpic-Jjonc J deceitful thougltt lob, Jove Ipnan, to run Ippian, to he angry 380 GLOSSAET. If, ice ips, icy I)>aciSe, Ithaca lu, formerly K. Kapepe, Cassar, an emperor Kunms, a king L. La, lo ! oh ! Lacan, to play, to sport Lacnian, to heal Labceop") L^tEeop>-^^'^'^"'^S"''^^ Lat)>iop } LsBce, a physician, a leech Lsece-cpaefC, the art of medicine, medicine Laece-bom, medicine, a remedy Lceban, to lead Ls&ben, Latin Laefan, to leave, to relinquish ^^"J^ I a reward Leenan, to lend Lsene, slender T anipl '""S ; '=<'™P- ^'°S! sup. £"f) lenser. L%jian, to teach Lbbj-, less Lsej-can, to follow Lsecan, to permit, to let go, to leave, to suppose Laj, the remainder, what is left Lasu, water LaSu-j:lob, ocean-flood LaSu-)-E;ieam, the sea, the ocean Lo°|e}l°°S,alongtime Lani5-j:8ep, long continuance Lansj-um, lasting, long Lap, learning, lore, admonition Lapeop, a teacher, a master Laj-S, at length Lace, late ; comp. laeop La's, hateful, hostile, destructive Lathee, horribly Leaf, permission, leave Leaf, a leaf Leahtep, a sin, a crime Leanian, to reward, to recompense L^af-lic^»'^«'l°°^^ Leaf-fpell, a fable Leaf-fpellunj, false opinions, false speaking Leafuns, lying Leax, a salmon Leccan, to moisten, to be wet Lecjan, to lay down, to lower Lef , left Les ) Lega >■ a flame Lis 3 Legau, to lay, to place Lenceen, Lent, the spring Leng, length LeonS^^'°" Leob-rcipe}^°''*'°°'^P^P'' Leob-fjmma, a leader, a chieftain Leob-haEa, a hater of people, 3 tyrant ' Leohc, light Leohfcan, to lighten, to make light T ^ > precious, beloved, dear Leopan "1 Libban | Lipan ^ to live Lipsan I Lybban J LeofCeel, estimable ' Leofpenb, beloved, acceptable Leojan, to tell a lie, to deceive , Leoma, a ray of light T >j f a verse, a poem, a lay Leo^pyphta, a poet LeE&an, to hinder GLOSSABT. 3S1 Libbenbe, living Lichoma} "^« ^°^y LiceECan t '" pretend, to dissemWe Ligan^C *° ''*' '° extend Lichamlice) , ,., LichomIiceF°'''^y Lician, to please, to like LicpyptJ, worthy of esteem Lijr, life Lijrep, the liver Ligee, lightning; pi. lygetu Lihtan, to shine, to give light Lim, a limb Limplice, fitly Linb-pigenb, a warrior with a shield Li)-an, to collect, to gather Lij-j-e, favour LifC, science, skill, power LifCujn, skilfully TftS, a cup Li'S, mild Lilian, to sail LitS-mon, a sailor Lixan, to shjne Locen, an enclosure, bounds Locian, to look, to see Lof, praise Lonbej--ceofil, a husbandman Loppe, a fiea Lopan, to lose, to perish, to go away Lot, a lot, deceit, craftiness IiOC-ppenc, deceit Lox, a lynx Lujre, love Lupan, to love Lupenb, a lover Lungpe, forthwith, quickly Luj-c, desire, pleasure, lust Lu)'6-basji, cheerful Luft-baepe, desirous Luj-t-b»phce, delightfully, with delight Luj-c-baepner, happiness, desire Lurslice, willingly, joyfully LufCum, willingly Luean, to incline Lyccan, to pluck up Ly];an, to permit Ziyft, the air Lyj-fcan, to wish, to choose, to be pleased with Lyc, little Lyceg, crafty Lyeel ) little, small; comp. hey, sup. LySle J 1bb)"C Lytehce, deceitfully Lyclian, to diminish, to lessen CD. CDacian, to make, to form, to do QO»ben, a maiden CDsegen, virtue, strength, might, power TOoegen-cpaeft, chief strength CDceSen-j-San, a huge stone CDaegn, power CDtegtS, a maiden, a country, a tribe, a kinsman COae^-hab, virginity CDseg-plite, a species, a form CDael, a space of time CDaenan > to mean, to intend, to CCenan J lament CDsemgu^ ;S-fsL crowd, many CDenigu ) CCsejia, famous, celebrated, great ; sup. CC»po]-C ^^- J excellent CDaejjlic, noble CDaepj-an, to be celebrated CDaepS, greatness, glory, praise ; pi. miracles CD8e)-B, a mast CCsej-B, most, greatest. See CDycel CDsecan, to dream CDseS, measure, degree, condition, lot CDag, a relation COagan, to be able CDagifcep, a master CDago-pmc, a citizen, a man 382 OLOSSAET. CDan, sin, wickedness, evil, disease CDan, sinful, wicked CDan-pill, full of wickedness CDaman, to admonish CDanis-pealbhc, complicated CDannian, to people,, to fill with men CDan'Spsepe, gracious CDapa, greater. See CDycel ODape, more CDaptyp, a martyr CCa^m, a vessel CDa^m-hypbe, a treasurer fQ^^j.*' J strength, might, power CDeapc, a boundary, a territory CDeapcian, to mark, to mark out CDeajipian, to err CDece, a sword CDeb, meed, reward CDefeeme, worthy, desirable, perfect CDebemhce, worthily CDebemnef, dignity CDe&Epumuej- 1 CDeCCjiumne)- ^ infirmity, weakness CDeCcpymnej- J CCelbian, to make known, to display, to inform against CDelo, meal CDengan, to mix CDengio, a multitude COenmrc ) j^^^ humanity CDenmj-cIic J •' CDeobum, meritorious CDeoz, dirt CDepe, a mere, a lake, water CDepe-jlob, the ocean CDepe-henSerE, a sea-horse, a ship CDepe-rKpeam, the sea-stream, the ^^PS« j Joyful, I, merry CDupge Xepj*e, a marsh CDeEan, to meet, to find, to observe CDetan, to measure, to mete, to com- pare CDeCe, meat . CDeSgian, to mete, to moderate, to rule CDetgiinS, moderation CDetob, the Creator ^^^^j I much, great CDicelhc, great CDicelnej-, greatness CDiclej", much CDiclum, greatly CDib ) .,, CCi« I ^'"' CCibban-eapb J the earth, an en- CDibban-geapb 3 closure CDibbepeapb, midward CDibbel, middle CDibfephS, middle age CDibgehealban, to satisfy COiblej-s / midmost, middle class, CDibmefS $ middle CDib-ope, the middle region CDib-pmeep, mid-winter, Christmas CDihte. See CDajgan CDihcig, mighty CDihtashce, mightily, powerfully CDilb, mild, merciful CDilb-heopC, merciful CDilb-heojirne)-, mercy CDilbpan, to have mercy, to pit CDilbf ung, mercy, pity • CDilEpe, mercy CDm, mine CDinbgian, to advise, to remind CDipcan, to mix, to dispose CDif-cyppan, to wander CDifbseb, a misdeed CDirhpeppan, to pervert JE'l-'^f I various CDij-dicJ CDipS, a mist CDiJ>an, to conceal tCob, the mind CDobep ■J CDobop > a mother CDobup J ODobig, proud CDobilic, magnanimous CDob-f ejra, the mind, the mind's sense COolbe, the earth CDona, the moon GLOSSA.ET. 383 remind CDona^ i CDon'S Ja^^ontli CDoncyn, mankind CDop, a moor CDopgen, the morning, CDopsen-j-Ceoppa, the morning star CDoptioji, murder OToj-fc, must CDoC, must, can CDunt, a mount, a mountalm CDunC-giop, the Alps,, the mourtt. of Jupiter CDupnan, to mourn, to care for, to regard CDuj-, a mouse CDuj-c, must, new wine ecu's, a month CDynegian 1 . CDyugian j CDynla, inclination CDyncan, to propose CDypS^ J pleasure, delight CDyjian, to hinder CDypS, pleasure N. Nabban, not to have Nacob, naked Nsebpe, a serpent Naeneg, none Nsej-j-e, a promontory S*'^* I the nave of a wheel Nagan, not to have or possess Nahc f Nauhc > naiight, nothing NapuhS J Nahey, not at all Nallaf, not only Nama, a name Nan, none Nac, i.e. ne-paC. See piCan Naujiep, neither Neabinga, necessarily Neah] Nean ^nigh, near Neap J NihC I'^'S^^ Neajia \ Neapepi Neapopp^""^' Neappa ) Neapanep, trouble, distress Neapep, straitly Neapepnep, anxiety Neappian, to straiten Neac T NeEn > cattle, a beast NysenJI NecerS C P'^^senee, neighbourhood Neb, the face Ntbe I "^t^^ssarily Neob^eapp^""^^' "^-^^ssity, ne- Nib-J-eapF 5 ""''"^ Nemnan, to name, to mention Neob-fpsece, voluntarily Neob-jjeappe, necessaries NeoSen, cattle, a beast of burden Neojian, beneath Neo)>epa, lower, inferior N'p°r*}p™='™*^ Nepfan"}"'P'^^=^'^^^ Nepgenb, a saviour ; participle of Nepgean Nepe nepe, no, no ; by no means Net V Nectr"'' Netelic, beastly N^ban \ '° <=<""?«'' '° ^""^"^e Niean ) . Niionr"'* Niman, to take, to take away, to assume, to adopt NioJ>op, lower Ntran|°°**o^'^<"^ Nijjemept, lowest, nethermost nSiic}*"™''"'^''''"" NiJ>ep-healb, dowuwardsi 384 GLOSSAET. Slpane} "^™'y Nipe, new Nap's, north NojiS-enbe, north-end NojtS-feft, north-west Nopjjepeajib, northward Noc, use, enjoyment NoEian, to enjoy, to possess, to occupy Nu, now Nu-pihte, just now, straightway Nyb-ijeapp, necessary, needful Nyllan, to be unwUling Nye, purpose, use Nyt, perfect NyZ-pfjtS, useful O. Or, of Ojrabon, to remove, to do away Ofateon, to draw out, to remove OfbeaSan, to kill, to strike Ojbecuman, to come from Ojrbael, a fall, a setting Ojbselpe, more prone Ojbune, downwards, down Ojep, a bank Ojep, beyond Ofepbpseban, to overspread Ofepcuman, to overcome Ojepbpencan, to be drunk Ojepfapan, to pass by, to pass over OpepfyU, intemperance Ojepgan } to pass over, to pass OpepsanSan J away Ojrepheopan, to disobey Opephogian, to despise Of ephyb, a high mind Opeping, superfluity Orenmeeea ( high-mindedness, ar- r, ' < rogance, too much OjepmetEo^ food Opepmobnej-, scorn, arrogance Ojreppecan, to instruct Ojepptel'S, superfluity, too great prosperity Opepreoii, to look down upon Ofepj-eSEan, to cover Opepjtseppan, to overstep Oj:eprpi)>an, to overcome Opepteon, to cover over, to over- whelm Opepl'eapp, great need OpepJ)eon, to excel, to surpass Opeppinnan, to overcome Opepppeon, to cover over ; part. opepppigen OpgepiSan, to depart C^henan, to take away Oppnan, to run ofi', to outrun Opletan, to let out Oplyr S, desirous of C^munan, to remember C^ceamian, to shame, to be ashamed Oppion, to see, to behold Oppicean, to oppress Opplean, to slay, to kill, to cut off OppniJ>an, to cut off Opppelgan, to devour Opt, often OpCeon, to draw off, to deprive Op]>incan, to bethink Op)>piccaii, to oppress Optpseb, frequent Oppunbpob, astonished Oleccan, to flatter, to allure, to cringe, to gratify Olecung, flattery, allurement Ons&lan ) to inflame Onhselan y Onbipigan ) Onbypsan ^ot^ste OnbiEan, to bite, to tastB of Onblaepan, to blow upon Onb jpban, to animate, to encourage Oncepjian 7 to turn from, to turn Oncyppan J back, to change Oncnapan K„ k„<,„ Oncneopan J OncpeJ>an, to reply, to echo Onbgic, mind, understanding Onbpseban, to dread, to fear Onbppope, an answer GLOSSAET. 385 On-eajibian, to dwell in On-ecnejTe, for ever Onettan, to hasten Onpnban, to find, to discover Onjon, to receive, to accept Onsean, against Onginnan, to begin Onsitan, to perceive, to know, to understand Onhagian, to be at leisure, to be unoccupied Onhelban, to incline OnhmSan, to bow down, to incline Onhpejian, to stir up Onhpman, to touch Onhpeajifan } to change, to go Onhpeoppan J away Onhypian, to imitate Oninnan, within Ompnan, to run, to move Onlacan, to sport Onlapt, at last, at length Onlsenaii, to lend OnleeCan, to relax Onleosan, to belie, to falsify Onhc, like Oulicnef, a likeness Onlieran, to liberate OnlihCau J to enlighten, to shine OnlyhBan ) upon, to shine Onlucan, to unlock Onlutan, to incline Onpacan, to deny, to retort, to reply Onfcuman, to shun Onpen, an aspect Onj-iSan, to descend, to sink OnptEan, to press down, to beset Onj-Cyjiian, to agitate, to excite Onpinbpon, apart OnjTnp an, backwards Oncisan, to untie, to unloose OnJ>once, delightful Onptecnian, to awaken, to excite Onpenban, to change, to turn aside Onppecan, to revenge, to punish OnppiJ>an, to reveal Onpunian, to dwell, to inhabit Open, open, exposed, clear, evident Opemlice, openly, plainly Opcnman, to overcome ; contracted from opepcuman Opb-ppuma, the origin, the author Opealb, old Opelbo, old age Opgellice, arrogantly oUrrel-rmuch Opmob, distracted in mind, dejected Opmobnef, mental disease, madness, Opfops, secure, prosperous OpfoJInef } '"=""*y' P'osP«rity Ocepan, to appear OKpan"}*"*???^""'*"'^"^ 0)>ep, another OJjep, otherwise OiSpaepban, to commit, to trust, to sow OtSpman, to touch OtSpacan, to deny OSpEanban, to stand still O'Ste, or OSpiCan, to blame, to reproach Papa, the Pope PaS, a path Peappoc, a park Pe'SJjian, to make a path, to tread Plancian, to plant Plega, play, sport, pastime Plegjan, to play Pleo 1 Pleoh > peril, danger Pho J Phohc, dangerous Ppicu, a prick, a point R. Racenea, a chain Racu, rhetoric, a discourse, an ex- planation Rab, a ridmg Riecan, to reach Rseb, a discourse, counsel, advantage C 386 G'LOSSAET. Reeban, to read, to govern, to decree REebeI]-e, a riddle, imagiiiatioii, am- biguity ReeSi, a garment, clothing Rsepan, to bind Rsej-S, rest, repose Bsj-pian, to think, to jneditate Rap, a rope BalSS, qoicldy Reats, red Reafepe, a spoiler Reapan, to rob, to take away Reajrlac, spoU, rapine Recan, to reckon, to count, to idete, to explain Recan ) to regard, to caire for, to ReccanJ direct, to goyern Kar'"h"'^«=^' -^^^^^^^ Reccelej-t > recklessness, careless- Recelej-C ) ness Reccepe, a rhetorician Recelf , incense Recenef immediately, straight RAthc}"S'''^y'J"="y Ren } Ryner™"=" Ren, rain Rebe C ^^^^''^i fierce, violent ReJiiS-mob, fierce in mind Ric, dominion, power Ric, rich, powerful, in authority Rice, a kingdom Ricpan, to rule, to reign Riban, to ride Rihcan, to correct, to instruct, to make right RihSe, immediately, straightway RihCenb, a ruler, a governor RihElic, just, regular, upright aSrhce \ "sMy, justly, wisely Rihfc-pellenb, right willing, wishing what is right Rihspif, rightwise, righteous Rihtpifner, justice, wisSoin, righte- ousness Riman, to number Rmc, a ^an, a warrior Rinb, the Ijark, the rind Bipa, a handful of com, a slieaf Ripe, ripe Bits ) .,, . , , „i^ > a nil, a rivulet, a river Rob, the rood, the cross Robop, the sky Romani)-c, Roman Ronb-beah, a boss Rofe, a rose Rum, wide, large, august Rume, widely Rumebhc, spacious Rumeblice, abundantly Rummob, bountiful Run-cojra, the breast, the inin4 Ryn, a roaring Rynan, to roar 8acu, strife Sabian, to be weary See, the sea SsB-clijr, the sea-cliff, the shore Saeb, seed Saegan ") Secgan > to say, to prove Began J Ssel, good Sdpa]^^^^"' comp. of j-el 8^} prosperity Ssene, dull, sluggisb Sse-fcilcB, one who ploughs the sen, a sailor Sam, whether 8om^}*°Sether, likewise Sampa, worse Sampabe, unanimously Samcenge)-, continually, inmie- diately Sampi)-, half-wise, unwise Samppsebnej", agreement, unity OIOSSAKT. §87 Sane 7 8ansP^™S San ) 8aji-c]nb, a sorrowful saying, a. mournful song Sapis, sorrowful, sorry Saphc, sorrowful, grievous Saplice, sharply, sorrowfully, sorely Saul) ,, , Sapl I *^ =<"^ Sapan, to sow Sce^ian^ *° ^^'^^' *° ^' ''^^^'^^^ Scanbhc } ., SceonbhcJ"'^''"'^'^^ Sceab, the shade, a shadow Sceajrc, creation Sceayt, a shaft Scealan, to owe, to be obliged to any one Scealc, a servant, a man Sceame, shame Sceamelea)-, shameless Sceapb, a shard Sceappner, sharpness Sceappfene, sharp-sighted SceaB, a region Sceajia, a robber, an enemy Sceapian, to behold, to view Sceapung, contemplation s'^^lbl * shield;, met. an army Scell, a shell Sceol, a gang, a crowd, a shoal Sceop, a poet Sceoppenb"^ Sceppenb )• the Creator, a maker Scippenb J SceopE) short; com. j-cypSpa; Scope J sup. rcypEerc SceoEan, to shoot Sciene, beautiful, shining Scylbisp , . ,., Scima, splendour, brightness, a ray 8ciman)j^gy„g Scinan ) Scinlac, magic Scip, a ship Sclp-feS^^'^'^'^'P' Scipj-Eypa, a pilot Scip, pure, clear, sheer Scolu, a school, a baud 8cpib])iBn, a chair of state Scpif an, to care for Scpi'S, a revolution Scucca, the devil Scyptan, to verge, to inelino Scylb, guilt, sin Scylban, to shield, to defend Scyl-pfc, a shellfish Scyppan, to create Scypmselum, confusedly Scyppan, to adorn, to sharpen SealE, salt Seapolice, artEuHy Seapu, a fraud SeaS, a well, a gulf Secau, to seek Sees, ^ warrior Sees, a speech Sejra, the mind SeyE, soft, quiet ^s:if}-^« Selan, to soil', to stain SelculS \ strange, extraordinary, SelbcuS 5 unknown Selbhponne 5 Selbum-hponne, sometimes SelepE, best ; superlative of pel Selp, self Selfhc, self-liking, self-love Selp-piU, self-will Sella, a giver Sellic, wonderful Senban, to send Seoc, sick Seopan ) ^^ „„ ,ai„ to bewail Siopan J SeojronEiS, seventy 388 GLOSSAHT. Seolocen, silken Seon, to see Settan, to set, to place, to arrange Siapo-cp8e];E, a skilful art Sib, peace, agreement, relationsbip SibfTunlice, peaceably Siccecuns, a sigh, sobbing Sicilia, Sicily Sib, wide, various g^j,^|acustom Siepan, to lie in wait, to plot SifCan, to sift Sijan, to sink down, to rust Sige, a victory Sige, a setting, declining Sigenb, thirsty Sise-^eob, a victorious nation Simle } , SymbelJ^'^'^y^ 8in, always Sin, his Sine, a heap Sinc-seof, a money gift 8m|ala} <=<>"«°°a'- las«°S Smgallice, perpetually Singan, to sing Sinj-cipe, wedlock Sine. See j)e)"an Sioca, a sick person Siofon, seven Sio];oJ>a, bran Sioloc, silk Siopian, to sew SiS, time, occasion, a path, an arrival Sttj-anl'^f'^'"'^*'"™"^^ SiCEan, to sit, to dwell Slaep^, sloth Slap, slow Slean, to slay, to strike, to cast or throw Siepan on, to slip on, to cast on SIiEan, to slit, to tear Ell's, changeable, inconstant Smal, small Smealic, subtle, deep, profound Smealice, deeply, profoundly Smean ) » . . . .... Smeasanr''"''!™'^' t° "'«an, to cut off SnytEpo, wisdom Sojree, softly, gladly Sol, mire Somne ) . ,, Toromner°^«*«'' Son, a sound Sona, soon, immediately Sonb, sand Sonbbeoph, a sand-hill Sonbcopn, sand, grains of sand Sojigian, to sorrow, to grieve, to be anxious So« "I So^a > true SoJ>anJ SoS-cpibe, a true saying, a maxim SoS-fsefC, just So'5-j!sertner, truth, sincerity SotJ-fpell, a true history Spaca, the spoke of a wheel Spanan, to urge, to allure, to excite, to seduce Speapca, a spark Speb, means, power, wealth, effect Spell, speech, language, discourse, argument Spellian, to speak, to teach Spigetean, to spit Sptliisanj '""g"^ Spop, a pursuit, a track Spptec, speech, language, subject of discourse Sppecan, to speak Sppingan, to spring GIOSSAEX. 389 Sppyttan, to sprout, to bud Scser) 8Car \ * ^'*^' * ''^"'^'^ SSan, a stone, a rock Stanban ) . ^ , , , 8conbany*°=**°'''t°''^ Stan-j-eapo-guu, a precious stone SEatJ, a shore SEaJjelian) . ..,."', ^ . 8ca>olian \ *° establish, to support Stajiol, a foundation 8ca>ol-j!Bert, stable, firm Sseap, a cup Steapc, stark, severe Ssebe, a place, a station Stemn, a voice Scemn, a stem, a trunk Steopa, a steerer, a pilot Sceopan I Sciopan i to steer, to direct SEipan J ' Sceopleaf, outrageous, without a guide, ignorant Sseoppa, a star SCeoppojjep, a rudder SCeopt, a tail Scepan, to raise, to honour Steppan, to step Scicce, a small matter Sciccian, to stick, to remain Scicel, a sting 8ciS, a path Stigan, to depart, to ascend SciUe, still, quiet, fixed Stilner, stillness, tranquillity Scmgan, to sting Stonbenbe, standing Scopm, a storm 8copm-]"8e, a stormy sea SEop, a place, a dwelling Stpseng \ Scpong ) Scpeam, a stream Sepeon, strength Scpican, to continue a course Scponshc, laborious, firm, power- ful Scunb, a space of time Scunian, to stun, to stun the ears, to beat against Scypian, to stir, to raOve, to agitate Scypienbe, moving StypinS, sturring, motion, experience Scypman, to be stormy SEypmenb, stormy Sul, a plough Sum, some, a certain one SumupJ ^'^•""^ Sumup-lang, summer-long Sun > ,, SunneJ*^™" Suna ) Sunu \ ^ ^"^ Sunbbuenb, a sailor Sunben) ,. Sunbop J proper, peculiar, separate 8unbep-)-Eop, a separate place Sunbop-Sijru, a peculiar excellence or gift Su'S, the south SutJ-eaj-E, the south-east Sujiepn, southern Sujje-peapb, southward Su'S-healb 1 .. , 8u«-peapberr™*''"''' Spa, as Spa-ejrne, even so Spa yojiS rpa, as far as, as much as taste, savour Spsepnej-, sluggishness SpsBplice, courteously 8p»1$, a path Spsejjep, whether, whichsoever Spapan, to sweep SpeapE, swarthy, black Spepan, to sleep, to smoulder Spepl, brimstone Spes, a sound Spegel, the sky Spegel-EophE, heavenly bright Spelgan 1 Spilgan > to swallow Spylgan) Spelgenb, a gulf SpelEan, to die, to perish a90 6L0SSAET. Spencan, to trouble Speop, a father-in-Ittw Speopcan, to darben Speopb, a sword SpeoBelian, to testily Speotol "I Speotul > clear, mani&st SpuEol J Spec, sweet SpeBmet, a sweetmeat Spetnep, sweetness, an alluremeiit Spipan, to move, to revolve SpifC, swift 8pirenerK^;ft„ess Spijco ) Spin, a swine Spincan, to labour Spingan, to scourge, tO' affict a neck Spypa S SpilS, strong, great 8pi>e, very Spi^lic, vast, excessive^ Spi^lice, powerfully SpiJ>op, rather, more Spijjopc, most chiefly Spongopnep, drowsiness SpoBmeSta)-, sweetmeats. See rpeSmeB Sylian, to soil, to stain Syloppen, silver Synbephc, peculiar Synbejiliqe, singly, separately Synn, sin Syp, a moistening Tacn > I , Tacnunsr'" ™'''*'S'' Tacman } to show, to declare, to Tsecnian f betoken Tsecan, to teach Tsecnan, to see to, to show TaBcnmj, teaching, instructjon Tselan, to deride, to blame, to up- braid, to compare Tsel-pyp'Slic, reprehensible Tarn, tame Tama, a tamer Teap, a tear, a drop Te&pe, frail, weak, tender Tela, rightly, well Tellan, to speak, to county to reckon Temian, to tame Teohhian, to think,, to endeavouE, to suppose, to draw Teen, to draw, to allure, to. draw towards, to restrain Teona, an injury Teo>a, the tenth Tib, tide, time, season Tiep, a heap, an expaasa Tigpip, a tiger rpV?*^" C *° Persuade, to excite Til, excellent Tile, Thule Tihan } to tiU, to toil, to effect a Tiolan } cure, to endeavour Tille, a fixed state TMuns I '*'"'"'^' P™™*' anxiety Tima, time Tipian, to irritate Tippin, a beloved prince Tohlapamy to. blow about, to acattei! Tobpseban, to spread Tobpecan, to break Toclujran, to cleave, to split Tocnapan, to distinguish, to discem Tocuman, to arrive at Tobselan, to divide Tobpipan, to drive; to dispeisft Torleopanl , „ TopiopU I *° ^"^ ^^«y TopoplseBain, to. allow Tojrunbian, to require Togsebepe, together Togebibban, to pray to ToSe>ieban, to join to Toghban, to glide away, to slip Tohealbau, to incline downwards Tohopa^ hope Tol, a tool Tolecgan, to separate Tonemnan, to name GLOSSAEX. 391 Tonuuan, to separate Top, a tower, a rook Topht, bright, splenSid, iHustrions Torceab, a difference Toj-ceaban, to divide, to discern, to distinguish TofcioCan, to shoot in, to antieipat* Toj-cpijjan, to wander Toflupan, to slip asunder, to dis- solve; part. BoJ^open Toj-cencan, to disperse; part. Softencce TojTnran, to err, to wander ToSeUan, to reckon Totepan, to tear in pieces Topeapb, the futnre Topeajibef, towards Topenan, to expect Topenban, to turn Topeoppan > to eiverthrow, to de- Topyppau i stroy Tpege, vexation Tpeop, a tree Tpeopa J faith, fidelity, a promise, Tpupa J troth Tpeopen, wooden l^eopian 1 lyepan >■ to trust, to confide in Tpupian ) Tjiepnej-, trust Tpvim, strong Tucian, to punish, to torment Tubop, a production, a progeny Tunge, a tongue Tungel, a star, a constellation Tupa, twice Tpa ) Tpega >■ two, twain l^egenj T^eojan ) ^^ ^^^j^j ^^ hesitate Tpeonan J ' l^eon ^ Tpeonuns> doubt Tpeoung 3 l^ig, a twig, a small branch TpincUan, to twinkle T^iopeS, two-footed T^iopseb, inconsistent T^an, to instruct Tybepnej-, frailty, weakness Tybpian, to nonrish Tybpung, propagation Tyhs, instruction Tynbpe, fuel .XT. Upan, above Upop, higher Unabepeubhc, unbearable 0nabinbenblic, indissoluble Unaejiel, igttoble, nnnoble Unapehe, unexplained Unapimeb, countless, uunumbeiied Unaj-ecgenblic, indescribable, ma- UnaiSpoCenhce, unceasingly Unapenbenbe ) . ,1 TJnaJenbenbhcP°**"Seable Unbl^hc*"} ""bright, less bright tTnbpoc, unbroken XJiKjlaen, unclean UncutS, unkn'own, strange Uncpe^enbe, inanimate, unspeaking TJncynb, unnatural Unbea^hc, undying, immortal Unbep, under, beneath UnbepbsBC, backwards, behiod Unbepecan, to eat under, to subvert Unbeppon, to undertake, to obtain, to receive, to be subservient TJnbepluEan, to support, to sustain Unbeppeanban, to understand UnbeppEaJjolfsej-c, unstable Uubepijeob, subject, put under Unbep)>eoban ) to make subject, to Unbephoban j degrade UngeateJ s''^™^'^'' ^'"^ difficulty TJnetSnep, uneasiness Unpsegep, not fair Unpaeglic, healthy, undying Unppacoblice, honourably Ungebybe, disagreeing TJngecynbelic ) . , TT ■ ti f unnatural Ungecynbhc J '""^'-'"'" Ungebapenlice, unreasonably Ungeenbob J ,. Unieenbobhcer^'^^'^'^e 392 GLOSSAET. XTngeftep, impassable UnsejrptBSlice, inconceivably, im- moderately Ungerylb, insatiable Unselsepeb, unlearned, ignorant CTnselejrenblie, incredible tJnhc "^ C "iJike, different UnSelimp, a misfortune Unsemengeb, unmixed TJnsemeE, excess UnSemei:, immeasurable Unsemefefsej-fc, intemperate, im- mense TJn^eaie'cfeeftnex, intemperance UnsemeClic, violent, immoderate, unbounded UngemeElice, immoderately, beyond measure UngemynbiS, unmindful, forgetful Ungeueb, uncompelled TJngepab, rude, unfit, at variance Unsepeclice, recklessly, confusedly Ungepim ) innumerable, infinite Unpim j quantity UnSepij-en, inconvenient Unsepifeniic, unbecoming TJnsepirenlice, indecently TJnsepybelice, roughly Unsej-Bslis, unhappy Unsej-jelS, trouble, misfortune, sor- row Unsej-ceabpi)-, irrational, imprudent tJnSej-ceabpi]-ne)-, imperfection, want of reason Unj-epenlic J UnSeeej-e, inconvenient Unge'SjiBep, discordant, unrelenting Unje'i^sepnej-, trouble, discord, wickedness UnseJ'ylb, impatience Unse)>ylbelice, impatiently TJnSetpnm, infirm Ungepealbef, involuntarily Unpir"^ j unwise, ignorant Unsepifj", ignorance UnSepiepill, unwise UnigepiSSiS, irrational Ungepunelie, unusual TJnglab, unpleasant, not glad Unsleapne)", want of skill TJnhal, unhealthy, unsound Unhepeb, unheard XJnhiope, fierce, tempestuous TJnhiJ'y, unhappy Unhpop, not bent down, erect Unhpeappenb, unchangeable Unlsejieb, unlearned XJnlonb, a desert UnmSJiuc} ^SnoWe, not celebrated Unmebeme, unworthy uZrhal} *"?"*""*' ^^^ UnmenblinSa, unexpectedly Unmennij-clic, inhuman Dnmetca, excess UnmihB, weakness TTninynblinsa, undesignedly TJnnebe, willingly, uncompelled XJnnet ) . ^^ vi UnnyE J ^*"'' ^Profitable Unnytlice, unprofltably TTnorepjTaJjebhc, unconquerable Unonpenbenblic, unchangeable Unpehtl Unpihfc > wicked, unfit, unjust UnpyhsN Unp^t}'°J'"*''=" Unpihshtemeb, adultery, unlawful lust TJnpihtlic, unjust, wrong tJnpihtlice, unjustly, unrighteously Unpihtpir, unrighteous TJnpot, sorrowful Unpocnej-, sorrow, bewailing, sad- ness UnpyhepijTie)-, unrighteousness Unpamppeeb, incongruous UnpceatJpuluep, innocence TJnpuyBpo, folly Unptill, moving, restless Unptpeng, weak innocent GLOSSAKT. 393 Unj-tyjiienbe, unstirring, immov- able Unj-peotol, imperceptible Untcelu, faultless Untela, not well, amiss UnJ>eapj:, ruin, detriment Unheap, a fault, vice TJntiylbiS, impatient Unsiblice, unseasonably Unfcilab, destitute UnfciojuS, untiringly Untob»leb, undivided CnEobselebhc, indivisible, inse- parable UnEpeopa, granting in faith, deceit Unt^ymnep, infirmity IJn5iT/^b^['''"='='^''''"'P''' Unqaogenbe, undoubting TJncyb, inexperienced Unpenunga, unexpectedly Unpeop'S, worthless, dishonourable UnpeopJ>ian, to dishonour, to dis- grace Unpeop'Spcipe, dishonour, unworthi- ness Unpillep } against one's will, un- UnpiUum J willingly TJnpipbom, folly Unpitnob, unpunished UnpbCegan, to change the figure, or appearance Unppecen, unpunished UnpupSnep, unworthincss, mean- ness Unpynpum, unpleasant Unpypb, misfortune Upahebban, to raise, to advance TJpapaepan, to uprear, to excite Upenbe, the top, the upper part Upgepapan, to go up, to ascend Up-on-sepihce, upright Uppan, upon TJppyne, rising, an up course Uppeapb I „ds TJppeapbep J Up, pi. See 10 Ucabpipan, to drive out, to expel Utapapan, to depart, to go out Ufcan, outwards, from without Utani Uce y let us Ucou) XJcancyman, to come from without Usapeallan, to well out, to spring out Ucemept, most remote, furthest TJ^piCa, a philosopher Una, woe ^ac, weak Gaelic, wealj, vain J7aclice, weakly J7ahan, to wade, to walk J^secce, a watching pseb, clothes, apparel ^8ebl, indigence, want J^Bebla, indigent J^Bspt, a wonder, a marvel JZaeg, a wave Paelhpeop, bloodthirsty, cruel J7aBn, a waggon ^senep-jjipla, the waggon shafts J78epen, a weapon J78ep, prudent J'sepelice, anxiously j^Beppcipe, prudence J78ep'S, notable, extraordinary J78epsm, fruit J7aet, wet J/seta, liquor J/seSep, water ^asjian, to hunt ^apian, to admire, to wonder at ^f^apung, astonishment j/agian, to wag, to move to and fro fan J J7on > dark, pale, wan J7onn) J7ana, a want J7ancol, unstable i; r> 394 QIOSSAHT. 1 I- to in Panblung, changeableness Panbpian, to TvaDder, to vary J7ans, a field Panian, to wane, to diminish, to be lessened ^apeman, to guard one's self f apo« \ f ea]^«f ^ '^°*^'' "^® s«a-shore J7epo« ) fats, a flight J7axan T J7eaxan f exan J f ea, woe, misery J7ea, miserable f ealb, the weald, a wold, a forest f ealban, to rule, to govern, to, wield Tealbanb ) , fealbenbP™^''"'^ governor J7ealbenbe, powerful fealblelieji, a rein J7ealhj-Sob, an interpreter f eaUan, to boil up, to rage. f ealopijan, to roll round f ealopigan ) to fall into decay, to f ealupan f wither f ealpian, to roll f eapb, a guardian f eapbigan, to dwell J7eapm, warm feaf, by chance fees, a wedge, a mass of metal f ecgjan, to rouse, to agitate J7ebenbe, insane, mad f ebep, weather, a storm f eg, a way f eg-jrapan, to travel J7eSpepenb, a travdler j7el, well f ela, wealth, riches f el-jehealben, well contented f elig, rich fell, a well, a spring f elm, heat, fire •U^" [ a thought, an opinion f enan, to think, to ween, to imagine f enban, to turn, to proceed, to bend, to govern J7enbel-)'8e, the Wendel sea fenbinj, a change f eob, a weed f eopab 'i f epeb > a company, a host i f epob J feopc-man, a, workman , ■L. t ?• fate, fortune feopob, sweet f eoppan, to cast, to throw f eop« 1 feopShc V worthy, deserving FMe J f eopj^an, to be, to exist f eopUpiilic, honourable f eop'SpiIUce, honourably f eop'Sgeopn, desirous of honour f eophian, to honour,, to distinguiab, to enrich, to worship f eop^mynb, honour, dignity feop^j-cipe, dignity, advantage f eopulb-bif s / worldly occupa- f eopulb-bij^ung J tion f eopulb-buenfa, a dweller in the world J7epan, to weep, to bewail f ep, a man j/epban, to corrupt, to injure f epig, weaiy, vile f epilic, manly, worthy of. a man f epoban, to grow sweet f epJ>iob, a nation ; pi. men f e)*an, to be Peye, the west feft-bsel,. the west part,; i.e. the west f e)-6e, a waste, a desert f ej-Be-peajib, westward f ef cmbaepe, fertile fej-cmej't, most westward f hilum, sometimes fhon. See Upon f ic, a station, a dwelling-place fib, wide f ib-cu'S, widely known, eminent f ibe, widely f ibgille, wide, spacious GiOaSAET. 395 yib'gilney, amplitude Pibmiepe, far-famed, celebrated ^ij:, a wife, a -woman j7ipan, to tate a wife, to marry fig, war J'ljenh, a warrior ^iger-heajib, a leader of war ^i-la-pei, well-away ! J7il&, wild ^ilb-beop, a wild beast J7illa, the will ^illan J to will, to desire, to wish, J7ilniau J to be incliaed to ^ilnung, desire J7jii, wine fmb, the wind J7inban, to wind, to wander, to circle ^inber-bom, the power of the wind J7inseapb, a vineyard J^ingebpinc, wine-drink; i.e. wine Pmnan, to labour, to toil, to con.- tend, to conquer ^mtep, winter Pincpeg, wintry J7ij-, wise ^ij-bom, wisdom J7ij-e, way, custom, wise J7jj-c, food J7ic, the mind pica, a wise man, a senator, a noble ^iSan, to know ^iSan, to blame, to punish PiSe, a torment, a punishment ^I'S, with, towards ^i'6-cpej'an, to gainsay, to contra- dict, to oppose J7jJ)eppea]ib, adverse, rebellious, in- consistent ^i^eppeapbuej-, adversity ^ijjeppinna, an enemy J7i'Sj:opan, before ^i^metan, to compare ^ilSj^anban, to withstand _^iSpinnan, to oppose ^iSnian, to torment, to punish, to injure J7itnuns, punishment J71asC6a, a loathing . J71anc, splendid, rich J71aBian, to grieve J7Ienco, splendour, prosperity,, ptide, arrogance ^liEan, to behold, to look'upon J71iee, beauty, excellence I'liEeg, beautiful Pob-J;pas, fury Foh \ ^"^""S foh-fpemmenb, a doer of wicked- ness J7oh-h8emeC, adultery, unlawful lust ^ol, a plague, severity; mischief I'olcen, a cloud, the welkin' J7on, error ^oncla, unstable J7onbBeb, a crime Pong-j-eebe, afield ^on-pilla, evil desire, lust j7on-pilnuns, evil desire,, a wicked purpose, lust ^on-pypb, evil fortune J7op, weeping ^opb, a word J7opb-liopb, a treasury of words l^opn, a multitude, a number J7opulb, the world, life in this world ]7opnlb-lu)*B, worldly lust, plea- sure J7pac, exile, banishment Fpacu'^ J7paec > vengeance, injury, revenge fpec ) y paec n / ^^ p^jjigij^ (■(,. correct fpaecpIS, banishment Ppaec-rtop, an evil place, a place of banishment Fpasnnej", lust, luxury FSanl*°^"PP'"'' J7pa'S, anger, wrath fpa% angry,, violent Fpecca, an exile, a wretch 396 GLOSSAET. Tpegan, to accuse J7penc, a fraud, deceit PjiVsan, to tend towards, to incline, to strive ^pinsan,J;o wring, to press |7pisan, to write Ppicepe, a writer ?ub;i:^/|— dfowi J7uhhnns, madness, fury t . . > a tiling, a creature J7nl):, a wolf ^unb, a wound J7unb, wounded ^unbop 1 " ^""^"'^ runbenlic } j r i Knbophc J ^o'^derf ul runbeplice ) j » i, Knboplice J ^""derfuUy ^unbian, to wound ^Unbpian, to wonder, to wonder at, to admire Punbjium, wonderfully ^unian, to remain, to dwell ^ynjTim, pleasant, winsome ^ynj-umlice, happily ^ynfumner, pleasantness J7ypcan, to labour, to make ^yphta, a maker, a wright f ypm, a worm Pypnan, to warn, prevent, refuse Pjpye, worse. See Yjrel J7jfpE, a plant, a herb J'ypepnma, a root Y. Yjrel, evil Yjrel, bad ; comp. pyp)-e ; sup. pyprs Ypele, evilly, miserably, badly ■f/, > to inflict evil Yphan J Yfel-pillenb, evil-mindec" Yf el-pypcan, to do evil YremefS, highest, uppermost Ymb-ceppan, to turn round Ymb-clyppan, to encircle, to em- brace Ymbe, about ShSr??"'' circumference, Ymb-hpypU 5 ^ ■=>""'' Ymb-hpeopfan, to turn about, to turn round, to encompass Ymbe-licsan, to lie around Ymb-fon, to encircle, to encompass Ymb-habban, to include, to con- tain Ymbhoga, care, anxiety Ymb-)-cpi]>an, to revolve about Ymb-peean, to surround Ymb-fppecan, to speak about Ymb-)-Canban, to surround Ymb-j-pincan, to labour after any- thing Ymb-ucan, round about Ypmian, to afSict, to oppress Ypmins, a wretch Ypm^S, misery Ypnan, to run Yppe, anger, ire Yppinija, angrily Yppenb, angry YpjTinS, anger YfC, a tempest, a storm Yce, outwards ; sup. ycemej-E, fur- thest YK, a wave B. Da, as, when Daepe. See Biy BserEepnerl ^ , DJTfcepner J ''"''"^^'' Dapan, to suffer, to permit, to allow Bajrung, permission Done I ^^^'^^^t ■'^i") mind, favour Bancian, to thank Danc-pyp^, thankworthy, accep- table Banon, thence GIOSSAET. 397 Deaht, counsel, thought Deapf, need, necessity Dunran C '° ^^^^ *° ^^^^ "^^'^ Deapjrlice, carefully Deapl, heavy Deaple, greatly ■ Deap, a custom, manner Beccan, to conceal, to cover DeSn i * thane, a servant Degnuns ) service, office, duty, re- Denung \ tinue Dencan '),,,., ^ ■ Dencean i *" ^^^°^' '° i^^aS'iiei '" Bmcan ) '"•='^'**'^ Denben, while Deman ) , ^ ... Denigan J *° ^^"^^^i '" ™"iister Deob, a country Deoban, to join, to associate Deoben ) a lord, u ruler, >i people's Dioben ) ruler DeobifC, a language, a nation Beob-lonb, people's land, a people Beof, a thief Bwu}*"^""""'" Beoprcpolb) i^„I3 Sjpycpoib 5 Beoj-cpu ) Bioftjio > darkness Bij-Cpu 3 Beop, a servant, a slave Beopbom, service, servitude Deopian, to serve ?,"' J thick Bicce J Dicgan, to eat, to receive Dibep, thither l^-;} the like, such Bm, thine Bmcan, to seem, to appear Bins, * thing Bingepe, an advocate, a pleader Binsian, to plead at the bar, to obtain to hoTvl Diob-rpuma, a nation's founder, a creator Dioi-Cpan, to darken Bioean ) Dusan J Bij-, this Bi)-1, the shafts of a waggon Bocpian, to be conducted Bolian, to suffer Bone, the mind, the will, a wish Boncal-mob, wise in mind, wise Bonecan, as often as Bononpeapb, thenceward, from thence Bonne, than Bopn, a thorn Bpaeb, thread BpseSian, to run Bpag, course of events, space of time Bpeagan, to vex, to harass, to afflict BpeaE, a troop Bpeatian ) to threaten, to chide, to BpieEan J admonish, to terrify BpeaSunS, correction Bpeauns, a threatening n 1 ^T I tlirse rows of rowers Bpibba, third Bpie-yealb, three-fold Bpingan, to crowd, to throng, to rush bIIFI"'- Bpitag, thirty Bpoee, the throat Bpopian, to stiffer, to endure Bpyccan, to tread on, to trample Bpym, greatness, majesty, a crowd Bpym, glorious Bunep, thunder Bunpian, to thunder Buph-jrapan, to go through, to penetrate Buph-j-eon, to see through Buph-eeon, to accomplish, to fulfil Buph-punian, to remain, to con- tinue, to persevere Bupj-e, thirst 398 GLOSSARY. Bupp:eSi thiraty Suy, thus Buj-enb, a thousand Bp^pian, to temper, to moderate Dpeop, perverse Dpeopteme, a brawler By, then, when, therefore, because Bv-laej*, lest Byle, Thule Byjiel, a hole Bypj-tan, to thirst By]"tjie, dark THE ■E'SD. V. WBITIKG, BEADFOET HOTTSE, SIKAXD. MESSES. BELL AND DALDY'S CATALOGUE BOHFS YAEIOUS LIBRARIES THEIR OTHER COLLECTIONS, WITH A CLASSIFIED INDEX. LONDON: No/ 186, FLEET STEEET, AND 6, YORK STEEET, COVBNT GARDEN, 'j 1864. BOHN'S VARIOUS LIBRARIES. A complete Set, in ^83 Volumes, price 1211. 13s. No. of Vohmes. SEPARATE TTBEAEIES. Price d. 150 Standaed Liekaey (inoluding the Atlas to Coxe's Marlborough) 26-15 13 HiSTOKIOAL LiBRABY , . 3' 5 6 LlEBAEY OT FkENOH MeMOIES .... 1 1 43 UUIFOEM WITH THE StANBAKD LiBHAET .8 3 6 19' PmLOLOaiOAl LlEEABY 4 29 British Olabsics 5' 1 6 8 EocatESIASTlOAL LiBEABY 2 40 Antiquabian Libeaey 10 74 Cheap Series .,..,.. 5 19 6 76 Illustrated Library 19 9 89 Olassioai Libbaey (Including the Atlas) 21 IS 6 63 SOIENTIFIO LiBEABY 16 4. IN PEEPABATION, BOETHIXJS'S CONSOLATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY, rendered into o Anglo-Saxon by King Alfred : the Anglo-Saxon Metres and a i literal English translation. by the Eev. Samuel Fox, (AntiquakiA8|MJ Libbaey). Immediately. '.''^f LOWNDES'S BIBLIOGEAPHEK'S MANUAL, Appendix Vol. con- r taining the Lists of Books published by various Societies and Clubs, ), (PjEOLOLOGaCAL LiBEAEY). FOSTEES MISCELLANEOUS WOEKS, including his Essay j on Doddridge, &o. ('Standaed Libeaby). NOTICE. Messrs. Bell and Daldt beg to announce that they have purchased of Mr. H. Gr. Bohn, who is preparing to retire from business, after forty years of successful enterprise, the entire stock of his various Libraries, consisting of more than 600 different works, and comprising nearly half a million of volumes. These Libraries have been created by Mr. Bohn during the past twenty years by an amount of energy and industry, bibliographical knowledge and literary skill never before united with the requisite amount of capital ; and they repre- sent an accumulation of valuable works unexampled in the history of literary undertakings. Though Mr. Bohn was not the first to recognize the power of cheapness as applied to the production of books, he was the first to address his efforts exclusively to works of a standard character and enduring interest. He threw himself into the movement with characteristic energy ; and in developing his aim he is known by those who have watched the progress of cheap literature to have distanced all competitors. During the time that his Libraries have been before the public, he has carried into all classes in all parts of. the world where the English language is under- stood an unexampled choice of books, not only for students and scholars, but for readers who merely seek amusement. Such a choice, so varied, and at so low a price, does not exist in this country or elsewhere ; and Mr. Bohn is entitled to the gratitude of all who value the humanizing effects of literature. Since the commencement of these Libraries at B 2 NOTICE. least three million volumes have been issued, and these may fairly he tak6n to represent thirty million readers. In accepting the responsibility of so large an under- taking, Messrs. Be]l and Daldy desire to carry on the pro- jects of Mr. Bohn with the same spirit and energy which " have influenced him, and they are happy to announce they win have the advantage of his bibliographical knowledge and large experience. In addition to the Libraries of Mr. Bolin, this Catalogue comprises the various Collections published by Messrs. Bell and Daldy during the last nine years, and now in progress. These Libraries and Collections together aiford a choice from about 800 volumes on general literature and educa- tion. To assist purchasers in making their selections a classi- fied index is attached, by which they will be guided to the subjects of the books. Messrs. Bell and Daldy venture to add, that the Aldine Poets, Aldiae Series, British Worthies, Elzevir Series, and Pocket "V^olumes, are specially prepared for the lovers of choice books, and are specimens of careful editing combined : with the most finished workmanship in all external features. They believe that they are not surpassed in these respects by any similar productions of the present day. Many of the above works are adapted for prizes and presents ; and they may be had through any bookseller, bound in a suitable style, by giving a short notice. :: CLASSIFIED INDEX. Angler, Walton . . .^ Angler's ManuaCHoflaQd Games of, Morphy ■ Player's Companion ■ Handbook . - — Praxis, Staunton . ■ Tournament . . Games, Handbook of Manly Exei-cises, Walker Shooting, Recreations in Abt. Didron's Iconography . Holbehi's Bible Cuts Dance of Death Lanzi's Painting . . . Lectures on Painting Michael Angelo and Baphael Eeynolds' (Sh- J.) Works Schlegel's Esthetic '^orks Stanley's Synopsis of Painters Vasari's Lives of the Painters Atlases. Classical Geography . . . ' Long . Grammar School Atlas . . Marlborough's Campaigns . BlOQBAPHT. Burke's Life Cellini, Memoirs of . . . ■Foster's Life, &c Franklin's Autobiography . Irving's Life and Letters . Johnson's Life, &c . . . - Locke's Life and Letters Luther's Life, Michelet . Nelson's Life, Southey Pope's Life, Carrutheis . Walton's Lives . . . Washington's Life Wellington, Life of . . . BBinsH Classics. Addison's Works . Burke's Works Milton's Prose Works Drvnnrr. , BuUer's Analogy . . and Sermons - Sermons . Works Chillingworth's Eeligion of Pro- . testants Gregory's Evidences . . Heniy on the Psalms KlttoB Scripture Lands . Krummacher's Parables . Neander's Christian Dogmas . Christian Life PAGE 41,42 . 11 . 33 . 40 . 40 . 40 . 40 . 40 . 38 . 31 . 30 . 21 . 21 21 . 12 . 39 28 13 . 14 . 40 . 15 . 46 . 47 . 10 . 19 . 9 10 . 23 lY, 24 . 23 . '12 . 12 30,41 . 30 41,42 17,24 . 31 PAGE DlYDsTTr— Confti7l«€d. Neander's Life of Christ ". . . 13 • Light in Dark Places . 13 New Testament— Greek . 16, 47, 47 Lexicon to . . .16 Sturm's Communings .... 14 Taylor's Living and Dying 14, 43, 45 Wheatley on the Common Prayer . 15 Dbamatic Liteeatuek. Beaumont' and Fletcher .... 9 Lamb's Dramatic Poets .... 22 Tales from Shakespeare 41 Schlegel's Dramatic Literature . 14 '■' ■ ■ ~" IS, 42 . 17 . 14 Works Sheridan's Dramatic Works. . Ficrros. Andersen's Tales . . . . . Berber, The . . . . . . Bremer's Works- . . . . . Gattermole's Haddon Hall . . Cinq-Mars Classic Tales .... Defoe's Works Gil Bias * Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield Hawthorne's Tales . . . Hewitt's English Life . . Hunt's Book for a Corner . Irving's Works .... Keightley's Fairy Mythology Lamartine's Genevieve . . Stonemason, &c. Longfellow's Prose Works . Marryat's Works .... Mayhew's Image of his Father Mitford's Otr 'Village . ■ . Modem No'vehsts of France Munchausen's Life . . . Kobinson Crusoe .... Sandford and Merton Tales of the Genii . . . Taylor's El Dorado . . Uncle Tom's^Cabin . Whiteslave Wide, Wide World . . . Willis's Tales . . Yule Tide Stories . . 26 . 23 9 . 28 . 23 . 16 . 20 27 . 41 . 24 . 27 . 27 17,24 22 . 25 25 . 28 25 13 . 25 25 . 30 25 . 31 '. 25 18, 25 . 25 . 18 . 25 . 23 . 48 . 48 . 48 . iS FbeNCH AtJTHOBS. F^n^Ion's TelSmaque . . La Fontaine's Fables . . Picciola Voltaire's Charles XII. . . Geeman Authors. German Ballads ... . . 45 Schiller's Wallensteiu . . . .48 Geemau (the). Teanslations feom. Goethe's 'Works 11 Heine's Poems . , ... 1 1 SchUler's Works 13 CLASSIFIED INDEX. PAGE Gbeek Authops. ^Bchylus . . . t .. 4.5,4-1 Demosthenes 45 Euripides . ' 45,47 Herodotus 45, 47 Hesiod 45 Homer 45 Plato 46 Sophocles .... ... 46 Thucydides . 47 Seaophon's Anabasis . . . 47, 47 Cytopaadia .... 47 Gbbek (the) Translatpjns from. Achilles Tatias , • 3* JEschines 16 ^schyluB . . . - .32 Anthology, Greek . ... 34 Aristophanes S3 •■■■-■ 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 . 36 . 34 16,33 . 34 34 Aristotle's Ethics History of Animals . . _ — Metaphysics . . . Organon . . . . Politics and Economics Rhetoric and Poetics PAGE Historical MENOTRS—continiMd. Memoir of Hampden, by Lord Nu- gent 15 — Philip de Commines . 15 Naval and MiUtary Heroes of Britain 29 Pauli's Life of Alfred the Great . 22 E^scoe'sLife of Leo X 13 : Lorenzo de Medici 13 History and Tkayels, Anglo-Saxons, Millei* .... 28 Antiquities, Popular, Brand . . 21 Arabs in Spain, Cohd€ .... 9 Christianity, Firat Planting of, Neander .13 CflBONICLBS. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Bede . 21 Florence of Worcester's . . 21 Geoffrey de Vlnsauf ... 21 Henry of Huntingdon's . . 21 Ingulph's Chronicle Matthew of Paris . . Westminster Athenseus . . . , Bion Callimachus . . . Demosthenes' Orations Diogenes Laertlus Euripides . . . , Heljodorus 34 Herodotus ........ 34 — ■ Analysis of .... 18 • Notes 18 Hesiod ......... 34 Homer's Iliad 34 Pope 30 Odyssey 31 . Pope .... 30 Longus 34 Moschus 36 Philo-Judfflus ....... go Pindar 35 Plato 35 Sophocles 36 Theocritus . 36 Theognis ... ... 34 Thucydides 36 Analysis of. . . , 19 Tyytieus 36 Xenophon 36 Historical Mbm 39 of Marco Polo . . .22 Wellington, Victories of ... 28 Italian (the) TaANSLArroNS fhom. Arlosto's Orlando Furtosa . . 26 Dante, Cary 16 Wright 26 Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered . . 31 lATiN Authors. CseSar, De Bello Galileo ... 46, il Bks. 1-3 ... 46 acero's Cato Major . . . . 46, 47 ~ Orations . .... 45 Horace 45, 46, 47 Juvenal, Satires, 1-16 ... 46 — ■ and Persius' .... 45 Lucretius . . .... 47 Ovid's Fasti 46 SalluBt 46, 47 Tacitus, Germania, &c 4S Terence -46 Virgil 46,47 Latin (the), Trasslattonserom. Ammianus Marcellinus .... 32 Antoninus's Thoughts .... 44 ■>;■ ApuleluB, the Golden Ass . . 32 Boethius . , 21 Cfflsar 33 Catullus 33 Cicero's Academics, &c 33 Nature of the Gods, &c . 33 , Offices, See. S3 . . On Oratory 33 , Orations . ... 33 ; Cornelius Nepos 34 EatropluB . 34 riorus 36 Horace 11, Si Ay Johannes Secundus . . . . 35 .;; Justin ' ' oi l; Juvenal ...... ■ ?T FASE Latin (the) Teansla'HONs prom — continued. Lucau' -,35 LucUius 34 Lucretius 35 Martial's Epigrams 35 Ovid .35 Persius ' . 34 Petronlus ....;... 35 Phffidrus ........ 36 Plautus 35 iPUny's Natural History .... 35 Propertlus 35 Quintillan's Institutes . . . 36 Sallust ......... 36 Suetonius 36 Sulpicia 34 Tacitus 36 Terence 36 TibuUus a? Velleius Paterculus 36 Virgil 36 Literaet HiaroRT, &c. , Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual Scblegel's History of Literature . Slsmondi's Literature of South of Europe ; M^ISCELLANEons. Aschain's Scheie Master •. . 18 14 14 Livy Browne's (Sir T.) Works . . . • Cape and the Kaffirs . .... Coin Collector's Manual, Hum- phreys Cotton Manufactures, Ure . . . Cruikshank's Three Courses, &c. . Dictionary of Obsolete Words . . Emerson's Orations and Lectures . Representative Men . Epitaphs .... . . Foster's Essays, &c Lectures, &c. , . . - '. . Miscellaneous Works 40 26 19 23 23 21 10 10 ID Fnsterlana 10 Fuller's Works 10 Gray's Works 44 Hall's (Basil) Lieutenant . . . 41 Midshipman ... 41 (Robert) Works .... 11 Herbert's Works , . . 41,42 Jesse's Dogs, &o. 27 Junlus's Letters .... ,11 Lion Hunting 25 Locke's Craiduct, &c. 45 Luther's Table Talk 12 Magic (Ennemoser's) 38 Manufactures (Philosophy ol), Ure 40 Moral SenHments, Sinith ... 14 Political Cyclopedia ..... 18 Potteiy and Porcclata .... 30 Preachers and Preaching . . 25 Front's (Father) EeUques ... 30 Starling's Noble Deeds of Women.' 30 Taylor's Logic in Theology ... 45 Physical Theory ... 43 _^— Ultimate Civilization . . 45 CLASSIFIED INDEX, PAGE MlBCELLANEOtrS— coniMiuc^. Temperance, Carpenter . , . , 23 WineB, Kedding on 30 Young Lady's Book . , |y . , 31 KATTTttAL History. British Birds, Mudie 29 Cage Birds, Bechstein , ... 26 Poultry, Dickson and Mowbray . 1 6 SeasonB, Hewitt 21 Selborae, White 31, 41 Warblers, Sweet , 26 POBTBT. Akenside's Poems 43 British Poets — Milton to Kirke "White ■ IT , Bums's Poems 41,43 ■ Songs 41 Butler's Hudibras 26 Coleridge's Poems . . 41, 42 Collins's Poems 43 Cowper's Poems 43 Works 10 Dibdin's Sea Songs 23 Dryden's Poetical Works ... 43 Ellis's Metrical Romances . . 21 (goldsmith's Poems 41 Gower's Confessio Amantis ... 43 Gray's Poems ... . . 41, 44 Herbert's Poems 41, 43 Kirke White's Poems .... 44 Longfellow's Poems . . . . 28, 4X Milton's Paradise Lost . . 28, 41, 42 Kegamed . . 28, 41 Petrarch's Sonnets .... 29 Pope's Poetical Works .... 30 Robin Hood Ballads 41 Sea Songs and Ballads .... 41 Shakespeare's Poems ... 18, 43 Spenser's Works 43 Thomson's Poems . . . . 44 'Seasons . .v . . . 44 Vaughan's Poems . . . ' . . 41, 45 Young's Poems 44 Peoteebs and Quotations. Dictionary of Greek and Latin Quo- tations 34 Handbook of Proverbs .... 21 Polyglot of Foreign Proverbs . . 22 Science amd Philosopht. Anatomy, Comparative, Lawrence , Animal Physiology, Carpenter . . Arts and Sciences, Joyce . . . Astrology, Lilly .... Astronomy, Carpenter .... -Hind PAGE SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY— ConiinMCCl, Botany, De Jussteu 39 BBIDGEWATEa TbEATISES. Chalmers on Mot^ Man Kidd on Man .... Kiiby on Animals . . Prout on Chemistry WheweU's Astronomy General Physics . . 11 38 17 11 38 39 Bacon's Advancement of Learning 37, 44 Novum OrganUm . 37, 44 Botany, Carpenter 38 and of. Chemistey. Agricultural, Stockhardt Elementary, Parkes . . Principles of, Stockhardt Chevreul on Colour . . , Comparative Physiology, Agassiz , Comte's Philosophy of the Sciences Cosmos, Humboldt's 7 . Geology. General, Kidiardson Medals of Creation, Mantell Of Isle of Wight, Mantell Of Scripture, Pye Smith Petrifactions, &c., Mantell Wonderg of Geology, Mantell Horology, Carpenter . . . , Inventions, Beckmann's History Joyce's Scientific Dialogues . Ktmt's Pure Reason ; . . Life, Philosophy of, Schlegel Locke's Philosophical Works Logic, Devey . ... Mechanical Philosophy, Carpenter Medicine, Domestic - . . . Mineralogy, Richardson Natural Philosophy, Hogg , Oersted's Soul in Nature Palaeontology, Richardson . Physics, Hxmt .... Races of Mmi, Pickering. . Schouw's Earth, Plants, Man Science, Poetiy of. Hunt. . Technical Analysis, BoUey . Vegetable Physiology, Carpentei Views of Nature, Himiboldt Zoology, Carpenter . . . TOFOGEAPHT. Athens, Stuart and Revett China Egypt, Lord Lindsay's Letters , Geography, Modern . . . Strabo . India London, Pictorial Handbook of Redding .... Nineveh, Bonomi . . . Norway . .... Paris Rome r. 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